1950 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE 16159 By Mr. McCARTHY: port No. 3138; to the Committee on House MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT - H. R. 9848. A bill amending the Civil Serv­ Administration. ice Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as amend­ Messages in writing from the Presi­ ed; to the Committee on Post Office and dent of the United States submitting Civil Service. ·PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS nominations were communicated to the By Mr. BARRETT of Wyoming: Under clause ·1 of rule XXII, private Senate by Mr. Hawks, one of his ~ecre­ H. R. 9849. A bill granting the consent or· bills and resolutions were introduced and taries. Congress to the States of Idaho, Montana, severally referred as ·follows: Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Wyoming to negotiate and enter into a com­ By Mr. ALLEN of California: A message from the House of Repre­ pact for the disposHion, allocation, diversion, H. R. 9858. A blll fo'r the relief of Mr. and sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its· and apportionment of the waters of the Co­ Mrs. W. A. Kettlewell; to the Committee on the Judiciary. · reading clerks, announced that the House lumbia River and its tributaries, and for had passed a bill New York: H. R. 9851. A bill to amend title 28, United the appointment of a committee to at­ States Code, to require Federal grand and H. R. 9861. A bill for the relief of Ciro tend the general meeting of the ·com­ petit jurors to take an oath of a,Uegiance, and Panariello; to the Committee on the Judi­ monwealth Parliamentary Association for other purposes; to the Committee on ciary. to be held in Australia or New Zealand. By Mr. McCORMACK: the Judiciary. ENROLLED BILLS 'SIGNED By Mr. LEONARD W. HALL: H. R. 9862. A bill for the relief of Joseph H. R. 9852. A bill to amend part I- of the Saganich; to the Committee on the Judiciary. The message further announced that Interstate Commerce Act so as to exempt By Mr. WALSH: . the Speaker had affixed his signature to therefrom any railroad which operates H. R. 9863. A bill for the relief of Man Foon the following enrolled bills, and they wholly within a State 1f 95 percent or more Tow; to the Committee on the Judiciary. were signed by the President pro tem­ of its passenger revenues are derived from pore: intrastate "tra~portation of passengers; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign H. R. 483. An act to extend the time limit Commerce. within which certain suits in admiralty may By Mr. RICHARDS: SENATE be brought against the United States; and H. R. 9853. A bill to promote the foreign H. R. 2365. An act for · the relief of the policy and provide for the "defense and gen­ WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1950 city of Chester, Ill. · eral welfare of the United States by furnish­ ing emergen<;y relief assistance to Yugo­ (Legislative, day of Monday, November LEAVE OF ABSENCE slavia; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 27, 1950) . On his own request, and by unanimous By Mr. WHITTINGTON: consent,. Mr. CAIN was excused froni at­ H. R. 9854. A blll to amend the act entitled The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, tendance on the sessions .of the Senate "An act to provide better facilities . for the on th~ expiration of the recess. enforcement of the customs and immigra­ from the close of business December 14 tion laws," approved June 26, 1930, as The Chaplain, Rev. FreCierick Brown throu~h the remainder of 1950. amended; to the Committee on Public Harris, D. D., ottered the following MEETING OF COMMITTEE DURING Works. prayer: SENATE SESSIONS By Mr. FULTON: H. R. 9855. A bill to amend the act of July Eternal Spirit, hope of the souls that On request of Mr. CIIAVEZ, and by 6, 1945, as amended, so as to reduce the seek Thee, strength of the souls that find unanimous consent, a ·subcommittee of number of grades for the various positions Thee, pushed · a~d pressed by grave ques­ the Committee on Labor and Public under such act; and for other purposes; to tions and vexing problems we would bow, Welfare was authorized to meet during the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. first of all, at this daily altar dedicated the sessions of the Senate on Thursday By Mr. RHODES: to the far look. Before our eyes may and Friday of the present week. · tr. R. 9856. A bill amending section 3 of there tower those lofty and eternal veri­ CALL OF THE ROLL Public Law No. 134, Seventy-ninth Congress; ties that outlast the strident noises of to the Committee on Post Office and Civil any day. Mr. MAGNUSON. I suggest the ab­ Service. sence of a quorum. By Mr. HELLER: The world about us is full of wild com­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The H. R. 9857. A bill to grant certain benefits motion, the clamor of the violent, the Secretary will call the roll. provided for veterans of World War II to dark deeds of the ruthless and the agony The roll was called', and the following persons on active service with the Armed of uncounted hosts of Thy children, Senators answered to their names:· Forces during the m111tary, naval, and air haunted by nameless dread and ground operations against the forces of North Korea, Aiken Hill Morse · Anderson and for other purposes; to the Conim.ittee on in the oust of tyranny. We cannot ade­ Hoey Mundt quately face such a world and make our Brewster Holland Myers Veterans' Affairs. Bricker · Hunt Neely By Mr. BUCHANAN: · humble contribution to the healing of its Butler Ives Nixon H. Con. Res. · 292. Concurrent resolution tangled, tragic state unless our·faith iri Byrd Johnson, Tex. O'Conor authorizing the printing of additional copies Thy power to make even the wrath of Cain Johnston, S. C. O'Mahoney of House Report No. 3137; to the Committee Capehart Kefauver Pepper man praise Thee and in the ultimate vic­ Chapman Kem Robertson on House Administration. tory of Thy purpose is kept untarnished. Chavez Kerr Russell H. Con. Res. 293. Concurrent resolution Clements Kilgore Saltonstall authorizing the printing of additional copies "Lord, in this hour or' tumult, Connally Knowland Schoeppel of hearings held before the Select Com­ Lord, in this night of fears; Cordon Langer Smith, Maine mittee on Lobbying Activities; to the Com­ Donnell Leahy Smith, N. J. mittee· on House Administration. Keep open, 0 keep open, Douglas Lehman Smith, N. C. By Mr. LARCADE: Our eyes, our hearts, our ears." Dworshak Long Stennis Eastland Lucas Taft· H. Res. 873. Resolution providing for the ·We ask it in the dear Redeemer's name. Ecton McCarran Taylor payment of certain additional charges for Amen. Ellender McCarthy Thomas, Okla. telephone and telegraph service furnished Flanders McClellan Thomas, Utah Members of the House of Representatives THE JOURNAL Fulbright McFarland Thye during the fiscal year 1950; to the Committee George McKellar Tydings on House Administration. On request of Mr. MAGNUSON, and by Gillette McMahon Watkins unanimous consent, the reading of the Gurney Magnuson Wherry By Mr. BUCHANAN: Hayden Malone · Wiley H. Res. 875. Resolution authorizing the Journal of the proceedings of Tuesday, Hendrickson Maybank Williams - printing of additional copies of House Re- December 5, 1950, was dispensed with. Hickenlooper Millikin Young 16160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 6 Mr. ·MYERS. I announce that the were read and ordered to be filed, as essential for forest-fire-control operations of the Forest Service, United States Depart­ Senator from Connecticut [Mr. BENTON], follows: ment of Agriculture at or near Missoula, the .senator from Delaware [Mr. FREAR]. STATE OF UTAH, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. Mont., and for other purposes; to the Com­ and the Senator from Montana [Mr. To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE mittee on Agriculture and Forestry. MURRAY] are necessarily absent. UNITED STATES: . A letter in the naturtl of a petition from The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. This is to certify that on the 7th day of the League of Women Voters of the United November 1950, WALLACE F. BENNETT was States, Washington, D. C., signed by Mrs. GREEN] is absent by leave of the Senate John G. Lee, president, relating to increased on official business, having been ap­ duly chosen by the qualified electors of the State of Utah a Senator from said State to tax rates and credit regulations; to the Com­ pointed a delegate from the Senate to represent said State in the Senate of the mittee on Finance. attend the meeting of the Common­ United States for the term of 6 years begin­ A resolution adopted by the sixth annual wealth Parliamentary Association in ning on the 3d day of January 1951. conference of the Alaska Moose Association, Australia. Witness His Excellency our Governor, J. at Palmer, Alaska, favoring the enactment Bracken Lee, and our seal hereto affixed at of legislation to abolish fish traps in the Ter­ The Senator from Minnesota [Mr. Salt Lake City, this 28th day of November ritory of Alaska; to the Committee on Inter- HUMPHREY] is absent because of illness. A. D. 1950. state and Foreign Commerce. · The Senator from Colorado [Mr. J. BRACKEN LEE, A resolution adopted by the sixth annual JOHNSON] is absent on official business. Governor. conference of the Alaska Moose ·Association, By the Governor: at Palmer, Alaska, favoring the enactment of The Senator from Alabama [Mr. 0 [SEAL) HEBER ~ENNION, Jr., legislation granting statehood to Alaska; or­ SPARKMAN] is absent by leave of the Secretary of State. dered to lie on the table. Senate on official business as a represent­ The petition of Clarence P. Keating, of ative of the United States to the fifth TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINESS Seward, Alaska, praying for the enactment session of the General :Assembly of the Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I of legislation granting statehood to Alaska; United Nations. ask unanimous consent that Senators be ordered to lie on the table. Mr. WHERRY. I announce that the permitted to submit petitions and me­ REPORT OF A COMMITTEE Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. morials, introduce bills and joint reso­ Mr. NEELY, from the Committee on BRIDGES] is absent on official business. lutions, and present routine matters for the District of Columbia, to which was The Senator from Kansas [Mr. CARL­ the RECORD, without debate. referred ·the joint resolution

Total ______• ______• __ • ______1, 985, 139 2, 062, 900 2, 096, 821 +m, 682 $562, 653 $540, 227 $607, 170 +$44, 517

~. Agencies exclusive of National Military Establishment __ 1, 205, 739 . 1, 203, 470 1, 192, 826 -12, 913 347, 796 334, 178 354, 171 + 6, 375 2. National Military Establishment..------·-- 779, 400 859, 430 903, 995 +lf4, 595 214, 857 206, 049 252, 999 + as, 142 Within the National Military Establishment: · Office of the Secretary of Defense ______1, 759 1, 783 1, 821 +62 732 685 763 + 31 320, 964 367, 582 395, 849 +74,885 86, 760 78, 067 101, 897 +is, 137 DepB:~:~~::~~artment of~~ the~~: firlrorc0=====:::::::::::::::::::Navy______156, 737 168, 128 173, 422 +16,685 43, 644 42, 341 50. 900 +7,256 299, 940 321, 937 332, 903 +32, 963 83, 721 84, 956 99, 439 +15, 718 '1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16161

TABLE I:-Consolid'!'ted table of Federal personnel inside and outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during the period July through September 1950 and comparison of July and September and pay for period June through August 1950 and comparison of June and August ·

Pay (in thousands of dollars) Personnel

Department or agency Comparison of Comparison of June July August Jyne and August lfuly August September July and· September Increase Decrease Increase Decrease

Executive departments (except National Military Establishment): Agriculture_ -______--______~ ______$23, 261 $22, 397 $24, 799 $1, 538 ------85, 464 84, 923 78, 607 6, 857 Commerce 1 2______---·-·------19, 089 16, 401 18, 389 ------$700 56, 169 57, 447 56, 330 161 ------g;924 Interior------118, 778 18, 728 20, 091 1, 313 ------65, 551 64, 733 61, 627 ------Justice ____ _------9,450 3 9,443 10, 049 599 ------26, 717 26, 683 26, 613 ------104 Labor ______------2, 180 1, 993 2, 035 ------145 6,033 6,070 6, 151 118 ----·--a;a28 Post Office ____ ------131, 202 129, 805 130, 360 ------842 495, 888 493, 765 492, 560 ------State ______------8,216 7, 992 7, 592 24,326 24, 314 24, 720 394 ------Treasury____ ------29, 790 26, 970 31, 317 ------1,-527------~~- 87, 586 86, 827 86, 734 ------852 ExecutiveWhite OfficeHouse of Office the President: ______143 149 162 19 ------327 341 345 18 Bureau of the Budget _____ ------266 247 273 7 521 518 513 ------8 Executive Mansion and Grounds ______17 16 20 3 68 64 64 ------4 National Security Council'------9 7 11 2 17 16 16 -·------National Security Resources Board ______177 178 222 45 369 384 431 ------62 ...... Council of Economic Advisers ______20 22 23 3 35 37 36 1 Commi~sion on Renovation,of the Executive ----·------Mansion ______------2 Postwar agencies: ------Displaced Persons Commission ______97 98 104 7 ------. 262 283 289 27 ------Economic Cooperation Administration ______1, 688 1, 580 1, 641 ------47 4, 663 4, 684 4, 725 62 ------Motor Carrier Claims Commission ______11 12 11 20 18 18 Office of the Housing Expediter ______------2 920 909 956 36 ------2, 579 • 2, 510 2, 501 ------78 Philippine Alien Property Adm~ni~tration ___ _ 45 8 9 ------36 57 55 56 ------1 Philippine War Damage Comm1ss1on ______326 178 147 179 506 483 464 ------42 War Claims Commission ______3 92 40 8 32 25 15 99 100 1 ------Independent agencies: . . American Battle Monuments Comm1ss10n __ _ 57 57 60 3 ------497 504 555 58 ------Atomic Energy Commission------1, 969 1, 881 2, 103 5,052 5,052 5,035 Civil Aeronautics Board______134 ------17 265 243 290 25 ------620 616 593 ------27 Civil Service Commission_------­ 1,218 1,092 1,203 ------1 ______._____ 15 _ 3, 404 3,420 3, 442 38 ------Export-Import Bank of Washington -~------65 61 66 129 126 126 ------3 Federal Communications Commission ______538 534 503 1, 276 1, 250 1, 234 ------42 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ______402 383 421 ------i9------~~- 1, 067 1,078 1,077 10 -----~------Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service __ 188 178 194 6 ------327 326 324 ------3 Federal Power Commission ___ ------311 293 323 12 ------~- 738 722 717 ------21 Federal Security Agency 6______9,051 10, 206 32, 970 33, 048 33, 676 Federal Trade Commission ______.______• 10, 227 ------21 706 ------304 280 315 11 ------646 632 626 ------20 · General Accounting Office ______.____ _ 2,869 2, 585 2,800 7, 805 7, 791 7, 800 General Services Administration ______------69 ------5 6,028 6,548 7,266 1, 2:IB ------26,095 26, 150 26, 142 47 ------j Government Printing Office ______2, 524 2, 537 2, 795 271 ------7, 115 7, 116 7, 115 Housing and Home Finance Agency a__ ------4,801 4, 778 4,887 86 ------13, 673 13, 580 14, 344 ------67i- ::=::::::::: ! Indian Claims Commission ______7 7 7 10 10 10 Interstate Commerce Commission ______860 802 877 ------17- ======:::: 2,087 2,075 2,052 35 National Advisory Committee for Aero· nautiCS------2,486 2,360 2, 593 107 7, 446 7, 456 7, 340 ------. 106 National Capital Housing Authoriti'------­ 87 82 89 2 316 316 318 2 ------National Capital Park and Planmng Com- 7 19 3 N!J~~~fcapftai-sesquicentemiiai-(fommiS:- 4 ------21 18 ------sion __ ------24 54 55 31 ------233 235 203 ------·------30 National Gallery of ArL----· ------87 82 89 2 331 322 302 ------29 National Labor Relations Board______591 504 549 42 1, 362 1, 356 1, 395 33 ------National Mediation Board------68 66 63 5 128 129 124 ------4 Panama CanaL_ ------3, 554 3, 240 3,008 19, 823 19, 977 20, 377 554 ------Railroad Retirement Board______705 674 725 ------20------~~~- 2, 297 2, 240 2,200 ------97 Reconstruction Finance Corporation 6------1, 899 1, 788 l, 942 43 4,600 4,584 3,603 ------997 Securities and Exchange Commission ------442 426 463 21 1,005 1,002 1,000 ------5 Selective Service System______512 733 1, 324 812 5,037 6, 166 6,524 1, 487 ------Smithsonian Institution------192 184 200 8 554 ' 545 538 ------16 Tariff Commission_ ------110 100 103 ------7 218 217 214 ------4 Tax Court of the United States______65 56 121 122 121 Tennessee Valley Authority______4, 229 3, 942 4, 5~~ ------313------~~- 14,006 14, 152 14, 387 ------38i- :::: ~ ::::::: Veterans' Administration______54, 382 51, 289 55, 647 . 1, 265 187, 468 186, 150 185, 654 ------1, 814 Soldiers' Home ______------. 3114 165 165 ------3 734 735 735 ------Total, excluding National Military Estab- l-----l-----·i-----l·----· l -----1·-----1-----1-----1----- 1 ---~:..:. lishment______347, 796 334, 178 354, 171 Q, 715 3, 340 1, 205, 739 1, 203, 470 1, 192, 826 5, 566 18, 479 Net change, excluding National Military EstablishmenL------6, 375 ------12, 913 1======1======1======1======1======1:::;:======1======1======1======1======National Military Establishment: · Office of the Secretary of Defense 7______732 685 763 31 ------1, 759 1, 783 1, 821 62 ------Department of the Army: Inside continental United States ______75, 738 168, 926 91, 596 15, 858 281, 494 8 326, 980 354, 086 72, 592 Outside continental United States __ -----­ 11, 022 39,141 10, 301 721 39, 470 8 40, 602 41, 763 2, 293 Department of the Air Force: Inside continental United States______38, 995 37, 956 46, 028 7, 033 ------133, 513 144, 110 14Q, 030 15, 517 Outside continental United States______4, 649 4, 385 4, 87 2 223 ------23, 224 24, 018 24, 392 1, 168 Department of the Navy: Inside continental United States______78, 206 79, 451 92, 953 14, 747 ------277, 665 298, 633 309, 274 31, 609 ------Outside continental United States ______5...:.,_5_15_ ___5-',_5_05_ ___-'6, _4_86_ .___ 9_7_1 __--_-_------_--_ ___22,.:..__ 275 __23,_:... 304 __ ___23,..:..__ 629 ___1..:..,_354_ ~-:..:.-.:..--:.:-.=.-:.:--:..:.- .:..--:..:.- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total, National Military Establish- ment______------214, 857 206,049 252, 999 38, 863 721 779, 400 859, 430 903, 995 124, 595 Net increase, National Military Establishment______------_____ ----- __ ----______---- ______38,·142 ------124, 595 Grand total, including National Mili- 48, 578 1==4=,=06=l=l==l,==9=85=, =13=9=l==2,==0=62=, =90=0=l==2,=0=96=,=82=1=. l==1=30=,=16=1 1=~1-8,-47~9 tary Establishment_ ___ ------562, 653 540, 227 607, 170 Net increase, including National Mili- tary Establishment______------44, 517 ------·------111, 682 I I

1 Includes temporary employees (enumerators, supervisors, and clerks) engaged in a 921 employees of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation transferred Sept. 7, 1950, taking the seventeenth decennial census as follows: July, 8,403; August, 2,169; Septem· to the Housing and Home Finance Agency in accordance with Reorganization Plans Nos. 22 and 23. be:fiJ-~~f~~i~~~1r;::i~ii\~1iie rolls of the Maritime Administration and their pay as 7 Includes 18 employees for July, 16 employees for August, and 15 employees for Sep· follows: July, 630; August, 285; and September, 390. 0 a Revised on basis of later information. }~y~eMs~~iiy!~s tr~~ fu :~~t~a~dn~~~ ~~~fly~~gr~~is:~f~b~~ ~~~~~cf\~M~~ • Exclusive of personnel and pay of the Central Intelligence Agency. tions Board Cataloging Agency. 6 Includes personnel and pay for Howard University and Columbia Institute for the Doof. 16162 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 6

TABLE II.-Federal personnel inside continental United States 'employed by executive agencies during the period July th'T'ough · September 1950

Comparison of Comparison of July and Sep- July and Sep- tember tember Department or agency July August Septem· Department or agency. July Septem- ber August ber In· tie- In- De- crease crease crease crease ------Executive departments (except Na- Independent agencies-Continued tional Military Establishment}: Housing and Home Finance Agriculture.. . ______Agency ______82, 709 82, 275 76, 032 6, 677 13, 599 13, 502 14, 261 662 Commerce 1 2______-·--3(>4· ------52, 091 53, 405 52, 395 Indian Claims Commission ______10 10 10 ------Interior •.. _------• ---. ---•. ----- 57, 889 57, 145 54, 572 ··3;317 Interstate Commerce Commission_ 2, 087 . 2, 075 2, 052 35 Justice ______---. ------... --.. --. 26, 238 26, 199 26, 133 105 National Advisory Committee for Labor __ ------5, 928 5, 965 6,048 120 Aeronautics. ______------7,446 7,456 7,340...... 106 Post Office ______494, 028 491, 906 490, 698 3,330 National Capital Housing Au- State.------8, 737 8, 830 8,892 155 thority __ ------316 316 318 2 Treasury_------86, 812 86, 057 85, 970 ----842 National Capital Park and Plan------Executive Office of the President: ning Commission ______21 19 18 White House Office ______327 341 345 18 ------8 National Capital Sesquicenten- Bureau of the Budget ___ ------521 518 513 nial Commission ______233 235 203 30 Executive Mansion and Grounds_ 68 64 64 4 National Gallery of Art.. ______331 322 302 29 National Security CouncH 1---~--- 17 16 16 1 National Labor Relations Board .. l, 348 l, 341 l, 380 32 National Security Resources National Mediation Board. ______128 129 124 ------4 Board._------369 384 431 62 Panama Canal. __ 627 624 623 4 Council of Economic Advisers ____ 35 37 36 1 ------Railroad Retirement Board.~===== 2, 297 2,240 2, 200 97 Commission on Renovation of the Reconstruction Finance Corpora- Executive Mansion------tion 6 __ ------4, 587 4, 572 3, 593 991 Postwar agencies: · Securities and Exchange Commis- Displaced Persons Compiission ___ 87 93 !)3 sion. ______------1, 005 1, 002 1, 000 5 Economic Cooperation Admin- Selective Service System ______4, 894 5, 998 6, 354 ··1;450· istration. _____ ----. ----. -. ---- -~ 1, 176 1, 189 1, 18:l Smithsonian Institution ______548 539 532 -----i6 Claims Commis- Soldiers' Home ______Motorsion ______Carrier ______·- ·- ·- -- '734 735 735 20 18 18 2 T ariff Commission ______, -- 218 217 214 ------4 Office of the Housin~ Expediter ... 2, 556 • 2,486 2,477 79 T ax Court of the United States ____ 121 122 121 • Phil.ippine . Alien Property Ad- Tennessee Valley Authority ______14, 006 14, 152 14, 387 ----381" ------mm1strat10n. ______2 2 ------Veterans' Administration .... ~---- 185, 970 184, 665 184, 164 ""1;806 Philippine War Damage Com------mission .. ___ ----____ ------6 6 9 3 Total, excluding National Mill- --- War Claims Commission ______99 4 92 91 ------8 tary Establishment ______1, 146, 379 1, 144, 248 1, 133, 479 4, 743 17, 643 Independent agencies: Net decrease, excluding Na· America!!- . Battle Monuments tional Military Establish- Comm1ss1on ------17 16 15 2 ment ______Atomic Energy Commission ____ .. 5,048 5, 047 ii, 030 18 ------12, 900 Civil Aeronautics Board ______605 602 580 25 ------Civil Service Commission ______-----38" National Military Establishment: 3,400 3, 416 3, 438 --- ...... Office of the Secretary of Defense. Export-Import Bank of Washing- 1, 757 1, 781 1, 818 61 D epartment of the Army______281, 494 4 326, 980 354, 086 72, 592 ------ton. ______128 125 125 ___ .;. ___ Department of the Air Force ••••. 133, 513 144, 110 149, 030 15, 51 7 ------F ederal Communications Com- Department of the Navy.------277, 665 298, 633 309, 274 31, 609 mission ______------l, 250 1, 224 l, 210 40 ------Federal Deposit Insurance Cor- Total National Military --- 1, 067 1, 078 1, 077 10 poration __ .. ------Establishment ______694, 429 771, 504 814, 208 119, 779 F ederal Mediation and Concilia- Net increase ,National Military ------tion Service ______327 326 324 3 Establishment______Federal Power Commission ______738 722 717 21 -- ·------·--- 119, 779 F ederal Security Agency a______32, 690 32, 765 33, 391 ----101· Grand · total, including Na------F ederal Trade Commission ______646 632 626 20 menttional ____ Military______Establish-______General Accounting Office ______7, 805 7, 791 7, 800 6 1, 840, 808 1, 915, 752 1, 947, 687 General Services Administration._ 26, 031 26, 085 26, 077 46 -----·- Net increase, including Na· 124, "' Government Printing Office ______7, 115 7, 116 7, 115 ------·-- tional Military Establish· i·" "' ment. ··------_____ 106,879

1 Includes temporary employees (enumerators, supervisors, and clerks) engaged in • Revised on basis of later information.

taking the seventeenth decennial census, as follows: July, 81232; August, 2,117; Sep· a Includes personnel for Howard University and Columbia Institution for the Deaf. tember, 1,168; a decrease of 7,064. 6 921 employees of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation transferred Sept. 7, 1950, 2 Exclusive of seamen on the rolls of the Maritime Administration, as follows: July, to the Housing and Home Finance Agency in accordance with Reorganization Plans 630; August, 285; September, 390. • Nos. 22 and 23. · 3 Exclusive of personnel of Central Intelligence Agency.

TABLE III.-Federal personnel outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during the period July through September 1950

Comparison of Comparison of July and Sep­ July and Sep· tember tember Department or agency July August Septem­ Department or agency July August Septem· ber 1------11 ber 1------In· De- In- De- crease crease crease crease ------·------• ------11 ------·-----1-----·------Executive departments (except Na- Independent agencies: tional Military Establishment): American Battle Monuments Agriculture ------2, 755 2, 648 2, 575 180 Commission ______480 488 540 60 ------Commerce 1 _ ------4, 078 4, 042 3, 935 143 Atomic Energy Co=ission ______4 5 5 1 ------Interior______7, 662 7, 588 7, 055 ---·---- 607 Civil Aeronautics Board ______15 14 13 2 Justice______479 484 480 1 ------Civil Service Commission ______4 4 4 Labor.______105 105 103 --·----- 2 Export-Import Bank of Wash- Post Office______1,860 1,859 1,862 2 ------ington ______

State·------·---- 15, 589 15, 484 151 828 239 -·----- Federal Communications Com- Treasury_ ------774 770 764 10 mission ______26 26 24 Postwar agencies: Federal Security Agency_------280 283 285 Displaced Persons Commi~sion___ 175 190 . 196 21 General Servfoes Administra.- Economic Cooperation Adminis- tion ______64 65 65 tration______3, 487 3,-495 31 542 55 Housing and Home Finance Office of the Housing Expediter___ 23 24 24 1 Agency______7'.\ 78 83 9 Philippine Alien Property Ad- National Labor Relations Board__ 14 15 15 1 ministration______55 53 54 Pana.ma Ca.naL______19, 196 19, 353 19, 754 558 Philippine War Damage Com· R econstruction Finance Corpora· mission______500 477 455 ------45 tion______13 12 10 ------3 War Claims Commission ______------9 9 ------Selective Service System______143 168 170 27 ------1 Includes temporary employees (enumerators, supervisors, and clerks) engaged in taking the seventeenth decennial census, as follows: July, 171; August, 52; September, 21. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16163

TABLE llI.-Federal personnel outside continental United States employed by the execu(ive agencies during the period July through September 1950-Continued

Comparison of Comparison of July and Sep­ July and Sep­ tember tember Department or agency • July August Se~~;m- ______Department or agency July August Septem­ 1 11 ber 1---~-- In- De- In- De- crease crease crease crease ------1----11------1----1----11·------l----·1------Independent agencies-Continued National Military Establishment­ Smithsonian Institution.------6 6 6 Continued Veterans' Administration ______1, 498 1,485 1, 490 Department of the Air Force_____ 23, 224 24, 018 24, 392 1, 168 ------Department of the Navy______22, 275 23, 304 23, 629 1,354 ------Total, excluding National Mili- tary Establishment______59, 360 59, 222 59, 347 990 1,003 Total National Military Es- Net decrease, excluding Na- tabiishment .. ------84, 971 87, 926 89 787 tional Military Establjsh- Net increase, National Military ' ment ______------13 Establishment------4, 816 National Military Establishment: Grand total, including National === Office of the Secretary of De- Military Establishment. .. __ . 144, 331 147, 148 149, 134 =1=5, 806 1, 003 fense______2 2 3 1 Net increase, including Na- Department of the Army______39, 470 140,602 41, 763 2, 293 tional Military Establish- ment. ______------4, 803 I

2 Revised on basis of later information.

TABLE IV.-Industrial employees of the Federal Government inside and outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during the period July through September 1950

Comparison of Comparison of July and Sep­ July and Sep- tember S tember Department or agency July August Se~~;m- i------11 Department or agency July August e~~;m- I------In- De- · In- De- ci.:ease crease crease crease --~------1------1----1 ---- 1 ----11------1-----1----11------Executive departments (except Na~ National Military Establishment­ tional Military Establishment): Continued Commerce______------1, 381 l, 549 1, 570 189 Department of the Air Force: Interior... ______------7, 048 6,849 6, 373 ----575 Inside continental United 527 552 556 -----29· State .. _------~ 23 o~i~~6!-ooiitilleiifu"i'united- 75, 440 82, 158 85, 175 9, 735 Treasury ______------8, 170 8, 133 8, 147 Independent agencies: States______17, 171 17, 966 18, 001 830 Atomic Energy Commission______142 136 113 29 Department of the Navy: General Services Administration.. 68 77 89 21 ------Inside cqntinental United Housing and Home Finance States______182, 684 199, 199 207, 680 24, 996 Agency_------20 20 20 Outside continental United Panama Canal. ______1, 551 1, 544 I, 536 ------15 States .. ------16, 390 17, 286 17, 475 1, 085 Smithsonian Institution ______16 16 8 8 Tennessee Valley Authority ______7,_555 7, 719 7, 938 '"'38.3' ------Total, National Military Establishment______460, 072 514, 826 543, 119 83, 047 ------Total, excluding National Mili- Net increase, National Mili- tary Establishment;.______26, 478 26, 595. 26, 350 622 750 tary Establishment______------83, 047 Net decrease, excluding Na- ======tional Military Establish- Grand total, including Na­ ment. ------128 tional Military Estab- lishment..______486, 550 541, 421 569, 469 83, 669 750 National Military Establishment: Net increase, including Department of the Army: National Military Estab Inside continental United lishment ______------States______146, 275 175, 838 192, 067 45, 792 Outside continental United States------22, 112 22, 379 22, 721 609

