Nubian Numerals
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Dongola 2015–2016
Book chapter title: Women in the Southwest Annex Authors: Adam Łajtar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3842-2180 Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-4261 Book: Dongola 2015–2016. Fieldwork, conservation and site management Editors: W. Godlewski, D. Dzierzbicka, & A. Łajtar Series: PCMA Excavation Series 5 Year: 2018 Pages: 75–78 https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323534877.pp.75-78 Publisher: Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw (PCMA UW); University of Warsaw Press www.pcma.uw.edu.pl – [email protected] – [email protected] www.wuw.pl How to cite this chapter: Łajtar, A., and van Gerven Oei, V.W.J. (2018). Women in the Southwest Annex. In W. Godlewski, D. Dzierzbicka, & A. Łajtar (Eds.), Dongola 2015–2016. Fieldwork, conservation and site management (pp. 75–78). PCMA Excavation Series 5. Warsaw: University of Warsaw Press. https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323534877.pp.75-78 DONGOLA 2015–2016 FIELDWORK, CONSERVATION AND SITE MANAGEMENT EDITORS Włodzimierz GodleWski dorota dzierzbicka adam łajtar POLISH CENTRE OF MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW POLISH CENTRE OF MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW PCMA Excavation Series 5 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Piotr Bieliński Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz Wiktor Andrzej Daszewski Michał Gawlikowski Włodzimierz Godlewski Tomasz Waliszewski EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Jean Charles Balty Charles Bonnet Giorgio Bucellatti Stan Hendrickx Johanna Holaubek PARTNERS IN THE PROJECT POLISH CENTRE OF MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW QATAR-SUDAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL -
2 September 2006 Page 1
Satzinger 11th Conference of Nubian Studies; Warsaw, 27 August - 2 September 2006 Page 1 The Nubian Language / Dialect Group Desasters: • Mahdist wars, 1880s • The First Civil War 1965-72, • The Second Civil War, 1983 to present, Darfûr Conflict, from 2001/2002/2003 onwards. • 1983/1984 a horrid famine, with nearly 100,000 Darfûris left dead • Aswân Dam, after 1900 • High Dam, after 1960 It is hard to tell what is the present situation of all those tiny groups of speakers of various languages in the area: extinction, deplacement, decimation, enslavement. The pre-war situation was like this: Hill Nubian G h u l f â n : 16,000 speakers (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, K o r d o f a n , in two hill ranges 25 to 30 miles south of Dilling: Ghulfan Kurgul and Ghulfan Morung. K a d a r u : 12,360 speakers (2000 “WCD”). Northern Sudan, K o r d o f a n Province, Nuba mountains, Kadaru Hills between Dilling and Delami. D i l l i n g : 5,295 speakers (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Southern K o r d o f a n , town of Dilling and surrounding hills, including Kudr. D â i r : 1,000 speakers (1978 “GR”). Northern Sudan, west and south parts of Jebel Dair, K o r d o f a n . E l - H u g e i r â t : 200 speakers (2000 Brenzinger). Northern Sudan, West K o r d o f a n on El Hugeirat Hills. K a r k o : 12,986 speakers (1984 R. -
Oldnubian.Pdf
CONTENTS Włodzimierz Godlewski, Adam Łajtar Foreword xiii Abbreviations xv Map xix GENERAL Eugenio Fantusati Three “Italian” graffiti from Semna and Begrawiya North ........................... 3 Gerald Lauche Sitte Masmas — the life and work of Gertrud von Massenbach (1883-1975) .............. 7 Samia Bashir Dafa’alla Macadam’s files. Notebooks and manuscripts in the personal custody of Professor Abdelgadir Mahmoud Abdalla ........................................................ 13 Constanza De Simone Activities for the preservation of Nubian heritage at the UNESCO Cairo Office ............ 19 Krzysztof Grzymski Gebel Adda revisited ...................................................... 25 Ahmed Siddig Babiker The contribution of archaeology to the Sudanese heritage ............................ 31 Faisal Mohd Musa Transference of kingship from the Anag to the Fung in the Sennar Kingdom .............. 35 FIELDWORK Claudia Na¨ser The Great Hafir at Musawwarat es-Sufra. Fieldwork of the archaeological mission of Humboldt University Berlin in 2005 and 2006 ............................................ 39 Azhari Mustafa Sadig Es-Sour, a Late Neolithic site in the neighborhood of Meroe. First and second seasons 2005–2006 47 Julie Rene´e Anderson and Salah el-Din Mohamed Ahmed Bread, the Staff of Life: recent discoveries at Dangeil, Sudan .......................... 55 Henryk Paner, Aleksandra Pudło, Zbigniew Borcowski Funerary customs in the GAME Fourth Cataract concession in the light of radiocarbon analysis ............................................................... -
Language Typology and Syntactic Description
