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VOL. VII, No. 3 WASHINGTON, D. C. MARCH, 1930 From A Nicaraguan Garden

By MARGARET W. MUNRO A FEW minutes ago Peggy darted into the Only yesterday I returned from the city to find room shouting, “Mother, come quick! the children screaming with rage because the There's an enchanted prince in our back nurse wouldn't let them attend the death of a baby yard!” boa in the garden. It did seem cruel to keep them 1 don't wonder she thought so. The tremendous so far out of reach at such a time, for the boa toad, squatting beside the woodpile and blinking was only 6 feet long and had come to eat baby his onion eyes, was just about the most repulsive chicks, not children. This is the second harmless object I have ever boa they have done seen. He must have to death over my been nearly a foot pea-vines, and the in diameter, and results are disas¬ heaved his sides un¬ trous and final. We pleasantly when the have labored in puppy yapped at vain, and this is him front the arms then all. There of the gardener. never was a garden “The prince will so molested. send poison into First of all, I set Buster’s eyes if I out tomato vines, let him go,” Julio which I raised in a explained, and the box on the legation children hastily balcony, and they backed off. “Poke did very well until him away,” said a hungry cow “But, mother,” the broke through the children protested, fence and devoured “If he is a prince ?” every one. Peggy “Anyway, he’ll like called me early that it better in the field,” I argued; so that is what morning to say that a lovely mother oxen with they are doing now, gently and with great con¬ her baby oxen was right out in our garden, eating sideration. while Buster is tied up beside me. something. A few days ago it was a poisonous little snake So we built a stronger fence, and planted more that coiled out of the woodpile, but Julio deftly tomatoes, they being all we had to plant at that secured it in an old candy box and presented it to time. Their disappearance was more gradual and a collecting Marine. more mysterious, a branch at a time. Iguanas! 77 Another fence was put up within the original one, I forgot to say that one thing did flourish. The and we planted for a third time. A fascinating fence posts grew up into fine shade trees! assortment of vegetable seeds had just arrived from home, and we had the remainder of the old corral pick-axed and the soil carefully prepared before we thrust the new seeds into the ground. Nothing came up, for the ants ate up the seeds as soon as we covered them. The next lot we soaked in kerosene, and they did come up, but not where we planted them; the ants carried them a short distance before they discovered the dis¬ agreeable flavor and dropped them slightly out of line. These untidy rows grew fairly well, for only the baby iguanas could squeeze through the fine wire, and although they did their best a good many plants got ahead of them. Then came the leaf-cutting ants and removed a large section of our hortaliza over night. The next day we spent in plugging their underground entrances and suffocating them with bisulphide fumes, but the main army tunneled from a jungly place across the road where it was impossible to locate their hole. So the “zompopos” continue to pester us and we them whenever a brigade appears. Again we soaked and planted, having little else to do, and wondering more and more why there was anything green to eat in Nicaragua. And again the seedlings came up, but by this time the dry season was again upon us, and the problem of irrigation became acute. Our water supply de¬ pended on the wind, and for two weeks at a time no wind blew. “Pipas” of water were carted in for domestic use, but nothing could be done for the garden. A few yellow bantam stalks and a Photo by O. Gaylord Marsh patch of eggplants were all that survived the drought. The corn looked rather promising, tas- seled out, and even developed a few puny ears. Our excitement was great. Early every morning we visited the garden to see which stalks had EVANGELINE’S WELL, new ears, we counted them again and again, we knew each one thoroughly. Then one dreadful GRAND PRE day the children came in aghast. The corn-field had gone flat! We followed them to the tragic scene, where every stalk lay limp on the ground. “Farther down, on the slope of the hill, was the The “gardener” joined the sad procession and well with its moss-grown solemnly shook his head. Such a pity, he la¬ mented, when only last night he had poured Bucket, fastened with iron, and near it a trough crude oil around each stalk to protect it against for the horses.” the 3 nts! Only the eggplants remained, and I may say “Vast meadows stretched to the eastward, giving righi here that I hope never to see another. From what the Major in charge of the penitentiary the village its name, and pasture to flocks gardsn tells me, I gather that the prisoners feel without number.” the same way about them, and have begun feeding them to the hogs. From now on I shall devote myself to petunias. c^SV> 78 Basil Miles: An Appreciation

By WILLIAM FRANKLIN SANDS THE idea of a career in Foreign Service for considered as rewards for political lame ducks and the United States is by no means a new one, minor but useful party workers, and during that nor does the present Service include the period a number of situations and traditions took only “career” diplomats we have ever had; not shape which are the cause of a good many of our all were amateurs before the Rogers Act, which routine diplomatic annoyances today. Together relieved trained men from political caprice and with the growth of new nations to the south of which goes far on the desirable road of saving us and of European extensions to the Far East trained men from the vicissitudes of caprice with¬ came realization of the importance to America of in the Department. both those vast regions and of the urgent need of The various attempts to develop a service com¬ trained expert representation in each. In the mensurate to America’s peeds, to make a national meantime, the social feature of diplomacy had service of the finest quality; the efforts to that begun to assume undue proportions in the minds end of various men who saw in diplomacy a of some of our younger casual representatives, career, and their adventures with political place centering as diplomacy did about the life of Euro¬ hunters or with egotists who looked upon the De¬ pean courts and capitals. Grover Cleveland and partment as a private institution rather than as a Richard Olney determined to develop a highly public service of vital importance to the nation trained and permanent corps of experts to make would make an interesting study for present day themselves thoroughly familiar with the “prob¬ Service men. lems of the Pacific” before taking any European There have been many such men in the Service, post. The writer of this sketch was one of the not continuously, but perhaps not (for that very two first “permanent” diplomats to be appointed reason) less completely rounded diplomats than by them for this purpose; Ambassador Fletcher is others who have spent their time consecutively in the sole survivor. In the next year President Mc¬ office. Kinley wiped out these beginnings from top to When we entered international affairs, diplo¬ bottom. macy as the means of their proper conduct was With the Spanish War, the entrance of the based upon the general agreements of the Con¬ United States into overseas administration and the gress of Vienna, was essentially dynastic and pro¬ vivid personality of Roosevelt (and, by no means foundly influenced by that arch type of dynastic negligible: under the stirring inspiration of Rud- diplomatist. Prince Metternich. yard Kipling), a new wide horizon opened up to Our first diplomatic negotiators were chosen American youth; diplomacy took on a new mean¬ for specific purposes from men who had taken an ing. Joined in their minds with the administra¬ essential part in the development of the colonies tion of great colonial dependencies, young men and the formation of the new union of sovereign began to look upon diplomacy as a permanent and states; men who were leaders in business and glorious career, leading not only to ambassador¬ politics and of the calibre of Secretaries of State ships but to the palaces of Governors General, and Presidents. They were not expected to be and they began to train themselves accordingly. permanent. We feared European diplomacy and “Harry” White was one of those who sought to the whole system upon which it was based; but perfect himself for an ambassadorial career. One we accepted the form of the conventions set up of the most picturesque was William Woodville by the Congress of Vienna since we found therein Rockhill, graduate of St. Cyr; an officer of the the recognized tools with which we had to work. Foreign Legion of France; a student of Chinese That system responded perfectly to our growing at the Paris School of Oriental languages; a cow- national needs, and lasted until all the claims to puncher in the Southwest by day, continuing his the North American continent of the three great Chinese studies by night; clerk in a business house European overseas powers, France, England and in China, chief clerk of the State Department; Spain, were fully liquidated in our favor. Minister to China and explorer, disguised as a With full emancipation from the shadow of Chinese, in Tibet; Assistant Secretary of State European territorial claims came that loose period and Chief of the Pan-American Bureau. Cam¬ of political distribution of party spoils, during eron Forbes and Beekman Winthrop united first which diplomatic and consular posts abroad (like rate diplomacy with administrative ability of a post offices and port collectorships at home) were high order as governors of dependencies. These 79 men, each in his quite different line, were high charge of their publication, “The Nation’s Busi¬ types of the American diplomat, corresponding ness.” After a tour of duty with the State De¬ perfectly to our varied national needs, among partment and with the Conference on Limitation which a vastly important one is that our diplo¬ of Armaments, he was selected to be administra¬ mats should not be moulded to a uniform, un¬ tive Commissioner of the International Chamber varying pattern—as was, for a certain period, the of Commerce at Paris, in which post he died. In fashion. 1915 he was one of the assistants to the Secretary Under Roosevelt’s long occupancy of the White General of the Pan American Financial Confer¬ House a private institution grew in Washington ence under Secretary McAdoo. That was a test which has had an interesting effect upon our more of organization. The Secretary of the Treasury recent diplomatic traditions. A group of young was ill. Appropriations could not be touched. The men in public service formed a mess at 1718 H delegates were arriving. Nothing had been ar¬ Street. There were State Department men, Con¬ ranged. The Secretary General had not yet been gressmen, men from other executive departments, officially appointed. Unless one were to contem¬ colonial administrators, army men and with them plate a total failure something had to be done at men like Willard Straight, artist, diplomat, finan¬ once. Miles and the present writer pulled it some¬ cier and adventurer, and Cazenavet, the French how into shape, got word to McAdoo that they diplomat banker. It was one of those unofficial, were expending appropriations without authority, unapparent and extraneous things which affect a were given blanket power by him up to a fixed whole generation as some unobtrusive school¬ amount, and turned over a going conference to master may. These junior officers were “Sons of the Secretary General upon his arrival, which Empire.” By reason of their connection with then, under his able hands, developed a complete various executive branches of the Government or success. with Congress, they were aware of the conditions The outstanding organization work of Miles’ from which policy grows. Their contacts with life, one requiring the ripest judgment, a cool foreign lands were wide, if not more intimate or head, great tact, diplomatic knowledge, and cour¬ more mature than might be expected of their age to take responsibility for unprecedented acts, youth. Several of them had experience in some was the Relief of Prisoners of War in Russia. degree of those things which make America and The Relief work was under the Embassy. The on which American diplomacy is based. All of position of American Ambassador at Petersburg them have had a hand in shaping our present in 1916-17 was not an enviable one. He was a courses, though not all in the way some had hoped, neutral where all his colleagues were allies. The for colonial administrators have been generally Ambassador had seen long and distinguished serv¬ chosen from the broad ranks of national political ice in political life at home, but was an old man, life; from those of the civil service who accom¬ broken by the unprecedented burdens of war, in¬ panied our first pro-consuls in some secretarial trigue, impending revolution and total lack of com¬ capacity, or among officers of the Army and Navy prehension of European mentality. As a “busi¬ upon whom temporary civil duties devolved after ness” Ambassador in ordinary times, he would military occupation. have established a fine record. Caught in the com¬ Basil Miles was one of this group and an ex¬ plexities of a thousand things for which there was cellent example of the type of diplomat and ad¬ no precedent and into which not even the dis¬ ministrator developed by the Roosevelt influence tinguished French author of an authoritative book- upon American youth. on those days in St. Petersburg could possibly (or Graduated from St. Mark’s, the University of did) see more clearly than anyone else, he was lost, Pennsylvania and from Oxford “with merit,” he and it is nothing to his discredit to say it. The entered a steel manufacturing business whence he Relief work has grown far beyond any possibility returned to St. Mark’s to teach for three years. of control by the Embassy staff. Whole popula¬ From 1905 to 1908 he was successively private tions were being moved back into Russia from secretary to G. von I.. Meyer at St. Petersburg, territory occupied by the initial advance of Rus¬ Third Secretary of Embassy at St. Petersburg and sian armies, without provision for their welfare, Berlin, and Second Secretary at Mexico. scattered over the whole Empire. Russia’s busi¬ In 1908 he was oppointed by executive order, ness was largely in the hands of Germans. Hun- and without examination to be superintendent of dreds of thousands of civilians were placed in con¬ the Division of Foreign Mails in the Post Office, centration camps hastily thrown together. Brusi- through his old chief. When the United States loff’s great advance had netted other hundreds of Chamber of Commerce was formed, Miles took thousands of military prisoners. All these masses 80 of soldiers, business men, peasant men. women find out where the Germans and Austrians were and children, were herded back into 6,000 miles located. It was equally important to prevent un¬ of unprepared country completely disorganized satisfied German ultimatums from bringing added by the mobilization of every able-bodied man, of hardships to Russian prisoners through reprisals. whom millions could not be equipped or trained. Not less important was the organization of the The prisoners would be shipped to the great cities “Special Assistants” into a corps of field workers, which did not want them, and passed them on to and the international group at headquarters into smaller towns and villages. Hundreds perished an efficient office force. from exposure, disease or failure to provide food. In order to be free to comb the steppes for lost There was a catastrophe in the making of appall¬ soldiers and civilians, and to find the uncharted ing gravity. It is no exaggeration to say that the prison camps referred to in German dispatches, situation was comparable in magnitude and im¬ Miles cabled to the present writer to come out and portance with that which Herbert Hoover han¬ relieve him of the base organization. Both had dled so successfully in Belgium, and was totally acquaintances in Germany, and it was decided to different from the Relief of Prisoners of War do first a dangerous, undiplomatic and unprece¬ anywhere else in Europe. It could not wait for dented thing. Without taking anyone into confi¬ formulated plans. 11 was there, overwhelming, dence, private letters were sent to German officials and had to be met. with every element in it against at Berlin calling attention to the fact that reprisals success. on Russians for abuses in camps we had not yet Elsewhere in Europe the treatment of prisoners been able to reach and which no human agency conformed except in rare cases to the rules of in¬ could reach in 24 or 48 hours, could only increase ternational convention. The bureaucratic imperial the misery of prisoners of war all around, and that government of Russia, breaking under the strain it was our mission, if we had one, to ease this of its colossal war effort, and on the verge of revo¬ thing. We recommended patience and less as¬ lution. was not concerned with conventions. In perity of presentation; in fact, we took a stand addition to a volume of correspondence which against ultimatums to be transmitted through us took all its efforts to meet, the Embassy was to the Russian government on any matter concern¬ flooded with German ultimatums, perfectly justi¬ ing prisoners of war. The reply was immediate, fied, concerning the treatment of their people and cordial and cooperative, and Miles had no fur¬ threatening immediate reprisals on Russian offi¬ ther trouble on that score, and it is likely that until cers and men in Germany. Be it said here that this moment such a departure from diplomatic the war burden of our consulates, legations and procedure was not suspected. The next hurdle embassies in Europe should some day have their was direct communication with the Imperial For¬ recorder. I doubt that any other diplomatic serv¬ eign Office. It was a double one. Our friends in ice in the world could have carried the physical the Foreign Office saw the difficulty of strict con¬ strain that was put upon us neutrals by the war. formity to the rule that everything should pass Embassy and Consulate General in St. Peters¬ formally through the Embassy. At the same time burg pulled together a heterogeneous group of lo¬ their own etiquette was very strict. Both the cal men and women to meet the first needs of re¬ active heads of the Relief Service were “assistants bel. The ambassador brought out a staff of ac¬ to the Ambassador,” with no official status what¬ countants to control the millions of roubles of ever. Miles had been Third Secretary of Em¬ relief funds coming in monthly from Austria and bassy, which did not entitle him to direct access; Germany. The Department sent out dozens of the particular “Special Assistant to the Ambassa¬ “Special Assistants to the Ambassador,” all com¬ dor" who was organizing the office had been Min¬ pletely independent of each other and of everyone ister, however, and “once a minister always a else, and still the need of relief grew with no minister,” so that while the second in command time for organization. could communicate directly, the chief could not. Into this chaos Miles was called. The Ambas¬ That was taken care of by having Miles appointed sador would not consent to an independent or¬ Minister Plenipotentiary on Special Mission ganization such as Hoover’s. It must remain a (though still operating nominally under the coun¬ part of the Embassy work and was placed under selor of Embassy, which would not have worked the immediate control of the counselor, Butler out at all with anybody but Miles and Wright). Wright. Wright, however, fully alive to the vast¬ The next step had reference also to special assis¬ ness and urgency of the work, left Miles a free tants. The men in the field were an extremely hand. It was difficult to choose the most urgent able group, hardy, fearless and very efficient. The need among so many. It was vitally important to fact that the Department gave them no status 81 whatever hampered their work certainly, but A POLITICAL BOOK-SHELF seemed only to whet their zeal. One man was im¬ By JOHN CARTER, Department prisoned regularly by a provincial governor, only to return immediately upon his release to the Recent publications on political subjects have prison camps from which he had been ejected. He tended to accentuate the note of criticism of had been given no official status by our govern¬ American institutions, policies and methods. The ment, and could have none therefore from the majority of publicists desire to prove something Russian Foreign Office. There was considerable rather than expound an idea. And those who have confusion among themselves, but being Ameri¬ ideas nearly always have the wrong ones, so there cans and more interested in their work than in is little to choose between them. On the other relative rank, they quickly settled down to the hand, books are tending to usurp the place of teamwork which Miles' own devotion and loveable journalism as creators of public opinion. More character inspired, particularly after he had got books are being written with a definite “dead-line" out into the field and checked off the locations of or situation in view. Fewer from the purely camps from the Black Sea to the primeval forests academic angle. The following volumes illus¬ of Siberia and the Altai mountains. In the home trate this tendency: office the principal work was not only action on “America and England?” by Nicholas Roose¬ petitions and complaints of individual prisoners, velt (Cape & Smith) is a dispassionate, sane and but the deciphering of their letters. There was intelligent brief picture of Anglo-American rela¬ an enormous docket called the “Crank File,” in tions. Ludwell Denny’s “America Conquers which all letters were placed which could not be Britain” (Knopf) accentuates the controversial easily read. They amounted to thousands of element in these relations, but contains some ex¬ papers. A special division was organized at once cellent documentation. In “Two Frontiers” to deal with these. They were found to be in (Coward McCann) John Gould Fletcher de¬ each case an urgent call for help from some poor velops an interesting thesis of parallel develop¬ devil. Fortunately, most of them were still alive, ment in Russia and America, considered as the though tragic losses had occurred by delay. It two frontiers of European political organizations. was only bv the accident of a conversation on a William Floyd's “People vs. Wall Street” (Van¬ trans-Siberian railway train, months later, for guard) is a splendidly documented radical indict¬ example, that the mystery was cleared up, of the ment of the methods of economic organization in disappearance of 40 Austrian non-commissioned the United States. It is satirical in tone and officers. They had been shipped from some camp purely negative in conclusions but is worth read¬ and vanished. No trace of them was ever found ing. Christopher Hollis, author of “The Ameri¬ officially, though every railway in the country was can Heresy” (Minton Balch) traces the decline ransacked by Embassy and Foreign Office for in¬ and fall of Jeffersonian democracy in the United formation. It appears that they were being taken States. His chapter on Woodrow Wilson is north to work on the Murmansk railway. Weeks brilliantly scathing. Mr. Hollis is an Englishman later, their sealed box car was found on a siding and seems to have a pretty low opinion of Amer¬ in the forest, with the thermometer 40 degrees ican political institutions. It is interesting to com¬ below zero. The Revolution made some things pare his book with William Bennett Munro’s “The easier, for many prisoners were released. At the Makers of the Unwritten Constitution” (Mac¬ same time it added complications, by universal millan), which takes a precisely opposite view¬ disorder, to the general Russian inefficiency. point with respect to Wilson. Still, in six months, Miles turned a situation In more dispassionate vein are the following: which held every element of disaster and scandal “The Naval Blockade, 1914-1918,” by Louis to an efficient, well-organized relief, and when we Guichard (Appleton), a thorough, factual history came into the war, was able to turn over to the of the economic encirclement of the Central Pow¬ Danish and Swedish governments a work which ers in the Great War; “Uniting Europe,” by Wil¬ was achieving its purpose, was a credit to the liam E. Rappard (Yale Press), a collection of set United States, and given a little more time at speeches on the work of the League of Nations either end, would have been a national monument. delivered at the Institute of Politics, urbane, He got no general credit for it in his lifetime, ironic, and beautifully optimistic; “American For¬ either at home, or from the Germans and Aus¬ eign Relations, 1929” (Yale Press), edited by trians whom he rescued. His memory deserves it, Charles P. Howland, a scholarly and “liberal” and that fine piece of work of an American diplo¬ documentation of American foreign policy, with mat should be of record. especial reference to the Caribbean, somewhat 82 critical and “constructive” in tone; and “The Evo¬ “All Quiet on the Western Front,” Remarque. lution of War” (Yale Press), by Maurice R. “John Brown’s Body,” Stephen Vincent Benet. I )avie, sociological treatise on war among primi¬ “Transition,” Will Durant. tive peoples. The latter book quotes the encour¬ “The Good Companions,” J. B. Priestley. aging assertion of Novicow that “from the year “The Happy Mountain,” Marristan Chapman. 1496 B. C. to 1861 A. D., in 3,357 years, there were 227 years of peace and 3,130 years of war, or 13 years of war to every year of peace. Within LADIES’ LUNCHEON the last three centuries there have been 286 wars The ladies of the American Foreign Service in Europe. From the year 1500 B. C. to 1860 met for luncheon on Friday, January 31, 1930, at A. D. more than 8,000 treaties of peace meant to the club house of the American Association of remain in force forever were concluded. The University Women. Mrs. Caldwell, chairman of average time they remained in force is two years.” the committee, introduced Mrs. Peter Augustus We have changed all that by the adoption of the Jay, whose husband was former Ambassador at Kellogg-Briand pact. Buenos Aires, and recalled association in Tokyo, with the suggestion that it might be interesting for John Carter, who has kindly consented to con¬ others present to tell of earlier meetings in for¬ tribute “Book Notes” each month, has been Eco¬ eign countries. Mrs. Jay proposed that the ladies nomic Adviser to the Division of Western Europe might enjoy and benefit by “experience meetings” since October, 1928. Previous to that he had been at which those who wished might tell experiences for five years a member of the reporting and edi¬ or describe conditions at different posts. It was torial staff of the New York Times. He gradu¬ decided to try the plan at succeeding luncheons. ated from Yale College with the Class of 1919, Mrs. Jones reported the inquiry of Miss Mabel having served during the latter part of the war Boardman as to whether the ladies of the Foreign and armistice in the Embassies at Rome and Con¬ Service would care to work regularly at the Red stantinople. Subsequently he was Private Sec¬ Cross Building. Mrs. Carr explained the nature retary to Ambassador Johnson at Rome, and also of the work and proposed a vote as to whether a did foreign correspondence. He is the author of regular Foreign Service work day should be de¬ two books on international politics and economics: cided upon or not. It was approved and Wednes¬ “Man is War" (1926) and “Conquest: America's day was chosen as the regular day on which mem¬ Painless Imperialism” (1928). He has contrib¬ bers of the Foreign Service may work at the Red uted articles to numerous periodicals, including Cross Building for any length of time—long or The Atlantic Monthly. The Forum, The American short—between the hours of 9 a. m. and 4 p. m. Mercury, The Commonweal, The Outlook, The ladies present were: Mesdames Ailing, Forbes’, The Nation, The New Republic, The Barnes, Boal, Byington, Caldwell. J. Caldwell, Saturday Review of Literature, and the New Carr, Colladay, Dawson, De Lambert, Foote, York 'rimes Book Review. Gray, Hamilton, Hickerson, Hodgdon, Imbrie, Ingram, Jackson, Janz, Jay, Jones, Josselyn, Keb- linger, Loar, Munro, Murphy, Peck, Pinkerton, Books I have Read Recently Scott, Stewart, Thurston, Washington, and and Found Interesting Winans.

