A Brief Description of the Nobiin Language and History by Nubantood Khalil, (Nubian Language Society)
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Contents 1 The Archaeology of Medieval Islamic Frontiers: An Introduction A. Asa Eger 3 Part I. The Western Frontiers: The Maghrib and The Mediterranean Sea 2 Ibāḍī Boundaries and Defense in the Jabal Nafūsa (Libya) Anthony J. Lauricella 31 3 Guarding a Well- Ordered Space on a Mediterranean Island Renata Holod and Tarek Kahlaoui 47 4 Conceptualizing the Islamic- Byzantine Maritime Frontier Ian Randall 80 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Part II. The SouthernNOT FOR Frontiers: DISTRIBUTION Egypt and Nubia 5 Monetization across the Nubian Border: A Hypothetical Model Giovanni R. Ruffini 105 6 The Land of Ṭarī’ and Some New Thoughts on Its Location Jana Eger 119 Part III. The Eastern Frontiers: The Caucasus and Central Asia 7 Overlapping Social and Political Boundaries: Borders of the Sasanian Empire and the Muslim Caliphate in the Caucasus Karim Alizadeh 139 8 Buddhism on the Shores of the Black Sea: The North Caucasus Frontier between the Muslims, Byzantines, and Khazars Tasha Vorderstrasse 168 9 Making Worlds at the Edge of Everywhere: Politics of Place in Medieval Armenia Kathryn J. Franklin 195 About the Authors 225 Index 229 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION vi Contents 1 In the last decade, archaeologists have increasingly The Archaeology of focused their attention on the frontiers of the Islamic Medieval Islamic Frontiers world, partly as a response to the political conflicts in central Middle Eastern lands. In response to this trend, An Introduction a session on “Islamic Frontiers and Borders in the Near East and Mediterranean” was held at the American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR) Annual Meet- A. Asa Eger ings, from 2011 through 2013. -
Humanitarian Situation Report No. 19 Q3 2020 Highlights
Sudan Humanitarian Situation Report No. 19 Q3 2020 UNICEF and partners assess damage to communities in southern Khartoum. Sudan was significantly affected by heavy flooding this summer, destroying many homes and displacing families. @RESPECTMEDIA PlPl Reporting Period: July-September 2020 Highlights Situation in Numbers • Flash floods in several states and heavy rains in upriver countries caused the White and Blue Nile rivers to overflow, damaging households and in- 5.39 million frastructure. Almost 850,000 people have been directly affected and children in need of could be multiplied ten-fold as water and mosquito borne diseases devel- humanitarian assistance op as flood waters recede. 9.3 million • All educational institutions have remained closed since March due to people in need COVID-19 and term realignments and are now due to open again on the 22 November. 1 million • Peace talks between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Revolu- internally displaced children tionary Front concluded following an agreement in Juba signed on 3 Oc- tober. This has consolidated humanitarian access to the majority of the 1.8 million Jebel Mara region at the heart of Darfur. internally displaced people 379,355 South Sudanese child refugees 729,530 South Sudanese refugees (Sudan HNO 2020) UNICEF Appeal 2020 US $147.1 million Funding Status (in US$) Funds Fundi received, ng $60M gap, $70M Carry- forward, $17M *This table shows % progress towards key targets as well as % funding available for each sector. Funding available includes funds received in the current year and carry-over from the previous year. 1 Funding Overview and Partnerships UNICEF’s 2020 Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) appeal for Sudan requires US$147.11 million to address the new and protracted needs of the afflicted population. -
Sudan Food Security Outlook Report
SUDAN Food Security Outlook February to September 2019 Deteriorating macroeconomic conditions to drive high levels of acute food insecurity in 2019 KEY MESSAGES • Food security has seasonally improved with increased cereal Current food security outcomes, February 2019 availability following the November to February harvest. However, the macroeconomic situation remains very poor and is expected to further deteriorate throughout the projection period, and this will drive continued extremely high food and non-food prices. The negative impacts of high food prices will be somewhat mitigated by the fact that livestock prices and wage labor are also increasing, though overall purchasing power will remain below average. A higher number of households than is typical will face Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or worse outcomes through