Classification of Herbicides According to Mechanism of Action, Chemical Family, and Herbicide Group

HRAC WSSA Photosystem ΙΙ Inhibitors HRAC Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) WSSA HRAC WSSA C1 Aminooxotriazolinecarboxamide 5 C1 Pyrimidinediamine 5 C2 Chlorophenyl propionamide 7 C2 Phenylurea 7 or Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase (AHAS) Inhibitors Mitosis Inhibitors 2 B Benzoyltriazinediol B Phenoxypyrimidinediol 2 B Sulfonylaminocarbonyl- 2 K3 Benzothiazolyloxyacetamide 15 K3 Diphenylacetamide 15 K3 Sulfonylisoxazoline 15 K1 Benzamide 3 K1 Dinitroaniline 3 K1 Terephthalic acid 3 triazolinone

O O O H NNN H O 2 2 Cl O H2N O O O O O O OH N NH S O H N 2 NH2 HO N HO N O N •S 2 N N N N O H S N O N H • N NH O N 2 HO O N H NH N N NH 2 O N Bromuron, Buturon, Chlorbromuron, Chloreturon, O Chlorotoluron = Chlortoluron, Chloroxuron, Defenuron, OH OH Difenoxuron, Diuron, Fenuron, Fluometuron, O NH2 O Fluothiuron, Isoproturon, Linuron, Metobenzuron, Flucarbazone, Propoxycarbazone, N+ N+ Metobromuron, Metoxuron, Monolinuron, Monuron, Bispyribac, Pyribambenz-isopropyl, Thiencarbazone-methyl Mefenacet Diphenamid Fenoxasulfone, Pyroxasulfone Propyzamide = Pronamide - - Chlorthal Pyribenzoxim, Pyriminobac O O Amicarbazone Iprymidam, Tioclorim Propanil Neburon, Parafluron, Siduron, Tetrafluron Triafamone B Sulfonylurea 2 K3 Carbamoylmethylphos- 15 K3 Naphthoxyisopropionamide 15 K3 Sulfonyltriazole- 15 K1 Benzyl propionamide 3 K2 Carbanilic acid 23 C1 Aminotriazinedione 5 C1 Triazinediamine 5 C2 Chlorophenyl valeramide 7 C2 Thiadiazolylurea 7 B Oxoimidazolinylbenzoic acid 2 B Phenylhydroxymethyl- 2 phorodithioic acid carboxamide pyrimidinediol O S O H2NNN H2 O N NH •S N 2 N N NH2 O N N H O H S O OH O H2N O N NH2 O N HO N P O N N Cl S NH2 H2N N Buthiuron, Ethidimuron, OH S • N O HO H Benfluralin = Benefin, Butralin, Ametryn = Ametryne, Atraton, Atrazine, Aziprotryne = Tebuthiuron, Thiazafluron Amidosulfuron, Azimsulfuron, Bensulfuron- O N N N N Chlornidine, Dinitramine, Dipropalin, O N O Aziprotryn, Chlorazine, CP 17029, Cyanatryn, H O H methyl, Chlorimuron, Chlorsulfuron, H C3 Benzothiadiazinanonedioxide 6 O Cyanazine, Cyprazine, Desmetryn = Desmetryne, HO Cinosulfuron, Cyclosulfamuron, Ethalfluralin, Fluchloralin, Isopropalin, O OH Dimethametryn, Dipropetryn, Eglinazine, Fucaojing, O Ethametsulfuron-methyl, Ethoxysulfuron, Methalpropalin, Nitralin, Oryzalin, OH N Ipazine, Mesoprazine, Methometon, Methoprotryne = Flazasulfuron, Flucetosulfuron, Flupyrsulfuron- Pendimethalin, Prodiamine, H Methoprotryn, Procyazine, Proglinazine, Prometon, NH methyl-sodium, Foramsulfuron, Anilofos, Piperophos Naproanilide, Napropamide Cafenstrole, Epronaz Tebutam = Butam Profluralin, Prosulfalin, Trifluralin Prometryn = Prometryne, Propazine, Sebuthylazine, S O Halosulfuron-methyl, Imazosulfuron, K3 Chloroacetamide 15 K3 Phenyloxotetrazoline- 15 K3 Thiadiazolyloxyacetamide 15 K1 Difluoromethyltrifluoro- 3 K1 Phosphoramidothioic acid 3 N Secbumeton, Simazine, Simeton, Simetryn = H O Iodosulfuron, Iofensulfuron, Mesosulfuron, carboxamide methylpyridine Simetryne, Terbumeton, Terbuthylazine, Erlujixiancaoan, Monalide, Metazosulfuron, Methiopyrisulfuron, Ametridione, Hexazinone Terbutryn = Terbutryne, Trietazine Pentanochlor = Solan Bentazone = Bentazon Imazamethabenz Pyrimisulfan Metsulfuron-methyl, Monosulfuron, Nicosulfuron, C1 Aminotriazinone 5 C1 Uracil 5 C2 Isoxazolylurea 7 C3 Dibromohydroxybenzaldehyde oxime 6 B Oxoimidazolinylnicotinic 2 B Phenylthiopyrimidinediol 2 Orthosulfamuron, Oxasulfuron, Primisulfuron, Propyrisulfuron, Prosulfuron, Pyrazosulfuron, F F Br acid N O F S NH Rimsulfuron, Sulfometuron, Sulfosulfuron, N S 2 H O O N NN OON O N N F F HO Thifensulfuron-methyl = Thiameturon-methyl, N NH2 H2N POH NH Triasulfuron, Tribenuron, Trifloxysulfuron, O N N NH N N 2 2 OH O HN H N Triflusulfuron-methyl, Tritosulfuron, Cl O O Br OH Zuomihuanglong NH2 Amibuzin, Ethiozin, Isomethiozin, N N HO N S B Triazolopyrimidinesulfonamide 2 Metamitron, Metribuzin Bromacil, Isocil, Lenacil, Terbacil Isouron, Monisouron = Monisuron Bromofenoxim Barban, BCPC, Carbetamide, CEPC, C1 Carbamoyloxycarbanilic acid 5 C2 Benzothiazolylurea 7 C2 Oxooxadiazolylphenylurea 7 C3 Dihalohydroxybenzonitrile 6 N N Amiprophos, Butamifos, Chlorbufam, Chlorpropham, CPPC, O H Fentrazamide Flufenacet Dithiopyr, Thiazopyr DMPA, Shuangjiaancaolin Propham, Swep O Cl / Br / I HO O O H O S N N OH N K3 Phenyloxotriazoline- 15 K3 Trifluoromethane- 15 O NH2 NH OH N 2 S NH2 carboxamide sulfonanilide HRAC WSSA N N N H2N O N OH O Cellulose Inhibitors H N H O N O N L Dichlorobenzonitrile 20 L Isoxazolyl benzamide 21 L Phenyltriazolecarboxamide 28 O Cl / Br / I Chlorprocarb, Desmedipham, Benzthiazuron, Phenisopham, Phenmedipham Methabenzthiazuron = Methibenzuron Dimefuron Bromobonil, Bromoxynil, Chloroxynil, Iodobonil, Ioxynil N F Cloransulam, Diclosulam, Florasulam, F C1 Phenyl aminopyridazone 5 C2 Chlorophenyl acrylamide 7 C2 Phenylthiourea 7 C3 Phenylpyridazinol 6 Acetochlor, Alachlor, Allidochlor = N NH O Cl Imazamox, Imazapic, Imazapyr, Flumetsulam, Metosulam, N 2 CDAA, Butachlor, Butenachlor, CDEA, F S N N N NN Imazaquin, Imazethapyr Pyriftalid, Pyrithiobac Penoxsulam, Pyroxsulam N O S N Cl Delachlor, Diethatyl, Dimethachlor, O O O H NH2 H2N N Dimethenamid-P, Ethachlor, N NH2 N N Ethaprochlor, Metazachlor, Pethoxamid, Cl O H EnolpyruvylShikimate-3-Phosphate H O OH HRAC WSSA Pretilachlor, Propachlor, Propisochlor, Prynachlor, S-metolachlor, O O Brompyrazon, Chloridazon = Pyrazon Chloranocryl = Dicryl Methiuron Pyridafol, Pyridate (EPSP) Synthase Inhibitors Terbuchlor, Thenylchlor, Xylachlor Ipfencarbazone Mefluidide, Perfluidone Dichlobenil N Flupoxam G Phosphonomethylglycinamide 9 G Phosphonomethylglycine 9 L Dichlorobenzothioamide 20 N L Fluoromethyltriazine- 29 H HRAC WSSA diamine Photosystem Ι Inhibitors O O O O D 22 H H NH Pyridinium N P P N Cl S 2 H N OH HO OH HRAC Fatty Acid and Lipid WSSA + 2 OH NH OH N N NH2 Biosynthesis Inhibitors F H N N Cyperquat, Diethamquat, Diquat, Morfamquat, Paraquat Huangcaoling Glyphosate Cl 2 N Phosphorodithioic acid 8 N Thiocarbamic acid 8 N Dihydrobenzofuranyl sulfonate 16 HRAC WSSA Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPG oxidase or Protox) Inhibitors Chlorthiamid Isoxaben Indaziflam, Triaziflam HRAC WSSA E Bipyrazole 14 E Phenyliminothiadiazolidone 14 E Phenyloxazolidinedione 14 E Phenyltriazolinone 14 Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors

O O O H Hydroxy methylphosphinoylhomoalaninamide 10 H Hydroxy methylphosphinoylhomoalanine 10 N S S O O NH H N SH O N N N 2 HRAC WSSA NH HN O HO P SH Synthetic Auxins N N NH S N • OH O O O O O O O Azafenidin, Bencarbazone, P P Pyraclonil Fluthiacet Pentoxazone Carfentrazone-ethyl, Sulfentrazone OH O Chlorobenzoic acid 4 O 4 Chloropicolinic acid 4 NH2 Butylate, Cycloate, Di-allate = Diallate, Chlorophenoxyiso- O E Nitrophenoxybenzene 14 E Phenyliminothiadiazoline 14 E Phenylpyrazole 14 E Phenyltrifluoromethylpyridazone 14 OH OH propionamide NH2 NH2 Dimepiperate, EPTC, Esprocarb, F N Ethiolate, Isopolinate, Methiobencarb, O Molinate, Orbencarb, Pebulate, F N O NO Prosulfocarb, Thiobencarb, Tiocarbazil, OH O O F Bilanafos Glufosinate-ammonium Bensulide Tri-allate = Triallate, Vernolate Benfuresate, Ethofumesate Cl + H O NH2 OH N N N N Cl O- HN Cl Flufenpyr Acetyl CoA Carboxylase S N HRAC WSSA HRAC WSSA O E Phenyltrifluoromethyluracil 14 Unknown 2,3,6-TBA, Chloramben, Aminopyralid, Halauxifen, O (ACCase) Inhibitors Dicamba, Tricamba Clomeprop Clopyralid, Picloram F HN Z Organic arsenic 17 Z Benzyloxyoxabicycloheptane 26 Z Methyldithiocarbamic acid 26 A Hydroxyoxocyclohexenecarbaldehyde oxime 1 A Hydroxyphenoxyisopropionic acid 1 O Chlorooxobenzo- 4 O Chlorophenoxyisopropionic 4 O Chloropyridyloxyacetic 4 Acifluorfen, Bifenox, Chlomethoxyfen, Chlornitrofen, F N thiazolylacetic acid acid acid Etnipromid, Fluorodifen, Fluoroglycofen, F O Fluoronitrofen, Fomesafen, Fucaomi, Furyloxyfen, O S O Cl O O O O N Halosafen, Lactofen, Nitrofen, Fluazolate, Nipyraclofen, Benzfendizone, Butafenacil, Flupropacil, O O H4As O O Nitrofluorfen, Oxyfluorfen Thidiazimin Pyraflufen-ethyl Saflufenacil, Tiafenacil N SH N OH HO H OH N Cl OH OH E Phenylimidazolidinedione 14 E Phenyloxadiazolone 14 E Phenylpyrroledione 14 E Trifluoromethylphenoxy- 14 OH O O OH Cl O chlorobenzene S O O Chlorazifop, Clodinafop, Clofop, Cyhalofop-butyl, Diclofop, N O N Alloxydim, Butroxydim, Clethodim, Cloproxydim, Cycloxydim, Fenoxaprop-P, Fenthiaprop, Fluazifop-P, Haloxyfop-P, 3,4-DP, 4-CPP, Cloprop, Dichlorprop-P, NH N F CMA, DSMA, MAA, MAMA, MSMA Cinmethylin Dazomet, Metam = Metham Profoxydim, Sethoxydim, Tepraloxydim, Tralkoxydim Kuicaoxi, Propaquizafop, Quizalofop-P, Trifop, Trifopsime Benazolin Fenoprop, Mecoprop Fluroxypyr, Triclopyr N F Cl O O Z 26 Z 26 Z 1 1 O Chlorophenoxyacetic acid 4 O Chlorophenylacetic acid 4 O Chloropyrimidinecarboxylic 4 Chlorphthalim, Cinidon-ethyl, Flumiclorac, F Benzanilide Benzylurea Pelargonic acid 26 A Hydroxyphenoxyisopropionamide A Phenyloxopyrazolinyl formate acid Profluazol Oxadiargyl, Oxadiazon Flumioxazin, Flumipropyn Ethoxyfen O O HRAC WSSA O O O O NH Cl N O Carotenoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors O O O O F1 Trifluoromethylphenoxybutyramide 12 F1 Trifluoromethylphenylfuranone 12 F2 Dioxocyclohexanecarbaldehyde 27 F2 Pyrazolecarbaldehyde 27 NH N N NH Cl N H NH OH 2 O H 2 HO OH OH OH F O F F F N O Cl O O F O F NH2 HN O

