<3L AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE * * JOURNAL * * GOING ON LEAVE?

* To many in the Foreign Service that means a visit to New York—and the Hotel New Yorker because of its location—con¬ venient to everything you want to see and do here. A leave spent in New York can be a memorable one because this city offers so much in the way of divertisement. Foreign Service men have always made this hotel their headquarters for a number of reasons—excellent service, modest rates and attractively appointed rooms. Further, the New Yorker is the nearest large hotel to all the principal piers and is connected by private tunnel to Pennsyl¬ vania Station. Four popular priced restaurants. Ten minutes and a ten cent fare to the New York World’s Fair

25% reduction to diplomatic and consular service. Note: This special rate reduction applies to rooms on which the rate is $5.00 a day or more. 2,500 Rooms from $3.50 ROTEL NEW YORKER 34TH STREET AT EIGHTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Ralph Hitz, President Leo A. Molony, Manager CONTENTS (FEBRUARY, 1939) Cover Picture Rousseau statue and the Pantheon. Paris (See also page 75) Page Photograph of the Secretary of State 65

The Cruise of the U.S.S. Boise By Henry S. Villard 67

Congressional Bill to Extend Public Health Facilities to the Service 71

The Resignation of Harry A. McBride 73

Dr. Franklin Meets an English Progressive By Rollin R. Winslow 74

The District of Columbia’s Flag 75

Photograph of the Lincoln Memorial Statue 76

Letters 77

An Address by the Ambassador to Japan 78

The Creation of the Division of Controls 80 Friendly Hospitality thoughtful service . . . utmost VALVE Press Comment 81 make these ships outstandingly popular with Oliver Bishop Harriman Scholarship 81 seasoned travelers.

Editors’ Column 82 There are lots of things you’ll like about these ships, but whether you’re returning from a stay abroad or just “on News from the Department your way over” you’ll want to travel in perfect comfort and get the utmost enjoyment out of your voyage. That’s where By Reginald P. Mitchell 83 these ships can really toe the mark. They offer every luxury and modern convenience—hospitality that’s sincere—large News from the Field 86 comfortable staterooms—grand food—service by a staff ex¬ A Political Bookshelf pertly trained and really interested in seeing that you get what you want. These are a few of the many reasons why Cyril Wynne, Review Editor the Manhattan and Washington are chosen, not once, but Insanity Fair again and again by experienced travelers. Reviewed by Robert L. Buell 88 THE MANHATTAN AND WASHINGTON The Truth About the Peace Treaties are the largest and fastest passenger liners ever built in Reviewed by Robert B. Stewart 88 this country and as an American you’ll be proud of them. On board there’s everything you could ask for—tiled swim¬ Trade Agreements Map 90 ming pool—gymnasium—acres of deck space—deck sports —movies,—dancing every evening—and above all a congenial Trade Agreements Calendar 104 crowd. You can “be yourself” and have a grand time. F. S. Delegation of Princeton’s Class of 1930.. 106 WEEKLY SAILINGS TO ALL EUROPE Photographs of the Embassy at Tokyo 107 Every Wednesday at noon a United States Liner sails direct to Ireland, England, France and Germany. Also In Memoriam 112 “American One Class” liners direct to London and Liver¬ Births 115 pool. Rates are low, too.

Marriages 115 Ask your TRAVEL AGENT for complete details.

Department of Commerce Changes 115

Issued monthly by American Foreign Service Associa¬ United States Lines tion, Department of State, Washington, D. C. Entered as ONE BROADWAY, NEW YORK second-class matter August 20. 1934, at the Post Office, in Washington, D. C., under the act of March 3, 1879. Officet in Principal Citiet 61 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL For fast, accurate and reliable telegraph service to Central and South America and to the West Indies, send your messages —

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Sales and Service Everywhere Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV COVER Woodward & Lothrop 109 63 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

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K A R D Photo by L. C. Mitchell

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FOREIGN JOURNAL

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN SERVICE ASSOCIATION

VOL. 16, No. 2 WASHINGTON, D. C. FEBRUARY, 1939

The Cruise of tlie C-S.S- Boise

By HENRY S. VILLARD, Department of State

“You are directed, to proceed to Monrovia, Li¬ posts. A combination of circumstances made beria, and Capetown, Union of South Africa, for such a visit to Monrovia particularly appropriate: the purpose of consultation with the American ceremonies were to be held dedicating the site of Minister at Monrovia, and certain American offi¬ the new Legation building; the trustees of the cials at Capetown. In order to carry out the oral Phelps-Stokes Fund were desirous of presenting to instructions which have already been given you, it the Liberian Government a miniature flag made is also authorized that you visit such other places from the original bunting used in the first flag of as you deem necessary in Liberia and the Union of Liberia; the occasion coincided with the seventy- South Africa.” fifth anniversary of the initiation of treaty relation¬ ships between the United States and the Republic THE Department’s formal instruction did not of Liberia. President Roosevelt, recognizing the re¬ tell the whole story- -why Monrovia was cou¬ markable progress made by Liberia in the last few pled with Capetown on this assignment, or how the years, planned to contribute to the occasion by send¬ officer was to proceed first to Liberia and then to ing a gold fountain pen to President Edwin Barclay. South Africa. Behind it lay the decision of the The Navy signified its willingness to transport a Navy to send passenger to one of its new¬ N Africa, and the ly commis¬ officer han¬ sioned 10,000- dling Liberian ton cruisers, affairs was the Boise, on designated to a shakedown represent the cruise to Afri¬ Department of can waters, State on the and a realiza¬ voyage. On tion by the October 17, State Depart¬ 1938, under ment that this the command afforded an of Captain unusual op¬ Benjamin V. portunity for McCan d 1 ish, one of its offi¬ the Boise cers to visit, steamed out of within a brief the Naval Op¬ space of time, erating Base two distant Photo by H. S. Villard at Norfolk, Confluence of the Du and Farmington Rivers at Marshall, Liberia, and widely the port from which the Firestone Plantations Company ships its Va., and one of separated rubber. the longest 67 and most interesting shakedown cruises in the his¬ ered an impressive invocation, followed by an ad¬ tory of the Navy was under way. dress by Minister Walton and a benediction by the At eight o’clock on the morning of October 29, Reverend R. L. Embree, Educational Adviser to the the Boise was delivering a 21-gun salute to the Re¬ Liberian Government. While the Liberian Frontier public of Liberia, duly answered by Fort Non is Force band played the United Slates national an¬ at Monrovia. The State Department’s representa¬ them, Mrs. Walton raised the American flag over tive, saluted with seven guns from the ship, went the spot where construction is soon to start—a ashore with the ship’s Communications Officer, rocky breeze-swept site facing the Atlantic Ocean. Lieutenant 1). C. Beard, and called on Minister In his dedicatory address, Mr. Walton pointed Lester D. Walton at the American Legation. From out that the first treaty between Liberia and the that moment until the Boise United States (signed in 1862) weighed anchor six days later a was ratified and proclaimed in round of official calls and social 1863 — just seventyr-five years activities kept both visitors and ago. “By negotiating and con¬ Monrovia residents so busy that cluding in 1938 three separate sleep could be squeezed in only treaties,” declared Mr. Walton, incidentally. “the two democracies have at¬ To introduce Captain Mc- tested their faith in treaties as Candlish and the ship’s officers, an insulation against interna¬ the Minister and Mrs. Walton tional misunderstanding and held a large reception on the strife.” He added that the per¬ day of arrival, attended by manent legation building to be members of the Liberian Cabi¬ erected on this site was indica¬ net, Government officials, foreign tive of the United States Gov¬ diplomats and resident Ameri¬ ernment’s confidence in and re¬ cans. The guests were received gard for the stability of the at Ducor Hall, a building newly Liberian Government. The Min¬ leased as the Legation residence ister referred also to the warmth and chancellery pending the and sincerity of the welcome construction of permanent quarters. Since the staff given to the officers and crew of the Boise—the had moved in only two days before, the success of first American naval vessel to visit Monrovia in this social event was a tribute to the energy and ten years—sentiments which met with the fullest good management of Mr. and Mrs. Walton. approval among Liberian officials and resident Dedication of the Legation site at Mamba Point Americans. took place next day in a ceremony attended by the An American Citizens’ Committee, organized for Vice President the purpose of of Liberia, the entertaining r~ Cabinet and the visitors, Diplomatic held open Corps, the house at the Captain, offi¬ Firestone cers and a de¬ Plantations tach m e n't o f h e a d q u a rters men from the on Mamba Boise, and ap¬ Point. This proximately Committee was 300 members indefatigable of the local in its efforts community to provide re¬ and foreign laxation and residents. The amusement for Right Rever¬ the personnel end Leopold of the Boise.

Photo by H. S. Villard Kroll. EpisCO- It seized every photo by H. S. vniara Luin-heon party on U.S.S. Raise at Pa^ bishop ol opportunity to Dedication of American Legation Monrovia. Liberia, deliv¬ show its fel- site at Mamba Point. 68 Photo by Louis Kraft The Boise entering the harbor at Capetown, with Table Mountain in the background. lov\r countrymen hospitality while the ship was in passed through the receiving line on this occa¬ port, a further sample being the large informal sion and took part in the supper which followed. reception next day at the home of the Auditor of Great interest was aroused in the miniature em¬ Liberia. Mr. and Mrs. Walton, not to be outdone, blem of Liberia, which had been encased in a gave a dinner at Ducor Hall which again demon¬ specially prepared insect and climate proof frame. strated their ability to establish a smoothly-func¬ A replica of the gift was sent by the Phelps- tioning household on short notice. Stokes Fund on the Boise for permanent in¬ On October 31 President Barclay tendered an stallation in the American Legation at Monrovia. official luncheon at the Executive Mansion to Cap¬ During the visit of the Boise, native dances were tain McCandlish, who was accompanied by Com¬ performed at the Monrovia Fair Grounds and a mander Roy Pfaff and Lieutenant Beard. At the smoker was held by the Liberian Government for conclusion of the luncheon, Minister Walton pre¬ the ship’s chief petty officers. The latter were sented the gold fountain pen sent by President taken on a long bus trip into the country by Cap¬ Roosevelt, a gesture reciprocated by President tain Nabors, United States Army Reserve Officer, Barclay in the form of a complete collection of who is Military Adviser to the Liberian Govern¬ Liberian postage stamps which he requested be ment, while an opportunity was provided for most carried back to the President of the United States of the officers to inspect the Firestone rubber by the visiting officer from the State Department. plantations, forty miles inland. This American President and Mrs. Barclay held a reception enterprise in the heart of primitive bush country,, that evening for the State Department’s repre¬ under the general managership of Mr. George H. sentative, who presented to the Government of Seybold, was naturally of great interest to the Liberia on behalf of the Phelps-Stokes Fund the visitors. Before the Boise sailed a luncheon was historic flag donated by that organization. More given on board for the Liberian Secretary of than two hundred prominent citizens of Liberia State and Mrs. Simpson, the Chief Justice of 69 Photo by P. M. Scarbrough A “pollywog” crew rows strenuously to an unknown fate. Liberia and Mrs. Grimes, a minimum, but those who ihe American Minister and came under the ministra¬ Mrs. Walton and represent¬ tions of the Royal Under¬ ative Americans. A recep¬ taker and the Royal Barber tion was also held on the in the course of the pro¬ Photo by P. M. Scarl)| Photo by P. M. Scarbrough ship, the guests numbering ceedings felt that they had The Department’s representa¬ King Neptune and his court fore than five hundred, at generously earned their cer¬ tive acts as Royal Escort lor come aboard at the Equator. which a very popular tificates from Neptunus Rex. the Queen and Princess. drink proved to be ice cream soda from the ship’s Entering Table Bay at Capetown early on the soda fountain. morning of November 14, the Boise met with the When the last boat from the Boise had nego¬ warm welcome of a people who had not seen an tiated the surf over Monrovia’s shifting sandbar, American naval vessel in fifteen years. During under the skillful direction of its Kru pilot, all the eleven days in which the vessel remained at hands felt that the visit to Liberia had been a the wharf, officers and enlisted men were sub¬ unique experience and that the long-standing ties jected to a barrage of friendly attentions, local between the two countries had become firmer than residents vying with one another for the privi¬ ever. lege of entertaining the visitors. Official lunches, On the passage down the West Coast of Africa, receptions and dinners offered by South Africans, the Boise crossed the equator at a point touched by as well as by British naval officers, made the time few ships—latitude 0 0' 0”, longitude 0 0 0". pass only loo quickly and scarcely left an op¬ This unfrequented corner of the world, the place portunity to ascend the celebrated Table Mountain where both East and West begin, called for spe¬ or to make excursions into the picturesque sur¬ cial homage at the traditional Court of King Nep¬ rounding countryside. tune. Out of a ship’s complement of 50 officers Outstanding among the many parties arranged in and 800 men, no fewer than 657 were found to be honor of the Boise was a large reception held by lowly “pollywogs,” who were summoned to judg¬ the American Minister and Mrs. Keena; a similar ment. The trial and chastisement of these unfor¬ function tendered by Colonel Armstrong, the Offi¬ tunates, resulting in their metamorphosis into cer Commanding, Cape Command, and Mrs. Arm¬ hardened “shellbacks,” took place with thorough¬ strong; a dinner arranged by the Capetown mili¬ going naval efficiency and occupied a full evening tary authorities at Wynberg; and a luncheon and and the better part of a day. Casualties were at reception given at Ad¬ miralty House, at the British naval base at Simonstown. A large smoker was given for the crew at the new Drill Hall, presided over by the MayorofCape- town, who also gave a recep- Photo by P. M. Scarbrough Photo by H. S. Villard {Continued on An embryo “shellback” lakes a After a shave comes the bath. page 120) slide. Congressional Bill to Extend Public Health Facilities to the Service

