DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0065579 A1 Sievernich Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0065579 A1 Sievernich Et Al US 2011 0065579A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0065579 A1 Sievernich et al. (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 17, 2011 (54) HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ SO4/128 Syrgos TE, GLUFOSINATE OR THEIR (57) ABSTRACT The present invention relates to a herbicidal composition (75) Inventors: Bernd Sievernich, Hassloch (DE); which comprises: William Karl Moberg, Hassloch a) at least one herbicide A selected from glyphosate, glufosi (DE);DE): Anja Simon, Weinheim- 0 bia nerb1c1de SEE's 3 win1cn 1S 3-lo-(d1Iluoromeunoxy)-1-meunyl 5-(difl thoxy)-1-methyl (DE);( ); HelmutRichard Walter, R. Evans, Obrigheim Raleigh 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-4-ylmethylsulfonyl-4,5-dihyyl)py y y y y NC (US) s s dro-5,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole common name: pyroxasul fone. The ppresent invention relates in pparticular to a herbicidal (73) Assignee: BASF SE composition comprising: a) at least one herbicide A selected from glyphosate, glufosi (21) Appl. No.: 12/992,096 nate and their salts, b) a herbicide B which is 3-5-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl (22) PCT Filed: May 20, 2009 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-4-ylmethylsulfonyl-4,5-dihy dro-5,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole common name: pyroxasul (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP09/56105 fone, and - 0 c) at least one further herbicide C, which is selected from the S371 (c)(1) herbicide groups C.1 to C.8: s C.1 herbicides of the group of acetolactat SVnthase inhibi (2),2). (4) DateDate: Nov.OW. 11,II, 2010 tors (ALS inhibitors),group y O O C.2 herbicides of the group of protoporphyrinogen oxidase Related U.S. Application Data inhibitors (PPO inhibitors), (60) Provisional application No. 61/055,040, filed on May C.3 herbicides of the group of auxines, 21, 2008, provisional application No. 61/056,622, C.4 herbicides of the group of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate filed on May 28, 2008, provisional application No. dioxygenase inhibitors (HPPD inhibitors), 61/118,895, filed on Dec. 1, 2008. C.5 herbicides of the group of phytoene desaturase inhibi tors (PDS inhibitors), Publication Classification C.6 herbicidesSt. Air of the group off pnotosystemphotosystem 11II 1inhibit 1OS (51) Int. Cl. C.7 herbicides of the group of microtubulin inhibitors, and AOIN 57/20 (2006.01) C.8 herbicides of the group of inhibitors of the synthesis of AOIPI3/00 (2006.01) very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA inhibitors). US 2011/0065579 A1 Mar. 17, 2011 HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING harmful plants, i.e. they should effect damaging of the harm GLYPHOSATE, GLUFOSINATE OR THEIR ful plants more quickly in comparison with application of the SALTS individual herbicides. 0007. These and further objects are achieved by the com positions described hereinafter. 0001. The present invention relates to a herbicidal com 0008. Therefore the present invention relates to a herbi position which comprises at least one herbicide A selected cidal composition comprising: from glyphosate, glufosinate and their salts. The composition 0009 a) at least one herbicide A selected from glyphosate, is particularly useful for preplant burndown. glufosinate and their salts, and 0002 Burndown, i.e. the complete removal of weeds from (0010 b) a herbicide B which is 3-5-(difluoromethoxy)- the Soil by application of herbicides prior to planting or emer 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-4-ylmethylsulfo gance of a crop, is an important tool of modern weed man nyl-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole common agement. Weeds present at planting will generally grow much name: pyroxasulfone. quicker than crop plants and thus compete very early in the 0011. It has been proven particular advantageous to com growing season thereby damaging the crop plants and reduc bine the herbicides A and B with at least one further herbicide ing crop yield. Thus, it is desirable to plant the crop in a C, which is selected from weed-free seedbed or to assure that essentially no weeds are 0012 C.1 herbicides of the group of acetolactate synthase present when the crop emerges. inhibitors (ALS inhibitors), 0003 Glyphosate and its salts are non-selective systemic 0013 C.2 herbicides of the group of protoporphyrinogen herbicides having a good post-emergence activity against oxidase inhibitors (PPO inhibitors), numerous grass weeds. So far, glyphosate is one of the most 0014 C.3 herbicides of the group of auxins, commonly used burndown herbicides. Likewise, glufosinate 0015 C.4 herbicides of the group of 4-hydroxyphe and its salts are non-selective systemic herbicides having a nylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors (HPPD inhibitors), good post-emergence activity against numerous grass weeds 0016 C.5 herbicides of the group