By J. BUTLER WRIGHT PUGSLEY SCHOLARSHIPS “The Tragic Era.” Claude G. Bowers. Mr. Chester D. Pugsley has kindly notified the “John Paul Jones, Man of Action,” Phillip JOURNAL that he has renewed for another year Russell. three scholarships for the children of American “Adventures of an Outlaw,” Ralph Rashleigh. Consuls or Vice Consuls of career at Rollins Col¬ “Elizabeth and Essex,” Lytton Strachey. lege. and has also provided such a scholarship at “America Comes of Age,” Siegfried. the Illinois Woman’s College for 1930-31. He “Genghis Khan,” Harold Lamb. has also provided a scholarship, with a cash stipend “Our Times, America Finds Herself,” Mark of $200, for the son of Consul General Philip Sullivan. Holland at Washington University, St. Louis, “The Life and Times of Peter Stuyvesant,” Mo., if the university will grant free tution, which Hendrik Van Loon. it will do if the scholastic record of Phillip Hol¬ “The Magic Island (Haiti),” W. P>. Seabrooke. land, Jr., justifies it. 83 Photo from Wm. McNeir Collection Homes of the Department of State

III

OX JANUARY 10. 1781, a plan for the De¬ "As soon as the Department of Foreign Affairs was partment of Foreign Affairs was reported organized under Livingston it took possession of a small house in Philadelphia owned by Peter S. Du Ponceau, to Congress and a resolution adopted “that No. 13 South Sixth Street, on the eastern side. Living¬ an office be forthwith established for the depart¬ ston’s office was in the front room of the second floor, ment of foreign affairs, to he kept always in the and in the back room were the undersecretaries, while place where Congress shall reside”; hut it was the clerks and interpreters occupied the room on the not until August 10. 1781. that Robert R. Living¬ ground floor. This building was demolished in 1846. It was occupied as the Office of Foreign Affairs from the ston. of New York, was elected as the first Secre¬ latter part of 1781 up to June, 1783, when the Depart¬ tary of that Department. He took the oath of ment was practically suspended until Jay took control office October 20, and. as Millcdge L. Bonham, of it in 1785.” Jr., Ph. D., says in his The picture of the Life of Livingston house accompanying (volume 1 , “The this article is the third American Secretaries of in the collection belong¬ State and their Diplo¬ ing to Mr. William macy,” Albert A. .UcNeir. Knopf, New York, Professor Bonham 1927), he then “plunged adds to the description at once into the sea of of the house by saying confusion Congress had that it was a “three- produced in the foreign story house, hut twelve correspondence.” feet in width." and Livingston was born gives the following de¬ in New York Novem¬ tails as to salaries, etc.: ber 27, 1746. After a “When fully organized, brilliant career at the staff included the King’s College (now Secretary for Foreign Columbia University), Affairs, at a salary of he was admitted to the $4,000 per a n n u m ; bar in 1770 and prac¬ Lewis R. Morris, Jr., ticed with his friend first under secretary, John Jay. He was ap¬ $800; Pierre S. Du pointed Recorder of the Ponceau, second under City of New York in secretary. $700; Rever¬ 1773. Later he was end John P. Tetard, elected a delegate to the translator, $500; Wal¬ Second Continental ter Stone, clerk, $500.” Congress and served in Du Ponceau came to 1775-76, 1779-80, and the United States as an in 1784-85. In May, aide to Von Steuben, 1877, lie was elected ROBERT R. I IVINGSTON but had recently came to Chancellor of New Philadelphia for medi¬ York. When in Congress he served as a member cal attention; versed in international law and a of the Committee for Foreign Affairs from 1779 skilled linguist, he was of much service. Tetard to 1780. was an old man, who for his services to the Amer¬ Gaillard Hunt in his book entitled “The Depart¬ ican army in Canada had seen his possessions de¬ ment of State of the United States: its History stroyed by the British; unable to collect his claims and Functions” (Yale University Press, 1914) from Congress, he was glad to become an in- said : (Continued on page 104) 85 1HE PRIZES FOR CONTRIBU¬ FORE^N^^^^fellRNAL TIONS The JOURNAL offers three prizes, $100 j( Vol. VII MARCH, 1930 No. jTj| for the best article, sketch or fiction story of not over 2,200 words; $75 for the second PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN best, and $50 for the third choice. SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. Manuscript should be postmarked not The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly later than June 15, 1930. by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also The contest is open to all Foreign Serv¬ open to private subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a year, or S5 cents a copy, payable to the ice Officers and their wives. American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Three judges have been chosen by the Washington, D. C. Executive Committee of the American For¬ Copyright, lt>30, by the American Foreign Service Association. eign Service Association: one from among the officials of the Department of State, Dr. Stanley K. Hornbeck; one from the edi¬ The American Foreign torial staff of a national magazine, Mr. Frederick Simpich, of the National Geo¬ Service Association graphic Magazine; and one member of the Honorary President Executive Committee, Mr. Pierre DeL. HENRY L. STIMSON Secretary of State Boal. Due weight will be given to the interest Honorary Vice-Presidents and merit of photographs or other pictorial JOSEPH P. COTTON Undersecretary of State material submitted in illustration of con¬ WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State tributions. W. R. CASTLE, JR Assistant Secretary of State FRANCIS WHITE Assistant Secretary of State Manuscripts should lie typewritten on one NELSON T. JOHNSON Assistant Secretary of State side of the paper only, the pages numbered, and the name and address of the writer GEORGE T. SUMMERLIN President should appear on the upper lefthand corner EDWIN S. CUNNINGHAM Vice-President of each page. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The JOURNAL reserves the right to pub¬ DANA G. MUNRO Chairman lish at any time any manuscript received, but WALTER C. THURSTON, PIERRE DE L. BOAL, JOHN FARR payment will be made only to the prize win¬ SIMMONS, and JOHN G. ERHARDT. ners, after notice of the award has been Alternates: made. All contributions received prior to WILLYS R. PECK JOSEPH F. MCGURK June 30, 1930, will automatically enter the JAMES P. MOFFITT contest.