September. • Between June and September, the lean season in Sudan, Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes are expected in parts of Red Sea, Kassala, Al Gadarif, Blue Nile, West Kordofan, North Kordofan, South Kordofan, and Greater Darfur. Of highest concern are the IDPs in SPLM-N controlled areas of South Kordofan and SPLA-AW controlled areas of Jebel Marra, who have been inaccessible for both assessments and food assistance deliveries. IDPs in these areas are expected to be in Source: FEWS NET FEWS NET classification is IPC-compatible. IPC-compatible analysis follows Emergency (IPC Phase 4) during the August-September peak key IPC protocols but does not necessarily reflect the consensus of national of the lean season. food security partners. • The June to September 2019 rainy season is forecasted to be above average. This is anticipated to lead to flooding in mid-2019 and increase the prevalence of waterborne disease. -
Race, Rebellion, and Arab Muslim Slavery : the Zanj Rebellion in Iraq, 869 - 883 C.E
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Race, rebellion, and Arab Muslim slavery : the Zanj Rebellion in Iraq, 869 - 883 C.E. Nicholas C. McLeod University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, African History Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, History of Religion Commons, Islamic Studies Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation McLeod, Nicholas C., "Race, rebellion, and Arab Muslim slavery : the Zanj Rebellion in Iraq, 869 - 883 C.E." (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2381. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2381 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RACE, REBELLION, AND ARAB MUSLIM SLAVERY: THE ZANJ REBELLION IN IRAQ, 869 - 883 C.E. By Nicholas C. McLeod B.A., Bucknell University, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts In Pan-African Studies Department of Pan-African Studies University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2016 Copyright 2016 by Nicholas C. -
Oldnubian.Pdf
CONTENTS Włodzimierz Godlewski, Adam Łajtar Foreword xiii Abbreviations xv Map xix GENERAL Eugenio Fantusati Three “Italian” graffiti from Semna and Begrawiya North ........................... 3 Gerald Lauche Sitte Masmas — the life and work of Gertrud von Massenbach (1883-1975) .............. 7 Samia Bashir Dafa’alla Macadam’s files. Notebooks and manuscripts in the personal custody of Professor Abdelgadir Mahmoud Abdalla ........................................................ 13 Constanza De Simone Activities for the preservation of Nubian heritage at the UNESCO Cairo Office ............ 19 Krzysztof Grzymski Gebel Adda revisited ...................................................... 25 Ahmed Siddig Babiker The contribution of archaeology to the Sudanese heritage ............................ 31 Faisal Mohd Musa Transference of kingship from the Anag to the Fung in the Sennar Kingdom .............. 35 FIELDWORK Claudia Na¨ser The Great Hafir at Musawwarat es-Sufra. Fieldwork of the archaeological mission of Humboldt University Berlin in 2005 and 2006 ............................................ 39 Azhari Mustafa Sadig Es-Sour, a Late Neolithic site in the neighborhood of Meroe. First and second seasons 2005–2006 47 Julie Rene´e Anderson and Salah el-Din Mohamed Ahmed Bread, the Staff of Life: recent discoveries at Dangeil, Sudan .......................... 55 Henryk Paner, Aleksandra Pudło, Zbigniew Borcowski Funerary customs in the GAME Fourth Cataract concession in the light of radiocarbon analysis ............................................................... -
The Muslim Caliphates Ringmar, Erik
The Muslim Caliphates Ringmar, Erik Published in: History of International Relations 2016 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ringmar, E. (Accepted/In press). The Muslim Caliphates. In History of International Relations Open Book Publishers. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Dear reader, This is a first draft of the chapter on the Muslim caliphates for the textbook on the history of international relations that I'm working on. Chapters on the Mongol empire, India, Africa and the Americas will follow. Since this is a draft I'm very keen to hear your comments. Get in touch: [email protected] The book will be published by Open Book Publishers, out of Cambridge, hopefully next year. -
Sudan a Country Study.Pdf