1 Coordination Martin Haspelmath 0 Introduction The term coordination refers to syntactic constructions in which two or more units of the same type are combined into a larger unit and still have the same semantic relations with other surrounding elements. The units may be words (e.g. verbs (1a)), phrases (e.g. noun phrases (1b)), subordinate clauses (e.g. (1c)) or full sentences (e.g. (1d)). (1) a. My husband supports and adores Juventus Turin b. My uncle or your in-laws or the neighbours will come to visit us c. I realize that you were right and that I was mistaken d. The Pope dissolved the Jesuit order, and all the Indian missions were abandoned All languages appear to possess coordination constructions (or coordinate con- structions) of some kind, but there is a lot of cross-linguistic variation. Individual languages may possess a wealth of different coordinate constructions that relate to each other in complex ways. It is the purpose of this chapter to introduce and discuss a wide range of conceptual distinctions that are useful for describing the cross-linguistic and language-internal variation. This entails the use of a large number of technical terms (printed in boldface on first occurrence), each of which is explained and illustrated as it is introduced. Terminological issues are discussed further in an appendix. The particle or affix that serves to link the units of a coordinate construction is called the coordinator. In (1) and in the other numbered examples in this chap- ter, the coordinator is printed in boldface. By far the most frequently occurring coordinator is ‘and’ (i.e. -
The Case of Dongolawi Nubian
Taha A. Taha Florida A & M University The lexicon in endangered languages: The case of Dongolawi Nubian Abstract. Lexical change and attrition is one of the main signs or symptoms of language endangerment that can eventually lead to structural changes. And although the phenomenon of language endangerment/death has received much attention in sociolinguistic studies, the changes in vocabulary associated with it has not been given the same attention. This paper examines the sociolinguistic situation of Dongolawi Nubian*, a language variety that belongs to the Eastern- Sudanic group of the Nilo-Saharan family which is spoken in the northern region of Sudan. More specifically, the paper analyses a sample of DN lexicon with the purpose of identifying the extent of semantic change, including lexical change, attrition, borrowing, and other additions. Analysis of data reflects extensive borrowing from Sudanese Arabic (SA), loss of items associated with traditional ways of life, some of which are replaced while others are not. The study indicates that, despite heavy borrowing, the basic structure of the language variety still remains intact, with no apparent major changes in syntax such as word order. Hence, it is argued that the DN situation is not hopelessly irreversible, and that the variety could still be revitalized as long as there is willingness, commitment, and collaboration of efforts and resources on the part of policy makers, speakers of the language variety, and other organizations concerned with language endangerment. Keywords: Dongolawi Nubian, endangerment, Sudan Arabic, attrition, borrowing. * The following abbreviations are used in reference to different language varieties: Ar. =Arabic; DN = Dongolawi Nubian; Eng = English; Egy. -
East Sudanic ʽtreeʼ on the East Sudanic Tree
Russian State University for the Humanities Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies Center of Comparative Linguistics 10th Annual Conference on Comparative-Historical Linguistics (in memory of Sergei Starostin) George Starostin (Center for Comparative Linguistics, Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities; Laboratory of Oriental and Comparative Studies, School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Russian Presidential Academy) Proto-East Sudanic ʽtreeʼ on the East Sudanic tree 1 General map of Nilo-Saharan and Eastern Sudanic languages (http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Nilo.html) 2 «Conservative»1 lexicostatistical classification of East Sudanic with glottochronological dates (based on etymological and distributional analysis of 50-item wordlists) 1 «Conservative» implies that cognate matchings are mostly based on known phonetic correspondences or on direct consonantal class matchings between potential cognates, as opposed to a more permissive understanding of phonetic similarity («à la Greenberg»). Datings given according to Sergei Starostin's glotto- chronological formula. Tree produced by StarLing software. All wordlists compiled by G. Starostin and gradually becoming available at the Global Lexicostatistical Database (http://starling.rinet.ru/new100). 3 «Tree» in particular branches of East Sudanic2 (A) Western Nilotic Singular Plural Singular Plural Acholi yàːt -í Shilluk yɛ Dho Alur — Päri yàː Lango yàt yèn Anywa ɟ ɟ - Luo Jur Luo yen Kumam yàt yàːt-á ~ yàt-ná Belanda Bor Dop Adhola yà yèn Proto-Northern Luo *yà- *yɛ-n Proto-Southern Luo *yà- *yɛ-n Kurmuk Burun Nuer ɟiat ɟen Mayak Burun yʌn Jumjum ɟâːn ɟ - Mabaan ɟâːn- ɟân- Proto-Mabaan-Burun *ya- *yʌ-n Proto-West Nilotic *ya- *yɛ-n 2 Note: the signs - and = denote easily segmented affixes (suffixes and prefixes); italicized forms denote transparent morphological innovations by analogy. -
