HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT for PROPOSED WORKS at GLANDOVAN, CILGERRAN, PEMBROKESHIRE Prepared by Rob Scourfield M.A. I.H.B.C

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HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT FOR PROPOSED WORKS AT GLANDOVAN, CILGERRAN, PEMBROKESHIRE

Prepared by Rob Scourfield M.A. I.H.B.C. F.S.A. for Henllan Design & Management

scourfieldconsultancy.co.uk

February 2018

Contents

1. Introduction and Objectives

2. Historic and Architectural Significance

3. Justification for Proposed Works

4. Impact of Proposed Works

5. Setting of the Listed Building

6. Legislation and Policy

7. Evaluation of the scheme in the context of the Conservation Principles

8. Assessing the changes to in the context of the Conservation Principles

9. Conclusion

1. Introduction and Objectives

1.1. This heritage statement has been prepared to accompany the listed building application for proposed works at Glandovan, namely the alteration of the back kitchen and rear dairy together with the addition of a glazed veranda to create a living-dining room suitable for modern-day living.. This report draws on the guidance on the statutory requirement to prepare a heritage impact statement in tandem with an application for listed building consent. The guidance is complementary to the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016 and is underpinned by the modern conservation philosophy of Cadw's Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales (2011).

1.2 Glandovan is Grade II* listed, designated as such on 16/01/1952. The listed building description is attached at Appendix A. Glandovan is a substantial double- pile gentry house rebuilt c. 1670 for the Vaughan family, passing to the Stedmans and Gowers. The original house was built in the later C16 for Robert Vaughan, some of the fabric (including possibly reused beams in the basement) probably embedded within the present house. Early C19 improvements included the front porch and bracketed eaves, as well as the addition of the rear kitchen block and dairy (the latter probably built as a rear porch)

1.3 The proposal comprises the creation of a modern living/dining room and boot room/porch to the rear of the house within the existing back kitchen and dairy. This includes:-

• The addition of a small glazed veranda to the rear (south-east) elevation. • The remodelling of the rear dairy as a boot room/porch • The replacement of a window with glazed doors to the rear elevation • The insertion and alteration of two windows to the south-west elevation (ground floor) • The creation of an opening between existing main and rear kitchens • Internal alterations to back kitchen (removal of cupboards, re-opening fireplace) .

2. Historical and Architectural Significance

2.1 Historical Context. Glandovan has an early and well-recorded history, back to the early C16. The history has been researched in depth by Glen Johnson glen- johnson.co.uk/glandovan. The early history of Glandovan involves the Vaughan family. William Vaughan arrived in the parish c. 1496 as a supporter of Henry VII, duly rewarded with the title of Lord of Cilgerran, and in 1509, Constable of Cilgerran Castle. William's descendent, Robert, alive in 1580, built (or rebuilt) Glandovan

In 1670, Rees Vaughan of Glandovan was assessed at six hearths, by which time the present house was probably built. In the later C17, the house passed to the Stedmans (of Strata Florida) and then to the Gowers. By 1824, Castell Malgwyn had become the main seat of the Gowers. Abel Gower carried out works including re- roofing in 1832, but by 1844, the house was tenanted until the family sold it in 1917 (the Gowers owned it again 1947-58). In 1962, a fire damaged the kitchen, hall and part of the first floor.

2.2 Aesthetic Context. Glandovan is a very rare - and well-preserved - example of a later C17 symmetrical double-pile plan house in Wales. Double-pile planning - first seen in some earlier C17 houses (e.g. West Woodhay, Berkshire (1635) - was the fashion for larger post-Restoration houses, most famously Coleshill, Berkshire (completed c.1660, the plan symmetrical and the house hip-roofed and classically proportioned. West Woodhay was built for a learned lawyer and politician with strong court connections. Sir George Pratt of Coleshill was able to commission a design from his cousin Roger, a student of architecture, recently returned from a long trip to Italy. The court style of Inigo Jones and the next generation of architects such as John Webb, Hugh May, Roger Pratt and Christopher Wren eventually brought something of the Italian Renaissance to the provinces - areas where style was still strongly coloured by the Elizabethan and Jacobean, and plan-forms still influenced by the medieval hall-and-parlour. What makes Glandovan remarkable is its fully- fledged fashionable form in remote west Wales, on a site hardly selected for show (but no doubt influenced by the existing dwelling, which was perhaps partly reused). Glandovan has all the fashionable motifs of the day - a symmetrical five-bay front with cross-windows, and a steeply hipped roof with axial chimneys. The plan-form is up-to-date, the four principal rooms flanking the central passage, leading to the handsome open-well stair, detailed with turned balusters and newel pendants. The slight distractions include the C20 roughcast render and fenestration, the latter rather whimsical echoes of the original cross-frames.

