,
866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 201
ments and the Governor of the Territory of Alaska ; to the By Mr. PURNELL: A bill (H. R. 11015) granting an in- i Committee on the Territories. crease of pension to Silas Rogers; to the Committee on Pen- 1 By l\!r. BRITTEN: A bill (H. R. 10987) to advance the sions. NaYal Establishment with a view to meeting the 5-5-3 ratio . By Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 11016) grant promote-d by the Washington arms conference, and to authorize mg a pension to Polly Couch; to the Committee on Invalid an increa e in the limits of cost of certain naval vessels, and Pensions. to provide for the construction of additional vessels ; to the Also, a bill (H. R. 11017) granting a pension to Catron Committee on Na>al Affah·s. Jones ; to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. GASQUE: A bill (H. R. 10988) to provide for divid By Mr. RUBEY: A bill (H. R. 11018) granting n pension ing the State of South Carolina into three judicial districts, for to John T. Wilson ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen ions. the appointment of a district judge, district attorney, and mar By Mr. SNELL: A bill (B. R. 11019) granting an increase shal for the eastern district of South Carolina, for the holding of pension to Mary Griffin ; to the Committee on Invalid ' of the terms of court in said districts, and for other purposes ; Pensions. to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, a bill (H. R. 11020) granting a pension to Margaret By Mr. SUMMERS of Washington: Joint resolution (H. J. Richards; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . Re5-l. 312) extending appropriation in connection with Columbia By Mr. SPEAKS: A bill (H. R. 11021) granting -an increa e Basin in>estigations; to the Committee on Appropriations. of pension to l\Iary J. Graham ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. THOMAS of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 11022) grant PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ing an increase of pension to Henry Y. Staton; to the Com Under clau~-re 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions mittee on Pensions. were introduced and seTerally referred as follows: By Mr. VINCENT of Michigan: A bill (H. R. 11023) grant By l\Ir. BEGG: A bill (H. R. 109 9) granting an increase of moo a pension to Arthur Raymond ; to the Committee on Pen pension to Anna Snyder ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sions. AL-;o, a bill (H. R. 10990) granting an increase of pension to By :Mr. WILLIAMS of Illinois: A bill (H. R. 11024) grant Phoebe E. Betts ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ing a. pension to Elizabeth Jamison; to the Committee on In AI. o, a bill (H. R. 10991) granting an increase of pension to valid Pensions. El\esta E. Carper ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By JI.Ir. WILSON of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 11025) granting .AI o, a bill (H. R. 10992) g1:anting an increase of pension to an increase of pension to Elizabeth Davis; to the C{)mmittee on Katie Krieger; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. In;.alid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10993) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 11026) granting nn increase of pension to Maria I I / 1924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE '867 Grant to each in the sepl\r.iltion temporarily for the home PETITIO~S A.."iD MEMORIALS coming that Thy grace may· be made sufficient and that all 1\IJ,'. BORAH presented memorials numerously signed by sun the while we may find ourselves companioned by Him who bath dry citizens of Boise and Moscow, all in the State of Idaho, 'said, "I will never leave thee nor forsake thee." We ask in remonstrating against the passage of legislation providing for Jesus' name. Amen. compulsory Sunday observance in the District of Columbia, The reading clerk proceeded to read the Journal of the pro which were referred to the Committee on the District of Co ceedings of the legislative day of Tuesday, December 16, 1924, lumbia. when, on request of MJ.·. JoNES of Washington and- by unani Mr. FERRIS presented memorials of sundry citizens of Har mous consent, the further 1·eading was dispensed with and the rison, Lake, Temple, Morley, Stanwood, Altona, Onaway, Alden, J om·nal was approved. Wheeler, Alma, Ithaca, Elm Hall, Glennie, Mikado, Barton City, Osceola, Shepherd, Riverdale, Crystal, Sumner, Cedar Lake, MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Stanton, McBride, Edmore, Frankfort, and Ferndale, all in the A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Far State of Michigan, remonstrating against the passage of legis rell, one of its clerks, announced that the .I:louse had passed a lation providing for compulsory Sunday observance in the Dis bill {H. R. 10724) making appropriations for the Navy Depart trict of Columbia, which were referred to the Committee on ment and the naval service for the fiscal year ending June 30, the District of Columbia. · 1926, and for other purposes, in which it requested the concur Mr. CAPPER presented a memorial of sundry citizens of l'ence of the Senate. Ellis County, Kans., remonstrating against the passage of legis 'l'he message also announced that the House had agreed to lation providing for compulsory Sunday observance in the Dis the concurrent resolution ( S. Con. Res. 23) providing for the trict of Columbia, which was referred to the Committee on the appointment of a joint committee to make necessary arrange District of Columbia. • ments for the inauguration of the President elect of the United He also presented a telegram in the nature of a petition States on the 4th of March next, and that l\Ir. GRIEST, 1\Ir. signed by H. L. Kokernot, president ; E. B. Spiller, secretary, !IADLEY, and Mr. RousE were appointed members of the joint Texas and Southwest Cattle Raisers' Association, and S. H. committee on the part of the House to arrange for the inaugu Cowan, American Na~onal Livestock Association, at Fort ration. Worth, Tex., praying for the prompt passage of the so-called EJS"ROLLED BILLS BIG XED Smith-Hoch resolution, being Senate Joint Resolution 107, de The message further announced that the Speaker of the claring agriculture to be the basic industry of the country, and House bad affixed his signature to the following enrolled bills, for other purposes, which was referred to the Committee on and they were thereupon signed by the President pro tempore: Interstate Commerce. H. R. 8657. An act to amend section 98 of the Judicial Code, Mr. SHEPPARD presented a telegram in the nature of a providing for the holding of the United States District Court petition from the McAllen Study Club, of McAllen, Tex., pray at Shelby, N. C. ; and ing for the entrance of the United States into the World Court, H. R. 6941. An act granting pensions and increase of pen which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. sions to certain. soldiers and sailors of the Civil War and cer BILLS INTRODUCED tain widows and dependent children of soldiers and sailors of said war. Bills were introduced, read the first time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred as follows : REPORT OF THE WAr. "FINANCE CORPORATIOX (H. DOC. NO. 486) By Mr. CUMl\HNS : · The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the A bill ( S. 3733) to enlarge the powers of the Washington Senate the Seventh Annual Report of the War Finance Cor Hospital for Foundlings and to enable it to accept the devise poration, which will be referred to the Committee on Finance. and bequest contained in the will of Randolph T. Warwick: to Mr. FLETCHEH.. It seems to me the report ought to be the Committee on the Judiciary. printed as well as referred to the Committee on Finance. I By l\Ir. BUTLEH.: make the request that it be printed as a ·senate document. A bill ( S. 3734) to remit the duty on an addition to a carillon · The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Florida of bells imported for the St. Stephens Chmch, Cohasset, 1\Iass. ; asks that the Seventh Annual Report of the War Finance Cor to the Committee on Finance. poration be printed. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, By 1\Ir. KEYES : and it is so ordered. A bill ( S. 3735) for the relief of Antoine Laporte ; to the COMMITTEE ON IXAUGURAL ARRANGEMENTS · Committee on Military Affairs. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair announces as By l\lr. l\IcNAH.Y: members of the joint committee on the part of the Senate A bill ( S. 3736) authorizing an .appropriation to be expended to take in charge the inaugural ceremonies the Senator from_ URder the provisions of section 7 of the act of March 1, 1911, Kansas [Mr. CURTIS], the. Senator from Maine [Mr. HALE], entitled "An act to enable any State to cooperate with and the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. OvERMAN]. any other State or States, or with the United States, for the protection of the watershed of navigable streams, and THE ALASKA RAILROAD ( S. DOC. "0. 1 7 5) to appoint a commission for the acquisition of lands for Mr. WILLIS. Mr. President, in accordance with the statute the pmpose · of conserving the navigability of navigable the President of the United States submitted to the Congress rivers," as amended; to the Committee on Agriculture and the report of the general manager of the Alaska Railroad, Forestry. together with the report of the superintendent of transporta By l\Ir. JONES of Wa!'lhington: tion, which were referred to the Committee on Territorial and A bill ( S. 3737) granting an increase of pension to Sydney Insular Possessions. There are also included some. rather Skidmore (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on voluminous tables of statistics which it seems to me need Pensions. not be printed, but I ask unanimous consent that the report By Mr. SWA.l~SON : of the general manager and the report of the superintendent A bill (S. 3738) to authorize preliminary examination and of transportation be printe-d as a Senate document. I think survey for the dredging and deepening of Pocaty Creek, a they contain useful information. branch of :Korth Landing River, Ya.; to the Committee on The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the reqne ·t -of the Senator from Ohio? Commerce. l\ir. NORRIS. I have not read the ·report, of course, but A bill (S. 3739) granting an increase of pension to Clare D. the Senator who offers it omits from the printing the statis Fielding ; to the Committee on Pensions. tics. I judge from the papers sent to the desk that they A bill (S. 3740) authorizing -and dir·ecting the Secretary of can not be very voluminous. Although I do not 1..-now what the Treasury to pay toW. Z. Swift, of Louisa County, Ya., the they show or what they are,. it seems to me that we ought insurance due on account of the policy held by Harold Rogis ; not to omit printing the statistics. to the Committee on Claims. Mr. WILLIS. I have not the slightest objection. I looked By Mr. RALSTON: oYer the statistics and thought they were not perhaps im A· bill ( S. 3741) granting a pension to Maggie D. Snack; portant, but if the Senator desires to have them printed I A bill ( S. 3742) granting an increase of pension to Mira B. will include the statistics in my request; and also the illus ~forse; . trations. A bill ( S. 3743) granting an increase of pension to Mary Mr. NORRIS. ·with that understanding I have no objection St. Clair; and to the printing. A bijl ( S. 3744) granting an increase of pension to Mary A. Tl1e PRESIDENT pro tempore. "'Without objection the order Wilson (with accompanying papers) ; to the Comm.i ttee on to print, with the illustrations, is made as requested. Pensions. 868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DEOEJ\IBER 2.