The following teller was sent by the Secretary ness of officers for service abroad can be ascer¬ of State to President Roosevelt on January 12, tained as well as the appropriateness of posts to 1939: which they may be destined. Officers and employees in the Foreign Service The President: carry on their duties in varying climates and often I have the honor to submit the following report at posts where appropriate sanitary facilities are and recommendations which 1 trust may receive lacking and where adequate medical, surgical and your approval and active support. The recom¬ dental treatments are not alwrays available. Con¬ mendations have to do with the enactment of legis¬ sequently officers and American employees sta¬ lation extending facilities of the Public Health tioned at such posts, while on their infrequent vis¬ Service to active officers and certain Amercan em¬ its to the United States, are often in need of opera¬ ployees of the Foreign Service of the United States. tions or medical and dental treatments which have I hope you will transmit this to Congress with a had to be deferred, sometimes to the permanent request for its enactment. detriment of their health. A matter of particular There are strong reasons from the standpoint of concern to me is the problem of health as it the interests of the Government for recommending affects particularly the lower salaried officers and the enactment of this bill, which even transcend employees who serve at posts where climatic and the needs of the members of the Foreign Service sanitary conditions are hazardous to persons who as hereinafter explained. The training and expe¬ have been accustomed to a different climatic en¬ rience of every successful member of the Foreign vironment and where medical facilities are limited. Service represents a considerable investment to the It frequently happens that officers or American Government from which it can only benefit if the employees, because of unaccustomed conditions at health of these officers is safeguarded so as to as¬ the posts in which they have been serving, become sure their ability to serve the Government effi¬ either seriously run down or in some cases have ciently throughout their active years, in places contracted tropical or other diseases which require where they will be subjected to widely varying long periods of treatment. Under present appro¬ hazards of climate and sanitation. It is justifiable priations, it is impossible to pay the transportation to predict that the enactment of this legislation costs of a majority of such officers and families to would result in the retention of the services of a the United States on leave. Therefore such officers materially increased proportion of Foreign Serv¬ are faced with the necessity of defraying transpor¬ ice officers at the height of their usefulness until a tation costs of themselves and families to the normal retirement age, whereas without this legis¬ United States out of their own pockets. Officers, lation a larger number of such officers than is particularly those in the lower salary grades, ar¬ necessary resign to take up less arduous work at riving in the United States often find themselves home or retire on account of premature disability. without sufficient funds to obtain the required med¬ From a strictly economic standpoint, it is there¬ ical or surgical treatment. Under such circum¬ fore in the interest of the Government that For¬ stances these officers may be unable to consult doc¬ eign Service officers shall not be obliged to retire tors equipped to treat their particular ailments and on annuities in circumstances where the timely are compelled to forego the necessary medical availability of suitable medical and surgical facili¬ treatment altogether. This is a condition which I ties would avoid this result. am sure you wall agree should be corrected. The It is expected that with the enactment of this practicability of utilizing facilities of the Public legislation arrangements can be effected whereby Health Service has been ascertained since this periodic medical examinations of officers of the would meet the situation in a logical and econom¬ Foreign Service can be regularly made by medical ical way. officers of the Public Health Service, and the fit¬ Furthermore, 1 may say there have been several 71 cases in which heavy expendtiures have been in¬ President Roosevelt commended to the javorahle curred for private medical attention wiLhout satis¬ consideration of the Congress this report from the factory results, simply because local practitioners, Secretary of Stale and the following draft of pro¬ notwithstanding they were very able men in their posed legislation: profession, have not had the knowledge and expe¬ rience successfully to cope with peculiar and un¬ A BILL usual diseases acquired abroad. On the other hand, the medical officers in the Public Health Service have had comprehensive experience here To extend the facilities of the Public Health and abroad and are equipped correctly to diagnose Service to active officers of the Foreign Service of and treat many diseases prevalent abroad, but the LTnited States. seldom occurring in the United States. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep¬ La ws already in effect extend the privilege of resentatives of the United States of America in the facilities of the Public Health Service to the Congress assembled, That, under such regulations personnel of certain governmental agencies and in as may be prescribed by the President, upon rec¬ some cases to the dependent families. The Act of ommendation of the Secretary of the Treasury, any July 30, 1937, section 2, extends privileges some¬ officer of the Foreign Service of the United States what similar to those contemplated by the enclosed who has incurred illness or injury or who has be¬ recommendations to the personnel of the Coast come physically disabled, as a result of service on Guard and the provisions of that Act were care¬ foreign assignment, and not by reason of vicious fully considered in drafting these proposals. habits, intemperance, or misconduct on his part, In view of the compulsory physical examinations the cause of such illness or injury to be deter¬ contemplated by the proposed legislation, it is mined by a duly qualified medical officer of the recommended that the hospitalization of officers on Public Health Service, which determination shall account of service-connected disabilities and not be final when approved by the Surgeon General, the result of their own misconduct, should be at shall upon the request of the Secretary of State, be the expense of the Government. The Public Health entitled to medical and surgical treatment, and Service has estimated tentatively that an increase hospitalization by the Public Health Service at of about $17,000 per annum in its appropriation any of its regularly established relief stations and for such purposes would adequately provide for hospitals. the hospitalization in question as well as other in¬ cidental expenses. I am convinced that the bene¬ Section 2. In order to ascertain at any time the fits to the Government would far exceed in value physical fitness of a Foreign Service officer for this estimated cost. duty in a foreign station, the Public Health Service The draft of legislation which accompanies this shall, upon the request of the Secretary of Stale, report has the approval of the Director of the Bu¬ subject such Foreign Servcie officer to a physical reau of the Budget and includes amendments in examination at any of its established relief stations the text of the bill which were recommended by or hospitals. him. The original text provided hospitalization as Section 3. Any officer or American employee of authorized in Section 1 of the accompanying bill the Foreign Service of the United States suffering for American employees as well as officers, but from illness or disability not the result of foreign this provision was eliminated at the suggestion of service and not the result of vicious habits, intem¬ the Bureau of the Budget on the basis of repre¬ perance or misconduct, the cause of such illness sentations by the United States Employees’ Com¬ for the purpose hereof to be determined by the pensation Commission that it was already author¬ Public Health Service, may be furnished medical ized by law to provide the hospitalization contem¬ and dental treatment and hospitalization by the plated for American employees of the Foreign Public Health Service at any of its regularly estab¬ Service in cases of service- connected illnesses and lished relief stations and hospitals at a cost to the disabilities. officer or employee concerned in accordance with In substance I feel that this is a constructive rates established by Regulations of the Surgeon legislative proposal and that its results to the For¬ General and applicable to pay patients from other eign Service will be very beneficial indeed. I rec¬ branches of the Government service under similar ommend it to you for favorable consideration at circumstances. Collections by the Public Health your earliest convenience. Service on this account shall be credited to the Respectfully submitted, applicable appropriation for the operation of ma¬ CORDELL HULL. rine hospitals and relief stations. 72 The Resignation of Harry A. McBride

AT the press conference Friday afternoon, De- York City, and largely as a result of his efforts, L. cember 30, 1938, Acting Secretary of State which continued through August, 1922, the maga¬ Welles announced with a great deal of regret that zine began its successful publication in Washing¬ Mr. II airy A. McBride was leaving the Department ton. His interest remained undiminished through to become Administrator of the National Gallery the succeeding years, and when he again assumed of Art, under an appointment made at a meeting the position of Business Manager in November, last August of the Board of Trustees, of which 1933, the old Bulletin had meanwhile become the Secretary Hull was a member. The Acting Secre¬ AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL. tary added that Mr. McBride had entered the The JOURNAL considers itself exceptionally for¬ American Foreign Service in 1908 and had held tunate that Harry McBride consented to serve in various posts in the field and in the Department, this position during the last few years, which were and had served as Assistant to the Secretary of critical ones in the JOURNAL’S existence. Under his State since 1932. The Acting Secretary said his able guidance the JOURNAL underwent a complete regret was caused by the fact that Mr. McBride, as change in format; modern technique in make-up all the correspondents knew, had been a tower of was introduced and the entire scope of the publi¬ strength in the Department during the years of his cation widened. Through his energy and tact, service, and in the work of reorganization in the many new advertisers were persuaded that it wras Department which had been undertaken during the to their advantage to be represented in the past two years the advice and assistance of Mr. JOURNAL’S pages, while new subscribers were at¬ McBride had been particularly valuable. He con¬ tracted by the changed form and content of cluded by stating that he was glad, as all in the the magazine. Of particularly vital impor¬ Department were, that Mr. McBride was remaining tance, the publication was placed on a sound in Washington. financial footing, so that today, in addition to Mr. McBride will soon leave the Foreign Service a balanced budget, it has a substantial reserve to assume his new duties. in case of emergencies. The Editors of the H a rry JOUR NAL McBride’s feel that the active inter¬ present est in a pe- prosper¬ r i o d i c a I ity of their represent¬ p u b 1 ica¬ ing the For¬ tion, as well eign Service as its clean- dates back cut and up- to January, to-date ap¬ 1922, when pearance, he became are due di¬ Business rectly to the Manager of devoted ef- the J OUR- forts of NAL’S pred¬ Harry Mc¬ ecessor, the Bride. They Am erican join in ex¬ Consular tending to Bullet i 11. h i m their The Bulle- hearty tin up to thanks and that time wish him had been G odspeed published and good in New Harrv A. McBride luck. 73 Dr. Franklin Meets an English Progressive

By ROLLIN R. WINSLOW, American Consul, Rio de Janeiro

TAD you been on the some day they may appear in print for posterity H quay at Margate, to read and enjoy. They show the author to have England, on the afternoon been intimately acquainted with some of the lead¬ of August 16, 1783, you ing men of his day such as Wilberforce (whom he might have witnessed the supported in the election of 1784). Romily and a departure for France of a host of others. His opinions of French art and distinguished young man drama, based on a fine classical learning, are twenty-five years of age. treasures; and his eyewitness account of a balloon The young man, John ascension sponsored by Dr. Franklin, the story Baynes, was a person of of his visit to Louis XVI, his account of conversa¬ considerable learning, for tions relative to the Geneva Republic—all written R. R. Winslow when barely nineteen years in lucid style with a superb eye for interesting of age he had received his details—make this find (for such it is) the sort B.A. from Trinity College, Cambridge, and the that historians may dream about but probably sel¬ following year was elected a Fellow. dom experience. On the day in question Baynes was proceeding to The following quotation from the diary, which re¬ Paris for the dual purpose of perfecting his knowl¬ counts but one of many conversations with Benjamin edge of the French language and meeting a man Franklin, may serve to indicate its value from an whom he passionately admired, namely, Benjamin historical standpoint: Franklin, to whom he “Tuesday—Septr. 23d. carried a letter of in¬ “Walked to Passy to troduction. During the “see Dr. F.—but took voyage and throughout “care to make his ser- his stay in Paris young “vant announce me Baynes kept a diary “regularly — found of his experiences and “him with some Amer¬ he wrote long and in¬ ican gentlemen and teresting letters to his “ladies who were con¬ father and mother, in versing upon Ameri- all of which he de¬ “c a n Commerce, in scribed at some length “which the Ladies his interviews with Dr. “joined. On their Franklin. Following “departure I was much Baynes’ unti m e 1 y “pleased to see the death in 1787, the “old man attend them diary and letters “downstairs & hand passed from one Eng¬ “the ladies to their lish attic to another “carriage. On his re¬ until they recently turn I expressed my found their way to the “pleasure in hearing home of a collateral “the Americans and descendant in P1 y- “even the ladies, con¬ mouth, who casually verse entirely upon mentioned the fact to “commerce. He said me at a social gather¬ “that it was so ing. “throughout the coun- I have read the let¬ “try—not an idle man ters and the diary with “and consequently not intense interest and Renjamin Franklin from the famous Du Plessis “a poor man was venture the hope that portrait, Metropolitan Museum (Continued on page 108) 74 The District af Calumbia9s Flag

CCORDING to the Wash¬ design. ... It remained, however, for Commis¬ ington Star for October sioner Hazen ... to discover the most direct, and 16, 1938, the District of probably the earliest, association of the Washington Columbia is finally to shield design and the District of Columbia. This have a flag of its own, shield appears on one of the early plans of the after approximately a District of Columbia on file in the office of the century and a half with¬ Commissioners. out benefit of such dis¬ “This particular plan is entitled ‘Plan of the City tinction. The flag is a of Washington in the Territory of Columbia’ and simplification of some of was engraved by Thackara and Vallance at Phila¬ the elements found in the shield portion of the delphia in 1792. An interesting feature of the coat-of-arms of the antecedents of George Wash¬ Washington shield engraved on this plan is that ington. It consists of five the Washington family crest, horizontal stripes, alternately featuring a raven and a ducal white and red, with three large coronet, is not used, but an red stars in the top white open book, hearing the words stripe. The District Flag Com¬ ‘Rights of Man,’ was substi¬ mission, created by an Act of tuted therefor . . . Congress, has announced that “It is significant, however, the new emblem which it has that reference to the ‘Rights designed was first unfurled on of Man’ frequently occurred in October 23 at the Inter-Ameri¬ the earliest recorded debates can Horse Show. The Com¬ of Congress concerning the mission consisted of the Secre¬ Y l RGTXtA and MAIIVLA X I) political destinies of the citi¬ tary of War, Mr. Woodring; h(;C' zens of the District of Colum¬ (il mtfti States or Hiitfiua, the Secretary of the Navy, Mr. bia, and such references have our li/ i/inu rj/til/i.ilrri.• n.< l/tr ' Swanson; and the President of continued up to the present the Board of Commissioners of SKAT ,./■ thrir GOI'EUXMEST, time. Considering the histor¬ Of'., the District of Columbia, Mr. ical background and associa¬ Melvin C. Hazen. M 1) C ( C. tion, the proposed design for In explaining the selection the flag of the District of Co¬ of the design, the Star quotes lumbia is believed to be par¬ Mr. A. E. Du Bois, who is in ticularly appropriate.” charge of the heraldic section (The material jor this article George Washington’s shield en¬ was given by W. E. Moessner, of the War Department, in part graved on an early map of the as follows: “The direct asso¬ District of Columbia. Vice Consul, Curacao.) ciation of George Wash¬ ington with the estab¬ COVER PICTURE lishment of the District of Columbia and of the Jean-Jacques Rousseau Capital City which hears is outlined against the his name is ample majestic dome of the basis for using heraldic Pantheon in Paris. symbolism in the flag After the French Rev¬ of the District, which olution it became a illustrates this histor¬ church, but in 1885 it ical connection. It was was consecrated as a natural therefore for last resting place for numerous artists who those who should never have been given con¬ be forgotten. sideration to the de¬ This picture was con¬ sign of a flag for the tributed by Madame District of Columbia to G a s t o li Antignac of use the Washington F ranco - Anglo -American field as a basis for such The New Flag Pi •ess Relations, Paris. 75

WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL WITH FIRMNESS IN THE RIGHT AS GOD GIVES US TO SEE THE RIGHT LET US STRIVE ON TO FINISH THE WORK WE ARE IN TO BIND UP THE NATION’S WOUNDS TO CARE FOR HIM WHO SHALL HAVE BORNE THE BATTLE AND FOR HIS WIDOW AND HIS ORPHAN—TO DO ALL WHICH MAY ACHIEVE AND CHERISH A JUST AND LASTING PEACE AMONG OURSELVES AND WITH ALL NATIONS.—From the Second Inaugural Address.

LETTERS

(This section of the JOURNAL will be devoted each month to the publication, in whole or in part, of letters to the JOURNAL from members of the Foreign Service on topics of general interest. Such let¬ ters are to be regarded as expressing only the personal opinion of the writers and not necessarily the. views of the JOURNAL or of the Foreign Service Association.)

FROM A LETTER TO PAUL ALLING for hours with them, and learn much of what lies behind the real work we all at least try to do for I have noticed in a recent number of the JOUR¬ our country. NAL that you are the Chairman of a committee GEORGE ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, looking into the question of school problems of Colombo, Ceylon. Foreign Service Officers. This is an excellent idea and if there is ever any way in which I can help, please let me know. MONTHLY MIMEOGRAPHED SHEET SUG¬ When you are far away from your children, GESTED AS ORGAN FOR AMERICAN there is nothing that helps more than a letter from FOREIGN SERVICE CLERKS some friendly person, even a stranger, who has taken the trouble to visit the children and will It is felt that the American Foreign Service write about them. In studying problems at a dis¬ Clerks abroad should have some official or un¬ tance, often a letter from an outsider will uncon¬ official inexpensive organ of expression, printed in sciously reveal light on a problem affecting the Washington, for the good of the Service and our¬ children that you are turning over in your mind. selves. It has occurred to me that there might be pub¬ A concise, factual monthly mimeographed sheet lished at the back of every copy of the JOURNAL is suggested, edited voluntarily perhaps by some a list of the children of Foreign Service Officers former American Foreign Clerk now working in at school in the United States and elsewhere, when¬ the State Department, to whom contributors in ever they are separated from their parents, with Washington and from abroad could send items. a statement at the top urging Foreign Service Inasmuch as the American Foreign Service Officers and their wives if they are in the neighbor¬ Clerks are not listed in the Register of the Depart¬ hood of the schools where the children are study¬ ment of State, no matter how many years they ing to call on them, see the child and then write serve abroad (although laborers in the State De¬ a brief note to the Foreign Service parent. partment at Washington rate listing), it is thought If this could be carried out as a custom, a new that one page of such mimeographed monthly sheet link in the intangible chain that holds the Service could be devoted to vital statistics, births, mar¬ together might be forged. Not only parents, but riages, deaths,—to items of transfers, appointments, bachelors should make such visits. I happen to and separations from the Service. know that the obligation would develop into a Another page could be devoted to helpful sug¬ pleasure. If there is any shyness in choosing a gestions regarding the handling of items of cler¬ subject for discussion during such a call, there is ical detail, originating both from the official always the Service. 1 happen to know that the sources in the State Department and suggestions views of Foreign Service children on their parents’ sent in from abroad. Foreign Service Clerks’ time careers are far from dull, in fact, you can talk (Continued on page 116) 77 Aii Address by the Ambassador to Japan

Mr. Grew’s Address, as reported by Japan News-Week for November 26, 1938, was sent to THE JOURNAL by Joseph F. McGurk, First Secretary at Tokyo.