MAXWELL M. HAMILTON Secretary-Treasurer of the Association THE AMERICAN CREED: Entertainment Committee: A. DANA HODGDON, Chairman; DONALD F. BIGELOW and WALTER T. PRENDERGAST A DECLARATION OF NATIONAL FAITH

JOURNAL STAFF AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM Editor “I believe in the United States ol America as a JAMES B. STEWART Consulting Editor Government of the people, hy the people, for the PAUL H. ALLING Associate Editor people, whose just powers are derived from the CHARLES BRIDGHAM HOSMER Business Manager consent of the governed; a democracy in a re¬ ROLLIN R. WINSLOW Associate Business Manager public; a sovereign Nation of many sovereign MARSHALL M. VANCE Treasurer of Journal states; a perfect union, one and inseparable, es¬ tablished upon those principles of freedom, equality, The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and justice and humanity for which American patriots voluntary association embracing most of the members of The sacrificed their lives and fortunes. Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the “I therefore believe it is my duty to my country purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the to love it; to support its Constitution; to obey its Foreign Service, to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its laws; to respect its Flag, and to defend it against members for the improvement of the Service. all enemies.” 86 The Senate on February 13 confirmed the nomi¬ Diplomatic Secretary and Consul Clay son W. nation of the Hon. Charles Evans Hughes, for¬ Aldridge reported at the Department on Febru¬ merly Secretary of State, as Chief Justice of the ary 18 for duty in the Division of Near Eastern United States. Affairs.

The Hon. Henry P. Fletcher, formerly Ambas¬ Mrs. Wilbur J. Carr was designated by Mrs. sador to Italy, has been appointed the American Stimson, wife of the Secretary of State, as her national commissioner to serve on the commission alternate in charge of “Department of State” Day set up by the Convention of Conciliation between at the “floating library" in Washington. The the United States and Italy. “library” was open for several days in January to collect hooks for the use of the men of the Amer¬ ican merchant marine. Among those assisting Assistant Secretary of State and Mrs. Wilbur Mrs. Carr were: Mrs. John D. Hickerson, Mrs. J. Carr have recently purchased a home at 2300 John Ernest Thurston. Mrs. A. Dana Hodgdon, Wyoming Avenue, Washington, and in the spring Mrs. J. Whitla Stinson, Mrs. Joseph Ballantine, will leave the Dresden, where they have had an Mrs. John K. Caldwell, and Mrs. Maxwell apartment for many years. Mr. Carr’s new home Hamilton. is directly opposite the home of former Chief Justice Taft. The following item from the Washington Star. regarding Consul and Mrs. Keith Merrill, will he Before leaving Prague, the American Minister of general interest to the Service: and Mrs. Lewis Einstein were honored at a fare¬ Some folks think there is magic and significance in well reception by the Czechoslovak Minister of the number 10. No. 10 Downing Street is, of course, the Foreign Affairs, Dr. Eduard Benes. Mr. Einstein most important address in the whole British Empire, and was decorated by Dr. Benes with the Grand Cross No. 10 Stratton Street is playing an important part in of the Order of the Lion in the presence of the the American affairs at the London Naval Conference. At what the English would call that "very good address.” Diplomatic Corps and high Czechoslovak officials. Mr. and Mrs. Keith Merrill, of Washington, have taken Before returning to the United States. Mr. and a mansion for the duration of this peaceful war. Nomi¬ Mrs. Einstein spent a short time in Paris and nally it’s their own menage. Actually it is to serve as a London. domestic retreat to which Secretary Stimson may repair for heart-to-heart confabs with the heads of other dele¬ gations. The house is fully furnished and staffed with William Oscar Jones, formerly American Con¬ servants and entertainment is possible there on short notice and elaborate scale. The ‘‘Big Five” of the con¬ sul at Rome, Italy, is now commercial manager ference—Stimson, Macdonald, Tardieu, Grandi and Wa- of the Western Electric Company of Italy. His l atsuki—are likely to foregather at No. 10 Stratton address is Piazzi F. Crispi. N. 3, Milan. Street ever and anon. The heads of the non-British delegations can talk there amid surroundings less stilted than those which their hotel quarters afford. The Mer¬ Consul General and Mrs. Joseph I. Brittain, rill house, which may achieve immortality before many who had been spending the winter in Washington, moons are past, is just off Piccadilly, around the corner have both been seriously ill. but upon recovering from the Ritz Hotel. It has already been the scene of momentous pow-wows. Mr. Merrill is a State Depart¬ left late in January for Sebring, Fla., where they ment official. are now recuperating. The Department announced on February 5 the Consul General Albert Halstead, London, re¬ resignation of the Hon. Evan E. Young as Amer¬ ported at Washington on February 5 for confer¬ ican Minister to Bolivia. In accepting Mr. ence with officers of the Department. Young’s resignation, the Acting Secretary wrote: 87 "You have rendered the Government most able service FROM THE VISITORS’ REGISTER, ROOM 115, in various capacities in the past in many important posts, DEPARTMENT OF STATE and I do not desire to let this opportunity pass without telling you how very much your devotion to duty and Clayson W. Aldridge, Athens Jan. 21 conspicuous service has been appreciated by the Depart¬ Joseph Flack, Santiago, Chile “ 22 ment and its officers. It is the earnest hope of the De¬ F. A. Bohne, Toronto “ 22 partment that it will be possible for you to reenter the Randolph Harrison, Paris “ 24 Service at some near date in the future.” Leland L. Smith, Tunis “ 27 Arthur H. Geissler, Guatemala “ 29 Anne Louise Whitney, Madrid “ 29 Consul W. W. Early, Colon, lias been at the Albert Halstead, London Feb. 5 J. Forest Ingle, Glasgow “ 5 Mayo clinic in Rochester, Minn., for several weeks Tisdal W. Bibb, waiting assignment “ 6 suffering from intestinal trouble. It is learned W. Clarke Vyse, Habana “ 8 that he is now improving steadily. Harold E. Stearns, Jr., Stuttgart “ 10 L. H. Johnson, Winnipeg ” 10 Rufus H. Lane, Jr., Progreso ” 11 Edward Franklin Carter, son of Edward H. Waldo E. Bailey, Mazatlan " 12 Carter, American Vice Consul at St. John, New Albert H. Washburn, Vienna " 13 Sabin J. Dalferes, Hamburg " 14 Brunswick, graduated last November as leading Lucien Memminger, Bordeaux " 15 cadet at the New York State Nautical School. In Edwin Schoenrich, Mazatlan " 15 graduating as honor student of the cadet class, he James C. H. Bonbright, Canton " 17 was presented with a sextant valued at $150 by F. W. B. Coleman, Riga " 17 Rear Admiral Louis R. de Steiguer, U. S. N. He also won a prize of $50 for an essay on cadet life aboard a training ship, which was honored by NAVY DEPARTMENT publication in The Log, a prominent American marine journal. OFFICE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE, Washington, January 29, 1930. Lieutenant Commander William Daniel Thom¬ as, Assistant Naval Attache at the Embassy at The following changes have been made or re¬ Paris, will be transferred on May 1, 1930, to the liefs designated in the list of Naval Attaches in aircraft squadron of the Scouting Fleet. foreign countries : Argentine: Capt. C. L. Arnold, U. S. N., to be de¬ tached in February, 1930. Comdr. Leland Jordan, U. S. Elsewhere in the JOURNAL appears an extract N., to assume duty in May, 1930. from a recent speech in the House of Representa¬ China : Comdr. C. D. Hartigan assumed duty August, tives by the Hon. Anthony J. Griffin, Mem¬ 192t» France: Asst. Attache, accredited also to London, ber of Congress from New York. The Associ¬ Berlin, and The Hague, Lt. Comdr. W. D. Thomas, to be ated Press, in commenting on Mr. Griffin’s relieved in May, 1930, by Lt. Comdr. George D. Murray, speech, stated : U. S. N., who has already assumed duty in London. Members of the American Diplomatic and Consular Honduras: Lt. Col. R. B. Farquharson, U. S. M. C., Corps, who at times have been pictured to Congress as assumed duty August, 1929. leading a life of social gaiety, found a champion in the Italy: Capt. R. S. Holmes, U S.. N., to be relieved by House recently in Representative Griffin, Democrat, New Capt. M. Milne, U. S. N., in May, 1930. York, who said they did much more than wear spats, Japan : Capt. J. V. Ogan, U. S. N., to be relieved by play bridge and attend tea parties. Capt. I. C. Johnson, U. S. N., in July, 1930. z He said they were looking after American interests effi¬ The Netherlands: Comdr. A. A. Corwin, U. S. N., ciently. and despite years of service abroad he had found assumed duty July, 1929. them "more American, not less American.” Considera¬ tion of funds for the Foreign Service prompted his remarks. “Naval Disarmament,” by H. Wilson Harris. London. George Allen and Unwin Limited. Among the addresses at a recent conference of 3s. 6d. A handy resume of disarmament negotia¬ bankers, held recently in Milwaukee, there was one tions from the Washington Conference to the on personnel problems, and the speaker therein present London Conference. A concluding chap¬ said: “In my opinion, the work should be rotated ter deals briefly with problems of “freedom of the among those who do the journeyman work in the seas” as linked with armament reduction. The bank. This not only gives them a broader idea volume, on the whole, is a fair exposition of the of the functions and mechanics of banking but it course of the various debates. keeps up their interest.” BROCK HOLST Livi NGSTON . 88 BIRTHS CLARENCE CARRIGAN

A son, Albert Whidden, Jr., was born on Sep¬ AN APPRECIATION tember 20, 1929, at Magallanes, Chile, to Vice Consul and Mrs. Alfred Whidden Magnitzky. In London, during the dark and gloomy days of the war, people forgot how to laugh. Cheer¬ A daughter was born on January 20, 1930, at ful dispositions withered and disappeared. There London, England, to Consul and Mrs. C. C. Broy. remained few individuals who were strong enough of character still to radiate cheer and optimism A daughter, Suzanne, was horn on January 10. and to instill a bit of these much-needed traits into 1930, at Peiping, China, to Vice Consul and Mrs. the souls of others, and those few were real John Stewart Mosher. heroes. Clarence Carrigan was one of those few. The load borne upon the shoulders of Consuls in the days of the War was tremendous, and in MARRIAGES London, then the center of the Allied universe, it Sturgeon-Cunningham. Married at Tokyo. was perhaps doubly so. Clarence Carrigan not Japan, on January 7, 1930, Consul Leo Dallas only carried his own load cheerfully, but it was Sturgeon and Miss Doris Elaine Cunningham, he who, because of his happy and willing pres- daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Dayton Cun¬ ence, helped the rest of us, his companions, to ningham. Mr. Sturgeon is Consul at Tokyo. come through those trying days less scathed. That has been one of his most endearing char¬ Unverzagt-Murrell. Married at Grace Epis¬ acteristics. He has gone through the Service— copal Church, Nogales, Ariz.. on December 21, St. John, Grenoble, London, Lyon, Milan, Monte¬ 1929, Mr. Henry '1'. Unverzagt and .Miss Mary video—to each post carrying with him a ray of Murrell. Mr. Unverzagt is clerk in the consulate sunshine. He handled in London thousands of at Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. cases of repatriation, untangled more thousands of the difficult problems of citizenship caused by the entry of the United States into the war—all NECROLOGY with patience, tact, efficiency and good nature, Mr. Wilson King, who was American Consul which caused every contact to become an admiring at Birmingham from 1879 to 1885, died in that friend. Few officers in the Service could count citv on January 21, 1930, in his eighty-fourth so many friendships scattered throughout the vear. Air. King was born at Pittsburgh, Pa., world, and to all of them his sad and untimely on May 26, 1846, and was the son of Josiah death has come not only as a shock but also as a King, one of the proprietors of the Pittsburgh deep personal loss. The Service suffers in his Gazette. After education at the Western Uni¬ going—the name of one of its efficient and most versity of Pennsylvania, and in Germany he popular officers will be missing from the next joined the staff of his father's newspaper and Register. But the sunshine he left behind will later become a sub-editor. On March 25, 1872, ever be remembered, nor will the Service ever he was appointed Consul at Dublin by President forget his untiring efforts to place it, by his ex¬ Grant; on February 25, 1876, he was transferred ample, in the front rank of those various groups to Bremen, and on June 3. 1879, he went as Con¬ of endeavor devoted to the service of our country. sul to Birmingham. England, where he served The deepest and most heartfelt sympathy of his until 1885. He then engaged in business at Pitts¬ comrades will go out to Mrs. Carrigan, who has burgh. but in 1890 he returned to England and been such a staunch help in his career, and to resided at Birmingham until his death. He acted their two sons. as British correspondent of the Pittsburgh Ga¬ HARRY G. MCBRIDE. zette for many years, lie traveled extensively, Malaga, Spain. and in his eightieth year made his seventieth crossing of the Atlantic. He is described as hav¬ ing had rich literary and artistic attainments, "There is nothing dramatic in the success of a diplo¬ which, with his great charm of manner, brought matist. His victories are made up of a series of nrcro- scopic advantages; of a judicious suggestion here, of an him large circles of distinguished friends. His opportune civility there, of a wise concession at one wife (formerly Miss A. R. Albright, of Birming- moment and a far-sighted persistence at another, of hame) died a year ago; he is survived, however, sleepless tact, immovable calmness, and patience that no by a married daughter, Mrs. Estelle King Giles, folly, no provocation, no blunder can shake.” and two grand children. —Lord Salisbury in “Castlereagh.” 89 FROM LONDON, ENGLAND W. M. Parker Mitchell, en route to their new post at Ghent. (CONSUL N. P. DAVIS, Correspondent) Members of the staff of the Consulate General The group photograph of the officers of the in London were given an opportunity to say American Consulate General at London was taken good-by to Consul and Mrs. Macatee at a tea on January 20. All officers on duty were present given in their honor at the Consulate General by except Consul C. C. Broy, who was unavoidably Consul General and Mrs. Halstead. Eighty-two absent. There are also included the technical ad¬ persons were present. visers and two clerks whose work (so states Con¬ sul N. P. Davis) is practically that of a commis¬ Mrs. Halstead sailed for New York on the sioned officer. To make the group complete. Clerk S. S. Homeric on January 15. Mr. Halstead went Alfred Nutting, known to all who have served in with her to Southampton to see her off and one London, should also be included. hour before sailing a telegram was handed to him, The names, from left to right, are: Seated— relayed from London, summoning him to Wash¬ Mrs. K. E. H. Egerton, Commercial Department; ington for consultation. He plans to sail on the Consul General John K. Davis. Consul General George Washington on January 23. Halstead, Consul N. P. Davis, and Vice Consul John H. Lord. Standing—Vice Consul John F. Among the many callers at the Consulate Gen¬ Clalfey. Consul Winfield H. Scott, Vice Consul eral recently were Consul General John K. Cald¬ William N. Carroll; Dr. Richard W. Tuck. Bu¬ well on his way to Geneva to represent the United reau of Animal Industry; Leonard Caswell. Im¬ States at the International Convention for the migration Service Technical Advisor; H. Lennox Control of Traffic in Narcotics; Consul Keith Claxton, Accountant; Major F. Warren Pearl, Merrill, who came to London to make advance U. S. P. H. S.; Vice Consul Daniel Miller, Vice arrangements for the United States delegation to Consul James E. Callahan, and Vice Consul Roy the Naval Conference; and Consul and Mrs. W. Baker.

OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL, LONDON 90 FROM CARDIFF, WALES ing and dinner of the American Chamber of Com¬ merce in France was featured by an address from Mr. Ralph C. Busser, the American Consul at Consul General Leo |. Keena on the develop¬ Cardiff, Wales, was one of the guests at the dinner ments in Franco-American commerce during 1929. given by the Cardiff Business Club on Friday Vice Consul Paul C. Betts is temporarily in night, January 17, at the Park Hotel, Cardiff, in charge of the Vice Consulate at Biarritz. honor of Mr. Francis E. Powell, president of the American Chamber of Commerce in London, and chairman of the Anglo-American Oil Company. FROM MADRID After the dinner Mr. Powell delivered before a large and appreciative audience in the lecture (VICE CONSUL OWEN W. GAINES, Corre¬ theater of the Engineers’ Institute a very interest¬ spondent) ing address on “What Rationalization Means to With regal ceremony and pomp, Mr. Irwin Industry," in the course of which he discussed Laughlin, newly appointed Ambassador from the the latest American methods of production and United States to Spain, was formally received by distribution tending to reduce costs, increase King Alfonso XIII at noon on December 24, a wages and dividends, and develop better markets few days after Mr. Laughlin’s arrival at the both at home and abroad. Spanish capital. The ceremony of meeting the King and of the presentation of credentials was in harmony with the richness and display accorded FROM SOUTHAMPTON by the Spanish monarch to the Ambassadors of (CONSUL JOHN H. BRUINS, Correspondent) leading nations. The Duke of Vista Hermosa, Prime Introducer Mrs. Ross E. Holaday and her three daughters to His Majesty, formally called at the American have left Manchester, which has been their home Embassy for the newly appointed Ambassador since Mr. Holaday was assigned there as Consul in 1915. They sailed from Southampton for New shortly after 11 o’clock on the morning of Christ¬ mas eve. Mr. Laughlin, who is the fifth Ambas¬ York on the George Washington on December 28, sador from the United States to Spain, with the and plan to make their home in Dayton, Ohio. Embassy staff, including the military and commer¬ cial attaches, were conveyed from the Embassy Consul Digby A. Willson. Bristol, arrived at building to the Royal Palace in four of the Southampton on January 13 on the Milwaukee sumptuous and historic royal coaches drawn by much refreshed after his home leave. He was magnificently plumed horses, which are among runner-up in a recent golf tournament in Cali¬ the finest blooded in Europe. The royal coaches fornia and received a valuable set of golf clubs are brought from their sanctuary, the Cabal- as a prize. Mrs. Willson is remaining in Cali¬ lerizas Reales, or royal stables, for practical serv¬ fornia for the present. ice only on state occasions of unusual solemnity. Ordinarily they are kept as historical curiosities As a memento of their recent meeting in Italy, for sightseers in the Caballerizas adjoining the the Hon. Roy G. Fitzgerald, Congressman from Royal Palace. Ohio, presented Consul James B. Young, South¬ Owing to an overcast sky and a slight rainfall ampton, with a volume entitled “Dc Jure Belli ac during the forenoon, the entire route from the Pads," by Hugo Grotius. This book bears the Embassy building to the Royal Palace over the imprint of an Amsterdam firm. The fact that it main thoroughfares of Madrid and over which the was published in 1670, as well as the liberal anno¬ ambassadorial procession was to pass, was sanded tations. give it added interest. as a caution against misstep by any of the horses and a possible interference with the orderly execu¬ FROM PARIS tion of the imposing ceremony. The Ambassador and the Duke of Vista Her¬ (DAMON C. WOODS, Correspondent) mosa rode in the gilt-panelled coach of the King. The coaches were escorted by the royal squadron Consul General and Mrs. Leo J. Keena were of mounted bodyguards, brilliantly dressed in hosts on New Year's afternoon to the American regal costume. Upon arrival at the carriage en¬ consular officers at Paris and their wives. trance to the palace, the procession received the On January 17, 1930, the regular annual meet¬ salute of the guard standing at attention until the 91 Ambassador and staff began the ascent to the Consul Maurice L. Stafford, on leave in the throne room by way of the stairway of honor, United States, underwent a surgical operation at which is used only on state occasions. Members Coronado, Calif., in December, which has further of Spain’s nobility and the King’s retinue were delayed his return to his post at Madrid. It is formed in line along the ascent as attendants of expected that he will resume charge of the Madrid honor to the throne room, where King Alfonso, Consulate about the 1st of February. Vice Consul dressed in the gala uniform of captain general, Owen W. Gaines, now in charge at Madrid, has received the credentials of the Ambassador. been transferred to Bilbao, effective upon the re¬ After the formal brief exchange of orations be¬ turn of Consul Stafford. tween the King and the Ambassador, the latter was presented to Queen Victoria Eugenia in an¬ other room of the palace. When the ceremonies were over, the diplomatic staff were escorted back FROM ALGIERS to the Embassy over the same route. (CONSUL OSCAR S. HERZER, Correspondent) Hundreds of people crowded into the court¬ yard of the guard, overlooking the barren and Rear Admiral (U. S. N., retired) and Mrs. wind-spent plains of Castile, to view the arrival Roger Welles spent a week in Algiers during Jan¬ and departure of the procession in the royal uary en route to Biskra, an oasis in the desert, coaches. where they expect to find sunshine and warmth.

Major Robert Howe Fletcher, Jr., has arrived Consul H. Lari Russell passed through Algiers in Madrid and has taken over his duties as Amer¬ the third week in January, coming from Casa¬ ican Military Attache, succeeding Colonel F. W. blanca on his way to his new post at Alexandria, Manley, who has left for the United States to Egypt. report to the War College at Washington. Colonel and Mrs. Manley will be missed by the many friends made in Madrid during Colonel Manley’s Mr. Owen L. Dawson, representing the Depart¬ tenure as Military Attache since 1926. ment of Agriculture and Professor K. S. Fawcett, A banquet in honor of Colonel Manley, at¬ of the University of California, were in Algiers tended by some 70 friends in the American colony, the latter part of January en route to the oasis was given at the Ritz Hotel on January 11. Many of El-Golea to attend the Congress of the Rose prominent members of the colony attended, includ¬ and Orange, January 29 and 30, in connection ing ex-Governor Thomas E. Campbell, of Ari¬ with the centenary celebrations of the occupation zona, now in charge of American interests at the of Algeria by the French. Seville Exposition, who came to Madrid for the express purpose of attending the banquet and wishing the Manleys godspeed and continued suc¬ cess in their new environment. FROM HAMBURG (VICE CONSUL KNOWLTON V. HICKS, Corre¬ Mr. Irwin Laughlin, recently appointed Amer¬ spondent) ican Ambassador to Spain, has already been wel¬ On December 22, 1929, the United States Lines comed into the American colony of Madrid. He gave a dinner on board the S. S. George Wash¬ was guest of honor at the American Luncheon ington to the more prominent local business men Club on January 14 and was enthusiastically and officials. Ambassador Jacob Gould Schur- greeted by all the members. Another very promi¬ man kindly consented to come from Berlin in nent American was also present at the luncheon, order to be present at this dinner. The dinner whose crisp, fertile after-luncheon speech was was given as a celebration of the inauguration of vigorously applauded—Dr. William R. Shepherd, the Hamburg services of the United States Lines, of Columbia University, perhaps the world’s out¬ the George Washington being the first of the fleet standing authority upon Hispanic, Spanish-Amer¬ to arrive in Hamburg. ican and Spanish history and relations. Ex-Gov¬ ernor Campbell, from Sevilla, was also present, and gave a very interesting talk in his inimitable Following a custom now three years old, the way of delivery. Ambassador Laughlin’s address members of the Hamburg Consulate General cele¬ upon world peace was the feature of the luncheon. brated the arrival of Christmas time by an exclu- 92 sive festival on the afternoon of December 23. Standing: Mr. Deicke. Miss Kiimpel, Dr. Kon- After the close of business for the day all mem¬ jetzny, Mrs. Hafermann, Mr. Hopf, Mrs. Kracht. bers of the staff assembled in the visa waiting Vice Consul Dalferes, Mrs. Ahrens, Miss Stange, room of the Consulate General for their Christ¬ Miss Lindt, Mr. Jiirss, Mrs. Blunck and Air. mas party. As the picture will show, this had Pickles. been tastefully decorated by a group especially appointed for the purpose. Coffee and cake was served by the ladies. After refreshments were FROM VIENNA cleared away, a dance was held and at about 7.30 (VICE CONSUL JOHN W. SCOTT, Correspondent) p. m. the party broke up. The entire staff deeply regretted the illness of Consul General Ernest L. Harris and Airs. Vice Consul Taylor and Mrs. von Tiesenhausen, Harris arrived in Vienna about October 1, when which prevented them from joining in this annual Mr. Harris took charge of the new Consulate festival. It is a pleasure to report that Mr. Taylor General. Mr. and Airs. Harris have won a hearty lias already recovered and that latest news indi¬ welcome in the Kaiserstadt and have already a cated that Mrs. von Tiesenhausen is now out of wide circle of friends. Air. Harris has been made danger. a member and officer of a number of organiza¬ The persons shown in the photograph are in the tions. including the Beefsteak Club, the American- following order: Austrian Society, the American University Club, First row on Boor (left to right) : Miss Disse, and the Austro-American Institute of Education. Miss Piel, Miss Movnihan, Miss Kasparek and Miss Balliider. Count Carl Coudenhove, former colonel in the Second row. seated: Dr. Yonderlehr, Consul Austro-Hungarian Army and the last member of General Kehl, Consul Smith, dice Consul I licks, one of the most distinguished families of the old Vice Consul Burke, Immigration Technical Ad¬ empire, died suddenly from heart attack on Satur¬ viser Brown. day, November 23. Air. Coudenhove was a faith-

Foto Uhlig, Hamburg STAFF OF AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL, HAMBURG 93 ful member of the Consulate’s staff for nine years, service by Air. Henry Quadflieg, of the Consulate never being late nor absent during that time except at Cologne. Mr. Quadflieg began his quarter for a half day on account of illness. Count century of service at the Consulate at Aachen Coudenhove rarely exemplified the old Austria (Aix-le-Chapelle), Germany, in January, 1900, with its courtesy and chivalry; he was an excel¬ as an assistant clerk and shortly afterward be¬ lent linguist, and his death came as a severe blow came clerk. In 1912 he was appointed Vice and to his manv friends. Deputy Consul and when the grade of Deputy Consul was abolished, he retained the assignment Consul John P. Hurley, formerly stationed at of Vice Consul. From July, 1913, to January, Vienna, passed through the city about December 1 1914, and from December, 1914, to April, 1915, on his way to his new post at Riga, Latvia, after Mr. Quadflieg was in charge of the Aachen Con¬ a leave of absence in the United States. sulate. With the Act of 1915, Mr. Quadflieg was relieved of his commission because of his Ger¬ Consul General and Mrs. Felix Cole, of War¬ man nationality. saw, spent several weeks of their vacation in From February, 1917, to January, 1922, Mr. Vienna in December. Quadflieg’s connection with the service was tem¬ porarily severed by reason of certain disturbing in¬ The American Medical Association of Vienna ternational complications, but when Consul Emil was founded in 1903. The objects of the society Sauer reopened the Cologne Consulate in Feb¬ are to promote the scientific advancement and the ruary, 1922, he found himself the custodian of social intercourse of American and English speak¬ the Aachen office, which was not reestablished. ing physicians who came to the city for advanced And it is a natural sequence that Consul Sauer at post-graduate work. It has established an elabo¬ the same time laid hold upon the indispensable Mr. rate program of specialized courses in all branches Quadflieg and fortunately brought him to Cologne of medicine. Its faculty consists of the leading to occupy the same quartersawed oak, highback physicians and specialists in Vienna. The organi¬ swivel chair that he had used for so many years zation numbers 6,000 members, of whom about at Aachen. 200 are studying in Vienna at the present time. That chair has now vanished, but Mr. Quad¬ flieg remains, an expert in customs and invoice matters, as well as notarials, and familiar with all consular routine; an interested witness and an ever-present help and encouragement to the indi¬ vidual parade of consuls and vice-consuls through the post; a complete Baedeker of the Cologne dis¬ trict, and an accomplished linguist and gentleman. He has served with Consuls: Dr. Frank M. Brundage, Pendleton King, Robert J. Thompson and Henry C. A. Darnm, at Aachen before the war; Emil Sauer, Leland B. Morris and J. K. Huddle, at Cologne since 1922.—J. Iv. H. FROM NOGALES, MEXICO (CONSUL MAURICE W. ALTAFFER, Correspondent) Mrs. Juliet Barrett Rublee, wife of Mr. George Rublee, legal adviser to Ambassador Morrow, ac¬ companied by her secretary, Mr. Jorge Ahumada, were visitors at Nogales on December 31, 1929. Mrs. Rublee was en route from Mexico City to New York to join her husband, and they were HENRY QUADFLIEG sailing with the Naval Delegation on the S. S. George Washington for England. Mr. Rublee is The last day of December. 1929, marked the one of the technical advisers to the American completion of 25 years of efficient and faithful Delegation to the Naval Conference at London. 94 Air. Arthur Bliss Lane, Chief of the Division post at Lisbon, Portugal, where he will occupy of Mexican Affairs of the Department of State, a similar position. Dr. and Mrs. South were very- was in Nogales on January 15, assisting in the popular in Panama, where they had made many arrangements for the reception of President-elect friends during their long term of service. Their Ruhio at that place. Mr. Lane, who had accom¬ departure was an occasion for many social events panied the President-elect’s party on its tour given both by Panamanian and American friends. through the United States, rejoined the train at Phoenix the following morning, accompanying Ambassador and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss Mr. Rubio to Nogales. Mr. Lane, Consul Mau¬ spent a few days in Panama en route from Buenos rice W. Altaffer and Vice Consul Powell were Aires to the United States, where they will spend guests at a luncheon tendered the President-elect a short vacation. in Nogales. Sonora, on the same day. Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, widow of the late President Roosevelt, has been a visitor on the Isthmus. She has been warmly welcomed by Americans and Panamanians. The memory of her husband is greatly revered bv the citizens of this republic.

On February 6 Ambassador W. S. Culbertson, accompanied by Diplomatic Secretary R. Henry Norweb, passed through Panama en route to their post at Santiago, Chile.

