CLASS: A GUIDE THROUGH THE AMERICAN STATUS SYSTEM PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

Paul Fussell | 202 pages | 01 Oct 1992 | SIMON & SCHUSTER | 9780671792251 | English | New York, United States Epub Class: A Guide Through the American Status System by dropmail - Issuu

I imagine straining to hear this word while you are out class watching guarantees a lengthy wait. Better is the demarcation made by those who use house top tier and its alternative home. Middles talk about traveling and uppers discuss summering. But if when she finishes a sweater she sews in a little label reading. Proles and below drop g s. Upper middles and above avoid euphemism and curse as freely, but more creatively, than proles. They prefer utilize to use and would rather utilize the bathroom than the toilet. A man is an alcoholic or has problems with alcohol and is not a drunk. The more syllables packed into a phrase, the better. In , there was a greater emphasis on the university one attended. Harvard, Yale, the other Ivies, and Stanford indicated top tier. Attendance there is no longer a perfectly reliable class marker as these schools have significantly expanded their student bodies. However, the choice of school still matters. In , these folk were not as political as today, where they now comprise the vocal left. An enjoyable test of X-hood is to say to your subject that you noticed something on FOX news. Fussell argued that Xers rightly did not give a damn about class distinction, and this is still true but in a different sense. Just as Uppers believe they culturally superior to the upper middles, who are sure of their ascendancy over the middle-class etc. This, then, is the overt reading of Class : a hierarchical strata of semi-permeable class boundaries exists. Escape from a stratum is unlikely: though it is easier to descend than to climb or to become an X. The struggle to better or to differentiate oneself determines most behavior. Not all neatly fit into a slot: for example, engineers of every stripe and physicians exhibit significant cross-class deportment. Covertly, the work can be called a guide to proper behavior and style. Fussell writes approvingly of top tier demeanor and acerbically of displays by the middle-class and proles. He laments prole drift , which is the inexorable? He says, for example, Princeton. Even the better classes have to wait in long lines, the quality of food degenerates, airline seating grows more cramped. Whether or not cultural decay is true in all areas, as Fussell maintains, prole drift has had vicious consequences in music. You cannot go anywhere today without being aurally assaulted by vile, vesicated music. Fussell proudly accepts the damning insult of elitist. There are aspects of culture that are better than others. One painting can be superior to another compare any Caravaggio with your best reproduction of it. A novel by Twain rates higher than one typed by Nora Roberts. What really distinguishes the classes, Fussell says, is the ability to know and acknowledge these distinctions and to aspire to what is better or best. Categories: Book review , Culture. The more schooling, the greater the respect for works of literature and art, different cultures and various types of music. Certainly, well-educated Americans see themselves as worldly, nuanced, and comfortable with difference. Education also should make us curious about- even eager to hear- different political points of view. The more educated Americans become- and the richer- the less likely they are to discuss politics with those who have different points of view. It made my toes curl. It exuded all that it pretended to dislike. By far the easiest company is the , this would be followed by the lowest class. In fact, to be fair, the idea of class structure is a little over simplified, as I believe we all fall into groups defined by manner or values. Farmers, Vicars, local pillars of smaller communities generally mix well with and Ladies and are often friends. Birds of a feather flock together. If it were,, we could draw a graph and be done, or someone could. Stop making up unnecessarialaciousitudes. Fussell talked about Miss Manners, Ann Landers and the like. He said that those that produced guides of proper behavior were a modern invention aimed that the middle-class in order to take the place of the known rules of class behaviors that are implicitly or openly known in other cultures, such as in England. I always felt we were a pretty friendly bunch. All Americans think of themselves as regardless of how much money they have, or the pigeon holes that others want to put them into. If you work for a living, you are middle class. Children are never too far removed from the class associations of their parrents. Purple is a very snotty color. The up-scale the man, the more color he will have in his wardrobe. Couri Hay, society columnist. We can choose to ignore it though. Now, I am wondering how the Chinese social system will be in, say, 10 years. How will it be compared to the one described in this book? There are occasional aberrations, like jae suggests: children who want celebrity, for example, or those that become political, but it is rare. Well, China has always had a hierarchy with the leaders and their ways being inscrutable. How does one become a top party member? The more capitalist, and free, China becomes, the more it appears like us. Those with manners teach their children