DOCSLIB.ORG

Tirmaga Grammar, Aspects of (Bryant).Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tirmaga Grammar, Aspects of (Bryant).Pdf INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ASPECTS OF TIRMAGA GRAMMAR The members of the Committee approve the masters thesis of Michael Grayson Bryant Shin Ja Hwang Supervising Professor £7 0 Carol V. McKinney ^ g-^, Donald A. Burquest Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ASPECTS OF TIRMAGA GRAMMAR by MICHAEL GRAYSON BRYANT Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN LINGUISTICS THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 1999 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1395814 UMI Microform 1395814 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I sincerely appreciate Dr. Shin Ja Hwang, my supervising professor, who encouraged me and gave me many helpful insights during the process of this thesis. She and my other committee members Dr. Carol McKinney and Dr. Donald Burquest were a great assistance to me. A special thanks goes to Pete Unseth who helped me in the initial reviewing of my thesis. His encouragement to finish this project when I did not think I was able is greatly appreciated. I would also like to thank the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, the Ethiopian Ministry of Education, and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region Bureau of Culture and Information in both Mizan Teferi and Awasa for giving us the opportunity to work in the Tirmaga area. I am thankful to the Surma Wereda officials for inviting us to work in Tulge especially Ato Guldu, Ato Arebui, and Ato Mesfin. They have not only helped us in official matters but also with language analysis and orthography issues. My language teachers Bargola Dera (Olekibo) and Daniel Bambu (Kibo) were indispensable in helping me leam the Tirmaga language as well as many other Tirmaga people in the Tulge area. Bargola and Daniel have been patient with me in all of our language sessions especially when eliciting and recording language data from them time and again. Most of all I thank my wife Andrea who was very understanding of my many long hours of work while writing this thesis. Without her love and support this thesis would not have been completed. April 12,1999 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT ASPECTS OF TIRMAGA GRAMMAR Publication No. ______ Michael Grayson Bryant, MA. The University of Texas at Arlington, 1S99 Supervising Professor: Shin Ja Hwang Tirmaga is a language spoken in Southwest Ethiopia, which is part of a dialect cluster referred to as Chai-Tirma-Mursi (Dimmendaal 1998). Some research has been done in the Chai and Mursi dialects, but little has been done in Tirmaga. The data used are from both elicited and textual material. Using a descriptive approach, an overview of the Tirmaga phonology and grammar is presented. Although many of the Tirmaga tonal phenomena have yet to be described, grammatical tone is prevalent in the language marking case, person of subject, mode and voice. The case system is of interest because while it sometimes appears to have split ergative marking, it is actually a nominative-accusative system. The verb morphology is dealt with in detail covering such areas as TAM marking, valence adjusting devices, and participant reference marking. The final chapter presents some of the subordinate and coordinate clause combinations found in Tirmaga such as relative, temporal, reason, conjoined and contrastive clauses. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................viii UST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Thesis Overview .............................................................................................. 1 1 .2 'The Tirmaga People ....................................................................................... 2 1.3 Sociolinguistic Situation ................................................................................. 7 1.4 Language Classification ................................................................................. 10 1.5 Previous Linguistic Research ......................................................................... 11 1.6 Types of Data .................................................................................................. 13 1.7 Notation ........................................................................................................... 14 2. PHONOLOGY SKETCH ......................................................................................... 16 2.1 Consonants ...................................................................................................... 16 2.1.1 Plosives .............................................................................................. 17 2.1.2 Implosives .......................................................................................... 21 2.13 Fricatives .......................................................................................... 22 2.1.4 Nasals ................................................................................................ 23 2.1.5 Liquids ............................................................................................... 24 2.1.6 Approximants .................................................................................... 24 2.2 Vowels ............................................................................................................ 24 2.3 Lengthened Vowels ........................................................................................ 25 2.4 Geminates ....................................................................................................... 26 2.5 Tone ................................................................................................................ 28 2.6 Suffixes ........................................................................................................... 30 2.7 Prefixes ........................................................................................................... 35 3. TYPOLOGY AND GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES ......................................... 37 3.1 Morphological Typology ................................................................................ 37 3.1.1 Morphological Processes ................................................................... 39 3.1.2 Head/Dependent Marking ................................................................. 41 3.2 Constituent Order Typology .......................................................................... 41 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 33 Nouns .............................................................................................................. 43 33.1 Case .................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • East Sudanic ʽtreeʼ on the East Sudanic Tree