THE American-Japan Society met at one of the recovery. Such a message will I fear be all to in¬ few formal functions of the season on Tuesday, adequate to express our appreciation and realization November 22, 1938, as a special tribute and fare¬ of what Prince Tokugawa’s constant and active in¬ well to Mr. Kensuke Horinouchi, who has just re¬ terest means to this Society. cently been appointed Japanese Ambassador to the “Not long ago 1 heard of a young American who United States and who is leaving soon for his new wanted to enter the Department of State in Wash¬ post. ington. He was told, however, that there existed no The American community was well represented vacancies and il was suggested to him instead that and many Japanese interested in Japan-America he take the examination for the Foreign Service affairs were present, a total of 139 sitting down to which offered excellent opportunities for an inter¬ dinner in the banquet hall of the Imperial Hotel in esting and useful career, and with the possibility of Tokyo, this last being one of America’s contribu¬ eventually becoming an ambassador. ‘I wouldn’t tions to the architecture of Tokyo. consider it,’ he said: ‘I have a higher opinion of Ambassador Grew spoke as follows at the my own mental equipment than to want to be a dinner: mere messenger boy taking orders by telephone “Once again the America-Japan Society meets from home, and besides, I don’t like ambassadorial without our deeply respected President, Prince Iye- pompousness.” I fear that that young man must sato Tokugawa, and once again, I feel sure that 1 have been reading history, because there is a wrell shall be interpreting the feelings of all of us here authenticated incident in the past when two ambas¬ tonight in sending him a word of our sincere regret sadors met for conference somewhere in Europe. at his absence and our warmest wishes for his early The first ambassador arrived at the scene in a

Ambassador Grew, with Ambassador and Mrs. Horinouchi, and Mrs. Grew. 78 coach drawn by four horses, but when the other opinion. Written documents may reflect public ambassador came in a coach with six horses, the opinion but they can never fully and accurately first one felt that his dignity had been hurt, so he interpret it or convey the real spirit which prompts had to go away and return with eight horses. the formulation of those documents. “This competition might have continued indefi¬ “Here, then, lies the supreme purpose and duty nitely had not their go-betweens finally arranged of an ambassador. He must be. first and foremost, that each ambassador should arrive in the same size an interpreter, and this function of interpreting acts coach and with the same number of horses, so up both ways. First of all he tries to understand the to that point all was well. But then came the ques¬ country where he serves—its conditions, its men¬ tion as to which ambassador was going to receive tality, its actions and its underlying motives, and to the other. One said that as his Chief was the great¬ explain these things clearly to his own Government. er. he would stand in the conference hall and that And then, contrarywise, he seeks means of making the other should come to him. But the second known to the Government and the people of the one said: ‘Not at all—it is quite the other way country to which he is accredited the purposes and around; the other must come to me because my hopes and desires of his native land. He is an agent Chief is much the more powerful.’ The parleys over of mutual adjustment between the ideas and forces this point are said to have lasted for several weeks, upon which nations act. International friction, in¬ hut it was finally arranged that neither ambassador deed, is often based not so much on radical dis¬ should receive the other; they were to enter the con¬ agreement as on nebulous misunderstanding and ference hall by opposite doors at precisely the same doubt. How little of all this can be done by the moment and take one step at a time in perfect uni¬ written word without oral discussion is patent to son (history does not record whether it was a goose- anyone in our profession. I remember saying at step) until they met in the center, and both were the welcoming dinner which this Society was good then to begin to talk at once so that neither should enough to tender to my wife and myself on our have any advantage. You can see what a difficult arrival in Japan six and a half years ago, that job it must have been in those days for ambassadors sometimes our language, indeed all spoken and to support the dignity of their countries and still to written languages seem thin and superficial. We have a satisfactory chat. have to depend in such cases on a sort of X-ray “Well, this sort of undignified competition in language which vibrates underneath the surface and pompousness went on in varying degree until the is often more effective than anything we can write Conference in Vienna in 1815 finally settled this or say. That comes, and comes only, from per¬ whole difficult problem of representation by definite sonal contacts. rules accepted by all the nations, on the theory that “Thus, in effect, an ambassador’s potentialities all states are equal and that their respective am¬ for creating harm and danger through misinterpre¬ bassadors take precedence according to the date of tation, are tremendous; his opportunities for con¬ arrival at their posts and of the presentation of structive good are absolutely incalculable. their credentials. How perfectly simple! f won¬ “Please forgive me for talking so much about der if a good many Gordian Knots in international ambassadors. Frankly, 1 have hut one Ambassa¬ affairs could not be solved with equal simplicity dor in mind tonight, Mr. Horinouchi. I have wished today. And whether pompousness is still a usual to bring out the great importance in international attribute of the diplomatic profession today, like relationships of the character and personality of the long hair of the musician and the short hair of the agents sent abroad to represent their respective the soldier, we must leave to others outside of the Governments and people today, and may I say with profession to gauge. all sincerity that in no other profession does the “But what 1 am leading up to is this. If the character and personality of the agent’s wife count young man aforementioned was right in his con¬ for so much. I have always regarded Mrs. Grew ception of the role of ambassadors as messenger as the more effective member of our particular team. boys, why do ambassadors exist at all? Why do That remark, you will admit, places Mr. Horinouchi not the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the various precisely and firmly on what in American parlance nations conduct their business by telegrams and is sometimes referred to as ‘the spot,’ and a sense notes directly with each other? Here, I think, lies of delicacy prompts me to leave the elaboration of the kernel of diplomacy. It seems to me that a that particular point to him. very minor part of diplomacy is or can be con¬ “We have come here tonight to bid goodbye to ducted by the written word. What really counts is Mr. and Mrs. Horinouchi who leave next week for the interpretation of the written word and of the Washington, where Mr. Horinouchi is to be the spirit that lies behind it. And above all this, in Japanese Ambassador to the United States and Mrs. our present world, is the tremendous force of public (Continued, on page 110) 79 The Creation of the Division of Controls

ON January 3, 1939, the Office of Arms and supervise the carrying out of these policies; to col¬ Munitions Control of the Department of State laborate in the initiation of the policy action of was abolished and there was established to succeed the Department; and to act as adviser to the Sec¬ it the Division of Controls. The Division of Con¬ retary of State in respect to other problems of trols continues to operate with the per¬ American neutrality and in the super¬ sonnel, eight officers and ten clerks, vision of the carrying out of these poli¬ formerly assigned or detailed to the cies. Office of Arms and Munitions Control, 2. To initiate the policy action of and to perform the duties previously- the Department and to act as adviser performed by that Office. The reason to the Secretary of State in respect to for the creation of the new division treaties and international agreements was that the duties originally assigned dealing with the international traffic to the Office of Arms and Munitions in arms, ammunition, and implements Control described in the Departmental of war; to prepare drafts of such trea¬ Orders of September 19, 1935, and ties and international agreements; and February 21, 1936, had been greatly to supervise the fulfillment of the in¬ expanded since the latter date, and ternational obligations of the United had come to include a number of func¬ States under such treaties and inter¬ tions, such as those having to do with national agreements. the registration of agents of foreign principals 3. To perform all necessary duties in connec¬ under the Act of June 8, 1938, which were tion with the administration of the statutes pro¬ totally unrelated to the control of arms. It was viding for the preservation of American neutrality, decided, therefore, to change the name of the divi¬ for the control of the international traffic in arms, sion to one which applied correctly to all of its ammunition, and implements of war and other mu¬ duties and at the same time to issue a new depart¬ nitions of war, and for other controls established mental order listing accurately and in full each of to prevent the involvement of the United States in those duties, including those which had been as¬ war or to contribute to the national defense of the signed to the Office during the three years since United States, in so far as the administration of the issuance of the last departmental order. The these statutes is vested in the Secretary of State, name chosen for the new division was necessarily and to act for and on behalf of the Secretary of broad and rather vague, since one which would State in the issuance, revocation, and amendment have precisely described the wide and diversified of registrations, certificates, allotments, and licenses functions of the division would have been too provided for by such statutes or by regulations long for convenient use. issued thereunder. Departmental Order No. 778-A creating the new 4. To assist, or act for and on behalf of, the division reads as follows: Secretary of State in the performance of his duties DEPARTMENTAL ORDER NO 778-A as Chairman and Executive Officer of the National Munitions Control Board. There is hereby created in the Department of 5. To maintain liaison with other Departments State a Division of Controls. and agencies of the Government in respect to mat¬ The duties of this Division shall be as follows: ters within the scope of the duties of the Division. 1. To initiate6. To the furnish policy information action of theto theDepart¬ Department of ment and to act as adviser to the Secretary of State Justice and to assist that Department as may be re¬ in respect to problems arising from the interna¬ quired in the prosecution of violations of the trea¬ tional traffic in arms, ammunition, and implements ties and statutes relating to the preservation of of war and other munitions of war, and in respect American neutrality, to the control of the inter¬ to other controls established to prevent the involve¬ national traffic in arms, ammunition, and imple- ment of the United States in war or to contribute to the national defense of the United States; to (Continued on page 108) 80 PRESS COMMENT OLIVER BISHOP HARRIMAN FOREIGN SERVICE SCHOLARSHIP FOREIGN POLICY DATA The Advisory Committee of the Oliver Bishop In an address before the annual meeting of the Harriman Foreign Service Scholarship invites Political Science Association last week Cyril children of present or former Foreign Service Wynne, Chief of the Division of Research and Pub¬ Officers interested in applying for the scholarship lication of the Department to submit their applications in such time as to of State, called attention to be in the hands of the Committee not later than a little-known but invaluable June 1, 1939. Applications should be in dupli¬ activity carried on by that cate and addressed to the Honorable Sumner branch of the Government. Welles, Chairman, Advisory Committee, Oliver The successful conduct of Bishop Harriman Foreign Service Scholarship. foreign policy in a democ¬ Department of State, Washington, D. C. racy must rest on popular Each application must include information cov¬ understanding of the back¬ ering the following particulars: ground, motivation and ulti¬ mate aims of that policy. Age and sex of applicant; a full statement con¬ Toward this essenlial task of cerning the education and courses of study pur¬ public enlightenment the sued by the applicant up to the present time, in¬ cluding scholastic ratings; the courses of study Department of State has for Cyril Wynne the past ten years success¬ and profession which the applicant desires to fol¬ fully addressed itself. There is probably not a low; whether or not the applicant contemplates foreign office in the world whose publications are the Foreign Service as a career; the need of the as nearly contemporaneous with events, or as com¬ applicant for financial assistance (this should in¬ plete, as those of our Department of State. clude a statement whether the applicant will be able or not to complete or continue his education The range of publications which the department without the aid of this scholarship) ; the institu¬ now issues is remarkable. Best known, perhaps, tion at which the applicant proposes to make use are the weekly press releases dealing with current of the scholarship if granted; and evidence that developments which, in their present pamphlet for¬ the school experience of the applicant covers the mat, are receiving increasingly wide acceptance. work required for admission to the institution But since present policy is an outgrowth of past selected. A small photograph of the applicant policies, the work done by the department in famil¬ must also be included. The application may in¬ iarizing the public with the Nation’s diplomatic clude any further information which the applicant history is equally valuable. deems pertinent and which, in his or her opinion, The foreign relations series, for instance, pro¬ should be taken into consideration by the Com¬ vides a substantially complete record of our deal¬ mittee. ings with foreign governments in days gone by. The application should be accompanied by a The period covered by these successive volumes is letter, likewise in duplicate, from the parent or approximately 15 years prior to the date of pub¬ guardian of the applicant. lication. But this gap, Mr. Wynne announces, will be narrowed just as soon as foreign governments The Committee calls attention to the following give their consent to the release of official corre¬ conditions, which should be borne in mind by spondence with them in more recent years. applicants: The amount available for scholarships in any year will presumably be little in excess of The Department of State is also engaged on a $1,200 and may, in the discretion of the commit¬ notable project to publish the complete records of tee, be divided among two or more recipients. the Paris Peace Conference, the sole obstacle at Funds awarded under the scholarship may be used present being the absence of necessary appropria¬ only in defraying expenses at an American uni¬ tions. Another forthcoming publication is the re¬ versity, college, seminary, conservatory, profes¬ vised digest of international law which is being sional, scientific or other school. This school may prepared by Green H. Hackworth, legal adviser to be selected by the recipient. No payments may the Department. be made until the recipient has been finally ad¬ Still another of many undertakings on the cal¬ mitted to the particular educational institution endar is the Territorial Papers of the United States, selected. a publication which, when completed, will consist It may be recalled that the deed of trust in-

(Continued on page 118) (Continued on page 116) 81 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

THE EDITORS’ COLUMN HH&L A letter from an officer in the field in the Janu¬ ary issue of the JOURNAL reiterated a complaint FOREIGN JOURNAL which has often been leveled against the failure of the Department, vast and preoccupied institu¬ rUvoi. is ~ FEBRUARY, 19»9 tion that it is, to greet with a proper degree of warmth and hospitality the return of its errant PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN sons who pass through Washington on leave or on SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. temporary detail. While every feasible effort is

The American Foreiffn Service Journal is open to subscrip¬ made to deal sympathetically and comprehensively tion in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a with the Service problems of individual officers, year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. their own personal and social anticipations are This publication is not official and material appearing herein represents only the personal opinions of its authors, or of indi¬ often, if they happen to have no close friends in viduals quoted, unless otherwise specifically indicated. Washington, to some extent disappointed. Noth¬

Copyright, 1939, by the American Foreign Service Association ing could be more desolate than for a returning exile to feel a stranger in his own capital. Yet even a series of the most exhaustive and satisfac¬ JOURNAL STAFF tory official consultations in regard to his work in GEORGE H. BUTLER, Chairman..... the field, past and future, are not always enough PAUL H. ALLINC to make an officer feel that he is welcome home. CHARLES W. YOST . The Department and the Foreign Service Asso¬ Editorial HENRY S. VILLARD . ciation have both been conscious of this problem HERBERT S. BUHSLEY Board REGINALD P. MITCHELL and various solutions, such as the acquisition of RICHARD H. POST, Secretary an Association clubhouse in which officers tem¬ HARRY A. MCBRIDE Business Manager porarily in Washington might stay, have been CHARLES B. HOSMER Treasurer seriously considered. The expense involved, how¬ ever, has always proved an insurmountable bar The American Foreign to any solution so elaborate. Other devices, such Service Association as monthly Foreign Service luncheons, have more or less failed in their object of providing wider The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and Departmental contacts for officers home on leave. voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering The author of the letter referred to above pro¬ esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Service and poses the establishment of a separate office in to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. the Department to receive visiting officers, to ar¬ range their consultations in the Department, to Honorary President supply information in regard both to living con¬ CORDELL HULL Secretary of State ditions and to happenings of interest in Washing¬ Honorary Vice-Presidents ton, and to organize luncheons and tours of the SUMNER WELLES... ..Under Secretary of State Department for visiting men. While the problem ROBERT WALTON MOORE Counselor we have been discussing is an important one, we FRANCIS B. SAYRE Assistant Secretary of State are not convinced that it is sufficiently weighty to GEORGE S. MESSERSMITH Assistant Secretary of State require the creation of a separate organization to ADOLPH A. BERLE, JR. Assistant Secretary of State deal with it, especially as existing facilities can undoubtedly serve most of the desired ends. The CLARENCE E. GAUSS President ROBERT D. MURPHY Vice-President Division of Foreign Service Personnel is ready HENRY S. VILLARD __ Secretary-Treasurer and eager to discuss with the homecoming officer all of his problems, to suggest to him persons in EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE the Department with whom it would he desirable JAY PIERREPONT MOFFAT, Chairman for him to consult, and to arrange, whenever pos¬ JOSEPH E. JACOBS, Vice-Chairman; HARRY A. MCBRIDE, sible, that the officer shall have an opportunity JOHN CARTER VINCENT, SELDEN CHAPIN to inform himself in regard to those phases of the Alternates Department’s work in which he is particularly CHARLES B. HOSMER, HENRY S. VILLARD interested. Furthermore, the editors of the JOUR¬ NAL are endeavoring to arrange that the JOURNAL Entertainment Committee: SELDEN CHAPIN AND LEWIS CLARK (Continued on page 116) 82 Xews from the Department

By REGINALD P. MITCHELL, Department of State

The Secretary With virtually all members of the delegation and the staff detailed by the Department to the Secretary and Mrs. Hull, somewhat browned Conference, the Secretary departed from Lima- from exposure to the sun aboard ship, arrived in Callao on December 28. Stops were made at New York on January 9 on the S.S. Santa Maria Guayaquil and Buenaventura, New Year’s Day be¬ from the Pan American Conference at Lima. Prior ing spent in the latter port, but the Secretary did to leaving the steamer shortly after its arrival and not go ashore until the arrival at Balboa, where he proceeding directly to Washington he issued a was greeted by Minister Frank P. Corrigan, who statement to the press in which he set forth his accompanied him to call on President Arosemena, conception of the achievements obtained at Lima. of Panama. He rejoined the Santa Maria at Bal¬ During the voyage south he had devoted a con¬ boa and continued through the Panama Canal and siderable part of his time to consultations with to New York City. other members of the American delegation and to The Secretary resumed his duties in the Depart¬ conversations with the representatives of other ment on January 10 and had lunch with President nations proceeding to the conference. On the re¬ Roosevelt at the White House on the same date. turn journey he spent much time in the open air, He attended the dinner tendered by President and playing deck golf, his favorite shipboard pastime, Mrs. Roosvelt to Vice President and Mrs. Garner and in reading on deck. It was said that he de¬ at the White House that evening, and on the fol¬ feated all comers at deck golf. lowing day he spoke extemporaneously at a testi¬ Following the opening of the Conference on De¬ monial dinner held at the Mayflower Hotel for cember 9 the Secretary addressed the plenary ses¬ Attorney General Homer Cummings, who resigned. sion of the Conference on December 10 and 24, he Having presented their letters of credence on delivered a radio address over the facilities of the December 22, the new Japanese Ambassador, Mr. Columbia Broadcasting System to the United States Kensuke Horinouchi, and the new Minister of the on December 13, and he spoke on December 27 at Netherlands, Dr. A. Loudon, paid their first official a farewell dinner tendered to the delegates by calls on Secretary Hull respectively on January 12 President Oscar Benavides, of Peru, following the and 13. conclusion of the Conference on that date. In the On January 13 the Secretary appeared before meanwhile he spent Christmas Day quietly in the Senate Committee on Finance in connection Lima, in the evening attending, with Mrs. Hull, a with the proposed Senate resolution concerning the reception held fy Ambassador and Mrs. Laurence proposed supplementary reciprocal trade agree¬ A. Steinhardt at the Embassy. ment with the Cuban Government. 83 MER1CAN QRE1GN JHE A F SERVICE JOURNAL

