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Glossary of Selected Terms 145

Appendix 1

Glossary of Selected Terms

Pesticide Terms

Active ingredient: usually means a single pesticidally active chemical (e.g., parathion). It may also refer to a group of related chemicals that mayor may not be isomers (e.g., heptachlor). They are listed on product labels under "active ingredients." Synonym: common name or chemical name. Chemical name: specific chemical identity of an active or inert ingredient (e.g, 0,0- diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate is the chemical name of parathion). Class of active ingredients: ingredients that are grouped together because of their sim• ilar chemical structure, toxic mechanism, and health effects (e.g., organophosphates). Common name: see Active ingredient. Inert ingredient: solvents, dusts, fillers, or other compounds used in formulating pes• ticides. Inert ingredients have no pesticidal activity in certain products. Some chem• icals are inert in one product and active in others. For example, in a , an ingredient would be inert if it was not damaging to plants, even though it may be active as an insecticide. Therefore, it is listed as an active ingredient in insecticides but is considered an inert ingredient in . The names of inert ingredients do not appear on the product label and are considered trade secrets by the manufacturer (e.g., benzene). Pesticide: specific mixture of active and inert ingredients (e.g., Ortho Horne Orchard Spray®). Pesticide ingredients: active and inert ingredients. Product name: name given a pesticide product by a manufacturer, distributor, or retailer. It appears on the front of the label (e.g., Ortho Horne Orchard Spray®). Syn• onym: trade name. Trade name: see product name.

Medical Terms

Mucous membrane effects: effects on the epithelial tissue covering internal organs of the body. The phrase most commonly refers to the mouth, esophagus, trachea, bron• chi, and nose which are frequently affected following pesticide exposures, e.g., nasal or bronchial irritation. Postnatal effects: effects that occur after birth but result from prenatal exposure, e.g., learning disorders, failure to thrive. 146 Glossary Selected Terms

Prenatal effects: effects that occur prior to birth and cause the offspring to deviate from the norm. This may include teratogenesis, biochemical alterations, somatic or germ cell modifications, in utero growth retardation, or death. They may not be discernible until after birth. Reproductive system effects: effects on the reproductive system distinct from the off• spring, e.g., testicular atrophy, uterine bleeding. Freedom ofInformation Requests 147

Appendix 2

Freedom of Information Requests

This book contains some health effects data obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs, Information Services Branch, Freedom of Information Office. The documents provided were of two types: Tox One-liners (reference 23). These are brief summaries of the results of animal studies that were submitted by the pesticide manufacturers to U.S.E.P.A. for purposes of registration and tolerance setting. Surveillance Indices (reference 22). These are summaries of data on pesticide composition, use, food residue tolerances, ecologic effects, and health effects. These documents do not cover all pesticides, nor do they include all avail• able information on a pesticide. They are useful because they contain health effects data that are not available in the open literature. In the case of newer pesticides, they may be the only source of information. The results of many health effects studies supplied by pesticide manufactur• ers to the government were unavailable to the public until 1982. At that time injunctions obtained by the manufacturers, which had prevented the release of study results, were lifted. Results of these studies include information on health effects that was not available in the open literature, and, in the case of new pesticides, was often the only data in existence. While we have obtained some data on over 200 active ingredients, there is a large volume of informa• tion that could be useful to health workers that has not yet been released or openly reviewed. The release of most remaining health data was made possible by a June 1984 Supreme Court decision. For those wishing to request information, the address of the Freedom of Information Office is given below. It is advisable to request a specific type of information on a pesticide, e.g., chronic animal toxicity study results, rather than making a general request, e.g., all the information on acephate. Proprie• tary information will not be supplied. A major difficulty in obtaining infor• mation through the Freedom ofInformation Act is that requests must be made for specific documents in most cases. It may be difficult to determine if specific information exists and how it is referred to by the government agency. Your government representative or the congressional committee that oversees the agency may be of assistance in this matter. 148 Freedom ofInformation Requests

To obtain information on pesticides, direct inquiries to the following: U.S.E.P.A. Office of Pesticide Programs Information Services Branch Information Services Section Freedom ofInformation Office (AlOl) 401 M. St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 Canceled Pesticides: All Uses (U.S.) 149

Appendix 3

Canceled Pesticides: All Uses (U.S.)