    Russian State University for the Humanities Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies Center of Comparative Linguistics 10th Annual Conference on Comparative-Historical Linguistics (in memory of Sergei Starostin) George Starostin (Center for Comparative Linguistics, Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities; Laboratory of Oriental and Comparative Studies, School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Russian Presidential Academy) Proto-East Sudanic ʽtreeʼ on the East Sudanic tree 1 General map of Nilo-Saharan and Eastern Sudanic languages (http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Nilo.html) 2 «Conservative»1 lexicostatistical classification of East Sudanic with glottochronological dates (based on etymological and distributional analysis of 50-item wordlists) 1 «Conservative» implies that cognate matchings are mostly based on known phonetic correspondences or on direct consonantal class matchings between potential cognates, as opposed to a more permissive understanding of phonetic similarity («à la Greenberg»). Datings given according to Sergei Starostin's glotto- chronological formula. Tree produced by StarLing software. All wordlists compiled by G. Starostin and gradually becoming available at the Global Lexicostatistical Database (http://starling.rinet.ru/new100). 3 «Tree» in particular branches of East Sudanic2 (A) Western Nilotic Singular Plural Singular Plural Acholi yàːt -í Shilluk yɛ Dho Alur — Päri yàː Lango yàt yèn Anywa ɟ ɟ - Luo Jur Luo yen Kumam yàt yàːt-á ~ yàt-ná Belanda Bor Dop Adhola yà yèn Proto-Northern Luo *yà- *yɛ-n Proto-Southern Luo *yà- *yɛ-n Kurmuk Burun Nuer ɟiat ɟen Mayak Burun yʌn Jumjum ɟâːn ɟ - Mabaan ɟâːn- ɟân- Proto-Mabaan-Burun *ya- *yʌ-n Proto-West Nilotic *ya- *yɛ-n 2 Note: the signs - and = denote easily segmented affixes (suffixes and prefixes); italicized forms denote transparent morphological innovations by analogy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Indigenous Languages in Southern Sudan: Educational Language Policy and Planning
    The Role of Indigenous Languages in Southern Sudan: Educational Language Policy and Planning H. Wani Rondyang A thesis submitted to the Institute of Education, University of London, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2007 Abstract This thesis aims to questions the language policy of Sudan's central government since independence in 1956. An investigation of the root causes of educational problems, which are seemingly linked to the current language policy, is examined throughout the thesis from Chapter 1 through 9. In specific terms, Chapter 1 foregrounds the discussion of the methods and methodology for this research purposely because the study is based, among other things, on the analysis of historical documents pertaining to events and processes of sociolinguistic significance for this study. The factors and sociolinguistic conditions behind the central government's Arabicisation policy which discourages multilingual development, relate the historical analysis in Chapter 3 to the actual language situation in the country described in Chapter 4. However, both chapters are viewed in the context of theoretical understanding of language situation within multilingualism in Chapter 2. The thesis argues that an accommodating language policy would accord a role for the indigenous Sudanese languages. By extension, it would encourage the development and promotion of those languages and cultures in an essentially linguistically and culturally diverse and multilingual country. Recommendations for such an alternative educational language policy are based on the historical and sociolinguistic findings in chapters 3 and 4 as well as in the subsequent discussions on language policy and planning proper in Chapters 5, where theoretical frameworks for examining such issues are explained, and Chapters 6 through 8, where Sudan's post-independence language policy is discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Mursi-English-Amharic Dictionary
    Mursi-English-Amharic Dictionary David Turton Moges Yigezu and Olisarali Olibui December 2008 Culture and Art Society of Ethiopia (CASE) is a non- profit, non-governmental Society operating in Ethiopia. The Society's mission is to document, nurture and promote the cultural and artistic practices, natural heritage, indigenous knowledge and socio-economic institutions of local communities in Ethiopia and to help these continue to play an active role in their lives. It is committed to fostering the continuation of all activities that the Ethiopian people see as signifying their cultural identity and traditional heritage. Indigenous institutions are imbued with the wisdom needed to keep society healthy, both in terms of economic /material well-being and spiritual satisfaction. They are also rich in ways of caring for and sustaining the environment and the landscape. CASE is committed to studying and promoting these traditional systems and institutions and to finding ways of preserving them as living practices for posterity. The Society is therefore interested in documenting and promoting the linguistic heritage of the Ethiopian people, with a particular focus on the least studied languages, such as that of the Mursi. It was in accordance with this part of its mission, therefore, that the Society supported the production of this dictionary. CASE would like to take this opportunity to thank The Christensen Fund, a USA based organization which provides support for the conservation and promotion of the traditions and natural environment of Ethiopia. CASE also extends its sincere appreciation to Dr David Turton of the African Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Dr. Moges Yigezu of the Department of Linguistics, Addis Ababa University and Ato Olisarali Olibui, of the Mursi community, for their efforts to produce this important work.