Under Secretary Welles the new system as “the longest communication line The Acting Secretary and Mrs. Welles attended in the world.” the dinner given at the White House on December Assistant Secretary Berle 13 by President and Mrs. Roosevelt in honor of Asked whether Assistant Secretary Berle would the members of the Cabinet and their wives. On relinquish his duties in the Department soon or re¬ December 19 the Acting Secretary, in commenting main indefinitely, Secretary Hull at his press con¬ at his press conference on the radio address made ference on January 12 stated that Mr. Berle would on the preceding day from Lima by former Gov¬ probably remain indefinitely, possibly with some ernor Landon, declared that “Governor Landon’s few interruptions. Subsequently, it was stated in able and forthright address is a further gratifying the press that Mr. Berle would take a four-month evidence that the peoples of the United States are leave of absence in order to resume his duties as a as one in their determination to uphold the prin¬ professor at Columbia University. ciples of their traditional policy and that in this issue questions of political affiliation do not arise. Ambassador Nelson T. Johnson He added, in part, “There can be no question that The Ambassador to China, Mr. Nelson T. John¬ the people of the United States, like the peoples son, arrived at New York City on January 17 on of other American republics, will rfuse to permit the S.S. lie de France and proceeded to Washing¬ any form of outside intervention in the Western ton, calling on Secretary Hull at the Department Hemisphere.” on January 18. He was met in New York City by On December 18 Mr. Welles extended a five- Mrs. Johnson, who has been at her home in Cody, minute greeting to the Foreign Service on a holi¬ Wyoming, for some months with their two children day program broadcast internationally by the Mu¬ because of disturbed conditions in China. tual Broadcasting System from Station WOL in It will be recalled that Ambassador Johnson Washington. He congratulated the service on its left his post at Chungking on December 12 by past achievements and emphasized the great re¬ automobile, accompanied by Major James M. Mc¬ sponsibilities in the present world situation. On Hugh, U. S. Marine Corps, Assistant Naval At¬ behalf of the service, Ambassador Joseph C. Grew, tache in China. They proceeded out of China via speaking from Tokyo, acknowledged the greetings the new motor highway which is being constructed of Mr. Welles. On December 19 Mr. Welles ten¬ from Yunnanfu, capital of Yunnan Province, to dered a luncheon at the Carlton Hotel in honor of Rangoon, where they arrived on December 29. He the Right Honorable Stanley Melbourne Bruce, proceeded by plane via Alexandria and Rome to Australian High Commissioner to Great Britain. Southampton, which he reached on January 7. In his capacity as Acting Secretary, Mr. Welles attended the joint session of both houses of Con¬ Ambassador Jefferson Caffery gress on January 4 to hear the address delivered The Ambassador to Brazil, Mr. Jefferson Caffery, by President Roosevelt. On January 11 he at¬ after spending about five weeks in Europe, a part tended the ceremonies at Annapolis incident to the of which time was devoted to motoring in France, inauguration of Governor Herbert O'Conor, and on arrived in New York City on December 15 on the January 13 he was the guest of honor at a cock¬ S.S. Queen Mary. He visited Washington for ap¬ tail party tendered at the Army and Navy Club by proximately one week prior to Christmas, which the press correspondents who “cover” the Depart¬ was spent with Mrs. Caffery in Chicago. He was ment. in Washington during the greater part of Janu¬ ary, and planned to sail for Rio early in March. Assistant Secretary Sayre Ambassador Hugh R. Wilson On the occasion of the opening of radio-tele¬ phone service between the United States and Aus¬ The Ambassador to Germany, Mr. Hugh R. Wil¬ tralia, Assistant Secretary Sayre on December 20 son, who is remaining in the United States indefi¬ spoke briefly over these new facilities to the Aus¬ nitely as a consultant on German-American rela¬ tralian Minister for External Affairs, the Honor¬ tions, returned to Washington on January 4. Fol¬ able William Morris Hughes, and extended a cor¬ lowing his arrival in New York City on November dial greeting from the American people to the 25 after having been summoned to Washington to people of the Commonwealth. Immediately fol¬ report on the situation prevailing in Germany, and lowing, Mr. Frank R. McNinch, chairman of the following conferences with President Roosevelt, Federal Communications Commission, extended Secretary Hull and Under Secretary Welles, Am¬ greetings to Sir Harry Brown, Australian Director- bassador Wilson joined his son, Hugh, Jr., a mem¬ General of Posts and Telegraph, and characterized ber of the junior class at Yale University, and 84 proceeded on December 8 by train for a rest Ambassador William C. Bullitt at Clearwater, Florida, followed by a visit of The Ambassador to France, Mr. William C. Bul¬ about one week with members of his family at litt, spent the Christmas and New Year holidays in Chicago. Habana with his daughter, Miss Anne Bullitt, a Upon his return to Washington he reported for student at the Foxcroft School, Middleburg, Vir¬ duty in the Department and reoccupied the office ginia. They journeyed from Washington to Ha¬ of Assistant Secretary Berle, who was absent as a bana on December 20 and returned to Washington member of the American delegation to the Pan early in January, making the round trip by air¬ American Conference at Lima. By a coincidence plane. the office had been that of Ambassador Wilson He had originally planned to sail from New when he served as Assistant Secretary. York City for his post on January 7, but upon his It has been learned that Ambassador Wilson’s return to Washington he had a number of talks recently-published book. “The Eduction of a Dip¬ with President Roosevelt at the White House and lomat,” has been translated into German and pub¬ on January 9, together with Ambassador Joseph lished on November 1 by the well-known publish¬ P. Kennedy, appeared before a joint meeting of ing house, Deutscher Verlag, of Stuttgart. the Senate and House Military Affairs Committees. Mrs. Wilson during a part of December and He sailed from New York City on the S.S. He de early January visited in Switzerland and in Paris, France on January 21, accompanied by Carmel returning to Berlin on January 6. Offie, Third Secretary of Embassy at Paris. Ambassador Joseph C. Grew Ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy The Ambassador to Japan, Mr. Joseph C. Grew, The Ambassador to Great Britain, Mr. Joseph P. plans to take home leave in the United States dur¬ Kennedy, arrived in New York City on December ing the spring. The announcement was made by 15 on the S.S. Queen Mary and on the following Acting Secretary Welles at his press conference on day called on President Roosevelt and Acting Sec¬ January 5. It was stated that he had not been retary Welles. He returned to New York City and summoned home, but was returning in accordance on December 17 attended the popular production, with plans made last year. “Leave It to Me.” Lines mentioning tbe name of a notable seated in the audience occasionally are Ambassador Norman Armour written into the script and at the performance The Ambassador to Chile, Mr. Norman Armour, which he attended his name was mentioned. The acted as Special Representative of President Roose¬ press published photographs showing the Ambas¬ velt at the inauguration of President Pedro Aguirre sador talking with Victor Moore, a star who por¬ Cerda in Santiago on December 24. trays an Ambassador in knee breeches. The Ambassador was appointed as chairman of The Ambassador, accompanied by his son, Jack, the American arrived in delegation to Palm Beach the Third Pan o n December American 18 and plan¬ Highway Con¬ ned to remain ference which there about convened in six weeks. He Santiago on attended the January 13 . Orange Bowl William R. football game Manning, o f on January 2 the Treaty Di¬ at Miami be¬ vision, was one tween Tennes¬ of several tech¬ see and Okla- nical advisers, h o m a . 0 n and Cecil B. January 9, to¬ Lyon, Third gether with Secretary of Ambassador Embassy in Photo by R. A. Hare Bullitt, he ap- Santiago, acted C. T. Steger, Consul at Beirut, recently assigned to Jerusalem, con¬ as secretary of ferring with Paul Ailing, Assistant Chief of the Near Eastern Division, (Continued on the delegation. on a recent visit to the Department. page 94) 85 IV ews from the Field

BOMBAY read by Mr. Jordan. In the evening the American The American Association of Western India held Sahibs and Memsahibs enjoyed a thoroughly a well attended dance on the evening of Thanks¬ “pukka” Turkey dinner, held in the air-conditioned giving Day. The Association has been growing at dining room of the new Connemara Hotel. a fast rate and constantly expanding its activities. AUBREY E. LIPPINCOTT. Club rooms are maintained at one of the leading hotels in Bombay. Golf competitions are held DURBAN monthly, and baseball games lake place at irregu¬ “Baseball Is Rounders, After All.” lar but frequent intervals during the cold weather. At least that is the impression of Barnholt and In a recent two-ball golf competition. Hedley Cooke Leyden, a reporter and the cartoonist of the Daily shared first honors, as¬ and Sunday Tribune, sisted by the maximum of Durban, after see¬ handicap and by a ing their first baseball first-class partner. game between a team HEDLEY V. COOKE, JR. from the U.S.S. Boise and one selected from MADRAS the Natal Baseball As¬ sociation. The game, A new and pleasant which promises to be¬ custom, initiated in come historic in local 1936, has been estab¬ sports circles, was lished a m o n g the played at the Track American community Grounds on the after¬ in Madras in the form noon of November 22, of Thanksgiving Day 1938. The final score observance. This No¬ was: Navy, 6; Natal,3. vember, for the third The Mayor of Dur¬ successive year, a brief ban, Councillor Flem¬ religious service was ing Johnston, was held in the morning there and his daughter, at the Women’s Chris¬ Mrs. George Cyrus, tian College Chapel, the I^ady Mayoress, and in the afternoon opened the game by the American Consul throwing out the first and Mrs. Jordan were ball. His Worship, the at home to the Ameri¬ Foreign Service merrymakers at annual Hallowe’en Mayor, had invited can community a ii d Costume Dance of Mr. and Mrs. Sheldon T. Mills, the ship to come to their friends. During Bucharest. Seated og floor: Miss NabokolT. Kneel¬ Durban and was dis¬ the reception the Presi- ing:' Chief Clerk James Christie. Seated, left to right: Mrs. Mills, Mrs. Huston, Mrs. Scotlen, Miss appointed that the vis¬ dent’s Thanksgiving Saxe. Standing: Secretaries Mills, Scotten, Huston, it could not be ar¬ Day Proclamation was Hibbard, and Commercial Attache Richardson. ranged. He is a bowler 86 but not a baseballer, and as the close first innings the Navy team entrained at 8 o’clock the same gave some basis for hope that the Home Town evening for the long train ride back to Cape¬ Team might win, his chief magisterial calm and town. The spirit of fun was not dead in them, poise was dissolved in mounting enthusiasm and and some of the men rode through the Dur¬ his face was suffused with a color that had no con¬ ban railway station in rickshas drawn by Zulu nection with anything served at the civic luncheon boys garbed in the barbaric splendor of the Dur¬ over which he had presided at noon to honor the ban ricksha puller. On arriving at their special rival teams. The second string pitcher that was coach they were boosted through the windows on the ground for the Navy at the beginning of the by admirers. game was soon changed and to the delight and JOHN CORRIGAN. relief of the Americans present, the Navy won. Father Timothy E. O’Sullivan (formerly of Boston) was captain of the Natal team, and Harry MEXICO Nizder, of McKeesport, Pennsylvania, factory rep¬ The Consul General at Mexico City, Mr. James resentative of Goodyear, performed brilliantly as B. Stewart, is reportedly the author of the follow¬ shortstop. Dudley Nourse (South Africa), on first ing oration — a response to the toast, “Our base, won the admiration of the visitors. Guests!”, which was given at the annual dinner of The invitation for the visit of the Navy team the St. Andrew’s Society of Mexico on Novem¬ came from the Natal Baseball Association, and ber 30, 1938: when the members learned that among the en¬ “We, your guests, are happy and proud to be listed men of the U.S.S. Boise that was sailing for at this St. Andrew’s Day celebration, surrounded Capetown on her shakedown cruise following a by dour sons of Wallace and Bruce. Such names ceremonial call at Monrovia, Liberia, were a num¬ thrill us and it is not to be wondered at that we ber of good baseball players, it seemed an ex¬ all like to think that their blood runs through our cellent opportunity to test their skill against an veins. The Ambassador likes to think that, but you American team. Having looked forward to this know and 1 know that he has not a drop of Scotch chance, they were not to be denied merely be¬ in him! When young McGregor joined our staff cause the ship anchored in Capetown, 1,200 miles recently, Mr. Daniels said that with Shaw, Gal¬ away. braith, Wilson and Stewart, we already had too A team of 16 enlisted men was invited to Dur¬ many Caledonians in our ranks and that there ban. The group left Capetown under the com¬ would be no living with such a clan! It is too bad! mand of Chief Warrant Officer C. H. Goshorn on The Ambassador left North Carolina to get away Saturday evening, following a game against an from the Scots but he should have known better All-Africa team, whom they defeated by the score than that! Go where you will, North, South, East of 18 to 3, and arrived in Durban the following or West—to Madagascar or the Fiji Islands, and Tuesday morning. They attended a civic luncheon there tonight you will find Scots gathered together and then played and won a hotly contested game. in this St. Andrew’s Day celebration. There will be While stiil haggis, athol surrounded on brose, a piper the field by or two and a crowds of ad¬ large measure mirers prepar¬ of good fel¬ ing to help lowship. But celebrate their deep under¬ victory, they neath all, received a tele¬ ‘their hearts graphic order are in the from the Com¬ highlands—a- manding Offi¬ chasing l h e cer to return deer.’ immediately as “The Scots¬ the ship was man, a citizen sailing on Fri¬ of the world, day morning. has carried Navy disci¬ The Daily Tribune of Durban sent this cartoon to Mr. Corrigan for the (Continued on pline held and Journal. page 118) 87 A Political Bookshelf

CYRIL WYNNE, Review Editor

INSANITY FAIR, A EUROPEAN CAVALCADE, by Douglas The Department of State has recently made the Reed. Pp. 415. Random House, New York. $3.00. extremely significant announcement that, having obtained the consent of the interested governments, All those who have enjoyed the books of such it is at last in a position to proceed with the pub¬ newspaper correspondents as John Gunther, Wyeth lication of the records of the Paris Peace Con¬ Williams, H. R. Knickerbocker and Edgar Ansel ference, including the all-important minutes of the Mowrer will find this recent publication highly Council of Four. Biographies and memoirs of the entertaining reading and, in many respects, very active participants in the Conference, however, are illuminating. The author has for many years essential source materials of history no less than been one of the outstanding European corre¬ official documents, because they take the reader spondents of the London Times, but despite the behind the scenes and hold up to the light trans¬ conservatism and loyalty to the government of that actions by which settlements recorded in docu¬ leading British Empire paper, in “Insanity Fair” ments have been reached. This, then, is the first Douglas Reed is extremely outspoken in his criti¬ merit of The Truth About the Peace Treaties. cism of British foreign policy during the post¬ Britain’s War-time Prime Minister played a war years,—a policy which he terms one of “os- leading role in prosecuting the War and in nego¬ trichism.” tiating peace. Already he has written six volumes The hook was completed just before the German of War Memoirs. The completion now of the occupation of Austria, but four chapters have been eighth volume of Memoirs in his seventy-sixth added to cover that event. His analysis of the year is in itself a considerable achievement. Those advent of National Socialism and Hitler’s rise to who know his former work have a taste of the power, his description and denunciation of those polemical qualities of The Truth About the Peace now in control in Germany and his narrative of Treaties. the journey of Anthony Eden in 1935 to Berlin, Lloyd George is not the first to write the Warsaw and Moscow are particularly entertaining “truth” about the Paris peace settlement. In 1921 passages. He is candid and fair in his comments Andre Tardieu published a volume called The and shows great discernment in his opinions. By Truth About the Treaty. In this book Tardieu his quiet sense of humor he is protected from the sought to refute the charges brought by French temptation of indulging in bitter tirades of de¬ critics against the provisions of the Versailles nunciation of persons and policies. Treaty on the ground of undue leniency to Ger¬ ROBERT L. BUELL. many. Lloyd George’s task is rather the reverse of this. The criticisms levied against the Treaty in later years have been on the grounds of severity, THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PEACE TREATIES, by David not leniency. Had the Allied statesmen shown Lloyd George. Two Volumes. London: Victor Gol- greater wisdom and moderation in 1919, it is lancz, 1938. 1,471 pp. 36s. charged, the world would be a much hapier place A true history of the World War and of the today. To this Lloyd George replies on behalf Treaties of Peace (recently dubbed the “Paris of himself and his colleagues that during the Suburbs Treaties”) may not be written for an¬ progress of the Peace Conference there was not other generation. Yet the materials from which one voice raised in favor of moderation except the historian of the future must draw his facts from the men who were conducting the negotia- and impressions are rapidly becoming available. (Continued on page 92) 88 Banking Service in Washington, D. C.