A Country Study: Sudan An Nilain Mosque, at the site of the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile in Khartoum Federal Research Division Library of Congress Edited by Helen Chapin Metz Research Completed June 1991 Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Preface Country Profile Country Geography Society Economy Transportation Government and Politics National Security Introduction Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Thomas Ofcansky) Early History Cush Meroe Christian Nubia The Coming of Islam The Arabs The Decline of Christian Nubia The Rule of the Kashif The Funj The Fur The Turkiyah, 1821-85 The Mahdiyah, 1884-98 The Khalifa Reconquest of Sudan The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, 1899-1955 Britain's Southern Policy Rise of Sudanese Nationalism The Road to Independence The South and the Unity of Sudan Independent Sudan The Politics of Independence The Abbud Military Government, 1958-64 Return to Civilian Rule, 1964-69 The Nimeiri Era, 1969-85 Revolutionary Command Council The Southern Problem Political Developments National Reconciliation The Transitional Military Council Sadiq Al Mahdi and Coalition Governments Chapter 2 - The Society and its Environment (Robert O. Collins) Physical Setting Geographical Regions Soils Hydrology Climate Population Ethnicity Language Ethnic Groups The Muslim Peoples Non-Muslim Peoples Migration Regionalism and Ethnicity The Social Order Northern Arabized Communities Southern Communities Urban and National Elites Women and the Family Religious -
The Case of Dongolawi Nubian
Taha A. Taha Florida A & M University The lexicon in endangered languages: The case of Dongolawi Nubian Abstract. Lexical change and attrition is one of the main signs or symptoms of language endangerment that can eventually lead to structural changes. And although the phenomenon of language endangerment/death has received much attention in sociolinguistic studies, the changes in vocabulary associated with it has not been given the same attention. This paper examines the sociolinguistic situation of Dongolawi Nubian*, a language variety that belongs to the Eastern- Sudanic group of the Nilo-Saharan family which is spoken in the northern region of Sudan. More specifically, the paper analyses a sample of DN lexicon with the purpose of identifying the extent of semantic change, including lexical change, attrition, borrowing, and other additions. Analysis of data reflects extensive borrowing from Sudanese Arabic (SA), loss of items associated with traditional ways of life, some of which are replaced while others are not. The study indicates that, despite heavy borrowing, the basic structure of the language variety still remains intact, with no apparent major changes in syntax such as word order. Hence, it is argued that the DN situation is not hopelessly irreversible, and that the variety could still be revitalized as long as there is willingness, commitment, and collaboration of efforts and resources on the part of policy makers, speakers of the language variety, and other organizations concerned with language endangerment. Keywords: Dongolawi Nubian, endangerment, Sudan Arabic, attrition, borrowing. * The following abbreviations are used in reference to different language varieties: Ar. =Arabic; DN = Dongolawi Nubian; Eng = English; Egy. -
Graffiti-As-Devotion.Pdf
lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/ i lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/ lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/ iii Edited by Geoff Emberling and Suzanne Davis Along the Nile and Beyond Kelsey Museum Publication 16 Kelsey Museum of Archaeology University of Michigan, 2019 lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/ iv Graffiti as Devotion along the Nile and Beyond The Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, Ann Arbor 48109 © 2019 by The Kelsey Museum of Archaeology and the individual authors All rights reserved Published 2019 ISBN-13: 978-0-9906623-9-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019944110 Kelsey Museum Publication 16 Series Editor Leslie Schramer Cover design by Eric Campbell This book was published in conjunction with the special exhibition Graffiti as Devotion along the Nile: El-Kurru, Sudan, held at the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The exhibition, curated by Geoff Emberling and Suzanne Davis, was on view from 23 August 2019 through 29 March 2020. An online version of the exhibition can be viewed at http://exhibitions.kelsey.lsa.umich.edu/graffiti-el-kurru Funding for this publication was provided by the University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts and the University of Michigan Office of Research. This book is available direct from ISD Book Distributors: 70 Enterprise Drive, Suite 2 Bristol, CT 06010, USA Telephone: (860) 584-6546 Email: [email protected] Web: www.isdistribution.com A PDF is available for free download at https://lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/publications.html Printed in South Korea by Four Colour Print Group, Louisville, Kentucky. ♾ This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). -