TABLE v.-Federal employees assigned to mutual defense assistance program during the period July through September 1950 with comparison of July and September 1950

Civilian personnel Payroll (in thousands)

Department or agency Increase ( +) Increase(+) July August September or de- June July August or de- crease(-) crease(-)

Total. ______------__ ------_____ 20, 474 23, 912 26, 654 +6, 180 $5, 301 $5, 589 $7, 510 +$2, 209 1-~---1----~1~---~1~----1--~~~-1----~- 1----~-l--~-- State Department. ______------192 197 220 +28 76 110 84 +s Economic Cooperation Administration______5 11 12 . +1 2 2 5 +3 Office of tbe Secretary of Defense .. ------37 ·38 38 +i 20 16 20 ------D epartment of the Army______16, 566 19, 914 22, 828 +6, 262 3, 033 4, 457 6, 243 +3, 210 D epartment of the Air Force______908 743 886 -22 1, 412 234 263 -1, 149 Department of the avy ______2, 766 3, 009 2, 670 -96 758 770 895 +137

STATEMENT BY SENATOR BYRD ment of 37,207. This was offset to some de­ In addition to the civilian increase in the Civilian employment in the executive gree by a decrease of 3,644 in the civilian Military Establishment, the Veterans' Ad­ branch of the Federal Government continued agencies. ministration also reported a substantial in­ moving upward in October for the fourth Of the 37,207 increase in the Military Estab­ crease of 1,485. consecutive month. The net increase dur­ lishment, 22,364 were employed for indus­ . Among the agencies reporting decreases ing the month was 33,563, averaging more trial-type work, and 1,991 of these were as­ were Agriculture with reductions totaling than 1,000 a day. The October total was signed to duty stations outside continental 3,243, Interior Department with reductions 2,130,384, as compared with 2,096,821 in United States. Total civilian employment of 1,221, Post Office Department with reduc­ September. for the National Military Establishment in tions of 1,673, and the Commerce Department There was an increase in the civilian em­ October was 941,202 as compared with 903,995 with reductions of 600. The reductions in ployment by the National Military Establish- in September. Agriculture and Commerce Departments were 16164' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER .ff attributed largely to a decline in seasonal essential Federal Expenditures for the month piled from signed Qffi.cial personnel reports requirements, and the reductions in the of October. by the various agencies and departments of Commeri::e Department were attributed to the Federal Government. Table I shows total further separations among temporary em­ FEDERAL PERSONNEL IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH, personnel employed inside and outside con­ ployees for the Seventeenth Decennial SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1950, AND PAY, AUGUST­ tinental United States, and pay, by agency. Census. SEPTEMBER 1950 Table II shows personnel employed inside Employment by the civilian agencies ex­ Note with reference to personal service ex­ continental Unite'd States. Table III shows clusive of the National Military Establish­ penditure figures: It should be noted that personnel employed. outside continental ment in October totaled 1,189,182, as com­ the latest expenditure figures for personal United States. Table IV gives by agency the pared with. 1,192,826 in September. service shown in table I of this report are industrial workers employed by the Federal Government. For purposes of comparison, During September, the last month in the for the month of September, and that they figures for the previous month are shown in first quarter of fiscal year 1951, the civilian are compared with personal service expendi­ adjoining columns.) payroll was running at the rate of $7 ,000,000,- ture figures for the month of August, whereas the latest employment figures covered in this 000 a year as compared with the original PERSONNEL AND PAY SUMMARY report are for the month of October and are (See table I) estimate in January of $6,700,000,000. compared with the month of September. These figures were developed · today from This lag in personal service expenditure fig­ According to monthly personnel reports official signed personnel reports submitted by ures is necessary in order that actual ex­ for October 1950 submitted to the Joint the executive departments and agencies to penditures· may be reported. Committee on Reduction of Nonessential the Joint Committee on Reduction of Non- (Figures in the following report are com- Federal Expenditures:

Civilian personnel in executive branch P ayroll (in thousands) in executive branch

Department or agency Increase(+) Increase (+) In October In September In September In August or decrease was- or decrease numbered- numbered- (-) was- (-)

1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~--,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~·1-~~~~-1-~~~~-1-~~~~~1~~~~~-1-~~~~-1-~~~~- I TotaL ______------______------______------2, 130, 384 2, 096, 821 +33, 563 $590, 714 $607, 170 -$16, 456 !. Agencies exclusive of National Military Establishment_'------1, 189, 182 1, 192, 826 -3, 644 336, 040 354, 171 -18, 131 2. National Military Establishment______------______941, 202 903, 995 +37,207 254, 674 252, 999 +1, 675 Within the National Military Establishment: Office of the Secretary of Defense ______·------1, 947 1, 821 +126 738 763 -25· Department of the Army __ ___ ------______------______413, 428 395, 849 +17, 579 104, 753 101, 897 +2,856 D epartment of the Air Force------179,127' 173, 422 +5, 105 48, 480 50, 900 -2,420 D epartment of the Navy___ ------______346, 700 332, 903 +13, 797 100, 703 99, 439 +l,264

MUTUAL DEFENSE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM the mutual defe:r:i.se assistance program by component units of the National Military · Table V shows personnel counted in ta­ the Commerce and State Departments, Eco­ Establishment, together with their pay. bles I, II, III, and IV who are assigned to nomic Cooperation Administration, and the

TABLE !.-Consolidated table of Federal personnel inside and outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during October 1950, and comparison with No'Vember 1950; and pay for September 1950, and comparison with August 1950

Pay (in thousands of dollars) P ersonnel Department or agency August September Increase Decrease September October Increase D ecrease

1 Executive departments (except National Military Establishment): Agriculture ______·------·-·- __ ------$24, 799 $22, 188 ------$2, 611 78, 607 75, 364 ------3, 243 Commerce 1 2 a______·------·- ·- __ ·------18, 389 17, 491 ------898 . 56, 330 55, 730 ------600 Interior______------·-·- ______·------20, 091 18, 324 ------1, 767 61, 627 60, 406 ------1, 221 if ustice ______·-______10, 049 9, 563 26, 613 26, 965 Labor __ __ . ______------______------486 352 ------Post Office ______.______. ______·2, 035 2,063 $28 ------6, 151 • 6, 324 173 ------State ______130, 360 128, 764 ------1, 596 492, 560 490, 887 7, 592 7, 517 ------75 24, 720 24, 826 ------·-io6- ·------~~~~~ Treasury ______------31, 317 27, 196 ------4, 121 86, 734 86, 278 456 Executive Office of the President: White House Office· ------162 147 15 345 345 273 247 26 513 502 11 ~~~~~¥i~~ ~~:syg;~1nC1ar

&:~:~:~ ~e~;?i:;~~=seti-atioD.~======· ==~======?; ~gg ?; ~i ------i~ 27, 800 27, 810 10 ------Government Printing Office ______c______2, 795 2, 568 ======227 ~; m ~; ~~ l~ ======

mi:~~;~~~~~~~l~~~~~~~======~======4, :~ 5, :~ ======~~~======~i= 1:: :~ 1:: ~~ ======------~~ 1 Includes temporary employees (enumerators, supervisors, and clerks) engaged in taking the Seventeenth D ecennial Census as follows: September, 1,199; Oct~ber, 514· a de· ~~~~ . ' , 2 October figure is exclusive of 765 seamen on the rolls of the Maritime Administration and their pay. s Includes 515 employees for the National Production Authority, an increase of 132 over the September total of 383. . .. Includes 13 employees transferred to Department of Labor from tbe Federal Security Agency under sec. 3 of Reorganization Plan No. 19of1950. 6 Exclusive of personnel and pay of the Central Intelligence Agency. · · 8 New agency established under pt. 4, Executive Order No. 10,161, dated Sept. 9, 1950, activated Oct. 16, 1950, 7 Includes personnel and pay for Howard U;niversity and Columbia Institute for the Deaf, · 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE

TABLE !.-Consolidated table of Federal personnel inside and outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during October 1950, and comparison with November 1950; and pay lo/ September 1950,- and comparison with August 1950-Con.

Pay (iJI thousands of dollars) Personnel Department or agency August September Increase Decrease September October Increase Decrease

Independent agencies-Continued National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.------­ $2, 593 $2,370 $223 89 82 ------19 National Capital Housing AuthoritY------­ 7 2 ------National Capital SesquicentennialPark and Planning Commission Commission ______••• ------_- 7 7 55 51 ------4 89 80 ------170 National Gallery of Art.. ------­ ------9 3 ------National ·Labor Relations Board.------549 518 ------31 National Mediation Board ______: ______63 76 34 ------$13 ------4 Panama Canal. __ ___ .... --. ------_------3,008 3,894 886 ------· Railroad Retirement Board ______------.------•••• ___ ------725 663 ------118 Reconstruct10n Finance Corporation ______------62 ------42 1, 942 1, 489 ------453 Secw·ities and Exchange Commission------463 427 ------16 Selective Service System ______------______------36 31 ------1,324 1, 194 ------130 470 ------200 178 Smithsonian Institution __ ------_------___ ------22 5 ------Soldiers' Home __ .------____ ------165 110 ------55 Tarifi Commission _____ -----______------___ ------_ 103 95 ------8 Tax Court of the United States------­ 53 58 4, 542 4, 174 5 ------8 ------TVeteranennessees' AdministrationValley Authority.------______------368 213 ------55, 647 51, 764 ------3, 883 1, 485 ------Total, excluding National Military Establishment______354, 171 336, 040 1, 129 19, 260 4, 121 7, 765 Net decrease, excluding National Military Establishment ______------18,131 3,644 National Military Establishment: l====l====l====l====l==== l==== l:==~'I=== Office of the Secretary of Defense•------763 738 25 126 Depf~;~:~~~~e~~~1¥fuited StateL------91, 596 94, 539 2, 943 ------16, 603 Outside continental United States------­ 10, 301 10, 214 ------87 976 Department of the Air Force: Inside continental United States.------­ 46, 028 43, 726 2, 302 5, 177 ------Outside continental United States ••• ------­ 4,872 4, 754 Department of the Navy: 92, 953 InsideOutside continental continental United United States.------States ______94, 533 12, :: 6, 486 6, 170 ------;:~-1------~~~-316 1, 505 1~~~~~~~~~~~~------999 Total, National Military Establishment______252, 254, 674 4, 523 2, 848 371 207 ------Net increase, National Military Establishment------· ------1, 675 37, 207 Grand total, including National Military Establishment______607, 170 590, 714 5, 6521==22,=108=l=====l=====l===41=,=3=28=l1====7,=7=65 Net change, including National Military Establishment ______------16,l 456 33, r63

• In~ludes 18 employees assigned to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and 200 employees assigned to Munitions Board Cataloging Agency.

TABLE ll.-Federal personnel inside conttne ntal United States employed by executive agencies during October 1950 ana compari­ son with September 1950

De- Department or agency Septem- October In- Department or agency Se~m- October In­ De­ ber ·crease crease crease crease

-~~-11-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-1-~~--~~~------~~- Executive departments (except National Independent agencies-Continued Indian Claims Commission ______MilitaryAgriculture Est~blishment):.. ____ • ____ • ______10 76,032 72, 922 3, 110 Interstate Commerce Commission ______2,052 2. o!g ------6 52, 395 51, 973 422 National Advisory Committee for Aero- Commerce 1 2 a------nautics. ______----______Interior __ ------______------______54, 572 53, 604 968 7, 340 7, 321 ------19 Justice_ •• ______------___ .------26, 133 26, 484 ----35i- National Capital Housing Authority. ______318 Labor----_------_------___ . __ .: __ ---- __ 6,048 '6, 215 167 ------·- National Capital Park and Planning Com- 320 2 ------1.-656 mission ______---- __ . ____ . ______StatePost ______Office_------• ______------• ______------490, 698 489, 042 ----i20" 18 18 ------Treasury ______8,892 9,012 -----45i Nationalmission _Capital.. __ . ______Sesquicentennial______Com- . 85, 970 85, 519 203 33 ------170 ExecutiveWhite OfficeHouse of Office the President: ______National Gallery of Art_ __ ------.-----­ 302 305 3 ------345 345 National Labor Relations Board. __ ------­ 1, 380 1, 415 35 ------Bureau of the Budget_------513 502 ------11 National Mediation Board_------124 120 Executive Mansion and Grounds ______----·-4- Panama Cana!______------4 64 68 ------fi23 625 2 ------. National Security Council a______16 18 2 Railroad Retirement Board_.------~-- 2,200 2, 158 42 National Security Resources Board ______------431 450 19 Reconstruction Finance Corporation ______3, 593 3, 577 ------16 Council of Economic Advisers ______36 36 ------. Securities and Exchange Commission ______1,000 . 1, 031 ------Selective Service System ______31 ------Commission on Renovation of the Execu- 6, 354 6, 767 413 ------tive Mansion ______------Smithsonian Institution______532 ...... ------Soldiers' Home______------535 3 ------Postwar agencies: Tariff Commission ______735 735 Displa~d Persons Commission ______93 97 4 214 210 Economic Cooperation Administration _____ 1, 183 1, 189 6 ------Tax Court of the United States _____ ------121 129 :::::::: ------. ------Tennessee Valley Authority______8 ------Economic Stabilization Agency'------is- 29 29 ----·--2 14, 387 14, 600 213 ------Motor Carrier Claims Commission ______16 Veterans' Administration •• _------184, 164 185,634 1, 470 ------Office of tbe Housing Expediter.------2, 477 2,489 12 Philippine Alien Property Administration .. 2 2 ------Total, excluding National Military Es- Philippine War Damage Commission ______9 6 ------3 t11 b!ishment ______1, 133, 479 1, 130, 397 3, 954 7, 036 War Claims Commission ______91 95 4 Net decrease, excluding National Mili------tary Establishment______------3, 082 Ind«f:1e~Fc!a~~~~~s~onuments Commission_ 15 15 5,030 5, 019 ------ii National Military Establishment: ======0 Office of the Secretary of Defense ______~f~lfle~~i~~li~ fui~~~~~~--~:=:::::::::::: 580 553 27 1, 818 1, 944 126 ------Civil Service Commission ______3,438 8,584 ----i46" Department of the Army ______354, 086 370, 689 Department of the Air Force ______16, 603 ------125 128 3 149, 030 154, 207 5, 177 ------~!E~:!iictr:i~!f~ti~~:c~~ioii:::::: 1,210 1, 211 1 Department of the Navy______309, 274 321, 566 12, 292 ------Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation _____ 1,077 1, 084 7 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. 324 326 2 Total, National Military Establishment__ 814, 208 848, 406 34, 198 ------Federal Power Commission ______717 720 3 Net increase, National Military Estab- Federal Security Agency 1 ______33, 391 34, 036 645 Federal Trade Commission ______------6 626 620 ---·-10- o:~::::~~~:;~~~~~-~:~;~~:~~~~;~;;· ______. 34,,198 General Accounting Office.·------~-- 7,800 7,870 General Services Administration ______: ____ 26,077 26, 224 147 ...... ------Establishment______1, 947, 687 1, 978, 803 38, 152 7, 036 Government Printing Office ______7, 115 7, 147 32 ---·-ios Net increase, including NationalMilitary Housing and Home Finance Agency ______14, 261 14, 153 Establishment ___ ------·------31, 116 1

1 Includes temporary employees (enumerators, supervisors, and clerks) engaged in taking the Seventeenth Decennial Census as follows: September, 1,168; October, 514; decrease of 654. 2 Exclusive of 765 seamen on the rolls of the Maritime Administration in October. · a Includes ~15 employees for the National Production Authority, an increase of 132 over the September total of 383. 'Includes 13 employees transferred to Department of Labor from the Federal Security Agency under sec. 3 of Reorganization Plan No. 19of1950. •Exclusive of personnel of Central Intelligence Agency. e New agency established under pt. 4, Executive Order No. 10,161, dated Sept. 9, 1950, activated Oct. 16, 1950, 'Includes personnel for !!ow~d University and Columbia Institute for the Deaf, • 16166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 6

TA1:3L~. II~.-Federal personnel outside continental United States employed· by the executive agencies during October 1950 and com­ parison with ~eptember 1950

In­ De· Department or agency Septem­ October In­ De­ Department or agency Se~~~m- October crease crease ber crease crease ______, ____ ------11------1------Executive departments (exoopt N ational Mili~ Independent agencies-Continued tary Establishment): N ational Labor Relations Board.L ______15 14 1 Agriculture ______2, 575 2, 442 133 Panama Canal. ______19, 754 19, 634 120 3, 935 3, 757 178 Reconstruction Finance Corporation ______10 10 7, 055 6,802 Selective Service.System ___ ------170 227 Justice. ______::-= == =------======______======_= ------253 Smithsonian Institution ______57 ------f~:rfo~~C:: ~ 480 481 1 ------­ 6 8 2 ------Labor_------103 109 "6 ------Veterans' Administration ____ ------1, 490 1, 505 15 ------Post Office_:______1, 8fi2 1, 845 17 State ____ ------___ ------_------_--- : ___ _ 15, 828 15, 814 14 Total, excluding National Militaf'] Es- Treasury______764 759 5 tablishment______59, 347 58, 785 202 764 Postwar agencies: · · Net decrease, excluding National Mili- Displaced Persons Commission.~ ------196 103 tary Establishment______------. 562 Economic Cooperation Administration ____ _ 3, 542 3, 5!l5 53 ------Office of the Housing Expeditl'r. ______: __ __ 24 25 1 ------National Military Establishment: Philippine Alien Property Administration __ 54 56 2 ------. Office of the Secretary of Defense ______3 Philippine War Damage ·commission ______455 41 8 37 D epartment of the Army ______41, 763 42, 73~ ----976" ======War Claims Commission. ______9 9 Department of the Air Force ______24, 392 24, 920 528 ------Independent agencies: Department of the Navy ______23, 629 25, 134 1, 505 ------American Battle Monuments Commission __ 540 589 4r, ------Atomic Energy Commission_____ ~ ______: __ _ 5 5 Total, National Military Establishment__ 89, -787 92. 796 3, 009 ------Civil Aeronautics Board ______13 14 ~ -----1- ======N et increase, ational Military Estab- Civil Service Commission ______4 4 F.xport-Import Bank of Washington ______1 1 G:~:::::~~ ~:;~~~~~-~~~;~~~~~;!~~~;~------= ------3,009 Federal Communications Commission ___ ~-- 24 24 Federal Security Agency.------~------285 289 ------4- ======Establishment______149, 134 151, 581 3, 211 764 General Services Administration ______65 62 ------3 Net increase, including National Military 1 Housing and Home Finance Agency ___ :.. ___ _ 83 94 11 ------Establishment- ___ ------2,447 I TABLE IV.-Industrial employees of the Federal Government inside· and outside continental United States employed by executive agencies during October 1950 and comparison with September 1950

Septem· In· De· Septem­ In­ De­ Department or agency ber October crease crease Department or agency ber October crease crease ---1----11------1------Executive departments (except National Mili- National Military Establishment: tary Establishment): · Department of the Army: Commerce ______1, 570 1, 327 243 Inside continental United States_------192, 067 201, 563 9, 496 Interior __ ------6, 373 5, 572 801 Outside continental United States______22, 721 23, 065 344 State ____ • ___ ----______--_---- 556 5!'i8 2 Department of the Air Force: · Treasury______._-----____ • ______8, 147 ·8, 275 128 Inside continental United States______85, 175. 87, 752 2, 577 Independent agencies: . Outside continental United States---~-- 18, 001 18, 405 404 Atomic Energy Commission ___ ------113 llfi 3 Department of the Navy: General Services Administration ______89 97 8 Inside continental United StateJ______207, 680 215, 980 8, 300 Housing and Home Finance Agency ______20 20 ---·---- Outside continental United States______17, 475 18, 718 1, 243 Panama Canal______1, 536 1, 514 ------22 Smithsonian Institution ______8 8 ------'Fotal, National Military Establish- Tennessee Valley Authority ______7, 938 8, 115 ----iff ------ment.______543, 119 565, 483 22, 364 ------· ------Net increase, National Military Es- Total, excluding National Military Es- tablishment______------22,364 tablishment______26, 350 25, 602 318 1, 066 Net decrease, excluding National Mili- Grandtotal,includingNationalMili- == _ 1= ta

Civilian personnel Pay-roll (in thousands)

Department or agency In October In ·September Increase(+) In September In August In crease ( +) - b d or de· or de· numbered num ere - crease(.-) was- was- crease(-)

TotaL ______------______-----______------___ ------______27, 128 26, 654 +474 ,$7, 686 $7, 510 +$176 1------1------1-~----11~~--~-l------l-~~~~- Commerce Department______.______• ______--~______1 +1 - -- l ---·------+ r State Department______-- ____ ------__ ----_----- __ ---______----- ______221 220 +1 82. 84 -2 12 +4 9 5 +4 ======: ======38 +1 16 20 -4 ~~g~~ifDepartmenth~i~~~~~!~~n of the Armyon~f~i:;;:~~:~~~:======__ ------~=== ------== ~ = ---- 23, 384~~ 22, 828 + 556 6,428 6, 243 +185 Department of the Air Force------910 886 -;f--24 317 263 +54 Department of the NavY------2, 557 2, 670 -113 833 895 -62