    [Show full text]
  • Suri Baale Dictionary-01
    Dadaba Dhugunogiy Surichɛn ko Aranjachɛn ko Gɔlachɛn ሱሪኛ- እንግሊዝኛ- አማርኛ መዝገበ ቃላት Suri-Amharic-English/English-Suri Dictionary Suri-English-Amharic Dictionary. 3rd edition. 2013. 400 copies. Michael Bryant, Kite Siralugu. Introduction This Suri-Amharic-English/English-Suri Dictionary contains around 1400 Suri words which are organized in alphabetical order and includes mainly the words describing the lifestyle, traditions etc. of the Suri people. It is hoped that this dictionary will be helpful for many people: those of any age who are learning about the Suri language and culture; for anyone doing translation from or into the Suri language; and for the Suri themselves who may desire to learn Amharic or English. Any improvements and suggestions would be appreciated. Suri Translation Project P.O. Box 2576 Addis Ababa Acknowledgments The Suri Translation Project is a project of the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus in cooperation with SIL Ethiopia. We want to thank the many Suri speakers who helped us with the editing of the dictionary. Some of them were Daniel Bambu, Bargola Dera, Gergere Siralugu, Aribhoroy Bhoshobarke, Barlusa Olekurɔbhatɔ, Bargola Lemudigir and Bardima Bhukolu. We also thank Dawit Adi-Burji and Mengistu Mulat who helped us with the Amharic definitions; Angela Roundy and the Suri students (Barshota, Bardasay, Barkabari, Bargute and others) who collected over fifty plant samples for botanical analysis and identification. The Suri language is spoken by the Suri people in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, in the Surma Wereda of the Bench-Maji Zone. Most of the people are located in the Kibish and Tulge valleys.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Nubian — Black African Language of Most Ancient Attestation
    1 Old Nubian — Black African Language of Most Ancient Attestation By Helmut Satzinger 1. Nubian Languages. Nubian is a dialect cluster, or a cluster of closely related languages. Nubian idioms were spoken in the Nile Valley between the 1st and the 3rd cataract (the greatest part of them has been displaced in the 1960s because of the flooding of their land), in the Kordofan mountains and in the Dar Fur Region. The Nubianlanguage areas suffered great losses in the past 125 years: In the Mahdist Wars many villagers were dispersed, if not killed in the fights; Nubian was replaced by Arabic as vernacular language in many places, especially in the South of the present Nubian-speaking area. After 1900, the Aswân Dam was built; the farmers of Lower Nubia lost their fields and therefore their economic basis. Many migrated to the towns in the north, in particular to Cairo. In the early 1960s the High Dam was erected south of Aswân, Lake Nasser (in Nubia: “Lake Nubia”) began to flood anything that remained from the Nubian lands in Egypt as well as in Northern Sudan. The Nubians had to settle elsewhere: the Egyptians mostly near Kôm Ombo, north of Aswân; the Sudanese (the "Halfâwis", from the district of Wâdi Halfa) near Khash el-Girba on the ‘Atbara River, near the Ethiopian border. Presently, dam projects (Merowe, Kajbar) cause severest irritation and opposition in the Sudanese Nile Valley. The 1980s brought particular desaster to the languages of many Sudanese peoples: the First Civil War 1965-72; 1983/1984 a horrid famine, with nearly 100,000 Darfûris left dead; the Second Civil War, 1983 to present, and in particular the Darfur Conflict,1 from 1 “The conventional point indicated to be the start of the conflict in Darfur was 26 February 2003, when a group calling itself the Darfur Liberation Front (DLF) publically claimed credit for an attack on Golo, the headquarters of Jebel Marra District.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Citizenship the Nuer Between Ethiopia and the Sudan ABORNE Workshop on Sudan’S Borders, April 2011 Dereje Feyissa