Pesticide Year Canceled Effects trioxide 1977 M,O,T BHC 1978 bufencarb ° chloranil 1977 chlordecone (Kepone®) 1977 ° chloronitropropane ° copper acetoarsenite 1977 M,O,T copper arsenate (basic) 1977 cyprazme ° DOD (TOE) 1971 E EGT erbon 1980 O,R,T nitralin OMPA 1976 ovex ° phenarsazine chloride 1977 pirimicarb profluralin safrole 1977 M,O Strobane® 1976 TCBC ° Trysben® 1978 ° M = Mutagenesis E = ecologic problems o = oncogenesis R = reproductive effects T = teratogenesis

Abstracted from: USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs, Status Report of RPAR, Special Review, Registration Standards, and Data Call In Programs, September, 1983. Canceled Pesticides: Some or Most Uses (U.S.) 151

Appendix 4

Canceled Pesticides: Some or Most Uses (U.S.)

Pesticide Year Canceled Effects acrylonitrile 1978 N,O,T aldrin 1974 E,O amitraz 1979 benzene °B,M,O chlordane 1974 E,O DBCP M,O,R (dibromochloropropane) DDT 1972 E dieldrin 1974 E,O endrin 1979 E,O,T heptachlor 1974 E,O isocyanurates K lindane 1983 O,R,T mirex 1976 E monuron 1977 Perthane® (ethyl an) 1980 ° pronamide 1979 ° sodium arsenite 1978 °M,O,T strychnine 1983 E toxaphene 1982 E,O

N = neurotoxicity B = blood disorders o = oncogenesis M = mutagenesis T = teratogenesis R = reproductive effects E = ecologic problems K = kidney effects Abstracted from: USEP A, Office of Pesticide Programs, Status Report on RP AR, Special Review, Registration Standards, and Data Call In Programs, September, 1983. Suspended Pesticides (U.S.) Under Consideration for Possible Cancelation 153

Appendix 5

Suspended Pesticides (U.S.) Under Consideration for Possible Cancelation

Year Pesticide Suspended Effects ethylene dibromide (EDB) 1983 M,O,T maleic hydrazide 1981 M,O,R Silvex® (2,4,5-TP) 1979 O,R,T 2,4,5-T 1979 O,R,T TEPP tetradifon

M = mutagenesis R = reproductive effects o = oncogenesis T = teratogenesis

Abstracted from: USEP A, Office of Pesticide Programs, Status Report on RP AR, Special Review, Registration Standards, and Data Call In Programs, September, 1983. 154 References Cited