BILLS INTRODUCED S. 4227. A bill to authorize payments on Rent Act of 1947, as amended, and I ask automobiles purchased by certain amputee unanimous consent that the amendments Bills were introduced, read the first veterans of the Korean operations equal . to time, and, by unanimous consent, the those authorized for veterans of World War may be printed in the RECORD and lie on second time, and referred as follows: II, and for other purposes; to the Committee the table. By Mr. MAYBANK: on Labor and Public Welfare. There being no objection, the amend­ S. 4~23. A bill to amend the Defense Pro­ By Mr. TYDINGS: ments were ordered to lie on the table duction Act of 1950; to the Committee on S. 4228. A bill for. the relief of Col. Arthur and to be printed in the RECORD, as fol­ Banking and Currency. L. Shreve; to the Committee on the Judiciary. lows: By Mr. TAYLOR: EXTENSION OF RENT CONTROl.r­ Amendments intended to be proposed by S. 4224. A bill for the relief of Jose Maria AMENDMENTS Mr. FLANDERS to the joint resolution (S. J. Sangroniz-Equiluz; and Res. 207) to continue for a temporary period S. 4225. A bill for the relief of Ignacio Mr. FLANDERS. Mr. President, I sub­ certain provisions of the Hou.sing and Rent Aguirrechu y Zuazo; to the Committee · on mit amendments intended to be proposed Act of 1947, as amended, viz: At the end of the Judiciary. the joint resolution insert the following new By Mr. KNOWLAND: by me to the joint resolution epartment order those ships stopped at what has happened, let me say that recent times. In other words, appar­ any place they might wish to do so? · some time ago when we sought the ac­ ently they were requested very urgently Mr ~ O'CONOR. I think the Office of tion and brought to the attentio:q. of by persons in North China to bring about International Trade in the Department Federal officials the facts with respect to purchases. I have in mind particularly of.Commerce, could modify the present very large shipments, the quantities hav­ 4,500,000 pounds of pure copper which regulations and could prevent the deliv­ ing aroused our suspicions, it was argued c.ame from Japan all the way to New · ery and discharge of those cargoes to by them that the articles shipped were York, and then was transshipped around the consignees. used for civilian purposes. : We now find the world, back to North China. That · Mr. STENNIS. If the Senator does that much of the material has gone into was handled by a firm which had not not receive assurances that such action the making of uniforms; and, as the t.heretof ore been engaged in the export will be taken or that such results will .be Senator from California indicates, com­ trade. brought about, will not the Senator in­ modities which of course could be used Mr. THY.E. The Com:i;nerce Depart­ troduce in the Senate proposed legisla­ for entirely civilian purposes, neverthe­ ment has a committee which passes upon tion of an emergency nature to cover less have been employed to strengthen applications for export licenses, does it this matter? the industrial and the military poten­ not?" · Mr. O'CONOR. I shall be very pleased tial of Communist China. · Mr. O'CONOR. Yes. to do so. As a matter of fact, I arri de­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will . Mr. THYE. That committee within termined to do so if the executive the senator from Washington y·ield fur­ the Commerce Department should in the branch does not ·act. · ther to enable me to ask a question of the first instance, ascertairi the background That is why I suggested, in the state­ Senator from Maryland? of those who apply for such licenses, ·and ment ·1 have made today, that the De­ , Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. why they make application for· export partment of co·mmerce might take effec­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Does the Senator licenses, and in that way safeguard tive action promptly. Over· the week froin Maryland not agree also that for against· the making of just ·such ship­ end the Department of Commerce took some of the commodities which are sent ments as the copper shrpment which has action which henceforth will require the from Communist China to this country, been mentioned by the Senator from issuance of licenses for cerain ship­ the Chinese Communists are permitted Maryland. ments. I think they can take immedi­ to get dollar exchange, which in turn Mr. President,· I wish to say that the ate action in respect to these cargoes. they use in the markets of. Hong Kong policy of importing dried, powdered eggs However, if they do not, I think other to buy more strategic materials, which into the United States, when we have action should be taken. we ourselves would not permit to be huge surpluses of powdered eggs on Mr. STENNIS. In my opinion the shipped? So, again, not only is the hand, seems to be the very height of Senator will certainly have the whole­ economy of Communist China strength­ folly. hearted support of the entire Congr'ess ened but its warmaking potential is also Mr ..STENNIS. Mr. President, will the in respect to obtaining immediate re­ strengthened, and its efforts to drive Senator from Washington yield, so that sults in connection with this matter, American forces out of Korea are aided. I may ask a question of the Senator from which is entirely of an emergency Mr. O'CONOR. That is unquestion­ Maryland? nature. · ably the case. Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. Again I wish to commend the Senator · Mr. MORSE and Mr. LEHMAN ad­ Mr. STENNIS. I have watched with for his very fine presentation. dressed the Chair. great interest. the development of these Mr. KNOWLAND . . Mr. President, .The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does facts by the Senator from Maryland, a.nd will the Senator from Washington yield? the Senator from Washington yield; if I wish to commend him most highly. At Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. so, to whom? the same time, I am amazed that we Mr. KNOWLAND. I should like to Mr. VIAGNUSON. I desire furthe to have to argue about a subject of this sort. join with the other Senators in com- yield to the Senator from Maryland, if 16172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER· 6. there are further questions. Before do­ he would seek the use of his emergency Mr. McCLELLAN. · Mr. President, will ing so, however, I merely wanted to add powers, or any other powers he might the Senator yield? in connection with the present debate on have, to bring about the desired result. Mr. MAGNUSON. I shall· yield for this matter that since my .return, the In the opinion of the Senator from Mary­ one or two more questions, though we Senator from Maryland and I have had.· land, I may say to my friend the Senator have some pending business to attend. conferences on this subject, and we ex­ from Oregon, the President does possess to. I yield to the Senator from Arkansas. pect to do everything we can within the that authority. Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, I . authority of the Merchant Marine Com­ . Mr. MORSE. I thank the Senator· came into the Senate Chamber late dur­ mittee to stop such shipments as have "from Maryland, and wish to say that I ing this discussion, and I did not hear been r~ferred to. We think a more :fla­ agree with his conclusion that the Presi­ all of the remarks of the able Senator grant violation exists in that many dent of the United States, as Commander from Maryland and his report upon the American citizens owning vessels flying in Chief, in this hour of emergency, has results of the investigation he has been the Panamanian flag and carrying that power. I desire to express not only conducting thus far. I should like to American-purchased goods, are doing the hope that he will exercise it but to ask the Senator from Maryland whether, exactly the same thing that we are now express the thought and to make the in the course cf this investigation, and trying to prevent in the case of vessels statement on the floor of the Senate to­ in his efforts to stop these shipments to :flying the American flag. It Js even a day that I think it is his clear duty to China, he has had any assurance from more :flagrant violation than in the lat­ proceed to exercise that authority with- the responsible parties, the Secretary of ter case. . out further delay. · Commerce, the Secretary of State, or Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will The second question I desire to ask others, that the shipment· of goods and the Senator yield? the Senator from Maryland, which bears materials to China is being stopped, or Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. upon the point made by the Senator will be stopped? Mr. KNOWLAND. Will the Senator from California in respect to Hong Kong, Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, I may from Washington not admit, however, is this: Is it not also true that in this say in answer to the Senator from Ar­ that if we wanted to make an e:fiective hour of great crisis, at least for our kansas that the answer we received has naval blockade of the China coast, we country, so far as our boys in Korea are been in the nature of action taken by should prevent action under any :flag, concerned, we have a right to call upon the Department of Commerce in succes­ whether it be British, Panamanian, Chi­ Great Britain to live up to her moral sive steps; which action, I again say, nese Communist, or any other, in the way obligations under the United Nations, I regret was not taken a long time ago. of unloading cargos from ships there? and to take the steps necessary to see to Unquestionably, had it been taken, siza­ The only way it can be done is by estab­ ·it that Hong Kong is not used as a means ble quantities of these supplies would lishing an effective naval blockade, in and a device for Communist China to not have reached their destination. But, retaliation for the overt aggression which carry on a more e:fiective war against during the past week, if I may add this has taken place in Korea. American boys in Korea? further thought, in fairness to the De­ Mr. MAGNUSON. I agree with the Mr. O'CONOR. I wish to say in an­ partment of Commerce, they took action. Senator from California. Of course, swer to the Senator from Oregon that They took action in placing a general there first comes the question of an I think his point is very well taken. We requirement that henceforth all ship­ e:fiective blockade of the China Sea. have already ascertained that quantities ments to China must be under licenses. That is one thing. I know a little bit of materials much greater than have But that does not mean that shipments about that. There has been blockade­ hitherto been sent to Hong Kong have will not be made; but that those seeking running and pirateering in that area for gone there recently. In our e:fiorts to to make them must obtain export many years, perhaps for 200 or 300 years. ascertain their ultimate destination, we licenses. I think we can establish such a blockade. received information that unquestion­ · Mr. McCLELLAN. One more question. But I believe we should take some ably they went into Communist China , I ask the able Senator whether in his drastic action here in regard to American hands. So I think the point made by opinion there is such lack of cooperation citizens who, under a foreign flag, are the Senator from Oregon is undoubtedly among the executive branches of the making money by engaging in the same a very good one, and I believe there is Government that, under the conditions kind of traffic. sound foundation for it. now existing, it is advisable for the Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the Mr. MORSE. I may say, most re­ Congress to act immediately to stop this Senator yield? spectfully, that I hope the attention of traftlc? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Prime Minister of Great Britain will Mr. O'CONOR. I may say to the Sen­ the Senator from Washington yield to be called to the fact that there is a strong ator from Arkansas that if action is not the Senator from Oregon? view in the Congress of the United States taken in this particular case-which I Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. that Great Britain, through Hong Kong, think is a glaring instance, at this mo­ Mr. MORSE. With the permission of is aining and abetting the Communist ment, 6 months after the Communists in the Senator from Washington, I should Chinese in connection with the Korean Korea undertook their o:fiensive-if ac­ like to ask the Senator from Maryland War. tion is not taken in this instance, I think two questions, by which I intend to rein­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will the Senator will see further action in force the comments and observations the Senator from Washington yield so this Chamber. that I may address a tiuestion to the Sen­ Mr. McCLELLAN.' Mr. President, I made by the Senator from California ator from Oregon? commend the able Senator from Mary­ [Mr. KNOWLAND] in regard to this subject. Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. land for having brought this revelation Mr. KNOWLAND. And will the Sen­ of conditions to the attention of the Mr. O'CONOR. I shall be very glad to ator from Oregon yield for a question? American people; and I may say the answer. Mr. MORSE. Certainly. American people are outraged by them, Mr. MORSE. I have but two ques- Mr. KNOWLAND. I shOuld like in and rightfully so. There ought to be . tions: First, is it or is it not true that the line with what the Senator has just some power in the American Govern- · President of the United States, under the been discussing, to inquire whether he ment which can stop this character of powers he has in this hour of emergency, does not agree with me that, at least traffic. If it cannot be stopped by the has the authority to stop the transport with respect to some of the nations executive branch, then the Congress of these goods, if he cares to exercise the which, for some reason or other, have · should act. authority? been unable to contribute the amount Mr. KEM and Mr. LEHMAN addressed Mr. O'CONOR. My answer to the of help to meet the aggression in Korea the Chair. Senator from Oregon is that; in my opin­ that the Government and the people of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does ion, the President has. It was for that the United States have contributed, the 'the Senator from Washington yield; if reason that I mentioned, in the state­ least they can do is to stop giving their so, fo whom? ment I made, that it was to be hoped moral and material support to Commu­ Mr. MAGNUSON. I merely want to that the Department of Commerce would nist China? Is not that the very least conclude the discussion on this point take immediate action; and, lacking that, they can do? by saying to the Senator from Arkansas while I did not undertake to tell the Mr. MORSE. My answer is an em­ that this matter was, of course, called President what to do;. it was hoped that phatic "Yes." to the attention of the Senate last Sep- 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16173 te:inber by the Senator from Maryland the effect of committing the United States those now sitting at the conference table and myself, and at that time-let us be to any course of action, except by treaty in the Blair House. entered into with the advice and consent of fair about it-conditions were much dif­ the Senate in accordance with the provisions We have learned by experience, Mr. ferent from what they are now. To fol­ of the Constitution. President, that government by guess and low ·this up, the Senato!' from Maryland intuition is no substitute for government and I are now asking for a complete Mr. KEM. The purpose of this reso• by the Constitution. During World War embargo, not for export licenses. I feel lution is to prevent a second Yalta or a II, a Chief Executive of the United States . sure we are going to find a response to second Potsdam . entered into far-reaching agreements this proposal. In the meantime, certain During and after World War II, our with representatives of powerful foreign American shippers who have not been leaders took a so-called calculated risk nations, including Britain, at · Tehran wholly at fault have been involved in that they could do business with Stalin. and Yalta. His successor entered into this traffic; but the real fault lies-we They gambled-and our people lost. As equally far-reaching agreements with may as well be honest about it, and I am a result, we find ourselves in greater foreign representatives, including Mr. sure that the Senator from Maryland, danger than ever before in history. The Attlee, at Potsdam. in view of the very able investigation decision as to how to meet the present The calamitous Yalta deal-which sold which he has conducted, will agree with crisis must be sound and realistic. We China down the river to the Reds-was me-lies with the British, who are still cannot afford to take more calculated ·made in secret. The advice of the Sen­ doing business as usual through Hong risks with t,Pe security of our people. ate was not obtained-and apparently Kong. That fact was called to the at­ A crucial conference is now under way not desired. And the world-shaping tention of the Senate in August by the between the President of the United agreements made at Yalta, as in the case Senator from Maryland [Mr. O'CoNOR] States and the Prime Minister of Great of those made at Tehran, were not and myself. The Senator from Califor­ Britain. . We learn .from the press that ratified by the Senate, or even submitted nia [Mr. KNOWLANDJ joined us in call­ the principal items on the agenda are to it. Today, nearly 6 years after the ing the matter to the attention of the the rapidly deteriorating situation in Yalta Conference, we still do not know Senate. I believe it is appropriate at Korea, and what steps are to be taken exactly what took place. this time that the Senate call the sub­ to meet the challenge of Red China and In Potsdam, in August 1945, the pres­ ject to the attention of the very distin­ the Soviet Union. ent incumbent of the White House fol­ guished visitor from England who is in This conference is being conducted in lowed the example set by his predeces­ the city today. a supersecret atmosphere. We do not sor. The negotiations at Potsdam, in Mr. McCLELLAN. I commend the know what has been decided . . We do which Mr. Attlee took part, were con­ Senator. However, I do not know what know that the decisions made will be ducted for the most part in secret. The authority we have over the commerce far-reaching in their implications. Senate played no part. The agreements of Great Britain. We do have authority ~hey may well mean life or death for made were not submitted to it as required over our own commerce, and can con­ millions of Americans. by the Constitutitm. And again, as at The Congress, the elected represeRta .. Yalta, Stalin received practically every­ trol it. · tives of the people, must exercise fully its "Mr. MAGNUSON. We do not have thing he wanted. constitutional duties to prevent one man, Are we unwilling to learn from experi­ any control over Great Britain's com­ or a small group of men, from agaill merce. Whatever can be done is being ence? Is it not time to put the brakes embarking on a course of disaster. on secret huddlers? Have we not drunk done. lt is a national disgrace that Article II, section 2 of the Constitution ships should be in the Far East with the cup of unconstitutional government provides: to the bitter dregs? such materials. The President • • • shall have power, The Senator from Maryland has been Mr. President, I have no illusions or by and with the advice and consent of the delusions as to the superior wisdom of very vigilant, and I am certain that he Senate, to make treaties, provided two. will be able to get some concrete results. Members of Congress. I do have an thirds of the Senators present concur. abiding faith in our constitutional proc­ Mr. KEM and Mr. LEHMAN addressed Webster's defines a treaty as "an esses. When a proposed course of ac­ the Chair. agreement or arrangement made by tion is tested in the crucible of. debate The PRESIDENT pro tempore: Do~s negotiation or diplomacy." on the :floor of the Senate or House, re­ the Senator from Washington yield; if If an "agreement or arrangement" re­ ports are carried throughout the ~atioµ so to whom? sults from the diplomatic negotiations via newspaper, radio, and television. Mr. MAGNUSON. I am glad to yield now under way, it should be submitted to Editors, commentators, and columnists to the Senator from Missouri. the Senate for ratification as required by express their opinions. The people are CONFERENCES BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT the Constitution. That is exactly what able to inform themselves as to the pros AND PRIME MINISTER ATTLEE the resolution I have introduced is de­ and cons of the matter under discussion, Mr. KEM. Mr. President, on behalf signed to accomplish. Nothing more­ and to make their decisions known, by nothing less. of myself and other Senators I submit~ letters, telegrams, and so forth to their resolution, which I send to the desk and I anticipate the argument may be Representatives in the Congress. ask to have read. raised that to follow such a procedure Only by this process can decisions be The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The would tip our hand to the enemy. reached which represent. t;he con~idered clerk will read the resolution. . Therefore, the people must not learn of judgment of the American people. . The resolution (S. Res. 371), submitted the plan agreed upon until it has al.. Only by returning to tried and tested ready been put into effect. principles of government can we end the by Mr. KEM (for himself, Mr. W~ERRY, Mr. KNOWLAND; Mr. BRICKER, Mr. CAIN, Let us not delude ourselves into think­ backtrack, bungle, and botch in our for­ ing we can be safe by sticking our heads eign affairs. Mr. WiLLIAMS, Mr. ScHOEPPEL, Mr. AIKEN, in the sand. We spent millions of dol­ The Senate must reaffirm its role in Mr. THYE, Mr. HENDRICKSON, Mr. MUNDT, lars in an effort to prevent Stalin from the conduct of our foreign relations. Mr. Dc;>NNELL, Mr. BREWSTER, Mr. NIXON, obtaining the secret of the atomic bomb. The issue is this: Are we to have a truiy Mr. BUTLER, Mr. MALONE, Mr. DWORSHAK, Yet one was soon exploded behind the American foreign policy, openiy arrived Mr. YOUNG, Mr. CAPEHART, Mr. WATKINS, iron curtain. It was made possible only at within the framework of constitu­ Mr. JENNER, Mr. CORDON, Mr. McCARTHY, by secrets stolen from America. tional government? Or is our policy to and Mr. ECTON), was read by the legis­ The fathers, mothers, sons, and daugh­ continue to be a secret, personal sub- lative clerk, as follows: ·· ters of America should know in advance stitute? · Resolved, That it is the sense of the Sen~ what they are getting into. · After all, Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ ate that, aft er the discussions now being this is our country. It is the blood of sent that the resolution be referred to carried on between the President and Prime our people that will ·be shed. A decision · the appropriate· committee. ·· I ·also ·ask Minister Attlee :have been concluded, the . reached in ·accordance with the princi .. unanimous consent that the committee President should forthwith make a full and complet e report concerning t he sa,me 'to the ples of our Constitution should deter .. to which the resolution is referred be Senate; and that the President should not mine When and where it shall be shed. directed to report on it by ·Friday. ent er into any understandings or agreements For my part, I greatly prefer such a Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, ! wit h the Prime Minister which might have decision to the combined judgment of shall have to.object to the latter reques_t, 16174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 6 because at this time I do not know to President had with Prime Minister Already a trend toward increased which committee the resolution will be Attlee, but we should have a full report rents has been noted. in those areas referr'ed. for the people of the United states on the where our defense efforts have necessi­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The situation up to the present time, so far tated the concentration of unusual num­ resolution will be referred to the Com­ as such a report can be given without en­ bers of persons, either military or ci­ mittee on Foreign Relations. . dangering the security of our troops. vilian. I have in my possession copies Mr. MAGNUSON. I shall be compelled I believe that when the people of the of numerous letters from commanders to object until I have had an opportunity country know the facts, they can be re­ of military installations, indicating the to confer with the chairman of the lied upon to do the right thing, to do the shortage of available housing facilities Committee on Foreign Relations. Of courageous thing, and to do absolutely and deploring increases in rents. It has course, the Senator from Missouri can all that is necessary, . been pointed out that the continued ac­ renew his request at a later time. The I do not wish to sign the resolution, cumulation of personnel around mili­ procedure suggested by him at this time because I believe that some agreements tary and defense installations must con­ is somewhat unusual, and I have not or understa,ndings, other than treaties, tinue,. and that the charging of exor­ had an opportunity to confer with the can properly be entered into without con­ bitant rents will lead to extreme· diffi­ chairman or the ranking minority mem­ gressional approval; but I believe that culties in obtaining the necessary per­ ber of the Committee on Foreign Rela­ whatever is agreed upon should, inso­ sonnel to man these defense centers. tions. Until I have had such oppor­ far as can be done without endangering In his testimony before the Senate tunity, I shall be forced to object. security, be presented as quickly as pos­ Committee on Banking and Currency on Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will sible in a full and complete report to this bill, Mr. Stuart Symir..gton, chair­ the Senator withhold his objection and those of us in the Senate and to the peo­ man of the National Security Resources yield to me? ple of the country. I hope the Presi­ Board, stated: Mr. MAGNUSON. Yes; I yield to the dent will do so. Recent experiences already point to some Senator from Nebraska. EXTENSION OF RENT CONTROL of the effects. For example, the area ad­ Mr. WHERRY. I wonder if the Sen­ jacent to Fort Leonard Wood, Mo., was ator would have any objection to a re­ The Senate resumed the consideration decontrolled by the housing expediter in quest that the · resolution temporarily of the joint resolution (S. J. Res. 207) Septemper 1949. The recent expansion of lie on the table and that the Senator to continue for a temporary period cer­ military personnel at the fort from a skele­ from Missouri may renew his request tain provisions of the Housing and Rent ton force to over 35,000 offi.cers and men Act of 194 7, as amended. · created a serious shortage of rental hous­ after the Senator from Washington has ing. conferred with members of the Commit­ Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, I rise . I tee on Foreign Relations. in support of Senate Joint Resolution Mr. Eugene M. Zuckert, Assistant Sec­ 207, which proposes to continue the pro­ retary of the Air Force, corroborated this Mr. MAGNUSON. I have no objec­ visions of the Housing and Rent Act of tion. statement before the Senate Banking 1947 until February 28, 1951. As has and Curr~ncy Committee by stating: - Mr. KEM. That course is entirely been stated many times, Senate Joint agreeable to me. Furthermore, the present emergency has Resolution 207 is merely a stop-gap meas­ made it necessary for us to recruit addi­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ ure designed to put off a decision which tional civilian personnel and to utilize 'their out objection, it is so ordered. must be taken finally, but which can best services where housing is already at a pre­ Mr. ·WHERRY. It seems to me that if be taken at another time. At the pres­ mium because of various reasons. Accord­ the subject is to be considered, regard­ ent time the Congress is confronted with ingly, any rental increases in these areas less of its merits or demerits, the resolu­ other pressing problems which will re­ would make them unattractive to potential tion should be ·brought before the Sen­ quire our full time between now and the civilian employees and would have a very ate within the next few days. I com­ adverse effect upon our efforts to retain first of the year. We must be prepared trained ~ivilian personnel at these locations. mend the-senator from Missouri for ask­ to ~nswer .the international challenges ing that the resolution be referred to a hurled at us, for on our answers will Do we really need this bill? It has standing committee, because such com­ hang the fate of our Nation and of the been suggested by one Member of this mittee can consider the resolution and free world. body that the present Rent Control Act report it either favorably or unfavor­ My position on rent control is known be permitted to expire on December 31, ably. Therefore, it is the fair way of to the Senate. Earlier this year I in­ 1950, in order to wipe the slate clean so handling such a resolution. However, in troduced a bill which would have that the Eighty-second Congress may re­ view of the subject matter involved, I strengthened rent control where it was examine the whole issue of rent control should like t.o ask that sometime during needed, and which would have permitted on its merits. In my opinion, such a the afternoon the acting majority leader decontrol where controls were not course of action would be detrimental take the opportunity to confer with needed. I felt then that the time for to our defense efforts. It could very well members of the Committee on Foreign complete decontrol had not yet arrived. be highly dangerous to our whole eco­ Relations and that the distinguished I feel even more strongly today that" the nomic structure. Senator from Missouri may have an op­ time for decontrol 's not here. Under any conditions, ·whether or not portunity to renew his request. In order to meet the ·international Senate Joint Resolution 207 is passed, Mr. MAGNUSON. I think that is a crisis which faces us, we have enacted the Eighty-second Congress will be fair request. the Defense Production Act of 1950 called upon to examine the entire ques­ Mr. KEM. Mr. President, I have been which gives the President authority to tion of rent control. Senate Joint Reso­ informed that several other Senators allocate materials, and to establish ra­ lution 207 merely maintains the status would like to join in sponsoring the reso­ tioning, and wage and price controls. quo until that reexamination can take lution. I ask unanimous consent that Already the organizations to exercise place. On the other hand, if the pres­ the names of such Senators may be these controls are being set up and we ent act is allowed to expire, it will mean added to the resolution. are straining every sinew to increase our untold hardships for our defense work­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ production to meet the deepening world ers and military personnel. out objection, it is so ordered. crisis. Without a doubt, we shall soon . The defense effort will be hampered. (The names of the original and addi­ see the establishment of price controis The present· organization which is ad­ tional sponsors appear on the resolution and wage controls in one form or an­ ministering rent control will be dispersed as printed in the RECORD.) other. In the face of these efforts to and an unlimited amount of time and Mr. SALTONSTALL subsequently said: mobilize and protect our national eco­ effort will be necessary to set up new Mr. President, the Senator from Mis­ nomic structure, how can we permit rent criteria for determining rent levels, es­ souri [Mr. KEM] today submitted a reso­ controls to lapse? Surely it is obvious pecially on those units which are decon­ lution on behalf of himself and a number that exorbitant rents are just as infla­ trolled by reason of the expiration of of other Senators. I wish to associate tionary as exorbitant prices. Surely it the present act. l'n,Yself with the first half of the resolu­ is just as difficult for the defense worker As I said before, this bill would merely tion, because I believe that not only or the soldier to pay inflated prices for continue the status quo. In areas where should we have a full and complete re­ shelter as it is to pay inflated prices for there will be no concentration of de­ port concerning the conversations the food and clothing, fense effort, the process of decontrol may 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16175 continue exactly as it has in the past. In rope. It would strike a mortal blow at from the old style of imperialistic the controlled areas, rent increases may the Atlantic Pact, which we are now try­ colonialism or the exploitation of weak­ be granted whenever they are found to ing to develop and strengthen. er peoples. All we want iS to be turned be justified. The authority of. incorpo­ Freedom, justice, and courage know no loose and to be enabled to find out our rated cities and towns to remove their races and no boundaries. If we only own destiny, to be a part of the family areas from Federal controls would be have the courage in this crisis to stand of nations, without superimposed con­ unaffected. · tog.ether everywhere and to honor our trols. We do not want to .be taken over." This bill. may be described as a rear­ principles everywhere we will find that This was said right in an open meet­ guard action, a delaying action neces­ our strength is greater than we knew, ing, and I talked with those represent­ sary to give the'Eighty-second Congress sufficiently great to hold the front for atives afterward. They said in that time to review the whole subject of rent freedom throughout the world-and I meeting, "We do not want to be taken control. If this bill is not enacted, the emphasize again the word "freedom." over by communism as China has been Eighty-second Congress must start from The issue that is before us today is the taken over. But we are in danger of be­ scratch. If the bill is enacted, it will clear issue of naked and shameless ag­ ing taken over unless this aspiration of provide a basis from which to work. It gression. If I read the United Nations ours in some way. is realized, and un­ is my earnest hope· that Senate Joint Charter aright, those who wrote the less it is possible for the people of the Resolution 207 will be· enacted into law. Charter and the countries which ratified east to be as free as the people of the it were determined that aggression by west hope to be . . All we ask is not money, THE FIGHT FOR FREEDOM IS force should be curbed and that prin­ not alms, but a sympathetic understand­ WORLD-WIDE . ciples should be established and means ing of our plight, the sending of . aid Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Presi­ provided to prevent aggression. I wish wherewith we can build up our economic dent, in the light of the present critical to refer in this connection to the out­ security, whereby we can supply our own world-wide situation it seems to me ap­ standing address delivered by the distin- defense." propriate to make a few observations on . guished Senator from California [Mr. Mr. President, I say we cannot hold some of the issues which are before those KNOWLAND J on Monday, and I wish to that human freedom is less worth sup­ who are considering where we go from . quote, if I may, two questions he asked, porting in Asia than it is in Europe. In here. We are aware that there are de­ which .I repeat and underline. The first fact it is my own judgment th:at the sup­ bates today in the· United Nations, and is: porting of human freedom in Asia today there are conferences .now being held, Are we now to take the position that hu­ is one of the keystones on which we can probably at this very moment, between man freedom is less worth supporting in hope to build our security in Europe and the President of the United States and Asia than it is in Europe? throughout the world. Those in Europe his advisers and representatives of Great That is the first question. The second who are suggesting even that we should Britain, and I feel called upon by a sense question is this, and it is likewise the ease up and draw a way from Asia in ·of urgency to express some of the con­ question of the Senator from California: ord_er to be stronger in Europe are in my victions I have on the problems now judgment making a basic, fundamental Is aggression any less dangerous to peace mistake which they will live to regret. pending. because it has been committed by a larger Let me say at the beginning, Mr. power? · I am making no charges and no sug­ President, that what is going on is a gestions as to those who may be giving world-wide fight for freedom. I pause a We do not hesitate to move in and · voice to the thought that we should do moment to address a few remarks to our take action against small aggressions. such things, but I understand it is a guests from Great Britain. As Prime We have been trying to deal with minor part of the conversations which are going Minister Attlee said a few days ago, aggressions all over the world, but when on. I think our close friends from trouble always brings us closer together. we have the threat of a great aggression, Britain must realize the dangers to May it always be thus. We thoroughly or the actuality of a great aggression, we themselves if they once let down in their reciprocate his sentiments. are prepared, apparently, to consider the support of the aspirations for human Mr. President, we in America are fully possibility of backing down for the sake of expediency, in ·order to be safe. freedom which are the background of conscious of the great sacrifices of Eu­ civilization. Let me say a word about the first ques­ rope in the cause of freedom in our time. Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the We have seen two terrible world wars, tion asked by the Senator from Cali­ fornia: Senator yield? and we have seen the countries of Eu­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield. rope devastated. I pay tribute to the ~re we to take the position that human heroism that has marked the course of freedom is less worth supporting in Asia than Mr. CHAVEZ. Does not the Senator the people of those countries. it is in Europe? from New Jersey, who in my opinion is we have full faith that their devotion I had the privilege in September to be contributing a great thought to the Sen­ to freedom-and I emphasize the word a representative of the United States at ate and to the American people, also feel "freedom"-is undiminished in this time the meeting of the Interparliamentary that possibly our other ally and member of danger. For a decade we have stood Union in Dublin, Ireland. At that meet­ of the United Nations, France, is making solidly with Europe in the struggle for ing I heard expressions from representa­ a mistake with regard to Indochina? freedom, and nothing will make us tives of all the nations present, which Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. If the abandon Europe now. But I wish to numbered 30 or 40. Particularly there Senator will permit me, I will come to his emphasize that in unity there is strength, were present the representatives of the question in a few moments. As the and we must find unity in our approach far-eastern countries. I even felt that next step in my remarks I was coming to to our present problems. the far-eastern countries stole the show the United Nations. Not merely the Unity must include unity of purpose. because they asserted certain principles United States of America, but the United America takes a world view, and we in­ they were· seeking to attain. They tried Nations has put its hand to the plow vite our friends in Europe to do the same. to point out to the western powers some to put down aggression in Korea. British · I submit that we cannot have one policy . of the principles we should consider in troops have been fighting with great in Europe and another policy in Asia. the present developing world situation. valor beside our American forces. Is Some voices are being raised asking us to There were at the meeting representa­ their sacrifice to be thrown away in ap­ abandon Asia in order to strengthen tives from India, Ceylon, Burma, Thai- Europe. As I see it, such a course would . land, Indochina, Indonesia, and other peasement of aggression or in withdraw­ be the utmost folly. To weaken the areas in the Far East and in the Middle ing from what we have sought to do? forces of freedom anywhere is to weaken East. They said to us, "You western Fifty-three nations, large and small, them everywhere. powers, which lay so much stress on have backed the bold United Nations A course of appeasement in Asia, a human freedom, shou,ld think through st~nd in Korea. If these nations were course of rewarding the aggressor or seriously what we in the Far East have right in opposing aggression when we passing over the wrongs of the aggressor, been striving for. We have been striv­ were winning, are they wrong in oppos­ would hearten and strengthen aggres­ ing to get away.from superimpose.ct con­ in·g aggression new that we are in sors everywhere, including those in Eu- trols. We have been striving to get away trouble? · 16176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 6 In a short period of time we seem to Mr. CHAVEZ. Especially after we be so kind as to permit me to read at this have a complete turnover of the picture. started with such great ideals when the time, for about half a minute, a letter There was an enthusiastic respons~ to United Nations was organized some 5 with reference to God and the situation the call for resistance to aggression when years ago. I believe the Senator from in the United Nations. the Korean trouble broke out last June. New Jersey is on sound ground when he Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I shall be The United Nations took, as I thought, a states that we should not now retreat very glad to have the distinguished Sen­ correct stand, and moved in to stop ag­ from principles. We may have to make ator do so, if he is willing to h &.ve his gression. My question is. Are they now a military retreat for the moment, but remarks appear in the RECORD at the con­ to withdraw, because things seem to be that should be done only so we can come clusion of my remarks, so that the con­ going the wrong way? back and fight again to carry out the tinuity of my statement will not be inter­ Twice the aggressor has defied the principles adopted by the United Nations. fered with. United Nationc:; . When the defiance Mt. SMITH of New Jersey. The Sen­ Mr. CHAVEZ. Certainly, and I thank came from the North Korean puppets, ator from New Mexico is entirely correct. the Senator. we of the United Nations fought them He expresses the very thought I am try­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I am very and prevailed. Now that the defiance is ing to express. glad to have the Senator from New Mex­ by Chinese Communists, motivated by The cause of freedom-and I again ico read the letter. Moscow, and the power is JO times as emphasize the word "freedom"-is Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, this great, are we to give up and say we were world-wide and indivisible. Freedom morning's Washington Post carries a wrong? can prevail only if the free people of the letter written by a clerygman of this city There is a difference between being world are united and working together to to the Post. His letter is along the same temporarily pushed back, as we were in oppose despotism in any farm in which lines as the remarks the distinguished Bataan, and trying to appease the sit­ it may appear. • Senator from New Jersey has been mak­ uation and practically admit that per­ Our unity does not depend on any tem­ ing. The letter reads as follows: haps we had made a mistake, and had porary success or expediency. It does GOD IN THE UN better have done something else. not depend on where the battle lines are More than 5 years ago the United Nations I say we must stand for the right, no drawn. It does not depend on the mili­ decided that God should not be invoked at matter how great the forces against us, tary question of continuing the fight in its meetings. The chief reason for the re­ and see it through. The very survival Korea or making an honorable retreat, jection of the Creator from the momentous or moving back and consolidating our deliberations of this organization was the of the United Nations, and of all the fear that any mention of the Supreme Being United Nations stands for, depends on lines. The fact that we are forced to do that by the sheer force of numbers is no might be offensive to our "good allies," the the courage and firmness in the right of atheistic representatives of the Soviet Gov .. its members at this particular moment. disgrace. That is one of the incidents ernment. It is my own judgment that the United of military operations. But I am argu­ Today, as we look back on the most ap· Nations may well collapse if we yield or ing that there should be no retreat from palling record of futility and confusion ever appease during the present aggression. principle, from what the United Nations presented by an assembly of presumably in­ stands for, for what we all stand for, telligent statesmen, it sho·uld be evident that The great danger is that we will retreat and that is human freedom under Al­ there is a connection between the exclusion in panic. When I say that I do not mean mighty God. of God from the UN and the colossal fail­ that we may not have to make a military Mr. President, our unity lies only in ures that have characterized its efforts. Isn't retreat and reconsolidate our forces, and it possible that if the delegates, from now that sort of thing. That can be done, our common moral purpose. If through on, humbly call on God for light and guid­ and frequently is, as in the case of Ba­ appeasement we should surrender that ance before each session, tpey will be more taan, when it was necessary to retreat moral purpose and the principles for successful? In these critical days of anxiety and start from another point. We may which we stand and for which the United and fear it might be well to try this plan. Nations stand, in order to gain a mo­ Very Rev. F. J. O'CONNELL, have to retreat. But the danger is that ment of respite in Korea or for any other C. SS. R., S. T . D., Dean of Theology, we may retreat from the basic principles reason, we would break the movement CatlJ- olic University of America. for which we stand, the principles on for unity of the free world everywhere. WASHINGTON. which the United Nations itself is found­ The fall of all Europe would follow soon ed. The big threat to us today is the Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. · Let me danger of retreat · from fundamental after. We cannot afford to run to cover say to the Senator from New Mexico, and safety when great principles are in­ in commenting on the letter he has jlist principles. This we must never do any­ volved. where in the world. We know what those read, that I have felt, as he implies, that principles are. We see a violation of the If we maintain our united moral pur­ what is going on in the world is a war pose, the purpose of the United Nations, between materialistic, communistic athe­ basic principle of the whole United Na­ then from that purpose we can develop tions Charter, which is to resist unjus­ ism, and the Western, .Christian tradi­ the proper strategy in every quarter of tion in which all of us believe. I have tified aggression or aggression anywhere. the gIObe. We will not always be win­ Let me say in answer to the question always taken the position, being a man ning, but in the end we will win if we of faith, that it would have been a most asked by the Senator from New Mexico: are always in the right. or course, the principle I am discussing enlightening and helpful and uplifting As we stood together in June against thing if the United Nations could have a~plies to all the nations that are con­ the shock of aggression, I plead that we cerned with us in this great enterprise. found a ground on which its meetings stand together now, everywhere in the could have been opened by the invoca­ They all have responsibilities. I under­ world. No matter how difficult the task stand that in the case of Indochina the tion of Divine aid. may be, if we have the united will to Mr. CHAVEZ. I thank the Senator. French have tried to solve the problem do it, we will find the means; we will and bring about a free and independent save the United Nations as the great UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY Ir..dochina at the earliest date. It is a hope of the world for a lasting peace. Mr. McCARTHY obtained the floor. difficult problem. During the delivery of the remarks of Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the Mr. SMITH of New Jersey: Senator from Wisconsin yield to me, to Senator yield? Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the permit me to suggest the absence of a Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield. Senator yield? quorum? Mr. CHAVEZ. I fully agree with the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. AIKEN Mr. McCARTHY. Yes; if it is under­ Senator from New Jersey that if princi­ in the chair) . Does the Senator from stood that by doing so I shall not lose ples are to .apply in one place; if they are New Jersey yield to the Senator from the floor. I ask urnmimous consent that worth fighting for, if they are worth the New Mexico? I may yield for that purpose without sacrifices which are being made in Korea Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield. losing my right to the fioor. at the moment, then they should apply Mr. CHAVEZ. I dislike very much to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without. everywhere in the world. interrupt the Senator at this particular objection, it is so ordered. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. . The Sen­ moment, but he has mentioned Almighty Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, I sug­ ator is absolutely correct. God. I wonder whether the Senator will gest the absence of a quorum. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16177 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The No. 1: The Forrestal plan, which Tru­ of 5 years ago, he could hardly have clerk will call the roll. man fortunately adopted for Greece and pictured a 5-year development more The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the Turkey. As we all know, the Forrestal favorable to international atheistic foilowing Senators . answered to their plan, simply stated, was to give all the communism. names: necessary military aid to :l'eople who Of the three plans the Hiss-Acheson Aiken Hiil Morse themselves were willing to fight com­ plan for Asia should be completely and Anderson Hoey Mundt munism-enough military aid to make unequivocably repudiated in its every Brewster Holland Myers them strong enough to withstand inter­ · vicious detail. The Forrestal plan, which Bricker Hunt Neely Butler Ives Nixon national communism. While sufficient worked so well in Greece and Turkey, Byrd Johnson, Tex. O'Conor economic aid was given to make the mili­ obviously must receive wholehearted Cain Johnston, S. c. O'Mahoney tary aid effective and workable, the em­ approval; and the Acheson-Marshall Capeh art Kefauver Pepper Chapman Kem Robertson phasis at all times under the Forrestal plan for Europe should be completely Chavez Kerr Russell plan was to be on military aid. The For­ changed so as to conform to the For­ Clements Kilgore Saltonstall restal plan, as we know, proved very restal plan for Greece and Turkey. Connally Knowland Schoeppel successful. · Corp.on Langer Smith, Maine Now let us look briefly at the State Don nell Leahy Smith, N. J, · No. 2: The Acheson-Marshall plan for Department's plan for Asia insofar as it Douglas Lehman Smith, N. C. all of western Europe, which was direct­ affects the life and death of this Nation Dworshak Long Stennis ly opposite to the Forrestal plan for Eastland Lucas Taft and the life and death of 100,000 of our Ecton McCarran Taylor Greece and Turkey. It consisted of giv­ young men in Korea-the plan to turn Ellender McCarthy Thomas, Okla. ing the maximum economic aid with no all of Asia over to international com- Flanders McClellan Thomas, Utah thought whatsoever of any military de­ . munism, or, putting. it in Lattimore's Fulbright McFarland Thye George McKellar Tydings fense of western Europe. In fact, the words to "allow them to fall, but do not Gillette McMahon Watkins over-all plan was to build up the area let it' appear that we pushed them." Gurney Magnuson Wherry economically and keep it defenseless from This plan was proceeding according to Hayden Malone Wiley Hendrickson Maybank Williams a military standpoint. schedule until Truman on June 26 or­ Hickenlooper Millikin Young Mr. KEM . .Mr. President, will the dered MacArthur to defend South Korea. The PRIDSIDENT pro tempore. A Senator yield? This, of course, was directly contrary to Mr. McCARTHY. I yield .. Acheson's previous public statements in quorum is present. Mr. KEM. Is it not true that the which he publicly assured the Chinese Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, it is Marshall plan, as originally proposed by Communists that neither Formosa nor unnecessary to tell the Senate, the coun­ General Marshall, included Russia Korea was within our defense perimeter, try, or the world that America is facing among its beneficiaries? thereby inviting the Communists to move the greatest military disaster in its en­ Mr. McCARTHY. That is certainly into Korea and Formosa. While it ap­ tire history. Day by day and hour by true. peared upon the surface on June 26 that hour the situation grows blacker, black­ The Acheson-Marshall plan fitted per­ Truman was scrapping the disastrous er for the world, blacker for the United fectly with Communist Russia's desire Hiss-Acheson-Jessup-Lattimore-Vincent States and more particularly is it pain­ for a power vacuum in all of western plan, actually the reversal and the scrap­ fully blacker for over 100,000 American Europe. On paper, as we know, there ping did not go deep. It can now be young men in Korea. was a material and welcome change in seen that the Communists sustained only At this very moment the mothers and the Acheson-Marshall plan for western a temporary, minor loss, that is, tempo~ wives of those young men are treading · Europe over a year ago. The change is rary and minor unless-unless at this late deeply into the valley_of darkness and on paper. At that time, as. the Senate date· we scrap the entire Acheson plan, despair. It is not necessary to use high­ will recall, we voted vast sums of money lock, stock, and barrel, and scrap the sounding works to describe the situation for the military defense of western men who were responsible for the plan. to our men in Korea. Those men, their Europe. As of today, howe.ver, western For example, as we all recall, part of mothers, fathers, and wives, see the sit­ Europe is still defenseless, while our Truman's order to the Seventh Fleet uation in its elemental ugliness. They State Department holds lengthy confer­ was that it prevent the Republic of China are face to face with facts-facts that ences with European leaders on such from taking any military action against cannot be escaped by pious platitudes. questions as whether or not an additional the Chinese Communists on the main­ It is high time for all, including those 500 policemen can safely be allowed to land. Truman's orders to the Seventh responsible for administration policy, to Western Germany. Fleet also were to break Chiang Kai­ get down to rugged reality, to look at con­ No. 3: The Hiss-Acheson-Jessup-Lat­ shek's blockade of the Communist main­ ditions as they actually .are today, and timore-Vincent plan to turn all of Asia land. This released over a quarter of a not as we wish them to be. over to the Communists and to then million Communist troops which were It is not too late for a realistic exam­ cooperate with those friendly · Commu­ stationed upon the mainland of China ination or a reexamination, if you will, of nists. In other words, in one area of opposite Formosa. the situation to produce some lessening the world the plan was to fight inter­ Strangely-and rather significantly­ of the perils of those gallant men now national communism with economic aid; in Acheson's speech of last week he ad­ fighting on one of the frontiers of free­ in another area it was to fight internat­ mitted that he knew that those troops dom. Upon the results of such an ex­ ional communism with military aid; and started moving north to the Manchurian amination we must chart a course of ef­ in the third area it was to turn every­ border after they were assured by the fective action, and we must be prompt in thing over to the Communists. Acheson-inspired Truman order · that doing so. Promptness, Mr. President, is I know it is unnecessary to comment they could safely leave the China coast no less required than realism, we are upon the fact that of the three plans and there would be no danger of Chiang like the firemen who debate while the the only one which has been successful Kai-shek moving over. house burns down. from the American standpoint is the As a result of this Acheson-inspired In this time of peril, it is the duty of Forrestal .plan as appUed to Greece and Truman order, at this moment a quarter everyone-Democrat, Dixiecrat, or Re­ Turkey. The most disastrous for Amer­ of a n.illion troops which had been im­ publican-to work in the . national in­ ica and most successful from the stand­ mobilized on the China coast by Chiang terest. We are all, first of all, Americans. point of international communism was, Kai-shek's forces are now surrounding But it is not in the national interest to of course, the Hiss-Acheson-Jessup-Lat­ and cutting to pieces American forces in unite in support of error, or of policies timore-Vincent plan for Asia. As of North Korea. Those Chinese Commu­ that have failed. Unity then would today the failure of the Acheson-Mar­ nists are using equipment which would only compound the damage of the past. shall plan for western Europe has riot not have gotten to them had the Amer­ World history is littered with the corpses yet been demonstrated to the American ican fleet not been ordered to break of nations which were united behind bad people. Suffice to say we are creating Chiang Kai-shek's blockade of the China leadership following the wrong course. in Europe exactly what Russia desires, coast. This double barrelled action to Let us briefly examine the three plans namely, an area which is becoming eco­ aid the Chinese Communists was not which this administration has used in nomically prosperous, but completely United Nations action. It was action three of the major areas of the world in undefended-a power vacuum. In Sta­ taken by President Truman under the the last 5 years. lin's wildest and most optimistic dreams advice of Dean Gooderham Acheson. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE" DECEMBER 6 At this point I should like to pay trl.b­ tact on the China mainland. This will American military service we should es­ ute to a Senator who has been doing a force the withdrawal of vast numbers of tablish quotas similar to our prewar im­ most important work, and who made a. Communist troops from the Korean bat­ migration quotas, but without the un­ great speech on the floor of the Senate tlefields. fortunate oriental exclusion clauses for today. · I refer to the Senator from Third. Reverse the Truman-Acheson those who will serve our cause. Upon Maryland [Mr. O'CoNoRJ. He is per- · order to the Seventh Fleet so that Chiang completion of this service these valuable forming a valuable service· in attempt­ may make such military movements allies should be granted full citizenship ing to stop the flow of these goods, even · against the China mainland as he and in the United States. Plans should be at this late date. General MacArthur consider advisable. made not only to avail ourselves of this Let us keep that part of the picture Practically every one of our military source of manpower now, but also if and clearly in mind. While the President men-in fact, every one with whom I when Russia succeeds in occupying west­ was ordering our young men to fight and have discussed the question-:-agrees that ern Europe. die in the battle against Communists in this action will force the Chinese to with­ Eighth. Request withdrawal of recog­ Korea, Acheso·n was saying to his Chi­ draw additional vast numbers of troops nition of the Chinese Communist gov­ nese Communist friend~the "agrarian from the Korean fight, even if Chiang ernment by all those nations to whom we reformers": "Don't worry, the Acheson never moves to 'the mainland. If the have been giving billions of dollars · to hand will again be quicker than the Tru­ threat is there it will force the Chinese strengthen them so as to resist commu­ man brain. I will have him sign an to withdraw additional vast numbers of nism. order under which the Seventh Fleet will troops from the. Korean fight. I think it is extremely important that make it unnecessary for you to guard the Fourth. Reverse the Acheson inspired we notify those European nations that China mainland from Chiang Kai­ Truman order to the Seventh Fleet so this is a two-way street. · When we spend shek's 500,000 troops on Formosa. I will that Chiang Kai-shek may again block­ billions of dollars trying to aid them, insert in that order a provision forbid­ ade the Com~unist ports, and, of course, when the chips are down we should be ding the continuance of the blockade have our Navy take part in the block- able to call upon them for something in of the China coast by Chiang Kai-shek. . ade. return. Certainly it is not calling upon Then ·you can get the necessary war ma­ Fifth. In Japan we must have imme­ them for much to ask them to withdraw teri~l and oil which Chiang has pre­ diate peace for a free, sovereign and recognition of the government which is vented reaching your armies.'' democratic Japan with or without Rus­ conducting undeclared war against our But that was only one of the major sian concurrence. In these times it is young men. Failure on the part of any ~ervices which our State Department ridiculous for the United States to be of them to do so should be considered bas rendered the Chinese Communists. in the position of defending the Japa­ by us as proof positive of their .bad faith With half a million Chinese Commu­ nese. Japanese rearmament must pro­ ~nd lack of sincerity, and that_they ha~e nists in Korea-I believe it is now 1,000,- ceed at full speed, but on a basis similar been obtaining our aid under false pre­ 000-killing American men, Acheson to that of the North Atlantic Pact. To tenses. Such aid should immediately says, "Now let's be calm; let's not take forestall the danger of an independent cease to those nations who refuse this hasty action; let's do nothing to alienate and remilitatized Japan we can estab­ request. the friendship of the Chinese Commu­ lish a western Pacific pact consisting ·of We know that at Yalta we were ·be­ nists who are killing our men. Let's keep the United States, Australia, New Zea­ trayed. We know that since Yalta the them friendly." land, the Philippines, Japan, and the leaders of this Government by design With the rim of the world on fire, Republic of China. and ignorance have continued to betray with the death toll of American men Sixth. In western Europe we should us. The depth and foulness of that be­ mounting by the hour, the ·great Red immediately shift from the Acheson­ trayal no man can as yet outline for Dean asks us to be calm and patient. It Marshall plan to the Forrestal type of those of us who are its victims. We also is like advising a man whose home is plan, which was effective in Greece and know that the same men who betrayed being pillaged and burned, whose family Turkey-the plan to immediat~ly build America are still leading America. The is being killed, to be calm and not take up the military potential in western traitors must no longer lead the be­ hasty action for fear he might alienate Europe, creating an army not of Ameri­ trayed. The international criminals the affection of the murderers. can young men, but of European young must no longer splatter the pages of Such has been the blueprint for dis­ men, including the tens of thousands of history with American blood. We of aster. It doesn't take a military or dip­ Germans and Spaniards who are willing America are infinitely stronger than lomatic expert to tell the American peo­ to fight against Communist aggression. those who betrayed us would have the ple that if we continue with the same We should be done with the Acheson idea world believe. We are tougher than they plans and the same planners 100,000 that only American bQYS can die in the have the courage to admit. We are more men will be sacrificed on Acheson's altar fight against communism. free than they wish us to be, and we are of double dealing, and western civiliza­ At home and abroad we can little af­ ready to fight for what we know is right, tion will have been dealt a staggering ford projects of economic defense at the but .we must not :fight under the leader­ blow. expense of military defense. Any policy ship of perfumed, dilettante diplomats. So clear is the answer to the question or program that does not contribute to We cannot :fight successfully under the of what can and must be done that the rapid and increased military ·strength leadership of those who are either half question almost answers itself. on the part of the West cannot.be in our loyal or disloyal to what we are :fighting Fir~t. Instead of calmness and pa­ best interests. This inust be made quite for. tience with the Chinese Communists, clear to our European allies, for we can­ Nor do I think that General Marshall what is needed is speedy action of the not afford haggling in debate when the should continue his heavy responsibilities roughest and toughest kind of which necessity of the times demands coopera­ at his advanced age, and particularly we are capable. The time for patience tion, wisdom, and· quick action. In this since he, too, has been heavily involved is past. The time for action is at hand. connection it must be kept in mind that in the erroneous China policy. I -can­ General Douglas MacArthur should be Russia wants uncontrolled inflation or not too strongly urge that General Mar­ immediately given the authority to hit economic collapse in the United States. shall would be infinitely more valuable the Chinese. Communists wherever. We must deal with the infl.ation prob­ to the Nation as an elder statesman in whenever, and however he thinks it nec­ lem at home, and clearly recognize that Leesburg. If he were there his doctors essary so long as they are killing Ameri­ one of Russia's war weapons is economic would be more satisfied, and his talents can men. We cannot and must not wait warfare, and that we may have gravely would be available as needed, as are on United Nations fiddling while our men overreached ourselves in economic com­ those of our other fine elderly statesmen. are dying. Every minute we wait means Ir£itments abroad. Within the next few days I intend to more American dead, and new agony and Seventh. Through the prestige of the discuss in some detail the insidious Com­ tears for additional American families. United States and the appeal of the munist Party line attacks by inspired Second. Give the Chinese Republic the American ideal as demonstrated, we and semiofficial press agents of the Gov­ airplanes; tanks, guns, and ammunition have an additional vast source of man­ ernment, and by certain of the dangerous which are needed to supply the million power which we must not fail to utilize. party-line radio commenators and news guerrillas with which they have con- On the basis of, say, 5 years honorable columnists-attacks by the cabal that 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16179 hounded Forrestal to death, and did such able funds," as well as much of his own jeopardize this Nation for its own selfish an efficient job of destroying Chiang. Kai­ money, and that more was needed. His interest." friends produced $50,e>OO immediately; the she~~i n the eyes of the American people, The Defense Secretary invited more leftist money was carried that night to Paris by an animosity when he opposed the Morgenthau the same cabal that is now making an American intelligence officer and paid next plan for the destruction of German industry.. all-out effort in an attempt to destroy day to a prominent Communist leader. The The plan is now almost universally ~cknowl­ Qen. Douglas MacArthur because he strike ended within 12 hours. edged to have been ridiculous. too, even as did James Forrestal ~nd as During the Italian elections, in the spring These twin positions caused a number of does Chiang Kai-shek, stands in the way of 1948, Forrestal acted in the same forth­ writers and commentators, . including Drew of international atheistic communism. right manner. We h ave taken much credit Pearson and Walter Winchell, to join in Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ for our part in that first postwar victory of what the Saturday Evening Post described the west over the Reds. We prayed, we as reckless and sadistically savage attacks on sent to have printed in the RECORD at wrote letters, we sent food, we promised Forrestal. this point an article entitled "Untold Trieste to the Italians-and our side won. Despite the Zionist · hatred of Forrestal, Facts in the Forrestal Case," written by But we might have lost had not Forrestal when the private money was being raised for William Bradford Huie, and published . spent private funds on his own responsibility. the Italian and French crises, Forrestal's in the New American Mercury. When the Italian campaign was hottest, Jewish friends contributed eagerly and gen- There being no objection, the article he again summoned his friends. He warned erously. · was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, that the election would be lost unless dol­ In the fall of 1948, the rest of the United lars were used to overniatch Red payments States was engaged in a political campaign, as follows: to "Italian propagandists. His friends pro­ but Forrestal was engaged in· a campaign UNTOLD FACTS IN THE FORRESTAL CASE duced, in one lot, upwards of $100,000 in against the Kremlin. It was the year of the · In the 20 months since the destruction of cash, and this was carried by a New York at­ Italian elections, · the French strikes, the James Vincent Forrestal, there has been a torney and paid out in the most effective continuing unification battle, the Berlin creeping realization in this country that what manner. blockade. Forrestal, with his ·incredible en­ happened was much more than a poignant Before he permitted large dollar contribu­ ergy, worked night and day, including Sun­ personal tragedy-that it was a historic na­ tions to the De Gasperi campaign fund, For­ days. In 10 years in Washington he had 3 tional disaster in which a patriot with vision restal received a promise that never, under days vacation. He knew from intelligence was allowed to be done to death by lesser men. any circumstances, would De Gasperi allow reports that the Russians had vent.ured the The disaster is made apparent by events. Communists in his government. This was Berlin blocka.de because the United States. Louis Johnson, for whose accommodation at a time when other agencies of our Govern­ was in the turmoil of an election. He want­ Forrestal was destroyed, has been loaded with ment were still advocating a coalition with ed desperately to keep the Defense Depart­ sins and chased into . the briar patch. We Communists in China. ment out of the political campaign. have suffered 30,000 casualties in Korea who When the Defense Secretary was reminded Forrestal was a Democrat. His father, an might have been spared had Forrestal's poli­ that he might suffer grave consequences if Irish Catholic contractor at Beacon, N. Y., cies prevailed. Thoughtful Americans are, his activities were made public, he replied: had been a Cleveland man. Jim Forrestal, therefore, remembering that it was Forrestal "Don't worry about that. These are times at Princeton, and during the years when he who struggled to arm this Nation for its com­ that demand personal risk. I am ready to had made himself a millionaire in Wall mitments, and there is a growing inclination take any consequences of this action." Street, had remained a Democrat and a party to look again at his crucifiers and their cloak In addition to finance, Forrestal also em­ contributor. At Roosevelt's invitation he holders-at those whom Time magazine ployed deception. He had· no authority to had resigned his $180,000-a-year job in 1940 identified. as "disgruntled politicians, Com­ give American tanks to the Italians, but. he and plunged into public service with all his munists, .Zionists, and gossip columnists," was, with author.J.ty, shipping tanks to characteristic energy. He was admired by and whom the Saturday Evening Post labeled Greece. He, t~erefore, arranged for freight­ such diverse individuals as Harold Ickes and "an ill-assorted group of ideological liber­ ers loaded with Greece-bound tanks to "re­ John D. Rockefeller, Jr. tarians." fuel" at ·Naples, and while the ships were Forrestal's relations with Truman were Much of the truth has thus far been sup­ "refueling," American troops in civilian friendly but not warm. Forrestal was no pressed, but the ghost of Jim Forrestal is not clothes "broke in" the tanks by driving poker player, no political opportunist, no going to be laid until there are reasonable them down Italian streets in parades with professional Legionnaire •. no practitioner of answers to such questions as these : Italian soldiers, thus giving the impression the expedient; he was busy and serious. It Why was the attack on Forrestal so reek· that the tanks had been delivered to Italy. is possible that he, with his first-rate brain • less and sadistically rnvage? After the election a cardinal then residing and immense, world-wide experience, was Why have his papers been held secret? in Rome declared: "The Communists blame. somewhat contemptuous of Truman, but he Where is the report of those who investi· Mr. Forrestal for this defeat. They have never revealed it. Instead, even when the gated his death? marked him as their No. 1 enemy. He under­ President flatly refused to support the $17,- Why was the deposed Defense Secretary stands them too well." 000,000,000 budget for the services, Forrestal held a virtual prisoner at Bethesda Naval Such activities by the Defense Secretary did not resign but remained loyal. Hospital-a prisoner who could not be visited were unkn'1wn to the American people, but However, as Defense Secretary .in so dan­ by his own prie~t? . they were well known to Communist agents gerous a period, Forrestal was convinced that The American people can expect some of in Washington. And these leaders hated and he should not take an active role in trying the truth within the next few months. Un­ plotted against Forrestal because he hit them to reelect Truman. This enraged the politi­ less the administration can prevent it, there where they are weakest, in the venality of cal gang around the White House. They rea­ will be a congressional investigation. There their own members. He showed them that soned in this manner: They needed money; will be publication of such of the Forrestal two can play their game of justifying means Forrestal was the big shot in the Cabinet; papers as can be wrested from a Defense De­ with ends. he was a millionaire Wall Streeter; he had partment now headed by Gen. George c. A complete report on this phase of For­ rich friends; he ought to raise money for Marshall. Meanwhile, this most recent evi­ restal's tremendous activity will be instruc­ Truman. dence gathered by the Mercury may be tive • • • and it will also explain some Thus began the slanders and libels that helpful. of the "sadistic savagery" of the attack ori Forrestal was disloyal to Truman; that he . The Communists, both American and him. had. contributed nothing to the campaign; European, had good reason to hate Jim For-. While the Communists were plotting his that he had made a deal with Dewey. All restal: He hated them. He emerged from political, if not his physical, death, Forrestal of these were lies. He was completely loyal. the Second War dedicated to the destruction incurred the hatred of American Zionists. He contributed $6,000 of his own money to of .communism.. He had opposed every con"'. According to the Nation, the Zionists "de­ the campaign; he asked a number of his cession to bring Russia into the war against plored · Forrestal's apparent willingness to friends to contribute. Truman knew of his Japan. He fought General.Marshall's effort place the oil of the Near East above the re­ contribution; so did Louis Johnson. Two to force Chiang Kai-shek to coalesce with quirements of political justice in Palestine." reputable Republicans can testify that he the Chinese Communists. He battled those Forrestal explained his position in a let­ refused to discuss even the possibility of his men in the State Department who tried to ter: "If we are to safeguard western civiliza .. remaining in a Dewey cabinet. But dedi­ give the Mediterranean to Russia. Forrestal tion in this crisis, the British and American cated as he was to the war against commu- · sat up nights figuring ways to fight Commu .. . fleets must have free access to Near Eastern nism, he did refuse to bfackjack Defense nists. And he was not only willing to fight oil. That is ~ fact, however unpleasant it Department suppliers for campaign funds. them fairly: He was willing to fight their may be. When there is a crisis aboard a One White House pseudo-military figure way. submarine, we close bulkhead doors and remarked: "Yeah, that rich s. o. b. has raised In December 1947, when France was para­ drown a third of the crew in order to save a million bucks to· buy votes in Europe, but lyzed by a general transportation strike, the other two-thirds. I am interested in he's giving us chicken feed to buy votes for Forrestal summoned his most trusted friends political justice in Palestine, but this interest Truman." to Washington. He told them that necessity must remain secondary to my primary inter­ It would perhaps have been better for the demanded the use of dollars in Europe for est, which s the protection of America and country if Forrestal had called in his wealthy bribes. He explained that he had spent all the west from the gravest threat we have friends and explained that he had to raise a of the Defense Department's "non-voucher- ever fa:ced. No minority }?.as the right to million dollars i_n order to s~feguar(l his job. 16180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 6 But he didn't; Louis Johnson did; so John­ Pearson's anti-Forrestal columns from t:ne ney, .John Cahill, of New York, arrived with son became the candidate of the Missouri Washington Post. Dr. William Menninger and Dr. George gang for Defense Secretary. Because Forrestal had been reared in a Raines. The illness was diagnosed as ,pccu­ The day after Truman's inauguration 1n Catholic home, then had drifted away from pational fatigue, and Forrestal was returned 1949 the campaign to "get Forrestal" was the church and married a divorcee, he was to Bethesda Naval Hospital. thrown into high gear. The country has ·attacked as a "renegade Catholic." The of­ Just what happened during the 7 weeks seldom seen its like. The Communists, the fice of Cardinal Spellman, which perhaps Forrestal was at Bethesda may never be "ideological libertarians," the Missouri gang, had not been entirely unaware of Forrestal's known, but here are a few of the strange, and the columnists manned the mud buckets. effective efforts in Europe, rallled to his d·e­ human, and tragic developments. FPoland and the Baltic states. For its unpro­ ing of what can happen in the United States. voked aggression against Finland the expir­ declared: "This great American was as truly Action now will speak louder than words. a casualty of the war as if he had died on . ing League of Nations expelled Russia from the firing line." · · Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, again membership. · Father Sheehy declares: "Had I been al­ the junior Senator from Nebraska But. e,ven today Mr. Acheson has faith in lowed to see my friend, Jim Forrestal, receive the Soviet revolution, thinking perhaps it showed his great ability as a leader. may get on the right track. Speaking before him back in the church, and put his mind Again he has hit the nail on the head. at ease with the oldest and most reliable the United Nations Assembly, at the height medicine known to mankind, he would be And now I ask President Truman: of the Korean debate, Mr. Acheson said: alive today. His blood is on the heads of With the Communist hordes massa­ "Thia perspective takes into account the those who kept me from seeing him." cring our boys in Korea and the whole possibility that the Soviet Government may world trembling on the brink of a war to not be inherently and unalterably committed Dr. Raines ha~ nothing to say, although to standing in the way of peace, and that it a formal demand has been made on the Navy extinction, have you had enough, Mr. may some day accept a live-and-let-live by members of Congress for an explanation President? Will you act before it is too philosophy. as to why Forrestal was denied the comfort late, or are your hands so firmly tied by "The Soviet leaders are realists, in some re­ of his friend and 'spiritual adviser. the Red masters of your administration spects at least. As we succeed in building Meanwhile, the people of the United States that you cannot do what the junior Sena­ the necessary economic and defensive mili­ have paid in blood for the political oppor­ tary strength it will become clear to them tunism which destroyed Forrestal. In a few tor from Nebraska and other patriotic Americans are demanding? that the non-Soviet world will neither col­ years perhaps. a monument may be erected lapse nor· be dismembered piecemeal. to him, an d a suitable inscription might be: Mr. President, I also ask unanimous "Some modification in their aggressive "Here lies a ·patriot who also possessed consent to have published in the RECORD policies may follow, if they then recognize vision. In a period of crisis for his Nation, at this point an article entitled "The that the best interests of the Soviet Union when mediocrity was enthroned in Washing­ Case Against Dean Acheson," written by require a cooperative relationship with the ton, he stood forth as a first-rate mind, a Victor Lasky. Victor Lasky is the co­ outside world. dedicated spirit, an inspiring Renaissance author of the Seeds of Treason. "Time may have its effect. It is but 33 man who understood the realities of the years since the overthrow of the Tsarist world in which he lived, and who, scorning There being no objection, the state­ ment was ordered to be printed in the regime in Russia. This is a short time in opportunism, gave his energy, his mind, and history'. Like many other social and politi­ his. life." · RECORD, as follows: cal movements before it, the Soviet revolu­ WILLIAM BRADFORD HUIE. THE CASE AGAINST DEAN ACHESON tion may change." Mr. McCARTHY. I also ask unani­ (By Victor Lasky) Even the. Korean War, launched by a mous consent to have printed at this When Arthur Bliss Lane, former Ambas­ Kremlin signal, has failed to teach Mr. Ache­ sador to Poland, learned of Dean Acheson's son the facts of the Communist conspiracy. point in the RECORD in a two-page state­ He reveals as the central point of his ow-n ment made by the very able junior Sen­ appointment as Secretary of State, he blurted out, "God help the United States." ideology a studied indifference to the menace ator from Nebraska [Mr. WHERRY] on It was no secret, although Mr. Lane re­ of Soviet dictatorship. November 2, 1950. fu.:;ed to discuss the matter with the press, Mr. Acheson's continuing use of the un­ There being no objection, the state.:. that his perhaps undiplomatic outburst was fortunate phrase, "the Soviet leaders," which .occasioned by his bitter experience trying to presupposes they have a devoted following ment was ordered to be printed in the . and are not cruel · despots who rule with an RECORD, as follows: block a $90,000,000 postwar loan to the Soviet-controlled Warsaw regime. iron hand-is perhaps revealing. 1 The shocking attempt to assassinate the Appealing to the State Department to re­ More revealing was his recent Freedom President emphasizes the seriousness of .the fuse the loan, Mr. Lane had pointed to the House speech in which he admitted that "a Communist menace within the United States . . Red terror in Poland, the arrests of American broad col"'.lpromise" with the Soviet dicta­ It is the · bitter fruit of the years of ap­ citizens, and the crushing of all freedoms. torship was impossible-at this time. Mr. peasement and coddling ·communism in and He added: "With the greatest earnestness of Acheson insisted that as America rearms and out of the Federal Government arid makes which I arn capable, I beg the Department as American rearms Europe "negotiations mandatory swift separation of all subversives not to approve the extension of any credits become possible." l from Government employment. The tragic at this time." "As the strength and durability of the free event at Blair House emphasizes the urgency Nevertheless, the loan was granted with nations bite into the consciousness of the for rigid enforcement of the newly passed the approval of Dean Acheson, then Under Soviet leaders, some modification of their anti-Communist law and an end to efforts Secretary of State. It had been negotiated determination to achieve world domination of those }n charge of administering the law by Donald Hiss, brother of Alger and a mem­ could follow," he said. to discredit it. ber of Mr. Acheson's law firm. "This would open the door on many pos­ The American people want the Mundt­ As it turned out, Mr. Lane was right. The sibilities for the peaceful adjustment of Nixon-McCarthy antisubversive law enforced loan was used to strengthen Soviet control dif.'erences." by officials who are sympathetic to its pur­ of P.oland. In other words, we can still do business poses. In approving it Mr. Acheson could at the with Stalin. The Blair House tragedy furnishes ample very least· be accused of bad judgment. But Mr. Acheson's myopia toward Stalinism has evidence that there must be action. The t'here have been many such cases, too many in large measure led American foreign policy American people are demanding firm action to be explained as mere coincidences. Taken to fail completely-to a point where the mas­ to protect the country against the Comm u­ together they constitute a pattern of be­ ters of the Kremlin now call the tune. nist fifth column which becomes bolder and havior on Mr. Acheson's part which can only For the road to Korea is strewn wit h the bolder every day. be described as serving the interests of the wreckage of Mr. Acheson's miscalculations Announcement by the President in his Soviet Union. and blunders-the chief of which was the . radio address next Saturday night that he Lest this be considered too harsh a judg­ loss of China and its 400,000,000 people to the has ordered all law-enforcement agencies to ment, let it be recalled that recently an offi:. Soviet Union. enforce firmly the provisions of the Mundt­ cial White House spokesman, W. Averell The incredible· theory that the Chinese Nixon-McCarran anti-Communist law will be Harriman, could charge Senator ROBERT A. Reds were not real Reds but "agrarian re-. reassuring to the people in their thankful­ TAFT with actions which further the design formers" was long the cornerstone of the ness t hat the Preside·nt's life has been saved, of the Kremlin. Far East policy promulgated by the Acheson 16182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER ·6 clique. And, according to this group, the himself a flight of moral indignation before Bentley. Mr. Glasser had been a technical Chiang Kai-shek regime was riddled with a group of newspaper editors. adviser for Mr. Acheson at the founding such corruption it could not be saved. Mr. Mr. Acheson accused the Wisconsin Re­ meeting of the United Nations Relief and Re­ Acheson set up standards of purity which publican of a "mad and vicious operation" habilitation. Admlnistration. Despite the could not be found in the New York City in demanding the exposure of alleged Reds charges, Mr. Acheson wrote a letter of rec­ police department much less in Kansas City. in the Department. Mr. Acheson insisted ommendation which Mr. Glasser used to ob­ Despite the fall of China and the Korean that his staff consisted of honorable: loyal, tain an important pqst in a New York chari· mess, Mr. Acheson is still unable to come and clean living American men and women­ ties organization. up with an affirmative Far East policy. He presumably not including the 91 homosexuals Both Hiss brothers continue to hold his clings to a bankrupt program involving the fired by the State Department nor the sev­ friendship which, as Mr. Acheson told a Sen­ eventual recognition of Red China, the dis­ eral Department employees arrested on morals ate Committee looking into his fitness to paragement of Gen. Douglas MacArthur (his charges since. serve as Secretary. "is not easily given and ancient enemy). the abandonment of For.. Mr. Acheson's blanket clearance of all De­ is not easily withdrawn.'' mosa and the sabotage of Chiang Kai-shek's partment employees indicates clearly he is But what unsettled Congress completely valiant efforts to win back his country. As unable--0r unwilling-to believe that the was Mr. Acheson's proclamation that he a result, outside of South Korea, we do not Soviet Union could plant agents or sympa­ would not "turn his back" on Alger Hiss, have one trustworthy ally in Asia. thizers in bis Department. In July 1946 he even after Hiss was convicted by a jury of Presumably, Mr. Acheson's Far East pro­ told a congressional committee that many his peers. gram is based on the gamble that China's persons cited as security risks or loyalty Enligbtened lawmakers who would con­ Red leader, Mao Tse-tung, will become an­ suspects were atfiliated with progressive or­ cede Mr. Acheson the human privilege of other Tito and a thorn in Stalin's side. For ganizations and that he would not fire pro­ standing by a friend felt he could not dis­ Mr. Acheson seems to have an inordinate gressives. associate himself from his otficial positio:'l. in trust in Tito's brand of communism. Many of these progressive organizations commenting at all. Even Senator Scott Meanwhile, Mr. Acheson fa fighting the loan have since been listed by the Attorney Gen• Lucas, the Democratic whip, publicly repu­ to Spain proposed by the Senate. Though eral as subversive and Communist. diated the Acheson declaration. He said it so tolerant of the Red regime in Warsaw, Not even a jury verdict based on a moun­ wasn't doing the party much good. Mr. Acheson deplores the totalitarian nature tain of evidence was apparently enough to Although Mr. Acheson would not "turn his of the Franco regime. convince Mr. Acheson that Alger Hiss was a back" on a convicted traitor, he seems to This peculiar standard toward totalitarians proven Soviet spy. As far back as 1940 or have turned his back on the victims of com­ extends to Yugoslavia. Mr. Acheson is more 1941 Adolf A. Berle, Jr., an Assistant Secre­ munism-the hundreds of Americans who than willing to do business with Marshal tary of State, then in charge of the Depart­ are being held against their will behind the Tito. Apparently the Tito police state is ment's security, warned Mr. Acheson about iron curtain. more palatable to Mr. Acheson than Franco's. the Hiss brothers-Alger and Donald. One of them is Robert A. Vogeler, the At the same time Mr. Acheson has con­ Mr. Berle has since recalled that Mr. Ache­ American businessman sentenced to 15 years stantly come to the defense of persons ac­ son "said he had known the family of these in Hungary in a mock trial. According to cused ·of being Communists, dupes of Com­ boys from childhood and would vouch for Mrs. Vogeler, who saw Mr. Acheson to protest munists or out-and-out Soviet agents. This them absolutely." The record shows that American indifference to her husband's penchant of Mr. Acheson's has led to wide­ Mr. Acheson permitted Alger Hiss to rise to fate, the Secretary spoke of "patience and spread criticism and fear throughout the Na­ important policy-making posts without ap­ fortitude" and asked her to forget a plan she tion that the State Department has become parently making any effort to resolve doubts had for rescue and to keep mum. the haven of a Communist gang. And Mr. as to his loyalty. And Mr. Acheson made "I received nothing but empty promises," Acheson has done little to dispel that ever­ Donald Hiss-his protege--a member of his she bitterly complained to newspapermen. spreading belief. law firm, where he still is today. Mr. Acheson's role in the ·case of Dr. Karl Instead he has repeatedly scoffed at such In 1945 when the FBI arrested six per­ von Kleczkowski is perhaps significant. Dr. allegations. And he has constantly ignored sons on charges involving espionage, in what von Kleczkowski_and his wife had been re­ has become known as the Amerasia case, Mr. cruited in the Balkans for United States warnings of Red infiltration of the Depart­ Acheson went to bat for one of the defend­ Thes~ counterespionage by Gov. George H. Earle, of ment. warnings had come regularly ants, John Stewart Service. Mr. Service, a from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and State Department career omcer, has since Pennsylvania, when he was President Roose­ State Department security otficials. At least admitted turning over secret Government velt's wartime undercover representative. one security officer was chastened for being documents to Philip Jaffe, a known Soviet For their work Governor Earle promised "overzealous." That otficial, his pension at agent. _ them asylum in the United States. But, when they arrived here aboard a United stake, took the hint and was forced into · When Senator McCARTHY revived the Serv­ silence. States Army plane, they were seized and in­ ice case, Mr. Service was called home from terned as enemy aliens. The security situation had become so abroad for a new investigation by a loyalty frightful by June 1947 under Mr. Acheson's board. Even before the board looked into Governor Earle immediately launched a administration of the Department that a Sen­ the matter, Mr. Acheson cleared Service. He campaign in their behalf, charging that ate appropriations subcommittee addressed authorized a statement calling the McCarthy Communist infiuences in the State Depart­ a then secret memorandum to Gen. George charges "dead, discrP.dited, and disproven.'' ment sought their deportation. Mr. Acheson C. Marshall, then Secretary of State. General The statement said "the sympathy and good accused them of being "dangerous enemy Marshall, incidentally, did nothing about the wishes of the entire Department go out" to aliens." . . matter. Mr. Service and his family. No one was very Their attorney, Louis Waldman, demanded "It becomes· necessary due to the gravity much surprised, therefore, when the loyalty a bill of particulars which Mr. Acheson never of the situation to call your attention to a board again cleared Mr. Service. furnished. Mr. Waldman said that perhaps condition tl)at developed and still flourishes Despite his arrest, Mr. Sel'vice has won their anti-Red reports on the Balkan situ­ in the State Department under the admin­ consistent promotions in the State Depart­ ation had led to Mr. Acheson's antagonism. istration of Dean Acheson," the memoran­ ment. Compare this with the treatment ac­ Eventually, they· were deported to South dum stated. corded Angus Ward, a courageous diplomat America. "It is evident that there is a deliberate, of the old school \7ho was detained for 13 Also arousing considerable feelings in calculated program being carried out not only man ths by the Chinese Reds in Mukden. Congress has been the activities of Mr. to protect Communist personnel in high Mr. Ward, who never made any secret of his Acheson's law firm, Covington, Burling, places but to reduce security and intelli­ detestation of the b6 -nice-to-Russia crowd Rublee & Shorb. . gence protection to a nullity. among