    Alternative citizenship The Nuer between Ethiopia and the Sudan ABORNE Workshop on Sudan’s Borders, April 2011 Dereje Feyissa Abstract A lot has been written about state borders as constraints to local populations who are often ‘artificially’ split into two and at times more national states (Asiwaju 1985; Kolossov 2005). The Nuer, like many other pastoral communities arbitrarily divided by a state border, have experienced the Ethio-Sudanese border as a constraint, in as much as they were cut off from wet season villages in the Sudan and dry season camps in Ethiopia. As recent literature on the border has shown, however, state borders function not only as constraints but also as opportunities (Nugent 2002), and even as ‘resources’ (Dereje and Hohene 2010). The paper examines how the Nuer have positively signified state border by tapping into - taking advantage of their cross-border settlements -fluctuating opportunity structures within the Ethiopian and Sudanese states through alternative citizenship. Nuer strategic action is reinforced by a flexible identity system within which border-crossing is a norm. Sudan's Southeastern frontier: The Toposa and their Neighbours (abstract) The Topòsa and some of their neighbours have long been among the groups in particular remoteness from the political and economic metabolism of the state system. Until recently, the borders of the Sudan with three other nations, Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia, that touch on their area could be considered mere notions and lines on maps of another world. This situation has substantially changed since the 2nd Sudanese Civil War – and with it the meaning of terms like “their area”.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Daily Prayer Guide for All Africa People Groups & All LR-Upgs = Least-Reached
    2020 Daily Prayer Guide for all Africa People Groups & Least-Reached-Unreached People Groups (LR-UPGs) Source: Joshua Project data, www.joshuaproject.net To order prayer resources or for inquiries, contact email: [email protected] 2020 Daily Prayer Guide for all Africa People Groups & all LR-UPGs = Least-Reached--Unreached People Groups. All 48 Africa countries & 8 islands & People Groups & LR-UPG are included. LR-UPG defin: less than 2% Evangelical & less than 5% total Christian Frontier definition = FR = 0.1% Christian or less AFRICA SUMMARY: 3,702 total Africa People Groups; 957 total Africa Least-Reached--Unreached People Groups. Downloaded in October 2019 from www.joshuaproject.net * * * Color code: green = begin new area; blue = begin new country shaded = LR-UPG; white-not shaded = not LR-UPG * * * "Prayer is not the only thing we can can do, but it is the most important thing we can do!" * * * Let's dream God's dreams, and fulfill God's visions -- God dreams of all people groups knowing & loving Him! * * * Revelation 7:9, "After this I looked and there before me was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb." standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb." Why Should We Pray For Unreached People Groups? * Missions & salvation of all people is God's plan, God's will, God's heart, God's dream, Gen. 3:9,15! * In the Great Commissions Jesus commanded us to reach all peoples in the world, Matt.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism and Its Discontents. Suri–Tourist Encounters in Southern Ethiopia*
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at VU JON ABBINK Tourism and its discontents. Suri–tourist encounters in southern Ethiopia* Tourism as an ‘avant-garde’ of globalisation Tourism is big business – the biggest in the world. Apart from its economic aspects, the social and cultural impact of tourist activity on local societies and places deserve attention. Tourism exchanges are predominantly about the production and valuation of images and ‘exotopic’ experiences (Harkin 1995). In its present, late twentieth-cen- tury form, tourism is the expression of a particular kind of consumer identity with a global, and globalising, impact. It emanates largely from societies that are relatively powerful and wealthy. Communities and places visited by tourists often undergo unforeseen changes due to the visitor’s unrelenting presence. While both positive (Boissevain 1986: Bruner and Kirshenblatt-Gimblett 1994) and negative aspects (cf. Sindiga 1996, Peake 1989) can be recognised, in most cases an essentially ‘transforma- tive’ role