References Cited

1. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values, Cincinnati, 1980. 2. Chambers J. E., Yarbrough, J. (eds): Effects of Chronic Exposure to Pesticides on Animal Systems. Raven, New York, 1982. 3. Clayton, G. D., Clayton, F. E. (eds): Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 3rd edition, Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C. Wiley, New York, 1982. 4. Council on Environmental Quality: Chemical Hazards to Human Reproduction. USGPO, Washington, 1981. 5. Doull, J., Klassen, C. D., Amdur, M. O. (eds): Casarett and Doull's Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons, 2nd edition. Macmillan, New York, 1980. 6. Esposito, M. P., Tierman, T. D., Dryden, F. E.: Dioxins. Cincinnati, EPA, 1980. 7. Finkel, A. J.: Hamilton and Hardy's Industrial Toxicology, 4th edition. Wright, Boston, 1983. 8. Gosselin, R. E., Hodge, H. c., Smith, R. P., Gleason, M. N.: Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 4th edition. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1976. 9. Hayes, W. H.: Pesticides Studied in Man. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1982. 10. International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC Monographs on the Evalua• tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Carbamates, Thiocarbamates, and Carbazides. Volume 12: WHO, Lyon, 1976. II. International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monographs on the Evalua• tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Miscellaneous Pesticides, Volume 30, WHO, Lyon, 1983. 12. International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC Monographs on the Evalua• tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Some Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Volume 20: WHO, Lyon, 1979. 13. Kenaja, E. E.: Toxicology and residue data useful in the environmental evaluation ofdalapon. Residue Rev 53:109-151,1974. 14. Key, M. M., Henschel, A. F., Butler, J., Ligo, R. N., Tabershaw, I. R., Ede, L. (eds): Occupational Diseases A Guide to Their Recognition. USGPO, Washington, 1977. 15. Morgan, D. P.: Recognition and Management of , 3rd edition, USGPO, Washington, 1982. 16. Neal, R. A. Microsomal metabolism ofthiono-sulfur compounds: mechanisms and toxicological significance. Rev Biochem Toxicol 2: 131-1 71, 1980. 17. Patty, F. A. (ed): Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 2nd edition. Interscience, New York, 1958. 18. Sax NI: Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 5th edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1979. 19. Shiau, S. Y., Huff, R. A., Wells, B. c., Felkner, I. c.: Mutagenicity and DNA-dam• aging activity for several pesticides tested with Bacillus subtilis mutants. Mutat Res 71:169-179,1980. References Cited 155

20. Sittig M: Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals. Noyes, Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1981. 21. Sittig, M. (ed): Pesticide Manufacturing and Toxic Materials Control Encyclopedia. Noyes, Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1980. 22. Surveillance indices: See Appendix 2. 23. Tox one-liners: See Appendix 2. 24. USDHEW, PHS, CDC, NIOSH: Criteria for a recommended standard: Occupa• tional Exposure to Refined Petroleum Solvents. USGPO, Washington, 1977. 25. USDHHSjUSDOL, NIOSH, OSHA: Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards, NIOSH, 1981. 26. USDHHS, PHS, CDC, NIOSH: Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. USGPO, Washington, 1980. 27. USDHHS, PHS, CDC, NIOSH: Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. USGPO, Washington, 1983. 28. USDHHS: Third Annual Report on Carcinogenesis. USGPO, Washington, 1982. 29. USEPA: Pesticide Registration Standard for Carboxin, NTIS PB82-131731, 1981. 30. USEPA: Pesticide Registration Standard for , NTIS PB82-134347, 1981. 31. USEPA: Pesticide Registration Standard for Isopropalin, NTIS PB82-131293, 1981. 32. USEPA: Pesticide Registration Standard for Metalaxyl, NTIS PB82-172297, 1981. 33. USEPA: Pesticide Registration Standard for Methomyl, NTIS PB82-180738, 1981. 34. USEPA: Pesticide Registration Standard for Naphthaleneacetic Acid, NTIS PB82- 131145,1981. 35. USEPA: Pesticide Registration Standard for OBPA, NTIS PB82-172271, 1981. 36. Vettorazzi, G.: International Regulatory Aspects for Pesticide Chemicals, Volume 1, Toxicity Profiles. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, 1979. 37. Wiltrout, R. W., Ercegovich, C. D., Ceglowski, W. S.: Humoral immunity in mice following oral administration of selected pesticides. Bull. Environ. Contam Toxicol 20:423-431, 1978. 156 References Consulted and Suggested