his colleagues, was finally rewarded In January 1947, Representative PAUL w. "On file in the Department is a copy of with an obscure consular post in British East SHAFER accused Mr. Acheson of profiting a preliminary report of the FBI on Soviet Africa. from business the firm had obtafned from espionage activities in the United States, Apparently Mr. Acheson can't forget or for­ foreign governments. He cited the Polish which involves a large number of State De­ give Mr. Ward for snarling up his plan of loan as an example. partment employees, some in high official recognizing Red China last year by getting · "Along with the other great financial wiz­ positions. This report has been challenged himself arrested. ards of the New Deal," Mr. SHAFER charged, and ignored by those charged with the re­ Another to whose defense Mr. Acheson "Mr. Acheson has learned well how to feather sponsibility of administering the Department rushed was Lauchlin Currie, one of the late his own nest while serving in a public post." with the apparent tacit approval of Mr. President Roosevelt's "anonymous" advis­ Mr. Acheson denied the charge. Acheson. ers. Mr. Currie was named as a fellow The firm got into the news again last Feb­ "Should this case break before the State traveler by both Elizabeth Bentley and ruary when it was disclosed that Mr. Ache­ Department acts, it will be a national dis­ Whittaker Chambers. son's former partner, Charles A. Horsky, was grace. Voluminous files are on hand in the Mr. Currie appeared before the House Un­ circulating a petition demanding as "impera­ Department proving the connection of the American Activities Committee to deny the tive in the public interest" a public investi­ State Department employees and officials of charges. Mr. Acheson acted as his counsel. gation of the "lawless conduct of the FBI." this Soviet espionage ring." Mr. Currie today continues to have State De­ Mr. Horsky accused the FBI of illegal wire Yet at the height of the furor over Sen­ partment backing in hls various ventures. tapping, ri:tling private mail, destroying evi­ ator JOSEPH McCARTHY'S charges against the The Secretary also came to the aid of dence, and counseling false and misleading State Department Mr. Acheson permitted Harold Glasser, another accused by Miss sworn testimony by_FBI agents. • 1950 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-. · SENATE 16183 Alt hough the Communist Party had Worker declared that Mr. Grew's resignation Mr. Acheson from continuing a bitter feud launched its own anti-FBI campaign, Mr. meant that "the forces iri the State Depart­ with the general to this day. That the feud Horsky said he abhorred c·ommunism. There ment which were relatively ·anti-imperialist is recognized by the White House· is indicated is nothing in the· record to indicate how Mr. were strengthened." The Communist Party by the fact that President Truman did not Acheson felt about Mr. Horsky's crusade. had already.praised the new Under Secretary iake ·Mr. Acheson with him on his recent But soon after its disclosure it was ·quietly "as one of the most forward-looking men in Wake Island junket, where he met the gen- stifled. the State Department." On October 7, 1945, eral for the first time ~ · In August 1949, Mr. Acheson scoffed at . the prQ-Soviet newspaper, PM, . now defunc.t, There is nothing in the record to indicate charges that the United Nations had per­ declared: "Now State Department policy has that Mr. Acheson had ever sought General mitted large numbers of Soviet agents to a better appreciation of what the Soviet MacArthur's advice, even though he probably pour into the United States in the guise of Union wants." ts one of the leading American ·experts on · UN officials. Senator PAT MCCARRAN, a Demo­ Possibly the left-wing newspapers had re­ Far East questions. crat, said he had the facts to back up such called the role played by Mr. Acheson at the ·Yet the State Department has been re­ charges. founding meeting of UNRRA in 1943. How sponsible· for a variety of peculiar orders to A half year later Senator McCARRAN was UNRRA, its staff heavily infiltrated by Stalin­ the general, the most curious of which was . proved right in one significant case. The ists, became a tool of Soviet conquest, is a the order, still in effect, certifying the Japa­ FBI arrested .a ::tussian national, Valentin story never adequately. told. · nese Communist Party as orie of the demo­ Gubitchev, an employee of the United Na­ For the scandals involving the misuse of cratic gr'oups to receive official encourage­ tions, along with Judith Coplon, a Justice UNRRA supplies could. not be properly in­ ment. Department employee, on espionage charges. vestigated by Congress, thanks in large Mr. Acheson, who played a key role in the Both were convicted. measure to Mr. Acheson, even though the making of foreign policy in the past decade, But Gubitchev was allowed to· return to his United States footed most of the tremendous is no expert on the inner politics of interna­ homeland by Mr. Acheson, despite the fact bill. tional relations. Writihg in the May 1946 Americans were being held in Red dungeons. Mr. Acheson had approved a decision to issue of the American Mercury, Benjamin Presumably Gubitchev's release was effected permit the recipient governments· to diS­ Stolberg, an astute journalist, recognized this in order to obtain the release of someone tribute suppiies without proper checking fact. like Mr. Vogeler. But if there was a quid pro as to what became of them. This was a "And so," added Mr. Stolberg, "our Under quo arrangement it never came off-at least set-up proposed by the Russians. According Secretary is constantly wetting his finger to publicly. · to the former Polish Ambassador, Jan Cie­ see which way the winds are blowing. Nat­ Events have shown that Mr. Acheson's chenowski, in his book, Defeat in Victory, urally, he is wetting his finger in the at­ policies have at the very least been stupid. Mr. Acheson not only approved it but forced ·mosphere in which he moves, and that at­ But he is still in charge of making foreign th!:l British to accept. mosphere · is one of confused liberalism and policy during the worst crisis this Nation Thus, when the American Legion pro­ Soviet friendship· in the romantic sense. has ever faced. And he has remained pos­ tested against further UNRRA aid to Tito, "The truth is that he is not an astute and sibly because of Mr. Truman's own inability !tfter American planes were shot down _over fundamental observer; his brilliance is pro- · to realize that Josef Stalin-"good old Joe," Yugoslavia, Mr. Acheson declared that the . fessional, reckless, and on the surface. Nor he once called him--cannot be dealt with United States had no authority to withhold is he a strong· personality; he is sensitive to like the boys in Kansas City. supplies. And never once has Mr. Acheson the psuedo-liberar opinions of PM, the Na­ It is this soft-headed unrealistic think­ mentioned the proved fact that Russia had tion, and the New Republic, of the fashion­ ing about world affairs which has led this abused .UNRRA aid for her own political ably leftish journalists, commentators, bu­ Nation to the shadow of catastrophe. purposes. reaucrats, professors, and movie stars. As Mr. Acheson is not a trained diplomat. · He And only last August, Mr. Acheson, kow­ Under Secretary of State, he has been con­ never saw foreign duty in the State Depart­ towing again to Marshal Tito's police state, stantly under the influence and pressure of ment. He entered Government service in the saw fo it that no official United States repre­ these waves of opinion, set in motion and early thirties .as an Under Secretary of the sentative attended the unveiling in Arling­ manipulated by an invisible force." Treasury. President Roosevelt fired him ton Cemetery of a headstone for the five A classic example of how the Acheson after calling him a lightweight. Mr. Ache­ young American fliers shot down over clique operated-how a small group fostered son had opposed tinkering with the dollar. Yugosla,via. policies contrary to American interests, but But it would be wrong to assume that Mr. Arthur Bliss Lane, who had warned against amenable to the left--can be seen in our Acheson was a man with set principles. ·For the Polish loan, had raised the money for postwar policies toward Japan. he eventually reappeared on the scene as an the headstone in private subscriptions. Prior to the Japanese surrender, the Far ardent New Dealer. In 1941, having obtained Columnist Ernest Lindley, who disclosed the East subcommittee of the State-War-Navy F. D. R.'s forgiveness, Mr. Acheson entered story, concluded: "-Diplomatic delicacy has Departments' coordinating committee was the State Department. its values but it should not be permitted to charged with preparing a statement of Before long he took over the leadership of interfere with official homage to the dead." general initial policy relating to Japan. Mr. a large intellectual fellowship in the De­ Soon after succeeding Mr. Grew, Mr. Ache­ Acheson attended the meetings. Others partment which was morally certain that son seemed to go out of his way to earn the from State who sat in included Joseph C. eternal peace lay entirely in a sympathetic Daily Worker's accolades. He set about Grew; his able assistant, Eugene Dooman, understanding of Russia. Mr. Acheson and putting Gen. Douglas MacArthur in his place. and Joseph Ballantine, the director of the his soulmates, including Alger Hiss, saw The general, then under heavy fire from the Office of Far Eastern Affairs-all with lengthy everything that transpired in the Soviet Russians in Tokyo~ - had stated that Japan experience in Tokyo. Union as good, or, in the light of history, was docile enough to be occupied by only These career officers felt certain that the forgiveable. 200,000 troops. · Japanese would never surrender unless the Adolf A. Berle, who is no reactionary, has This did not set too well with the Far East position of the Emperor was recognized. testified how this fellowship gained the Section of the State Department, whose guid­ They felt that Japan would be ungovernable ascendancy in the Department. Mr. Berle ing spirit was Owen Lattimore, and which if the Imperial authority was destroyed. declared under oath that in the fall of 1944 sought a great social and economic revolu­ Although such views, at the height of a "there was a difference of opinion" in the tion in Japan. Their schemes would require bitter war, could not be expected to have Department. · large numbers of troops to back the "social had any popular appeal, events since have "I felt that the Russians were not going to revolution." demonstrated they were correct. But Mr. be sympathetic and cooperative," Mr. Berle In a statement described by the Associated Acheson opposed them. And a bitter fight, said. "Victory was then assured, but not Press as "more pugnacious than diplomatic," the leftist side of which carried over into complete, and the intelligence reports indi­ Mr. Acheson reminded General MacArthur certain newspapers, raged in the Depart­ cated a very aggressive policy, not at all in that the State Department, and not he, "is ment-climaxed by the resignations of line with the kind of cooperation everyone determining American policy toward Japan." Messrs. Grew, Dooman, and Ballantine. was hoping for. For this, PM said, "Hats off to Dean Ache­ In their · stead came Owen Lattimore, "I was pressi_ng for a pretty clean-cut son * * * the leader of the younger, deputy director of the Office of War Informa­ show-down when our position was strongest, more progressive men in the State Depart­ tion; John Carter Vincent, chief of the State The opposite group in the State Department ment * • * who won the. first round in Department's China section; and Lauchlin was largely the men-Mr. Acheson's group, his fight for a stern, but just, Japanese Currie, then with the Office of Economic of course-with Mr. Hiss as a principal as­ peace." Warfare. sistant in the matter. I got trimmed in that Mr. Acheson has testified that one reason · Generally the new group advocated meas­ fight and, as a result, went to Brazil and that he rebuked General MacArthur was that he ures proposed in Mr. Lattimore's Solution ended by diplomatic career." felt the need for a liberal government in in Asia, a copy of which was seen on Mr. Other experienced diplomats got "trim­ Japan-a government in whose administra­ Truman's desk when the President an­ med" in that fight. Most notable was tion the Soviet Union would have a part. At nounced the Japanese surrender. Mr. Lat­ Joseph C. Grew, our former Ambassador to the time it was Mr. Acheson's view that the timore had urged the abolition of the Jap­ Japan, who resigned in August 1945 as Under participation of the Soviet regime makes a anese monarchy, banishment of the Imperial Secretary to be succeeded by Mr. Acheson. government liberal. family to China for life, dissolution of large The shift proved great cause for joy at In the long run, General MacArthur, of Japanese enterprises and a purge of business Communist Par ty headquarters. The Daily course, was proved right; but this hasn't kept executives. 16184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD7 SENATE DECEMBER 6 The new leftist State Department crowd gressional group, said such testimony might to Russia and the east European satellites. came up with a program which in effect embarrass United States-Soviet relations. In fact; the Red regime in Prague had orig­ called for the atomizing of Japanese indus­ It was in this period that Mr. Acheson, as inally endorsed the plan. But the Prague try into single-plant companies; taking Acting Secretary, broke off United States dip­ Communists were forced to swallow the en­ securities from their owners for a purely lomatic relations with Spain. At the request dorsement when the Kremlin decided the . nominal price; and selling them to new of Freda Kirchwey, editor of the Nation, he Marshall plan was a Wall Street plot. en trepreneurs--such as farmers' cooperatives received Dr. Juan Negrin, who headed the When Russia refused to play ball, the plan and labor unions, many of them Communist­ pro-Soviet wing of the Spanish Republican was proclaimed as a certain means of placing controlled. forces. But he refused to see cabinet mem­ western Europe in a position to defend her­ But the Acheson-Lattimore-Vincent group bers of the Spanish Government in exile who, self against Russia. But as it worked out, it could not sell its views on the Japanese though Socialists, were opposed to Moscow. did nothing of the sort. In effect, the plan monarchy even though, according to Drew For some reason Mr. Acheson has an aver­ constituted an abandonment of the Truman Pearson, Mr. Acheson had arranged for Mr. sion toward anti-Communist Socialists. doctrine. The Economic Cooperation Admin­ Lattimore to talk to Mr. Truman on the Norman Thomas has repeatedly tried to see istration sought the economic recovery of the matter. Later, Mr. Truman appointed Mr. him to give information on Socialist politics world, but wthout military protection for Lattimore as a member of the Pauley repara­ abroad-where they are. of considerable im­ nations in the Soviet line of march. tions commission to Tokyo. portance. Yet, Mr. Acheson has been too And ECA has encouraged Europeans to be­ The Acheson-Lattimore-Vincent program busy to see Mr. Thomas. lieve they have a right to a high standard for Japan proved unworkable and within 3 On December 20, 1945, Mr. Acheson was not of living without doing anything in their years, at the insistence of the late James too busy to receive Milton Wolff, head of the own behalf either to achieve it or to protect it V. Forrestal, it was reversed. Today the Abraham Lincoln Brigade which recruited against Moscow. same general standards apply to Japanese Americans to fight illegally in the Spanish As a result, despite all the billions spent business as apply to American corporations Civil War. The following day the Daily by the ECA, not a single new division of under the antitrust laws. Worker reported that Mr. Acheson had prom- · fighting men has been created in Soviet­ In November 1945, Mr. Acheson went out ised to intervene with Franco in behalf of two menaced Europe to resist aggression. Yet the of his way to demonstrate his sympathetic brigade members held in Spain. · Marshall plan has been sold to the American understanding of Russia by appearing at a In March 1946, Mr. Acheson snubbed Win­ people as having stopped communism. Madison Square Garden rally called by the ston Churchill after the former British Prime But, as Representative WALTER JUDD has National Conference of Soviet-American Minister delivered his now famous Fulton, asked, "Why should we expect the Commu­ . Friendship. Mo., speech warning the world against the nists t_o keep out of western Europe when our Other speakers at the rally, called to wel­ Soviet threat. Although Mr. Truman had sat . investment of billions only makes those come the Dean of Canterbury, the Red on the dais when Mr. Churchill delivered his countries more tempting?" eccentric of the Church of England, included speech, Mr. Acheson's attitude was plainly The answer to Mr. JUDD'S question can be Corliss Lamont, Paul Robeson, Albert Fitz- shown when he refused to appear at a New found in Korea, a nation to which we pro­ gerald, and Joseph E. Davies. . York dinner welcoming Mr. Churchill. The vided some economic aid but no military By this time Soviet intentions 1n the post­ Churchill speech had been bitterly assailed support. war world had become unmistakable even by the Communists, following Moscow's lead. As yet, Mr. Acheson refuses to admit that for the most wooilyheaded. But Mr. Ache­ It was at this time that Mr. Acheson was the debacle in China was a major defeat for son told an assembled throng of Commu­ supposed to have discarded his pro-Soviet American foreign policy. Our goal was, or nists and fellow travelers that "there is no orientation. Why this should have been Mr. should have been, the promotion of a free, specific reason to suppose" that "the vital Acheson's turning point nobody knows. friendly and democratic China. Instead, we interests of the American and Russian There is, however, the curious coincidence are confronted with a China, which was people" will ever clash. that the Russians were then threatening the never less free, less friendly, and farther from "We understand," continued Mr. Acheson, Middle East oil fields. Mr. Acheson's law firm democracy. "and agree with them to have friendly gov­ had long represented an important oil firm. And Mr. Acheson ts still continuing his ernments along her borders is essential, both However, Mr. Acheson's supposed change of suicidal feud with Chiang Kai-shek, the for the security of the Soviet Union and for heart became known when he pledged Amer­ still-recognized head of a friendly anti-Com­ the peace of the world." ican intervention in the event Iran was at­ munist foreign power. As recently as last This could only be read to mean that the tacked by Russia. July 30, Mr. Acheson was quoted as declaring: United States would oppose unfriendly-1. e., However, Mr. Acheson was not too happy "The idea is loose in our country that we anti-Communist---governments along her over the Truman doctrine which had been are all-powerful and can dictate world affairs. borders. The record shows clearly that, ex­ announced by the President in March 1947. That assumption leads to the belief that, cept for empty protests to placate American The doctrine permitted the United States to · whenever something goes wrong, some Amer­ opinion, the State Department acquiesced in intervene in the affairs of any nation threat­ ican official must be at fault. . the formation of Red satellites 1n eastern ened by Soviet aggression . "The Red capture of China was so re­ Europe. Such was Acheson policy. As the first step, Mr. Truman recommended garded by many. Actually, China's fall was The same fuzzy-minded regard for the military and economic aid to Greece and solely the fault of Chiang Kai-shek; he re­ Kremlin's susceptibilities was demonstrated Tur.key. Economic aid, under the doctrine, fused all friendly advice, lost every vestige of by Mr. Acheson when he and David Lilien­ was to be strictly limited to the main pur­ his popular support, and was ultimately thal prepared a report on atomic energy. pose--opposing the spread of Soviet power taken to the Communist cleaners." Dated March' 28, 1946, the report looked for­ with arms, if necessary. In one breath, Mr. Acheson states grandly ward to giving the atomic secret to Russia. On May io, 1947, Mr .. Acheson, according to · that we cannot "dictate world affairs" and, The report declared: in the next, he berates Chiang for refusing the United Press, took the lead to shift the "all friendly advice," presumably American "When the plan is in full operation there emphasis in the Truman doctrine from an demands he make his peace with the Reds will no longer be secrets about atomic energy. · ideological crusade against communism to an and clean out "corruption." economic program for rebuilding western We believe that this is the firmest basis of Mr. Acheson is quick to discover corrup­ security; for, in the long term there can be E'urope and the Far East into healthy, demo­ tion in governments pledged to fight com­ no international control and no international cratic areas. munism. Last January he accused the Phil­ cooperation which does not presuppose in­ At the same time, over bitter congressional ippiile Government of misusing American ternational community of knowledge." For­ opposition, Mr. Acheson insisted that the funds. The speech came when Communist­ tunately, Bernard M-. Baruch's commission United States deliver nearly $17,000,000 worth led Hukapalahaps roamed the countryside took a more realistic view of our peace-loving of postwar lend-lease supplies to Russia. · spreading death and destruction. Soviet allies. The Baruch plan provided for Several Congressmen pointed out the incon­ The offi.cial Philippines' reactions were in­ continuing inspection, free of the veto. Rus­ sistency in sending such equipment while . teresting. Declared President Elpidio Qui­ sia, of course, refused. carrying out the Truman doctrine. But Mr. rino: "I deplore the insinuation that the In May 1946 as Acting.Secretary, Mr. Ache­ Acheson said the United States must abide by ·Philippines may be a second China." son announced that Soviet representatives its contracts. Senator STYLES BRIDGES there­ Finance Secretary Pio Pedrosa lashed back would be permitted to witness the atomic upon accused Mr. Acheson of talking tough with the accusation that any misuse of funds tests at Bikini. This was an offer of cooper• out of one corner of his mouth while advo­ was the fault of Americans who participated ation the Russians did not turn down. cating aid to Russia out of tht other. in graft in the disposition of surplus property. In September 1945, Mr. Acheson-con­ Mr. Acheson then made several speeches "I will not be surprised," said Mr. Pedrosa, stantly worried about the Kremlin's suscep­ expressing the need for rebuilding the econ­ "if, sensing that the Philippines might be / tibilities-prevented the House Un-American omies of western Europe. This was followed lost to democracy because of fast develop­ Activities Committee from holding publia by Gen. George C. Marshall's speech at Har­ ments in Communist Asia, the United States hearings in the case of Sam Carp, a brother- vard which led to the Marshall plan. Mr. State Department may not be preparing to 1n-Iaw of Soviet Foreign Minister Vyachaslev Acheson has since taken credit as the brains ease. the United States gracefully out of the Molotov. behind the Marshall plan. And this has been picture by issuing a white paper on the Phil­ Mr. Carp, a Bridgeport, Conn., business­ constantly cited to prove how anti-Commu­ ippines-the first inklings should be the man, had been called to explain some of his nist Mr .. Acheson is. supposed misuse of this $2,000,000,000 aid." business relations with the Soviet Union. Actually, the plan as originally worked out Mr. Acheson has played an extremely im­ Mr. Acheson, in his request to the con- by Mr. Acheson contemplated enormous gifts portant role in the shaping of United Statea •' 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16185 policies in the Far East. In the fall of 1945 tion for the job apparently was his long asso­ were wholeheartedly fighting the Japanese he and his Director of Far Eastern Affairs, ciation with the American Institute of Pacific and promoting a wonderful, popular revolu­ John Carter Vincent, wrote the instructions Relations. An expert on international law, tion. Short on documentation, they were and the President's statement which sent Professor Jessup had no direct experience in long on enthusiasm. Typical quotes: Gen. George C. Marshall to China on his ill• the Far East. "This (Communist) revolution has been fated mission. . The IPR was the chief instrument used by moderate and democratic. It has improved The first draft of the President's statement the Comtnunist·Party to conduct a vigorous the economic condition of the peasants, asserted that the United States would do no propaganda campaign aimed at discrediting • • * ·given them democratic self-govern­ business with Chiang, unless he made a deal the Republic of China. For many years Dr. ment, * • * freed them from feudalistic with the Communists by taking them into Jessup's close friend, Frederick Vanderbilt bonds." his government. Only when the War De­ Field, the millionaire Communist, was the "The Chinese Communists (have) moved partment protested was the statement wa­ institute's executive director and financial away from world revolution to nati,onalism. tered down to read that the United States angel. Under Dr. Jessup's direction the in­ (They) have positive and widespread popular would support the Nationalist Government stitute's publication published many pro­ support, phenomenal vitality and strength. "so long as it moves toward peace and unity." Communist articles. A. T. S. Bisson article, (They) are genuinely of the people." For the War Department well knew, referring to the two Chinas, declared: There is no indication from the Davies­ through its own intelligence sources, the real "One is now generally called Kuomintang Service dispatches, which had profound in­ nature of Chinese Communists and their China, the other is called Communist China. fiuence on the making of our Far East poli­ complete control by Moscow. But its G-2 However, these are only party labels. To cies, that the Chinese Reds were ruthless reports were discounted by the "wiser beads',. be more descriptive, the one might .be called totalitarians, practicing terror if necessary, in the State Department. And not one of feudal China, the other democratic China." suppressing civil liberties, and adept at the them appears in Mr. Acheson's white paper Dr. Jessup, listed as a sponsor of several most rigid thought control. on China. Communist fronts, was aiso a friend of Alger Messrs. Davies and Service stated frankly Presumably Mr. Acheson now. knows well Hiss and, in fact, appeared as a character they wanted the United States to abandon the fate of the coalition-with-Communists witness for Hiss at his perjury trial. Per­ Chiang and his legitimate government. They policy in Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Bul­ haps this stood him in good stead with Mr. argued that just as Winston Churchill had garia, and Czechoslovakia. Yet, despite the Acheson, who has used the professor on many publicly proclaimed support for Marshal Tito, lessons of eastern Europe, Mr. Acheson has vital assignments, the most important of President Roosevelt should proclaim support constantly denounced Chiang for refusing to \yhich was the editing of the white paper. for Mao Tse-tung. Only this, they said, have anything to do with Soviet agents. By its publication: would force Chiang into a coalition with the For that refusal the Republic of China was 1. Mr. Acheson committed an impulsive Communists. punished. From 1946 to 1948 the State De­ act against a fully recognized government of All this, reading like folly now, can be partment clamped down on aid to the Na­ a great power, a fact which undoubtedly found in the white paper, unrebuked and tionalists. On March 20, 1947, Mr. Acheson, made every other government wonder if it seemingly unnoticed by Mr. Acheson. But arguing against aid to China, told Congress: must conform to our every recommendation the ria vies-Service line was the basis for "The Chinese Government is not in the on pain of being castigated in a white paper, Mr. Acheson's incredibly intemperate castiga­ position at the present time that the Greek a fact suggested by Mr. Pedrosa of the Phil­ tion of the Nationalist Government. Among Government is in. It is not approaching col­ ippines. other things, Mr. Acheson stated that the lapse. It is not threatened by defeat by the 2. Mr. Acheson performed a post-mortem Nationalists had starved their people; had communists. The war with the Communists on a still-living organism. He used a his­ made no effective effort towards a progressive is going on much as it bas for the last 20 tory book to influence history. He accused government; had sunk into corruption, reac­ · years." a friendly government of every conceivable tion and a scramble for place and power; had Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was sending crime-dishonesty, stupidity, thievery, bad lost the confidence of the people; and bad a steady stream of arms to the Chinese "agra­ faith, corruption-while we sat with rep­ decayed to the point where their troops had rian reformers"-and their counterparts in resentatives of that government in the UN lost the will to fight. The Nationalist armies, North .Korea. Finally, when the war-weary and counted on its votes to support·us in the said Mr. Acheson, "did not have to be de­ Chinese Government forces were cracking up Far Eastern Commission. feated; they disintegrated." under the strain of new onslaughts by the 3. Mr. Acheson, moreover, painted the Mr. Acheson, as usual, did not document freshly armed Red troops, the United States Communists as men of virtue, whose only these sweeping indictments. He did not put began sending a trickle of counterbalancing corruption in the frame of perspective or real fault is that they were working ·in the balance it against a war-corroded economy. supplies. . interests of Russia. And he completely dis­ Certainly corruption existed in China, as it But this was not the picture painted in credited the Chinese anti-Communists, exists here. The Chinese call it squeeze and the white paper on China released by the which by the white paper's own documenta­ State Department· on August 5, 1949, with a tion, were waging a war against communism cumshaw; Americans call it 5 percenters and while · Mr. Acheson was still entranced by deep freezers. It was exposed and fought statement that it was salient and frank. there; as it was here. The New York Times thought otherwise. Edgar Snow, Owen Lattimore and Alger Hiss. How did Mr. Acheson weigh confidence An editorial on the white paper declared: 4. And Mr. Acheson wrote off any and all in China? Apparently not by the 33,000,000 "It is not unfair to point out that such elements of the Nationalist Government Chinese refugees from Commuµist territory, a summary c_annot possibly be objective. with whom we could have worked out some who sought haven in Nationalist territory. The Department will not inform the Presi­ form of united action. In effect, be gave a They couldn't all be landlords and reac­ dent that this effort over which it has labored kind of de facto recognition to the Red con­ tionaries. ts inadequate or misleading. It will not take quest of all China, which was not then ac­ Mr. Acheson excoriated the Nationalists for the position that the policies it has shaped tually a fact. This "recognition" gave enor­ not promoting constitutionalism. In 1947- have been mistaken. This inquest on China mous strength of the Communist elements 48, Chiang led his people toward a democratic ls not the work of a serene and detached in Southeast Asia, a territory which Mr. constitution and their first experience in coroner but of a vitally interested party in Acheson piously announced the United popular voting-but the Secretary of State the catastrophe. Unfortunately, at this . States would defend-by appealing to the brushed off this progressive effort, that is, if point, one of these vital interests is self­ UN. be had heard of it. justification, which certainly is the enemy of Nowhere in the white paper is there the The Chinese Reds had themselves provided objective analyses." frank admission that the State Department the answer to Mr. Acheson's charge that the In his letter of transmittal to the Presi­ had promoted the myth that the Chinese Nationalist armies did not fight. Their dent, Mr. Acheson asked the American people Reds were agrarian reformers. This funda­ official New China News Agency estimated to accept the proposition that the terrible mental error, and its evil consequences, are Communist casualties at 1,432,900 in 3 years. failure of United States policy in China was covered up. .There is the pretense that the Of these, 622,000 were suffered from July 1, not the responsibility of United States diplo­ State Department knew all along how 1948 to July 1, 1949-tbe crucial year, ac­ macy. The self-serving document reached wicked, totalitarian and ·subservient to cording to Mr.' Acheson, when the National­ the astonishing conclusion that nothing the Moscow the Chinese Reds were; and bow ists had disintegrated. State Department did or did not do contrib­ necessary it was, for America's vital inter­ The white paper does contain one im­ uted to the ominous result. ests, to save China from the Reds. portant, less black picture of Chiang. It was The plain truth is that the white paper The white paper itself, however, smashes drawn by China's foremost scholar, Dr. Hu is merely the wrapping for a black record of this pretense. Buried in the extracts are Shih, one-time Ambassador to the United failure. It is a masterpiece of omissions, portion of memoranda of John Davies and States. In December 1948 our Ambassador evasions, tricky half-truths, sly slants and John Stewart Service, State Department ca­ reported be bad talked with Dr. Hu. He said: twists to create misleading impressions and reer officers who were the most bitter critics "The ·conversation with Hu was especially to conceal grave misjudgments. Its publi­ of the Chiang regime. saddening because be represents the finest cation marked the lowest point ever reached The time was 1943-1945 when the tide bad type of patriotic idealism in his attempt to by American diplomacy; the. nearest thing turned against Germany and Japan. Russia be loyal to the Chiang government. Hu's to political bankruptcy a great power can was free to_ spread her totalitarian poison. argument is that communism is so implac­ acknowledge. At this crucial juncturt the Davies-Service able and intolerant, so diabolically thorough The editor, selected by Mr. Acheson, was team began thumping the drum for the in its indoctrination and so ruthless in en­ Prof. Philip C. Jessup, whose main qualifica- Chinese Reds. They reported how the Reds forcing its totalitarian control even in China. XCVI--1019 16186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 6 that Chiang Kai-shek should be supported troops there wanted to know: "What about Those who speak thus do not understand the despite his shortcomings because he alone this guy Acheson? Is he on our side?" Orient.'' sees this and has been uncompromising in They had good cause to wonder. Throughout the Korean episode Mr. Ache­ resisting it." While American troops were fighting a bit­ son did his utmost to appease Red China. Dr. Hu perceived, as Mr. Acheson still does ter war in Korea. Mr. Acheson's be-nice-to­ About the only action taken toward the not, that bad as the Nationalist Government Russia policies continued. Even the Ameri­ Peiping regime-which did as much as might be, it cannot be as bad fo:t China­ can Federation of Labor rebelled at Mr. Russia to encourage the North Korean ag­ and the world-as communism. In politics Acheson's desire to continue business as gression-was to concede it was a mistake the choice is not likely to be between good usual with Russia and her satellites. Said for an American plane to have strafed Red • and bad, but between the lesser of two evils. A. F. of L. President William Green last Chinese· territory. But nothing in the white paper is more September: The game was to do anything to keep Red sickening than its misrepresentations of the "We should stop shipping goods to Russia China out of the Korean war. Th~ Chinese amount of aid the United States sent the and other Communist countries because they Red leaders, adept at the art of blackmail, Nationalist;;. The aid supposedly sent will use them to prepare for war against us." demanded as their price United · Nations amounted to $2,000,000,000. According to But Mr. Acheson persuaded Mr. Truman to recognition. And,- according to Senator the white paper it was tossed down the rat­ condemn the refusal of A. F. of L. longshore­ STYLES BRIDGES, Mr. Acheson agree<;l-playing hole of Nationalist corruption. But when men to unload Soviet-manufactured furs and a double game in that he assured the Ameri­ the listing is examined, it is clear that none crab meat on American docks. Mr. Truman can people he would oppose such recogni­ of it, save for the $400,000,000 military-eco­ announced that he and Mr. Acheson were tion. But everything points to the fact that · nomic program forced on the State Depart­ making .foreign policy-not the longshore- Mr. Acheson has already agreed, in behind ment by Congress in 1948, was actually de­ men. · the scenes' maneuvering at Lake Success, to signed to combat communism. It was Mr. Acheson's foreign policy which such an outcome--following the November The other items include lend-lease equip­ led directly to Korea. elections. ment provided the Chinese to combat the On January 12, 1950, in a speech before the While Mr. Acheson appeased, General Mac­ Japanese. UNRRA benefits which are listed National Press Club in Washington, Mr. Arthur won the war in Korea. But it took were for postwar relief and rehabilitation, of Acheson virtually abandoned Asia to Russia. American forces 3 months, many ignominious which Red China received a share. · The sur­ Mr. Acheson declared that our defensive reverses and heavy casualties before they ·plus property sales, by express order of Gen­ perimeter runs along the Aleutians to Japan could take the offensive. It was a miracle eral Marshall, did not include weapons to · and then goes to the Ryukyus. This policy that General MacArthur's small and poorly fight armed communism. statement immediately ruled out any defense equipped forces escaped another Bataan. Underlying all the figures of aid is, of of Korea or Formosa-both lying above that This is the Acheson record. This is the course, the basic attitude of the State De­ perimeter. • record based on information already made partment's China experts. The white paper public. What the hidden record is-what annexes are studded with their shrill. warn­ Mr. Acheson jeered at Senator ROBERT A. Mr. Acheson has done behind the scenes­ ings against aid lest Chiang use it to fight TAFT 'S proposal that we send a fleet to pro­ the American people may never know. tect Formosa against Red invasion. He said the Reds. In a monstrous twist of animosity he didn't realize that the Ohio Republican But one thing is certain even if Mr. Ache­ these pro-Communist partisans now blame was a military expert. son is eventually forced to resign by an out­ Chiang for using aid ineffectively against the raged public opinion. Communists. . Prior to that Mr. Acheson had sanctioned For any lasting reform of our foreign policy For its own purposes the white· paper the withdrawal of American troops from the State Department will have to be thor­ makes much of the steady deterioration of ·south Korea. Had our occupation of Korea oughly cleansed of 9 years of Mr. Acheson's morale in Nationalist China. Yet, the fact continued possibly the North Korean attack influence. For at no time in American his-· is that United States diplomacy delivered would not have taken place. Had the attack tory has the prestige of that Department blow after 'blow to Nationalist morale-cli­ t aken place, however, our troops who landed sunk as low as it now sags under Dean Ache­ maxed by the white paper. For the mighty there last June would hav.e had ade'quate son. A drastic house cleaning is in order. American champion of world freedom had bases, supplies, and equipment at hand. singled out the Nationalist leaders as too Following the American withdrawal, Mr. Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, I ask contemptible for encouragement. Yet Mr. Acheson announced: "If South Korea were unanimous consent to have printed at Acheson could say, with a straight face, that invaded, our attitude wo'\,lld be that South this point in the RECORD an editorial en­ the St ate Department h ad "pursued vigor- Korea would be able to resist.'' titled "Our American Duty," published . ously the objective of assisting the National­ Mr . .Acheson, whose sole military training ·consisted of several months in the Navy dur­ in the Milwaukee Sentinel. ist Government." 'There being no objection·, the editorial And now Mr. Acheson has decided to ing World War I, had never consulted with abandon Formosa. He had already written General MacArthur on Far East policies. In­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, off the island fortress prior to the Korean stead it was Owen Lattimore who was· asked as follows: War. In a secret memorandum smoked out by the State Department for advice on what OUR AMERICAN DUTY to do in the Far East. by the United Press last January the State ·The blundering and disloyal foreign poli­ Department advised its attaches abroad to And Mr. Lattimore, in a secret memoran­ cies of the New Deal are taking this country sell the public the idea that Formosa was of dum to the State Department, proposed that into complete disaster, both military and no strategic value. Korea should be allowed to fall without mak­ economic. Politically, geographically, and strategi­ ing it look as if the United States had pushed Our sovereignty has been impaired by mak­ cally, the memo said, Formosa "is in no way it. Syngman Rhee to Mr . .Lattimore was just ing us a virtual vassal of the United Nations, especially distingushied or important.'' This a little Chiang Kai-shek. which disrupts our councils, and seeks to fly was not the State Department view on June With this background, the masters of the its mongrel flag 'over our public buildings. !3, 1945. The State Department bulletin Kremlin thought they would face no United Our wealth is dissipated to support social­ then stated that "with the exception of States opposition in taking over Korea. But ism abroad and to defend alien peoples who Singapore, no location in the Far East oc­ they miscalculated. For President Truman, · arc not willing to defend themselves. cupies such a controlling position" as does disregarding Mr. Acheson, decided that he The lives of our young men are being sac­ Formosa. had been pushed around enough by the rificed in a desperate war which our pur­ Neither is it the view of the top military Russians. ported allies are not trying to help us win on strategists. Gen. Douglas MacArthur, in the But Mr. Acheson's appeasement policies the battlefields and are conspiring to make Formosa statement the administration continued. Although we pledged our naval us lose in the mazes of diplomacy and wanted to suppress, had stated that "the and air power to prevent a Red invasion of duplicity. occupation of Formosa by Communist forces Formosa, we prevented Chiang from contin­ For our own survival it is imperative that would be a direct threat to the security of uing offensive operations 1;1.gainst the Red­ we extricate ourselves from these destroying the Pacific area and to the United States held mainland. And we rejected Chiang's situations at once. Forces performing their lawful and necessary offer of American-equipped, battle-hardened Without even inadequate support from functions in that area." Nationalist troops for Korea. others in the United Nations we are fighting But Mr. Acheson doesn't think so and by According to Mr. Acheson, the question of almost alone against massed hordes on the his recent actions he again undermined anti­ Formosa's ultimate fate will be settled by the Asian continent. communist hopes in China. Time-Life cor­ United Nations, thus paving the way for an Continuing the war means only the respondent John Osborne, reporting last inevitable impartial high-level junking of slaughter of millions in a Quixotic American October 2 from Formosa, quoted a member Chiang's right to maintain his government attempt to conquer a ·vast and distant pop­ of the Chinese Nationalist cabinet: on Formosa. ulation. "If I could see Mr. Acheson tomorrow This was recognized by General Mac­ First and foremost, therefore, this country morning, I would ask him just two questions. Arthur in the statement to the Veterans of should withdraw its armed forces from the Does he want us to live, or does he want us Foreign Wars Mr. Acheson sought to sup­ invasion areas. to die? Does he want·us to grow strong on press: We should get our. troops out of Korea as this island, or does he want to throw us off "Nothing could be more fallacious than quickly as possible. this island?" the threadbare argument of those who advo­ We should come home to our own country, Representative HUGH ScoTT, on his recent cate appeasement in the Pacific that if we reconstruct our defenses, and give heed to return from Korea, reported that American defend Formosa we alienate continental Asia, our own security and welfare. ' 1950 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16187 This might be a defeat for the New Deal, look forward to when I see you people again. similitude to public utilities. Based on which is responsible for our dismal plight. The only thing that I'm worried about are that view of the status of forwarders, It would not be a defeat for the United you folks. I don't want you to be worrying the interpretation further holds that an States, but merely an act of self-preservation. and going around with tears in your eyes. Secondly, we should get out of the United The best years of my life are ahead of me. important phase of the business, where­ Nations. For your information, they amputated from by forwarders coordinate their services That organization has not sustained us in my knees down. with those of motor carriers, under flexi­ the war that we undertook in its behalf. Well that's all for now. The rest can ble agreements for hauling forwarder Instead, it has interfered with our oper­ wait. I'll be writing you more often now, freight in truckload lots between for­ ations. and once again I beg of you to keep cool and warder stations, must be discontinued. Furthermore, it is conniving to admit the I will see you soon. Please excuse the hand­ This practice has existed, openly, satis­ enemy into a privileged membership where writing as I am a bit shaky at the present. factorily, without complaint, and with the enemy could dictate peace terms. I will write again soon. Accordingly, the United Nations should let Your loving son, great advantage to the shipping public, Red China in-and leave the United States BOB. and, I may say, to the little shipper, for out. more than 30 years. Then let the United Nations see how it Mr. President, I do not think the letter The order making this interpretation gets along. needs any comment. I wish to commend has been postponed from time to time This country has maintained the United it to the reading and consideration of pending enactment of corrective legisla­ Nations since its inception, with no return in those who are debating whether the tion, or similar corrective legislation such loyalty or gratitude. Chinese are at war with us. as that which is now before us, and is So let those who run the United Nations pay for the United Nations-and fight its FREIGHT FORWARDERS AND MOTOR now scheduled to become effective May wars. COMMON CARRIERS 1, 1951. Finally, we should end. our unrequited ef­ The Senate resumed the consideration The bill cures the problem by clearly forts to support and supply an ingrate of the bill