of phytoene desaturase and thus can be used in burndown programs. However, Solo inhibitors (PDS inhibitors), application of glyphosate or glufosinate often yields unsatis 0017 C.6 herbicides of the group of photosystem II inhibi factory weed control, and several applications and/or high tors (PSII inhibitors), dosage rates are often required. Moreover, the effectiveness 0018 C.7 herbicides of the group of microtubulin inhibi of glyphosate and glufosinate against difficult-to-control tors, and broadleaf species (hereinafter broadleaves) and rhizomatous 0019 C.8 herbicides of the group of inhibitors of the syn grasses is poor. Therefore, it is frequently recommended to thesis of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA inhibitors). apply glyphosate or glufosinate in combination with at least 0020. Therefore, the present invention relates in particular one second herbicide. Such as 2,4-D, dicamba, triazines Such to a herbicidal composition comprising: as atrazine or metribuzin, chloroacetanilides such as meth 0021 a) at least one herbicide A selected from glyphosate, olachloror dimethenamid (including dimethenamid-P), linu glufosinate and their salts, ron and/or pendimethalin. However, the effectiveness of such 0022 b) a herbicide B which is 3-5-(difluoromethoxy)- combinations is often not satisfactory and high application 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-4-ylmethylsulfo rates are still required to achieve an acceptable control of nyl-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole common grass weeds and broadleaves. Moreover, the reliability of name: pyroxasulfone, and Such combinations depends strongly on the weathering con 0023 c) at least one further herbicide C, which is selected ditions and certain difficult to control weed species may from the herbicide groups C.1 to C.8 as defined herein. escape. In addition, the herbicidal activity of these composi 0024. The invention furthermore relates to the use of a tions persists only for a short time, which allows effective composition as defined herein for controlling undesirable burndown only within a small timeframe prior to planting a Vegetation. When using the compositions of the invention for crop. Moreover, the persistence of the herbicidal activity this purpose the at least one herbicide A and the herbicide B strongly depends upon the weathering conditions. and optionally C can be applied simultaneously or in Succes 0004 U.S. Pat. No. 6,413.909 suggests a composition Sion, where undesirable vegetation may occur. comprising ametryn, atrazin and paraquat for burndowntreat 0025. The invention furthermore relates to the use of a ment. Paraquat, however is rather toxic to mammals and thus composition as defined herein for controlling undesirable its use is restricted by legal regulations. Vegetation for burndown, i.e. for controlling undesirable veg 0005 US 2005/0256004 discloses a herbicidal composi etation in a locus, e.g. a field, where crops will be planted, tion comprising an isoxazoline derivatives and at least one before planting or emergence of the crop. further herbicide. Neither the combination of glyphosate and 0026. The invention furthermore relates to the use of a pyroxasulfone nor the use of Such compositions in a burn composition as defined herein for controlling undesirable down program have been described therein. Vegetation in crops which, by genetic engineering or by 0006 Thus, it is an object of the present invention to breeding, are resistant to one or more herbicides and/or patho provide a herbicidal composition, which allows efficient and gens Such as plant-pathogenous fungi, and/or to attack by reliable control of grass and broadleaf weeds in a burndown insects; preferably resistant to glyphosate or glufosinate, and program. Moreover, the persistence of the herbicidal activity optionally resistant to the one or more optional herbicides C. of the composition should be sufficiently long in order to 0027. The invention furthermore relates to a method for achieve control of the weeds over a sufficient longtime period controlling undesirable vegetation, which comprises apply thus allowing a more flexible application. The composition ing an herbicidal composition according to the present inven should also have a low toxicity to humans or other mammals. tion to the undesirable vegetation. Application can be done The compositions should also show an accelerated action on before, during and/or after, preferably during and/or after, the US 2011/0065579 A1 Mar. 17, 2011 emergence of the undesirable vegetation. The at least one action of combinations of herbicides A+B against undesirable herbicide A, the herbicide B and the optional at least one Vegetation, in particular against difficult to control species, herbicide C can be applied simultaneously or in Succession. and/or show Superior crop compatibility with certain conven 0028. The invention in particular relates to a method for tional crop plants and with herbicide tolerant crop plants, i.e. controlling undesirable vegetation in crops, which comprises their use in these crops leads to a reduced damage of the crop applying plants and/or does not result in increased damage of the crop 0029 a) at least one herbicide A selected from glyphosate, plants. Apart from that, these compositions may also show an glufosinate and their salts, and optionally accelerated action on harmful plants, i.e.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MN2000 FSAC 006 Revised1978.Pdf