2.3 Communal Value. Glandovan remains very much a house of local status. Despite no longer being the centre of the family estate by the 1820s, the house was tenanted by minor gentry or professionals of suitable status until well into the C20. The prominent lodge marks out the house as one of the best preserved seats of what Dr Leslie Baker Jones termed 'the Tivyside Gentry.

2.4 Evidential Context. The structural history of the house is reasonably straightforward, and its major phases may be outlined as follows:- • Phase 1. Later C16, perhaps represented by re-used beams in the basement rooms and possibly some masonry, including the chimney stair. • Phase 2. Extensively rebuilt to double-pile hip-roofed form c. 1670 • Phase 3. Re-roofing by Abel Gower in 1832 - this possibly included the addition of the rear kitchen range in the south-west return of the house (the present shape of the house is as shown on the 1844 Tithe Map.

. Figure 1 - extract from 1844 Cilgerran Tithe Map

The proposed works involve the 'Phase 3' fabric, with minor impact on 'Phase 2' fabric.

2.5. Plan-form/Interior Fixtures. The house, as rebuilt c. 1670 essentially comprises a central passage with rooms each side served by chimneys stacks on the spinal wall. At the end of the passage is the stairwell. The rear kitchen was simply added to the south-west, with connecting internal doorways created. The new range has an odd roof-form, gabled to the south-west and steeply hipped to the south-east. A small gabled dairy lies to the rear, originally a porch. Of the 1670 house itself, only the existing kitchen is affected by the proposal. The room is relatively plain, with modern kitchen fittings and Aga. Was this the room damaged by the fire in 1962? Early C20 electric bell board (to remain in situ); boarded door between kitchen and rear kitchen. The rear kitchen has a fine slate-flagged floor and an original plaster ceiling with meat-hooks, all to be retained. A boarded door leads to the rear dairy. Fixtures include a medley of cupboards including a wall cupboard with plain planked doors (modern hinges) to the right of the chimney breast, and a panelled cupboard boxed- out to the opposite corner. The latter has a rough and ready character, clearly a later insertion. On the wall opposite the fireplace is a large wall-cupboard/dresser perhaps originally an open-rack dresser, but rather altered in the C20. This - the best of the fixtures - is to be retained. The fireplace has been blocked up and plastered over (to be re-opened).

Figure 2 - Rear kitchen wall-cupboard, door and panelled cupboard proposed for removal

Figure 3 - detail of wall-cupboard proposed for removal.

Figure 4 - rear kitchen dresser/cupboards to be retained

The dairy appears to have begun life as a porch and will be reused as such. There is a boarded door between this and the rear kitchen. Within is a slate-flagged floor (to be retained) and slate cooling-slabs set on slate pedestals, presumably late C19 insertions. These are to be removed.

Figure 5 - slate slabs in dairy

Sources:- The Buildings of Wales - Pembrokeshire - Lloyd, Orbach and Scourfield 2004 Historic House of Pembrokeshire and their Families - Francis Jones 1996 Princelings, Privilege and Power....the Tivyside Gentry in Their Community - Leslie Baker-Jones 1999