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- 89 THE TRADE AGR COUNTRIES WITH WHICH TRADE A| OR WITH WHICH NEGOTIATIONS Af AS OF NO'

United States

Trade agreements signed

Public notice of intention to negotiate !U N 10 N::OFHS0VIE T;HSOCIALIS T:j REPUBLIC S :

Commercial agreement with the U S.S.R., related to the trade agreements program but not a trade agreement concluded under authority of the Trade Agreements Act

:HOSEN Equal - orea projec tion

(AFGHAN-J- ISTAN_/

[COMMONWEALTH

U.S. total trade in 1937 with countries of the Trade Agreements prq COUNTRIES :THERLAI including colonies, etc. PAPljjKj Trade [agreements, concluded United Kinqdom H ‘ Nov. 17, 7938 * Canada Nov. 17,1938 Netherlands Dec.20,1935 France May 6,1936 Cuba Aug. 24,1934 Brazil Feb. 2,1935 Belgium U.S. total trade, 1937 Feb.27,1935 $ 6,429,218.000 Sweden May 25,1935 Colombia ZEALAND* Sept. 13,1935 Czechoslovakia Mar. 7,1938 Switzerland Jan. 9.1936 Finland May 18,1936 Guatemala April24.1936 El Salvador Feb. 19.1937 Honduras Dec. 18,1935 Ecuador Aug. 6, 1938 Costa Rica Nov. 28,1936 Haiti Mar. 28,1935 Nicaragua Mar.ir.il H. ,19 1936 Trade’ agreements pending $ 73,655,000VTrade agreements pending Venezuela A/ Turkey * I ioy.oii.ooo / el MENTS PROGRAM lEEMENTS HAVE BEEN CONCLUDED, IN PROGRESS OR CONTEMPLATED IBER 18. 1938 ■

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Trend of United States Foreign Trade Increase in U. S. exports and imports under the Trade Agreements program Increase 1936-37 over 1934-35 jSsI Exports 40 50per "cent" a: 4.000 Exports I ITilirimports Trade agreement countries 3 i 41.9% I ' -To -Q 3.000 gll Other countries 25.9%

Imports Trade agreement countries 4.4 '’xxxxxxx'xxxxxxx^X^jft Other countries ;XXT;XN:>:XXXXXXXXXX] BOOKSHELF chairman. The choice of Poincare as the first Chairman was fatal to judgment and moderation (Continued from page 88) (pp. 512-513). The provisions concerning the Rhineland have tions. He is particularly concerned to prove be¬ r yond all doubt his own desire for moderation on alw ays had their share of criticism. On this the vital issues of reparations, frontiers, and dis¬ score, as on so many others, Lloyd George asserts armament. Much of the two volumes is indeed that his conscience is clear. In presenting his a personal apologia. case he lays bare the bitter differences of opinion As part of his own personal defense and of his among the Allies on this subject. As early as defense of the Allied nations, the author seeks to January, 1917, the French Government decided dispel what he calls “two fixed illusions:” First, to make it one of the conditions of the peace that that the harshest conditions of the treaty were de¬ the Rhine should be the Western boundary of termined in the frenzied hour of triumph when the Germany. At the Peace Conference the French Allied nations were intoxicated by victory over put forward a proposal for setting up an inde¬ a foe that had slaughtered millions of their young pendent state on the Rhine, to be garrisoned by men, and, second, that all the stern conditions an inter-Allied force. In the face of the combined of the Treaty emanated from one set of nego¬ resistance of the United States and Great Britain tiators, whereas all its idealistic stipulations were the French abandoned this proposal and accepted inspired by “a nobler mind.” The War aims (or the alternative scheme of a joint guarantee, on peace proposals) formulated by the Allies in the condition that the Allies agree to a temporary winter of 1916-1917 in reply to Wilson and the occupation of the Rhine bridgeheads for a defi¬ terms subsequently embodied in the treaties, the nite period. At first both Lloyd George and Wil¬ author says, were “substantially” the same. With son stubbornly refused to agree even to a tempo¬ regard to the second “illusion” he asserts that had rary occupation of the Rhineland. While Lloyd America not been a member of the Conference at George was in England, however, Clemenceau per¬ all, the Covenant of the League would not only suaded House to use his influence with the Presi¬ have been an essential part of the Treaty, but its dent to withdraw his opposition. Wilson’s health provisions “would not have been weakened in a had been impaired largely as a result of the out¬ single particular” (p. 278). rageous attacks of the Parisian press. As soon The story of the reparations settlement bulks as he recovered, Colonel House approached him very large in Volume I. The charge is often made with a view to inducing him to agree to a com¬ that politicians in Britain and France, ignorant promise. “It was an essential part of that com¬ of the rudiments of international finance, were promise,” Lloyd George declares, “that these at¬ foolish enough to think Germany could pay un¬ tacks in the French press should cease” (pp. limited sums as reparations and that, having 425-426). committed themselves from base motives of po¬ A very large portion of Volume II is devoted litical advantage to this extravagance, they found to the Treaty of Sevres and to the retreat of the it necessary to enshrine their electioneering expe¬ Allies from Sevres to Lausanne. Differences among dient in the Treaty. As a matter of fact, Lloyd the Allies Lloyd George holds accountable for the George declares, in England it was the financial “final humiliating surrender,” and he complains and business experts, rather than the politicians, bitterly of the “treacherous” role played by France who were exultantly confident. The French offi¬ and Italy. The well-remembered “Chanak Inci¬ cial view as to the prospect of recovering large dent” not only caused a rift among the Allies, sums from Germany was “much more sanguine” it almost brought a crisis within the British Empire than the British official view. Some of the French —a fact which, incidentally, Lloyd George does officials, however, knew that Germany could not not mention in this connection. The Treaty of pay colossal sums, but even Clemenceau’s tried Lausanne was “the first of the humiliating and courage shrank from the unwelcome task of throw¬ calamitous capitulations which in the end have ing cold water on hopes inflamed with victory destroyed most of what was best in the Treaties (pp. 457, 472-473). The whole reparations of Peace that followed the sacrifices of the Great scheme, Lloyd George says, was wrecked by the War.” defection of the United States. Had America Not entirely lacking in current interest are the signed the treaty, the presence of its representa¬ claims which Italy presented to the Peace Confer¬ tives on the Reparations Commission would have ence and the manner in which the negotiators ensured the inclusion of one disinterested party, treated these claims. Lloyd George refuses to con- who in all probability would have been chosen (Continued on page 114) 92 THE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

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93 NEWS-DEPARTMENT iels, accompanied by Mrs. Daniels, after visiting Washington on December 20 and 21 upon their (Continued from, page 85) arrival direct from Mexico City, proceeded on De¬ peared before a joint meeting of the Senate and cember 22 to their home in Raleigh, North Caro¬ House Military Affairs Committee. He turned to lina, for the holidays. The Ambassador made a Palm Beach and planned to sail from New York special trip to Washington to hear the address de¬ City for his post about February 22 or 23. livered by President Roosevelt to Congress on On January 16 the University of Edinburgh an¬ January 4, returning to Raleigh on the following nounced that it would confer the honorary degree day. Accompanied by Mrs. Daniels, he visited of doctor of laws on Ambassador Kennedy and Washington for several days beginning January 11, Prime Minister Chamberlain on a date not yet making a trip to New York City to attend, as fixed. guest of honor, a dinner of the Council Against Intolerance in America at the Hotel Plaza on Jan¬ Ambassador Frank P. Corrigan uary 13. On January 14 the Ambassador and The Senate on January 16 confirmed the nomi¬ Mrs. Daniels left Washington by train for Mexico nation of Mr. Frank P. Corrigan, at present Min¬ City. ister to Panama, as Ambassador to Venezuela. It Minister R. Henry Norweb will be recalled that the De¬ partment on December 24 Ihe Minister to the Dominican Republic, Mr. R. announced that the Presi¬ Henry Norweb, accompanied by Mrs. Norweb, ar¬ dent had given his approval rived in New York City on January 9 on the S.S. to raising the Legation in Santa Maria from Lima, where he served as a Caracas to the grade of an member of the American delegation to the Pan Embassy, and that similar American Conference. They planned to visit their action was being taken by home in Cleveland before returning to Ciudad the Venezuelan Government Trujillo. with regard to its mission Minister Arthur Bliss Lane in Washington. It was stated The Minister to Yugoslavia, Mr. Arthur Bliss also that the resignation of Lane, accompanied by Mrs. Lane and their daugh¬ the Minister to Venezuela, ter, Peggy, arrived in Washington on January 17 Mr. Antonio C. Gonzalez, and planned to remain here a short time before had been accepted, effective returning to their post at Belgrade. They arrived upon his departure from Caracas about February. in New Aork City on December 15 on the S.S. Ambassador Spruille Braden Nieuw Amsterdam and have been vacationing at the Jokake Inn, jokake, Arizona, enjoying the The Senate on January 16 confirmed the nomi¬ warm sunshine of that region. They were joined nation of Mr. Spruille Braden as Ambassador to at Jokake by the Minister’s brother, Mr. George Colombia. He was appointed Minister to Colom¬ Bliss Lane, Consul at Wellington, New' Zealand, on bia last April, but has not proceeded to his post the first home leave which each has taken in three because of his duties as the delegate of the United years. States at the Chaco Peace Conference, an assign¬ ment which terminated recently. It will be re¬ Minister Ray Atherton called that the Department made public on October The Minister to Bulgaria, 1 that the President had given his approval to Mr. Ray Atherton, was in raising the Legation in Bogota to the grade of an London in January serving Embassy, and that similar action was being taken as the American representa¬ by the Colombian Government with regard to its tive on the International mission in Washington. Wheat Advisory Committee Ambassador Braden delivered an address at The which has been holding Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore on January meetings there. 5 on the occasion of the presentation to him by that institution of the honorary degree of doctor Minister Bert Fish of laws. The Minister to Egypt, Mr. Bert Fish, sailed on Ambassador Josephus Daniels January 7 front New York Ray Atherton The Ambassador to Mexico, Mr. Josephus Dan¬ City on the S.S. Empress of 94 ctfftn AND

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95 Britain for his post upon the conclusion of home leave spent principally at his home in De Land, Florida, where he has large interests in citrus groves. In passing through Washington he spent several days, beginning on December 30. and was received at the White House by the President. Minister Boaz Long The Minister to Ecuador. Mr. Boaz Long, sailed from New York City on December 17 on the S.S. Santa Lucia and assumed charge of his post at Quito on December 31. Minister Fay Allen Des Fortes The Minister to Guatemala, Mr. Fay Allen Des Fortes, served as chairman of the American dele¬ gation to a regional radio conference of Central America, Panama and the Canal Zone held at Guatemala City from November 24 to December FOREIGN 8. Harvey B. Otterman, of the Division of Inter¬ national Communications in the Department, was SHIPPING vice chairman of the delegation. W t■ tli f The world over everyone likes the internationally known Bowling Green steel EUROPEAN lift vans for foreign ship¬ OFFICES ment of household effects and art objects. Carefully LONDON Tottenham Court Rd., prepared and loaded by London, W. expert packers, all articles are safe from point of PARIS Chief, Division of Research and Publication 29 Rue de la Jonquiere origin to destination in Mr. Cyril Wynne, Chief of the Division of Re¬ these sealed steel vans. VIENNA search and Publication, delivered an address at the The Federal Storage Walfischgasse 15 thirty-fourth annual meeting of the American Po¬ Company is the Exclusive BERLIN litical Science Association at Columbus, Ohio, on Agent in Washington. Wichmannstrasse 7-8 December 29 on the subject, “Progress of the State Department’s Publication Program.” Special Assistant to Secretary Mr. Lynn R. Edminster, Special Assistant to the Secretary, delivered three addresses in the North¬ west in January on the subject of trade agreements and their relation to the Pacific Northwest and FEDERAL STORAGE wool growers in that region. On January 9 he spoke at the annual meeting of the Oregon Wool COMPANY Growers’ Association held at Pendleton, Oregon; E. K. MORRIS, President on January 12 he spoke at the annual meeting of 1701 FLORIDA AVENUE the Washington Wool Growers’ Association held at Yakima, Washington; and on January 18 he spoke WASHINGTON, D. C., U. S. A. at the annual meeting of the Montana Wool Grow¬ ers’ Association held at Butte, Montana. 96 Foreign Service Officers Walter A. Leonard, First Secretary and Consul General at Tallinn, arrived in New York City on December 22 on the SS. Normandie, and visited Thoughts of Washington for four days, beginning December 26, be¬ fore proceeding to Chicago. WASHINGTON He planned to spend the greater part of January in visiting his brother, Dr. F. A. Leonard in Miami, and depart from New York for his post early in February. FOREIGN Service Officers Have A Particular Nathaniel Lancaster, Jr., until recently Third Secre- Interest In The Many w. A. Leonard tary at London, arrived in Activities of Government. New York City on the S.S. Manhattan on home leave. After the holidays in • When next you visit that city he visited Washington for several days The Capital, stay at the insti¬ beginning on January 4 and thence went to his tution where international per¬ home in Ashland, Virginia. Fie sonages reside and great events planned to be in Washington occur. and possibly New York City several times during his leave. Single Rooms from $4 He has booked passage on the S.S. Western Cawthon, which Double Rooms from $6 is scheduled to sail from New Subject to a Diplomatic New A ork City on March 4 Discount to his new post at Lourenco Marques. Jefferson Patterson, until recently First Secretary at Oslo, sailed from New York

City on December 26 on the IN. I Lancaster, Jr. S.S. Normandie en route via Paris to his new post as First Secretary of Em¬ bassy at Berlin. Due to absences in the Embassy and to the need for his services, he cut short his vacation after spending a part of his home leave in Washington, at his farm in nearby Maryland, and in Dayton, Ohio. John G. Erhardt, Foreign Service Inspector, who recently has been on an inspection detail in the British Isles, arrived in New York City on De¬ cember 22 on the S.S. Manhattan for purposes of consultation in the Department. He proceeded to Washington and occupied a desk in the Division of Personnel. He tentatively planned to sail from New York City on February 5 on the S.S. Man¬ hattan to continue inspection in Europe. Important changes have taken place in the of¬ fice of Secretary Hull. Harry A. McBride, As¬ sistant to the Secretary, left the office of the Sec- 97 retary the middle of January and was succeeded Adrian B. Colquitt, until recently Vice Consul in that position by Cecil W. Gray, who has been at Port Elizabeth, Cape Province, arrived in New in the Secretary’s office for several years. Mr. York City on January 4 on the S.S. City oj New Gray’s position was filled by George W. Renchard, York from his post, a 24-day journey via Cape¬ who has been on duty in that office since early town and Trinidad. He visited Washington for 1937. one day and proceeded on January 5 by plane to Mr. Renchard’s place was filled by John F. spend a few days in Boston before continuing to Stone, until recently Vice Consul at Tientsin. Mr. his home in Savannah, Georgia. At the conclu¬ Stone, accompanied by Mrs. Stone, proceeded sion of leave he planned to proceed to his new from Tientsin via Dairen to Kobe and there em¬ post at Panama. barked on the S.S. President Coolidge, arriving at San Francisco on January 5. They proceeded im¬ James P. Moffitt, Consul at Amsterdam, arrived mediately to Washington, where they arrived on in New York City on December 13 on simple leave January 10, Mr. Stone assuming his new duties at and visited Washington from December 14 to 21. once. He departed from New York City in late Decem¬ ber for his post, and planned to return to the Beppo R. Johansen, Vice Consul at Yokohama, United States on home leave in 1939, accompanied arrived at San Francisco on January 5 on the S.S. by Mrs. Moffitt and their 11-year-old daughter, President Coolidge and visited Washington for five Meredith, a student at the Washington Hall School days, beginning on January 10. He proceeded to (an American institution attended by children of his home in Clearwater, Florida, to spend his first several F.S.O.’s) in Brussels. home leave since he joined the Service in October, 1935, when he proceeded direct to Tokyo for the Irving N. Linnell, until recently Consul General two-year language course. at Canton, arrived in San Francisco on January 5 on the S.S. President Coolidge and proceeded to Archibald E. Gray, Third Secretary and Consul his home in Medina, Washington, where he planned at Helsinki, spent the greater part of December in to spend the greater part of his home leave before Washington following his arrival at New York proceeding to His new' post as Consul General at City on December 1 on the S.S. Champlain from Praha. Due to hostilities in the Canton region he Antwerp, where he had transshipped upon arrival proceeded from his post to Hong Kong on the there from Helsinki. He was assigned to trade LI.S.S. Mindanao. conference work and visited New York City, Bos¬ ton, Philadelphia, and Erie, Pennsylvania. Late Robert D. Coe, Consul on duty in the Division in December he proceeded to his home in Eureka, of European Affairs, left Washington on December Illinois, to spend home leave, and planned to sail 31 and returned on January 9 after making a for Helsinki during February. round-trip journey to Port-au-Prince, where he visited the American Minister and Mrs. Meyer. J. Webb Benton, First Secretary at The Hague, arrived in New York City on December 13 on the Four officers stationed in Mexico, acting under S.S. Bremen. He subsequently visited the Depart¬ instructions of the Department, are devoting full ment for several days and returned to New York time for several months in assisting Mr. Lawrence City to join his mother, Mrs. Sarah Benton, to M. Lawson, American Commissioner on the Agra¬ spend his first Christmas in the United States since rian Claims Commission, United States-Mexico. Mr. he joined the service in 1920. He planned to sail Lawson was appointed to this task on November from New York City for his post about Febru¬ 12 and is scheduled to complete his work by ary 1. May 31.