that money and class are distractions for those with wisdom. They are also clued in enough to explain to their kids that not all people are so enlightened. So they make sure that their kids understand how to move freely and seamlessly among those who have their noses up their asses. Literally no stone—or soapstone—goes unturned. Indeed, this novel is such a teeth-gnashingly precise class almanac, that Tolkin should surely replace Tom Wolfe as our modern-day high-society-anxiety chronicler at least of the West Coast variety. Tolkin is particularly hard on his people, wealthy Los Angeles Jews, a variation on the with their conspicuously consuming Hebraism. At a bar mitzvah at a Reform synagogue that shares a driveway with Milken High named deftly not for Michael but for the brother :. Their ethos or at least the ethos of those who aspire to Upper-Class Gentilehood is lovingly enshrined, for instance, in Vanity Fair , with its wide- eyed revelations from the dusty alcoves of Kennedy history and obsessive detailing of the summerings, winterings, and fallings of obscure Eurotrash. Magazine reading for Middles, though moving the goalposts in from both coasts , is best defined by the literary output of staid airlines such as Southwest, Delta, and Continental as opposed to the more edgily cosmopolitan JetBlue and Virgin. Roger that. In descending order of coolness are:. Fifty is the new 36! I obey no clock! But wait! This is not the brand-new Ramones T-shirt sported so conspicuously by needy soul-patched ish alternadads at the Silver Lake dog park. If you actually bought the black Ramones tee the year it came out, the lettering will be so faded as mine is , you literally cannot read it. It looks like a linty rag. So there. As Fussell puts it:. Some something mom friends and I thought the way to drain the pagan power from Burning Man would be to set up our own Jenny Craig camp there. And, if we get child care, we will! Sadly, though, rebellion is not the outlier stance it once was. This is particularly well articulated, I think, in an L. Children: Asia and Lennon? Charity itself is complicated when one hates to admit that one rules. Although old-school WASP s might tinkle their G-and-Ts while hosting an annual spring benefit for The Poor, the will throw a star-studded fete to combat a politically fashionable disease, with celebs relaying anecdotes about personal frailty as detailed in their candid new addiction memoirs. They can be rich and feel vaguely anti-establishment at the same time. At network-TV meetings, millionaire something comedy writers see how low they can go with torn jeans, T-shirts, and grimy Red Sox caps, while the only guys in coat and tie on the lot are the Honduran valet parkers. That grimy baseball cap signifies Harvard Lampoon alum, which opens the door to Hollywood comedy riches, in a process that can seem, to the uninitiated, truly bewildering and mysterious. What will best fire the small talk, and the resulting intimate connection, that invigorates the start of a pitch meeting? Mets cap? Cubs cap? Yankees cap? What if you went to UC Davis instead of Harvard—are you not as funny? What is the right note of irony to apply to your hip-hop speech, given that you are, in actuality, suburban, 33, and white? Oh, yes, the newfangled Xs now have not only the money, but also the anxiety. Class: A Guide Through the American Status System - Wikipedia

The force of sheer class envy behind vile and even criminal behavior in this country, the result in part of disillusion over the official myth of classlessness, should never be underestimated. The person who, parking his attractive car in a large city, has returned to find his windows smashed and his radio aerial snapped off will understand what I mean. McCarthy used language that leaves little doubt about what he was really getting at -- not so much "Communism" as the envied upper-middle and upper classes. Egalitarianism insists that they all finish even. Hartley's novel Facial Justice , about "the prejudice against good looks" in a future society somewhat like ours. There, inequalities of appearance are redressed by government plastic surgeons, but the scalpel isn't used to make everyone beautiful -- it's used to make everyone plain. Despite our public embrace of political and judicial equality, in individual perception and understanding -- much of which we refrain from publicizing -- we arrange things vertically and insist on crucial differences in value. Regardless of what we say about equality, I think everyone at some point comes to feel like the Oscar Wilde who said, "The brotherhood of man is not a mere poet's dream: it is a most depressing and humiliating reality. Analysis and separation we find interesting, synthesis boring. Although it is disinclined to designate a hierarchy of social classes, the federal government seems to admit that if in law we are all equal, in virtually all other ways we are not. Thus the eighteen grades into which it divides its civil-service employees, from grade 1 at the bottom messenger, etc. In the construction business there's a social hierarchy of jobs, with "dirt work," or mere excavation, at the bottom; the making of sewers, roads, and tunnels in the middle; and work on buildings the taller, the higher at the top. Those who sell "executive desks" and related office furniture know that they and their clients agree on a rigid "class" hierarchy. Desks made of oak are at the bottom, and