3. Justification for the Proposed Works

3.1 In common with many houses of the scale of Glandovan, living arrangements are rather out-dated. The existing rooms are not large and there is no opportunity for open-plan living, suited for personal comfort and working at home. Those listed country houses still in use as family homes have generally adapted to modern life - typically conjoining small service rooms and kitchens as large open-plan living areas, or even converting a principal room to a working kitchen (as at Court Henry, Carms and Tythegston Court, Vale of Glamorgan). This typically allows more formal areas to remain unaltered, and with care, 'back of house' fixtures of interest to be preserved. 3.2 The proposal offers the opportunity to fully restore and celebrate the history of Glandovan. The current scheme will have little impact on the external character of the building, apart from the insertion of a matching casement windows to the ground floor south-west, and the addition of a glazed veranda to the rear, accessed via inserted glazed doors. 3.3 The interior is quite a 'period piece' in terms of its plan and fixtures, the later rear kitchen with plain conventional detail, some rather altered. Focussing change on this part of the house is the obvious solution. 3.3 Whilst it is considered that the current scheme preserves the architectural and historic character of Glandovan, other options have been considered, as follows:-

• Building an extension. The existing house is already large enough and a new extension would need careful consideration of the impact on the house. The existing later kitchen and dairy are both under-used and offer ample space for the desired accommodation..

• Conjoining principal rooms. This would have a major impact on the historic plan-form, leading to the destruction of chimney breasts or the central passage, with the accompanying historic detail all lost.

4. Impact of the Proposed Works

4.1 The proposed works may be described as follows:-

4.2 Exterior works:-

• The addition of a small glazed veranda to the rear (south-east) elevation.

• The replacement of a window with glazed doors to the rear elevation

• The insertion and alteration of two windows to the south-west elevation (ground floor)

• The alteration of the dairy windows and the raising of the eaves of the dairy to provide increased headroom, the existing profile and detail to be reinstated. .

4.3 Interior works:-

• The remodelling of the rear dairy as a boot room/porch

• The creation of an opening between existing main and rear kitchens

• Internal alterations to back kitchen (removal of some cupboards, re-opening fireplace)

4.4 The proposed scheme has the following merits:-

• The property will be remain in its primary use. • The internal alterations are reversible • The plan-form is retained substantially intact

5 . The setting of the Listed Building

5.1 The setting of a listed building is the surroundings in which it is understood, experienced and appreciated, embracing present and past relationships to the surrounding landscape. Views to, from and across a historic asset are an obvious form of evaluation, but other sensory elements may be relevant too, including topography, layout, use, noise, and light pollution, as well as historic, artistic, literary, cultural or scenic associations, tranquillity and remoteness. When assessing proposals, local planning authorities are required to pay special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any other features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses. This is set out in section 66 of the 1990 Act Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas Act.

5.2 In terms of its historic setting, Glandovan is a substantial country seat, set within generous grounds, including lawns and a walled garden. This is reached via a picturesque driveway announced by the lodge and leading past former kennels and substantial stable buildings - all the ingredients of a small country estate. The wider setting is the beautiful partly-wooded scenery of the Teifi Valley. The proposal will barely have any impact on any of this, the proposed extension tucked away to the rear of the property, its modest scale and simple design having the lightest of touches.

6. Legislation and Policy

6.1 The legislative and policy context includes the following:-

• 1990 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act, section 66 • 2016 Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016 • Technical Advice Note 24 (The Historic Environment) 2017 including annex 1 (Historic Impact Assessment in Wales), 2 (Managing Change to Listed Buildings in Wales) and 6 (Setting of Historic Assets in Wales) • Planning Policy Wales Edition 9 (November 2016), Section 6 • Pembrokeshire County Council Local Development Plan (2013), Policy GN.38 • Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales’, Cadw, 2010.

6.2 Evaluation of the proposed scheme in the context of national policy

6.3 The main material policy document is Technical Advice Note 24 (The Historic Environment) 2017. Paragraph 5.13 requires consideration of a number of issues when determining a listed building consent application. These include:- • The importance and grade of the building and its intrinsic architectural or historic interest. • The physical features of the building which justify its listing and contribute to its significance, (for example its form and layout, materials, construction and detail) including any features of importance such as the interior, which may have come to light after the building’s inclusion on the list. • The contribution of curtilage and setting to the significance of the building, as well as its contribution to its local scene • The impact of the proposed works on the significance of the building. • The extent to which the proposed works would bring substantial community benefits for example, by contributing to the area’s economy or the enhancement of its local environment. The first four points comprise the crux of listed building legislation and it is considered that this statement addresses the relevant issues. In terms of the fifth point, it is certain that the proposal will enhance the local environment and highly likely that the converted building will contribute to the area's economy through the ability to be used as comfortable work-from-home premises