A. E. Gray B. R. Johansen J. W. Benton J. P. Moffitt I. N. Linnell R. D. Coe JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

George H. Winters, Second Secretary at Mexico Reginald P. Mitchell, of the Division of Current City, is serving as assistant to Mr. Lawson and as Information, became citizens. executive officer of the American section of the Commission. George F. E. Tomlin Bailey, Vice Consul at Warsaw, arrived X i£L Scherer, Vice Consul at Mexi¬ in New York City on Decem¬ co (!iI\. i- -IT\ ing as >ecTPtar\ to the American Commission- ber 22 on the S.S. Manhattan ■Bit er. Both are serving in Mexico and spent the holidays and City. Joseph F. Burt, Consul the greater part of his leave at his home in Hasbrouck at Vera Cruz, is serving as an Heights, New Jersey. He assistant to the American Commissioner at both Vera visited the Department on Cruz and Mexico City, and January 4-5. Alfonso F. Yepis, Vice Consul Daniel V. Anderson, Vice at Ensenda, is serving in Mex¬ at Bombay, who has been on ico City and elsewhere as an temporary detail in the Divi- E- T- Bail«r assistant. Edward E. Rice sion of Current Information I he wives of three r oreign since November 21, terminated this assignment on Service Officers were naturalized as American citi¬ January 14 following the return of the Chief of the zens recently. Mrs. Alberta Ravndal, wife of Chris¬ Division, Michael j. McDermott, from the Pan tian M. Ravdnal, Consul at Buenos Aires, was sworn American Conference at Lima. He resumed home in as an American citizen in Federal Court in New¬ leave and visited southern Virginia. He planned ark on December 9. In the District Court in Wash¬ to visit Florida before he sailed for Bombay. ington on January 3 Mrs. Helen Sybil Bonbright, wife of James C. H. Bonbright, of the Division of Merritt N. Cootes, Third Secretary and Vice European Affairs, and Mrs. Jean Mitchell, wife of Consul at Port-au-Prince, arrived in Washington

Do You Enjoy Telling Others of Your Travel Adventures?

AVE you not come upon peoples, customs, and places of such human and abiding interest that you were inspired to write to relatives at home, telling them what you had observed in your travels as a Foreign Service Officer? A million other families—readers of the NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE — would also like to benefit by your geographic knowledge and experience. If you enjoy writing and taking pictures, THE GEOCRAPHIC cordially welcomes you to submit material for publication. Liberal payment will be made for all articles and photographs accepted. Before preparing a manuscript, why not write a brief outline of your proposed article for preliminary con¬ sideration by the editor?

Right: A Ubangi girl gets a drink of water, a miniature shower bath, and her picture in the NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC— taken by Lawrence Copley Thaw.

The NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE | Gilbert Grolvenor, Litt.D., LL.D., Editor I 1 WASHINGTON. D. C.

99 on December 20 by plane from his post on simple leave. Owing to the fact that his home is in Alex¬ andria, Virginia, he spent considerable time in Washington and in the Department. A principal reason for making the trip at this particular time MERCHANT MARINE of the AIR was to be present at the wedding of his sister, Miss Mary Cootes, to F. Lammot Belin, Jr., secretary to On duty or on leave, Pan American Ambassador Hugh R. Wilson, which took place at will take you there three times faster, St. John’s Church in Washington. He left Wash¬ and more comfortably. Service to 48 countries and colonies of Central ington by plane on January 20 for his post, a and South America, Alaska, the distance of only 15 hours by air. Pacific, and China . . . Connecting service to all parts of the world. William E. Yuni, Vice Consul at Kobe, accompanied by Mrs. Yuni, and Edward B E. Rice, Vice Consul at Can¬ ton, who were assigned re¬ spectively as officers on lan¬ guage detail at Tokyo and at Peiping in October, 1935, arrived in San Francisco on the S.S. President Coolidge on January 5 on their first home leave. /’/ V W. E. T uni m /, S SYSTEM William C. George, Vice Consul at Monrovia, has been spending leave since before Christmas at his home in Washington. Our Christian T. Steger, Con¬ sul at Beirut, visited the International Relations Department for a few days |5| The Plaza is the in mid-December en route warm friend of all for Richmond, Virginia, world travelers. . . . where he spent his leave. He planned to make a Perfection marks longer visit in Washington every detail of ap¬ in January. W. C. George pointment, service and cuisine. A so¬ James E. Parks, Consul at London, arrived on cial center conven¬ the Manhattan on December 22 and spent Christ¬ ient to everything mas at his sister’s home in in town. Subway Greensboro, North Caro¬ at hotel direct to lina. His daughter is at¬ World’s Fair. tending school at Salem Academy, Winston-Salem, A 25% discount from room charges is allowed mem¬ N. C., where Consul Gen¬ bers of the Foreign Service. eral Burdett has also placed HENRY A. ROST his daughter. Mr. Parks Pres. & Managing Director planned to visit in St. Pettersburg, Florida, from the middle of January until P L A Z A Jj sailing for his post from Facing Central Park • FIFTH AVE. AT 59TH STREET ijfl New York during the third J. E. Parks week of February. 100 Franklin Hawley, until recently Vice Consul at Lille, visited the Department for a few days in late December before sailing on January 13 from San Francisco for his new post at Hankow. His father, Harry F. Hawley, is American Consul at Oporto. Parker W. Buhrman, until recently Consul Gen¬ eral at Sydney, Nova Scotia, visited the Depart¬ ment on January 10 and proceeded to Covington, Virginia, on leave, after which he will proceed to his new post at Basel, sailing from New York City on February 9.

C. II. Oakes P. W. Buhrman

Calvin Hawley Oakes, Consul at Calcutta, spent about a week in Washington in early January be¬ THE fore proceeding to his home in Charleston, South Carolina, for the balance of his leave. "AMERICAN WAY" John K. Davis, until recently Consul General at Vancouver, spent the second week of January at For Passengers and Freight Washington before sailing on the S.S. Washington on January If! for his new post at Warsaw. TO AND FROM

THE MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA

♦

Home Office: J. K. Davis AMERICAN EXPORT LINES Leonard N. Green, Consul at Para, has been 25 BROADWAY - - - NEW YORK spending leave at Detroit Lakes, Minnesota, and European Headquarters: planned to return to the Department in February before sailing on February 25 on the S.S. Uruguay VIA GARIBALDI, 3 - - GENOA, ITALY for his post. 101 George K. Donald, Con¬ Frank A. Schuler, Jr., sul General at Southampton, Third Secretary at Tokyo, spent several days in Wash¬ on December 17 completed a ington in mid-December vis¬ temporary detail in the Divi¬ J iting his brother, Captain sion of Far Eastern Affairs H. G. Donald, U.S.N., and and left for his home in Mus¬ then proceeded with his wife kegon, Michigan, for a brief to visit a sister in Mobile, stay before re tu r n i n g to Alabama, over the Christ¬ Washington en route to To¬ mas holidays. Mr. and Mrs. kyo. He had reported to the Donald have a daughter at Department on June 17. the Sorbonne and a son at the Kent School. Another Prentiss B. Gilbert, Coun¬ c. K. Donald son held half of the Oliver selor of Embassy and at pres¬ Bishop Harriman Scholar¬ ent Charge d’Affaires at Ber¬ ship during his four years at Yale. lin, was the subject of a complimentary person¬ ality sketch in the daily column, “Headline Folk and What They Do,” appearing in The Washing¬ Wall ace E. Moessner, Vice Consul at Curacao, ton Star on December 30. accompanied by Mrs. Moessner, departed for his post on January 5 after spending a long leave in Miscellaneous Washington with his wife. The Foreign Service Officers’ Training School, Elbridge Durbrow, Consul at Naples, arrived with 17 officers in attendance, opened on January with Mrs. Durbrow on the S.S. Roma in time to 17 and is scheduled to close on April 29. spend Christmas in Washington. They planned to During the first month, ending on February 16, make a visit in San Francisco and return to their the course will include a talk by Mr. Edward post about the end of March. Yardley, Chief Clerk, on the subject, “The De¬ partment of State, Its History and Organization”; North Winship, Counselor of Embassy at War¬ accounts, under Mr. Laurence C. Frank, chief of saw, visited the Department the Bureau of Accounts; administration, estimates, in mid-December, sailing on allotments, estates, notarials, et cetera, under Mr. December 26 on the S.S. Nathaniel P. Davis, chief of the Division of For¬ Normandie for Warsaw. He eign Service Administration; codes, records and was accompanied by Mrs. files, under Mr. David A. Salmon, chief of the Di¬ Winship. During leave he vision of Communications and Records; transpor¬ visited his home in Macon. tation and communications, under Mr. Thomas Ga. Burke, chief of the Division of International Com¬ Five of the seventeen offi¬ munications; shipping and seamen, under Mr. cers assigned to the Foreign Charles B. Hosmer, chief of the Office of Fiscal Service School which began and Budget Affairs; and citizenship and passports, on January 17 had reported under Mrs. Ruth Shiley, chief at the Department by Janu¬ of the Passport Division. ary 9: Harlan B. Clark, Zurich; Edmund A. Gullion, The Board of Examiners Marseille; G. Frederick for the Foreign Service, with Reinhardt, Vienna; Elim O’Shaughnessy, Warsaw; Assistant Secretary Messer- Charles W. Thayer, Berlin; and David A. Thomas- smith as chairman, conducted son, Naples. oral examinations for 106 candidates, including one Henry H. Balch, Consul General at Dublin, young woman, from January sailed from New York City on December 30 on 9 to January 23. The Board, the S.S. Samaria en route to his post at the con¬ as of January 7, made pub¬ clusion of home leave, which he spent principally lic to applicants for the For¬ in Washington. He was in the Department on a eign Service that it had not number of occasions. set a date for the next written 102 ■HH: ’ ' ' '

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* LIFEGUARD is a trademark of The Goodyear Tire .i Rubber Company Certainly your car has safe Guards in service prove this pro¬ your car today with LifeGuards! brakes . . . safe body... safety tection. Not one single LifeGuard For more complete details write glass. But one thing more is needed has ever failed! to The Goodyear Tire & Rubber to make it completely safe! Why risk an accident? Equip Export Co., Akron, Ohio, U. S. A. LifeGuards! And here’s why: No tire is blowout-proof. And sudden tire deflation at high speed or any speed is dangerous ... to you, and anybody near you on the highway. LifeGuards remove the danger! The LifeGuard is a reserve tire within a tire. In case of a blow¬ 1. CASING MAY BLOW! 2. TUBE BLOWS ALSO! 3. SAFE ON LIFEGUARD! out, the LifeGuard inner tire, still inflated, assumes the load ... carries MOTORING’S FOURTH GREAT SAFETY ACHIEVEMENT! you to a safe, smooth stop... no Goodyear presents the LifeGuard — a the inner tire holds enough air to support 2-ply reserve tire inside the tube . . . both thecaruntil it can be brought toasmooth, skid, no swerve, no danger! inflated through the same valve. If the safe stop. LifeGuards are made for pas¬ Hundreds of thousands of Life- casing and tube blow out at any speed, senger cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles.

ONLY GOODYEAR BUILDS LIFEGUARDS examination, but that it was hoped that in the near future examinations for commission to the Service may be held at least once annually. The New York Times of January 18 reported that a leading non-fiction title on the spring list of a New York publishing house will be “Our Magi- not Line” by H. Livingston Hartley. Mr. Hartley was a Foreign Service Officer from May, 1928, until his resignation in June, 1933, having served at London, the Foreign Service School, Pernam¬ buco, the Department temporarily, and at Buenos Aires. He resides with his wife and children in Washington. Miss Emily Bax, who served in the American Embassy in London from 1902 to 1914, is writing her reminiscences in a book to be published by Houghton Mifflin, according to announcement by The New York Times.

From Guns or Butter bv R. H. Bruce Lockhart, p. 145. “The diplomatist has the added advantage of a superior linguistic ability, although too proficient a knowledge of language is sometimes a pitfall. The greatest diplomatic polyglot that 1 have met is Mr. John D. Prince, the former American Min¬ ister in Belgrade. He could talk to nearly every one of his foreign colleagues in the colleague’s own language. Albanian, however, defeated him, hut, not to be outdone, he once talked to the Al¬ banian Minister in Turkish at a large reception. The effect was not quite what he intended. After the conversation the Albanian came to the British Minister and said in halting English: ‘What a strange, what a silly, are these Americans. They have a Turk for their Minister to Yugoslavia.’ H. S. V.

TRADE AGREEMENTS CALENDAR PUBLIC NOTICE OF INTENTION TO NEGOTIATE1

Country Public Notice Latest Date Date for Oral of Intention for Submitting Presentation 73 branches in Greater New York, 70 to Negotiate Written of Views Issued Statements overseas offices in 24 countries and Turkey2 Jan. 12, 1938 Feb. 9, 1938 Feb. 23, 1938 correspondent banks in every com¬ Venezuela' July 12, 1938 Aug. 6, 1938 Aug. 15, 1938 mercially important city in the world. Cuba (Suppl.i Nov. 30. 1938 Pec. 24. 1938 Jan. 3, 1939 TRADE AGREEMENTS SIGNED THE NATIONAL CITY BANK Country Signed Effective Cuba Aug. 24, 1934 1934 OF NEW YORK Sept. 3, Brazil Feb. 2, 1935 Jan. 1, 1936 "Your personal representative throughout the world" Belgium Feb. 27, 1935 May 1, 1935 Haiti Mar. 28, 1935 June 3. 1935 Head Office: 55 Wall Street Sweden .... May 25, 1935 Aug. 5. 1935 Colombia Sept. 13, 1935 May 20, 1936 5 Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Canada .... Nov. 15. 1935 Jan. 1, 1936 Honduras ..... Dec. 18, 1935 Mar. 2, 1936

1(M The Netherlands, in¬ cluding Nether¬ lands Indies, Sur- inam and Curacao. . Dec. 20. 1935 Feb. 1, 1936 Switzerland Jan. 9, 1936 Feb. 15. 1936 Nicaragua Mar. 11, 1936 Oct. 1, 1936 Guatemala . April 24, 1936 June 15, 1936 France and its colo¬ nies, dependencies, and protectorates other than Morocco.. May 6, 1936 June 15, 1936 Finland ... May 18, 1936 Nov. 2, 1936 Costa Rica Nov. 28. 1936 Aug. 2, 1937 FI Salvador Feb. 19, 1937 May 31, 1937 Czechoslovakia . Mar. 7. 1938 April 16, 1938 Ecuador Aug. 6, 1938 Oct. 23, 1938 United Kingdom, Newfoundland, the British non-s e 1 f- governing colonies and certain pro¬ tectorates and pro¬ tected states and mandated territories.. Nov. 17. 1938 4 Jan. 1, 1939 (Canada Nov. 17, 1938 Jan. 1, 1939

1 Public notice of intention to negotiate was issued with i*e- gard to Spain on September 17, 1934, and with regard to Italy on January 10. 1935, and written statements were received and oral hearings held. However, negotiations are now inactive. When negotiations are resumed, public announcement will be made, and renewed opportunity to present views will be afforded prior to the conclusion of an agreement. -Preliminary announcement that negotiation of a trade agree¬ ment was contemplated was made with regard to Turkey on November 3, 1937, and with regard to Venezuela on October NORTH AMERICA 26. 1937. •■'This agreement is superseded by the agreement signed No¬ vember 17, 1938, which is shown at the end of the list. 4Tlie concessions in the British colonial areas are to become SOUTH AMERICA effective as soon after January 1. 1939, as the necessary enabling measures can be taken. CENTRAL AMERICA

STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, CARIRREAN CIRCULATION. ETC., REQUIRED BY THE ACTS OF CONGRESS AUGUST 24, 1912, AND MARCH 3. 1933 Of THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, published PANAMA CANAL monthly at Washington, D. C., for October 1, 1938.

State of District of Columbia }ss Consult your Travel Agent or County of Washington, D. C. ) Before me, a Notary in and for the State and county afore¬ said, personally appeared H. A. McBride, who. having been duly sworn according to law, deposes and says that he is the Business Manager of THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOUR¬ GRACE LINE NAL and that the following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management, etc., of 628 Fifth Avenue (Rockefeller Center) or the aforesaid publication for the date shown in the above cap¬ 10 Hanover Square, New York tion, required by the Act of August 24, 1912. as amended by the Act of March 3, 1933, embodied in section 537, Postal Laws and Regulations, to wit: Agents and Offices in all principal cities That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, man¬ aging editor, and business managers are: Publisher, American Foreign Service Association, Department of State, Washington, D. C.; Editor, George H. Butler, Department of State, Wash¬ ington, D. C.; Business Manager, H. A. McBride, Department of State, Washington, D. C. That the owner is: American Foreign Service Association, an unincorporated association composed of several hundred mem¬ bers. President: Ray Atherton, Department of State, Washing¬ ton. D. C. Treasurer: John Carter Vincent, Department of State, Washington, D. C. That the known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: None.