those of walnut are next. Then, moving up, mahogany is, if you like, "upper-middle class," until we arrive, finally, at the apex: teak. There seems no place where hierarchical status-orderings aren't discoverable. Take musical instruments. In a symphony orchestra the customary ranking of sections recognizes the difficulty and degree of subtlety of various kinds of instruments: strings are on top, woodwinds just below, then brass, and, at the bottom, percussion. On the difficulty scale, the accordion is near the bottom, violin near the top. Another way of assigning something like "" to instruments is to consider the prestige of the group in which the instrument is customarily played. As the composer Edward T. Cone says, "If you play a violin, you can play in a string quartet or symphony orchestra, but not in a jazz band and certainly not in a marching band. Among woodwinds, therefore, flute, and oboe, which are primarily symphonic instruments, are 'better' than the clarinet, which can be symphonic, jazz, or band. Among brasses, the French horn ranks highest because it hasn't customarily been used in jazz. Among percussionists, tympani is high for the same reason. Thus a sousaphone is lower than a trumpet, a bass viol lower than a viola, etc. If you hear "My boy's taking lessons on the trombone," your smile will be a little harder to control than if you hear "My boy's taking lessons on the flute. Guitars except when played in "classical" -- that is, archaic -- style are low by nature, and that is why they were so often employed as tools of intentional class degradation by young people in the s and '70s. The guitar was the perfect instrument for the purpose of signaling these young people's flight from the upper-middle and middle classes, associated as it is with Gypsies, cowhands, and other personnel without inherited or often even earned money and without fixed residence. The former Socialist and editor of the Partisan Review William Barrett, looking back thirty years, concludes that "the looks more and more like a Utopian illusion. The socialist countries develop a class structure of their own," although there, he points out, the classes are very largely based on bureaucratic toadying. And since we have them, why not know as much as we can about them? The subject may be touchy, but it need not be murky forever. About The Author. Paul Fussell. Product Details. Related Articles. Happy Birthday to Us! Raves and Reviews. Resources and Downloads. It looks like a linty rag. So there. As Fussell puts it:. Some something mom friends and I thought the way to drain the pagan power from Burning Man would be to set up our own Jenny Craig camp there. And, if we get child care, we will! Sadly, though, rebellion is not the outlier stance it once was. This is particularly well articulated, I think, in an L. Children: Asia and Lennon? Charity itself is complicated when one hates to admit that one rules. Although old-school WASP s might tinkle their G-and-Ts while hosting an annual spring benefit for The Poor, the creative class will throw a star-studded fete to combat a politically fashionable disease, with celebs relaying anecdotes about personal frailty as detailed in their candid new addiction memoirs. They can be rich and feel vaguely anti-establishment at the same time. At network-TV meetings, millionaire something comedy writers see how low they can go with torn jeans, T-shirts, and grimy Red Sox caps, while the only guys in coat and tie on the lot are the Honduran valet parkers. That grimy baseball cap signifies Harvard Lampoon alum, which opens the door to Hollywood comedy riches, in a process that can seem, to the uninitiated, truly bewildering and mysterious. What will best fire the small talk, and the resulting intimate connection, that invigorates the start of a pitch meeting? Mets cap? Cubs cap? Yankees cap? What if you went to UC Davis instead of Harvard—are you not as funny? What is the right note of irony to apply to your hip-hop speech, given that you are, in actuality, suburban, 33, and white? Oh, yes, the newfangled Xs now have not only the money, but also the anxiety. When I see those TV commercials of silverback Baby Boomers sprinting with vintage surfboards toward ever-higher-yielding money-market funds, I feel both Boomer derision and a gnawing dread that my own funds are not similarly accruing and in fact they are not—but maybe, to offset the losses, Brian Grazer will option my book? In the relatively affluent post—Cold War era, the search for self-expression has evolved into a desire to not have that self-expression challenged, which in turn necessitates living among people who think and feel just as you do. The struggle to better or to differentiate oneself determines most behavior. Not all neatly fit into a slot: for example, engineers of every stripe and physicians exhibit significant cross-class deportment. Covertly, the work can be called a guide to proper behavior and style. Fussell writes approvingly of top tier demeanor and acerbically of displays by the middle- class and proles. He laments prole drift , which is the inexorable? He says, for example, Princeton. Even the better classes have to wait in long lines, the quality of food degenerates, airline seating grows more cramped. Whether or not cultural decay is true in all areas, as Fussell maintains, prole drift has had vicious consequences in music. You cannot go anywhere today without being aurally assaulted