The new Minister to Panama, Hon. Roy T. Davis, is expected to arrive some time in March to assume the duties of the Legation here, where Secretary Benjamin Muse is at present Charge d’Affaires ad interim.

FROM COSTA RICA A charmingly written dispatch from H. S. Goold, dated San Jose, Costa Rica, January 6, 1930, describes the ovation given Minister Roy T. Photo from M. W. Altaffer Davis by the people of Costa Rica on his de¬ M R. ARTHUR BLISS LANE, CHIEF OF DIVISION parture from that country. At the hall given tit OF MEXICAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF the National Theater on New Year’s eve, which STATE, PRESENTING PRESIDENT HOOVER'S was attended not only by all the prominent citi¬ PHOTOGRAPH TO PRESIDENT-ELECT RUBIO zens, headed by the President, hut also by humble AS HE DEPARTED FROM AMERICAN SOIL folk who paid to he admitted to the galleries, public expression was given in striking manner to the affection in which Mr. and Mrs. Davis were FROM PANAMA held. A golden placque was presented to them in (CONSUL HERBERT O. WILLIAMS, Corre¬ memory of the occasion. A special train later spondent) took Mr. and Mrs. Davis to the seaport, and they received an ovation all long the line, even to Miss Frances E. Willis, Vice Consul at Val¬ the ship. As Mr. Goold remarked, “the universal paraiso, recently passed through Panama, en popularity of Mr. Davis in this country is worthy route to her post after a vacation. of reflection.” President Gonzales, in an interview published Dr. John Glover South, for the last eight years early in January, said, expressing sadness at Mr. our Minister to Panama, recently left for Wash¬ Davis’ departure, that “he made a place for him¬ ington with Mrs. South on his way to his new self in the hearts of all, ayid the Government, in 95 particular, treated him as an intimate friend”; FROM SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA while ex-President Ricardo Jiminez said: “The fairy who presided over his birth placed in his (CONSUL JOHN C. HUDSON, Correspondent) cradle an enviable gift—winning manners. This quality depends on the intelligence to a great ex¬ On November 11 Consul Dayle C. MacDonough tent. But mere intelligence is not sufficient, for was among those present at the Cenotaph at the every day we see men of great intelligence who, Armistice Day ceremony. instead of attracting, repel. To the intelligence which illuminates situations and which discovers The Oceanic Steamship Company’s new steamer the delicate spot where the hand must not be the S. S. Malolo on a round the Pacific “good placed with rudeness, nor even a glance with will” cruise was in Sydney from November 25 to frigidity, he who possesses the gift of winning November 28. On the 25th a luncheon was held manners must unite the sweet warmth which a on board, at which the company and ship’s offi¬ well-placed heart radiates and which wins af¬ cers were hosts to a large number of Sydney fection wherever it chooses. Often the intelligent business men. Consuls MacDonough and Hudson are not good; the good are not intelligent. .Mr. and Trade Commissioner Baldwin were among Davis is numbered among the exceptions. He is those present. wise and good.” The American Association “moved” Thanks¬ FROM CALI, COLOMBIA giving Day from the 28th to the 27th and held (WILLIAM E. CHAPMAN, Correspondent) the annual Thanksgiving dinner on the night ol Minister Jefferson Cafferv spent about two days the latter date. This was done to enable a large (January 16 and 17) at Cali en route to his post number of the passengers from the Malolo to be at Bogota from leave of absence in the United present. Turkey and cranberry sauce and other States. American delicacies added to the enjoyment of Secretary of Legation H. Freeman Matthews, the evening. Mrs. Matthews, H. Freeman, Jr., and Mrs. Mat¬ thews’ sister, Miss Janet Luke, were in Cali from On the 28th a Thanksgiving service was con¬ the evening of January 16 to the morning of ducted by the Rev. Hugh Baton. Consul Mac¬ January 19, en route from Bogota, Colombia, to Donough and Consul and Mrs. Hudson attended, Washington, D. C., incident to the recent assign¬ as well as a large number of others of the Ameri¬ ment of Mr. Matthews to the Latin American can colony. Division of the Department of State. They will tour down the west coast of South America as far as Valparaiso, Chile, before going to Wash¬ FROM AUCKLAND ington. (CONSUL WALTER F. BOYLE, Correspondent) Commander W. W. Smith, U. S. N., command¬ ing officer of the U. S. S. Sacramento, and six And now they are back from their honeymoon. other officers of the same vessel visited Cali on Consul and Mrs. Bernard Gotlieb were passengers January 18, leaving the following morning. They on the “Port Darwin,” touching at Auckland early came from the port of Buenaventura at the in¬ in December, on its way from New York to vitation of the Anglo-American Club of Cali, Wellington, where Consul Gotlieb is assigned. which entertained them at a tea in the afternoon and a reception and hall at night. Among the prize winner in the Auckland Sun Mrs. Alice M. Chapman, wife of Consul Wil¬ Christmas short-story contest was Miss Patricia liam E. Chapman, of Cali, underwent, on Decem¬ Newton, a New Zealand young lady, who does ber 23, 1929, at the Gorgas Hospital, Ancon, less romantic work as a member of the staff of Canal Zone, a major operation for adhesions. For the Auckland Consulate. a few days she suffered severely from the shock, and then began to recover normally. Consul and Mrs. Herbert O. Williams, of Panama, were most A Vice Consul recently signed himself as “in attentive and kind to her in every way available charge of the United States of America”—a big to them. responsibility. 96 CANVASS NAOUMI OF BAGDAD Cavass Naoumi was born in Bagdad, as were his ancestors for a good many generations back. Although an Arab, he was a member of the Chaldean Church. His father served with honor as chief butler at the British Residency of Bagdad for 30 years and N a o u m i spent much of his boyhood in the large com¬ pound of the Reside n cy, playing with the Indan Se¬ poys, of whom Security steel vans are used for there were 60 on shipping and for storage. If you duty as a guard are giving up your house in ad¬ for the Resi¬ vance of moving from your dent. He thus learned to present post it may be possible for speak Hindustanee t|uite as well as his own us to store your effects in one or native tongue. This was of great use to him more of our vans, lock and seal and to the American Consulate when the British them at your house and store the and Indian troops came marching up the river vans until you order them shipped and captured Bagdad in the year 1917. to your next residence. Naoumi was of great service to Consul Brissel during the war and during all the difficult times through which he passed and finally through his For information and rates concerning illness and death he was a faithful and devoted Van shipment or shipments in cases to or servant. When I reached Bagdad on January 20, from anywhere, address us either in 1917, from Constantinople, after a long.and tire¬ Washington or at Paris. some trip overland from Aleppo in a covered wagon, 1 found Naoumi had been waiting two 31 Place du Marche St. Honore months for the new Consul. I recollect 1 once asked him if he could swim, Telephone Central 30-89 because I wanted him to teach some boys in an Telegrams “Medium” Armenian Orphanage at Bagdad. He replied, “Chelibi, if I had not been a good swimmer my¬ self 1 would not be standing here.” Then he re¬ lated how he had gone as batman to a British officer from Bagdad to England before the war. They passed through the Indian Ocean during jSprupifg J&oragp (lompang the monsoon period and Naoumi was washed /or 39 years providing SECURITY for house¬ overhoard by a big wave. The chances of rescuing hold goods, lahlablcs, works of art, etc., in a man under such circumstances were verv slender indeed, but after searching for some time they Storage, Shipping, Moving picked him up not very much the worse for his struggle in the rough sea. 1140 Fifteenth Street lie was appointed head cavass at the consulate Washington, D. C. in Bagdad in 1918. which post he was still filling C. A. ASPINWALL, President. with distinction the last time 1 heard from there. OSCAR S. HEIZER. 97 Applicants desiring to qualify for the Foreign Service must he specially designated for examina¬ tion. Applications for designation are to be ad¬ dressed to the Secretary of State and must be filed not later than 40 days before the date set for the written examinations. No designations for the examinations to be held on July 14 and 15, 1930, will be made after June 3, 1930.

INVOICE HUMOR “The gods are not subject to income tax,” was a humorous statement recently seen by Consul Travers in a consular invoice. Presumably the shipper intended to say, “The goods are not sub¬ ject to export duty.”

Banking Service JACOB M. OWEN When General Grant was President of the To Foreign Service Officers United States, when “iron ships” were just begin¬ ning to take to the seas, and when Indian wars cav were still being fought. Jacob M. Owen was ap¬ pointed to be American Consular Agent at An¬ With over thirty-eight years napolis Royal, Nova Scotia, and after 58 years experience in banking and trust of service he is still serving faithfully and ac¬ tively at that post. Next to Vice Consul J. A. business, we offer every financial Springer, at Habana, he is the oldest consular facility to those in the Foreign officer in the service, being 83 years of age, and Service. as a holder of an unbroken tenure of office he ranks first in the service today. If photographs A banking connection in Wash¬ do not lie, he will be on the job for some time ington with this Institution will to come. be a source of satisfaction while CHARLES W. LEWIS, JR., American Consul. on duty at a foreign post. Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, January 29, 1930. cat, FOREIGN SERVICE EXAMINATIONS The Department of State announces that written examinations for commission to the Foreign Serv¬ 15th and Penna. Ave. ice will be held commencing July 14, 1930, at the Four Branches following points: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cin¬ cinnati, Denver, New Orleans, New York, Phila¬ Capital, $3,400,000 delphia, St. Louis, St. Paul, San Francisco, Seat¬ Surplus, $3,400,000 tle, and Washington. WASHINGTON’S LARGEST The oral tests completing the examination will TRUST COMPANY be held in Washington beginning October 27, 1930. 98 w

TO THE FORMALISTS: This page contains an error in diplomatic drafting. Can you find it?

A View of the Monument Grounds, Washington, D. C., as seen from the roof promenade of the HOTEL WASHINGTON

Aide Me moire THE MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE HOTEL WASHINGTON PRESENTS HIS COMPLIMENTS TO DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD AND HAS THE HONOR TO OFFER THE FOLLOWING FOR THEIR CONSIDERATION:

1. The Hotel Washington is situated opposite the 3. A DISCOUNT OF 2 5 PER CENT is given on United States Treasury Building at the corner Rooms to all visiting and resident foreign dip¬ of Pennsylvania Avenue and 15 th Street in lomats and to all Foreign Service Officers of Washington, D. C. the United States. 2. The hotel is just two blocks from the Depart¬ 4. The hotel caters to diplomatic functions of an ment of State and is the most centrally located exclusive character. Its waiters include men hotel in Washington in relation to the Execu¬ who are well versed in the Spanish, French, tive Departments of the Government. German and Italian languages.

S. E. BONNEVILLE, Managing Director HOTEL WASHINGTON

99 Alexander P. Moore, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Poland. Edward E. Brodie, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister F.B.KEECH & COMPANY Plenipotentiary to Finland. Dotial F. McGonigal, Secretary in the Diplomatic Service, Vice Consul of Career, and Foreign Service Office, Unclassified. We maintain complete departments and February 6, 1930: private wires for the execution of orders in Claude H. Hall, Jr., Secretary in the Diplomatic Service. STOCKS BONDS NOMINATIONS GRAIN COTTON The following executive nominations were re¬ COFFEE RUBBER ceived bv the Senate on the dates indicated: SUGAR COCOA February 6, 1930: The following named persons, now Foreign Service Officers and Consuls, to be also Secretaries in the Diplo¬ H Corner 17th St., N. W., Washington matic Service of the United States of America: Maynard B. Barnes, of Iowa. 52 Broadway, New York .1. Rives Childs, of Virginia. Edward P. Lawton, Jr., of Georgia. Chicago Philadelphia Providence Brooklyn February 8, 1930: Members of Herman Bernstein, of New York, to be Envoy Ex¬ traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Linited New York Cotton Exchange States of America to Albania. New Orleans Cotton Exchange Liverpool Cotton Exchange, Ltd. (Assoc. Members) Bremen Cotton Exchange (Assoc. Members) Winnipeg Grain Exchange Chicago Board of Trade FOREIGN SERVICE N. Y. Coffee & Sugar Exchange, Inc. Rubber Exchange of New York, Inc. CHANGES New York Stock Exchange Washington Stock Exchange Released for publication January 25, 1930 New York Curb Market Chicago Stock Exchange The following changes have occurred in the American Foreign Service since January 18: Merritt Swift, of Washington, D. C., Second Secretary CONFIRMATIONS of Legation at The Hague, temporarily assigned Second Secretary of Legation at Vienna. The following executive nominations were con¬ The following promotions have been made in firmed by the Senate on the dates indicated: the Foreign Service: January 22, 1930: Unclassified ($2,500 ta $2,750) Gilchrist Baker Stockton, Envoy Extraordinary and Robert Y. Brown, of Dothan, Ala., now Vice Consul at Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria. Baghdad, Iraq. John Motley Morehead, Envoy Extraordinary and Edward G. Trueblood, of Evanston, 111., now Vice Minister Plenipotentiary to Sweden. Consul at La Paz, Bolivia. Plenry Wharton Shoemaker, Envoy Extraordinary and Carlos T. Warner, of Chagrin Falls, Ohio, now Vice Minister Plenipotentiary to Bulgaria. Consul at Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ralph H. Booth, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Denmark. Unclassified ($2,750 to $3,000) Franklin Mott Gunther, Envoy Extraordinary and Gordon L. Burke, of Macon, Ga., now Vice Consul at Minister Plenipotentiary to Ecuador. Peiping, China. Edward Page, Jr., Secretary in the Diplomatic Service. .1. Ernest Black, of Pittsburgh, Pa., now Vice Consul Charles R. Cameron, Consul General. at Bremen, Germany. Edward P. Lawton, Jr., Consul. Albert W. Scott, of Missouri, now Vice Consul at William Clark Vyse, Consul. Basel, Switzerland. Julian F. Harrington, Consul. Non-Career The nominations of the Foreign Service officers Ferdinand E. Libenow has been appointed American listed in the JOURNAL for last month (pp. 62-63) Consular Agent at Chanaral to succeed William C. Archi¬ were all confirmed by the Senate on January 22, bald, resigned. 1930. Released for publication February 1, 1930 January 25, 1930: The following changes have occurred in the Abraham C. Ratshesky, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Czechoslovakia. American Foreign Service since January 25: January 31, 1930: Charles R. Cameron, of Le Roy, N. Y„ now serving Fred Morris Bearing, Ambassador Extraordinary and as American Consul at Sao Paulo, Brazil, assigned Amer¬ Plenipotentiary to Petu. ican Consul General at that post. 100 Fred D. Fisher, of Portland, Oreg., now American Consul at Santos, Brazil, assigned Consul at Nassau, Bahamas. Edward Page, Jr., of West Newton, Mass., Vice Con¬ sul at Montreal, Canada, designated Th.rd Secretary of Embassy and assigned to Tokyo, Japan. Non-Career Corner 16th and Eye Streets, N. W. The services of John J. Bourinot, of Port Hawkes- bury, Nova Scotia, Consular Agent at Port Hawkesbury, terminated January 15, 1930, due to the closing of the Agency at that post. C. Franklin Yeager, Jr., of Greeley, Colo., American Vice Consul at Buenaventura, Colombia, assigned Ameri¬ can Vice Consul at Patras, Greece. Released for publication February 15. 1950 The following changes have occurred in the American Foreign Service since February 1 : Willard Galbraith, of Los Angeles, Calif., confirmed as Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, and as Vice Con¬ Only three minutes from the State, War sul of Career and Secretary m the Diplomatic Serv.ce, and assigned American V.ce Consul at Panama. and Navy Departments, the White William J. McCafferty, of San Francisco, Calif., now Flouse, and all Clubs, and is the American Consul at Chihuahua, Mexico, designated Sec¬ center of all that is worth ond Secretary of Legation.and assigned to Guatemala. while Donal F. McGonigal, of Troy, N. Y'., now American 5 ice Consul (non-career) at Beirut, Syria, confirmed SPECIAL RATES Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, and Vice Consul of Career and Secretary in the Diplomatic Service, and TO THE DIPLOMATIC AND assigned American Vice Consul at Beirut. CONSULAR SERVICE Hugh S. Miller, of Chicago, 111., now American Con¬ sul at Milan, Italy, assigned American Consul at Malta.