O Etobenzanid Cumyluron, Daimuron, Methyldymron Oleic acid, Pelargonic acid Isoxapyrifop, Metamifop Pinoxaden 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, 3,4-DA, 4-CPA, MCPA Chlorfenac = Fenac Aminocyclopyrachlor O Fenquinotrione, Ketospiradox, Mesotrione, Benzofenap, Pyrasulfotole, Pyrazolynate, Z Benzyl butyramide 26 Z Carbamoylphosphonic acid 26 Z Phenyl pyridylthiocarbamate 26 O Chlorophenoxybutyric acid 4 O Chlorophenylpropionic acid 4 O Chloroquinolinecarboxylic 4 Beflubutamid Flurtamone Sulcotrione, Tefuryltrione, Tembotrione Pyrazoxyfen, Tolpyralate, Topramezone HRAC WSSA acid F1 Trifluoromethylphenoxypyridine- 12 F1 Trifluoromethylphenylpyridone 12 F2 Isoxazolecarbaldehyde 27 F3 Phenoxynitroaniline 11 Dihydropteroate Synthetase Inhibitors O HO O carboxamide I Sulfanilylcarbamic acid 18 N+ O O - H2N O S O O O O Cl N P ONH2 N O Cl H H2N OH F O HO OH N N O OH Cl OH N O NH2 H F S N O HN H F F O O Aclonifen O F3 Triazolamine 11 N F F N O NH Bromobutide Fosamine Pyributicarb Asulam, Carbasulam, Fenasulam 2,4,5-TB, 2,4-DB, 3,4-DB, 4-CPB, MCPB Chlorfenprop Quinclorac, Quinmerac HN 2 Z Benzyldihydrooxazinone 26 Z Fluorenecarboxylic acid 26 Z Pyrazolium 26 N HRAC WSSA HRAC WSSA OOH Oxidative Phosphorylation Uncouplers Auxin Transport Inhibitors Diflufenican, Flufenican, Picolinafen Fluridone Isoxachlortole, Isoxaflutole Amitrole F1 Trifluoromethylphenyl 12 F1 Trifluoromethylphenylpyrrolidone 12 F2 Oxobicyclooctenecarbaldehyde 27 F4 Isoxazolidone 13 M Dinitrophenol 24 P Phthalamic acid 19 P Semicarbazonomethylnicotinic acid 19 NH aminopyridazone F ON O O O O O F O + H NH + + O N N N F O O - - N O O O NH2 OH O N N F OH N H N OH N N NH2 2 F H O F Dinofenate, Dinoprop, Dinosam, Dinoseb, O Metflurazon, Norflurazon Flurochloridone = Fluorochloridone Benzobicyclon, Bicyclopyrone Clomazone Oxaziclomefone Chlorflurenol = Chlorflurecol Difenzoquat Dinoterb, DNOC, Etinofen, Medinoterb Naptalam Diflufenzopyr

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/wre.12153/abstract Cite this poster as: Forouzesh, Abed., Zand, Eskandar., Soufizadeh, Saeid., & Samadi Foroushani, Sadegh. (2015). Classificationhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/wre.12153/abstract of herbicides according to chemical familyhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/wre.12153/abstract for weed resistance management strategies–an update. Weed Research. doi: 10.1111/wre.12153http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/wre.12153/abstract The colors have been compiled from Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) Designed and Produced by: SAMADI FOROUSHANI & FOROUZESH