(f By Mr. CURTIS: ness is ovel" and a motion to ~eed to the consideration of A.. bill ( S. 374.5) granting an increase of pension to Mary T. the bill might set aside the special order with reference to Glancy (with accompanying papers) ; the Muscle Shoals measure. .A bill (S. 3746) granting an increase of pension to Mary A. Mr. STERI.ING. I understand· not under the unanimous - Brown (with accompanying papers); consent agreement, but that we have until 2 o'clock to consider A bill ( S. 3747) granting an increase of pension to Eliza A. bills o.n the calendar. Reed (with accompanying papers) ; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from South A bill ( S. 3748) granting an increase of pension to Mary E. Dakota will bear in mind a former ruling of the Chair to the Hart (with accompanying papers) ; · ef.Cect that only routine morning business can interfere with A bill ( S. 3749) granting an increase of pension. to Catherine proceeding with the unfinished business, unless by unanimous Walker (with accompanying. papers) ; consent. A bill ( S. 3750) granting an increase of pension. to William Mr. STERLING. That being the ruling of the Chair I sub F. Rogers (with accompanying papers) ; mit, of eour e. A bill ( S. 8751) granting an inerease of pension to Mary Mr. NORRIS. Then I understand the unfinished busine ;3 Ann Luca.c;; (with accompanying papers) ; is now before the Senate? A bill ( S. 3752) granting an increase of pension to Mary J. Th.a PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Muscle Shoals bill is Rowland (with accompanying papers) ; and now before the Senate. A bill ( S. 3753) granting an increase of pensiDn. to Kate MUSCLE SHOALS ~ roest~r (with. accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the l ;ensions. consideration of the bill (H. R. 518)' to authorize and direct By Mr. BORAH: the Secretary of War, f"or national defense in time of war and A bill ( S. ~754) granting a pension to Mordecai M. Gladish for the production of fe'I'tillzers and other useful products in (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Pensions. time of peace, to sell to Henry- Ford, or a corporation to be By 1\Ir. FERNALD : incorporated by him, nitrate plant No. 1, at Shef:Held, Ala. ; A bill (S. 3Too) granting an increase of pension to Sarah J. nitrate plant No. 2", at Muscle Shoals, Ala.; Waco Quarry, Smith (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on near Russellville, Ala.; steam power plant to be located and Pensions. constructed at or near Lock and Dam No. 17 on the Black By Mr. SHORTRIDGE: Warrior Rive-r, Ala., with right of way and transmission line A bill ( S. 3756) for the relief of Maj. Arthur A. Padmore; to nitrate plant No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala.; and to· lease to to the Committee on Claims. Henry Ford, or a corporation to be incorporated by him, Dam :By M:r. DILL: No. 2 and Dam No. 3 (a-s designated in H. Doc. 1262, 64th A bill ( S. 3757) granting a pension to Mary Holst; Cong., 1st sess.), including powel' stations when constructed A Dill {S. 3758) granting a pension to Willis Britton; and as provided herein, and for other purposes. A bill ( S. 3759) granting an increase of pension to William ~1r. NORRIS. Mr. Presid~nt, I told the Senate on yesterday F. Schmadeka; to the Committee on Pensions. that to-day I would give a brief outline of the Ontario situ By Mr. WADSWORTH: ation in water power and electric de,~elopment. I thhik it bears A bill ( S. 3760) to amend in certain particulars the national directly upon the Muscle Shoals proposition. It has been re defense act of June 3, 1916, as amended, and for other pur ferred to several times by Senators. While personally I did not poses; to the Committee on Military Affairs. intend to bring it up unless that question was brought up in AMEND.M:EN"T TO AG1U01JLTURAL .APPROPIUATION BILL the Senate, yet since the question of so-called public owner 1\fr. WATSON submitted an amendment proposing to appro ship and operation of public utilities has been mentioned and priate $20,000 for the establi hment and maintenance af. a live since a very direct illustration, whether good or bad, can be stock market news service at Indianapolis, Ind., incinding·per gh-en in reference to the operation of such utfiities by pub-lic sonal services and other incidental expenses, intended to be · authority, I thought we ought to have just a brief outline of proposed by him to Hou e bill 10404, the Agricultural De wh.a.t the law is in Ontru·io and the method by which they are partment appropriation bill; which was referred to the Com operating and have been operating sinee about 1005. It has mittee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. been in operation about 20 years, starting with a. very small business and expanding until now it is the largest system in CHANGE OF REFERENCE the world of the development of electric light under one abso On motion of :Mr. WARREN, the Committee on Appropria lute control without intet·loclting directors or anything of the tions was discharged from the further consideration of the sort. I think it will be intere ting to let the Senate under bill ( S. 3668) authorizing the construction of additional hos stand the method of operation of those public utilities that is pital facilities for the port of New Orleans, La., and it was pursued there. referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Under the law of the Provinre of Ontario there has been .A.DM.ISSION OF CERTAIN IMMIGRANTS provided a hydroelectric commission similar to the corporation :Mr. CURTIS. At the reque~ of the Senator from New York set up in the Senate committee bill. In fact~ I think the [l\lr. CoPELAND], I move that S-enate Joint Resolution 160, Senate committee bill would have more literally followed the introduced by him yesterday, relative to the immigration of Canadian system had conditions here made it possible to do so certain aliens, be referred to the Committee on Immigration. at once. Senators will see, I think, a:s I p:roceed that under The motion was agreed to. the conditions prevailing here we could not set up that kind of HOUSE BILL REFERRED an institution without having the cooperation of municipalities. The Canadian law, in effect, provides for a voluntary partner The bill (H. R. 10724) making appropriations for the Navy ship of municipalities. It has been extended at various times, Department and the naval service for the fiscal year ending and the law has been changed to extend it as experience has June 30, 1926, and for other purposes, was read twice by its shown it to be necessary. title and referred to the Committee on Appropriations. A partner hlp of muni<'ipalities has been formed for the pur FEOEllAL AID IN RURAL POST ROAD CONSTRUCTION pose of generating electric energy to supply the people and the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Morning businses is closed. business interests in those variou municipalities. No munici Mr. STERLING. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent pality was compelled to go into that partnership, but it wa a that the Senate proceed to the consideration of tl:te bill (H. R. purely voluntary association. The law provided that a hydro 4971) to amend the act entitled "An act to provide that the electric commission should be e. tablished and that it should be United States shall aid the States in the construction of rural the duty of that commission to provide for the generation of po:::lt roads, and for other purposes," approved July 11, 1916, as electricity, to build transmission line , and to supply the elec amended and supplemented, and for other purposes. tricity thus generated and transmitted to such municipalities The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is the.re objection to the as might enter into the agreement and go into the partner hip. consideration of the bill? The system started out, I think, with 10 municipalitie • but Mr. GERRY. 1\Ir. President, this is a bill involving large it now has several hundred, the theory being that electric en expenditures. I should like further time to study it. I have ergy should be supplied to the consumers at absolute cost. not had time to study it and therefore object · to its immediate There was no governmental subsidy ; there was no provision for con...,idern.tion. the expenditure of so-called public funds. The commission, in The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Objection is made. order to get money with which to develop power, issued bonds, Mr. STERLING. Then I move that the Senate proceed to and all the capital investment in the entire operation ha been the consideration of the bill. secured by the sale of such bonds. The commission generate Mr. HARRISON. Mr. President, will the Senator withh{)ld the electricity, b:ansmit it to the muni-cipality, and the munici· that motion for a moment? I understand that morning busi- P!illity takes it. The nnmicipality does its own distributing, . 1924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 869 fixes its own price, issues its own bonds for the building o~ a representing his share of a sinking fund which in 30 years will distributing system within its jurisdiction. The municipality accumulate sufficient to pay off the bonds of. the wholesale sys pays_ to the commission its share of the actual cost of the tem. In every bill that is issued are included the various items system. During all the operation of the system there has which I have mentioned, going in the aggregate to make up never been one cent paid from taxation, with one exception; what the customer must pay. N~w I yield to the Senator from that I shall notice later on in regard to rural or farmer lines. Mississippi. The capital investment has been secured entirely by the is Mr. HARRISON. I wanted to ask the Senator whether the suance of bonds; first, by what we might call the wholesale system which he has been describing applies to all the Prov commission the hydroelectric commission ; and, second, by the inces of Oanada or merely to one Province of Canada? issuance of bonds of the various municipalities which have Mr. NORRIS. It applies merely to one Province. participated in the system. Mr. HARRISON. And in that one Province does it apply Let me refer to the electric-light bills rendered by .a munici merely to the disposition of the power from the Niagara Falls, pality. The municipality issues 13 bills, 12 in the regular or does it apply to all the power that is developed in that way the same as does any other similar institution ; but it Province? do~ not know at the beginning of the year just exactly what · Mr. NORRIS. I can not answer that directly. I can an the cost is going to be; both the cost of operation and the swer it, however, by saying that it is not limited to power de· maintenance of the gene1·al distributing system for the year veloped at Niagara, but it does not apply to all the power. de have to be estimated, and likewise each individual municipal veloped in the Province; in other words, the Canadian law ity has to estimate what it is going to cost to distribute the does not undertake to interfere with any private corporation electricity which it boys of the commission. It estimates the which is developing power. There are private parties devel cost that it is going to incur; it estimates the amount of elec oping power, but the commission, let me say in passing, has tricity that it is going to use. Then it is able to tell approxi sometimes found it necessary, on account of the great demand · mately about what it must charge -per kilowatt-hour to its and the growth of the system, to buy power themselves from customers. Since, however, that is but a:n estimate, it may find private corporations. As a matter of fact, usually the private at the end of the year ijlat the estimate has been too high and corporations go out of business when they came in competition that it has some money left; or that the estimate has been too with the -public system by selling their plants to the General low and there is a deficit. So it issues the thirteenth bill. If Hydro-Electric Co., the wholesale establishment to which I its estimate has been too low a:nd the rates charged have been have referred. The action is entirely voluntary, but the hydro so low that they have 110t sustained the estimate, then a thir electric commission can develop power anywhere in that Prov teenth bill is rendered, calling for the payment of an addi- ince on any stream. They have between a dozen and twenty J;ional amount by the customer. If, on the other ha-nd, the different projects now in operation, and there are a great lestimate has been higher than necessary and there is a sur many .more which they will ha:ve to develop, because they are plus left over and above the expenses, then the thirteenth bill not able now to supply the demand that is coming to them for is not an additional charge, but is a refund or rebate of that power. customer's proportionate share of the -surplus based ~ the Mr. HARRISON. If the Senator will permit this observa amount of electricity that he has ·used durmg the year. tion, I recall in a study of the disposition of the power at In the same way the general wholesale commission issues it<; Niagara Falls some years ago under the treaty between this bills to the mtmicipallty. If it is shown that the estimate has Government and Great Britain we were to take 20,000 cubic been too low the various municipalities in i;he thirteenth bill are feet, I think, on the American side and Canada was to have ~alled on to pay their proportionate share, but if the estimate 36,000 cubic feet per second. There was no market for the has been too high and there is a surplus the thirteenth bill is a power that was developed on the Canadian side, and under the refund to the municipalities of their proportionate share of the treaty we were able, therefore, to obtain, I think, 250,000 surplus. The business is wound up every year in . that way. horsepower from Oanada to supply the industries on this side. If a municipality has fixed its rates too low it will nave to That was some 10 years ago, as I recall, and I imagine that increase them a little the next year in order to recoup what it since that time industries have grown on the Canadian side has lost the Jlreceding year. and that the power which we used to purchase from Canada is Expel.'ience has shown that these estimates have been very now being sold to industries in Canada. accurate, never, of course, coming out to a cent, but in a very 11Ir. NORRIS. I can not answer that question; I do not large majority of the cases the thirteenth bill brings a check know whether that power is all utilized there or not, but I do instead of a notice that an additiona] amount must be paid. know that the re-port of the commissio-n -shows that after the As I proceed, 1 shall cite one year at least showing in how first few years of operation, when it had been demonstrated mHny cases there have been additiona1 charges and in how that they were going to make a great success of the system, many there h.ave been surpluses. various principalities came into the system and went into Now, by way of illustration, let me refer to the bill of a the partnership, and there has been such a demand for power customer, for insta-nce, in the city of Toronto. The customer that one of the difficulties the commission has had to contend get-s a bill at the end of a month, as customers do here, for with has been to get power to supply the demand. the electricity that he has consumed in his home, let us say, Mr. President, this system in Ontario has operated under for a certain month. What items does that bill contain? some handicaps. Before it was inaugurated the same system What elements go to make up that bill? First is the expense was in operation that we have, and very powerful interests, of operation in the municipality of Toronto-the cost of main of course, have been combating them and are combating them tenance, salaries, and so forth; then the cost of the electricity yet, and everything is being done to discourage them. How which the municipality has bought from the wholesale establish ever, it is now conceded, I think, even by those who bitterly ments with which they have gone into partnership, an amount opposed it at the beginning and opj)osed it for some time after for a depreciation fund, an amount for interest on the bonds wards, that the public system has developed into a great suc which the munic-ipality has issued, and another item is the pro cess. portionate share of the customer toward a sinking fund that I have on my desk the report of the commission for the year in wilJ accumulate enough money to pay off the bonds 30 years. ending October 31, 1923. It seems they end their fiscal year Mr. HARRISON. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator a in October, and, so far as I know, the report for 1924 has not que ~tion before he proceeds? I merely wish to ask a question for information, because I am not advised on the particular yet come out. point. Perhaps I ought to give just a little review of some of the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. WILLIS in the chair). financial operations. D oes the Senator from Nebraska yield to the Senator from Capital expenditures in this entire system prior to June 1, 1\IiRsisstppi? 1921, were $517,911.77. All that money, capital expenditures, Mr. NORRIS. Let me first finish describing the bill which comes from the sale of bonds. is rendered the customer. I have given the terms that are con Capital expenditures since June 1, 1921, and up to October tained in the customer's bill in the case of a resident of 31, 1923, $1,607,113.35. Toronto, all going to make up the expense that Toronto must Making a total of $2,125,024.12. pay. I have not as yet said anything about its share of the The total investment of the commission has been $178.960,- expenses of the wholesale establishment. So there is included 696.56. That is just for the wholesale part of it. The total in the bill also the proportionate share of the customer of the investment of the various municipalities that constitute the interest that the wholesale establishment, the General Hydro system has been $62,892,504:.90, making a total investment of electric Co., must pay on its bondR, his share of the expense of $241853 201.46; and during the year for which this report was maintaining that wholesale establishment, including salaries, ma~ there was collected by the municipalities a total revenue cost of the development of power, and so forth.; also an item of $17,219,04:4.46. - 870 CONGR.ESSIONAL R.EOORD-SENATE DECEJ\IBER 20 Tllat is made up of tile following items: Of 224 municipalities there \\"ere a total of 21 which failed Cost of power-tllat i~, what they would pay to the whole- theoretically to provide depreciation in addition to all operat~ sale esta blisllment-$8,G99,026.67. ing and maintenance expenses, but their relative importance Operation maintenance, and adminish·ation, $3,901,739.92. is clearly disclo ed by an examination of tlle reports. These Debentur~ cllarges and intere.· t, $2,607,741.71. 21 municipalities indicate a total theoretical loss of $ 4,400.49. Depreciation account, ,'916,7 2.75. During the same year the remaining 203 municipalities piled Making a total of $16,125,291.10, and leanng a surplus for up a surplus of $1,178,153.85, leav-ing a net surplus for aU tile year of 1,093,753.36. the municipalities of $1,093,753.36. These 21 municipalities in This is all itemized in the re11ort by the \arious systems ; but the next year would have to raise sufficient money to pay probably I would not be ju~tified in taking the time of the what they were behind on this year. The other municipalitie", Senate to go into tllat mucil detail. instead of increasing their rates, would lower their rates, be· This amount paid by tile municipalitie · does not mean that it cause many of them found they had surplu es that were too con titutes the income of the wholesale e tablisbment, becau e great, and the idea was to furnish this electric energy at cost they can sell to private industries and corporations; and this or to come as near making it at cost as possible. 1·eport ~hows that the commission for this year has collected Here is a list of 30 of these municipalities. Remember that from all . ources $15,742, 31.91, which was appropriated to m~et all the bond. i. sued, not only for the wholesale establishments the expenses of administration and operation and to set a. I.de but for tile mtmicipal establi:shments, run for 30 years; and it adequate sums in respect to sinking fund, renewals, an.d contin is tlle tlleory of the system that they must set aside from their gencies, leaving a net balance of $345,588.41 collected rn excess income enough money not only to pay the interest but to accu of requirement::;. mulate a fund that in 30 years will wipe it all off tbe books. Now just note what they do with that. When they got They will be completely out of debt and tllereafter will not through they found that they had, in round n~bers, $346,000 have to pay any interest and will ha\e no debt to pay, but will left. After they bad paid the expense of operation, afte1: t~ey have their property clear and ha\e nothing to pay but abso had ~et aside the nece ~ary requirement· for a depreciation lute cost and maintenance and upkeep; and the depreciation fund after they bad paid the interest on the bonds, and after fund, and so forth, can be omitted. ~ they 'Ilatl set aside sufficient money to accumulate a fund that There are, or were last October, 30 municipalities tbat had. would in 30 years pay off the bonds, they had left O\er $345,000 ; enough quick assets on hand, practica1ly cash, to pay off the en and what did they do with it? tire bonded indebtedness of each one of tho e municipalities :\Jr. SMOOT. What was their capital? and wipe it out. These municipalities, when they were setting Mr. NORRIS. They ba\e not any capital. aside this fund, of course would invest it in various kinds of :Mr. SMOOT. I mean, capital investment. bonds so that it would draw intere t; and those bonds, those Mr. NORRIS. I will gi\e that when I get through. I have investments, together with the casb on hand, are more than not it right now. • . . . . the entire indebtedness. Compare tllat with a private plant. This surplus was at once returned to the municil)alibes. In Compare that with any private corporation of this kind. In· other words, the commi:ssion Ilad made an e. timate of what stead of paying off their debts and canceling their bonds they it was going to co t to r~m this gigantic thing fo~· the .year. continue to i:ssue more and never pay off any of them. The anu when they got through they found that their estrmate consumer pays the bill. He has tbe ·e same items in hi · bill was a .little over $345,000 too large, and they had that much all tbe time; but, like Tennyson's brook, it goes on forever. left. Tbey turned it right back to the people who had paid At the end of 30 years he is no nearer the goal of being out it to them. They, in tum, would put that into their incomes of deht than he was at the beginning ; and tbat necessarily in the municipalities, and if they found they bad a surplus implie~ , theoretically at least, that something is added to the they returned it to tbeir customers with the thirteenth bill bill tllat every cu. tomer must pay, uecau e he i " not only pay that I bave been talking about. ing the expense of operation but he is paying off the debt by Mr. WALSH of Montana. l\fr. President-- his bill. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Ne I do not intend to read all of these. They are all in tile llraska yield to the Senator from Montana? report, and Senators can have access to them if .they want :\Ir. NORRfS. I yield. to; but I will call attention to a few of them which I have Mr. \V.ALSII of l\fontaua. Will the Senator tell us how much picked at random. of the cavital investment wa;~ repre ented by bond·? One of these towns is named Collingwood. It has total ::\-Ir. NORRIS. l )ractically all. I expense for a distributing system, for its operation and tts· shows you what this means in the way of helping manufactur maint~nance, and pay its share of the operation, maintenance, ing establishments, not big ones, but a lot of little ones. As I and cost of the wholesale system, proportioned on the amount said once before on the floor of the Senate, the cheapening o:C of ene1·gy it uses. - electric energy and its distribution through the country mean.'3 I know it would interest my colleague [lli. HowELL], who is the decentralizing of manufacturing concerns from large places a student of things of thi, kind, to know that this deprecia to a great number of smaller ones in the vicinity of the raw tion reserv-e now stands at 22.1 per cent of the total cost of the product, because they can carry the current at a lower cost plant. In other words, this fund they have been setting aside than they have to pay in the way of freight on the raw prod for years is now over 22 per cent, and it has not been in full uct to the congested centers. operation for the last five or six years but a comparatively I would like to go through the list because it is exceedingly small number of years, while the depreciation reserve and sur interesting, but there are three or four hundred of them and plus, taking those two together, combined, have already reached I must pass on. I have picked out some of the worst, because approximately 43.4 per cent of the total plant cost. So I do I want the Senate to get those which have been most success not see how anybody can say they are not operating on an ful. They have all been successful. So far as I know there absolutely safe business basis. In fact, some of the munici has not been a failure, but I want to give those where the rates palities which started out on the theory that they were going ha--ve not been lowered much. to pay off their debts in 30 years have paid them off in less Here is the town of Ayr. They went into this in 1915. than 20 years ; and when a thing like that happens, everybody They have not been in so very long yet. They were paying can see what will happen to the rate. One of the greatest items 12.5 cents per kilowatt hour when they went in. This is of cost is the cost of the plant itself, to pay off the bonds that domestic consumption. They cut it down to 5.5 the first thing. were issued by which they got the money to buy or to build They were one of the-_ cities that ran behind in the year 1915. the plant, and they will have nothlng left to pay when that They made the rate too low for the number of customers they is paid off but the cost of maintenance and the expense of management and handling; so that the great benefit that has had and had to raise the rate the next year. They made that been coming, as I shall show, in the- reduction of rates has not mistake. Somebody who is opposed to Government ownership yet reached its peak. The greatest reduction is yet in store, will say, "Look at this town. It went down so low that it and the current will be so cheap that the very prospect of its had to go right back," but still is a matter of 4 cents per kilo cheapness almost dazzles the human imagination. watt lower than what they paid before they went in, so they }fr. P1·esident, the question naturally arises, having estab made it 8.8 cents, but the very next year they cut it down to U-.hed this system, what has been the result to the man who 7.9 and the neA-t year put it back to 8, still 4 cents lower, and l1as to pay the electric-light bill for his home? I have here a then kept on lowering it until in 1923 they had it down to list of all the municipalities within this system, showing what 4.9 cents per kilowatt hour. The merchant had to pay 5.1 bas happened in each municipality in the way ot- rates. It cents per kilowatt hour in 1923, and before the town went into would take several hours if I should read them all. I have the system he paid 12.5 cents per kilowatt hour. given in toto the fund that has beell set aside, and I think the Here is another town by the name of Brampton, which went danger of loss there bas been oblite1·ated, and I can give it in in in 1912. They were paying 9 cents per kilowatt hour for each individual case by looking it up in this report. electric energy when they went in. They cut the rate down to I want to call attention to some of these cities and some vil 4.9 cents under the public-owned system and kept on reduci.ng lages, because this system helps not only the cities, but it goes it. That was in 1914 when the war commenced. They cut it into the small towns, and before I conclude I shall show some right down in the face of the war, and the next year during the thing about what it does for the rural population, the farmers war they cut it again to 4.3, and the next year, still during the of the country. They were not in it originally. It covered war, they cut it down to 4 cents and then· to 3 cents, then to just the- municipalities; but as the wonderful facts were de 2.9 cents, then to 2.7 cents, and the next year to 2.3 cents, the y-eloped about cheap electricity the balance of the population be next year to 2.2 cents, and the next year to 1.9 cents, and in gan to clamor for electricity and for the benefit of these- cheap 1923 to 1.8 cents. The average consumption of the ordinary rates, and although none of them paid anything in the way of home was increased from 18 kilowatts per month average in taxation fol' it, as a matter of fact, they wanted the system ex the homes of that town to 73 kilowatts per month. The busi tended, and it is really in its infancy yet. ness men had the same experience. They had to pay 9 cents Let us take the town of Acton. · There were electric lights a kilowatt hour previously. They cut it to 4 cents, then 3.5, there before this system was adopted, supplied by private com and so on down until they got down in 1923 to 2.1 cents. They panies. In the homes, the domestic part of the business, the had 12 manufacturirig establishments when they went into this consumer paid 10 cents a kilowatt hour. Just bear that in thing and in 1923 they had 52, and they had reduced the power mind. 