of the exchanges between tourists and locals is notable, though these need more extensive study in emerging contexts of globalisation (here defined as a trans- formative process of intensified contacts – via mass and electronic media and migration – between human collectivities and communities in the economic, political and cultural domains, forging new and more pervasive interrelations and dependency between social and cultural units of varying scale). This article is a reflection on the encounter of foreign tourists with the Surma or Suri1 people of southern Ethiopia, a relatively small ethnic group only recently ‘dis- covered’ by the tourist industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Surma, Suri Surma,Suri the Surma People Live in the Remote Southwest the Surma People Live in the Remote Southwest Alternate Names: Dhuri, Corner of Ethiopia
    Surma, Suri Surma,Suri The Surma people live in the remote southwest The Surma people live in the remote southwest Alternate names: Dhuri, corner of Ethiopia. They have a warm climate Alternate names: Dhuri, corner of Ethiopia. They have a warm climate Kachipo, Tirma year-round, warmer during the six-month dry Kachipo, Tirma year-round, warmer during the six-month dry Population: About 38,000 season. Their main source of food is the maize Population: About 38,000 season. Their main source of food is the maize Language: Suri and sorghum they grow, supplemented by Language: Suri and sorghum they grow, supplemented by Location: Only in Ethiopia, blood, milk and some meat. They get water from Location: Only in Ethiopia, blood, milk and some meat. They get water in Southwest Kafa region a stream and springs. They do little outside in Southwest Kafa region from a stream and springs. They do little near Sudan border; west of trading, but when they do trade with the Dizi for near Sudan border; west of outside trading, but when they do trade with Mizan Teferi salt and cloth, they trade cattle, honey or raw Mizan Teferi the Dizi for salt and cloth, they trade cattle, Religion: Ethnic religion gold. Their wealth is based on the number of Religion: Ethnic religion honey or raw gold. Their wealth is based on the % Christian: .6 % (75% cattle they own. They are highly monolingual % Christian: .6 % (75% number of cattle they own. They are highly Orthodox; 25% Protestant) and a homogenous group. They live beyond Orthodox; 25% Protestant) monolingual and a homogenous group.
    [Show full text]
  • Beja Versus Nilo-Saharan: on the Lexical Witness of Mutual Contacts
    FOLIA ORIENTALIA VOL. 51 2014 Václav Blažek Department of Linguistics and Baltic Studies Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno Czech Republic [email protected] BEJA VERSUS NILO-SAHARAN: ON THE LEXICAL WITNESS OF MUTUAL CONTACTS Abstract. In the article the mutual lexical connections between Beja and Nilo-Saharan neighbors, namely Nile-Nubian, Kunama and Nara, are summarized and analyzed from the point of view to determine the orientation of vector of borrowing. Keywords: Beja, Nilo-Saharan, Nubian, Kunama, Nara = Barea, language contact, lexical borrowing. In the recent time, namely in the 19th and 20th centuries, the Beja dialects were in a direct contact with three Nilo-Saharan groups: A. Nubian, represented by its northernmost branches, Nobiin and Kenuzi & Dongola; B. Kunama; C. Nara (= Barea). The main purpose of this study is to map these mutual contacts and to determine the vectors of borrowings. For this reason the Cushitic or Afroasiatic cognates for Beja and Nilo-Saharan cognates for Nubian, Kunama and Nara are analyzed. Most of the present comparisons were proposed by Reinisch 1874, 1890, 1895, 1911 (R74, R90, R95, R11), and summarized by Murray 1923 (M) A. Beja-Nubian lexical parallels 1. Beja émbaḍ, émbaj “(Stroh)matte” (R95, 16) = b’aḍ & umb’aḍ “birsh matting” (Roper) Nubian: KDM nébid “mat, bedding”, K also níbit (R11, 111; M 128). The primary source should be sought in Egyptian (New Kingdom) nbd “flechten; Flechtwerk, Geflochtenes (Korb, Sieb etc.)” (Wb. II, 246), Demotic nbt “to 319 Václav Blažek wrap; wicker-work”, Coptic Bohairic nubt “to weave”, nebti “plait, tress” (Černý 1976, 107).
