Glossary of Pesticide Chemicals
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Glossary of Pesticide Chemicals October 2001 Table of Contents Glossary Index A.................................................4 A...............................................10 B.................................................9 B...............................................12 C...............................................16 C................................................14 D...............................................29 D...............................................18 E...............................................41 E...................................................21 F................................................46 F................................................23 G...............................................58 G................................................24 H...............................................60 H...............................................25 I................................................62 I.................................................26 J................................................68 J................................................26 K...............................................68 K...............................................26 L................................................68 L................................................27 M...............................................69 M...............................................27 N...............................................79 N...............................................30 O................................................82 O...............................................33 P................................................85 P................................................35 Q...............................................99 Q...............................................37 R..............................................100 R...............................................38 S..............................................100 S................................................38 T..............................................105 T................................................41 U..............................................117 U...............................................44 V..............................................117 V...............................................44 X..............................................117 W...............................................44 Z..............................................118 X...............................................44 Y.................................................44 Z................................................45 Preface This glossary is intended to facilitate communication within the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the subject of pesticide residues in foods and feeds. It serves as the source of names chosen for use in all agency documents and internal communications. Chemicals are listed, alphabetically by preferred name, in the body of the glossary. The preferred name is printed in bold-face type, as is the CAS Registry number assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service (not available for some entries). Alternate names are identified by type of name. An index provides a cross-reference to the preferred name for each alternate name. Use the index to find the name used for any chemical in the body of the Glossary. Then find the main entry for that chemical to obtain additional alternate names and other information. The glossary includes parent pesticides with U.S. tolerances on foods or feeds (40 CFR 180, 185, 186), or with temporary or pending tolerances. It also includes pesticides which previously had U.S. tolerances, those known or suspected of being used on foods in other countries, and those for which common names have recently been approved by ANSI and/or ISO. Absence of a chemical which meets these criteria is either inadvertent or results from failure to locate sufficient information for entry. The glossary contains only limited entries for pesticide components, metabolites, breakdown products, or impurities; see page iii for directions on how to obtain information about additional chemicals in these categories. The glossary also contains only selected industrial chemicals, usually those known to be detected during analysis of foods for pesticide residues. Preferred names were chosen according to the following sequence: • ANSI (American National Standards Institute) approved common name • ISO (International Standards Organization) approved common name • other common names • acronym or other term which has gained general acceptance • chemical name if sufficiently short • trade name In some cases where no ANSI or ISO name exists, the preferred name was chosen from among several possibilities because it has already been used within the agency for a period of time. Other Information The following additional information is included, if available, for each chemical: Use: most common use of pesticide; left blank for components, metabolites, etc. Category: parent, metabolite, etc. Molecular Formula: Numbers are not subscripted. LMS Code: as used by FDA to report analytical results. Tolerances: references to 40 CFR 180 and 40 CFR 185-86; also notes temporary, pending, or revoked tolerances and indicates use in other countries (“foreign use”). October 2001 page i Naming Conventions Names proposed as ANSI common names, but not yet approved, are not normally used. When exceptions are made, the notation “(prop)” is included with the name. Names proposed as ISO common names and considered acceptable by mail ballot are used, even when they have not yet appeared in a Draft Addendum to ISO document 1750, Pesticides and other agrochemicals—Common names. Names approved as ISO common names but designated as unacceptable in the U.S. are listed in the Glossary but are not used as preferred names, even when no ANSI name exists. Certain “other” names are entered for explanatory purposes, e.g., “captan metabolite”, “chlordane component”. In some cases, these names will occur once for each of the chemicals to which they refer. Chemical names which follow the nomenclature rules of the Chemical Abstracts Service’s 9th Collective Index (9CI) are used for all entries for which such a name exists. In certain cases, other chemical names are also included; these are labelled as “other” names. Chemical names are entered in direct order. Exceptions to this rule include the following stereochemical descriptors, which are printed after the name following a comma: • cis- and trans- • alpha, beta, etc., (sometimes abbreviated to A, B, etc. for space considerations) • o-, m-, and p- •(±)-, (+), and (-) • (E)- and (Z)- • endo- and exo- • (R)- and (S)- • D- and L- Note that alpha, beta, and other descriptors are also used as locants in some names; in these cases, the terms are not abbreviated and are not placed at the end of the name. When other descriptors appear elsewhere than at the beginning of the name, or if placing them at the end of a very long name would cause confusion, they have been left in place. Names are alphabetized by computer according to the following sequence: space ! + # $ % & + ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] An “=” is used to create an artifical line break in a long chemical name; no space or hyphen occurs in the actual name at that point. Second and subsequent lines of long names are indented in order to avoid confusion when there are two or more names within a category, e.g., more than one 9CI or Other name. page ii October 2001 Acknowledgement This Glossary was developed by Bernadette McMahon, formerly of FDA Division of Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals. Ann Marie Poulsen and John J. Jennings, Jr. of Division of Information Resources Management, Library and Information Resources Branch, provided on-line searches of Chemical Abstracts Service information, as well as invaluable advice about the esoterica of chemical nomenclature. Corrections Report corrections, additions or comments on the FDA Glossary of Pesticide Chemicals to: Carolyn Makovi, FDA Division of Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals, HFS-337, 200 C Street SW, Washington, DC 20204; Email: [email protected]. Database Files As previously noted, only limited entries exist in the Glossary for pesticide components, metabolites, breakdown products, and impurities. More complete listings are available in files FDA makes available in a format suitable for creating databases. For example, this Glossary contains entries for 1022 chemicals (with 5688 alternate names); the 2001 version of the database files contains records for approximately 1900 chemicals. Also available in the database files is other information useful to the laboratory or administrator dealing with pesticides. Particular emphasis is given to data on the behavior of chemicals in FDA multiresidue analytical methods published in Pesticide Analytical Manual Vol. I (PAM I). FDA provides the database files in electronic format on the Internet for access via World Wide Web. Basic information about the files, how to obtain them, and how to use them follows. Explanatory files that accompany the data files provide more details. What the Files Are The following two sets of files are available, each in compressed .exe form. These can be decompressed on Windows systems by double-clicking, and on Macintosh systems by use of Stuffit Expander; access to this decompression software is provided. Pestrak Decompresses to five files, one of which,