'l'bey went into this, and in 1914 the rate was cut down consumption to $17~88 per ho1·sepower per year. Everybody to 6.9 cents. They kept on cutting it down. The Wftl' came on, knows that is a wonderfully cheap power. and the rate was still going down during the war. They were In Brantford they paid 8 cents when they went in and they in the war longer than we were-went in at the beginning and are now paying 1.5 cents, reducing it all the time during the were in clear through-and th-e same tendency to increa,se prices war. The merchants in the town paid 8 cents and are now pay and to l)rofiteer went on there the same as everywhere else. ing 1.3 cents. The manufacturer is paying $21.35 per horse Legitimately things went up, but the electric rates of this power pe1· year. concern went down all the time, until in 1923 they were down Brockville went in in 1916 when they were paying 9 cents. to 2.8 .cents a kilowatt hour for the homes of that city. It is They fixed the rate the same under their publicly-owned a small place, and when they had to pay 10 cents per kilowatt system and then increased it the next year one-half cent and hour they had only 82 consumers; but when electricity became increased it one-tenth of a cent the next year. Then they cheaper everybody commenced to put it in, and the number kept dropped, and again increased it in 1921 and in 1922. on increasing as the rates went down, until in 1.923 they had In 1923 they we1·e paying 6.8 cents. That is not much of a 383 consumers. That refe-rs to the homes, not stores. I will showing. I want to show them all. We can ·look up Brock give those later. When they started in the average consump ville and find out why. There are some reasons in every tion in the homes in that town monthly was 15 kilowatt hours. case, sometimes mismanagement, I have no doubt, although In 1923, because the current was so cheap, the average con I have not had time since the bill has been pending here, with sumption in the homes in that town was 44 kilowatt hours~ the other duties I have had, to trace it out. It will be like a Tbe average bill monthly was $1.26. private business. If it is not properly managed, it will fail. Let us see what the merchant had to pay. Before this com There is Cannington. They went in in 1915 paying 12.::> mi._sion started business the- merchants had to pay 10 cents a cents. They are now paying 5.9 cents. The merchant paid kilowatt hour. That was cut down to 772 cents immediately, 12.5 cents and is now paying 8.4 cents. The manufacturer ls and they kept on cutting it down until in 1923 they had it now paying $15.73 per horsepower per year, and they ha--:e reduced to 3.1 cents a kilowatt hour. The average bill of the just doubled the number of their manufacturing concerns in merchant, the storekeeper, and tile business man was $2.79 a the town in that length of time. month. In ev-ery one of these villages there are three groups Here is the town of Clinton. In the beginning there th<'Y of power-the domestic, which means the home; the commer paid 10 cents and are now paying 3.3 cents. The merchant cia 1, which means the store; and the manufacturing concern paid 10 cents and is now paying 5 cents. which buy the power by the horRepower. They were selling Collingweod went in in 1913. They were paying 11 cents power to manufacturers in 1023 for $27.74 a horsepower per and now pay 2.4 cents. The merchant paid 11 <'!ents and i.~ yt>ar. That was the average. They had 18 customers in that now paying 3 cents. list. Uuder private control, at 10 cents a kilowatt hour, they Here is another one thnt i not AO ~ood. I llav<' not been able bad ouly three customer~ in the manufacturing business. That to examine even all of the ·e, because there are se\eral 872 CONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-SENATE DECE~ffiER 20 hundred of them, but wherever I find one that did not work begin w_ith-Niaga_ra Falls, in Canada. According to the re· l'ight I am bringing it to the attention of the Senate, and if I po~t ':hich I hold rn my hand, they were paying only 31h cents have omitted any suc11· it is because of lack of time. pe1 kilowatt hour when they went into this systep:1. '.l'bat is Here i "• Da ·hwood. They do not give the rate in this report ~ very cheap r~te, as everybody must concede; but they cut before they went in, but say that it was a fiat rate and I do It down every smg-le year. They started in with a rate of 2.6 not know what the fiat rate was. They started in 191 . They cents, aml they brought it do'\Til in 1923 to 1.3 cents a wilowatt probably built their plant during the high peak of war prices hour. The merchants only pay 1.2 cents per kilowatt hour, awl and they .·tarted their customers at 11.5 cents. They have been the manufacturers there, on an aYerage, pay $18.04 per year reducing it ever since and have cut it down to 9.2 cents in 1923. per horsepower. They . make the merchant pay 12 cents there now for lighting I have omitted citing a great many of the e cases becam~e I {.be store·. do n_ot wish to weary the Senate by taking up too much time. In Drayton they started in with 12.9 cents. I do not know I think, however, I should refer to the town of Petrolia. In 'What they paid before except that it was a fiat rate. The rate 1917 the peop~e there went into this system. Previously they is not giwn. They reduced it all the time until 1!:>23, and then hatl been payrng 14 cents per kilowatt hour, but on entering increased it, and in that year paid 11.1 cents. If we made the system the rate was cut to 6.1 cents· it was more than cut inquh·y about that town, we would fip. Mr. NORRIS. I yield to the Senator from Louisiana. the year following they cut it to 4% cents; the next year to ~Ir. RAKSDELL. I am extremely interested in what the 4.2 cents ; the next year to 3.9 cents ; the next year to 3.2 Senator from Nebra ka is saying. He has made quite a re cents.; the n~xt year to 3 cents; the next year to 2.6 cents; markable showing, I thii1k, touching the decrease in the cost and m 1923 It was 2.6 cents. The average home used to con of electricity in the ProT"ince of Ontario since the production sume in one month 18 kilowatt hours, but the consumption has of elech·icity became a public utility as compared with the grown until in 1922 the average home consumed 94 kilowatt prices charged by pri\ate utilities. I think he has demon hours. The merchant of Windsor has to pay a little less for strated beyond any peraclventm·e that it co ts considerably less commercial lighting; he only pays 2.3 cents, whereas before now to the actual consumer than it previously did. I am the sy tern went into operation he had to pay 8 cents. nnxious to-- know, especially in the light of the Senator's very I will refer now to the town of Woodstock. The con recent remark that it is costing us a great deal more in this sumers there used to pay 8 cents before the city went into country, including the Senator among other consumer~, wheth~r the public system, but after they joined that s:vstem the fir t he has any actual figures to show the cost to the consumer m thing done was to cut the rate to 6J1~ cents, and they. have towns of the United States comparable to the Canadian towns kept on reducing it, even through the war, until now. they are which he has ju ·t cited, which are securing electricity under paying 1.6 cents per kilowatt hour. The merchants there pay the private system. 1.9 cents for commercial lighting, and the manufacturer is Mr. NORRIS. Oh, yec::. charged $20.31 on an average per hore~power per year for 1\lr. RANSDELL. The Senator will bring that out later, manufacturing purpo. es. will he? I should like to say to Senators that I haT'e not tried to give 1\lr. NORRIS. Yes; I will bring some of the facts out. I figure as to all of the towns li ·ted merely bee a nse of the lack l.!ave been talking with the Senator from ~innesota [Mr. SniP of time. I have nothing to conceal, and I should be glad to STEAD], who al o has some information on that subject which he have any Senator take the tabulated list which I have and is going to bring out, and my colleague [-:\Ir. HowELL], who I examine it. Perhaps there may be some rates that are higher am sorry is not present at the moment, had on his desk a book than any I have given. although I pointed out, I think, that to which any Senator can turn in a moment and get the rate under the system the highest I have been able to · find in the in any city in the United States as to which he '"ishes to learn hurried examination I have made was 11 cents. I wanted to the figures. }'or instance, be can a. certain the facts as to the ~ve the worst a well as the be. t examvle. . I will be glad to city of Buffalo, which is right acro:- Nearly half the cost, with three times the service. Fur~her Prior to 1910 farmers did not consider f:eriously the question or on in his testimony Mr. King called attention to another t?mg. electrical power. They bad plenty of help. Their wives and children Referring to "Lighting the International Bridge," he sa1d: did not demand the higher living conditions that prevail at the present time; the service was practically impossible to get, and the As I started out to cee the great Chippewa Canal and went around cost prohibitive. the famous Falls I paRsed the International Railway Bridge over the Xiagara River. The co, t of lighting this bridge is another interesting But the conditions changed * * • until the farmers found stuuy in efficiency. The west or Canadian side is lighted by the hydro themselves with a scarcity of farm labor and are now looking about people- for labor-saving devices. The women have been granted the francl1isf>, and they now demand better li>ing conditions. That is, this pulJlic-senice corporation- Then ~lr. King continue(.}: the ('ast or American half by a New York company. The ~arne num ber of lightR, the same bridge, the same river, the ·same method of The courage and vision with which the hydro people cover('d thts production. new potential market has been roughly stated. But no statistics or cold reports can possibly tell the human side of the story-the hu,man All alike, tbc power coming from the stream under the bridge, nature element, so to say. To get that you must v1sit the farm born~ all from the ~ame source, one plant privately operated and one of Ontario, as I did last summer, and talk with the women as well pnblidy owned and operated. Listen to what he says about it: as the men. Even then you need a good imagination to visualize aml Average monthly cost for 1021 on the Canadian side, $8.43. get the significance of what is happening. You must listen to a busy farm wife with a bouse, a husband, a hired man, and three children Xow for these people who go into hysterics whenever we say to care for, who has no hired girl, and a mortgage on the farm. It anytbi~g about the GoYernment owning a municipal utility of she is not robust or in good health, interest deepens. Remember that any kind, let us see what the blessed private corporations thousands of Ontario farm wives now cook on an electric range. charged on this bridge for the same light, generated from the It is a godsend to them. Xo coal or wood to carry in, no ashes to same power. The Canadian publicly owned concern charged carry out, no fires to build; yet the current is so cheap that they can $8.43. The American private corporation charged on the Amer afford to do it, anti in some places even save money. It is cool in ican side of that bridge :'43.10 per month on the average. the summer time. :\Ir. King take-s the l.lill of a firm in Canacla and says: Let Mrs. Hoffman near Waterloo tell you bow an electrically lighted I have the bill of Appleton & Co., dry-goods men, in the little city farmhouse briubtens life and helps to keep the boys and girls at of Galt- home on the farm. Also the electric pump fills the big tank at the top of the house, and there is no bard long pumping, especially on That is one of the citie~ about which I read the prices- llonday. That "wash day" has lost its terrors. Start the machin~ out near the center of the ProYince. In the month of July last they before breakfa ·t and the clothes are on the line before 10 o'clock. nsed 412 kilowatt hours, and it cost them $7.82. When I reached Cali "Ironing day" with electric irons also is a snap compared with tho fornia, which Secretary Jioovt>r praises as having the cheapest power old method. Farm women and girls enjoy the bathrooms, I also nnywhere, I set experts to work and found that in a town of similar found. Also there is less work when hydro saves the presence of an size, San Jose, Mr. Appleton would have paid $211.44 for this ervice. In extra hired man or two on the farm. Alhambra it would have cost $28; in Washington, D. C., $27.33; and The short af it is that with cheap electric rates the farm women of still more in New York and ~ew England. Ontario are beginning to have a real chance at the "fuller life" 'l.'be town of Galt-population 13,000-has seyeral small factories lecturers and magazine writers have pictured to them. But I must which ._ave money. The city fathers save money on the city· bills for leave to the profe sor of social science the further development of ligllting, etc. In fact, I bad it figured up by an expert, and it appears this theme. Yet here again the Canadians have bested us. that all of the con ·umers in Galt have saved in the last seven years President Theodore Roosevelt in the letter appointing his some :j:3,089,962 by reason of the courage and vision of the hydro famous commission on country life in 1910 said : people. But it was nettling to a patriotic American when they sym l"l:tth.ized with me over what I bad to pay in Washington. It is e.