    -i .., ,,, (I-,~-- -' d ~-- C:::- ,, AG RIC UL TURAL EXTENSION SERVICE Afr{ ,<"·<,'>· , -> ',' "\, '. '' ~'¥) AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS FACT SHEET No. 6-1978 Chemicals for'Weed Cop: GERALD R. MILLER . \~:::sr" This fact sheet is intended only as a summary of suggested Herbicide names and formulations alternative chemicals for weed control in corn. Label informa­ Common Trade Concentration and tion should be read and followed exactly. For further informa­ name name commercial formulation 1 tion, see Extension Bulletin 400, Cultural and Chemical Weed Control in Field Crops. Alachlor Lasso 4 lb/gal L Lasso 11 15% G Selection of an effective chemical or combination of chemicals Atrazine AAtrex, 80% WP, 4 lb/gal L should be based on consideration of the following factors: others 80%WP -Clearance status of the chemical Atrazine and propachlor AAtram 20% G -Use of the crop Bentazon Basagran 4 lb/gal L -Potential for soil residues that may affect following crops Butylate and protectant Sutan+ 6.7 lb/gal L -Kinds of weeds Cyanazine Bladex 80% WP, 15% G, 4 lb/gal L -Soil texture Dicamba Banvel 4 lb/gal L -pH of soil Dicamba and 2,4-D Banvel-K 1.25 lb/gal dicamba -Amount of organic matter in the soil 2.50 lb/gal 2,4-D -Formulation of the chemical EPTC and protectant Eradicane 6.7 lb/gal L -Application equipment available Linuron Lorox 50%WP -Potential for drift problems Metolachlor Dual 6 lb/gal L Propachlor Bexton, 65% WP, 20% G, 4 lb/gal L Ramrod 2,4-D Several Various 1 G = granular, L = liquid, WP= wettable powder Effectiveness of herbicides on
    [Show full text]
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
    2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid IUPAC (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid name 2,4-D Other hedonal names trinoxol Identifiers CAS [94-75-7] number SMILES OC(COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)=O ChemSpider 1441 ID Properties Molecular C H Cl O formula 8 6 2 3 Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1 Appearance white to yellow powder Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K) Boiling 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg) point Solubility in 900 mg/L (25 °C) water Related compounds Related 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop compounds Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America.[1] 2,4-D is also an important synthetic auxin, often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. History 2,4-D was developed during World War II by a British team at Rothamsted Experimental Station, under the leadership of Judah Hirsch Quastel, aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war.[citation needed] When it was commercially released in 1946, it became the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize (corn), rice, and similar cereal grass crop, because it only kills dicots, leaving behind monocots. Mechanism of herbicide action 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant growth regulators.
    [Show full text]
  • Common and Chemical Names of Herbicides Approved by the WSSA
    Weed Science 2010 58:511–518 Common and Chemical Names of Herbicides Approved by the Weed Science Society of America Below is the complete list of all common and chemical of herbicides as approved by the International Organization names of herbicides approved by the Weed Science Society of for Standardization (ISO). A sponsor may submit a proposal America (WSSA) and updated as of September 1, 2010. for a common name directly to the WSSA Terminology Beginning in 1996, it has been published yearly in the last Committee. issue of Weed Science with Directions for Contributors to A herbicide common name is not synonymous with Weed Science. This list is published in lieu of the selections a commercial formulation of the same herbicide, and in printed previously on the back cover of Weed Science. Only many instances, is not synonymous with the active ingredient common and chemical names included in this complete of a commercial formulation as identified on the product list should be used in WSSA publications. In the absence of label. If the herbicide is a salt or simple ester of a parent a WSSA-approved common name, the industry code number compound, the WSSA common name applies to the parent as compiled by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) with compound only. CAS systematic chemical name or the systematic chemical The chemical name used in this list is that preferred by the name alone may be used. The current approved list is also Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) according to their system of available at our web site (www.wssa.net).