I , 16188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 6 House and the Senate committee reports, technical discussion for many many Un it ed States had full opportunity to pre­ the House committee unanimously re­ months. If, after further study it is sent his views. The hearin gs h ave been printed and are available for all to see. ported the bill, and it was passed by the desired that a change be made, such a Without att empting to analyze the testi­ House by a very substantial margin. change can be made in a new transpor­ mony presented at the hearings, it is suffi­ All the bill does, as I said, is to main­ tation bill. cient to say that the ~rei ght forwarding in­ tain· the status quo which now exists in Mr. President, I have used a portion of dustry is u nanimously an d st rongly in favor our transportation system. Some argu­ a statement dealing with the matter. I of the bill; t hat every shipper who testified ment has been made to the effect that now ask that the remainder of the that he m akes regular and substan t ial u se possibly we might· wait a period of time statement be printed in the RECORD. · of freight forwarder service supports the in order to make a study of the whole There being no objection, the remain­ legislation; and · t h at without a single ex­ ception the actual m otor carrier operators transportation system as it involves der of the statement was ordered to be who test ified were enthusiastically in favor freight forwarders and all the other printed in the R ECORD, as follows: of passage of the bill. methods of railroad transportation and 3 . HOW THE HOUSE AMENDMENTS REMOVE VALID Opposition to the bills as introduced was truck transportation. I believe at this , OBJECTIONS expressed by the n ational t r ucking organ­ time that would be somewhat disastrous, Based on its own comprehensive hear­ ization, whose witness admitt ed that there because all the bill does is, as I said, ings, as well as the record of the Senate was a divided opinion among the members place the ma,tter in status quo. If we hearings on companion bill S. 2113, the and that those mot or carriers who cooperate decide, after sufficient study of the trans­ House Committee on Interstat e and Foreign in the handling of forwarder traffic favor portation systems' problems, that we Commerce undertook to remove all valid ob­ the bill. The shippers who opposed the bill jections to the bill by making four major were either large shippers or shippers so want to make some changes we can do amendments, as follows: situated that t hey can and do ship their own so in a~'lother bill. 1. A requirement that no contract, be­ carloads or combine wit h others to ship in Mr. President, I hope the Senate will tween any freight forwarder and any motor carloads, and •vho do not need the services act on the bill promptly. The ICC has carrier, shall unduly prefer or prejudice any of forwarders. Three large railroads opposed had the matter before it for many, many other freight forwarder. This amendment is the bills as introduced, but the record indi­ months. Lengthy hearings have been designed primarily to protect smaller for­ cates conclusively that these railroads have held by the Senate committee. The sub­ warders. Some fears were expressed that no opposition to the bill as amended by the ject is highly technical. Most of us large forwarders would be able to make House. more favorable arrangements than . small The House committee report (No. 2489) have come to the conclusion that the bill forwarders, and this amendrr..ent effectively states very positively that: should be passed in ·order to retain the allays such fears. "Testimony was given in the hearings both freight forwarders in the position they 2. A requirement that contracts shall be for and against the bill. Most of the ob­ now are. consistent with the national transportation ject ions to the bill h ave been removed by the As I said, the amendments which were · policy. Despite the fact that the national amendment made by the committee." proposed were agreed to by the railroads transportation policy governs each provision There was complete unanimity within the of the country who at first were opposed of the act, some · persons feared that the committee in approval of the amended bill. bill might abrogate or bypass that policy, 5. THE BILL MERELY MAINTAINS STATUS QUO to certain portions of the bill. The pur­ and the amendment insures against such a pose of amendments is to keep our trans­ contingency. H. R. 5967 is essentially a bill to maintain status quo. It does not change any existing portation system and important seg­ 3. A requirement that forwarders pay full ments pf that system alive. tariff rates of the motor carriers for line­ practice, but presents an interpretation of haul movements in truckload lots for dis­ present law from disrupting a service that Freight forwarders play a great part has long proved its worth to the shippers ~ances exceeding 450 miles. Testimony in the life of the small shipper. A and the Nation. freight forwarder does not operate in shows that such arrangements now, and in the past, do not generally apply for dis­ Pending studies regarding long-range gov­ the main with carload lots. He picks tances exceeding 450 miles. To meet the ernmental policy in the transportation field up various lots from the outlying dis­ objections of some who feared that disrup­ wilJ not be adversely affected by passage of tricts and combines them into a carload tive changes in practice might be made in the bill. Since the bill does no more than lot and ships them to another small the future, the bill includes the distance maintain a service as it has been built up point that could not take advantage of limitation. This does not limit the use Of and operated for 35 years or more, it will trucks for any distance, but places a limi­ serve the purposes of such studies by ·pre­ a terminal point. venting interim changes. I wish to read from the hearings be­ tation on what the forwarder must pay for such service. In effect this provision merely The facts overwhelmingly demand prompt fore the Senate Interstate and Foreign maintains status quo. passage .of the bill. We need and must have Commerce Committee. Small business 4. A provision the effect of which is to the. best that transportation has to offer, and was represented in those hearings. This require forwarders to recover any claims H. R. 5967 is a constructive proposal of the is what was said on behalf of small busi- · they have against the railroads on the basis utmost urgency and timeliness. ness regarding this service which we now of the terms of the bill of lading. This is Mr. BRICKER. Mr. President, at the seek to keep in status quo. I read from the method declared lawful by the Supreme last session of the Senate, when this bill page 312 of the hearings: Court, and again this amendment is merely a status quo provision. was on the calendar and ready for con­ Small business needs forwarder service be­ These amendments satisfied all members sideration, I held up its consideration cause, as even those opposing· the bill ad­ of the House committee, which unanimously for two principal reasons: First, I am mit- reported the bill as amended. The House opposed to further diversion of traffic Reference is made to the original bill of Representatives then passed the bill on from the rails to the highways until the prior to the adoption of the amend­ August 9. Thus H. R . 5967 comes before the completion of a further extensive study, Senate as a compromise and as a substitute which is now under way, in regard to the ments- for S. 2113 it should receive prompt Senate because, as even those opposing the bill approval. cost of truck transportation on the high­ admit, it is the only 1. c. 1. service available The few remaining objections are not ways, the damage to the highways, and on small shipments which combines fast, directed specifically at the purposes of the whether the truckers are bearing their dependable schedules · at standard__:_not bill, but stem from a competitive opposi­ proper proportion of the cost of the premium-rates. In other words, if .your tion to freight forwarders as· such. The original construction and the mainte­ local shoe store did not have forwarder serv­ objectors come primarily from the ranks of nance of the highways. ice to move its 150- or 200-pound shipments, long-distance truck operators who do not Of course, this bill deals with freight · it would have to turn to express, air, or work with forwarders but only compete with forwarders, which, as the Senator from some other high-cost means of transporta­ them, and from some very large shippers tion in order to get its goods shipped on · who in the main conduct their own for­ Washington stated, have rendered an time. · warding operations. Their arguments, such extremely constructive service to the as that the bill is "legislative rate making," shipping public during many, many The hearings are replete with testi­ and authorizes "cut rates," are spurious and years. Heretofore the freight forwarders mony of small business which have misleading, for the bill does not involve rates have used the rails for their freight-for­ taken advantage of the freight-for­ which the public pays but relates to joint warding business, getting the advantage warder service during the 40 years it has arrangements between carriers. of the lower rate for carload lots, as com­ been in existence. It is a vital part of 4. THE HEARINGS DEVELOPED ALL FACTUAL DATA" pared with the less-than-carload-lot the transportation system. I hope the Nine days of public hearings. were held by rate which would be charged to .the in­ Senate will promptly pass this bill. It the Senate and House committees handling dividual shipper were it not for the in­ has been the subject of much highly the bills. Every interested person in the tervening freight forwarder. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16189 I am opposed in principle, then, to fm­ ate consider that bill, perhaps we should to speak, and I shall not oppose further ther diversion until that study is com­ have a quorum call. a move to consider the bill. There!ore, pleted. Such a study is now under way. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, let· me if the majority leader wishes to move The last suggestion of the Senator make inquiry of the distinguished ma­ consideration of the bill, that will be from Washington was to the effect that if jority leader. I hate to suggest that the agreeable to me. there is not a satisfactory solution of Senate take a recess· at this time until Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I suggest this problem by means of the bill now tomorrow. I wonder whether there is the absence of a quorum. before the Senate, the bill, if passed, can any other bill the distinguished ma­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The be changed and amended when the gen­ jority leader intends to bring up today. clerk will call the roll. eral Transportation Act comes before If other bills which are ready for con­ The legislative clerk proceeded to call the coming Congress for consideration. sideration can be handled today, then, the roll. As to that suggestion, it is my hope that if it meets with the approval of the ma­ Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask proper attention will be given to the jority leader, perhaps he will agree to unanimous consent that the order for matter at that time. have the Senate make the bill proposing a quorum call be rescinded and that fur­ In the second place, this bill would amendments to the Railway Labor Act ther proceedings under the call be sus­ end the confusion which now exists over the unfinished business. Of course, pended. the very nature of freight forwarders, there is a unanimous-consent agreement The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is as to whether they are common carriers to have the Senate vote at 2 o'clock to­ there objection? The Chair hears none, or whether, because of their operations, morrow on the rent-control bill. There­ and it is so ordered. they are in the nature of a public utility, after we could proceed with debate on Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, it is ap­ chargeable with a public interest, and the amendments to the Railway Labor parent that we cannot take up for con­ therefore subject to regulation. There Act. . sideration Senate bill 3295, to amend is confusion at the present time, and Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, there are the Railway Labor Act and to authorize there would be greater confusion if the two other bills in which the Senator is agreements providing for union member­ order of the Interstate Commerce Com­ interested, one being House bill 9313; ship and agreements for deduction from mission were issued. That order has amending the Agricultural Act of 1949. the wages of carriers' employees for cer­ been held up for many, many months Mr. WHERRY. If the majority lead­ tain purposes and under certain condi­ now, possibly running to a year, at the er will yield, let me say that I think one tions. I have conferred with the distin­ request of the committee. So the effect Member on his side of the aisle is very guished senior Senator from Alabama of the bill would be constructive. much interested in the consideration of CMr. HILL] and other members of the The House adopted an amendment that bill. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, which would limit the distance of I am not averse at all to having that and I am advised that there is now in freight-forwarder shipments by truck to bill considered. I think the distin­ process an attempt to effect a settle­ 450 miles, as I recall, so that transconti­ guished majority leader has another bill ment, through negotiations among vari­ nental transportation over the highways in mind, and I am not averse to having ous members of the labor unions which by truck would not be available, and it considered. are vitally interested in the bill, and it therefore the field of railway carriers I shall not object further to the taking is believed that perhaps by tomorrow at would not be further invaded. up of the bill proposing amendments to this time a mutual arrangement can be Not wishing to interfere with the es­ the Railway Labor Act; but if that meas. effected which will be . satisfactory to tablished use of freight forwarders, and ure is considered, I sincerely request that everyone. So I am not going to ask realizing that the next Congress will. the majority leader end the session for that the bill be considered now. It have this entire problem under consid­ today following the making of that seems to me we might well take a recess. eration, and in view of the further fact measure the unfinished business. In Mr. CAIN. Mr. President-- that we should not hold up the order of other words, I suggest that we fallow Mr. LUCAS. I know that the Senator the Interstate Commerce Commission, procedure similar· to that which we fol­ from Washington desires to make a at this time I shall offer no objection to lowed yesterday afternoon. Such a speech. the passage of the bill, looking to the re­ course will provide a day in which Sen­ Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will port of the Senate Committee on Inter­ ators who are interested in that measure the majority leader yield for a question? state and Foreign Commerce which is will be able to return to the Chamber. Mr. LUCAS. I yield. now being prepared along with a general If that is done, we shall proceed with the Mr. WHERRY. There was consider­ Transportation Act, in connection with debate on that measure, regardless of able confusion at the time the Senator which all the problems which are in­ any other considerations. from Illinois made his statement, and I volved iri this bill can be considered. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, ever since did not hear everything he said relative So, Mr. President, although I oppose the beginning of this short session we to the railway labor bill. in principle any further diversion, and have been trying to get the Railway Mr. LUCAS. I said the railway labor although I also oppose a further invasion Labor Act amendments considered by bill would not be made the unfinished of this field and a legalizing of that which the Senate; but every time we are ready business at this time. We shall not take has been developing in it over a number to proceed with that measure, it seem~ it up until after we have concluded con­ of years, in spite of those objections I that some Senator who is interested in sideration of the rent-control bill, which shall not at this time oppose the passage the bill is unavoidably absent. I assume will be tomorrow. It is my understand­ of this bill. that the Senator from Indiana [Mr. ing that prior to our taking up further The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The JENNER] is one of the Senators who is the 'railway labor bill Senators who are. bill is open to amendment. If there be vitally interested in the bill. However, interested in the measure will perhaps no amendment to be proposed, the ques­ I have given this notice, and it seems to be able to effect a conciliation with re­ tion is on the third reading of the bill. me we should proceed with the bill. spect to the provisions of the bill, to the The bill .eople if we have a system closer to the Fla.; Milwaukee, Wis.; Dallas, Tex.; Buf­ let us not in December 1950 go back on people · upon whom it is to be imposed. falo, N. Y.; Richmond, Va.; Salt Lake that promise. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. The Sen­ City, Utah; Birmingham, Ala.; and San · Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the ator from Washington knows that was Diego, Calif. . Senator yield? my position taken earlier this year. So far as I know, the experience of Mr. CAIN. I yield. Mr. CAIN. Yes. those cities under decontrol has been Mr. WHERRY. What was the prom­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I thought extraordinarily healthy and beneficial ise just referred to by the distinguished it was time to come to the local level. for all their residents and for the busi­ Senator? But we are now presented with a prob­ ness in those communities. Again we Mr. CAIN. The promise was that the lem which makes the matter confusing. should bear in mind that some of those right of self-determination concerning . Mr. CAIN. We are. It is confusing. cities have grown rapidly and have sur­ continuance of Federal rent control be­ Mr. MCKELLAR. Mr. President, will rounding them all the problems which yond December 13, 1950, should vest in the Senator yield? are referred to by the Office of the Hous­ the cities of America. We put every Mr. CA;IN. I yield. ing Expediter in an attempt to frighten American city on due notice by saying Mr. McKELLAR. I am obliged to go so many of us. to them, "Unless, by affirmative action, to a committee meeting. Did the Sena­ Since April .1949 an estimated 8,000,- you say that you want 6 months' addi­ tor include Tennessee in his list of nine 000 rental housing units have been re­ tional rent control on December 31, 1950, States? moved from Federal control. If we pass you wiil have been removed from Fed­ Mr. C'AIN. The State of Tennessee, Senate Joint Resolution 207, we veto the eral supervision in this field." sir, is not listed among the nine States. home-rule provisions which we fought Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the It is my understanding that some of so hard and so vigorously to make avail­ Senator yield for another question? the cities within Tennessee have been able to the very persons to whom we Mr. C.AIN. I yield. decontrolled within recent months, and are inclined to say, tomorrow, "What Mr. WHERRY. How many cities other cities have requested an extension we gave you but a few months ago we availed themselves of the privilege re­ of 6 months. now are desirous of taking a way from ferred to by the Senator, of determining Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. President, you." · whether or not they desired a continua­ will the Senator yield? Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, will the tion of Federal rent control? Mr. CAIN. I yield. Senator yield? Mr. CAIN. The Senator from Ne• Mr. DWORSHAK. I am sure that Mr. CAIN. Certainly. braska will probably be interested in while discussing this subject the Sena­ Mr. WILEY. The last statement the learning that there are approximately tor from Washington would be inter­ Senator made provokes this inquiry: As­ 6,600 Americap cities with populations ested in a telegram I received this morn­ suming the Senator to be correct about of 1,000 or more, and as of this moment, ing from Mr. Charles R. Moore, secre­ the States which have removed them­ 2,400 of those 6,600 cities are under Fed­ tary of the Property Owners' Association selves from Federal rent control by eral rent control. Of the 2,400 cities of Pocatello, Idaho, which reads as fol­ means of taking advantage of the pro­ now under control, 800 or more have al­ lows: visions of the general statute, what effect ready taken the necessary action locally POCATELLO, IDAHO, December 5, 1950. will there be upon those States if this to insure that they will have rent con­ Senator HENRY DWORSHAK, joint resolution is enacted? trols in their cities for a period of 6 Washington, D. C.: Mr. CAIN. The enactment of the months following January 1, 1951. Request you vote against extension of rent joint" resolution will have no effect on According to the determination I can controls. Record in this city which has been them at all. The joint resolution,· if make at the moment, 1,600 cities have decontrolled for several months indicates enacted, simply will say to 1,600-odd ;iot as yet taken any action. The guess 1950 CONGRESS~ONAL .RECORD-SENATE 16195 of the Senator from·Nebraska is as good charged with the responsibility of han­ Mr. WHERRY.- The Senator then as mine as to how many of those 1,600 dling these matters in the 1,600 cities are thinks there is nothing in the provisions cities will, by proper action of their city quite as conscious of the problems which of the act, as presently interpreted, councils taken between now and the last confront the country as are we? Is it which would foreclose that right on the day of this year, say that they want an not logical to assume that they have ex­ part of those cities, if they desired to additional 6 months of rent control. amined a matter such as this, which so exercise it. Is that correct? The important thing to bear in mind vitally affects their property·? Is it not Mr. CAIN. There is nothing that is that every American knows that what logical for us tq assume that, if they find would preclude their exercise of that I am saying at the moment is a fact, that they need Federal rent controls, right, to the best of my knowledge. I namely that after an exainination of its they will request a 6 months' extension? may point out that the junior Senator own lodal problem, if it thinks it will re­ If it is logical to make those assumptions, from Washington comes· from the city quire an additional 6 months of Federal it would seem to the Senator f.rom Wash­ of Tacoma, a city having a population rent control under the prevailing Fed­ ington that it is only logical that he of approximately 140,000 people. Ta­ eral statute all it has to do is to request should oppose passage of a measure coma has not thus far, by action of its it. In the e~ent Senate Joint Resolution which would deprive the American city city council, requested a 6-months' ex­ 207 shall be passed by the Senate to­ of the right to think for itself. tension of Federal rent control, nor has morrow, we shall have taken the position Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will it adopted any resolution requesting de­ that we know more about. the needs of the Senator yield for another question? control. As of the time of my depar­ approximately 1,600 cities, located inthe · Mr. CAIN. I yield. ture for Washington 2 weeks ago, the various sections of the country, than do Mr. WHERRY. I am very much in­ Tacoma city council was continuing its those who manage and control and rule terested in getting answers to these ques­ studies, in the light of new circum­ those cities. I think such a premise is tions. Does not the Senator feel that if stances, to determine whether it desired necessarily untenable, for it assumes that the joint resolution were not passed, the to request an extension of Federal rent we know more than .any one Senator in result would be to possibly place an addi­ - control. At that time, other cities had this room ought to claim credit for know­ tional responsibility upon the 600 cities, indicated conclusively that there was no ing, and it again deprives the American if they needed rent control, of taking the need of an extension. If any changes city of the right which is too often taken necessary steps locally to obtain it, prior occur in connection with the great Fort from it to stand up and determine its to January 1, 1951? Lewis situation in the 2 weeks, it would own requirements and to shape its own Mr. CAIN. I think it likely that most follow that the city council of Tacoma destiny. To my mind it would be a griev­ of the State legislatures will be in session could request a 6 months' extension. ous thing,_a sad thing, for us, under.t?e during the early part of the year. An­ That would be within its legal right. If circumstances, to tell these 1,600 cities swering the Senator's question, I may we pass the joint resolution tomorrow, that we of the Congress do not care a · say that I think the States and munici­ we say to the city of Tacoma, "We care whit what the cities think they need, or palities which cease to be under Federal not how long you have been studying what they want to do, or what the cities rent control will either determine that this question-we are going to make up are convinced is the best thing to be done, they do not need rent control of any your minds for you." but that we in the Nation's Capital are character, or, if they determine that I desire to make one further observa­ going to do their thinking for them. It they need it, they will effect the proper tion, if the Senator will permit, without would be as though we said to them, "Just organization on a State and local level. too much prejudice to the Office of the make up your minds that father knows Mr. WHERRY. I understand the sit­ Housing Expediter. To my knowledge, best and that father says you are no uation with respect to the State legis­ there has been an effort within recent longer to enjoy the right of thinking for latures. If Federal rent control termi­ weeks to sell the subject of extending yourselves." nates on December 31, then, of course Federal rent control to cities throughout Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the the States may enact their own rent con­ the land. Efforts are made to portray Senator yield for another question? trol measures. the dire consequences to cities which do Mr. CAIN. I yield. Mr. CAIN. That is true. not request the 6-months' extension of Mr. WHERRY. To sum it up, then, as Mr. WHERRY. I should like to ask, Federal rent control. The Office of the I understand the Senator's statement, is there anything in the proposed legis­ Housing Expediter is not quite satisfied more than 800 cities have already acted lation in the way of provision relating to with it. The Expediter does not think under the provisions of the Rent Control the time element or the procedure which it permits his office to go far enough, and Act. Is that correct? would prevent a city from acting be­ fear that the Office of the Housing Expe­ Mr. CAIN. They have acted affirma­ tween now and January 1, 1951? Is it not diter may be unable to frighten some tively. true that any one of those 1,600 cities, cities which, on the basis of their own Mr. WHERRY. That is, those cities if it desired, could adopt local rent con­ study, know there is no.thing about and municipalities have affirmatively de­ trol? which they should be frightened. The termined to enforce rent controls, and Mr. CAIN. To the best of my knowl­ Office of the Expediter desires the pas­ therefore the pending measure would be edge, that is correct. sage of the pending joint resolution, in of no particular use to them, because Mr. WHERRY. Is there any proced­ order that it may capture in its net they have already obtained what they ural obstacle, is there any time element would be able to get under the resolution, every one of the 1,600 cities. which might be involved? We may allow the Office of the Hous .. through adopting rent controls in the Mr. CAIN. As I understand, the re­ local communities. Is that correct? ing Expediter to do this. · It will be the quirement is that, prior to the close of business of every Senator to decide that Mr. CAIN. The pending joi.nt resolu­ business on December 31, an American tion has nothing whatever to do with question in voting tomorrow. But if we municipality now under rent control pass the joint resolution, it is my judg­ those 800 cities. need only request of the Office of the Mr. WHERRY. It has to do only with ment that we shall have driven another Housing Expediter, in Washington, D. C., nail into the coffin of home rule, respon­ 1600 cities which now have the right, by affirmative action of its city council, which will continue to have the right sibility, and sovereignty ·so far as the a~d a 6 months' extension, and it will be au­ cities of America are concerned. I liap­ until January 1, if the Rent Control Act tomatically granted. is not extended, to adopt rent-control pen to be one Senator who is going to measures by action of the city councils, if . Mr. WHERRY. -Would that be true listen to a city council about any prob­ deemed necessary. of the 1,600 cities? lem concerning which the council· ought Mr. CAIN. Those cities have had that Mr. CAIN. It would. to know a great deal more than does the right for the past 6 months. Mr. WHERRY. That is the point I Senator from Washington. If the city Mr. WHERRY. And those cities, if have in mind. of Tacoma wants 6 months' extension they so decide, may continue to exercise Mr. CAIN. It is a very important of Federal rent control, though I per­ that right after January 1, in the event point. sonally might dissent for economic rea• they desire rent control, may they not? Mr. WHERRY. · It is the point I want sons, as a Member of the United States Mr. CAIN. I should like to ask the to make, that they would have that Senate I say that is the business of the Senator frol!l Nebraska whether we right. city of Tacoma. We gave to that city ought not to assume that those who are Mr. CAIN. Indeed, they would. the right to make up its mind, and I, for 16196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE DECEMBER 6 one, shall not vote tomorrow to .take tunity to enforce local rent control. Let Mr. WHERRY. The Senator has away that right. . us assume that they indicated such a stated that the proponents of the reso­ Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will desire. What would it be necessary for lution which would extend rent control the Senator yield for another question? the city to do? I have read the law, but desire to continue the Rent Control Act Mr. CAIN. I yield. I should like to know what the city for 60 days so that the next Congress Mr. WHERRY. Possibly the Senator would be required to do. In other words, will be able to provide a more rigorous may have discussed this point, but what could a city merely indicate that it and broadened Rent Control Act. If argument does the Housing Expediter wished to take advantage of the 6 the need is acute and present next year­ make, or do those who are in favor of months' extension, or would the city and it may be-would it not be as extending rent control make, in contra- have to provide its own rent control? simple to submit a brand-new bill after i vention of the position just taken by the Mr. CAIN. I shall answer the ques­ the present act has expired in order to , Senator from Washington? I should tion of the Senator in part at this time, accomplish what the proponents of the like a brief observation by the Senator. and I shall answer it in full as soon as joint resolution seek to accomplish by I do not want to burden him, but to allow I am able to do so. Only cities which a continuance of the present act? him to take as much time as he wants. ·are now under control may request an Mr. CAIN. The Senator from Ne­ Mr. CAIN. That is a very fair quest- . extension of 6 months beyond Decem­ braska and I could not possibly be more iori, and I should like to answer it as best ber 31. in agreement. If circumstances at the I can. Mr. WHERRY. What is the situation next session of Congress require a Mr. WHERRY. I should like to know with reference to the 1,600 cities to which broadened and, let us say, total rent con­ what the answer is. reference has been made? trol law, it should be a new law. It l · Mr. CAIN. The proponents of the · Mr. CAIN. The 1,600 cities are those should be .written on the basis of the joint resolution, so far as I can under- · which are presently under control but requirements and needs of that day. It stand from their arguments, say that it which have not yet requested an ex.­ should have no relationship or bear any may be necessary to haye a new, larger, tension of 6 months. semblance of relationship to a law which and more rigorous Federal rent-control Mr. WHERRY. What must they do if has been on the statute books for some law, and therefore we should not permit they wish to . have an extension of 6 years and which has never worked in the present law to expire on December months? a sound and equitable way. Although 31, 1950, but should extend it for 60 days, Mr. CAIN. That is provided for in the it has been fair enough to some people, so that the new Congress may have an law, a copy of which I am endeavoring it has been totally unfair to tens of opportunity to make up its mind as to to obtain. thousands of other Americans. · It seems what ought to be done. It is obvious Mr. WHERRY. Does the answer lie to me that any law which Congress that the rent-control law of the land will in the pending joint resolution? writes should provide justice to every­ not expire on December 31, 1950. Now Mr. CAIN. No. I shall be glad to read, one. that 800 cities have requested an exten- from the law as soon as I have it before Mr. WHERRY. I thank the Senator. sion of 6 months, it is very logical to as- me. I am not completely familiar with Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the sume that other cities will have made the mechanics involved, but any city may Senator yield for a question? such a request by December 31, 1950. by affirmative action of its city coun- Mr. CAIN. Before the Senator from , We shall therefore continue to have a cil pass an instrument-rarely an ordi­ Nebraska leaves the Chamber, I should. Federal rent-control law for 800 or more nance, and in most cases a resolution~ like to read the following section of the cities. which says in effect: "We, the city coun- ·present law, dealing with the steps which t . It would be my own judgment that if t h 1 d th t . the United States faces a national emer- cil, on this da e ave reso ve a we a city must take in order to obtain a 6 want to extend Federal rent control for months' extension of the rent-control ! gency requiring a total mobilization of an additional 6 months." That instru- law: its resources and assets and manpower, ment is certified and sent to the Office of SEC. 5. Section 204 (j) (3) of the. Housing it will probably be found that a Federal the Housing Expediter. It is stamped and Rent Act of: 1947, as amended, is hereby 1 ;rent-control law will be required in the "Approved," and that is all there is to it. amended to read as follows: ' future. But I ought to make it clear Mr. WHERRY. That is what I "(3) The Housing Expediter shall termi­ that such a law must be a :hew piece of nate the provisions of this title in any in­ legislation, it must be a law in keeping wanted to know. Apparently the time corporated city, town, village, or in the un­ with the requirements, not of 1941 or element does not work against them. incorporated area of any county upon receipt ~942, but in keeping with the require- The procedure involved does not work of. a resolution of its governing body adopted ments of 1951 and 1952. We· are going against them. In other words, if the for that purpose in accordance with appli­ to need a law-if we shall need any law- act is not extended tomorrow a city cable local law and based upon a finding by such governing body reached as the re­ which will be completely dissimilar from would have .from now until January 1 sult of a public hearing held after 10 days' the law we now have. The greatest fa- to take such affirmative action? notice, that there no longer exists such a var I can think of. granting to the new Mr. CAIN. ·My understanding is that shortage in rental housing accommodations congress; with particular reference to the Senator from Nebraska is precisely as to require rent control in such city, town, the Banking and currency Committee, correct. However, I wish to say further village, or unincorporated area in such would be to afford it a full and free op- that if we pass the joint resolution to­ county--" portunity to take testimony, and to write morrow, the next Congress will be con­ Mr. WHERRY. Does not that section and design a new law which would work fronted with the question: "What do w:e refer to decontrol-? without any further relationship or ref- want to do about the law which is now Mr. CAIN. Yes; I wanted to follow erence to the present rent-control law, on the books?" Therefore, Congress will it immediately with the pr.oviso with re­ which is outmoded and archaic and un- be concerned .with a law which has not spect to the continuance of controls. fair, and which is ~ot working, in thou- worked and with the management of a Mr. WHERRY. I believe it is on page sands of instances, to bring simple, com- law which is wholly suspect by prac­ ·mon justice to American citizens. I . tically every thinking person in America. 23. have endeavored to state the argument It is interesting and unusual to note that Mr. CAIN. I have before me Public of the proponents, and I have stated my the Office of the Housing Expediter is Law 574, Eighty-first Congress. The view of why I think it is not a valid as badly thought oii..by the Committee following section, when read in conjunc­ argument. for Industrial Organization as it is by tion with the other section, provides a Mr. WHERRY. I wish to thank the the property owners of America. Every-. clear picture of the situation with re­ Senator for his brief explanation, and one dislikes and has a minimum of re­ spect to a city which either decontrols fer having given us his observations with spect for the Office of the Hoµsing Ex­ or continues controls: respect to the argument of the propo- pediter, although admittedly the re.asons SEC. 4. Section 204 (f) of the Housing and Rent Act of 1947, as amended, is hereby 'nents. I should, however, like to ask for such disrespect and dislike vary. amended to read as follows: one more question. What are the me- Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will "(f) -(1) The provisions of this title, ex-­ chanics? Let us assume that a city the Senator yield for another question? cept section 204 (a) , shall cease to be in wished to take ad.vantage of the·oppor- Mr. CAIN. Certainly. effect at the close of Dacember 31, 1950, e.:::~ 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16197 . cept that they shall cease to be in effect at opportunity to either escape or continue through a resolution. Obviously, any the close of June 30, 1951- with rent control for a period of 30 days judge has the right to make any decision " (A) in any incorporated city, town, or village which, at a time when maximum rents beyond the present expiration date? he deems proper. u n der this title are in effect therein, and Mr. CAIN. I can only say in all se­ The dilemma which now faces us, and prior to December 31, 1950, declares (by reso­ riousness that from my point of view no because of which I submitted an amend­ lution of its governing body adopted for that sound purpose would be achieved if that ment to Senate Joint Resolution 207 yes­ purpose, or by popular referendum, in ac­ suggestion were adopted. To repeat, I · terday, is that if the Supreme Court of cordance with local law) that a shortage of say that for the reason that Federal rent the United States upholds the circuit rental housing accommodations exists which controls are not going to expire in Amer­ court of appeals' decision, it means that requires the continuance of rent control in ica on the last day of this year. the action taken by 800 American cities such city, town, or village." Mr. MALONE. Except in the case of through resolutions to extend rent con­ Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will cities which have not taken action. trols for 6 months. into 1951 will be in­ the Senator yield? Mr. CAIN. Yes; but let us stay with valid, that comparable resolutions re­ Mr. CAIN. Yes; certainly. that question a moment and see if we sulting in decontrol of rents in scores of Mr., WHERRY. Is it under the latter are not in agreement. American cities will likewise be invalid, provision that the 800 cities have con­ There are 2,400 American cities now and that all the parties at issue, both tinued rent control? under Federal rent control. Federal property owners and tenants, must have Mr. CAIN. Any city which desires an rent control will expire for all of those recourse to the courts of the land. The extension of 6 months is required simply 2,400 cities which, by the close of busi­ single purpose of the amendment of yes­ to prepare an instrument, approved by ness on December 31 of this year, have terday was to validate all of the city its city council. That is the end of it. not requested an extension of 6.months. actions taken in the past, either for ex­ Eight hundred cities have taken action Eight hundred of the two thousand four tension or decontrol. under that section. Sixteen hundred hundred cities have already requested Mr. MALONE. Regardless of whether cities have the right to do it between such an extension. Between now, the or not it was done by city ordinance or now and the last day of this year. 6th day of December, and the last day by resolution. Mr. WHERRY. I believe paragraph 2 of this year, x number of additional Mr. CAIN. The Senator is correct. answers my question. It reads: cities will have requested such extension. Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the (2) Any incorporated city, town, or village For the first 6 months of next year there Senator further yield? which makes the declar.ation specified in will be just as much Federal rent con­ Mr. CAIN. I yield, paragraph (1) (A) of this subsection shall trol for those cities which have requested Mr. MALONE. The junior Senator notify the Housing Expediter -in writing of an extension as there is today. The from Nevada favored the first extension, such actiol}. promptly after it has been taken. Congress of the United States put the containing the local option provision re­ Mr. CAIN. That is what I have pre­ cities of America on notice fully 6 months lating to the action of cities, counties, or viously indicated. The only action a ago that they could either decontrol other subdivisions decontrolling by reso­ city is required to take is to notify the themselves or request an extension. I lution, but with the approval of the Gov­ Housing Expediter in writing. think the question which the Senator ernor of the State. In some of the States, Mr. WHERR1:;. That is the machin­ raises is not valid, because to extend the including my own State of Nevada, it ery by which they may retain rent law for any period of time beyond De­ was found that the Governor refused to control? cember 31, 1950, would simply in sub­ approve several of the resolutions. Mr. CAIN. That is correct. stance be saying to all the cities, "We Therefore the next time rent control was Mr. WHERRY. No prohibition is in gave you the right to make up your extended the junior Senator from Ne­ effect. They need not follow any par­ minds, and now we have concluded that vada was heartily in favor of taking the ticular procedure. All they need to do you do not know how to make up your Governor out of the play entirely . and is have a meeting and authorize a con­ minds, so we of the Congress, who know leaving it entirely to the local areas, be­ tinuance of rent control. By doing so best, are going to do your thinking for cause, as the distinguished junior Sena­ the city comes under class A. you." That is the fundamental basis of tor from Washington has so ably ex­ Mr. CAIN. There is one little provi­ my argument against extension. plained-and that is also the opinion of sion in the law-I do not wish to call it Mr. MALONE. The distinguished the junior Senator from Nevada-no one a gimmick-which says that if a city junior Senator from Washington is fully understands a local situation as well as wishes to decontrol under the local op­ aware of the strong position which the does a city council, and the people who tion clause of the law it must signify junior Senator from Nevada has often live in the particular city or area. There­ its intention to that effect by holding taken, namely that local control is far fore it is the opinion of the junior Sena­ public hearings. However, if a city better than congressional control two or tor from Nevada that such a local option wishes to continue rent control all it is three thousand miles away, and should provision was very fair. required to do is pass a simple resolution be protected at all times. Mr. CAIN. Six months ago the Con­ to that effect. Without being unduly Mr. CAIN. I am conscious of that. gress and the President agreed with the critical, I know that, from a very serious Mr. MALONE. Will the junior Sena­ view just announced by the junior Sen- anxiety and concern for the welfare of tor from Washington explain why his ator from Nevada. • the American people, generally ·the amendment to the joint resolution, sub­ Mr. MALONE. That is true. As I Housing Expediter will, with consider­ mitted on December 5, would be neces­ understand, it is the opinion of the junior able alacrity, help in transmitting his sary, provided the joint resolution were Senator from Washington that ample approval to any city which wants a con- _ to pass? In other words, is there some time has been given, and that there is . tinuation of Federal rent control. misunderstanding of the law with re­ nothing between now and January 1 Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the spect to resolutions of a governing body to prevent any city which has not Senator yield? or an official body, so that it is necessary already requeste dextension, or to be Mr. CAIN. I shall be glad to yield if in some manner to legalize the decisions relieved of all regufations, to take the I am permitted to do so. of some areas? proper action through resolution, which Mr. MALONE. I know that the junior Mr. CAIN. I am pleased to answer I understand the junior Senator from Senator from Washington has made a that question. However, it is a very long Washington to say he believes was the very detailed study of this entire sub­ story. · I shall answer as briefly as I can. intention of Congress in the first place. ject. Therefore, I should like to ask him As the result of an appeal by some In other words, it was the intention that a question. interested parties in Los Angeles, Calif., it could be done merely by a resolution. Mr. CAIN. I am glad to yield for a taken to the circuit court of appeals, Mr. CAIN. I think it was the inten­ question. the circuit court recently ruled that in tion of the Congress, including the very Mr. MALONE. Because of the late­ its opinion the Congress meant, when it distinguished chairman of the Banking ness of the date and the convening of wrote this local-option provision, that and Currency Committee and other most State legislatures some time in­ a community could either request exten­ members of his committee, both Re­ January, would there be any reason, in sion or take decontrol action only publicans and Democrats, as well as the Senator's opinion, for extending the through a city ordinance, and not M~mbers of the Senate generally, and 16198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-~ENATE DECEMBER 6 Members of the House of Representa­ Because of the very great possibility that Mr. CAIN. It would be my considera­ tives, that the intention of the Con­ the United States Supreme Court cannot act tion that there would be no one in this on the appeal before December 31 it would body who would dissent from that view. gress-and the President signed his seem that the only way the situation could name to the measure-was to permit the be met would be to add a proviso to Senate Mr MAYBANK. Mr. President, will cities of America, by any legal means Joint Resolution 207 which is now before the s~nator yield?. within their authority, to decontrol or the Senate. I would most strongly urge Mr. CAIN. I yield. to ask for an extension. that the resolution. be amended in line with Mr. MAYBANK. The Senator asked Mr. MAYBANK rose. the attached memo in order to take care me the same question, and I will say that Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the of this legal situation in which the cities that was the view held by the committee. Senator yield further? find themselves as a result of the court of Mr. CAIN. And testimony to that ef­ appeals' decision. . Mr. CAIN. I yield. With best wishes always, I am, fect was offered in the hearing before Mr. MALONE. I .should like very Yours sincerely, the committee held the other day. much to have the explanation of the PAUL V. BETTERS, Mr. MAYBANK. That is correct. chairman of the Banking and Currency Executive Director. Mr. CAIN. I shall proceed as rapidly . Committee. as possible, sir, to answer questions as If I may add a further point, it is often . Mr. Betters was one of those who tes­ best I can, as I am always interested in. almost impossible even for a city council tified, as my good friend from Washing­ the field of property management · and to pass an ordinance in a short time, be­ ton knows. I had intended to mention the rights which belong to American cause there are certain technicalities this memorandum, if the Senator from citizens. · which must be complied with, whereas Washington did not do so. As a matter Now, Mr. President, let us examine the a resolution is a different thing. I of fact, I believe the Senator from Wash­ justification for Senate Joint Resolution should like very much to hear the ex­ ington attended the meeting of the Con­ 207, as advanced by its proponents-as planation of the chairman of the Bank­ ference of Mayors on the morning of the found in the committee report. Bear in ing and Currency Committee on that day I happened to meet with some of mind always that in our discussion of point. them in the afternoon. this proposed legislation we are concern­ Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, if the I understand that the Senator from ing ourselves only with 1,600 cities out of Senator from Washington will yield, I Washington is not for the joint resolu­ a national total of 6,600 American cities shall be glad to comment. tion, even with the amendment. I have whose population exceeds 1,000. Mr. CAIN. I shall be grateful to the not studied the details of the amend­ The report states "In many of these senator from South Carolina for his ment, but I am having it studied now. I same areas"-meaning these 1,600 comments. intend to accept some amendment .which would ·protect the municipalities of this cities-"it has been and will continue to Mr. MAYBANK. I am fully aware of be necessary to house many more peo­ the fact that 2 days after the President country. At one time I had the honor ple due to an increase in defense pro­ signed his name to . the bill war broke to be a member of the Conference of Mayors. duction or activation of military estab­ out in Korea. Conditions today are en­ lishments after December 31, 1950." tirely different from what they were last Mr. CAIN. The intention of the Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, will year when we passed the bill. I made amendment which I submitted yesterday the Senator yield to me so I may make the statement that I did not think the to Senate Joint Resolution 207 is merely one more observation? · present Congress should consider a new to validate all the actions in the form of Mr. CAIN. I am glad to yield. rent-control bill, because it would not resolutions taken by the cities, for or Mr. MAYBANK. I wish to say for the have time to write a proper bill. I be­ against· control. benefit of the Senator f-rom Nevada that lieve that a rent-control bill should be Mr. MAYBANK. I talked with the the joint resolution, if passed, would take written in keeping with the all-over con­ Senator before he went to speak to the away no rights from the communities or trol act, which has not been sufficiently mayors. the cities which we have previously ex­ used, to my way of thinking. Never­ Mr. CAIN. I understand that the tended. It is our intention to leave the theless, we have not the time in this committee staff is not only sympathetic same provisions in it as are contained in Congress to write a new rent-control bill. toward the amendment, but hopes to be the law, so any cities can, by their own . I do not believe that the present Con­ able to recommend its inclusion in the 9,ction, decontrol. gress should undertake, within the short joint resolution. · Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, with all due time remaining in this session, to write Mr. MAYBANK. I know that some­ deference to my colleague, I would have permanent legislation, in view of the fact thing of the sort must be included, be­ to take positive exception to what he has ·that the next Congress will meet in Jan­ cause of the possibility of the Supreme just said, for, in my opinion anyway, I uary. It was for that reason that I sug­ Court not acting. I certainly intend to hold that the passage of ·senate Joint gested an extension under States' rights accept the Senator's amendment, or to Resolution 207 takes away the most im­ and under city rights to continue for 2 work out something jointly. I would not portant right of all which had previously months, which would give some cities an commit myself as to the exact wording. been given to the American cities, name­ opportunity to continue rent control for I wanted to have that matter made per­ ly, the right of self-determination. The 6 months under the present law. fectly clear. law of the land as it now stands, and as The distinguished Senator from Wash­ I further wish to say to the Senator it was passed about 6 months ago, said ington has been addressing a group of from Nevada [Mr. MALONE] that the to any American city of some 2,400 cities: mayors on the subject of the decision of joint resolution simply provides for an "Between now and the 31st day of De­ the circuit court of appeals. He and extension of 2 months. We have no bill cember 1950 you shall be given a choice I are both former mayors. For many dealing with the subject. However, iC to determine whether you want to re­ years both of us belonged to the United the ·war situation does not become better quest an extension of controls for 6 States Conference of Mayors . . I hap­ in another year-which we all hope and months, or if you do not, the law, inas­ pened to hold a small office in that or­ pray it will-we shall be obliged to deal much as it affects you, will expire on the ganization at one time. The executive with the matter. Let us deal with it 31st day of December 1950." The pas­ director of the Conference of Mayors has then in connection with a defense bill, in sage of the joint resolution tomorrow will written me as follows: ·connection with a bill having to do with say to these 1,600 cities now under con­ The decision of the United States Court the Military Establishment. trol, but which have not requested an­ of Appeals for the District of Columbia Cir• Mr. MALONE. Mr.·President, I know other 6 months' extension, "We meant cuit on November 24 last has thrown the that courts often consider the intent of no such thing." whole rent control situation into confusion.· Congress if the intent is clear. I under­ Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, will In spite of the patently clear provisions of stand from the distinguished Senator the bill passed earlier this year the Court's the Senator yield? decision in effect holds that all resolutions from Washington that he believes, as Mr. CAIN. I am pleased to yield, be­ adopted by city councils in accordance with does the junior Senator from Nevada, cause that is the hub around which the local law (for either decontrol or continua­ that the intent of Congress was that a whole argument now revolves. tion up to June 30 n ext) are invalid. The resolution of a city council would be Mr. MAYBANK. The extension of 2 court held only ordinances were legal. sufficient. months merely means that cities which 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE - 16199 had intended to take the action to de­ tion, nor do they have any intention of I suppose they can only if they are told ccntrol would have two months more in requesting an additional 6 months. The by the Chief Executive of the country which to do it. The Senator will agree cities which those mayors represent have that we are at war, and should settle with me on that point, will -he not? relied upon the law of the land, which down, fight it out, economically, socially, Mr. CAIN. No. I should like first to says with reference to a particular city, politically, and militarily, and win the ask the Senator what he means by say­ "If it was your wish neither to take ac­ war which has surrounded us on all sides ing that the passage of the joint resolu­ tion to decontrol yourself nor to take ac­ and been a part of us since the 26th day tion would say to those American cities tion to extend controls for 6 months, you of June, 1950. which have not had an opportunity to would be out from under controls on the Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the decontrol that there will be an· extension 31st of December 1950. Senator yield further? of 2 months within which they can do so. Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the Mr. CAIN. I yield. Mr. MAYBANK. They will have the Senator yield? Mr. MALONE. I see that even the opportunity then to extend control for 6 Mr. CAIN. I yield. Department of Commerce realizes there months, or decontrol, whichever they Mr. MALONE. It is possible that is now an emergency in existence. They wish to do. many of the 1,600 cities are counting have at last, at this late date, ordered Mr. CAIN. The Senator will permit automatically on being decontrolled. that shipments of steel and rubber and me to point out that it is my opinion that Mr. CAIN. I do not know to what ex­ munitions to Communist China be the cities have had 5 months to make up tent that is true, but I happen to be stopped. their minds. closely associated with a great number Mr. CAIN. The Senator from Wash­ Mr. MAYBANK. Yes. . of these mayors, and many of them have ington wishes it was neither a war nor an Mr. CAIN. They still have the time told me that is identical with their own emergency. But it is both. between the 6th day of December and the situation. They have relied on the law To continue, Mr. President, the report 31st day of December to determine to run its own course. further states that employers are ex­ whether they want 6 months more. Mr. MALONE. They have relied on periencing difficulty in- recruiting and Mr. MAYBANK. The Senator is the word of Congress that the law would retaining in-migrant workers due to the correct. expire on December 31, 1950. inability of the new workers to find hous­ Mr. CAIN. And the joint resolution, if Mr. CAIN. It is· an important and ing, and that commanding officers are it shall be passed tomorrow, will say to interesting question any way one looks expressing concern over the inability of all cities, "You are not going· to be given at it. military personnel to obtain housing. the choice of self-determination." Now Mr~ President, we have been fighting a That language, if I understand it, that is what we really are talking about. states that there is presumed to be, or Mr. MAYBANK. No, because they war in Korea for more · than 5 months. Certainly the existence of that war has that there may in the future be, a short­ will be given a choice of self-determina­ age of shelter in some 1,600 communities. tion, if they do not use it for a period of been impressed on the minds of all Americans. I would take for granted If a housing shortage can be proven in_ two additional months. No change is any or all of these 1,600 cities, I defy any made in the law. They are simply given that most American cities have given serious consideration to whether in their Senator or any other thinking person to 2 months more. prove that we can cure the shortage and Mt. MALONE. Mr. President, will the considered opinion additional Federal rent controls are required for their needs. create badly needed and immediate Senator yield? housing production by further imposing Mr. CAIN. I yield. ·It seems to me that we must give the benefit of the doubt to every city and Federal rent control on that city. If I Mr. MALONE. If the distinguished thought Federal rent control would Senator from Washington would allow assume that if it has not asked for an .extension of 6 months, it knew what it produce any housing, I certainly would me, perhaps this statement might clar­ be in favor of it. If housing is impera­ ify the situation. In the case of cities was doing, and that city does not require any additional extension of control. tively needed in any industrial area or which have taken no action to extend adjacent to any military establishment, their controls, because they think they Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the why do we not. do something about it, are out from under controls automati­ Senator yield? really? We shall not be doing anything cally on the 1st of January, the adoption Mr. CAIN. I yield. about it by the passage of Senate Joint of the joint resolution tomorrow would Mr. MALONE. I might call to the at­ Resolution 207. If housing is impera­ automatically make it necessary for tention of the distinguished Senator tively needed in an industrial area or them to take decontrol action to get out from Washington the fact that the Pres­ near a military establishment, let the from under, or else continue with con­ ident has not yet said we are at war. Executive agencies accelerate and put trol. He has said that this is a police action. back into motion all of the present legis­ Mr. CAIN. The Senator could not be Mr. CAIN. Certainly, I would not ar­ lation which has as its purpose aid to more right. gue at the moment with a man who must housing production, both private and Mr. MAYBANK. That is correct. be sorely distressed by so many difficult public. Is there anything wrong with That is what I said. problemR r..s is the President today. But that? Mr. CAIN. That is for continuing I would say that I and a good many other Rent controls are generally thought control action, not decontrol. Americans understand and know what to be a means of getting more housing Mr. MALONE. The holidays are near. war is, and from the minute the first units in which persons may live. When That is the reason the junior Senator bullet was fired, particularly under the rent control does no such thing, let us from Nevada asked the junior Senator circumstances in which the first bullet look for a piece of machinery which will from Washington whether, in his opin­ was fired in Korea headed north, we accomplish the purpose which all of us ion, the time was adequate, and it was Americans had a right to assume that it have in mind. Let this or the new Con­ not necessary to extend the time. I still was the beginning of a larger war; but it gress enact the necessary legislation believe that many of the 1,600 cities that was war with all its bloodshed and which will provide and assist in the im­ have not taken such action will think tragedy from the very minute the ag­ mediate construction of emergency that it is best to let sleeping dogs lie, gressor crossed the thirty-eighth parallel, housing, whether it be of the Lanham and get out from under control on Jan­ and the determination of the United Na­ Act type, trailers, prefabricated units, uary 1. tions was to drive the aggressor back barracks type, or Quonset huts. Passage Mr. CAIN. There is now in confer­ from where he came. of- Senate Joint Resolution 207 will not ence the American Municipal Associa­ Mr. MALONE. I will say to the dis­ produce or create any immediately tion. It consists of hundreds of may­ tinguished Senator from Washington needed housing. On the contrary, a con.­ ors, scores of whom are now in Wash­ that the junior Senator from Nevada tinuing imposition of Federal rent regu­ ington, D. C. A good many of those thoroughly agrees with the conclusions ulation will have the effect of further re­ mayors have told me that their city of the Senator from Washington. ducing the existing inventory of rental councils have not yet taken action to de­ Mr. CAIN. In my opinion it would be facilities. The junior Senator from control their cities; that they do not extremely good for the American peo­ Washington has stated many times be­ have any intention of taking such ac- ple to understand the real situation, and fore, and his statement has never been 16200 CON_GRES_SIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 6 challenged, that since the imposition of The PRESIDING OFFICER e senior assistant sanitarians ( equiva­ The following-named persons to be post­ Otho F. Wilson, Paoli, Ind., in place of lent to the Army rank of captain), effective masters: J. M. Trinkle, retired. dates indicated. ALABAMA IOWA Harold Wainess, November 2, 1950. Billye S. McElroy, Livingston, Ala., in Loyd D. Webb, Alta Vista, Iowa, in place Darold W. Taylor, November 8, 1950. place of L. A. McLean, deceased. of J. W. Weber, retired. .1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16205