H. A. MCBRIDE, Business Manager. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 21st day of October, 1938. NORVEELE H. SANNEBECK. 105 Henry P. Leverich, William C. Trimble, Howard Elting, Jr., Russell W. Bento Berlin U. S. A. The Hague London

Princeton’s Class of 1930 Boasts Nine Members in the Foreign Service

The following note appeared in a recent issue of frontiers of the little republic of Latvia. the PRINCETON ALUMNI WEEKLY: “Toward the East, Bernie Connelly in Karachi, India, would have observed preparations to enlist “If, during the recent war crisis in Europe, a kind Indian soldiers for the conflict. And Howie Elting of round-table transatlantic and transpacific tele¬ in Batavia, Java [now assigned to The Hague], phone conference had been arranged with the able could have voiced the fears of the Dutch East Indies scions of 1930 in the American Foreign Service of what wmuld happen there from the hands of Ja¬ abroad, a coverage could have been pan in case England fought again in obtained not only of the crisis in Eu¬ Europe. In the United States, Bill rope but also of its effects in Asia. Trimble’s advice would have been There would have been Butch Leverich sought on Poland’s position, since he and Halleck Rose in Berlin, watching has recently left Warsaw to take some the German legions streaming down advanced courses here. The chairman the Unter den Linden to the East. In of this interesting hypothetical chat Paris, reservists at the Gare de l’Est could well have been George Renchard, would have been observed by Tyler who, by reason of his post in the of¬ Thompson. Meanwhile, Russell Ben¬ fice of Secretary of State Hull, is ton in London could have told the currently the repository of much of stark story of women and children being fitted the diplomatic advices from abroad. The above with gas masks while the turf of England’s parks merely serves to emphasize the fact that 1930 was being uprooted to provide bombproof shelters. has more of its members in the American For¬ Up North, Al Lightner in Riga could have reported eign Service than any other class of any other rumors of Soviet troop concentrations near the university! Will any other class of any University accept the challengef

George W. Renchard, E. Allan Lightner, Jr. Tyler Thompson, Halleck L. Rose, Bernard C. Connelly, State Department Riga Paris Berlin Karachi Ouicr Th The °Sgia

The American Embassy, Tokyo The Ambassador’s Official Residence

The Ambassador’s Study DIVISION OF CONTROLS entente (Continued from page 80) £ ments of war and other munitions of war, and to other controls established to prevent the involve¬ C^orcliafe ment of the United States in war or to contribute The Savoy-Plaza has to the national defense of the United States, the a diplomatic service administration of which is vested in the Secretary of its own. Luxurious of State. rooms . . . delectable 7. To perform such other duties as may from food ... sparkling en¬ time to time be assigned to the Division by the tertainment are its Secretary of State. envoys of cheery comfort. Smart shops, The Division shall report through the Counselor. theatres, subway to The symbol designation of the Division shall be World's Fair nearby. Co. A 25% discount from room The Office of Arms and Munitions Control is charges is allowed members of the Foreign Service. hereby abolished and its staff transferred to the Plan to make the Savoy- new Division, of which Mr. Joseph C. Green is I © Plaza your headquarters dur¬ ing your visit to World's Fair. appointed Chief and Mr. Charles W. Yost Assis¬ Henry A. Rost, tant Chief. Managing Director George Suter, Resident Manager This Order shall be effective January 3, 1939. CORDELL HULL. Department of State, SAVOY-PLAZA November 22, 1933. Overlooking Central Park FIFTH AVE., 58th to 59th Sts., NEW YORK

DR. FRANKLIN To the Joreign Service Officers (Continued from page 74) of the United States “to be found. He said that he found the English “papers full of misrepresentation in order to pre¬ ♦ sent emigration. I told him that 1 disapproved “of all such means, that if emigration could not be THE UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND GUAR¬ “prevented but at the expense of truth, it had better ANTY COMPANY puts at your disposal its serv¬ “take its course. He replied that it certainly might ice in writing your bond. Special attention “have some effect for a time but that, when people is given to the requirements of Foreign Serv¬ “were undeceived they would flock over in much “greater numbers. ice Officers. Our Washington office specializes “In speaking of American politics I mentioned in this service. “Dr. Jelb’s sentiments of the famous vote of the ♦ “House of Commons which put an end to the “American War that he disapproved of the terms of UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND “the resolution, which was on the face of it founded GUARANTY COMPANY “on our being the better able to combat France, & Lee H. Bowen, Manager “which therefore would not be very agreeable to “America. Certainly not, said he, I trust we shall 1415 K ST., N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. “never forget our obligations to France or prove “ungrateful. You are at so great a distance, said Telephone—National 0913 “I, from the European powers, that there does not “seem much probability of your quarrelling with Write for your copy of the "Insurance Guide." “any of them, unless on account of Canada or the “W. Indies. He said he hoped they would keep 108 “themselves out of European politics as much as “possible & that they should make a point of ad¬ hering to their treaties. This subject brought us WOODWARD & LOTHROP “to mention the treaty between England and Ameri- “ca, in which on the clause respecting the Loyal¬ 10th, 11th, F and G Streets ists being mentioned, l noticed Gen. Heath’s speech Washington, D. C., U. S. A. “where he distinguished between the Loyalist refu¬ gees & those who had fought in support of their “principles, & expressed his preference of the latter. "A Store Worthy of the Nation’s Capital” “Dr. F. allowed the distinction to be material. He “said that he believed the people of America had “lately been irritated against them, on account of “the non-evacuation of New York. “In the course of this conversation I mentioned “the shameful neglect of treaties which so much “prevailed at present — the great injustice of sevl. “of our own wars, & the triviality of the avowed “cause of others. I likewise mentioned Dr. Price’s “plan for a general peace in Europe. He observed “that nothing could be more disgraceful than the “scandalous inattention to treaties, which appeared “in almost every manifesto, & that he thought the “world would grow wiser & wars become less fre¬ quent. But he observed that the plans which he “had seen for this purpose were, in general, im¬ practicable in this respect; viz — that they sup¬ posed a general agreement among the sovereigns “of Europe to send delegates to a particular place. $1-15 “Now though two or three of them might be willing “to come into this measure, it is improbable and In Flattering “next to impossible that all or even a majority of “them would do it. But, said he, if they would have New Spring Shades “patience, I think they might accomplish it some- “way in this manner — . Two or three sovereigns No matter where in the world you are— “might agree upon an alliance against all agressors, you can count on the consistent good “& agree to refer all disputes between each other quality of these favorite silk chiffon stock¬ “to some third person, or set of men or power -— ings. Look for the numeral on every pair “Other nations seeing the advantage of this would “gradually accede, and perhaps in 150 or 200 years —for each number has a special meaning “all Europe would be included. 1 will however, of its own. “continued he, mention one plan to you, which came “to me in rather an extraordinary manner, and For formal wear— “which seems to me to contain some very sensible Number 2, a filmy two-thread “remarks. In the course of last year, a man, very “shabbily dressed, all his dress together was not For semi-formals— “worth 5 shillings, came and desired to see me — Number 3, a sheer three-thread “he was admitted & on asking his business, he told

“me that he had walked from one of the remotest For hard, walking wear— “provinces in France for the purpose of seeing me “and shewing me a plan which he had formed for Number 4, a sturdy four-thread “a universal & perpetual peace. I took his plan “and read it and found it to contain much good “sense. I desired him to print it. He said he had Address your communications to Mrs. Marion “no money, so I printed it for him — he took as Tolson, Woodward & Lothrop, Washington, “many copies as he wished for and gave several D. C., U. S. A. “away — hut no notice whatever was taken of it.

109 JHE /^ME RICAN pOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL

“He then went into a closet and brought a copy of him. But tonight I shall not enter into the prob¬ “this plan, which he gave me - - I took the liberty lems between our nations which cry aloud for solu¬ “to remind him of his list of hooks, which he prom¬ tion. In fact, I have a sort of tacit ‘Gentlemen’s ised not to forget saying the Abbe was now with Agreement’ with Viscount Ishii that politics tonight “Lord Shelburne in Holland will be left out of the picture. They hang heavily “N.B. He this day expressed his opinion that in enough on our hands at other times. But I hope “England the executive power might be maintained that Mr. Horinouchi will take heart in the old “without all the expense which at present seems to adage that a pessimist is one who sees a difficulty “he esteemed so necessary for its establishment. in every opportunity while an optimist sees an op¬ “In going home had a dispute with a coachman, portunity in every difficulty. 1 believe that Mr. “went with him to a Commissaire, who settled our Horinouchi is an optimist and that he must recog¬ “dispute and ordered that he could drive me home nize the really tremendous opportunities for con¬ “— he refused — and left me standing in the structive, I hope for permanently constructive, work “Commissaire’’s porte cocker. that await him and his wife, who has the affection of all of us, across the water. He will find me, at “The Commissaire bid me get him arrested by the other end of the line, ready and eager to co¬ “the guet or guard, but he was gone too far. I operate. I feel sure that unlike the American lady “walked home, but was wet through. Went in the who recently chained herself to a Japanese cherry “evening to see Moliere’s Ecole des femmes ill “acted . . .”

MR. CREW’S ADDRESS (Continued from page 79)

Horinouchi is to be the Japanese Ambassadress. “I wish immediately to express the greatest sym¬ pathy on behalf of this Society and of myself for Ambassador Saito in his unfortunate stale of health which makes it imperative for him to have a re¬ lease from his arduous duties. Those duties, for the tree in Potomac Park as protest against their re¬ past few years, have been anything but simple or ported removal, Mr. Horinouchi will be called easy; they have involved a constant strain. 1 know upon for no such drastic action, which perhaps just a little about that myself. But let us all ex¬ wouldn’t be very diplomatic anyway. In fact the press the hope, and send an expression of this hope press reports, although I have not yet received con¬ to Mr. Saito, that his illness will be soon a thing firmation, that the few cherry trees to be removed of the past and that with a period of well-earned are to be replaced by a thousand new ones, and rest he will find complete recovery and be ready that the President, on hearing of the ladies’ delega¬ once more to devote his outstanding abilities in tion of protest, remarked that while the chained some important capacity in the service of his nation. lady would also probably have to be transplanted temporarily, he himself loved those cherry trees “To return to my train of thought about ambas¬ more than anyone else in the world. sadors, I do not for a moment wish to embarrass Mr. Horinouchi by any fulsome praise, but I am “If any inspiration is needed by the Horinouchis sure that I shall be expressing the thoughts of all in taking up their new task, may they find it in of us here tonight in saying that I know of no one abundant measure in the earnest and hearty good who is better equipped in personality and ability, wishes of this Society. in clear perception and in sound judgment, in fair¬ “I have been speaking as I feel. But now it is ness of mind and in warmth of heart, to go across fitting that this evening there be a Japanese spokes¬ the ocean to America and there to act as interpre¬ man to bid farewell to the Horinouchis. None ter between our respective Governments and coun¬ could he more appropriate than Viscount Ishii, who tries and peoples, one to the other. has been forty-eight years a diplomat of outstand¬ “I should be guilty of deceit, which so often is ing service to his nation and whose distinguished foolishly ascribed to the diplomatic profession, were career included the very post to which Mr. Hori¬ 1 to paint in rosy shades the task which lies before nouchi is going. Viscount Ishii.” 110 ^Through its world-wide organization of assembly plants, sales offices, distributors and dealers, General Motors is in a unique posi¬ tion to facilitate delivery and subsequent ser¬ vice on its products in any part of the world.

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ill IN MEMORIAM

With deep regret, the JOURNAL records the deaths of: Edward Abbott van Dyck, on November 11, 1938, in Cairo, at the age of 92. Mr. van Dyck was Consular Clerk at Cairo from 1873 to 1882, during which period he was author of “Capitula¬ tions of the Ottoman Empire” (1881) which re¬ This winter cruise to the West Indies aboard mains a recognized authority on this subject. He a snowy, white liner. Fascinating shipboard served in 1884 during the British expedition for activities and shore excursions—deck-sports, the relief of Khartoum; and until his retirement open air pool—outside stateroom—magnifi¬ in 1914 he was connected with the Egyptian Gov¬ cent meals—fine orchestra—sound movies. ernment's Law Schools at Cairo. Cruises from New York Jordan Herbert Stabler, former Foreign Service . EVERY SATURDAY to colorful Costa Rica, with 2 calls at Havana and a visit to the Panama Officer, on December 30, 1938, in Paris. He was Canal Zone 15 Days . . $210 up. attended by his wife and a son, Wells Stabler. . EVERY WEDNESDAY to Puerto Colombia (Barranquilla) and Cartagena, Colombia, S. A., According to the New York Times of December with 2 calls at Kingston, Jamaica, B. VV. I., and a visit to the Panama Canal Zone. 31, from 1927 until last year Mr. Stabler was a 15 Days . . $210 up. representative of the Venezuela Gulf Oil Corpora¬ Ask about our special Guatemala Tours tion in Caracas, Venezuela. He was a fellow of with fascinating calls enroute. the British Royal Geographical Society. In 1930 Other guest cruises from Philadelphia and New Orleans. he published “Bolivar—In Memoriam,” and edited “Fragments From an XVIII Century Diary” and "The Travels and Adventures of Don Francisco de Miranda.” Apply any Authorized Travel Agent or UNITED FRUIT COMPANY, Pier 3, N.R., New York City. FLAVIUS J. CHAPMAN George Atcheson, Jr., Second Secretary at Peip¬ ing, China, has sent the following excerpts from a letter written by a foreign colleague of Mr. Chap¬ man, whose death was reported on page 146 of the JOURNAL for December, 1938. The letter pays tribute to Mr. Chapman’s unselfishness, courage and devotion to his work while stationed in an area under attack and during continuous illness in the last months of his life. “The inside of the small city, not far from the quarter in which he had his residence, had been badly bombed on two occasions. There had been numerous casualties among the congested popula¬ tion and everyone was living from day to day under continuous strain. I sensed this as soon as I arrived and realized it more vividly when aero¬ planes (lew over the town a few days later. I was a guest in Mr. Chapman’s house. He was obviously in poor health, with recurrent pain and what with this and the constant menace from aeroplanes and, in his administrative duties, diffi¬ culties of an unusual character it was only to be expected that his general condition would de¬ teriorate. I fell ill and for the next two or three weeks was unable to leave the upper room in his house. During this period I came to appre¬ ciate even more fully how unsparingly he poured out his solicitude and did every possible thing 112 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL for anyone he thought he could help. Because I was too ill to leave the house he stayed at my bedside whenever aeroplanes came, instead of taking shelter in a dug-out some distance away, and disregarded my own request to be left alone. He prepared special food for me with his own hands. He thought of himself last of all, and often went without needed food or sleep because some Chinese subordinate had to be protected or helped. When I left he came down to the river bank to ensure that my small native boat PARENTS r was comfortably set up. He was in great dis¬ YOU can give your child a superior comfort that early morning but rejected my ad¬ education from kindergarten up to vice to rest at home. I last saw him as a re¬ high school . . . while traveling and liv¬ ceding figure in white, waving his sun hat. and ing abroad . . . with the world-famous taking pictures with his newest camera, then Calvert School Home Instruction Courses. turning to talk to a Chinese friend who had re¬ Used successfully for 30 years to educate cently gone through a period of distress.” the children of American Foreign Service officials, Army and Navy officers, mission¬ FORTY-NINE YEARS IN THE CONSULAR aries and world travelers. SERVICE Write today for your copy of We regret to re¬ the new Calvert School Catalog. port the death on November 30, CALVERT SCHOOL 1938, of Mr. Ru¬ 131 E. TUSCANY ROAD BALTIMORE, MD. dolph Frieke, who entered the Service on the 1st of Oc¬ tober, 1889, at the American Consu¬ I 1 late in Barmen, Germany. On the 1st of July, 1893, TURNER’S Mr. F r i c k e was transferred to the American Consu¬ Diplomatic School late at L e i p z i g, where, on Novem¬ ■* A fully equipped and fully ber 18, 1893, he staffed institution exclusively Rudolph Frirku was appointed Deputy Consul. On devoted to preparation for the the l 8th of June, 1911, Mr. Frieke wras appointed Foreign Service examinations. American Vice Consul at Leipzig. When the Next course begins on Monday, Leipzig Consulate was closed in April, 1917, for the period of the War, Mr. Frieke remained in January 30, 1939. charge of the records and archives until the re¬ College education a pre-requi¬ opening of this office on December 10, 1921, from site to registration. which lime until about a w'eek before his death he has been serving as a clerk in the Consulate. For further information and During these forty-nine years Mr. Frieke served bulletin, address: under nine American Consuls in charge at Leipzig. He was highly respected for his integrity, ability COL. CAMPBELL TURNER and trustworthiness, and his social charm made for 1774 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N. W. him a large circle of friends. WASHINGTON, D. C. RALPH C. BUSSER.