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2012/125779 Al 20 September 2012 (20.09.2012) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2012/125779 Al 20 September 2012 (20.09.2012) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, A01N 43/90 (2006.01) DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, (21) International Application Number: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, PCT/US20 12/029 153 MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (22) International Filing Date: OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, 15 March 2012 (15.03.2012) SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (30) Priority Data: GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, 61/453,202 16 March 201 1 (16.03.201 1) US UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US) : DOW DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, AGROSCIENCES LLC [US/US]; 9330 Zionsville Road, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, Indianapolis, IN 46268 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Response of Multiple Herbicide Resistant Strain of Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium, Anabaena Variabilis , Exposed to Atrazine and DCMU
    Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 49, April 2011, pp.298-303 Response of multiple herbicide resistant strain of diazotrophic cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis , exposed to atrazine and DCMU Surendra Singh, Pallavi Datta * & Archna Tirkey Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur 482 001, India Received 1 June 2010; revised 24 January 2011 Effect of two photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides, atrazine (both purified and formulated) and [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1,1-dimethyl urea] (DCMU), on the growth, macromolecular contents, heterocyst frequency, photosynthetic O 2 evolution and dark O 2 uptake of wild type and multiple herbicide resistant (MHR) strain of diazotrophic cyanobacterium A. variabilis was studied. Cyanobacterial strains showed gradual inhibition in growth with increasing dosage of herbicides. Both wild type and MHR strain tolerated < 6.0 mg L -1 of atrazine (purified), < 2.0 mg L -1 of atrazine (formulated) and < 0.4 mg L -1 of DCMU indicating similar level of herbicide tolerance. Atrazine (pure) (8.0 mg L -1) and 4.0 mg L -1 of atrazine (formulated) were growth inhibitory concentrations (lethal) for both wild type and MHR strain indicating formulated atrazine was more toxic than the purified form. Comparatively lower concentrations of DCMU were found to be lethal for wild type and MHR strain, respectively. Thus, between the two herbicides tested DCMU was more growth toxic than atrazine. At sublethal dosages of herbicides, photosynthetic O 2 evolution showed highest inhibition followed by chlorophyll a, phycobhiliproteins and heterocyst differentiation as compared to carotenoid, protein and respiratory O 2 uptake. Keyword s: Atrazine, Cyanobacteria, DCMU, Herbicides, Mutants, Photosynthesis In modern agriculture weed control by herbicides is a tolerate or resist toxic actions of various rice field common practice to increase in crop productivity 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Fate of Imidazolinone Herbicides and Their Enantiomers
    Title Environmental Fate of Imidazolinone Herbicides and Their Enantiomers in Soil and Water Mohammadkazem Ramezani B.Sc. Agronomy, M.Sc. Weed Science This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy of the University of Adelaide School of Agriculture, Food & Wine The University of Adelaide Waite Campus, South Australia 2007 Declaration This work contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis, when deposited in the University Library, being made available for loan and photocopying. Mohammadkazem Ramezani ii Abstract Imidazolinones represent a new class of herbicides with low mammalian toxicity that can be used at low application rates, either pre- or post-emergence for the control of a wide range of weeds in broadleaf and cereal crops, and non-crop situations. All imidazolinone herbicides are chiral, containing two enantiomers that derive from the chiral centre of the imidazolinone ring. The inhibitory activity of the R(+) enantiomer is nearly eight times greater than that of the S(-) enantiomer. The use of imidazolinone herbicides has increased in recent years in Australia owing to increased popularity of pulses and the introduction of imidazolinone-tolerant canola and wheat. Concerns have been raised about the potential carry over damage to the subsequent crops grown in rotation with legumes and herbicide tolerant crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Solventless Formulation of Triclopyr Butoxyethyl
