YON, Marguerite — Kition Dans Les Textes. Testimonia Lit- Téraires Et

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Greek and Phoenician inscriptions from Idalion, and the com- plete dossier of Cimon and his Athenians beleaguering Kition; the dossiers of Andocides and Abdymon; the battle against Euagoras of Salamis; more inscriptions from Idalion and Tamasos dated to king Milkiyaton (392-362 B.C.). Some of them are bilingual: in Phoenician and in syllabic Greek (p. 78-81). Testimonia for the reign of Pumayyaton (Pygmalion); Alexander the Great and his successors; the Ptolemaean and Roman hegemonies; the bishopries of Cyprus (p. 47-94). Chapter IV offers the textual evidence on famous persons from Kition; in the first place the philosopher Zeno, founder of the Stoa (p. 96-125). Inscriptions about Kitians in Athens, Delos, Rhodos, etc. Three concern Noumènios, a Greek name meaning “Of the New Moon”, in Phoenician BenÌodes, MaÌdas “Son of Newmoon” (nos. 71, 165-166) (p. 81, 132- 144). See for such “translations” of names p. 23. The second part of the book, all the inscriptions found in Kition, begins with an introduction and continues with three Sections, organised according to language. “Pour la période qui va du IXe à la fin du IVe siècle av. J.-C., on ne s’éton- nera pas de trouver presque uniquement des inscriptions en phénicien (environ 150 numéros). Puis les inscriptions en grec sont en majorité écrasante (plus de 220 numéros) à par- tir du rattachement de Chypre au royaume lagide, qui mar- que son entrée dans le monde hellénistique” (p. 159). The first Section presents the Phoenician inscriptions, beginning SYRIË – PALESTINA with the drawings of inscriptions seen by Pococke in 1738 (p. 172). The inscriptions published in Kition III (1977) are repeated (p. 173-194); those published later follow, and in YON, Marguerite — Kition dans les textes. Testimonia lit- addition 11 fragmentary that remained unpublished (p. 194- téraires et épigraphiques et Corpus des inscriptions. 204). M.G. Amadasi Guzzo contributes an update of the bib- Kition-Bamboula V. Éditions Recherche sur les Civili- liography of Kition III, with discussions of various problems sations (erc), Paris, 2004 (29,7 cm, 380). ISBN 2-86538- (p. 205-215). 292-3. / 44,-. Here, this reviewer has a suggestion. What does krsym This book gives full information on all that is known of mean? (p. 206 f.) Scholars have thought of Cretans, Corsi- Kition (Larnaca, Cyprus) according to the ancient texts. The cans, etc. They are mercenaries and this will remind us in the sources are given in their original languages (except Biblical first place of the Carians. And indeed, the Caria is named Grs Hebrew) and are followed by French translations, notes and in Egypt and Karsa in cuneiform texts; R. Zadok, Répertoire bibliographies. The inscriptions republished here are often Géographique des Textes Cunéiformes 8 (1985) 198; add given in sharp photos. The introduction discusses topics like VAS 6 123:3, 8 (= NRVU 553). New refs. in unpublished the Kittim in the Bible (p. 14-16), the title “king of Kition texts in the British Museum were discovered by C. Waerzeg- and Idalion (and Tamasos)” (p. 18 f.), the identity of the city gers, “The Carians of Borsippa”, Iraq 58 (2006) 1-22. The Qartihadasht, the “Carthage” of Cyprus (p. 19-22), the pres- prophecy on Tyre in Ezekiel 27:10 speaks of mercenaries ence of Kitians in Greece (for example in bilingual inscrip- from “Persia, Lud and Put”. It has been suggested that Caria tions) (p. 22 f.). The first part of the book offers (read Krs, not Prs), Lydia and Libya are meant. — R. Zadok “témoignages littéraires et épigraphiques mentionnant made the same identification in his broad article on the Car- Kition”. First, geographical information found in Classical ians in cuneiform texts; Tel Aviv 32 (2005) 80-100. authors like Strabo, Pliny, Ptolemy; and Cyprus on the Tab- M. Sznycer publishes inscriptions on sherds, excavated ula Peutingerana (p. 25-31). Then the chapter “Origines”, between 1976 and 1990, and a stela (p. 217-227). Some of about Kition in the Bible (including its Greek translation with the Phoenician inscriptions are long and famous; an exam- its own interpretation), Flavius Josephus; Ugaritic texts and ple is the “tropaeum” inscription recently published (p. 201 archaic inscriptions like the Nora Stela (Sardinia), followed no. 1144), or the expenses of the temple of Astarte mention- by later traditions in Ovid, early Christian writers, Byzantine ing the “dogs” among its personnel (p. 185 no. 1078). In the scholars, Jewish sources (p. 33-45). Chapter III is about inscription about “the sacrifice of hair” (H. Puech), the argu- Kition in historical periods (from 750 B.C.): Biblical and ment for this interpretation, the word glb, “to shear”, is now Classical sources (some contemporary, like Ezekiel’s read plb (p. 188 no. 1100:1). prophecy on Tyre), Assyrian royal inscriptions; add to the Section 2 gives 229 Greek inscriptions, in alphabetic writ- bibliography on the flight of Lulî (Eululaeos) to Cyprus (p. ing (p. 231-336), and 12 in Cypriote syllabic writing (p. 337- 50): N. Na’aman, “Sargon II and the rebellion of the Cypri- 342). No. 2002 (p. 237) speaks of the thiasos tôn pres- ote kings against Shil†a of Tyre”, Or NS 67 (1998) 239-247. buterôn, relevant for the study of Semitic marzeaÌ. Section Furthermore, KAI 31; the Kittim in the Arad ostraca 3 offers two Latin inscriptions (p. 343 f.). (given in transliteration and translation; p. 56-58), syllabic In Section 4 (p. 345-354), Fl. Malbran-Labat gives a new edition of the stela of Sargon II of Assyria, found in Larnaca, 0109_BIOR_2007_3-4_01 26-09-2007 13:14 Pagina 346