113 BOOKSHELF (Continued from page 92) Outstanding demn Mr. Asquith and Lord Grey for negotiating the Treaty of London of 1915 promising terri¬ Foreign Banking Facilities torial concessions in return for Italy’s entry into the War. He says that he has no recollection The foreign banking organization of The that the details of the agreement were ever given Chase National Bank includes branches to the British Cabinet and he frankly confesses and representatives on three continents that at the time he and his colleagues were “only supplemented by thousandsof correspon¬ too well pleased” with the adhesion of another dents. Branches are located in London, all\ to scrutinize too closely the proposed terri¬ torial readjustments which were the conditions of Havana, Panama, Cristobal, and San the bargain. “War plays havoc with refinements Juan. In addition, the bank maintains of conscience” (p. 765). When the time came to offices for its representatives in Rome, carry out the bargain, some of its terms almost Berlin and Mexico City. Through an caused a rupture amongst the victors and. judg¬ affiliate, The Chase Bank, branches are ing from events of recent weeks, the difficulties operated in Paris, Shanghai, Hongkong to which they gave rise may not yet be at an end. Lloyd George uses little restraint in criticizing and Tientsin. his colleagues at the Peace Conference. While THE asserting his fondness for Wilson he says there were “lumps of pure unmixed clay here and there CHASE NATIONAL BANK amidst the gold” in every part of the President’s character (p. 229). Wilson was “an extraordinary OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK mixture of real greatness thwarted by much little¬ Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ness’ fp. 241). Clemenceau was “the wily old politician. As to Poincare the author quotes Clemenceau as saying that Poincare meant point carre. Lloyd George adds: “I now accept fully Clemenceau’s and Wilson’s estimate of him” (p. 251). Benes was the “impulsive,” “clever,” but “short-sighted politician who did not foresee that the more he grasped, the less could he retain” Ip. 942). The author pays a magnificent tribute to the work of Sir Maurice Hankey (now Lord Hankey, “the man with a million secrets”) as Secretary of the British Peace Delegation who was treated as the real Secretary of the Conference, and who became the sole Secretary of the Coun¬ cil of Four. The accusation which Lloyd George levies against Poincare is indeed a heavy one: “He was bent on keeping Germany down. He was more responsible than any other man for the refusal of France to implement the disar¬ mament provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. He stimulated and subsidized the armaments of Poland and Czechoslovakia which created such a ferment of uneasiness in disarmed Germany. He encouraged insurrection in the Rhineland against the authority of the Reich. He intrigued with the aid of anti-German elements in Britain to thwart every effort in the direction of re¬ storing goodwill in Europe and he completely baffled Briand’s endeavour in that direction. He is the true creator of modern Germany with 114 its great and growing armaments, and should this end in another conflict the castastrophe will have been engineered by Poincare. His TODAY IT’S STILL dead hand lies heavy on Europe today” (p. 252). As one of the authors of the Treaty of Peace Lloyd George protests against its being judged on the subsequent abuse of its provisions by some The First of the nations who dictated its terms. The fault, he insists, lies with those who violated their sol¬ emn contracts by taking advantage of their tem¬ porary superiority to deny justice to those w'ho were, for the time being, helpless to exact it. “It Service Of is not fair to charge the authors of the Treaties with these abuses or their consequences” (p. 6). After all, he concludes, “No treaty can guarantee humanity from universal perfidy” (p. 1,413). ROBERT B. STEWART. Its Kind! BIRTHS A son, Francis Ridgway, Jr., was horn in Phila¬ delphia on December 23, 1938, to Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Lineaweaver. Mr. Lineaweaver is Vice Con¬ sul at Habana. A daughter, Elizabeth Barbara, was born on November 23, 1938, to Mr. and Mrs. Gerald War¬ The first complete lubrica¬ ner in Taihoku, Japan, where Mr. Warner is Con¬ tion service ever offered is preferred today in leading sul. plants of more than 100 industries because it's MARRIAGE BACKED BY 72 YEARS OF Estes-Forsstedt. Miss Dorothy Forsstedt and LUBRICATION EXPERIENCE Mr. Thomas Stuart Estes, Vice Consul at Bangkok, we re married on December 4, 1938. HTHE MAKERS of Gargoyle Industrial DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHANGES Lubricants were the first to recognize Officers who have recently arrived in Washing¬ that “Correct Lubrication” meant more ton for triennial leave include the following: T. 0. than just good oil . . . the first to establish a Klath, Commercial Attache. Warsaw ; Howard H. Tewksbury, Commercial Attache, Guatemala; J. special engineering staff to work with plant Bartlett Richards, Trade Commissioner, Manila; men on individual problems... to help them and George Lewis Jones, Jr., Assistant Commercial apply oils in the right way! Attache, Athens. Today, Socony- V acuum’s Engineering Serv- Commercial Attaches Tewksbury, of Guatemala, iceis by far the most popular in the oil industry! and Glover, of Panama, were selected to represent It’s popular because it’s practical! Based the Department of Commerce at the conference of Foreign Service Officers, arranged by the Depart¬ on Socony-Vacuum’s 72 years’ experience, ment of State at Panama the latter part of No¬ it has proved time and time again that it vember. A similar conference was held early in helps cut costs and increase plant efficiency. January in Lima, Peru. Merwin L. Bohan, and Julian Greenup, Commercial Attaches at Santiago and Lima, respectively, represented the Department of Commerce at that meeting. Bohan proceeded on to Washington for triennial leave at the con¬ clusion of the conference. Daniel J. Reagan, who has been serving as tem¬ porary head of the office in Paris, has been ap¬ pointed Commercial Attache at that post. S0C0NY-VACUUM 0ILC0.,Inc. 115 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL

EDITORS’ COLUMN HARRIMAN SCHOLARSHIP (Continued from page 82) (Continued from page 81) office shall become a center of information on stituting the scholarship provides that in the selec¬ “extra-curricular” matters, such as hotels, shops, tion of recipients the Advisory Committee shall social affairs and activities of general interest be governed by the following rules and regula¬ in Washington. The Secretary of the JOURNAL tions: is at all times glad to discuss with visiting officers “(a) The recipients shall be selected from any or all of those questions. among the children of persons w'ho are then or Another suggestion of the author of the let¬ shall heretofore have been Foreign Service Officers ter to which we refer, that the “austere” Room of the United States; and the moneys paid to a 121 (the waiting room) be attractively furnished recipient from the income of the trust fund shall from funds derived from a small assessment on be used by the recipient in paying his or her ex¬ all members of the Association and converted into pense at such American university, college, semi¬ an “Association Club Room” in which both visit¬ nary, conservatory, professional, scientific or other ing officers and those in the Department may con¬ school as may be selected by the recipient. gregate to smoke and chat together in¬ “(b) The scholarship may be award¬ formally and in comfort, would appear ed to a single recipient or may be di¬ to be an eminently appealing one. The vided among two or more recipients Association and the JOURNAL would be in such proportions as the Advisory happy to have the reactions of other Committee shall determine. officers to this proposal and, if the re¬ “(c) The candidates for the award actions are sufficiently favorable and I of the scholarship shall apply there¬ sufficiently numerous, to take steps [ for in writing to the Advisory Com¬ toward the establishment of this Club J mittee at such times and at such place Room. There seems good reason to be¬ as may be designated by it on or be¬ lieve that such a room might, if it were fore May I in each year. Such appli¬ habitually utilized by visiting officers cations shalls be accompanied by let¬ and by those assigned to the Depart¬ ters from the parent or guardian of ment, go far toward offering the former the warmer the candidate and by such other data or informa¬ welcome which they deserve while at the same time tion as from time to time may be required by the making it possible for the latter to keep in more Advisory Committee. Each application shall be intimate touch with the field than is possible through made in duplicate. the colder channels of official correspondence. “(d) Each candidate shall submit evidence that his or her school experience covers the work re¬ LETTERS quired for admission to the American educational institution selected by him or her. (Continued from page 77) is well taken up, and attempts at humor for our “(e) No payments from the income of the trust entertainment would not be a necessary part of fund shall be made to a recipient until the re¬ this sheet. At odd times in the past Foreign Serv¬ cipient shall have been finally admitted to the university or other institution which he or she ice Officers have occasionally inserted in the FOR¬ EIGN SERVICE JOURNAL items relative to how they may desire to enter and payments of such income efficiently handled some item of consular detail. to any recipient shall continue only so long as the Such items have been most helpful. Advisory Committee shall direct.” Should the State Department clerks in Washing¬ The Advisory Committee is at present consti¬ ton issue a similar sheet, subscription to same tuted as follows: The Honorable Sumner Welles, could be optional among the foreign clerks. Chairman; Mr. Elliott Debevoise, Manufacturers The FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL has too large Trust Company; Mr. A. B. Fisk, Manufacturers and far reaching a subscription list and its space Trust Company, and the Honorable George S. is too expensive to be cluttered up with the little Messersmith. intimate things we would like to know, which could be handled best on a monthly mimeographed SUMNER WELLES, sheet of “Items of Interest to Foreign Service Clerks.” Chairman Advisory Committee, FRANCES D. BRYANT, Oliver Bishop Harriman Foreign Service Callao-Lima, Peru. Scholarship. 116 Photo Courtesy National Aeronautics

BEAUTIFUL illustration Faultlessly reproduced requires a printing plate perfect in every _ G detail. We submit this as an example of the skill and experience of our craftsmen. SOUTHERN EMBAYING (0. «• ~ - WASHINGTON, D. C

117 NEWS FROM FIELD Muhammad Sa’id’s accession, therefore, was to fore¬ (Continued from page 87) see the realization of his dreams about the canal. To think was to act. In a very short time De with him the sound principles of his country Lesseps was in Alexandria enlisting adherents to wherever he has gone—principles associated with his scheme and ascertaining the prospect of obtain¬ the kirk and the school. And here I cannot resist ing the influence and support of the Viceroy. the temptation of repeating the story of the elderly Among the officials in immediate attendance on lady and the sexton which I heard many years ago. Muhammad Sa’id was one Zulficar Pasha, and it This lady had not been to the village kirk for a was arranged during a military expedition in which long time because of her deafness. Finally she re¬ De Lesseps had joined the Viceroy that Zulficar ceived an ear trumpet from Glasgow and the fol¬ should give him the hint when to broach the subject lowing Sunday, with ear trumpet in hand, she to the Viceroy. Here is how De Lesseps described proudly entered the kirk and took a seat on the the occasion front pew. The sexton, who was new, watched her “Two months passed, and on the day named, walk down the aisle with her ear trumpet. He November 30, 1854, I presented myself at the tent straightened up, buttoned up his coat and with of the Viceroy, placed on an eminence surrounded great dignity walked down the aisle after her. by a wall of rough stones, forming a little fortifica¬ Sternly he looked at her and her ear trumpet and tion with embrasures for cannon. 1 had remarked shaking his finger cried ‘One toot and yer oot.’ that there was a place where one could leap with “Your guests hope that none of their hosts will a horse over the parapet, there being a terrace ever meet with the sad accident that befell Sandy. outside on which the horse had chance of a foot¬ It was a cold, cold day and a prosperous friend ing. The Viceroy welcomed my project, and re¬ made Sandy a present of a fine woolly cap which quested me to go to my tent to prepare a report came well down over his ears. Sandy was, of course, for him, which he permitted me to bring him. His delighted. However, a few days later the friend councillors and generals were around him. I vault¬ noticed that Sandy was not wearing his new cap, ed on my horse, which leaped the parapet, galloped although it was still hitter cold, and so the follow¬ down the slope, and then brought me back to the ing conversation occurred: ‘Sandy, me lad. you do enclosure, when I had taken the time necessary to na’ wear your cap.’ Sandy, ‘Did ye na’ hear of the draw up the report, which had been ready for turrible accident? Yesterday McGregor asked me several years. The whole question was clearly set to ha’ a drink and I didna’ hear him.’ forth in a page and a half; and when the Prince “With grateful hearts your guests do thank you. himself had read it to his followers, accompanying “And your patron saint. St. Andrew.” it with a translation in Turkish, and had asked their advice, he received the unanimous answer that the ALEXANDRIA proposal of the guest, whose friendship for the The following news item has been received from family of Muhammad ’Aly was known, could not C. Paul Fletcher, from the “Egyptian Gazette” of be otherwise than favourable, and that it was de¬ December 7, 1938: sirable to accept. The concession was immediately His Own Account granted. The word of Muhammad Sa’id was as Much talk has been heard lately about the film good as a contract. On arriving at Cairo, he re¬ “Suez” and its inaccuracies. So, today, being the ceived in front of the Citadel the representatives 44th anniversary of the death of De Lesseps, is not of the different governments, who came to con¬ a bad occasion to reproduce the account actually gratulate him on his accession to the Viceroyalty. given by the famous Frenchman himself of the Fie then said to the Consul-General of America, “I circumstances under which he finally received per¬ shall queen the pawn against you Americans. mission for his Suez Canal scheme. “The Isthmus of Suez will be pierced before De Lesseps was on the roof of his house at La yours.” Chenaie in 1854, engaged in superintending the work of some tradesman, when a newspaper was handed to him containing news of the accession as PRESS COMMENT Viceroy in Egypt of Muhammad Sa’id Pasha, son (Continued from page 81) of Muhammad ’Aly, in succession to ’Abbas Pasha. of some 30 volumes. And from the Government Many years before, De Lesseps pere had been presses there steadily pours forth a vast number brought into contact with Muhammad ’Aly and a of miscellaneous Department of State publications, friendship had sprung up between their sons. This all of them of interest to all those anxious to keep friendship between Muhammad Sa’id and De Les¬ informed in the increasingly vital field of Ameri¬ seps had been renewed in later life. To read of can foreign policy.—IVnshington Post, January 4. 118 piE AMERICAN pOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL DIRECTORY OF SELECTIVE FIRMS ABROAD

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• FRANCE • ITALY HOTEL CONTINENTAL Hotel Palazzo-Ambasciatori, Rome Dominating Tuileries Gardens (OPPOSITE THE AMERICAN EMBASSY) (Special Reduced Rates for Diplomats) 3 RUE CASTIGLIONE, PARIS This hotel Is unrivalled for its Palatial Beauty, located in the exclusive section of Rome, and near the Pincio Gardens S. PLANTADE, General Manager RENOWNED FOR ITS FINE CUISINE Reductions are accorded to Officers of the RESTAURANT :: AMERICAN BAR :: GRILL ROOM American Foreign Service P. T. GALANTE, Gen. Manager

119 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL

CRUISE OF THE U.S.S. BOISE tion from Consul Corrigan, at Durban, that an American nine would find an enthusiastic wel¬ (Continued from page 70) come and a game in that city was next on the tion and dance at the City Hall for the colored schedule. sailors of the Boise. For the petty officers, a After traveling for three days on the train, the smoker was given by the South African Army at Boise team met the Natal players at Durban in a the Non-Commissioned Officers’ Mess at Wynberg. duel that appeared to be on even terms until the Numerous private parties were given as well, and eighth inning. The “Boise Boys” then went on a members of the crew not only found the homes hitting spree that brought in four runs, and the of many Capetown residents open to them, but game ended in their favor, 6 to 3. Father Timothy attracted widespread favorable comment by their O’Sullivan, formerly of Boston, captained and good behavior. Captain McCandlish gave several coached the Natal team, and as a result of the luncheons and dinners on board ship, and a fare¬ public interest aroused by this game a bright fu¬ well reception with dancing was held by the Cap¬ ture was predicted for America’s national game at tain and officers on Thanksgiving Day, the day Durban. before the vessel sailed for home. It was esti¬ The homeward voyage was marked by drills mated that at least 16,000 visitors inspected the and tests incident to a shakedown cruise. The ship while it was in port, and several hundred Boise is equipped with fifteen 6-inch guns in five watched from the pier the movies given on deck triple mounts and eight 5-inch anti-aircraft guns each night. in single mounts, all of which were tried out dur¬ The only person on the Boise to escape the fes¬ ing the course of the voyage. The ship also car¬ tivities at Capetown was the passenger from the ries four Curtiss observation-scout airplanes which State Department, who in the time allotted made a were launched from catapults when weather con¬ whirlwind tour of the Union of South Africa and ditions were favorable and recovered at sea. There Swaziland by rail, motor and air. was, besides, much activity of a routine character, The “Boys from the Boise” distinguished them¬ such as runs at different speeds, to be gone through selves in several ways while their ship was at before the shakedown could be said to be complete. Capetown. A serious fire broke out at the docks, A lot of water lies between Capetown and Nor¬ in which five firemen died, and the sailors proved folk and it was broken by a glimpse of land only themselves to be real “visiting firemen” by help¬ twice for the Boise. On November 30 St. Helena ing to fight the flames. was sighted and its rocky coast skirted till the set¬ A pistol team from the Boise met and defeated tlement of Jamestown was visible on the north¬ a picked team from the South African Police by west side. St. Paul Rocks were seen later. a score of 1,523 to 1,409, while a team of rifle For the benefit of the Hydrographic Office at experts from the ship lost to the South African Washington, the Boise took soundings of the ocean Defense Force by the slim margin of 987 to 1,018. depths at certain spots remote from the usual In two baseball games, the ship’s team decisively steamship lanes. Partly for this reason the home¬ defeated players from Capetown and the combined ward voyage was almost over before a ship was Provinces, respectively. The first game was taken sighted. Fifteen days and a little more than 5,000 from the Capetowners by a score of 4 to 0, and miles out of Capetown the first steamer was the second from the provincial nine by 18 to 3. glimpsed, hull down. The Boise baseball squad, coached by Chief Elec¬ When Norfolk was reached, on December 14. trician H. S. Goshorn, had been specially re¬ nearly 15,000 miles had been recorded on the log cruited prior to leaving Norfolk from among the and the cruise from every standpoint was voted best players of the fleet, in response to a sugges¬ a complete success.

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