A Brief Description of the Nobiin Language and History by Nubantood Khalil, (Nubian Language Society)
A brief description of the Nobiin language and history By Nubantood Khalil, (Nubian Language Society) Nobiin language Nobiin (also called Mahas-Fadichcha) is a Nile-Nubian language (North Eastern Sudanic, Nilo-Saharan) descendent from Old Nubian, spoken along the Nile in northern Sudan and southern Egypt and by thousands of refugees in Europe and the US. Nobiin is classified as a member of the Nubian language family along with Kenzi/Dongolese in upper Nubia, Meidob in North Darfur, Birgid in Central and South Darfur, and the Hill Nubian languages in Southern Kordofan. Figure 1. The Nubian Family (Bechhaus 2011:15) Central Nubian Western Northern Nubian Nubian ▪ Nobiin ▪ Meidob ▪ Old Nubian Birgid Hill Nubians Kenzi/ Donglese In the 1960's, large numbers of Nobiin speakers were forcibly displaced away from their historical land by the Nile Rivers in both Egypt and Sudan due to the construction of the High Dam near Aswan. Prior to that forcible displacement, Nobiin was primarily spoken in the region between the first cataract of the Nile in southern Egypt, to Kerma, in the north of Sudan. The following map of southern Egypt and Sudan encompasses the areas in which Nobiin speakers have historically resided (from Thelwall & Schadeberg, 1983: 228). Nubia Nubia is the land of the ancient African civilization. It is located in southern Egypt along the Nile River banks and extends into the land that is known as “Sudan”. The region Nubia had experienced writing since a long time ago. During the ancient period of the Kingdoms of Kush, 1 | P a g e the Kushite/Nubians used the hieroglyphic writing system. -
Mursi-English-Amharic Dictionary
Mursi-English-Amharic Dictionary David Turton Moges Yigezu and Olisarali Olibui December 2008 Culture and Art Society of Ethiopia (CASE) is a non- profit, non-governmental Society operating in Ethiopia. The Society's mission is to document, nurture and promote the cultural and artistic practices, natural heritage, indigenous knowledge and socio-economic institutions of local communities in Ethiopia and to help these continue to play an active role in their lives. It is committed to fostering the continuation of all activities that the Ethiopian people see as signifying their cultural identity and traditional heritage. Indigenous institutions are imbued with the wisdom needed to keep society healthy, both in terms of economic /material well-being and spiritual satisfaction. They are also rich in ways of caring for and sustaining the environment and the landscape. CASE is committed to studying and promoting these traditional systems and institutions and to finding ways of preserving them as living practices for posterity. The Society is therefore interested in documenting and promoting the linguistic heritage of the Ethiopian people, with a particular focus on the least studied languages, such as that of the Mursi. It was in accordance with this part of its mission, therefore, that the Society supported the production of this dictionary. CASE would like to take this opportunity to thank The Christensen Fund, a USA based organization which provides support for the conservation and promotion of the traditions and natural environment of Ethiopia. CASE also extends its sincere appreciation to Dr David Turton of the African Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Dr. Moges Yigezu of the Department of Linguistics, Addis Ababa University and Ato Olisarali Olibui, of the Mursi community, for their efforts to produce this important work. -
Segment Reversal in Kuliak and Its Relationship to Nilo- Saharan
SEGMENT REVERSAL IN KULIAK AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO NILO- SAHARAN DRAFT ONLY NOT TO BE QUOTED WITHOUT PERMISSION Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Segment reversal in Kuliak Roger Blench Circulation draft TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Brief introduction to the Kuliak languages............................................................................................... 1 3. A brief introduction to Kuliak morphology.............................................................................................. 4 4. Data .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 4.2 VC nominal and verbal affixes.............................................................................................................. 11 4.3 Examples where segment reversal is also attested elsewhere ............................................................... 11 5. And what is the explanation?................................................................................................................... 13 References ..................................................................................................................................................... -