Introduction
Cambridge University Press 0521001358 - Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora Michael A. Gomez Excerpt More information Introduction The dawn of the twenty-first century finds persons of varying ethnic and racial and religious backgrounds living together in societies all over the globe. The United Kingdom and France in Europe, together with the United States and Brazil in the Americas, are perhaps only the better known of many such societies, a principal dynamic of which concerns how groups maintain their identities while forming new and viable communities with those who do not share their backgrounds or beliefs. To achieve the latter requires a willingness on the part of all to learn about the histories and cultures of everyone in the society. This book is about people of African descent who found (and find) themselves living either outside of the African continent or in parts of Africa that were territorially quite distant from their lands of birth. It is a history of their experiences, contributions, victories, and struggles, and it is primarily concerned with massive movements and extensive relocations, over long periods of time, resulting in the dispersal of Africans and their descendants throughout much of the world. This phenomenon is referred to as the African Diaspora. Redistributions of European and Asian populations have also marked history, but the African Diaspora is unique in its formation. It is a story, or a collection of stories, like no other. As an undergraduate text, this book is written at a time of con- siderable perplexity, ambiguity, and seeming contradiction. People of African descent, or black people, can be found in all walks of life. -
Edward Lipiński
ROCZNIK ORIENTALISTYCZNY, T. LXIV, Z. 2, 2011, (s. 87–104) EDWARD LIPIŃSKI Meroitic (Review article)1 Abstract Meroitic is attested by written records found in the Nile valley of northern Sudan and dating from the 3rd century B.C. through the 5th century A.D. They are inscribed in a particular script, either hieroglyphic or more often cursive, which has been deciphered, although our understanding of the language is very limited. Basing himself on about fifty words, the meaning of which is relatively well established, on a few morphological features and phonetic correspondences, Claude Rilly proposes to regard Meroitic as a North-Eastern Sudanic tongue of the Nilo-Saharan language family and to classify it in the same group as Nubian (Sudan), Nara (Eritrea), Taman (Chad), and Nyima (Sudan). The examination of the fifty words in question shows instead that most of them seem to belong to the Afro-Asiatic vocabulary, in particular Semitic, with some Egyptian loanwords and lexical Cushitic analogies. The limited lexical material at our disposal and the extremely poor knowledge of the verbal system prevent us from a more precise classification of Meroitic in the Afro-Asiatic phylum. In fact, the only system of classification of languages is the genealogical one, founded on the genetic and historical connection between languages as determined by phonological and morpho-syntactic correspondences, with confirmation, wherever possible, from history, archaeology, and kindred sciences. Meroitic is believed to be the native language of ancient Nubia, attested by written records which date from the 3rd century B.C. through the 5th century A.D. -
(I): War in South Kordofan
Sudan’s Spreading Conflict (I): War in South Kordofan Africa Report N°198 | 14 February 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Roots of Persistent Conflict ....................................................................................... 3 A. Continued Marginalisation ........................................................................................ 4 B. Changing Ethnic Dynamics ....................................................................................... 8 III. Failure of the CPA ............................................................................................................. 11 IV. Outbreak of Fighting and the Still-born Framework Agreement ................................... 17 V. All-Out Conflict ................................................................................................................ 20 VI. The Humanitarian Crisis .................................................................................................. 27 VII. Regional and Wider