6.4 Paragraph 5.14 states that 'Many listed buildings can sustain a degree of sensitive alteration and extension to accommodate continuing or new uses. Past changes that reflect the history of use and ownership may themselves be aspects of the special interest of the listed building'. It advises that ' when applicants and the local planning authority assess the heritage values and significance of a listed building, which is the subject of a consent application, they must consider the sensitivity of that building to the proposed changes. Sustaining the special interest and significance of a listed building through the process of alteration, extension or re- use is exacting, and should always be based on specialist knowledge and skill in order to realise the benefits that well-designed interventions can bring'. It is considered that Glandovan is capable of sustaining the degree of alteration proposed to sustain its ongoing use as a family home with modern-day requirements and that a careful balance has been made against the heritage values of the building.

6.5 Evaluation of the proposed scheme in the context of current Local Authority Policy

6.6 . Policy GN.38 states 'development that affects sites and landscapes of architectural and/or historic merit...... or their setting will only be permitted when it can be demonstrated that it would protect or enhance their character and integrity'. It is considered that the proposal complies with this policy objective.

7. Evaluation of the proposed scheme in the context of the Conservation Principles.

Principle 1 – Historic Assets will be managed to sustain their values

Changes in the historic environment are inevitable and conservation of historic buildings is about the careful management of change, having special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses.

The proposed works at Glandovan are perceived as conserving the special character of the house whilst upgrading its facilities for modern-day residential use. The works of alteration mainly centres on the internal remodelling of two lesser rooms. The character of Glandovan as one of the most important C17 houses in west Wales remains unaltered..

Principle 2 – Understanding the significance of historic assets is vital

In evidential terms, the structural history of Glandovan is very straightforward, as examined above.

In terms of communal value, to the historian, Glandovan is a substantial and uncommonly well-preserved country house, set within its own estate. The proposed scheme has no impact on any of this.

Principle 3 – The historic environment is a shared resource

Although Glandovan is a private house, it formed the centre of an historic estate, which has helped shape the surrounding countryside. In terms of public interest, the legal procedures needed to obtain listed building consent provide the mechanisms for arbitrating between private and public interests.

Principle 4 – Everyone will be able to participate in sustaining the historic environment

It is hoped that this document will assist ensuring that decisions about Glandovan are taken in an open and transparent manner, as well as sharing what is known about the house to date, raising people’s awareness and understanding of their heritage.

All contractors involved will be suitably qualified and/or experienced in undertaking works to best conservation practice.

Principle 5 – Decisions about change must be reasonable, transparent and consistent

It is hoped that this document will underpin this principle and provide a clear justification for proposed changes to the building

Principle 6 – Documenting and learning from decisions is essential

The information and documentation gathered as a result of the proposed scheme will be retained by the owners, with a copy provided to the RCAHMW’s public archive. . 8. Assessing the changes to Glandovan in the context of the Conservation Principles

Changes to the building may be categorised as new work or alteration, including:

New work or alteration

• The addition of a small glazed veranda to the rear (south-east) elevation. This is a traditional style structure with glazed roof, simple in design and modest in scale. The mono-pitch roof is to be cut into the existing dairy roof, the junction demarcated by dressed leadwork. • The replacement of a window with glazed doors to the rear elevation. The existing sash window is of c. 1830, its upper light 8-paned, the lower crudely remade as 6-paned in the C20. This is to be replaced with plain bi-fold doors within a widened opening, the doors constructed of grey powder-coated aluminium. Again, the philosophy is simple and modernist, as well as reversible. • The insertion of a window and alteration of a window to the south-west elevation (ground floor). The existing window is C20 in date and the proposed windows are to match that to the first floor above - plain timber casements with fixed small-paned over-lights