    (19) & (11) EP 1 983 829 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A01N 43/40 (2006.01) A01N 25/30 (2006.01) 13.01.2010 Bulletin 2010/02 A01N 25/04 (2006.01) A01P 13/00 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 06837962.7 (86) International application number: PCT/US2006/044751 (22) Date of filing: 17.11.2006 (87) International publication number: WO 2007/094836 (23.08.2007 Gazette 2007/34) (54) SOLVENTLESS FORMULATION OF TRICLOPYR BUTOXYETHYL ESTER LÖSUNGSMITTELFREIE FORMULIERUNG VON TRICLOPYR-BUTOXYETHYLESTER FORMULE SANS SOLVANT D’ESTER DE BUTOXYETHYLE DU TRICYCLOPYR (84) Designated Contracting States: • POMPEO, Michael, P. DE ES FR GB IT Sumter, SC 29150 (US) (30) Priority: 15.02.2006 US 773417 P (74) Representative: Weiss, Wolfgang Weickmann & Weickmann (43) Date of publication of application: Patentanwälte 29.10.2008 Bulletin 2008/44 Postfach 86 08 20 81635 München (DE) (73) Proprietors: • Dow AgroSciences LLC (56) References cited: Indianapolis, WO-A-96/28027 WO-A-2004/093546 Indiana 46268-1054 (US) US-A1- 5 466 659 • Jensen, Jeffrey, Lee Brownsburg IN 46112 (US) • BOVEY RODNEY W ET AL: "Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) control by synergistic (72) Inventors: action of clopyralid: Triclopyr mixtures" WEED • JENSEN, Jeffrey, Lee SCIENCE, vol. 40, no. 4, 1992, pages 563-567, Brownsburg, IN 46112 (US) XP009080681 ISSN: 0043-1745 • KLINE, William, N., III • BEBAWI F F ET AL: "Impact of foliar herbicides Duluth, GA 30096 (US) on pod and seed behaviour of rust-infected • BURCH, Patrick, L. rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) plants" Christiansburg, VA 24073 (US) PLANT PROTECTION QUARTERLY, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbicide Mode of Action Table High Resistance Risk
    Herbicide Mode of Action Table High resistance risk Chemical family Active constituent (first registered trade name) GROUP 1 Inhibition of acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase (ACC’ase inhibitors) clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Agixa®*, Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold* Decision®*, Hoegrass®), Aryloxyphenoxy- fenoxaprop (Cheetah®, Gold*, Wildcat®), fluazifop propionates (FOPs) (Fusilade®), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) Cyclohexanediones (DIMs) butroxydim (Factor®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) Phenylpyrazoles (DENs) pinoxaden (Axial®) GROUP 2 Inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS inhibitors), acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) Imidazolinones (IMIs) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, Lightning®*, Midas®* OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) Pyrimidinyl–thio- bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) benzoates Sulfonylureas (SUs) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*, Trimac Plus®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron (Logran®, Logran® B-Power®*), tribenuron (Express®),
    [Show full text]
  • Acifluorfen Sorption, Degradation, and Mobility in a Mississippi Delta Soil
    Acifluorfen Sorption, Degradation, and Mobility in a Mississippi Delta Soil L. A. Gaston* and M. A. Locke ABSTRACT repulsion effects, acifluorfen is sorbed by soil or soil Potential surface water and groundwater contaminants include her- constituents (Pusino et al., 1991; Ruggiero et al., 1992; bicides that are applied postemergence. Although applied to the plant Pusino et al., 1993; Gennari et al., 1994b; NeÁgre et al., canopy, a portion of any application reaches the soil either directly 1995; Locke et al., 1997). Although the extent of sorp- or via subsequent foliar washoff. This study examined sorption, degra- tion in soil is generally proportional to OC content dation, and mobility of the postemergence herbicide acifluorfen (5-[2- (Gennari et al., 1994b; NeÁgre et al., 1995; Locke et al., chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid) in Dundee 1997), sorption likely involves processes other than par- silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic, Aeric Ochraqualf) taken titioning between aqueous and organic matter phases. from conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) field plots. Homogeneous In particular, acifluorfen forms complexes with divalent surface and subsurface samples were used in the sorption and degrada- tion studies; intact soil columns (30 cm long and 10 cm diam.) were and trivalent cations (Pusino et al., 1991; Pusino et al., used in the mobility study. Batch sorption isotherms were nonlinear 1993) that may be sorbed or precipitated. Complex for- (Freundlich model) and sorption paralleled organic C (OC) content. mation and subsequent sorption may partially account All tillage by depth combinations of soil exhibited a time-dependent for increased acifluorfen sorption with decreasing soil approach to sorption equilibrium that was well described by a two- pH or increasing cation exchange capacity (Pusino et site equilibrium±kinetic model.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure to Herbicides in House Dust and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
    Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 363–370 & 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved 1559-0631/13 www.nature.com/jes ORIGINAL ARTICLE Exposure to herbicides in house dust and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Catherine Metayer1, Joanne S. Colt2, Patricia A. Buffler1, Helen D. Reed3, Steve Selvin1, Vonda Crouse4 and Mary H. Ward2 We examine the association between exposure to herbicides and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Dust samples were collected from homes of 269 ALL cases and 333 healthy controls (o8 years of age at diagnosis/reference date and residing in same home since diagnosis/reference date) in California, using a high-volume surface sampler or household vacuum bags. Amounts of agricultural or professional herbicides (alachlor, metolachlor, bromoxynil, bromoxynil octanoate, pebulate, butylate, prometryn, simazine, ethalfluralin, and pendimethalin) and residential herbicides (cyanazine, trifluralin, 2-methyl-4- chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), mecoprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), chlorthal, and dicamba) were measured. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by logistic regression. Models included the herbicide of interest, age, sex, race/ethnicity, household income, year and season of dust sampling, neighborhood type, and residence type. The risk of childhood ALL was associated with dust levels of chlorthal; compared to homes with no detections, ORs for the first, second, and third tertiles were 1.49 (95% CI: 0.82–2.72), 1.49 (95% CI: 0.83–2.67), and 1.57 (95% CI: 0.90–2.73), respectively (P-value for linear trend ¼ 0.05). The magnitude of this association appeared to be higher in the presence of alachlor.
    [Show full text]
  • 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–18 Edition) § 455.61
    § 455.61 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–18 Edition) from: the operation of employee show- § 455.64 Effluent limitations guidelines ers and laundry facilities; the testing representing the degree of effluent of fire protection equipment; the test- reduction attainable by the applica- ing and emergency operation of safety tion of the best available tech- showers and eye washes; or storm nology economically achievable water. (BAT). (d) The provisions of this subpart do Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 not apply to wastewater discharges through 125.32, any existing point from the repackaging of microorga- source subject to this subpart must nisms or Group 1 Mixtures, as defined achieve effluent limitations rep- under § 455.10, or non-agricultural pes- resenting the degree of effluent reduc- ticide products. tion attainable by the application of the best available technology economi- § 455.61 Special definitions. cally achievable: There shall be no dis- Process wastewater, for this subpart, charge of process wastewater pollut- means all wastewater except for sani- ants. tary water and those wastewaters ex- § 455.65 New source performance cluded from the applicability of the standards (NSPS). rule in § 455.60. Any new source subject to this sub- § 455.62 Effluent limitations guidelines part which discharges process waste- representing the degree of effluent water pollutants must meet the fol- reduction attainable by the applica- lowing standards: There shall be no dis- tion of the best practicable pollut- charge of process wastewater pollut- ant control technology (BPT). ants. Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point § 455.66 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).
    [Show full text]
  • Reduction of Nitroaromatic Pesticides with Zero-Valent Iron
    Chemosphere 54 (2004) 255–263 www.elsevier.com/locate/chemosphere Reduction of nitroaromatic pesticides with zero-valent iron Young-Soo Keum, Qing X. Li * Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Ag Sci 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Received 5 February 2003; received in revised form 4 June 2003; accepted 4 August 2003 Abstract Reduction of eleven nitroaromatic pesticides was studied with zero-valent iron powder. Average half-lives ranged from 2.8 to 6.3 h and the parent compounds were completely reduced after 48–96 h. The di-nitro groups of the 2,6- dinitroaniline herbicides were rapidly reduced to the corresponding diamines, with a negligible amount of partially reduced monoamino or nitroso products. Low levels of de-alkylated products were observed after 10 days. The nitro group of the organophosphorus insecticides was reduced dominantly to the monoamines but in a slower rate than the 2,6-dinitroanilines. A trace amount of oxon products was found. Reduction of nitro to amino was also the predominant reaction for the diphenyl ether herbicides. Aromatic de-chlorination and de-alkylation were minor reactions. These amine products were more stable than the parent compounds and 60% or more of the amines were detected after two weeks. Humic acid decreased the reduction rates of pendimethalin, and dichlone (a known quinone redox mediator) counteracted the effect of humic acid on the reactivity. Storage of iron powder under air decreased the reactivity very rapidly due to iron oxidation. Repeated use of iron powder also showed similar results. The reduced activity of air- oxidized iron was recovered by purging with hydrogen, but not nitrogen.
    [Show full text]