References Consulted and Suggested

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values, Cincinnati, 1980. Berg, G. L. (ed), Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Pub. Co, Willoughby, Ohio, 1983. Caswell, R. L., Debold, K. J., Gilbert, L. S. (eds): Pesticide Handbook (Entoma), 29th edition. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, 1981. Clayton, G. D., Clayton, F. E. (eds): Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 3rd edition, Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C. Wiley, New York, 1982. Council on Environmental Quality: Chemical Hazards to Human Reproduction. USGPO, Washington, 1981. Doull, J., Klassen, C. D., Amdur, M. O. (eds): Casarett and Doull's Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons, 2nd edition. Macmillan, New York, 1980. Driesbach, R. H.: Handbook of Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment, 7th edition. Lange, Los Altos, California, 1971. Finkel, A. J.: Hamilton and Hardy's Industrial Toxicology, 4th edition. Wright, Boston, 1983. Gosselin, R. E., Hodge, H. c., Smith, R. P., Gleason, M. N.: Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 4th edition. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1976. Hayes, W. H.: Pesticides Studied in Man. William & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1982. Key, M. M., Henschel, A. F., Butler, J., Ligo, R. N., Tabershaw, I. R., Ede, L. (eds): Occupational Diseases: A Guide to Their Recognition. USGPO, Washington, 1977. Lefevre, M. J.: First Aid Manual for Chemical Accidents. Dowden Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 1980. Morgan, D. P.: Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, 3rd edition. USGPO, Washington, 1982. Sax, N. I.: Cancer Causing Chemicals. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1981. Sax, N. I.: Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 5th edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1979. Sittig, M.: Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals. Noyes, Park Ridge, New Jer• sey, 1981. Sittig, M. (ed): Pesticide Manufacturing and Toxic Materials Control Encyclopedia. Noyes, Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1980. USDHHSjUSDOL, NIOSH, OSHA: Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards, NIOSH, 1981. USDHHS, PHS, CDC, NIOSH: Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. USGPO, Washington, 1983. USDHHS: Third Annual Report on Carcinogenesis. USGPO, Washington, 1982. Weiss, G. (ed): Hazardous Chemicals Data Book. Noyes, Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1980. Windholz, M., Budavari, S., Stroumtsos, L. Y., Fertig, M. N. (eds) The Merck Index. Merck, Rahway, New Jersey, 1976. References Consulted and Suggested 157

Series

International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, IARC, Lyon. USDHHS, PHS, CDC, NIOSH: Criteria for Recommended Standards, USGPO, Wash• ington, D.C. USEPA: Pesticide Registration Standards, NTIS or USGPO, Washington, D.C. US EPA: Surveillance Indices, Freedom ofInformation Office, USEPA Office of Pesti• cide Programs. See Appendix 2. USEPA: Tox One-liners, Freedom of Information Office, USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs. See Appendix 2. WHO: Pesticide Residue Series, WHO, Geneva

Journals

Annals of Occupational Hygiene Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Archives of Environmental Health British Journal ofIndustrial Medicine Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology Bulletin of the National Clearinghouse of Poison Control Centers Food and Cosmetic Toxicology Journal ofIndustrial Hygiene Toxicology Residue Reviews Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Specific pesticides can be researched through the use of Pesticide Abstracts, a citation index.

Data Bases

TOXLINE/TOXBACK CANCER LIT POISINDEX CSIN CTCP RTECS MEDLINE EMIC TDB PESTAB ETIC Index

This index contains an alphabetical list of all pesticide ingredients and classes of ingre• dients discussed in this book. Active and inert ingredient names have been used rather than chemical names because ingredients are usuaIly referred to, both on the labels and in discussions of health effects, by their active or inert ingredient names. Often the chemical name is the same as the active ingredient name, e.g., carbon tetrachloride. Trade names have been included only if they are commonly used in place of the active ingredient name. Trade names are capitalized and the symbol ® foIlows the names. Frequently used synonyms are included in this index. The synonyms are foIlowed, in parentheses, by the active ingredient name which wiIl usuaIly appear on a label, or in the case of an inert ingredient, by the most commonly used inert ingredient name. For example, chlorophenothane is a synonym for the more commonly used active ingredi• ent name DDT. It appears as foIlows in the index: chlorophenothane (DDT). The number foIlowing each entry refers to the page where the health discussion for that ingredient begins. The index is set up strictly alphabeticaIly, regardless of how names are divided. For example: ethyl acetate ethylene glycol ethylmercuric salicylate ethyl ~arathion The designations of chemical position preceding a name are not used as the first letter of the name in the alphabetization of the index. For example, O-dichlorobenzene is listed under "d" for dichlorobenzene.