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101 served the Government as you have in the important position of Despatch Agent for 44 years, but it must Washington’s Leading Florist he particularly gratifying to you, as it has been to your colleagues, to have given such uniform and complete FLOWERS satisfaction not only to your Government and the Depart¬ ment of State, under which you immediately served, but via Wire to Any City—Any Time Within also to the many thousands of Government officers whose the Hour problems you have lessened, and whose strong and lasting friendship you have gained. Few men have had the opportunity which has been given you, and fewer have employed their opportunities in the interests of the Gov¬ WASHINGTON, D. C. ernment and their fellow citizens more completely and 1212 F St. N. W. 1102 Cor.r.. jive. successfully than you have done. You have won for National 4278 Decatur 3146 yourself the gratitude of the Department under which 5016 Conn. Ave. 3103 14th St. N. W. Cleveland 1226 Col. 3103 you have served and that of your friends in all parts of the world, who have profited by your good will and Members of Florists' Telegraph Delivery Association devotion to duty. You carry into private life the good will and affectionate regard of all your colleagues and friends in the Depart¬ Maurice C. Pierce, of Madison Wis., now American ment of State, a souvenir of whose good will will be Consul at Bergen. Norway, assigned American Consul at presented to you in their name by your long-time friend, Stuttgart, Germany. William McNeir, the bearer of this note. The assignment of H. F. Arthur Schoenfeld, of Wash¬ Yours ever faithfully, ington, D. C., as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister WILBUR J. CARR. Plenipotentiary to Costa Rica has been canceled. Mr. I. P. ROOSA, ESQUIRE, Schoenfeld has resigned as Foreign Service Officer of United States Despatch Agency, Class I. New York, N. Y. Francis H. Styles, of Falls Church, Va., now American Consul at Antwerp, Belgium, assigned American Consul The souvenir above mentioned was an open- at Chihuahua, Mexico. face gold watch, with chain, which Mr. McNeir Non-Career presented to Mr. Roosa at his office on January 27. Harold R. Brown, of Roxbury, Mass., now Vice Con¬ The watch was engraved on the outer case with sul at Georgetown, British Guiana, has resigned, effec¬ an American eagle, and on the inner case, “I. P. tive March IS. Roosa, from his colleagues in the Despatch Erich A. W. Hoffmann, of Milwaukee, Wis., now serv¬ Agency, the Department of State, and the Ameri¬ ing as clerk in the Consulate General at Budapest, Hun¬ can Foreign Service. Jan. 27, 1930.” Mr. Mc¬ gary, appointed vice consul at that post. The services of John Neil Murphy, of Socorro, Neir made a brief speech, and Mr. Howard Fyfe N. Mex., serving as Consular Agent at Arequipa, Peru, also spoke, expressing his high admiration for terminated on December 16, 1929, due to the closing of Mr. Roosa and saying that, as his successor, to the Agency. live up to Mr. Roosa’s record would be a very difficult and hard task. Mr. Roosa was too over¬ Foreign Service Officer Harry M. Lakin was come to reply except with a few broken words of retired from the Service February 11. 1930. thanks. Harry M. Hall, Vice Consul and Clerk, War¬ saw. Poland, was retired from the Service Feb¬ ruary 15. 1930. THE UNIVERSITY CLUB OF WASHINGTON PRESENTATION TO I. P. EXTENDS PRIVILEGES TO MEMBERS ROOSA OF FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION The retirement on January 27, 1930, of 1. P. It will be of interest to Foreign Service Officers Roosa, as United States Despatch Agent at New to know that the Association has effected an ar¬ York, was mentioned in last month’s issue, but rangement with the University Club of Washing¬ Mr. Roosa’s many friends will be glad to read the ton whereby any male member of the Foreign following letter addressed to him by Assistant Service Association on leave or temporary status Secretary of State Wilbur J. Carr: in Washington can be accorded guest privileges at the club on the same basis which the club adopts WASHINGTON, January 24, 1930. in extending reciprocal privileges to members of MY DEAR ROOSA: It is difficult for one of your old other approved university clubs. Such guest privi¬ associates to attempt to express to you, on behalf of himself and others who have served with you, the feeling leges entail the payment of a fee of $5 for a two- which your retirement from the service of the Govern¬ week period, the privileges being renewable on the ment has created. It is a conspicuous honor to have same basis. Any members desiring guest cards 102 will fill out application blanks available in Room 113. Department of State. In connection with this arrangement the Uni¬ FOR TWENTY-FIVE YEARS versity Club has also made special concessions to Photographers to the Foreign Service Officers who are resident in Diplomatic Corps and the Washington on departmental duty and who are Consular Service eligible for membership. Resident dues, which amount to $80 per year, payable quarterly (or HARRIS & EWING $40 per year payable quarterly for junior mem¬ bers, limited to three years’ period following THE HOME OF graduation from college), are remitted in the case “NATIONAL NOTABLES” of Foreign Service Officers while on service 1313 F Street N. W. WASHINGTON. D. C. abroad for a period longer than one year, on Phone Main 8700 notice in writing of such service abroad being made to the secretary of the club. Mr. Havens, the assistant secretary of the Association, will be glad to advise any member of the Foreign Service representative group of members who are Officers Association who may he interested with respect to of the Foreign Service, and it has now manifested an interest in cooperating in a more definite way the eligibility rules of the University Club and toward extending its facilities more generally to the procedure for applying for membership. the Officers of the Foreign Service as a class. If The advantages now offered by the University sufficient interest develops, the Association is con¬ Club, either by way of guest privileges or special sidering maintaining a special register at the club concessions in the case of membership, will, it is for Foreign Service Officers who are on duty or believed, be appreciated by many members of the visiting in Washington. Other special privileges Association who do not have club connections in may perhaps be arranged in case sufficient interest Washington. The University Club already has a is shown.

ifiiiiiiiHiiMiimiiHiimimiiiHimiiiimiMiiiimiiiiiiHiiiiiiiitMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiimiiMiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiMiiiutiiiiiiiiiiimiiMmimiiiiiiiiMiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiimiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiimiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiimmiiiiiiiitr | Washington, 'D. C - HOTEL POWHATAN ‘ Corner Pennsylvania Avenue and 18th St., N. W. One block from the State, War | and Navy building. A refined, | high-class Hotel conducted on the | European plan. Rooms with bath from $3.5 0. | 15', discount allowed the Diplo- | matic and Consular Service. + * Open-air Roof Garden June to September | where meals are served 7.00 p. m. to mid- | night with concert and dance music. Cover 1 charge $1.00 per person, no charge for house | guests. + *

E. C. OWEN, Managing Director 1 Telephone: National 2740

TiiiiiimtiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiMiiiiiiimiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiimimiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiimiMiiiiiiMmimiimmiiiimiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiimiiiimimiiiiiiHimiiiiiiimmiiiiiir! 103 HOMES OF THE DEPART¬ MENT OF STATE THE LANGDON (Continued from pane 85) terpreter in the Department and to occupy 2 East 56th (Cor. 5th Ave.) the third floor in the building as his residence. NEW YORK CITY The enormous difficulties under which Living¬ ston labored, with his small s.aff, can not be de¬ scribed. On January 25, 1782, Livingston set A quiet, exclusive hotel in New York’s forth to Congress the difficulties surrounding the most interesting section. administration of the business of his office, and as THREE BLOCKS FROM CENTRAL PARK a result of his suggestions an act was passed Feb¬ Rooms (with bath) single $4.00 ruary 22, 1782, defining and enlarging his duties, Rooms (with bath) double 5.00 which was a great step in advance of the act of Suites (with bath and salon) .... 10.00 January 10, 1781, but the Secretary was, how¬ ever, dependent upon the will of Congress in small things as well as large. EXCEPTIONAL RESTAURANT In December, 1782. Livingston tendered his resignation, assigning as the principal reason the increasing business of the New York Court of Personal direction of Chancery; he furthermore stated that the salary was quite inadequate. Congress persuaded him to MR. EDMUND H. CHATILLON stay in office until the following May, and on his retirement passed resolutions thanking him for Telephone: Cable: his services and expressing “a high sense of the Plaza 7100 Langdon, New York ability, zeal and fidelity with which he had dis¬ PATRONIZED BY MEMBERS OF THE charged the trust reposed in him.” His last paper AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE as Secretary was signed June 5. 1783.

ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

BUILDERS OF SUPERSTRUCTURES AS WELL AS SUBSTRUCTURES

POWER STATION IRRIGATION DAM Office Buildings - Industrial Plants - Warehouses - Railroads and Terminals - Foundations Underpinning - Filtration and Sewage Plants - Hydro-Electric Developments - Power Houses Highivays - River and Harbor Developments - Bridges and Bridge Piers - Mine Shafts and Tunnels THE FOUNDATION COMPANY NEW YORK ATLANTA CHICAGO LOS ANGELES LONDON LIMA PITTSBURGH SAN FRANCISCO MONTREAL MEXICO CITY CARTAGENA THE FOUNDATION COMPANY (FOREIGN) NEW YORK LONDON TOKYO ATHENS PARIS BRUSSELS

104 COMMERCIAL WORK FOR TRADE CONFERENCE JANUARY WORK The volume of trade data received in the Com¬ December 1, 1929, to date: mercial Office of the Department of State from Consul General George S. Messersmith (Buenos consular offices during the month of January, Aires) visited Baltimore, Chicago, St. Louis, Los Angeles, 1930, as compared with the corresponding month San Francisco, Wilmington (Del.), New York City, of the preceding year, is indicated as follows: Boston, and Philadelphia. Consul A. W. Donegan (Munich) visited New Orleans. 1929 1930 U. Grant-Smith, Minister to Uruguay, visited Detroit. Consul General Thomas H. Bevan (Oslo) visited New Reports 1,876 1,733 York City. Trade Letters 4,028 3,776 Consul Ralph A. Boernstein (Malmo) visited Balti¬ Trade Lists 182 89 more and Chicago. World Trade Directory reports.... 2,722 3,638 Consul General North Winship (Copenhagen) visited Chicago and New York City. Trade Opportunity Reports 296 273 Consul Walter A. Foote (Medan) visited New York The officers whose posts and names follow pre¬ City, Boston, and Philadelphia. pared reports received during January, 1930, rated excellent: Basel, Vice Consul Albert W. Scott; Batavia, Consul General Coert du Bois; DEPARTMENT OF Belgrade, Consul Stewart E. McMillin; Breslau, COMMERCE Consul Lester L. Schnare; Brisbane, Consul Al¬ The Foreign Service Division, Bureau of For¬ bert M. Doyle; Brussels, Consul William C. Bur¬ eign and Domestic Commerce, Department of den; Cardiff, Consul Ralph C. Busser; Glasgow, Commerce, furnished on February 15, 1930. the Consul Marcel E. Malige (2 reports) ; Goteborg, following notes relative to their field representa¬ Consul Henry C. von Struve; Habana, Consul tives : < ieneral F. T. F. Dumont; Kobe, Consul George Among the foreign representatives who have recently (i. Haering; La Paz, Vice Consuls Trueblood and returned to the United States are Assistant Commercial Mills (1 report) ; Mexico City, Consul Dudley G. Attache John A. Embry, from Vienna, and Trade Com¬ Dwyre; Nice. Consul Robertson Honey; Prague, missioner Paul P. Steintorf, from Tokyo. Mr. Floyd E. Sullivan, recently of the New York Consul General Arthur C. Frost; Sao Paulo, Con¬ District Office and formerly of the Johannesburg office, sul General Charles R. Cameron; Taihoku, Vice is being appointed a Trade Commissioner to London. Consul Charles S. Reed. Mr. Charles F. Baldwin, who for several years has Trade letters (one letter from each post ex¬ been a Trade Commissioner at Sydney, Australia, is re¬ cept where indicated parenthetically) received turning at an early date to accept a position as Assistant Chief of the Automotive Division of the Bureau of For¬ during the same period from the following-named eign and Domestic Commerce in Washington. He will posts were accorded the rating of excellent: Am¬ be succeeded in Sydney by Mr. James E. Peebles, for¬ sterdam ; Berlin (5); Bucharest (2); Buenos merly the District Manager of the Portland office. Aires (6); Glasgow; Halifax; Lagos; London. Assistant Trade Commissioner Walter E. Aylor is being transferred from Mexico City to Guatemala. England (2) ; Paris; Rio de Janeiro; Rome; Rot¬ Mr. Everett B. Ansley, recently of the Minerals Divi¬ terdam (2); Shanghai; Singapore; and Stock¬ sion of this Bureau, has been appointed an Assistant holm. Trade Commissioner to Istanbul. SHIPPING REPORTS During the month of January the Shipping NATIONAL FOREIGN Section of the Division of Foreign Service Ad¬ ministration accorded the rating excellent to TRADE CONVENTION shipping reports submitted by the following offi¬ “The outstanding feature of American foreign cers: Vice Consul G. H. Butler. Montreal; Vice trade is the increase abroad (by more than 12 Consul Daniel Miller. London; Consul General percent last year) of the products of our manu¬ G. Bie Ravndal, Berlin; Vice Consul Arthur G. facture,” declared James A. Farrell, chairman of Parsloe, Santos; Consul William Keblinger, Bom- the National Foreign Trade Council, in issuing the bav; Vice Consul Eugene W. Nabel, Rotterdam; call for the Seventeenth National Foreign Trade Consul Samuel H. Wilev. Cherbourg; Vice Con¬ Convention. The meeting will be held in Los sul Ellis A. Johnson. Plymouth; Consul G. Rus¬ Angeles on May 21. 22 and 23. and returns from sell Taggart. Belize; Consul Henry C. von Struve, the council’s preliminary invitation indicate that Goteborg; Vice Consul Thomas J. Maleady. Port about 2,000 foreign traders from all parts of the Limon. country will be present. The Los Angeles Cham- 105 ber of Commerce will be the hosts to the con¬ He goes to work early—usually at 9 A. M., and vention, and the Pacific Foreign Trade Council, interviews business men and export managers at comprising foreign traders in all Pacific Coast half-hour intervals throughout the morning. cities, is meeting in cooperation with the national Lunchtime is ordinarily a breathing spell, or the gathering. consul may attend a foreign trade meeting and O. K. Davis, secretary of the National Foreign be called on to make a short address on market Trade Council, India House, 1 Hanover Square, possibilities and economic conditions. He dashes New York City, in forwarding this announce¬ back to the district office in time for his first after¬ ment. said that their meeting in San Francisco 10 noon appointment—let us say 2 o’clock—and im¬ years ago was the largest they had ever had, and mediately goes into conferences lasting until 5 that “this year’s meeting at Los Angeles is in re¬ P. M. If no interview or dinner meeting is sponse to the remarkable advance in foreign trade, scheduled, he probably returns wearily to his hotel which is still continuing, on the Pacific Coast, the and so to bed to dream restlessly of endless queues fastest growing foreign trade area in the country.” of energetic export managers. A few typical examples to illustrate : During his two days’ stay in Chicago, Consul General Messer- ON ITINERARY AT A DIS¬ smith conferred with 28 business men, was a guest TRICT OFFICE at two luncheons and one dinner, and made one address. He started early and finished late. Con¬ By E. 1. ANDERSON, Asst. District Manager, sul General C. I. Dawson also had a whirlwind Chicago Office, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic of interviews and met 31 people in three days, Commerce, Department of Coinmerce attended one luncheon and made three outside During the past few years many consular offi¬ calls. Many other examples could be mentioned cers have had the experience of returning from here, but space does not permit a detailed outline. their posts to the United States and going “on In a statistical sense, the above-mentioned illus¬ itinerary.” To the uninitiated it might he ex¬ tration may not seem particularly trying, but plained that they journey through the country consider for a moment that each export manager telling the American business man about their has an entirely different problem from the next consular districts and his sales opportunities there. one. and puts forth questions that call for mental Consular officers on itinerary make their head¬ acrobatics and rapid-fire answers. quarters at the District Offices of the Department Every foreign service officer who has visited of Commerce and Chambers of Commerce, and the Chicago District Office officially on trade con¬ appointments with export executives are made in ference work has expressed keen satisfaction in advance of his arrival. The Chicago District having the opportunity of meeting the representa¬ ( )ffice has been especially fortunate in receiving tive American manufacturer engaged in foreign visits from many consuls and readers of the trade and discussing his problems in person. In Journal may be interested in learning what actu¬ the first place, these visits offer a golden oppor¬ ally happens to a foreign service man bent on trade tunity for the exporter to learn more about a for¬ promoting. eign market than he could be long drawn out cor-

ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN CLAIMS and all other WAR CLAIMS in connection with confiscated properties by former allied or central governments Miscellaneous Collections here and abroad, New Financing, Funding of Debts, Re-organization of Foreign Firms, Incorporations under American Laws, Financial Investigations and Credit Information CARL M. J. von ZIELINSKI Foreign Trade and Financial Adviser 90 WALL STREET NEW YORK Cable Address: ‘‘Zielinski’' All Standard Codes Used Agents and Correspondents in practically all parts of the world.

106 respondence. Secondly, these conferences give tire consular officer a first-hand insight into the problems of his callers, and makes it possible for him to better visualize their requirements on re¬ turning to his post. Going on itinerary is an interesting and instruc¬ tive assignment to the foreign service officer and the District Office hopes that on your next home leave “you are instructed to proceed to Chicago for trade conferences.”

TRADE OPPORTUNITY SERVICE

By A. S. HILLYER. Chief, Commercial Intelligence Division, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com¬ merce, Department of Commerce. There are as many divergent opinions existing with the staff of the Bureau of Foreign and Do¬ mestic Commerce regarding the Foreign Trade (fpportunity Service as may be had on the subject of the best college to which to send your son and daughter, the best brand of tobacco to use, or whether blondes or brunettes are preferable, to In Office, Factory and gentlemen who have such decisions to make. This same condition in respect to the Trade School (fpportunitv Service exists with the District and In the commercial centers—in the cities and Cooperative Office Managers who operate the far-off corners of the earth—in the schools of service stations of the Bureau in various cities of every nation—in fact wherever human thoughts this country and who once a year come to head¬ and deeds are recorded—there you will find the quarters in Washington in a body to discuss Underwood the standard of typewriter efficiency. their respective and collective problems, and on Stenographers and typists realize that “Under¬ each of these occasions the subject of Trade Op¬ wood" means fast and accurate typewriting— portunities is a topic for discussion. with less fatigue and better work. The execu¬ 1 presume you men in tbe Consular Service re¬ tive, too, appreciates the value of “Underwood” gard the Trade (fpportunity service with more or work—clear, clean-cut letters down to the last less mixed emotion, and that your opinions of its carbon, and he knows that when a letter is value may be as divergent as ours, but I doubt “Underwood” typed it represents the company’s if vou would rate the service 100 percent from the highest standard. standpoint of real sales promotion effort in the in¬ A demonstration on the “Underwood” will terest of American exporters generally. place you under no obligation. What is wrong with the Trade Opportunity Service? Anything? Yes. Is there anything good about the service? Yes. Please note that I Underwood am asking these questions and I am answering Standard, Noiseless and Portable Typewriters—Bookkeeping Machines them; it is your option to agree or disagree UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER COMPANY Division of Underwood Elliott Fisher Company with me. 1413 New York Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C.

It was possible to trace during the fiscal year ' UNDERWOOD. ELL'OTT-F SHER. SUNDSTRAND SPEED THE WORLD'S BUSINESS" ending June 30 last, sales amounting to over $2,000,000 to American manufacturers here of in¬ dustrial machinery, and almost the same amount to American manufacturers of airplanes, engines UNDERWOOD and parts for same, directly attributable to Trade Speeds the Worlds Business Opportunities received from the field from the 107 Consular staff and the field men of the Commerce Department; and now that a systematic check-up is being made by our field staff we may see some surprising results when these returns are tabulated at the end of the present fiscal year. “What the World Wants,” as expressed by these foreign trade opportunities has more than a publicity value, as indicated by results which rep¬ resent a checking only in respect to two industries, and while this average probably would not hold true with other major industries, there is no gain¬ saying the fact that the Trade Opportunity Serv¬ ice does produce dollars and cents results to Amer¬ ican traders. There are weak spots in the service and there European industry is are occasions where American exporters abuse the traditionally watch¬ service. The weak spots can be strengthened; ful of operating econ¬ many have been in the past few years; and it is omies Every precau¬ quite possible that the abuse mentioned can be tion is taken to insure minimized. However, it should be kept in mind dependable operation that this is a free service, available to any bona of its engines and fide American concern located in this country en¬ machines. This pains¬ gaged in foreign selling. taking care includes It is my belief that there are trade leads exist¬ the use of specifically ing in the foreign markets which might be re¬ correct lubricants and garded as Trade Opportunities and into this class the counsel of scien¬ I have included newly organized businesses which tific authority on lub¬ rication. Therefore— must do their buying somewhere and might prove good outlets for American suppliers, but the real opportunities are those from established firms of the foremost indus¬ which specifically define their requirements and represent not onlyr a chance for the American sup¬ trial companies in Eu¬ plier to make one sale, but lead to continuous and pleasant relations for both parties. rope, 80% use Vacuum Every sales promotion activity of the foreign Oil Company lubricants staffs of the Departments of State and Commerce should be practical and efficient. None, however, for their exacting re- will be free from criticism, but it should be pos¬ sible—if the criticism is constructive—to profit quirements. by that criticism; if not, it should be passed by as a waste of time. The practical help of Vacuum I am sure that any opinions for the improve¬ Oil Company lubrication engineers ment of the service or any constructive criticisms is available to industrial officials regarding the service will be appreciated by the and plant managers in every indus¬ Directors of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic try in every civilized country. Commerce.

©p®! It is a great pleasure to have these two interest¬ ing articles from officers connected with the De¬ Lubricating Oils partment of Commerce, which it is hoped will be followed by others. The suggestion for construc¬ VACUUM OIL COMPANY tive criticism of the Trade Opportunity Service is one that should appeal to members of the Ameri¬ can Foreign Service. 108 SPORTS winning of a double-header against a Laurel (Md.) semi-professional team. By ROBERT B. CONSIDINE, Department This department of THE AMERICAN FOREIGN At golf we seem to make our best showing. SERVICE JOURNAL begins on the proverbial and The Department’s “A” team finished a mere hut much abused shoestring. Except in our case it is incriminating stroke behind Treasury Department, a rather short lace and somewhat worn. winners of the Departmental Golf League. The quest for a good 5-cent cigar having been Prospects for 1930 are not especially bright. cut short by a change in administration, the next Coupled with the “loss” of George Wadsworth is in line is a search for information concerning the the resignation of Irwin Hair, a mainspring in sports activities and proclivities of that body of the Department’s golfing successes for the past men led by Secretary Stimson and perhaps best few years. But the chances are excellent that calliope’ed by Mister Edward Savoy. State will retain its prestige despite these blows. The field is open. From polo up to and includ¬ Mil Shipley, who last season swamped rivals from ing bean-bag is news acceptable to this page. All other departments with a low gross score of 151. holds permitted and hitting in the clinches will once more lead the team, ably augmented by encouraged. Jack Simmons and Bob Scotten. Drop us a line. Chess results, if necessary. Speaking of Consul Simmons, if the Depart¬ ment should carry its educational propensities to The summer of 1929 was far from kind to the the point of rewarding its athletes, John Farr Department’s tennis team. “Speaking of Tennis,” would he the owner of three major letters. He a column appearing in the Washington Post played No. 1 on the tennis team; pitched, as I summed up the matter in midseason in these have said, a few times for the nine; and played terms: in many golf matches. Add that to his duties “At least State Department, thoroughly en¬ as Chief of the Visa Office and it’s difficult to sconced in last place in the Departmental Tennis visualize how he had the time and temerity to League, has something to be proud of. It has hole out in one on the ninth at Chevy Chase. A eradicated Veterans’ Bureau from the position mere 230 yards! that team has held for years. This is no small feat. It took Veterans five years to establish un¬ Press despatches have it that one George Wads¬ disputed sovereignty over the bottom rung, while worth is the newly crowned open golf champion State achieved the goal in a month or two. of Egypt. Will the gentleman from New York “Let Treasury and War fight it out for first yield—a more complete account of the match? place! The big battle rages on the southern front. Veterans threaten to regain their lost stronghold. Washington’s weather has caused most sports to Honor will he meted out next Monday on the run for cover. Kelley, Hamilton. Packer, Stewart, Monument Courts beginning at 5 o’clock.” Nilsen, and a few others keep the waistlines under partial submission by bowling twice a week. Ar¬ < )ur team continued to maintain a vise-like grip thur Bliss Lane, Samuel Reber and Livingston on their position and relinquished it only when the Flartley choose squash racquets. League disbanded for the winter. In fact, we finished so far in the cellar we'll blink during the Really, this whole affair can be made practically first half of next summer. interesting. Let us know what is going on in Baseball suffered a better fate. Led by Captain your precinct. Dave Crenshaw, the team battled forty times dur¬ ing the summer and came off first twenty-five Robert B. Considine. who has kindly contributed times. the foregoing, was born in Washington, and in John Farr Simmons, who once upon a time addition to his Departmental duties is attending caused Princeton undergrads to “rise and give George Washington University. He is well vent,” did a major portion of the hurling for known in tennis circles, bein^ the District of Col¬ the Department’s team. umbia singles champion, the National Public Tom Valenza, a young Index Bureaucrat and Parks doubles champion, and captain of the tennis well known in Washington as a hall player of team of the Department of State. He is also a major league promise, put up a sterling game at sports writer and columnist rff the Washington third base all season. Post. It is hoped that his call for news from the The grand slam of the season’s play was the field will meet with a hearty response. 109 which might linger for years and jeopardize our best interests. The status of our Consular Service is not supposed to be diplomatic, but the very multiplicity of their contacts with the citizens of the countries to which they are accredited calls for the display of the keenest diplomacy. We might very well get along without our ambassadors or ministers, but all commercial intercourse with foreign states would cease if our Consular Service were abandoned for one brief month. After a personal visit to our consulates in Europe, Great Britain and the Irish Free State, I must pay a well-merited tribute to the able, courteous men whom we have representing us abroad. I saw no signs of spats or false airs of ostentation. Their absence abroad had not ruined them, as is so fre¬ quently alleged, but, on the contrary, they have become, if possible, better Americans. They are well educated and, without being snobs, they are men of refinement. Speaking two or three languages, they acquire a mental attitude of toleration to all man¬ kind and readily adapt themselves to the environment in any part of the world to which their duties call them. They are at the beck and call of a superior authority and, like the men in our Army or Navy, must be ready at a moment’s notice to go wherever they are sent with¬ out a murmur. This entails frequent sacrifices of which men employed in the United States can have no adequate appreciation. If married, as most of them are, a change of station generally involves great financial loss. The education of their children, particularly in Great Britain and Ireland, becomes a serious problem and involves a large item of expense. The finding of adequate and appropriate homes for their families is also a difficult and expensive problem. When we consider that the manner in which they live accrues to the benefit of this great Nation, they should be commended for the sacrifices they make to uphold our Harris & Eivinfj honor and our dignity abroad. I have come to the conclusion that consuls are born, HON. ANTHONY J. GRIFFIN not made. They are not slaves to the almighty dollar. If they were, they would not remain in the Service one year. The compensation they receive is wholly inade¬ Speech of the HON. ANTHONY J. GRIFFIN, of quate. Some of the vice consuls abroad—competent men Nezv York, House of Representatives, Monday, of education—are receiving less pay from our Govern¬ January 27, 1930 ment for their manifold duties than skilled artisans in the United States. (Congressional Record, January 29, 1930) ******* The House in Committee of the Whole House on the It had been alleged that there was a certain duplica¬ state of the Union had under consideration the bill (H. R. tion of the work by the Consular Service and by the 8960) making appropriations for the Departments of Department of Commerce. We found on investigation State, Justice and for the Judiciary, and for the Depart¬ that there was very little evidence of a general duplica¬ ments of Commerce and Labor for the fiscal year ending tion of work. The activities of the commercial attaches June 30, 1931, and for other purposes. and trade commissioners are confined largely to the cap¬ MR. GRIFFIN. . . . itals of the countries to which they are accredited. Of At the instance of our chairman, under the authoriza¬ course, there should be no rivalry between the different tion in last year’s bill, our .subcommittee took a close-up departments of our Government except a laudable com¬ view of the consular situation abroad. Certain specific petition to render efficient national service. regions were assigned to each member of the committee, BUREAU OF FOREIGN COMMERCE ft fell to my lot to observe conditions in certain con¬ The Bureau of Foreign Commerce is necessarily de¬ sulates in Europe and in all of the consulates in the pendent for the bulk of its trade information upon the British Isles. researches of the consular officers. In all the offices I Few Americans realize how large a part our Consular visited, I found that the consuls had a thoroughly organ¬ Service plays, not only in conducting our commercial ized method of handling trade information inquiries and intercourse with other countries but in promoting and their reports on specific inquiries were quite varied and maintaining international cordiality. A slip in conduct, voluminous. a thoughtless word, or the slightest breach of courtesy Tlie commercial attaches and trade commissioners we might easily lay the foundation for an unfriendly spirit. found to be men of the highest type and particularly 110 skilled in the work to which they were assigned. They to bring all offices of American departments together in showed a readiness to cooperate with the Consnlar Serv¬ one locality in the capitals of the respective countries. ice. In that connection I want to make the following Their wide separation, as in Berlin. Paris, and London, suggestions: means lost motion, loss of time and expense in trans¬ portation, all of which constitute an inconvenience not SUGGESTION 1 only to the officials themselves but to the constantly- Where specialists in certain industries are sent into increasing numbers of Americans who go abroad. consular districts, misunderstandings can be avoided and II the work expedited without danger of duplication by giving them instructions to establish immediate contact The consul general should arrange for a meeting of with the consul and thus get the benefit of the researches all the consuls in his jurisdiction at stated intervals. To already made. this meeting the commercial attache and all trade com¬ missioners engaged in researches should be invited. Mu¬ In several instances, I found that an agent of the tual cooperation, methods of handling problems submitted Bureau of Foreign Commerce and a consul would find should be discussed. themselves “pursuing the same quarry"; that is, making identical studies on a trade inquiry which some American III concern (through extra solicitude) had addressed to both Provision should be made for the payment of the ex¬ the State Department and the Department of Commerce. penses of the consuls and of the trade commissioners going to and from and while attending these gatherings. SUGGESTION 2 IV The consul and the commercial attache should inter¬ Better pay for American clerks. change notice of all trade inquiries before researches are begun. 1 found that one of the trade commissioners had V cut all red tape and followed this plan, as a matter of Better pay for foreign clerks. (This point was pretty common sense, with the result that official cordiality be¬ well covered in the hearings.) tween the two departments of the Government was firmly established, valuable cooperation instituted, and facilita¬ VI tion of the work in hand attained. All American consulates should fly the American flag. Before I conclude I wish to submit the following sug¬ The purpose of this suggestion is, of course, twofold. gestions for the good of the Consular Service: First, as a matter of patriotic sentiment it will be a comfort to Americans to see this token of home. Second, I it will help to identify the consulate and make it easy A systematic and concerted attempt should be made to find.