by vile, vesicated music. Fussell proudly accepts the damning insult of elitist. There are aspects of culture that are better than others. One painting can be superior to another compare any Caravaggio with your best reproduction of it. A novel by Twain rates higher than one typed by Nora Roberts. What really distinguishes the classes, Fussell says, is the ability to know and acknowledge these distinctions and to aspire to what is better or best. Categories: Book review , Culture. The more schooling, the greater the respect for works of literature and art, different cultures and various types of music. Certainly, well-educated Americans see themselves as worldly, nuanced, and comfortable with difference. Education also should make us curious about- even eager to hear- different political points of view. The more educated Americans become- and the richer- the less likely they are to discuss politics with those who have different points of view. It made my toes curl. It exuded all that it pretended to dislike. By far the easiest company is the upper class, this would be followed by the lowest class. In fact, to be fair, the idea of class structure is a little over simplified, as I believe we all fall into groups defined by manner or values. Farmers, Vicars, local pillars of smaller communities generally mix well with lords and Ladies and are often friends. Birds of a feather flock together. If it were,, we could draw a graph and be done, or someone could. Stop making up unnecessarialaciousitudes. Fussell talked about Miss Manners, Ann Landers and the like. He said that those that produced guides of proper behavior were a modern invention aimed that the middle- class in order to take the place of the known rules of class behaviors that are implicitly or openly known in other cultures, such as in England. I always felt we were a pretty friendly bunch. All Americans think of themselves as middle class regardless of how much money they have, or the pigeon holes that others want to put them into. If you work for a living, you are middle class. Children are never too far removed from the class associations of their parrents. Purple is a very snotty color. The up-scale the man, the more color he will have in his wardrobe. Couri Hay, society columnist. We can choose to ignore it though. Now, I am wondering how the Chinese social system will be in, say, 10 years. How will it be compared to the one described in this book? There are occasional aberrations, like jae suggests: children who want celebrity, for example, or those that become political, but it is rare. Well, China has always had a hierarchy with the leaders and their ways being inscrutable. How does one become a top party member? The more capitalist, and free, China becomes, the more it appears like us. A Funny and Insightful Book About A Topic Nobody Wants to Discuss - Off the Shelf

The beginning was very informative, then it turns into a long series of examples of social class, ending with the artificial X group which was fun to read. Among the interesting tidbits of information is the granted by owning a Mercedes-Benz which, remarkably, the author says was very negative in Germany. According to this author in , Mercedes-Benz was a car "'which the intelligent young in West Germany regard, quite correctly, as 'a sign of high vulgarity, a car of the kind owned by Beverly Hills dentists or African cabinet ministers. It was also in a Mercedes-Benz that the president of Deutsche Bank, Alfred Herrhausen, was killed by a bomb which resulted "in a mass of copper being projected toward the car at a speed of nearly two kilometers per second, effectively penetrating the armoured Mercedes. Carlelis Nov 26, This covers observational class markers from the 's and early 's, having been published in It is woefully out of date for the 21st century, as class markers have shifted around. His book seems to me accurate, and should be read by non-Americans before venturing into the Great Republic. It will help with social success, and be a good guide as to which Americans you may feel comfortable with. I wonder how PF has fared in the age of the tea-party? Tawney "You reveal a great deal about your social class by the amount of annoyance or fury you feel when the subject is brought up. A tendency to get very anxious suggests that you are middle-class and nervous about slipping down a rung or two. On the other hand, upper-class people love the topic to come up: the more attention paid to the matter the better off they sem to be. Proletarians generally don't mind discussions of the subject because they know they can do little to alter their class identity. Thus the whole class matter is likely to seem like a joke to them— the upper classes fatuous in their empty aristocratic pretentiousness, the middles loathsome in their anxious gentility. It is the middle class that is highly class-sensitive, and sometimes class-scared to death. Fussell isn't interested in the underlying workings of class. He's concerned with the markers, the manifestations of class. Since the book is old, the markers are dated. But the book is a grand snapshot of its time, and I'd recommend it to anyone writing about the '70s and early '80s. Update: I read the edition. Apparently, the book was updated, so it might also be a useful snapshot of later class markers too. . Culture of the United States. Educational attainment in the United States. History of roller derby. Society of the