Gordon F. Williamson, Battle Creek, Iowa, MINNESOTA Francis E. Davenport, · Pitman, N. J., in in place of E. E. Carlson, retired. John A. Rolig, Center City; Minn., in place place of E. R. Smith, deceased. Raymond A. Veale, Boone, ,Iowa, in place of H: H. Gunz, transferred. Harry F . Kolbert, Skillman, N. J., in place · of J . A. Hull, retired. Carl F. Ardin, Cook, Minn., in place of O. J. of M. F . Brophy, retired. Elbie R. Petro, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in place Leding, retired. Fiore V. Romeo, Stirling, N. J., in place of of F. B. Baldwin, retired. Harland E. Stierlen, Elysian, Minn., in place Christof Lindenmayer, retired. Raymond c. Formanek, Chelsea, Iowa, in of N. A. Terrell, resigned. · John F . Carroll, Teaneck, N. J ., in place of place of Joseph Benesh, retired. John 0 . Barklow, Kasota, Minn., in place J. J. Allen, removed. Gorin.an B. Howell, Clarinda, Iowa, in place of A. L. Davies, retired. Joseph S. Chamberlain, Titusville, N. J., in of C. L. Herren, retired. · William C. Culhane, Marshall,. Minn., in place of B. S. Agnew, retired. Earl E. Gaule, Clearfield, Iowa, in place of place of A. P . .Rose, retired. M. W. Palmer, deceased. · NEW YORK Joseph D. Folsom, Ogilvie, Minn., in place Glenn 0. Robinson, Adams, N. Y., in place Regnald T. Naae, Graettinger, Iowa, in of F. S. Averill, retired. · place of V. L. O'Connor, retired. of J. W. Cain, retired. Fritz R. Greenfield, Pease, Minn., in place Harold James Hyland, Arcade, N. Y., in Paul F. Goergen, Granville, Iowa, in place of W. F. Groenveld, deceased. of J . A. Bunkers, transferred. place of H. J. Hyland, resigned. Mary E. Lannon, Prior Lake, Minn., in James W. Maloney, Aurora, N. Y., in place William R. Wilson, Hampton, Iowa, in place place of J.M. Lannon, deceased. of R. A. Fox, resigned. of J. L. Purcell; retired. · Leslie J. Henderson, Roosevelt, Minn., in George W. Dedrick, Bayport, N. Y., in place Richard D. McCarty, Hartley, Iowa, in place of Adolph Oseid, deceased. place of A. F. Palmquist, retired. of J. S. Annable, retired. Mabel V. Lundholm, Round Lake, Minn., Jqhn J, Bohuslaw, Bay Shore, N. Y., in Walter E. Dietsch, Hills, Iowa, in place of in place of V. B. Flentje, resigned. A. L. Jenn, retired. place of A. J. Melton, retired. Delbert D. Merrill, Silver Lake, Minn., in Fletcher R. Ward, Bemus Point, N. Y., in Edward C. Fritsche, Homestead, Iowa, in place of W. 0. Merrill, retired. place of J. H. Eichacker, deceased. place of Gerald Aldrich, resigned. Jerome E. Whalen, Jefferson, Iowa, in place MISSISSIPPI Aileene D. Schaad, Clarence Center, N. Y., of L. B. Gibbons, retired. James W. Norwood, Amory, Miss., in place in place of K. M. Raps, deceased. Arlie V. Otto, Johnston,. Iowa, in place of · of Romie Green, retired. George A. Christensen, Clymer, N. Y., in A. L. Murray, resigned. Alonzo A. Vance, Chunky, Miss., in place place of J. J . Reagan, retired. Lloyd M. Crumly, Letts, Iowa, in place of of Bessie Puckette, retired. Arthur L. Rennie, Cornwallville, N. Y. Of­ N. M. Parsons, retired. John M. Allred, Collins, Miss., in place of fice became Presidential July 1, 1947. Harlan W. Cohrs, Lewis, Iowa, in place of G. B. Mcintosh, resigned. James W. Ansbrow, Darien Center, N. Y., in A. A. Smith, deceased. Julian B. Gardner, Columbus, Miss., in place of, E. M. Ortner, retired. Paul J. Vollmer, Manning, Iowa, in place of place of G. Y. Banks, deceased. . Abraham Finkle, Far Rockaway, N. Y., in K. D. Eden, retired. Leonard C. Gibson, Jr., Crawford, Miss., in place of E. M. Fitter, retired. Henry C. Pendergraft, Mason City, Iowa, place of C. D. Bragg, transferred. Michael S. Valvo, Forestville, N. Y., in in place of A. M. Schanke, retired. George Martel Bridges, Ethel, Miss., - in place bf H. A. Dye, resigned. Doris B. Kimzey, Milo, Iowa, in. place of place of J. H. Middlebrook, resigned. Charles K. Myers, Frewsburg, N. Y., in Oliver Van Syoc, retired. Rufina W. Gully, Gholson, Miss., in place place of A. W. Stitt, removed. Mark H. Booth, Montour, Iowa, in place of of M. M. Whittle, retired. John D. Allardice, Hudson, N. Y., in place D. F. Sturtz, transferred. Callie R. Davis, Handsboro, Miss., in place of A. G. Harvey, deceased. John L. Weno, North Liberty, Iowa, in of S. F. Myers, retired. Marjorie H. Schneider, Islip, N. Y., in place place of L. J. Mehaffey, deceased. Ruth Seale, Lyon, Miss., in place of E. C. of E. S. Raynor, deceased. Elder 0. Bottolfson, Northwood, Iowa, in Stephens, retired. Jesse J. Bridge, Madison, N. Y., in place of place of H. C. Johnson, resigned. Grace C. Beasley, ·Pelahatchee, Miss., in G. J. McGovern, retired. Mary A. Boldra, Randolph, Iowa, in place place of B. M. Gallaspy, deceased. John E. Conley, Marcellus, N. Y., in place of Dale Fichter, transferred. James Q. Pylant, Purvis, Miss., in place of of W. T. Conley, resigned. Harold A. Berg, Ruthven, Iowa, in place A. M. Avery, transferred. Carmen Murano, Memphis, N. Y., in place of R. A. Gleason, transferred. Robert P. Barron, Smithdale, Miss., in of K. B. Kinne, deceased. Robert J. Balik, Spillvill.e, Iowa, in place place of D. R. Butler, re.tired. Norman-S. Wilber, Mount Tremper, N. Y., of Anton Balik, retired. Richard D. Robbins, Summit, Miss., in in place of H. B. Ecker retired. Gerald J. Svacina, Tama, Iowa, in place place of J. A. Jones, deceased. Helena C. Carroll, Oriskany, N. Y., in place of John Hynek, resigned. Zelda M. Dye, Vardaman, Miss., in place. of of T. F. Carroll, retired. Berle G. Keck, Washta, Iowa, in place of J. E. Morgan, resigned. James J. Sullivan, Quogue, N. Y., in place J. G. Chapman, retired. · Clyde T. Furr, Wesson, Miss., in place of of E. H. Stevens, resigned. Matthew J. Blong, Waucoma, Iowa, in place A. E. McGee, transferred. Jeannette L. Moran, Rexford, N. Y., in place of C. E. Lynch, retired. - Ira L. Moore, West Enterprise, Miss., in of A. R. Knowlton, retired. place of a. L. Wright, retired. Sim S. Garrett, Upton, N. Y. Office estab­ KENTUCKY lished August 1, 1947. Parker D. Moore, Bardwell, Ky., in place of MISSOURI Fred S. Richardson, Westfield, N. Y., in B. P. Edrington, deceased. Pansy B. France, Forest City, Mo., in place place of r::. N. Skinner, retired. Donald McDonald, Hardyville, Ky., in place of B. W. Brown, deceased. Horace C. Orton, Wingdale, N. Y., in place of B. B. Davidson, resigned. Joseph 0. Burchfield, Marshfield, Mo., in of J . W. Hodge, retired. LOUISIANA place of W. T. McMahan, retired. Thomas A. Brown, Wyandanch, N. Y., in Dan W. Graves, Bogalusa, La., in place of Charles E. Jones, Rolla, Mo., in place of place of C. J. McMahon, resigned. R. E. Richardson, resigned. H.J. Baysinger, deceased. NORTH CAROLINA Loy R. Gaar, Dodson, La., in place of T. N. Nelson Maness, Stark City, Mo., in place of Willie H. Smith, Rocky Mount, N. C., in Stovall, retired. J. T. Harrison, retired. place of W. L. Joyner, resigned. Arthur H. Prevey, Elizabeth, La., in place Maurice G. Lentz, Sumner, Mo., in place James P. McPherson, Snow Camp, N. C., in of S. C. Knight, resigned. of M. K .. Turner, resigned. place of N. H. Clark, transferred. Etna C. Ducote, Hackberry, La., in place MONTANA Kent_ Haynes, State Road, N. C., in place of A. M. Terral, deceased. of T. A. Gentry, retired. Thomas F. Mahaffey, Jennings, La., in place · Francis I. Adams, Livingston, Mont., in of C. C. Mahaffey, deceased. place of E. H. O'Connor, resigned. NORTH DAKOTA Clifford Duplechin, Mamou, La., in place of Ralph L. Benjamin, Shelby, Mc.mt., in place Mary S. Tomlinson, Benedict, N. Dak., · in S. E. Tate, retired. of G. M. Cox, resigned. place of Alice Jacobson, resigned. · Tilon M. O'Bfor, Shongaloo, La., in place of NEBRASKA ' Edmond W. Green, Hankinson, N. Oak., in A. C. Burns, retired. Chester A. Koza, Clarkson, Nebr., in place place of M. A. Wipperman, retired. Peter N. Retterath, Lidgerwood, N. Oak., in MAINE of G. A. Koza, retired. · Burton E. McKee, Lyman, _Nebr., in place place of A. M. Wagner, retired. J ohn A. Merriman, Sedgwick, Maine, in Walter Kessler, Martin, N. Dak., in place of place of C. B. Means, deceased. of E. L. Denny, resigned. V. C. Magnuson, resigned. MICHIGAN NEW. JERSEY Elizabeth N. Fischer, Streeter, N. Dak., in Hazel D. Harrison, Conklin, Mich., in place Frank A. Brown, Arlington, N. J., in place place of Paul Kietzke, deceased. of Floyd Harrison, ·retired. · of E. F. Rohn, deceased. Edward J. Sondag, Sykeston, N. Dak., in William 0. Kelly, Flint, Mich., in place of Gladys A. Rysinski, Cliffwood Beach, N. J, place of Lena Kremer, retired. D. L. Treat, retired. Office established May l, 1948. OHIO Stella A. Ritchie, New Troy, Mich., in ·place Dorothy B. Jahn, Mantoloking, N, · J., in_ Gwendolyn M. Flack, Bettsville, Ohio, in of E. E. Ritchie, resigned. place of H. W. Polhemus, retired. place of J. W. Turner, retired. Valentine R. Smith, Sau gatuck, Mich., in Edna M. Thompson, Mickleton, N. J, Office Jacob Benjamin Romine, Galion, Ohio, in place of A. G.· O'Neal, retired. became Presidential July 1, 1946. place of W. -V. Goshorn, retired. Russell K. Kilpatrick, Vermontville, Mich., · Edward J. Brennan, Ocean Gate, N. J., in· Dennis E. Hurst, Marietta, ·Ohio, in place of in piace of M.A. Mahar, transferred. place of A. K. Moran, deceased. F. J. McCauley, retired. 16206 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.HOUSE DECEMBER 6