SPECIALLY EQUIPPED

for EXPORT The Erie Railroad is geared for heavy duty. Its dependable road haul service, and IMPORT coupled with unsurpassed lighterage and terminal facilities in New York Harbor, make it the choice of exporters and im¬ TRAFFIC porters. H. F. Bell, Foreign Freight Traffic Manager 50 Church Street, New York

C. E. Lodge, Foreign Freight Agent D. R. Thompson, Foreign Freight Agent Produce Exchange Bldg., New York Transportation Bldg., Chicago, 111.

FOREIG AGENCIES: LONDON LIVERPOOL BIRMINGHAM GLASGOW HAMBURG BREMEN 4 Billiter Street 17 Brunswick Street 1 Cannon Street ! I Mitchell St. Kirdorfhaus Ferdinandstr. 38/44 Holzporte 10 ERIE RAILROAD SYSTEM The Heavy Duty Railroad

111 VII All consular records (many of them of great historic STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK value) should be sent to Washington and properly in¬ dexed and cared for. 26 Broadway New York NOTE.—One advantage of this will be to save an addi¬ tional room for the live activities of the consulate. Where such room is not so needed the saving will he in rent. VIII The percentages restricting the number of officers in the upper classes should be either increased or abolished, as the upper grades are already congested, leaving little or no room for promotion. IX The number of diplomatic officers and the number of consular officers in any class in the Foreign Service in and above Class VIII should be at the same ratio as the total number of diplomatic officers, and the total num¬ ber of consular officers in all classes from Class VIII to Class I, allowing for administrative purposes a dif¬ The Mark of Quality ference in each class of 5 percent of the total number of Foreign Service officers in that class. X The average number of years of service of the diplo¬ matic officers and the average number of years of service of consular officers in any class in and above Class VIII Socony should not vary more than 10 percent of the average number of years of service of all the Foreign Service officers in that class. Such provisions would, of course, cause a shifting from one class to the other in case one branch of the Service has advantage over the other, but they would work for Products the benefit of both diplomatic and consular officers and would prevent either branch of the Service from gaining material advantage over the other. They would cause promotions where promotions are merited and demotions Illuminating Oils are justified. XI Lubricating Oils and Greases W bile remedial legislation is being enacted a great temporary relief would be for a rent allowance to be Gasoline and Motor Spirits granted, based on salaries, say, that each officer be given 25 percent of his present salary for rent allowance. While it could be called rent allowance, it would actually Fuel Oil be for adjusting the officers’ incomes to the cost of living. Asphaltuins, Binders and LETTERS Road Oils (This column will be devoted each month to the publication, in whole or in part, of letters to the Editor from members of the Association on topics of general interest which are not of a Paraffine Wax and Candles tendentious nature. Such letters are to be regarded as express¬ ing merely the personal opinion of the writers and not neces¬ sarily the views of the JOURNAL or of the Association.) Lamps, Stoves and Heaters CONSTANTINOPLE, January 31, 1930. SIH : I have been following with not a little interest the Branch Offices in the Principal Cities of opinions of my colleagues as to what is wrong with the JOURNAL, and these opinions have made me bold to formu¬ Japan Philippine Islands Turkey late and express one of my own. China Straits Settlements Syria I therefore venture to suggest that what is obviously Indo-China Netherlands India Bulgaria wrong with the JOURNAL is that it carries far too few Siam South Africa Greece contributions from the author of the present missive. It is my intention to take up in the near future the India Australasia Jugoslavia correction of this deficiency in so far as lies within my power; that is, to the extent of submitting contributions. The matter of publication rests, of course, with you. 112 But in addressing myself to this problem, I find a in our quest for the very absolute in efficiency, let us turn difficulty confronting me; you will not publish material to old man Seniority. of a “tendentious nature,” and I do not know what “ten¬ And this let us do in the knowledge that ours is a dentious” means. I have consulted all the dictionaries at service sore beset with obstacles to the just appraisement this post, but I have been unable to discover the word of its servants. even on the “lower deck” which Webster's New Interna¬ For are we not so scattered to the ends of the earth tional has set aside for foreign and little used words. that scarce 1 per centum of our time do we come in per¬ Could you, without undue inconvenience, find space in sonal contact with supervising or inspecting officer, save an early number for the insertion of a definition of this we be of the staff rather than the officer in charge? Is term? The matter is, as you will doubtless agree, one it not that our measure of usefidness is taken by an of vital importance to a prospective contributor. infrequent supervising or inspecting officer, who “like I am, sir, snow upon the desert’s dusty face, lighting a little hour Your obedient servant, or two and is gone” ? CHARLES E. ALLEN. And I, your humble servant, who hesitate to rate my own office staff after daily contact year in and year out, (The Editors are at a loss to understand to what Mr. and who ever and anon, despite this daily association, Allen refers. They can only conclude that he does not find that I must change a rating entirely; verily it is not read his JOURNAL carefully, for an inspection of copies in me to concede even the remotest attribute of infal¬ as far back as October, 1929, fails to bring to light any libility to inspecting or supervising officer. such statement as “the JOURNAL will not publish material And so for all save the merest fraction of time, our of a tendentious nature.” It may also be that Mr. Allen records needs must be at second hand, by mail so to speak. does not have access to Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Truly the difficulties in the way of taking a true Dictionary, 1925 edition, in which appears a short, but measure of an officer are many, and the very inconclusive adequate definition of "tendentious,” namely “having a and flexible nature of some of the subjects by which he purposed aim.”) is measured, are such as to leave open a wide, wide margin for error, a margin so wide that the broadest allowance AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND, January 9, 1920. should be made therefor. And so if it were mine “to reshape to the heart’s desire, DEAR MR. EDITOR : this promotive scheme of things entire,” I would not Are promotions a “tendentious” subject? Are they “shatter it to bits,” but I would perhaps set aside, say, within the “barred zone” ? Or is it in order that there every seventh promotion (let us call it a sabbatical pro¬ be academic discussion thereof herein? motion) as a reward for paramount ability, if any there Advancement for efficiency let us have. Else we stag¬ be found at the time, and the others I would liestow in nate. Yet let this be only for merit so overshadowing strict order of seniority on the men marching as it were that its promotional reward compel applause. And failing with the main body of the service, of course ignoring the

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113 r_ fJrHE^MERICAN p OREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL

stragglers, for reward, but not for kindly and helpful advice. SETTING NEW STANDARDS Let us build up the morale of the main guard, for, after all, it is they and not the high lights who are the of Speed, Service and Dependability Service. Yours sincerely, WALTER F. BOYLE.

NEW YORK, February 1, 1930. SIR : I have recently received via Southampton, England, my copy of the JOURNAL for December and have read with particular interest the “Important Announcement” and the “Editorial of the Chairman, Executive Committee, American Foreign Service Association.” I entered the Consular Service in 1885 and after more than 30 years’ service, not continuous, was retired by reason of the age limit on December 10, 1929. Even when not in the Service I have been deeply interested in it and, as my wife accuses me of a disease which she calls “Consulitis,” the prospect is that this interest will continue. The editorial states that many men in the Service are profoundly discouraged about the future of the Service as a whole and about their own prospect for advance¬ S. S. Scottsburg of the American Pioneer Line at Hongkong, China ment in it; regrets the number of resignations which have taken place and holds out encouragement for the future. The “Important Announcement” gives color to this latter THE new American Merchant Marine statement, and I sincerely trust for the benefit of my late brings true American efficiency to colleagues the Congress will kindly oblige. overseas freight transportation. Daily During my career the only real improvements, in my the men and ships of this great fleet es¬ opinion, in the administration of the Consular Service were the Executive orders of Presidents Cleveland and tablish new records of speed, service and Roosevelt, which placed officers on a permanent basis, dependability in handling cargoes of all but did not benefit them otherwise, and the Rogers bill. kinds to and from every corner of the With regard to the Rogers bill, I firmly believe it was earth. more or less of a disappointment to its promotors, al¬ though it was the best they could secure at the time, and Made up of the hundreds of vessels in that it was hoped to remedy its defects by subsequent the 17 lines owned by the United States legislation. The Rogers bill has been in effect since July 1, 1924, and still retains its virginal purity, although the Shipping Board and those in the many December number of the JOURNAL also gives a synopsis others developed by the Shipping Board of a bill introduced by Senator Moses for the reorgani¬ but now under private ownership, this zation and improvement of the Foreign Service. This new Merchant Marine offers unrivalled bill, while an improvement in certain respects, does not, shipping facilities for both manufactured to my mind, go far enough. In the new bill not more than 13 persons can receive goods and raw materials. Speedy ships salaries of from $8,000 to $9,000 per annum; the number maintain regular schedules to practically of persons in the other classes being increased in pro¬ every port of importance in the world. portion. Is it much of an encouragement to a man to remain in the Service in the hope that some day he may The advice and counsel of the experi¬ be one of the lucky 13? Classes certainly, but unlimited enced American operators of the Shipping classes. Why should an officer who is entitled to promo¬ Board lines are at your command at all tion be compelled to wait until some one has died or resigned before he can receive that to which he is entitled ? times. These experts will be glad to help The glaring injustice of the Rogers bill is that part you solve any transportation problems. dealing with retirement allowances. An officer in the Write for full information. Navy, and so far as I know in the Army also, invariably receives a promotion the day before his retirement, and his pension is based on the higher pay his promotion UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD carries. The Rogers bill gives a man a percentage, ac¬ cording to length of service, of his average pay for the MERCHANT FLEET CORPORATION ten years preceding his retirement. Although Foreign Service Officers are compelled by law WASHINGTON, D. C. to pay 5 percent of their salaries into the pension fund, they forfeit the pension which they have earned, and to which they have contributed, if in any year they earn 114 more than the pension allowed. Why this distinction CONTENTS against Foreign Servive Officers which does not apply to other branches of the Government? FROM A NICARAGUAN GARDEN—By Mar¬ Take my own case, for example, and I am not raising this question for my own benefit as much as for the good garet W. Munro 77 of the Service as a whole. My pension amounts to BASIL MILES: AN APPRECIATION—By Wil¬ $2,325.38 per annum, and on this amount the Rogers bill liam Franklin Miles 79 expects me to support my wife and family, although it allows me, if I am able, to make an equal amount by my A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF—By John Carter.. 82 own efforts, but no more without forfeiting my [tension. PUGSLEY SCHOLARSHIPS 83 Thank God my pension only represents part of my in¬ come. Otherwise I would be compelled to “cut my gar¬ HOMES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 85 ment according to my cloth,” and probably have to deny PRIZES FOR CONTRIBUTIONS 86 myself the pleasure of spending the rest of my life in my native land. Incidentally I may mention that no part of ITEMS 87 my income, outside of my pension, represents savings BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND NECROLOGY 89 during the time I was a consular officer. On the con¬ trary, owing to the high cost of living in England, where FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 100 I was stationed since 1914, and my desire to uphold the PRESENTATION TO I. P. ROOSA 102 dignity of my office by living in a suitable manner, my UNIVERSITY CLUB EXTENSION OF PRIVI¬ Government service represents a financial loss. The present system makes no provision for the wives LEGES 102 or dependent children of consular officers who die natu¬ COMMERCIAL WORK FOR JANUARY 105 rally or lose their lives in their line of duty. There are DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHANGES 105 wives and dependents of Consuls who, because their de¬ ceased husbands and fathers were unable to provide for ON ITINERARY AT A DISTRICT OFFICE—By them, have been thrown upon the world to earn their own E. T. Anderson 106 living. While the Department has gone out of its way TRADE OPPORTUNITY SERVICE . . to provide employment for such dependents, the fact that —By A S these cases have and undoubtedly will again arise is Hillyer 107 hardly a recommendation to a man without private means SPORTS—By Robert B. Considine 109 to enter the Service as a career. Sincerely yours, SPEECH—By Honorable Anthony J. Griffin.. 110 JOHN M. SAVAGE. LETTERS 112

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