United States. Home Groups Talk More Zeitgeist. I Agree This site uses cookies to deliver our services, improve performance, for analytics, and if not signed in for advertising. Your use of the site and services is subject to these policies and terms. Members Reviews Popularity Average rating Mentions 1, 17 12, 3. Based on careful research and told with grace and wit, Paul Fessell shows how everything people within American society do, say, and own reflects their social status. Detailing the lifestyles of each class, from the way they dress and where they live to their education and hobbies, Class is sure to entertain, enlighten, and occasionally enrage readers as they identify their own place in society and see how the other half lives. Read This Next No current Talk conversations about this book. This book is full of interesting insights about social class in the US. Uppers and Upper middles do not engage in a lot of creative work or analytical thinking, instead relying on tradition. Uppers live on inherited wealth, while Upper middles may include those financially successful through their own work, eg movie stars and entrepreneurs. Fussell argues that the American middle class has experienced "prole drift" dragging it downward and effectively joining it with the prole class. Whereas a university education used to be rarer and a clear class divider separating middles from the high school education of proles proletarians , Fussell reports that the vast proliferation of hundreds of mediocre "universities" in the U. This trend continued long after the book was published: there were 4, degree-granting postsecondary institutions in the U. Unlike the classes above and below, members of this group are insecure in their class status and are in constant fear of slipping down. Fussell notes that a fiberglass Chris- Craft was a common prole and middle class pleasure boat meant to ape the precious wood yachts of the upper class. Destitutes have virtually no capital or income , and include the incarcerated and the institutionalized , who are guarded by proles. Bottom out-of-sight are the homeless. Fussell argues that it is essentially impossible to change one's social class —up or down— but it is possible to extricate oneself from the class system. In the US, Middles and proles are conditioned to believe in meritocracy , despite class mobility being among the lowest in industrialized economies. X people dress comfortably, wearing L. Bean , Land's End , and thrift store purchases. They drink good wine without commenting on it, speak multiple languages, and generally disregard social norms because they have no interest in class status and disdain the Middles who are so concerned with it. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Main article: Affluence in the United States. Main article: in the United States. Universities Josh Moody, U. Economic Policy Institute. Social class. Status Stratum Economic classes. By demographic. Administrative detainee illegal immigrant Citizen dual or multiple native-born naturalized second-class Convicted Political Stateless Adolescent. Hanseaten Political .

Class: A Guide Through the American Status System by Paul Fussell – William M. Briggs

Share This Paper. Background Citations. Results Citations. Citation Type. Has PDF. Publication Type. More Filters. Classless: on Being Middle Class in America. Research Feed. What's the Matter with Social Class? Class signs, on the other hand, are visible everywhere. And the American class system has found no better canary, in my opinion, than in this mischievous . The lower-out-of-sighters share many qualities with the upper-out-of-sighters. We, the majority, rarely see either group. The homeless, the drug addicts, and the prostitutes are as invisible to us as the 1 percent of the 1 percent. The length of the driveway, Fussell says, is an important class indicator. But no group is outside the gaze and judgment of others. No person, however unique or individual they may perceive themselves to be, can escape their class indicators. Those who deny the existence of class in America are irrefutably projecting their middle-class sensibilities, for the middle class, more so than any other group, is an anxious bunch. They fear falling a few rungs, they fear appearing out of step, of seeming uncivilized or uneducated, of offending anyone or tarnishing their reputation. These are the people who preside over their front lawns with a neurotic obsessiveness, making sure no impurities break the surface. They prefer non-controversial art, like beach scenes or flying doves, they offer few opinions on politics, they rarely discuss sex. You can outrage people today simply by mentioning social class, very much the way, sipping tea among the aspidistras a century ago, you could silence a party by adverting too openly to sex. When, recently, asked what I am writing, I have answered, "A book about social class in America," people tend first to straighten their ties and sneak a glance at their cuffs to see how far fraying has advanced there. Then, a few minutes later, they silently get up and walk away. It is not just that I am feared as a class spy. It is as if I had said, "I am working on a book urging the beating to death of baby whales using the dead bodies of baby seals. Tawney's perception, in his book Equality : "The word 'class' is fraught with unpleasing associations, so that to linger upon it is apt to be interpreted