<:;pecially import.·mt that whatever will serve to prepare country children for life on the farm, and whatever will brighten The coRt of lighting the Labor 'l'emple in Toronto from Feb home life in the country and make it richer and more attractive for ruary to June, 1911, before the city 'vent into this system, for the mothers, wives, and daughters of farmers should be done promptly those five months w-as $467.01 under private operation. For the and thoroughly and gladly. There is no more important person, period from February to .June, 1022, after they had gone into measured in influence upon the history of the Nation, than the farm thiR ~ysteru, for the same five months in the year, the lighting er's wife, no more important home than the country home, and it of the Labor Temple cost $170.04, less than half of what it cost is of national importance to do the best. we can for both. before. ::\Ir. King :;::aid : Those are the words of Roosevelt. They are as true now aR when he spoke them. The vision be had was longer than is Tax-es are lowered because municipal lighting and power costs ours. He saw it before we could se~ it. But the statements less under the new .-ystem, tiut JH'ivate corporations pay taxes; does be made are yet literally true. hydro pay taxes? The commission pays the Province for the use of ~Ir. King further said : the \\;lters. 'l.'be local commissions pay no taxes. How much then do the cities lose? I had that figured out. If in 1921 hydro in Toronto Later his commission reported a bad outlook for .American farm J!Uitl taxes like a pri>atc utility, it would have added 43.7 cents to wiYes, that "agencies" were needed to relieve tbe women of many HlP ,reluly expense of each '. 876 CONGRESS!ON AL RECORD-SENATE DECEl\IBER 20 anywhere else in the world, unless they are getting awfully Cost of power, cheap electricity and have all the electric appliances that are · Average rate per kilowatt hour in 1920 known to the science. But she had them all. She had an 1920 electric fan in her kitchen. She had an electric stove upon Municipality which she did all of her cooking. She had in the house an Tomuni- To cus- electric hot-water heater that heated all of the water for all cipallt y tomer Do- Com- per horse- per horse- mastic mercial Old rate purposes. She had an electric washer, an electric ironing ma power power chine, an electric toaster, and 50 electric lamps over the house of 50-watt capacity. I have a list of the things, I think, in the hearings. I do not know whether I have mentioned them all Toronto ______Cents Cents $17.00 $19.50 2.2 2. 2 Domestic, S cents plus or not. In addition to what I have mentioned she had an 25 cems; com mercial, electric vacuum cleaner. She consumed with all these ap Hamilton ______12 cents plus 25 cents. pliances 334 kilowatt hours of electl'icity. 16.00 12.70 2.3 1. 3 Domestic, 8 cents plus 25 cents; commercial, J"Qdson King lived in the city of Washington. His wife is 8 cents. London_------19.00 a doctor. She used in her professional business a very large St. Thomas ____ 12.00 2.2 1.8 9 cents plus 25 cents. Guelph ______24.00 18.00 2.6 2. 2 11 cents. amount of electricity. Her office is connected with their 19.00 16.00 2. 6 2.2 Domestic, 8 cents plus 25 apartment in the apartment house where they live. The great cents; commercial, 8 bulk of the electricity is used in the tteatments she gives to cents plus 15 con t,s. St. Marys.----- 28.00 32:50 3.1 3. 0 9 cents plus 15 cen ts. her patients. It just so happened, but a wonderful coinci Waterloo .. _____ 20.00 20.00 2.3 2.3 12 cents plus 25 cents. dence, that not for the same month but for another month, Hespeler _------21. 00 25.50 4.1 3. 5 10 cents plus 15 cen ts. the bill of Mrs. King for the apartment and for the office, Windsor_----·- 36.00 35.00 3. 2 3. 2 Commercial, 8 cents; Sarllla______domestic 12 cents. which was all under one meter, showed that she had used 334 36.00 85.00 4. 3 5.0 Domestic, 6 cents; com- kilowatt hours during the month. It happens that it is exactly Stratford ______mercia!, 5.4 cents. the same as Mrs. Cullom had used in her eight-room house 25.00 28.00 2.1 2.4 Domestic, 12 cents plus 25 cents; commercia], up in Canada. Now, it is interesting to h"DOW how much it Woodstock _____ 12 cents plus 25 cents. cost Mrs. Cullom and bow much it cost Doctor King. Mrs. 20. 00 18.00 2. 4 2.1 8 cents plus 20 cents. Preston_------19.00 20. 00 2.8 2.7 9 cents plus 20 cents Cullom paid, accorilln:g to the bill here, $3.35. -Doctor King, New Hamburg_ Ingersoll ______32.00 31.00 4.1 4.3 IO cents. in the city of Washington, our glo'rious Capital, where we are 21.00 20.00 3.5 2.4 8 cents plus 25 cents. looking after the poor and downtrodden with such fe-verish anxiety, paid to the privately owned corporation that supplies Mr. SHIPST:EAD. The Senator from Louisiana (Mr. RANS Uftl here, and very graciously permits us to live, $23.18 for· the DELL] asked for some comparison of rates in Canada and in the exact number of kilowatt hours for one month. Three dollars United States and the Senator from Nebraska gave him an and thirty-five cents in Canada and $23.18 in the city of instance of two households that can be called rathe1· small users Washington. I have here a photographic copy of both of the of electricity. I have another comparison, and, while compari bills and will be glad to have anybody examine them who may sons are said to be odious, this is a comparison of the use of wish to do so. · electricity on a comparatively large scale in Canada and the I do not care to get my personal affairs mixed up in this United States. I have here the original bills of two hotels, 'discussion, but it seem:s to me it is very applicable that I live one in the city of Washington, D. C., and the other in the city 1n a house in Washington that contains eight rooms, just the of Niagara Falls, Ontario. The ho-tel in ·washington is called same number of rooms as are in the machinist's home in To the Lafayette Hotel. The hotel in Niagara Falls is also called ronto, Canada. I do not have an electric stove and electric the Lafayette Hotel. I have the original bills and they are heater and all· those electric appliances that he has, because marked "paid." It so happens that the Lafayette Hotel in I can not afford them, not because I am not getting as much Niagara Falls used in the month of June, 1922, 8,000 kilowatt income as the machinist up in Toronto, but because prices are hours of electricity and for that electricity paid $93.42. The so terribly high here that I can not have them in my home. bill that I hold in my hand is the bill paid by the Lafayette Those people have an eight-room house and I have an eight Hotel Co., of Washington, D. C., to the Potomac Electric Power room house. How do our lights compare? I counted mine this Co. for May, 1924. This bill shows that during that month the morning, and 1 have 29 lights in my eight-room house and I Lafayette Hotel Co., of Washington, D. C., used 12,611 kilowatt have a light wherever I think I need one, but it is not always hours of electricity, for which it paid $425.95. If the Lafayette as light as day everywhere. I am economical about it, because Hotel, of Niagara, Ontario, had used 4,700 kilowatts more dur it means money. But how many did Mrs. Cullen up in Canada ing the month of June, 1922, it would have used and had to have in her eight-room house? She had 50, and all of her pay for the same amount of electricity that the Lafayette Hotel, lights, every one of them, is a 50-watt lamp. Not more than of Washington, D. C., used during one month. The Lafayette half of mine are 50-watt; the balance are 40-watt, except two, Hotel of Niagara would then have paid the sum of $99.75. which I think are 60-watt. Now, here we have the comparison of two hotels with the same I call attention to that, Senators, only to show what won name, one in Canada and one in Washington, D. C. For the derful opportunities are at hand for the people of this country same amount of electricity used during one month the hotel and, for that matter, of the world, if this wonderful thing, in Washington, D. C., would pay $425.95 and the hotel in electricity, coming into the daily life of everybody in the coun Canada would pay $99.75. try and in the world, can be cheapened so that all the people, I am not going to go into any detail about the development poor as well as rich, can have the benefit of it. Canada has of water power in Ontario, because the senior Senator from demonstrated that it can be done. Why should not the United Nebraska has gone into it so f-ully this morning. I will as1~ , States do it, :Mr. President? l\Ir. President, to have the photostat copy of the two original l\1r. SHIPSTElAD. 1\lr. President, the Senator from Ne bills to which I have referred printed iu the RECORD. braska has given us a very illuminating address this morning. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, permission H e r ead f rom the report of the Ontario Public Service Com is granted. misRion a long list of statistics showing what the electric light The matter referred to is as follows: and power rates were in the Province of Ontario before the MOTORs-READINGS municipalities, tmder the direction and operation of the Ontario LA.Ji'AYETTE HoTEL Co., P ower Commission, started to develop power and distribute it Sixlu ntn and I Streets . to the consumers in t he Province of Ontano. I have here the To POTOMAC ELEC-TRIC POWER Co., Dr. For electric current: From M arch 28 to April 28, 1924. M aximum demand, figures of 15 municipalities showing the rates paid in 1920. I 31.2 kilowatts. call attE'ntion to the fact that the year 1920 marked the peak of . Fixed charge: • the high cost of living and the high cost of production brought 20. 0 kilowatts, at $3 per kilowatt. .•• ·------~---- $60. 00 on by tbe war. Thi~ list shows what those mtmicipalities paid 11. 2 kilowatts, at $2.60 per kilowatt.------28. 00 for light and powe'l' before the war when purchasing elC'c 3L 2 Total kilowatts ______·------88.00 tricity from private cotporations, and what they have paid when Energy charge: . 250 kilowatt hours, at 6 cents per kilowatt hour------15.00 purchasing electric·ity from a municipality after the advent of 500 kilowat t horns, at 5 c~n ts per kilowatt hour------25. 00 what is called municipally owned hydroelectric power in 1, 000 kilowatt hours, at 4 cents per kilowatt hour·------40. 00 Canada . I ask that, without reading the list, it may be printed 10,861 ki1owatt hours, at 2.375 cents per kilowatt hour _____ ------257. 95 in t he R ECORD. 12,611 Total kilowatt hours energy charge ______: ______337.95 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. WADSWORTH in the chair). Fixed charge ______------___ ------·_ ss. 00 Without objection, it i~ so ordered. Amount------·------__ ------______----: 425. 95. The rna tter referred to is as follows : 1924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 877 H. WILu.nrs To TnE HYDRO-ELECTRIC SYsTEM, Dr. in dm·eloping that wonderful system of municipal light, pow~ r. 120 Welland Avenue, Niagara Falls, Ontario and heating which they have developed during that time. · Installed load, 430.00 watts. I desire to call attention to the rates in Seattle prior to the To electric-light service for May, 1922: advent of a municipally owned light and power system there. _ Present meter reading, 42,000 (first 30 hours' use of installed capacity at 4 cents per kilowatt hour, 1,290) ------$51. 66 I read from the annual report of the superintendent of the city Previous meter reading, 34,000 (next 70 hours at 1.5 cents per kilowatt plant of Seattle, which was issued on December 31, 1923. That hour, 3,010) __ ------45. l5 report states: Consumption in kilowatt hours, 8,000 (remainder at 0.15 cent pe.r kilo- watt hour, 4,700) ______------7. 05 When the city plant wM projected in 1902 consumers were paying Gross bill ______------·------103. SO 20 cents per kil-owatt hour for current. .As soon as the municipal l}lant Less discount 10 per cent ------· -----~- 10.38 was assured a reduction was made to 12 cents. When the eity lighting department began taking contracts residence rates were fixed at 81,.