• The alteration of the dairy windows. The south west window (12-paned sash) is to be replaced with a boarded timber door with inset plain light. It appears that the window replaced a door when the porch was made into a small dairy in the later C19, so the original arrangement is being reinstated. The existing gable window is to be replaced to match (12-pane sash), its lintel raised slightly, and the removed window is to be inserted within the north-east wall of the porch. • Raising the eaves line of the porch to allow for increased height for doorway, reinstating detail and profile as existing. Floor to be reduced to threshold level of rear kitchen with slate slabs reinstated. • Remodelling the dairy as a boot room/porch. This effectively reinstates the original porch arrangements, removing the later C19 inserted slate slab shelving and up-stands • The creation of an opening between main and rear kitchens, leaving substantial stubs of wall for legibility. The work will involve the loss of some historic masonry and the loss of a C19 boarded door (the existing servants' bell-board is to be retained in situ). • Internal alterations to the rear kitchen (see 2.5 above) including the removal of a simple wall cupboard (with C19 planked door), C20 cupboards of little intrinsic interest (the large dresser/cupboard is to be retained) and reopening the blocked fireplace.

9 Conclusion

9.1 It is hoped that this report adequately addresses the impact of the proposal on the character and setting of the building, balancing the statutory requirement to preserve the listed building with government and local policy to retain it in suitable use and condition.

Figure 6 - general view of existing back kitchen

APPENDIX A - LIST DESCRIPTION

Entry Name: Glandovan Listing Date: 16 January 1952 Last Amended: 15 April 1994 Grade: II* Source: Cadw Source ID: 11973 Building Class: Domestic Location: Situated down drive running E from Glandovan Lodge on Cilgerran-Rhos Hill road.

County: Pembrokeshire Community: Cilgerran Community: Cilgerran Locality: Glandovan Traditional County: Pembrokeshire

History C16 house built by Robert Vaughan, son of Rhys Vaughan of Corsygedor, Merioneth. Succeeded by his son William and grandson Rhys, who owned it in 1670 when it was assessed as having six hearths, possibly already the present house which has six chimney shafts. From Rhys Vaughan it passed to the Stedman family of Strata Florida, and c.1700 to the Gower family of Boughton St John, Worcs, Abel Gower (1694-1788) inheriting. His son Admiral Sir Erasmus Gower (1742-1814), Governor of Newfoundland 1804-7, inherited but did not live in the house. His brother Abel Anthony Gower(1768-1837) succeeded, and reroofed the house in 1832. He also owned Castle Malgwyn from 1808. His nephew R F Gower followed, but lived mainly at Clunderwen, and Glandovan was tenanted for much of the C19.

Exterior Circa 1660 country house in whitewashed roughcast (mostly covered in creeper) with hipped slate roof and paired bracket eaves. Roof has centre valley and two big axial three-shaft rendered stacks. Two-storey five-window front of timber cross-windows with slate sills, some top-lights leaded. Centre early C19 6-panel door with sidelights in early C19 timber porch of two Roman Doric columns, pilaster responds, and cornice. House is to a regular square plan with centre rear stair projection also hipped. Added block in SW rear angle. E side has two-window range to right, basement and two storeys, one-window range to left. Similar cross-windows. W side has two first floor windows to right. Rear stair gable has one leaded cross-window to first floor left, C20 windows to both floors to right, and C20 lean-to to ground floor left. Added corner range has similar bracketed eaves, whitewashed rubble walls, roof gabled to W with stone stack, and hipped to SE. Big earlier C19 16-pane sash to S wall. On the E of the forecourt are two stone early C19 gatepiers.

Interior Renaissance square plan, possibly the earliest surviving in Dyfed with axial spine broad passage to rear stairs up to attic, cross-axial thick chimney wall, and four rooms, NE dining-room, NW drawing- room, SE parlour and SW kitchen, all typical of the later C17. Passage has panelling introduced in C20, staircase is exceptional in scale though relatively crude in detail, open-well, with plain string, square newels, carved finials and pendants, and turned balusters. The two front rooms and parlour have plastered panelled ceilings, with simple mouldings framing the beams, C19 marble fireplace in NE room. The kitchen has three exposed beams, and the remains of a small stair to left of fireplace. Three ornate figured wood doors were introduced from Surrey in C20. Two upstairs bedrooms have similar plastered panelled ceilings, and there is some fielded panelling to wall to small centre room.