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now in Berlin; known to Assyriologists as VAS 1 no. 71; see the partial translation by R. Borger in TUAT I/4 (1984) 385 f. (with bibliography; also the article by Na’aman in OrNS 67, mentioned above). She collated the text. Section 5 republishes a fragment of an Egyptian stela found in 1990 (“Stèle magique minitiature”) and a vase mentioning Amasis (p. 355-357). Section 6 offers11 inscriptions in Cypro-Minoan (p. 359-364); Section 7: a bowl with an inscription in the alphabetic cuneiform script, known from Ugarit (p. 365 f.). This book is a monument itself.

NINO-Leiden, March 2007 M. STOL

KORTE AANKONDIGING

ELAYI, J. — ‘Abd’Astart Ier / Straton de Sidon: un roi phéni- cien entre Orient et Occident. Transeuphratène, Supplé- ment 12. Éditions Gabalda, Paris, 2005. (24 cm, 191). ISBN 2-85021-163-1, ISSN 0575-0741. / 54,-. This book is the only biography of a Phoenician king. He reigned from 365 till 352 B.C. Under the name Straton he was an emblematic figure (an exemplum) in the literature of the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D.: a tragic Oriental king who had lived in luxury (Athenaeus, Aelianus, Maximus of Tyre). Since E. Renan the interest in him renewed (Chapter I). In Chapter II we read that the well known “temple boy” inscribed with an inscription of Ba’al-shillem should be his son: our man when he was a child (p. 34); a discussion on the meaning of the “temple boys” follows. Chapter III: at some point during the long reign of his father he appears on Sidonite coins which means that he was designated as suc- cessor. The rebellion and conquests of Euagoras of Cyprus at this time. Chapter IV, on his reign, describes the extent of the kingdom, his tasks as king, the internal political system; Diodorus Siculus is an important source. Sidon as the possi- ble capital of Abar-Nahara (p. 89). Chapter V investigates the Greek influences: the “Tower of Straton” (Caesarea), the laudatory inscription from Athens (p. 99-105), the sarcopha- gus “des Pleureuses” (p. 105-113); Greek art (p. 116-124). Chapter IV, “La rupture avec les Perses”: did he participate in the great rebellion of 360 B.C.? (p. 125-138). The Baby- lonian Chronicle no. 9 says that Artaxerxes III took prison- ers from Sidon in his “fourteenth” reignal year. His fourth year (355) is more fitting and collations showed that the read- ing “4” is possible (p. 129-132). Mazday (Mazaios), satrape of Abar-nahara and Cilicia, appears in Sidon since this time as supervisor and he created his own Sidonite coinage (p. 133-139). Later traditions on the death of the king (p. 141- 144). He was succeeded by Tennes.