ace ph ate 97 Akton® 97 acetanilide class 6 6 acetic ester (ethyl acetate) 59 alcohols (aliphatic) class II acetic ether (ethyl acetate) 59 aldicarb 30 acetone 8 aldrin 94 acetonitrile 9 aliphatic alcohol class II 38 aliphatic petroleum derivatives 107 acrolein 10 aIlethrin 118 acrylonitrile 42 aluminum phosphide 112 Agent White () 113 ametryn 137 160 Index aminocarb 30 bipyridyl class 26 amitraz 65 bismethyl mercuric sulfate 80 aminotriazole (amitrole) 13 Bomyl® 97 amitrole 13 boracic acid (boric acid) 28 ammonium arsonate 17 bordeaux powder (copper sulfate) 40 ammonium sulfamate 14 boric acid 28 anabasine 90 brodifacoum 15 anilazine 137 bromadiolone 15 anticoagulant class 15 1,2-bromoethane (ethylene dibromide) ANTU 16 68 aprocarb (propoxur) 30 bromo methane (methyl bromide) 68 Aramite® 101 bromophos 97 aromatic petroleum derivatives 107 24 arsenate: sodium, calcium, lead 17 bromoxynil octanoate 24 arsenic acid I 7 bufencarb 30 arsenical class I 7 butachlor 6 arsenic pentoxide 17 n-butanol II arsenic trioxide 17 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate 42 arsenite: sodium, calcium, copper 17 butralin 54 arsonate: ammonium, calcium, and butylate 132 sodium salts 17 Aspon® 97 30 17 atraton 137 calcium acid methanearsonate 17 137 calcium arsenate 17 azinophosmethyl 97 calcium arsenite 17 aziprotryn 137 calcium arsonate 17 calcium cyanide 42 CAMA (calcium acid methanearsonate) barban 30 17 barthrin 118 camphechlor (toxaphene) 94 bendiocarb 30 captafol 36 benefin 54 captan 36 54 carbamate class 30 benomyl 30 carbaryl 30 bensophos (phosalone) 97 carbofuran 30 97 carbolic acid (phenol) 110 131 carbon dichloride (perchloroethylene) 68 benzene 20 carbon disulfide 33 benzene hexachloride 94 carbon tetrachloride 68 ,),-benzene hexachloride (lindane) 94 carbophenthion 97 benzoic acid 22 carboxin 6 benzoic acid class 22 Ceresan® 80 benzonitrile class 24 chloramben 22 4-benzothienyl-N-methylcarbamate 30 chlorallychloride (1 ,3-dichloropropene) BHC (benzene hexachloride) 94 68 ,),-BHC (lindane) 94 chlorbromuron 140 binapacryl 92 chlordane 94 bioresmethrin 118 chlordecone 94 Index 161 chlordimeform 65 cyclohexane 44 Chlorfenson ® 10 1 cyclohexanone 45 chlorfenvinphos 97 cycloheximide 46 chloridazon (pyrazon) 117 cyhexatin 102 chlorinated camphene (toxaphene) 94 cypermethrin 118 chlormephos 97 chlormequat 35 chloroalkyl thio class 36 2,4-D 38 chlorobenzilate 94 2,4-DB 38 chloroethane (1,1, I-trichloroethane) 68 dalapon 47 chloroform 68 DBCP (dibromochloropropane) 68 chi oro methyl oxirane (epichlorohydrin) DCPA 22 58 D-D® 68 chlorophacinone 15 DDD(TDE) 94 chlorophenamidine (chlordimeform) 65 DDT 94 chlorophenothane (DDT) 94 DDVP (dichlorvos) 97 chlorophenoxyacetic acid 38 decamethrin 118 chlorophenoxy class 38 DEET 48 chloropicrin 68 DEF® 97 chloropropylate 94 demeton 97 chlorothalonil 24 demeton methyl 97 140 demeton-O-methyl sulfoxide chlorphoxim 97 (oxydemeton-methyl) 97 chlorpropham 30 derris (rotenone) 122 chlorpyrifos 97 desmetryn 137 chlorthiamid 22 DFP 97 chlorthiophos 97 dialifor (dialifos) 97 140 dialifos 97 copper acetoarsenate 