Fred A. Luhnow, North Madison, Ohio, in TENNESSEE place of E. C. Brown, resigned. Andrew J. Frazier, Bon Aqua, Tenn., in HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . Florence V. Needler, Poland, Ohio, in place place of Katie Potts, retired. of J. M. Mccrone, resigned. Ted L. Rozell, Chapel Hill, Tenn., in place WED NE SD{\ Y, DECEMBER 6, 1950 Verdi C. Von Thron, Port Clinton, Ohio, in of Frank Rickman, retired. place of A. W. Kalb, retired. Charles H. Settle, Gainesboro, Tenn., in The House met at 12 o'clock ~10on. OKLAHOMA place of J. C. Sadler, deceased. Rabbi Gunther Plaut, Mount Zion Martha V. Cowan, Cache, Okla., in place of Vesta C. Locke, Mount Juliet, Tenn., in Temple, St. Paul, Minn., offered the f al­ L. M. Norris, transferred. place of R. V. Cawthon, retired. lowing prayer: Bob W. Johnson, Durant, Okla., in place of Charles R. Byrn, Murfreesboro, Tenn., in Ralph Ownby. Incumbent's commission ex­ place of W. F . Earthman, deceri.sed. Our God ·and God of our fathers, in · pired. James A. Britton, Whitesburg, Tenn., in the midst of darkening skies and on the Paul Hampton, Hinton, Okla., in place of place of S. C. Roberts, transferred. eve of a bitter anniversary of our peo­ E. F. Lyon, resigned. -TEXAS ple, we scan the horizon for signs of con­ Elsie V. Fulfs, Randlett, Okla., in place of Ethan L. Upshaw, Belton, Tex., in place of fidence. Of needs, our thoughts turn to P. R. Fulfs, deceased. E. A. White, transferred. Thee who alone canst provide us with OREGON Claude B. Lynch, Jr., Como, Tex., in place of M. L. Garvin, Jr., retired. sustenance for our hope-starved souls. Donald B. Estes, Coquille, Oreg., in place In a world which in the agony of its of M. O. Hawkins, retired. Joe B. Chastain, Emory, Tex., in place of Elva G. Varnum, Crater Lake, Oreg. Office F. R. Allen, retired. · wounds and fears looks either to cynical became Presidential July l, 1948. Thomas J. Agnor, Marshall, Tex., in place nihilism or cheap panaceas, we thank of B. C. McElroy, retired. Thee for men and women who can pre­ PENNSYLVANIA Bonnie F . Goldsmith, Needvllle, Tex., in · serve their sense of history and propor­ Warren E. Horrocks, Blooming Glen, Pa., place of M. C. Warncke·, transferred. tion, who can still see man in the maze tn place of H. R. Shaddinger, retired. UTAH Joseph K. Brown, Blue Ridge Summit, Pa., of mass, and will continue to champion in place of M. F. Birely, retired. Alva G. Boman, Lewiston, Utah, in place of his cause as a person of dignity and Michael C. Barone, Bryn Mawr, Pa., in place J. M. Bernhisel, retired. worth. of P. W. Lukens, resigned. Arvin L. Bellon, Roosevelt, Utah, ir place of J. A. Pack, retired. We pray in this hour for our valiant James H. Taylor, Sr., Canton, Pa., in place sons and daughters who bear our burden of O. S. Williams, retired. VERMONT in far-away places. May our dedication Charles J. Zuerl, Jr., Irvine, Pa., in place Fredric L. Pierce, Barnet, Vt., in place of match their devotion. of J. J. Myers, retired. H. A. Somers, retired. John J. Fox, Ivyland, Pa., in place of A. C. Frederick L. Kemp, Craftsbury, Vt., in place We pray that Thy support and insight De Hart, resigned. of R. B. Kemp, retired. may guide the men and women of this James A. Barkley, Latrobe, Pa., in place of John P. Dudley, East Montpelier, Vt., in Congress. Give them the confidence to J. P. Doherty, deceased. place of C. P. Dudley, retired. know that where they will lead with James E. Clark, Leechburg, Pa., in place of Reginald F. Pelow, Lyndon, Vt., in place courage the people will follow in trust. J. A. Sproull, resigned. of M. K. Paris, retired. Frank H. Glenn, Lemont, Pa., in place of Make them ever aware of the fact that J. C. Hillman, resigned. VIRGINIA sacrifice for freedom is not sacrifice, but Keat P . Heefner, Mercersburg, Pa.., in place Hicklen B. Quillen, Jr., Gate City, Va., in service willingly offered-service for our of H. E. Trout, retired. place of B. B. Cox, retired. country and service also to the divine John H. Reuther, Muncy, Pa., in place of Charles T. Braswell, Norton, Va., in place goal of humanity, living in liberty. L. D. Sedam, retired. of J.C. Litts, resigned. Fred E. Slick, New Florence, Pa., in place Moffett E. Bibb, Jr., Weyers Cave, Va., in Thus we ask Thy blessing upon their of N. J. Brendlinger, deceased. place of J. S. Hinegardner, retired. deliberations and their work. With free­ Joseph V. McGrory, Norristown, Pa., in Mayo H . Worrell, Zuni, Va., in place of dom as their guidepost, may they, with place of M. B. Marr; removed. Percy Bradshaw, retired. Thee as their fortress, serve our country Mary R. Vincent!, Plainsville, Pa., in place WASHINGTON and thus the hopes of man. Amen. of L. M. Bennett, retired. Elizabeth M. Foreman, Pulaski, Pa., in Jehn P. McMonagle, Tacoma, Wash., in The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ place of V. R. Nosik, resigned. place of G. P. Fishuurne, retired. terday wa3 read and approved. Freda L. Riley, Salisbury, Pa., in place of WEST VIRGINIA MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE D. H. Broadwater, resigned. Charles W. Maloney, Bradshaw, W. Va., in Robert Schneider, Scenery Hill, Pa., in place 'of William Perkins, resigned. A message from the ·Senate, by Mr. place of G. C. Wonsettler, retired. Woodruff, its enrolling clerk, announced Theodora R. Renner, Secane, Pa., in place WISCONSIN that the Senate had passed without of 0. M. Hardican, removed. Richard P. Koenigs, Campbellsport, Wis., amendment bills of the House of the Sarah V. Webster, Sewickley, Pa., in place in place of w. J. Sullivan, resigned. of J. D. Webster, deceased. Richard E. Graichen, Coloma, Wis., in following titles: Robert C. Powell, Swarthmore, Pa., in place place of H. A. Parkin, retired. H. R. 483. An act to extend the time limit of A. P. Smalley, retired. Norman W. Helgoe, Durand, Wis., in place within which certain suits in admiralty ma,y John C. Hess, Three Springs, Pa., in place of A. C. Smith, removed. be brought against the United States; and of C. W. Hess, transferred. Joseph L. McDonald, Endeavor, Wis., in H . R. 2365. An act for the relief of the city Elizabeth S. Whitesell, Washington Cross­ place of J. I. Sweney, resigned. of Chester, Ill. . ing, Pa. Office became Presidential July 1, Leora C. Zeiger, Lake Beulah, Wis., in THE LATE CHARLES G . ROSS 1948. place of L. F. Mengert, removed. Paul c. Klapp, Watsontown, Pa.,' in place John J. Walsh,' Lannon, Wis., in place of The SPEAK~R. The Chair recognizes of M. M. Beagle, retired. J . J. Flanagan, retired. the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CAN­ Charles L. Johnston, Waynesboro, Pa., in Robert E. Myers, North Freedom, Wis., in NON]. place of W. A. Thompson, resigned. place of Frank Hanley, retired. Henry F. Sickler, Jr., Westtown, Pa., in Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I regret Robert C. Davenport, Okauchee, Wis., in to annom:ce the death of Charles Ross, place of B. S. Farrell, removed. place of M. O. Bartelme, retired. Samuel R. Klinger, Wiconisco, Pa., in place the President's press representative, at of C. E. Minnich, retired. Fred J. French, Prescott, Wis., in place his desk at the White House late last Thomas G. Wilt, Woolrich, Pa., in place of William Murray, retired. evening. He may be considered as one of M. G. Johnston, resigned. John G. Stoffel, Richland Center, Wis., in place of J. P. Kelly, retired. of the casualties of the war. PUERTO RICO Ireen L. Kennedy, Shell Lake, Wis., in place He was one of Missouri's most dis­ Margaret R. Keith, Aguirre, P. R., in place of J. S. Kennedy, deceased. tinguished sons. He had served in every of Jenaro Vasquez, removed. professional newspaper capacity from SOUTH CAROLINA CONFIRMATION reporter to editor of both local and met­ Sam W. Lytchfield, Jr., Bonneau, S. C., in ropolitan newspapers. He received from place of C. M. Mitchum, transferred. Executive nomination confirmed by his alma mater and from -other schools SOUTH DAKOTA the Senate December 6 (legislative day the highest honorary degrees which Laverna L. Marshall, Draper, S. Dak., in of November 27) 1950: could be conferred. As the Pre5ident's place of Emma Peterson, retired. DmECTOR OF PRICE STABILIZATION liaison with the press of the Nation and J a mes W. Sweaney, Sturgis, S. Dak., in Michael V. Di Salle, of Ohio, to be Director the world he was worth a division in the place of S. M. Blair, resigned. of Price Stabilization. field.