as the symptom of a perverted mind and a jaundiced spirit. In his book Inequality in an Age of Decline , the sociologist Paul Blumberg goes so far as to call it "America's forbidden thought. One woman, asked by a couple of interviewers if she thought there were social classes in this country, answered: "It's the dirtiest thing I've ever heard of! A tendency to get very anxious suggests that you are middle-class and nervous about slipping down a rung or two. On the other hand, upper-class people love the topic to come up: the more attention paid to the matter the better off they seem to be. Proletarians generally don't mind discussions of the subject because they know they can do little to alter their class identity. Thus the whole class matter is likely to seem like a joke to them -- the upper classes fatuous in their empty aristocratic pretentiousness, the middles loathsome in their anxious gentility. It is the middle class that is highly class-sensitive, and sometimes class-scared to death. A representative of that class left his mark on a library copy of Russell Lynes's The Tastemakers Next to a passage patronizing the insecure decorating taste of the middle class and satirically contrasting its artistic behavior to that of some more sophisticated classes, this offended reader scrawled, in large capitals, "BULL SHIT! If you reveal your class by your outrage at the very topic, you reveal it also by the way you define the thing that's outraging you. At the bottom, people tend to believe that class is defined by the amount of money you have. In the middle, people grant that money has something to do with it, but think education and the kind of work you do almost equally important. Nearer the top, people perceive that taste, values, ideas, style, and behavior are indispensable criteria of class, regardless of money or occupation or education. One woman interviewed by Studs Terkel for Division Street: America clearly revealed her class as middle both by her uneasiness about the subject's being introduced and by her instinctive recourse to occupation as the essential class criterion. While still a boy, he was noticing that in the Pennsylvania town where he grew up, "older people do not treat others as equals. So powerful is "the fable of equality," as Frances Trollope called it when she toured America in , so embarrassed is the government to confront the subject -- in the thousands of measurements pouring from its bureaus, social class is not officially recognized -- that it's easy for visitors not to notice the way the class system works. A case in point is the experience of Walter Allen, the British novelist and literary critic. Before he came over here to teach at a college in the s, he imagined that "class scarcely existed in America, except, perhaps, as divisions between ethnic groups or successive waves of immigrants. Some Americans viewed with satisfaction the failure of the s TV series Beacon Hill, a drama of high society modeled on the British Upstairs, Downstairs, comforting themselves with the belief that this venture came to grief because there is no class system here to sustain interest in it. But they were mistaken. Beacon Hill failed to engage American viewers because it focused on perhaps the least interesting place in the indigenous class structure, the quasi-aristocratic upper class. Such a dramatization might have done better if it had dealt with places where everyone recognizes interesting class collisions occur -- the place where the upper-middle class meets the middle and resists its attempted incursions upward, or where the middle class does the same to the classes just below it. If foreigners often fall for the official propaganda of social equality, the locals tend to know what's what, even if they feel some uneasiness talking about it. When the acute black from the South asserts of an ambitious friend that "Joe can't class with the big folks," we feel in the presence of someone who's attended to actuality. Like the carpenter who says: "I hate to say there are classes, but it's just that people are more comfortable with people of like backgrounds. If you feel no need to explicate your allusions or in any way explain what you mean, you are probably talking with someone in your class. In this book I am going to deal with some of the visible and audible signs of social class, but I will be sticking largely with those that reflect choice. That means that I will not be considering matters of race, or, except now and then, religion or politics. Race is visible, but it is not chosen. Religion and politics, while usually chosen, don't show, except for the occasional front-yard shrine or car bumper sticker. When you look at a person you don't see "Roman Catholic" or "liberal": you see "hand-painted necktie" or "crappy polyester shirt"; you hear parameters or in regards to. In attempting to make sense of indicators like these, I have been guided by perception and feel rather than by any method that could be deemed "scientific," believing with Arthur Marwick, author of Class: Image and Reality , that "class The society changes faster than any other on earth, and the American, almost uniquely, can be puzzled about where, in the society, he stands. The things that conferred class in the s -- white linen golf knickers, chrome cocktail shakers, vests with white piping -- are, to put it mildly, unlikely to do so today.

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