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LIST OF FIGURES

1. Goddess riding on crescent, gold pendant, Minet el-Beida (after Negbi, 1976, fig. 117). 2. Goddess with crescents in headdress, riding on lioness, gold pendant, Minet el-Beida (after Negbi, 1976, fig. 118). 3. Goddess riding on lioness, gold pendant, Minet el-Beida (after Negbi, 1976, fig. 119). 4. Qudsu stela, Egypt (after ANEP, fig. 471). 5. Qudsu stela, Egypt (after ANEP, fig. 472). 6. Qudsu stela, Egypt (after ANEP, fig. 473). 7. Head of goddess over rudders of opposed ships, cylinder seal (after Teissier, 1996, fig. 206). 8. Goddess riding on lionesses, god sitting on bull calf, cylinder seal, Minet el­ Beida (after Schaeffer-Forrer, 1983, p. 16). 9. Palm tree flanked by goats, riding on lioness, painted pithos, Kuntillet cAjrud (after Keel, 1992, fig. 219). 10. Ship with storm god and totem animals, cylinder seal, Tell el-Dabca (after Porada, 1984, ill. 1). 11. Goddess symbols on coins, (after L. Muller, 1861, nos. 32 & 284). 12. Sign of Tinnit on clay pellet (after Gubel, 1993, fig. 27). 13. Crescent-and-disk motif combined with the sign of Tinnit, three sacrificial stelae, Carthage (after Hours-Miedan, 1950, pl. VI.e,h,j). 14. Tinnit on a dolphin, sacrificial stela, Constantine (after Bertrandy, 1987, no. 2). 15. Tinnit and fish, sacrificial stela, Carthage (after Hours-Miedan, 1950, pl. XXIIl.e). 16. Signs of Tinnit and caduceus on ship's standards, sacrificial stela, Carthage (after Bartoloni, 1979, pl. LXI.a). 17. Sign of Tinnit and anchor, sacrificial stela (after Bertrandy, 1987, no. 92). 18. Caduceus on ship's prow, sacrificial stela, Carthage (after Hours-Miedan, 1950, pl. XXXIX.d). 19. Ship's stem with enshrined figurine, sacrificial stela, Carthage (after Hours­ Miedan, 1950, pl. XXXIX.c). 20. Ship's rudder, dolphin, and sign of Tinnit, sacrificial stela, Carthage (after Hours-Miedan, 1950, pl. XXXVIII.f). 21. Warship with lioness headed prow, riding on hippokamp, coin, (after Moscati, 1988, p. 72). 22. Warship with horse headed prow, riding on hippokamp, coin, Byblos (after Babelon, 1910, no. 858). 23. "Marine god" on his hippokamp, coin, Tyre (after Dussaud, 1946-48, fig. 3). 24. Smiting god on prow of Phoenician warship, tomb painting, Kef el-Blida (after Ferron, 1968, p. 52). 25. Milqart on metal bowl, and on razor from the necropolis of Saint Monica (after Barnett, 1969, fig. 1; Bonnet, 1988, pl. IV, fig. 11). 26. Milqart on seals (after Culican, 1960-61, figs. l.a,b). 27. Milqart on inscribed stela, Aleppo (after Cornelius, fig. 31c). 28. Greek Herakles on a raft, seal (after Courbaud, 1892, p. 274). 29. Phoenician fishtailed creature, seal (after Bordreuil, 1986, no. 28).

125 126 Each Man Cried Out to His God

30. Greek Herakles battles fishtailed creature, Attic red-figured vase (after Shepard, 1940, fig. 55). 31. Phoenician fishtailed creature, coin, Aradus (after Dussaud, 1946-48, fig. 1). 32. Greek Herakles battles fishtailed creature, Attic red-figured vase (after Shepard, 1940, fig. 54). 33. Byblos, architectural overview (after Saghieh, 1983, plan II). 34. Byblos, stone anchors from Tower Temple (after Frost, 1969a, figs. 23-28). 35. Byblos, stone anchors from Temple of Obelisks (after Frost, 1969a, figs. 1-4). 36. Byblos, stone anchors from the Sacred Enclosure (after Frost, 1969a, figs. 17- 22). 37. Byblos, bronze model ship with rudder from votive cache, Field of Offerings (after Dunand, 1937-58, pl. LXIX, no. 10089). 38. Byblos, two bronze model ships from votive cache, Field of Offerings (after Dunand, 1937-58, pl. LXXIV, nos. 10642 & 10643). 39. Byblos, two of ten bronze model ships from votive cache, Temple of Obelisks (after Dunand, 1937-58, fig. 874, nos. 15069 & 15070). 40. Byblos, stone anchor from Necropolis "K" (after Salles, 1980, pl. 28.1). 41. , plan showing distribution of anchors on the tell and concentration around the Temple of Ba'1 (after Frost, 1991, pl. I.a). 42. Ugarit, stone anchors from Temple of Ba'1 (after Frost, 1991, pl. III.1-6). 43. Ugarit, plan showing the find spots of anchors from the Temple of Ba'1 (after Frost, 1991, pl. I.b). 44. Ugarit, stone anchors from Temple of Ba'1 (after Frost, 1991, pl. IV.7-9, 11-16). 45. Ugarit, plan of Temple of Ba'1 (1) and Temple of Dagnu (2) on the of the site (after Yon, 1984, fig. 2). 46. Stone anchors from graves at Ugarit (22) and Minet el-Beida (36 &37) (after Frost, 1991, pl. VII, no. 22 & pl. X, nos. 36 & 37). 47. Anchor 36 in situ in grave, Minet el-Beida (after Frost, 1991, pl. X, no. 36a). 48. Kition-Bamboula, second phase of Cypro-Archaic sanctuary with votive weight anchor (after Caubet, 1984, fig. 2). 49. Kition-Bamboula, third phase of Cypro-Archaic sanctuary with votive stone anchor stock (after Caubet, 1984, fig. 5). 50. Kition-Bamboula, find spots of weight anchor (K80) and anchor stock (K81), and details of both anchors (after Frost, 1982, figs. 1, 3, & 5). 51. Tell Sakas, tripartite sanctuary with anchor in "holy of holies" (after Riis, 1970, fig. 23). 52. Tell Tacyinat, tripartite temple (after Haines, 1971, pl. 103). 53. cAin Dara, tripartite temple (after Abou-Assaf, 1990, Ab. 14). 54. Nahariyah, site plan showing isolated nature of sanctuary and proximity to the sea and freshwater spring at water's edge; detailed plan of shrine (after Ben-Dor, 1950, figs. 2 & 3). 55. Ashkelon, artist's rendition of shrine outside city rampart showing proximity to the northern gate and the sea (after Stager, 1991, p. 4). 56. Tel Mevorakh, map of site and possible Late roadways, detail of temple (after Stern, 1984, figs. II & V). 57. Makmish ("Northeastern Hillock"), site plan showing distance from ("Northern Hill" & "High Tell"), the sea, and nearby rivulet (after Herzog, 1989, fig. 1.2). 58. Tell Sakas, plan of sanctuary isolated from settlement (after Riis, 1979, fig. 220). 59. Kommos, plan of isolated shrine near coast (after Shaw, 1989, fig. 3).