17 diallate 132 copper aceto-meta-arsenite (paris green) Diazinon ® 97 17 dibromochloropropane 68 copper arsenite 17 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide) copper sulfate 40 68 coumachlor 15 22 coumafene (warfarin) 15 dicapthon 97 coumafuryl 15 dicarboximides (chloroalkyl thios) 36 coumaphos 97 dichlobenil 24 coumatetralyl 15 a-dichlorobenzene 49 crotoxyphos 97 p-dichlorobenzene 50 crufomate 97 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride) cube (rotenone) 122 68 137 dichloroethyl ether 52 cyanide class 42 dichloromethane (methylene chloride) cyanoethylene (acrylonitrile) 42 68 cyanofenphos 97 1,2-dichloropropane (propylene cyanogen chloride 42 dichloride) 68 cyanomethane (acetonitrile) 9 1,3-dicyhloropropene 68 cyanophos 97 dichlorvos 97 cycloate 132 diclofenthion 97 162 Index diclofop methyl 38 edifenphos 97 dicloran 54 endosulfan 94 dicofol 94 57 dicophane (DDT) 94 endothion 97 dicrotophos 97 endrin 94 Dicumarol ® 15 epichlorohydrin 58 dieldrin 94 EPBP 97 dienochlor 94 EPN 97 diethylbenzamide (DEET) 48 epoxyethane (ethylene oxide) 60 diethyltoluamide (DEET) 48 EPTC 132 difenacoum 15 ethanenitrile (acetonitrile) 9 difenoxuron 140 ethanol 11 difenson (chlorfenson) 101 ethazol (etridiazole) 131 diflubenzuron 140 ethion 97 diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) 97 ethoprop 97 dimefox 97 ethyl acetate 59 dimephenthoate (phenthoate) 97 ethylan 94 dimetan 30 ethylene dibromide 68 dimethoate 97 ethylene dichloride 68 dimethrin 118 ethylene glycol II dimethylarsinic acid (cacodylic acid) 17 ethylene oxide 60 dimethyl ketone (acetone) 8 ethylene trichloride (trichloroethylene) 68 dimethyl sulfoxide 53 ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) 59 dinitroamine 54 ethyl formate 61 dinitroaniline class 54 ethylmercuriothio salicylate 80 dinitroorthocresol 92 ethyl mercury 80 dinitrophenol 92 ethyl parathion (parathion) 97 dinobuton 92 ETO (ethylene oxide) 60 dinocap 92 etridiazole 131 92 eugenol 62 dioxacarb 30 dioxane 55 dioxathion 97 famphur 97 diphacinone 15 fenac 22 diphenamid 56 fenamiphos 97 26 fenbutatin oxide 102 diquat dibromide (diquat) 26 fenitrothion 97 disodium methanearsonate 17 fenopropathrin 118 disulfoton 97 fenson 101 diuron 140 fensulfothion 97 DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) 53 fenthion 97 DNC (dinitroorthocresol) 92 fen tin acetate 102 DNOC (dinitroorthocresol) 92 fen tin chloride 102 DNP (dinitrophenol) 92 fentin hydroxide 102 dodecylammonium methanearsonate 17 fenuron 140 DSMA (disodium methanearsonate) 17 fen valerate 118 ferbam 132 fluchloralin 54 EDB (ethylene dibromide) 68 flucythrinate 118 EDC (ethylene dichloride) 68 fluometuron 140 Index 163 fluvalinate 118 kerosene 76 folpet 36 fonophos 97 formaldehyde 63 Landrin® 30 formamidine class 65 lead arsenate 17 formetanate 65 leptophos 97 formothion 97 ligroin (petroleum ether) 109 fosthietan 97 lindane 94 140 glycerol formal 67 MAA (methane arsonic acid) 17 magnesium phosphide 112 halocarbon fumigant class 68 malathion 97 HCH (benzene hexachloride) 94 maleic anhydride 78 'Y-HCH (lindane) 94 maleic hydrazide 79 heptachlor 94 MAMA (monoammonium methane hexachlorobenzene 73 arsonate) 17 hexachlorocyclohexane (benzene maneb 132 hexachloride) 94 MCPA 38 'Y-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) 94 MCPB 38 hexachlorophene 74 MCPP 38 hexamethylene (cyclohexane) 44 (MCPP) 38 137 mephosfolan 97 hydrogen cyanide 42 mercurial class 80 hydrogen phosphide (phosphine) 112 mercuric chloride 80 hydroxybenzene (phenol) 110 mercuriothiolate (ethyl mercuriothio salicylate) 80 mercurous chloride 80 IBP 97 Merphos® 97 iodofenfos (jodfenfos) 97 metalaxyl 82 ioxynil 24 metaldehyde 83 isobenzan 94 methabenzthiazuron 140 isobornyl thiocyanoacetate 42 metham 132 isofenphos 97 methamidophos 97 isofluorphage (DFP) 97 methane arsonic acid 17 isolan 30 methanol 11 isomethiozin 137 methidathion 97 isophorone 75 methiocarb 30 isoprocarb 30 methomyl 30 isopropalin 54 methoprotryne 137 isopropanol 11 methoxychlor 94 m-isopropylphenyl-N-methyl carbamate methoxy-DDT (methoxychlor) 94 30 2-methoxyethyl mercuric chloride 80 isoproturon 140 methyl n-amyl ketone 85 isoxathion 97 methyl benzene (toluene) 135 methyl bromide 68 methyl n-butyl ketone 85 jasmolin 118 methyl chloroform (1,1,1- jodfenfos 97 trichloroethane) 68 164 Index methyl cyanide (acetonitrile) 9 neburon 140 methyl demeton (demeton-methyl) 97 neonicotine (anabasine) 90 methylene chloride 68 nephocarp (carbophenothion) 97 methylene dichloride (methylene nicotine 90 chloride) 68 nicotine class 90 methyl ethyl ketone 85 nicouline (rotenone) 122 methyl formate 84 nitralin 54 methyl isoamyl ketone 85 nitrochloroform (chloropicrin) 68 methyl isobutyl ketone 85 92 methyl ketone class 85 class 92 methyl mercury 80 nornicotine 90 methyl methacrylate (monomer) 86 methyl nonyl ketone 85 methyloxirane (propylene oxide) 116 OBPA 17 methyl parathion 97 octachlorocamphene (toxaphene) 94 methyl propyl ketone 85 organochlorine class 94 methyl sulfoxide (dimethyl sulfoxide) 53 organophosphate class 97 methyl systox 97 organosulfur class 101 Methyl Trithion® 97 organotin class 102 metobromuron 140 oryzalin 54 6 ovex (chlorfenson) 101 metoxuron 140 oxamyl 30 137 oxirane (ethylene oxide) 60 mevinphos 97 oxycarboxin 6 mexacarbate 30 oxydemeton methyl 97 mineral spirits 87 oxyfluorfen 103 mipafox 97 mirex 94 molinate 132 paraffins (aliphatic petroleum monoammonium methanearsonate 17 derivatives) 107 monobromomethane (methyl bromide) 26 68 paraquat dichloride (paraquat) 26 monocrotophos 97 parathion 97 140 parathion methyl 97 monosodium methanearsonate 17 paris green 17 monuron 140 PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene) 104 MSMA (monosodium methane arsonate) PCP (pentachlorophenol) 105 17 PDB (p-dichlorobenzene) 50 PDCB (p-dichlorobenzene) 50 pebulate 132 NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) 88 (penoxalin) 54 nabam 132 penoxalin 54 naled 97 pentachloronitrobenzene 104 naphthalene 88 pentachlorophenol 105 naphthalene acetic acid 88 perchlorobenzene (hexachlorobenzene) naphthalene class 88 73 1,8-naphthalic anhydride 88 perchloroethylene 68 naphthyl acetic acid (naphthalene acetic perchloromethane (carbon tetrachloride) acid) 88 68 I-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) 16 permethrin 118 Index 165 petroleum distillate 107 propoxur 30 petroleum distillate class 107 propylene dichloride 68 petroleum ether 109 propylene oxide 116 PHC (propoxur) 30 pro tho ate 97 phencapton 97 Pyramat® 30 phencyclocarb 30 pyrazon 117 phenmedipham 30 pyrazophos 97 phenol 110 pyrethrin 118 phenothrin 118 pyrethrin and pyrethroid class 118 phenthoate 97 pyridaphenthion 97 phenyl mercury acetate 80 120 phenyl methane (toluene) 135 pyriminil 140 o-phenylphenol III Pyrolan® 30 phorate 97 pyrophosphate 97 phorazetim 97 phosalone 97 phosfolan 97 quinalphos 97 phosmet 97 phosphamide (dimethoate) 97 phosphamidon 97 red squill 121 phosphide 112 resmethrin 118 phosphine 112 ronnel 97 phosphine and phosphide class 112 rotenone 122 phoxim 97 rubber solvent 123 phthalimides (chloroalkyl thio class) 36 picloram 113 pindone 15 schradan 97 piperonyl butoxide 114 siduron 140 pirimicarb 30 137 pirimiphos ethyl 97 simetryn 137 pirimiphos methyl 97 sodium arsenate 17 2-pivalyl-1 ,3-indandione (pindone) 15 sodium arsenite 17 PMA (phenyl mercury acetate) 80 sodium arson ate 17 polychlorinated camphene (toxaphene) sodium chlorate 124 94 sodium flu oro acetate 125 profenfos 97 stirofos 97 profluralin 54 stoddard solvent 126 promecarb 30 strychnine 127 137 sulfotepp 97 prometryn 137 sulfur dioxide 128 pronamide 115 sulfuryl fluoride 129 6 sulprofos 97 6 propaphos 97 propargite 101 2,4,5-T 38 propazine 137 tar camphor (naphthalene) 88 propenenitrile (acrylonitrile) 42 TBA 22 propetamphos 97 TCBA (TBA) 22 propham 30 TCDD 38 propineb 30 TDE 94 166 Index 140 trichlorfon 97 temephos 97 2,3,6,-trichlorobenzoic acid (TBA) 22 TEPP 97 1,1, I-trichloroethane 68 terbucarb 30 trichloroethene (trichloroethylene) 68 terbufos 97 trichloroethylene 68 137 trichloromethane (chloroform) 68 terbu tryn 137 trichloronate 97 terephthalic acid (DCPA) 22 trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) 68 tetrachlorodiphenylethane (TDE) 94 trietazine 137 tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) 54 68 triforine 139 tetrachloromethane (carbon triphenyltin acetate (fentin acetate) 102 tetrachloride) 68 triphenyltin hydroxide (fentin hydroxide) tetrachlorvinphos 97 102 tetradifon 101 tubatoxin (rotenone) 122 tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) 97 tetrafluoron 140 tetramethrin 118 class 140 tetrasul 101 thiabendazole 130 varnish makers' and painters' naphtha thiadiazin class 131 142 thidiazuron 140 vernolate 132 thimersal (ethylmercuriothio salicylate) vinyl cyanide (acrylonitrile) 42 80 V M & P (varnish makers' and painters' thiomerosalate (ethylmercuriothio naphtha) 142 salicylate) 80 thiocarbamate class 132 thiometon 97 warfarin 15 thiophanate-methyl 30 white arsenic (arsenic trioxide) 17 thiram 132 timet (phorate) 97 toluene 135 xylene 143 toxaphene 94 xylene range aromatic solvents 107 2,4,5-TP 38 d-transallethrin 118 triallate 132 zinc phosphide 112 triazine class 137 zineb 132 triazophos 97 ziram 132