{! Net bill,.------______------93. 42 ~nts for the fust 20 kilowatt h-ours, 7lh cents for the second 20 kilo No discount after June 19, 1922. Three cents per card charged if paid at other than main office, watt hours, 6% cents for the third 20 kilo-watt hours, tmd 4lh cents Read carefully the notice on the back of this card. for all over 60 kilowatt hours. Mr. SHIPSTEAD. Mr. President, I wish to call one thing to This was followed by a reduction in electric power and light the attention of the Senate that I think is interesting at this rates by the Stone & Webster Co., a competing private corpora time ; that is, the fact that behind the development in Canada tion, to 10 cents for the first 20 kilowatt hours, 9 cents for the th-ere is a personality something on the s::une order of the per- second 20 kilowatt hours, 8 cents for the third 20 kilowatt sonn1ity w.hich the senior Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NoRRis] hom·s, and 5 cents"for ail over 60 kilowatt hours. presents to the people of the United States. His name is Sir I wish to direct the attention of the Senate to the 1·ates that Adam Beck. He is now, and h a s been from the beginning, the are now being paid by the citizens of Seattle~ For the first 40 chairman of the provJncial commis ion having charge of the de- kilowatt llours, 5¥2 cents; for the next 200 kilowatt hours, 2 velopment of electrical power. It is interesting to note what cents; anc1 for everything above 240 kilowatt hours, 1 cent per the newspaper of his home town had to say about Sir Adam kilowatt hour. Before the Committee on Agriculture and For~ Beck when first he presented this program to the people of estry Superintendent Ross said that they could reduce the price Canada. I wffi read a quotation from that newspaper which still further if it were not for the fact tllat t.he demand would I find in the record of the hearings of the Committee on Agri- be so tremendo-us that electricity would be taken away from culture and Forestry upon the so-called Muscle Shoals bill the induHtries of Seattle by the people. who would use it for the when that mea ure was before the committee last winter. purpose of heating th-eir homes, and because they _have not The quotation is fi'om the newspaper of Sir Adam Beck's home electricity enough to supply the demand that would ensue they town about 20 years ago. The editor of that newspaper then have up to this time refused to reduce the rates further. They stated: are now working on a project to develop 600,000 horsepower. Has the Hon. Adam Beck beeome a monomaniac on the power ques- It is intere::;ting also to bear in mind the testimony which tion? His wild and extravagant assertions have justified the suspicion, was presented to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry were it not that they are timed and calculated for eleetion purposes. showing that the capital cost per horsepower of the Stone & In a flight of imagination during his speech the other evening he de- Webster Co., the competing company, amounts to $450 per clared that every cottage, every house, every home in this city will be I horsepower, while the capital cost per horsepower of the city lighted by electricity. His power scheme would raise men's wages owned plant amounts to $150 per horsepower. give 2-cent fares on the railroads, and• banish the tenements fro~ A g1·eat deal has been said in the course of discussion in · the Ontal'io. The taxpayers would not pay one cent of the cost which Senate on this question-and I wish to say that, in my opinion. W<)Uld be borne entirely by the consum-ers of power. ' the di cussion bas been absolutely fair and very illuminatio g- llis newspaper organ lets its fancy soar even higher and pictures the about taxes. There is in this repo1·t of the city ..es. If all tile Arabian Nights' rhetoric of Mr. Beck and his organ "is 'Vbat taxes they do pay are based on about one-third -or one-qua rt€r to be believed, Niaga.ra Falls power is a gift of the fairies to the · of what other concerns are assessed. They have one basis for taxation humblest us free as air, so that bye and bye the householder will and one vastly higher for rate-making purposes:. merely have to touch the button and· the Beck schemes will do the These taxes are not borne l)y the utility company. They are borne rest. by the consumer in the rate he pays. The only function of the com That was the jeer with which he was met when he first pany here is to collect the taxes for the tax collector. propo ed his dream to the people of Canada. Subsequent his A utility concern stands in a very unique situation, selling light and power to practically everyone who i-s ben-efited by general taxation. tory proves that his dream bas come true. I am reminded of It U1erefore collect9 its taxes, to be redistributed to almost the same what the senior Senator !rom Nebraska was charged with the people, though in somewhat ditl'erent proportion. A reduction in light other d ~ y. He was charged with being a dreamer. Sir Adam and power rates then becomes largely equivalent to a reduction in Beck ha d a dream for the people of his Province of Ontario; taxes. It is the total cost o.f doing husiness that counts, and $100 paid that drec m has come true, and becau ·e Sir Adam Beck brought in general taxes affects this total no more or no less than if it were that dream to a realization for his people the King of England. pald in excess cost of light and power. knighted him for his services to the people of Ontario. In For instance, in Seattle the gross receil}ts for light and power taken the light of recent history, however, I am inclined to believe in by both company and city total about $7,000,000. The total taxes that if Sir Adam Beck bad been an American citizen and had for municipal purposes are less than this amount. Light and power tried to do the same thing fo1' the people of the United Statesy rates are two to two and one-half times less tban those which prevail instead of being knighted and honored, he would have been where the influence of city competition is not felt. read out of his party and charged with fostering doctrines TMs means that with~ut a city power system Seattle would pay subversiYe of the public interest. $7,000,000 to $10,000,000 more for its light and power every year-a I wish also to. call the attention of Senators very briefly to sum .greater than it municipal taxes. Further, tile city bas made and another project in tbe United States. I am calling attention is making a hanclsome profit, which will give further reduction f.l in to it because no Senator in the debate upon the floor on the rates. This profit to date amounts to $6,119,206.87. pending question has mentioned the city of Seattle, Wash., nor Seattle enjoys a maximum rate of 5.5 cents per kilowatt Jwur. has told the story of what vision and courage the citizens of Across the Cascade Mountains in the same State ef "Washington tbe Seattle have had and what they have done in the last 20 years maximum rate is 16.11 cents per kilowatt hour. A customer in Sea ttle 878 CONGRESSIONAL .RECOR.D-SENATE DECEl\IBER 20 may pay $2 fot• what a man in eastern Washington would pay $6. The poosa River plant, if they can connect that plant with the so $4 excess certainly represents a tax levied by a private concern and ca~led Muscle Shoals plant, can develop an additional 165,000 over which the public bas no control. In its stead the company returns primary horsepower. The Alabama Power Co. owns the Talla~ an in ignificant amount as general taxes. poosa River project. Therefore it is reasonable to as ume that The water powers of the United States are natural and perpetual the Muscle Shoals project will be more valuable to the Ala resources, and this 'fact, together with the lesser costs of management bama Power Co., a subsidiary of the General Electric Co., than In public pJant:s is becoming better understood. Public ownership of to any other company engaged in the business of de'\"elopin"' light and power is on the increase, and as the stone rolling down the and ~elling electric power, because, on ~lCcount of the strategi~ mountain side ends in the irre istible avalanche so this movement will location of these two properties, by connectin"' them to"'ether sweep the country and lift the band of oppression from the business the primary power, which is so very much mo;e valuabl: than man and lift the burden of the housewife. the SE>condary power, can be raised to the enormous amount of The band of King Canute can not hold back the waves of the sea. 165,000 horsepower. I will ask the junior Senator from Ne The exploiters of water power know this well and hope by taxing braska [Mr. HowELL] if I am stating that correctly? public utilities to delay the day and grab the natural resources. The . Mr. HOW:ELL. As I understand, the Senator is stating it American public stands aghast at Teapot Dome oil leases for g1•ounds m accord with the facts. that can soon be exhausted, but sanctions leases for water power that l never can fail and beside which Teapot Dome is child's play. When Mr. SHIPSTEAD. I thank the Senator. I we compare the little taxes the public receives with these vast gifts I belieYe the senior Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NoRRIS] is • the comparison is odious, to say the least. correct when he states that this is the question that shall de " The power to tax is the. power to destroy." So said the Chief termine whether this go'Vernmental property shall be dedicated to the welfare of the American people or whether it shall be 1 Ju tice of the United States; and the power to destroy may defeat tlie power to create. dedicated to a priYate corporation wh'ich shall use it for the There is only one course to pursue wilh a public utility. We have purpose of selling power and electricity to American citizens I faileu to control the taxes of power companies; we will always fall, at prices which at all times, so far as practical effect on the ·~1 for monopoly is government; but we are the taxing body. We ha,·e American people's pocketbook is concerned, have been exorbi our utility; let us gir-e it every chance to raise its head through the tant. . For instance, at the hearings before the Agricultural insiuious company propag~nda, backed by hundreus of millions, and let Committee the statement was made that the averao-e rate in '1t show the real control of rates and bring them down where they the Pnited States wa · about 8lh cents per kilo;att hour. should be. T~en if we want to use the surplus for general purposes, WhereYei' a plant owned and operated by the public has been I or if we wish to tax, we have only to say the word. The question of put in operation it has at all times, so far as my knowledge taxation has therefure no part in the discussion of private versus goes:-and I haYe read the records and the hearings very ex 1 t municipal control. ~enslYely-been followed by a gradual and persistent reduction m rates, to such a remarkable degree that the result is . Mr. SHIPSTEAD. Mr. President, the discussion which has amazing. 1 taken place on the floor of the Senate during the la t few . weeks has been most illnminating. The junior Senator from ~'he senior ·Senator from Nebraska [1\lr. NoRRIS] the other day sa~J that this would make Teapot Dome look like a pin 1 Nebraska [Mr. HowELL] the other day went into great detail in de cribing the production and sale of power by municipally head. I do not know. There is some circumstantial evidence · owned plants in various parts of the United States. The that leads one to believe that there is at least something to senior Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NoRRIS] closed the discus th~ charge. \\'e have had Yariou eras in the deYelopment of Ision yesterday afternoon by an intere ting statement in refer th1s country. We had what was called the pioneer era when ! ence to the ele-ctric-lig·ht, power, and ice plant at Omaha and we burned wood. At tha~ time wood was the chief so~rce of on yesterday morning the senior Senator from California' [Mr. · power . . Then we had the coal era. Coal became the chief JoB .~soN ] ~ave us some very valuable information relating to source of po":er. The present price of coal is the best proof , electric lighting and power that is being produced in connection of who won m the struggle for coal. Then we bad the oil with the reclamation projects throughout the West and sold era, ~ecause oil was the chief source of power. Now we are i by the United States Government. Senator SMITH, of South entermg upon the era of electricity. At all times there has· , Carolina ; Senator McKELLAR, of Tennessee ; and many other been a struggle for the pos ession of these sources of power on Senators have contributed Taluable information to the dis the part o~ ~ho e w~o would use those som·ces of power to sell . cussion. the necessities of life--heat, light, and power-to the Ameri- · There are a few facts that stand out prominently upon read can people for the purpose of exploiting the American people; ing the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of the debates that ha\e taken and. on the other hand, on the part of tho e who would con place upon the subject. One of these outstanding points is serve the timber, the coal, the oil, and water power for the ben~fit of the people of America ; and that struggle is still .1 the a}Jparent lack of relief given by the so-called public utilities ' commissions to the people of the various States from the op going on. pression of the so-called electric light and power trust. For ~lle oil fields of the :r-;ayy finally landed in the hands of a the past 30 years it ha. been a ca1·dinal principle of the Ameri prn:ate corporation. Some one has said that campaign contri can people that monopolies should be controlled and regulated butiOns had something to do with it. I do not 1..