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Daily Prayer Guide for All Africa People
    2021 Daily Prayer Guide for all Africa People Groups & Least-Reached-Unreached People Groups (LR-UPGs) Source: Joshua Project; www.joshuaproject.net To order prayer resources or for inquiries, contact email: [email protected] 2021 Daily Prayer Guide for all Africa People Groups & all LR-UPGs = Least-Reached--Unreached People Groups. 49 Africa countries & 9 islands & People Groups & LR-UPG are included. AFRICA SUMMARY: 3,713 total People Groups; 996 total Least-Reached--Unreached People Groups. Downloaded in August 2020 from www.joshuaproject.net LR-UPG defin: less than 2% Evangelical & less than 5% total Christian Frontier (FR) definition: 0% to 0.1% Christian Why pray--God loves lost: world UPGs = 7,407; Frontier = 5,042. * * * Color code: green = begin new area; blue = begin new country * * * "Prayer is not the only thing we can can do, but it is the most important thing we can do!" * * * Let's dream God's dreams, and fulfill God's visions -- God dreams of all people groups knowing & loving Him! * * * Revelation 7:9, "After this I looked and there before me was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb." Why Should We Pray For Unreached People Groups? * Missions & salvation of all people is God's plan, God's will, God's heart, God's dream, Gen. 3:15! * In the Great Commissions Jesus commands us to reach all peoples in the world, Matt. 28:19-20! * People without Jesus are eternally lost, & Jesus is the only One who can save them, John 14:6! * We have been given "the ministry & message of reconciliation", in Christ, 2 Cor.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    ISSN: 2347-7474 International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Available online at: www.ijassh.com RESEARCH ARTICLE Sketch Morphology and Syntax of Me’enit Eba Teresa Garoma*, Amanuel Raga Yadate Jimma University, Ethiopia *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] Abstract The purpose of this study is to briefly present the sketch morphology and syntax of Me’enit language, the south- eastern Surmic sub-family of the Eastern Sudanic branch of the Nilo-Saharan Phylum. The research method used mainly in the study is qualitative. Different linguistic data are gathered through elicitation and storytelling from native speakers, which appropriate tools for linguistic fieldwork. Descriptive accounts are made on morphology and syntax of the language. Me’enit has two major word classes: nouns and verbs. Nouns are described in terms of number, gender, nominalization and pronouns. Verbs are also discussed in line with the different tenses, aspects, verb to be/copula and verb to have. Adjectives, adverbs, ad positions, conjunctions, numerals and calendar system are also discussed in the study. Syntax is also dealt with incorporating simple declarative, interrogative, imperative and passive sentences with their illustrations. Major phrases of Me’enit, such as noun phrases and verb phrases are presented with sufficient data. Keywords: Sketch Morphology, Sketch Syntax, Me’enit, Me’en, Nilo-Saharan. Introduction Literatures in ethno-graphic and linguistics studies and neighbouring ethnic groups represent Me’enit people by various names. Some of the names are Bodi, Mekan, Me’en, Tishena, Sur, Shuro, and Daim. However, the people name themselves and their languages too “Me’enit”. Me’enit people recently inhabit in the lowlands of eastern Omo, being neighboured by the Mursi people (people speaking one of the Omotic languages in Ethiopia) in the south, and scattered in Me’enit Goldeya and Me’enit Shasha Woreds, which are found in Bench Maji Zone of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS, from now onwards) in Ethiopia.
    [Show full text]