From the Yellow Nile to the Blue Nile. the Quest for Water and the Diffusion of Northern East Sudanic Languages from the Fourth to the First Millenia BCE"
This lecture was delivered in ECAS 2009 (3rd European Conference on African Studies, Panel 142: African waters - water in Africa, barriers, paths, and resources: their impact on language, literature and history of people) in Leipzig, 4 to 7 June 2009. "From the Yellow Nile to the Blue Nile. The quest for water and the diffusion of Northern East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millenia BCE". Dr. Claude Rilly (CNRS-LLACAN, Paris) The quest for water and hence, for food supply, is a key issue in the appearance and diffusion of languages in the Sahelian regions of Africa. Climate changes, as occurred from the end of Neolithic period down to the second millenium BCE, played a major role in the redistribution of populations along the Nile river and its tributaries and can explain the appearance of a recently defined linguistic family, namely Northern East Sudanic (NES). This paper must be considered as a synthesis of several recent publications I wrote on this subject, so that I shall have to refer the reader, more often than not, to these earlier studies. Detailed demonstration of all these points would require much more time than is allotted to me. The Northern East Sudanic language group In his seminal study published in 1963, J. H. Greenberg divided the languages of Africa into four major phyla or superfamilies, namely Afroasiatic, Niger-Congo, Khoisan and Nilo-Saharan. If the three first phyla were more or less obvious, Nilo-Saharan was not so easily constituted, requiring from Greenberg a long work to merge twelve different families into one phylum. -
A Descriptive Study on Keiga Language of the Nuba Mountains in Sudan
Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate Studies A Descriptive Study on Keiga Language of the Nuba Mountains in Sudan دراسة وصفية للغة كيقا بجبال النوبة بالسودان A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of MA in English Applied Linguistics Submitted by: Adam Farajalla Attiya Kuku Supervised by: Dr. Abbas Mukhtar Mohammed November 2017 DEDICATION This research is dedicated to the souls of my parents. May God‟s mercy be upon them. To my partner in life, my wife and my sons. May God bless them all. I also dedicate this work to entire Keiga and Kakoolo Communities and to the National Council for Developing and Promoting the Sudanese Languages as well as to my colleagues. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My thankfulness and gratitude to God, the Almighty who gave me the vision, help and inspiration to do this work. I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Abbas Mukhtar Mohammed for the indispensable guidance which he offered me in supervising this thesis and for the continued help, advice encouragement and interest throughout this work. My thanks are extended to the Dean of the College of Languages and entire staff who professionally paved the way for me to accomplish this research. II ABSTRACT The research aims to describe the Keiga Language. Issues such as the word formation and phonology in the Keiga language, were covered and lights were shed on the verbs and tenses. Contrastive studies were made between the Keiga language and Kakoolo group of languages with regard to, word formation and tenses. -
Do You Speak Kordofanian?
Do you speak Kordofanian ? Nicolas Quint To cite this version: Nicolas Quint. Do you speak Kordofanian ?. 7th International Sudan Studies Conference April 6th- 8th, 2006, University of Bergen, Norway, 2006, Bergen, Norway. 15p. halshs-00171745 HAL Id: halshs-00171745 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00171745 Submitted on 13 Sep 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 7th International Sudan Studies Conference "Fifty Years After Independence : Sudan's Quest for Peace, Stability and Identity" April 6th-8th, 2006, University of Bergen, Norway, p. 1 Do you speak Kordofanian ? In the very center of the Republic of the Sudan, the province of South-Kordofan is home to several tens of diverse indigenous communities, each of which speaks (alongside with Arabic, the main vehicular of that region) a tongue of their own. The aim of this communication is twofold : - 1. to give a short introduction to the Kordofanian phylum, which regroups more than one half of the languages spoken today in the Nuba mountains. - 2. to illustrate the most sailent features of Kordofanian languages through a selection of data taken from a case-study, namely Koalib, a Kordofanian language spoken in and around the cities of Delami, Umm Berembeita and Abri, in the Eastern Jebels of South Kordofan.