-now. In view by the State and National Governments, and we have had 30 of the charge that has bt-~en made that the General Electric Co. :rears of that theory put into practice; but from reading the would in all likeliho~d bE: the lessee of this property, I want RECORD one is inclined to believe that it has been a failure: to call to your attention the fact that the senior Senator from that instead of the State governments and the National Govern: Nebraska [Mr. NoRms] on yesterday morning read a long list ment controlling and regulating the monopolies, the monopolies of electric companies and subsidiary companies in the United haYe been controUing and regulating the goYernments. States, f,l.ll owned by the General Electric Co., the head of the So far as the record shows, the only apparent ray of light so-called Electric Power, Light, and Heating Trust. I want that gives hope to the American people for relief is the public to call to YC!Ur attention the fact that upon the hoard of di ownership of electric light, heat, and power plants; and then rectors of the General Electric Co. are several members of the we come to the question of the disposition of the GoYernment's firm of J. Pierpont Morgan & Co. There are Dwight Morrow :property-the so-called Mu. cle Shoals proposition. and l\Ir. Stettinius, member of the firm of Morgan & Co. On During the debate the other day it was charged that the that board of directors is also George F. Baker jr. of the lessee must of neceRsity be a subsidiary of the General Electric First l\~ational Bank of New York, closely_ a:ffiliateci ~ith the Co. Only time will tell whether the General Electric Co. will Morgan group. On page 183 of the R0osevelt edition of l\Ioody's finally uecome the lessee of this property. It is generally con l\fasters of Capital, we find that the largest stockholders in ceded that the price under the term of the so-called Under the Ji'irst National Bank of New York, outside of George F. wood substitute is so infinitesimally small that it is hardly Baker and son, are the members of the Morgan banking bouse, worth taking into con::;ideration when we remember the amount or the firm of Morgan & Co. George F. Baker, jr.. as I have of money that the Gow~·nment has invested in this property. ~aid, is also a member of the board of directors of the Gen It i patent to anyone that the lessee can only be some corpo eral Electric Co. ration that will use a part of the power for the manufacture Another member of the board of directors of the General of fertilizer, and will either sell the surplus power to the cities Electric Co. is Seward Prosser, president of the Bankers' and rural communities of the United States or use that power Trust Co. of New York, upon who~e board of directors we find in the manufacturing business which the corporation itself the name of Mr. J. Pierpont l\Iorgan, l\Ir. Porter, and l\Ir. will control. Cochran, all member of the firm of J. P. l\Iorgan & Co. I The junior Senator from Nebraska [Mr. HowELL] made a think that is interesting in view of the fact that the General significant statement on December 17 when he disclosed to the Electric Co. is known in financial parlance as .a Morgan con Senate the very interesting fact that the owners of the Talla- cern. 1924 lCONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 879 We found that during the last campaign considerable money [1\!r. UNDERWOOD] had said in his remarks on the floor of the was contributed to the campaign by members of the boaTd of Senate, but I have learned that the Senator from Alabama is directors of the General Electric Co. and members of the firm ill and not able to attend the session of the Senate to-day on ac of l\forgan & Co. I do not say that this contribution was made .count of his illness, Of course, I do not intend in his absence to with any undue motives, but_ I think it is interesting at this take up the points I intended to discuss to-day; so I will say time to see that some uf these men contributed. to the Senator from Kansas that, as far as I am personally E. W. Rice, jr., the cl•ail·man of the board of directors of concerned, I have nothing further to say to-day.- the General Electric Co., contributed $3,000. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE J. R. Lovejoy, vice president and director, $1,000. A message from the House of Representatives, by :Mr. Chaffee, George F. Baker, jr., .$5,000. one of its clerks, announced that the House had passed the C. A. Coffin, a director, $5,000. following joint resolutions of the Senate, each with an amend D. W. Morrow, $5,000. ment, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate : A. W. Burchard, $5,000. S. J. Res. 157. Joint resolutiQn extending appropriation in Seward Prosser, $1,000. connection with Columbia Basin ·investigation; and B. E. Sunny, $1,000. S. J. Res.15-9. Joint re~olution providing for the control and A total of $26,000. eradication of the European fowl pest and similar diseases in Then we have S. Z. Mitchell, a director of the Alabama poultry. Power Co. and the Electric Bond & Share Co., $5,000; Charles Hayden, a director of the Utah Securities Corporation, COLUMBIA BASIN PROJECT $10,000 ; and Harrison Williams, a director of the American l\Ir. JONES of Washington. I ask the Chair to lay before Gas & Electric Co., controlled by the Electric Bond & Share the Senate the amendment of the Honse to Senate Joint Reso Co., $3,000. lution 157. In view of the fact that the Underwood substitute provides The P.RESIDING OFFICER (Mr. WILLis in the chair) laid that if this property is leased to a private corporation 1t shall before the .Senate the amendment of the House to the joint be lensed by tbe President, it .seems to me- resolutien (S. J. Res. 157) extending appropriation in connec Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President-- tion with Columbia Basin investigation, which was, on page 1, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Min line 10, to strike out " investigation is completed " and to in nesota yield to the Senator from Alabama? sert " 15th day of February, 1925." Mr. SHIPSTEAD. I do. Mr . .TONES of Washington. I move that the Senate concur Mr. HEFLIN. I did not hear all of the Senator's statement in the amendment of the. House. about contributions. What were these contributions made to? The motion was a.,<>Teed to. Mr. SHIPSTElAD. They were made to Mr. Hodges, the treas- ERADICATION OF EUROPEAN FOWL DISEASES urer of the Republican National Campaign Committee. Mr. HEFLIN. The Republican Party? The PRESIDING OFFICER laid before the Senate the Mr. SHIPSTEJAD. Yes. amendment of the House of Representatives to the joint I·eso The individual contributions are not very large when you con- , lution (S. J. Res. 159) providing for the control and eradica sider the wealth of the men making the contributions, and I tion of the European fowl pest and similar diseases in poultry, do not charge that they were made for the pur·pot:!e of pur which was to strike out all after the resolving clause and to chasing a special privilege in the leasing of Muscle Shoals. But insert: it may be noted in passing that during the campaign several That oot to exceed $100,000 of· the .appropriation of $3,500,000, con members of the firm of J. P. Morgan & Co. were very promi tained in the second deficiency appropriation act, fiscal year 1924, ap nent in the collection of funds from other people for earrying proved December 5, 1924., for the eradication ot. the toot-and-mouth on the campaign. disease and other .contagioas . or lntectiou~ diseases • of animals, is Mr. Stotesbury, of-Philadelphia, a member of the firm of J.P. .hereby made available to enable the Secretary of Agriculture to pro Morgan & Co., held an important position in the collection of vide meanil to control and m-adlcate the Euro~ fowl pest and funds in Pennsylvania. Guy Emerson, vice president of the similar diseases in poultry: Provided, That the sum herein granted Bailkers' Trust Co., of New York, upon whose board of directors shall remain avajlable for the purposes of this act until June .30, are Mr. J. P. Morgan, Mr. Coclu.'an, and Mr. Porter, members of 1926: Provided further, That no part of this sum shall be ufled for thE> the firm of Morgan & Co. 1\Ir. Emerson collected funds in payment of indemnities for condemned poultry. New York. Mr. Dwight Morrow, of the firm of Morgan & Co., 1\Ir. McNARY. I move that the Senate concur in the House also bad a prominent part in the campaign. His nephew ·amendment. was in Chicago national headquarters a large part of the time, The motion was agreed to. I am informed, and previous to that had been for two years in the law office of Mr. Hodges, national treasurer of the com- SENATOR FROY NEBRASKA. Jnittee. . The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair lays before the In view of these things, it seems to me the friends of the Senate credentials which have just been received, and which President who are supporting this measure are placing the will be read and :filed. President in a rather embarrassing ituation, and I thought The credentials were read and ordered to be filed, .as follows : it my duty to call their attention to this fact. We have been STATE OF NEBRASKA, told that President Harding's friends placed him in a very SECRETARY OF STATE. embarrassing position, and I am sure that the friends of Presi dent Coolidge do not desire t.o place him in the same embarrass I, Charles W. Pool, secretary of state of the State of Nebraska, do ing position. hereby certify that at a general election holden on the 4th day of November, A. D. 1924, in the State of Nebraska, the follo_wing-na-med It has been said upon the floor of the Senate that part of person was elected to serve in the United States Senate from the 4th this power should be dedicated to the manufacture of fertilizer. day of M.arch, 1925, to the 4th day o:t March, 1931, GEORGE W. NORRIS. 'I if want to say that this plant finally comes into the possession In testimony whereof I have hereunto set- my hand and affixed the of the General Electric Co., it will at least look as though great seal of the State of Nebraska. Done at Lincoln, this 15th day this plant was dedicated in part to the money that was raised of December, A. D. 1924. and contributed during the campaign to fertilize the barren [SIML.] CHARLES W. POOL, political fields of the Northwesi We have heard a great deal Sec-retat·y of State. of talk in this debate about dedicating this property. The senior Senator from Nebraska [J\.Ir. NoRRis] desires, and his MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE bill provides, that it shall be dedicated to the welfare of the A message from the House of Representatives, by JI.Ir. Far people of the United States. He is seeking to prevent this rell, one of its clerks, announced that the .Speaker of the House property being used as a great milking machine, with its wires had affixed his signature to the follov.'ing enrolled joint reso spread into all the cities and rural communities connecting with lutions, and they were thereupon signed by the President pro the pockets of the American people, to milk their pockets by tempore: extortionate prices paid for ·the use of these necessities of life- S. J. Res.157. Joint resolution extending appropriation in light, heat, and power. connection with Columbia Basin investigation; and :Mr. CURTIS. 1\Ir. President, I sh')uld like to ask the Sena S. J. Res. 159. Joint resolution providing for the control and tor from Nebraska [Mr. Noruns] if there is anything further eradication of the European fowl pest and similar diseases in this afte1·noon? Otherwise, I desire to have a short executive poultry. gession before adjournment. .ADDRESS BY PRESIDE~T COOLIDGE Mr. NORRIS. 1\Ir. President, I hall intended to say some 1\Ir. McNARY. Mr. President, on the 19th day of November thing to-day about \Yhat the senior Senator from Alabama of the present year President Coolidge delivered a very thought- 880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEl\IBER 20 ful and interesting address before the National Conference on to 285, and in some of the Eastern State to 160 board feet. We are Utilization of Forest Products, and I ask unanimous consent paying a yearly freight bUI of $2:i0,000,000 ·which could better be that it be printed in the RECORD. used for growing timber than for transporting it. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? The 1'here is n'o easy road out of this unprofitable situation. The entl Chair hears none, and the address will be pdnted in the RECORD of free timber is in sight. World ~ompetition for the world ::mpply accordingly. w111 lcaYe no large dependable source of imports open to us. The u ·e The Presidenfs address is as follows: o.f s~bstitutes hardly keeps pace with new uses for wood; there is no ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT COOLIDGE BEFORE 'l'HD N.lTIOXAL COXFEREXCI!l ON likelihood that we can become a woodless Nation even if we wanted to. t::TILIZATION OF FOHEST PRODCCTS, AT WASHINGTOX, IX THE ~ATIONAL When the free timber is gone we must grow our wood. from the soil like any other crop. lllCSEUM AUDITORIU~I, AT 10 A. M., WED~~SDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1924 This conference has been called for the purpose of further attempt- Strange as it may seem, the American people, bred for many gen ing to deal with the problem of our national timber supply. One of erations to forest life, drawing no small measure of their wealth from the chief items in that pr<>blem is the present appalling waste. Some the fore. t, have not ret acquired the sense of timber as a crop. These of this waste may he unavoidable, but to a large extent it is unneces immense stretches of cut-over land, mostly too rough or too Rterile for sary. The time ls at hand when our country is actually confronted tilling, haYe not awakened us to their vast potential worth as growers with a timber shortage. That can be remedied in only two ways: By of wood. Fully one-fourth of our land area ought to be kept in forest diminishing the present waste and increasing the present supply. not poor. dwindling thickets of scrub, but forests of trees fit for It is significant that this conference was called by the late · Secretary bridges and houses and ships. Handled by the best timber-cropping of Agriculture, Henry C. W'allace. It was the. outcome of a broad methods, our present forest lands cou)d be made to grow even more fore t policy which he was engaged in deYeloping, and to which he tilnber each year than we now use. But much of our cut-over land contributed so much ability and energy. It was, he hoped, to lead lying idle or half productive, is now an immeasurable loss. It pay~ to such care in the manufacture and use of our forest products that lit!le or no taxes, it keeps few hands busy, it turns few wheels, it we would greatly lessen the severity of the prolonged timber shortage bmlds no roads. I dle fore t land has scrapped schools.· factorie rail of which we are entering the first stage. If this conference can for roads, and towns ; it has dotted the land with abandoned far~s ; it ward his purposes, there coultl be no more worthy tribute to his de bas created a migratory population. Our forest problem is a land votion to forest conservation. Others may have equaled him, but problem of the first mgnitude. · · American forests have had no better friend than Secretary Wallace. . It is likewise an industrial problem of great importance. These Bu y men and women who drop their personal affairs and lend their great industries that depend on the forest for their raw material counsel to a public conference come with the expectation that they industries that, taken together, rank about third in value of output can accomplish some tangible results. The Government is going to among our chief industrial groups-must be preserved. They employ asl;: you to consider definite plans for reducing timber v;·aste. It is a very large number of wage earners; they represent an immense in going to suggest that out of this conference shall emerge a program Yestment of cnpital; around them nre built whole cities; they feed of Rpecific action for timber saving rather than a mere expression of the railroads with a vast. flow of traffic. In tbe long run, they depend itleas. Containing as it does leaders from every branch of forest in for their existence on making our forest soils grow timber and on dustry and from many interests closely allied with forest industry, using that timber without waste. this conference has, I know, the ability and the will to ~reate such a This brief sketch of the forest problem would be incomplete if it program. It is not roy l)Urpose to discuss these specific measures but tlid not mention the hopeful progress already made toward a better ' to give as a background for your consideration some of the facts that forest policy. Of our total forest area of 470,000,000 acres, about one force us to adopt a drastic program of forest thrift. fifth i in public· ownership. Most of these public forests are safe The era of free, wilcl timber is reaching its end, -as the era of free, guarded from fire ana dedicated to timber growing. Of private forest wild food ended S<> long ago. We can no longer depend on moving lands-in extent much the mo. t important part of our forests-a little from one primeval forest to another, for already the sound of the ax more than half have more or less adequate protection against fire. On has penetrated the last of them. We like to think that it took three the rest fire is free to rayage the young growtq and subject the forest centuries to harvest these immense forests. It is comfortable to be to a steady deterioration ; but the Clarke-hlc~ary law, pa!"sed by the lieve that they will last indefinitely still. But in reality we have cut last session of Congre~s, will, I hope, speedily change ti.Je outlook for most of our timber not in the past 300 but in the past 75 years, to these neglected forests. It authorizes Congress, in cooperation with serve the great expansion of population and industry, and there is no the States, to establish sy terns of protection against fire, and it rea on to expect a decline in the rate of cutting as long as the forests authorize , among other thing cooperation in tree planting and a last. study to develop stable and equitable forest taxation. Very consider '\hat has given us this illusion of permanency? First, our stored able progress has been made under previous legislation in joint fire timber, which could be drawn on with increasing speed and with the protection. appearance of plenty until the last tick of it should be done. Sec Under the Weeks law the Federal Government has purchased ondly, a transportation system that bas permitted our sawmills to 2,000,000 acres of forest land in the Eastern States, as the nucleus of follow tiHi retreating forests and to ship their product to distant buy a national forest system for the East. Congress has wisely provided ers. Our markets have been full of timber. Only in the higher cost, for forest experiment stations in 6 of our 10 or 12 principal forest the long haul, the near exhaustion of certain kinds of wood, and the regions, stations that are destined to become centers of knowledge and sharply falling per capita· consumption have we dimly sen ed the guidance toward better forest practice. Much valuable work has been dwindling of our forests. done by Yarious Government agencies in combating forest insects and W'e do not know the forest situation down to the last acre and diseases, and in research in many phases of better utilization of board foot, but we know it well enough to make us think and act. timber. Of the old forest the first explorers met we have in area only one Among private agencies also· there .has been promising activity. sixth left, and in bulk of timber less than one-third. From over Associations of timber owners in many regions have established fire cutting an~ tire we have left on our hands something like 80,000,000 protection. Here and there private owncrs have embarked on timber acres of denuded fore!'lt land, most of it 1mfit for farming. Then we· growing as a profitable in>e. tment, and the industries tlependent on ha,·e about 250,000,000 acres of secontl-growth foreRt,. much of it our forests are taking a keener interest in working out a forest policy. poor in quality aml amount. Three-fourths of our cut i still from Forestry associations, State forestry departments, and forest schools virgin forests, difficult and distant of access, so that their products are lending invaluable aid to the forestry movement. must pay for long freight hauls to reach the chief markets. These are hopeful signs. Yet we have started too late and are m(}v Expre. 'ed roughly, we ha\·e left about 745,000,000,000 cubic feet ing too slowly to bridge the gap between cut and growth. We must of timber. From this the annual drain is 25,000,000,000 cubic feet. ndjnst ouraelves to an era of reduced per capita. con umption. "'e This total drain is mo ·t significant when we reflect that, toward must husband our supplies. Granted that we shall get into effect a offsetting it, we have an annual timber growth of only 6,000,000,000 big-scale program of timber growing, it would be poor bu iness to go cubic feet ; and even in our ~·oung forests, where this growth is to the expense of growing timber if we should persist in losing a large taking place, cutting has already out tripped growth. We must face part of the crop by unsatisfactory ways of manufacturing and using the situation that at this rate we are not far from timber exhaustion. it. Between cutting the timber in the woods and finally putting the To bridge this fatal gap between cut and growth we have never product to use, nearly two-thirds of the total volume is lost. A third taken sufficient action. In fnct, our wealth of old-growth timber of this .Joss, it is estimated, can under present economic conditions an1l has made us prone to ignore the gap and to leave our less fortunate with tried and tested methods be saved-a yearly saving nearly as descendants to struggle with it. But we can not escape the penalties great as all the timber our forests grow each year. Saving timber, H..,.. of our national neglect. They are all·eady beginning to be felt. is obvious, will not only reduce the amount we must grow, but if Since 18iO lumber prices have risen much more rapidly than the started now on an eff'ecth·e ::ocale it will relieve the timber shortage prices· of other commodities. Per capita annual consumption of and make less drastic the social and economic readju tments this sawed lumber, which in 190G had reached 525 board feet, bas dropped shortage will force upon us. A tree saved is a tree grown. 1924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 881 In the coming struggle for timber, economic survival among the John A. Thompson to be postmaster at Cloverdale, Calif., in forest industries will depend on economic fitness. Economic fitness place of L. B. Wiedersheim, resigned. will ue measured by good management and good technicRl processes. John J. West to be postmaster at Willows, Calif., in place of • These qualities come from research and from training, and the forest I. J. Proulx. Incumbent's commission expired June 4, 1924. industries, to reach o. high level of skill, must make a full use of both Fred M. Eachus to be postmaster at Newman, Calif., in place these tools of modern industrial progress. Hitherto the diversity, the of R. L. Dixon. Incumbent's commission expired June 4, 1924. geographical isolation, and the small average size of our wood-using ·william I\f. Irwin to be postmaster at Fullerton,. Calif., in industries, coupled with abundance of raw material, has kept them place of Merton Blackford. Incumbent's commission expired from advancing as rapidly in improved methods as some of our more June 4, 1924. highly concentrated industries. But timber shortage will force com Isaac J. Willard to be postmaster at Fort Jones, Calif., in petition in 'better methods. Much is ·already known of better methods, place of F. J. l\lathews. Incumbent's commission expired June and the time is already here when this knowledge can be profitably 4, 1924. • employed. Many companies have in fact made notable progress in Allen G. Thurman to 'be postmaster at Colfax, Calif., in place waste reduction and are furnishing examples of what can be done by of A. T. Scanlon. Incumbent's commission expired March 3. careful management and expert planning. It seems possible that the 1924. individual industries, by banding together, can overcome their handi FLORIDA cap.· _of isolation and collectively employ more experts to work out Milton E. Clark to be postmaster at Pensacola, Fla., in place better processes. of W. J. Forbes. Incumbent's commission expired February 20, It is to consider joint effot·ts toward better forest utilization that 1924. this conference bas been summoned. It is a movement in which the GEORr- - State and National Governments, the industries, the universities, the consumers, and the technic.'ll experts should join. The various Gov Forrest C. Berry to be postmas Young Harris, Ga. Office ernment agencies equipped to help will, I know, be eager to do what became presidential October 1, 1!) they can to forward this undertaking. _ So vast . an enterprise as the Edgar S. Hicks to be postmasLe -· at Yatesville, Ga. Office forest-using industties must not be allowed to decline for lack of became presidential October 1, 1923. raw· material. We have abundant soil to produce it. We have the Henry W. Har\ey to be postmaster at Rockingham, Ga. energy and the intelligence to learn to use our forests without Office became presidential October 1, 1923. waste. This conference ou'gbt to lay the foundation of a far-reach Portia C. McAllister to be postmaster at Pitts, Ga. Office ing and effective effort for forest thrift. became presidential October 1, 1923. We bold the resources of our country as a trust. They ought to be Virgil A. Snider to be postmaster at Mitchell, Ga. Office be used for the benefit of the present generation, but they ought neither came presidential January 1, 1924. to be wasted nor destroyed. The generations to come also have a Gordon B. Hulme to be postmaster at Kingston, Ga. Office vested interest in them. They ought to be administered for the became presidential October 1, 1923. benefit of the public. Ko monopoly should be permitted which would Robert J. Walsh to be postmaster at Garfield, Ga. Office be result in profiteering, nor on the other hand should they be indis came presidential October 1, 1923. Cl'iminately bestowed upon those who will unwisely permit them to Jessie H. Beddingfield to be postmaster at Unadilla, Ga., be dissipated. These great natural resources D?-USt be administered in place of R. E. Hudson, remo\ed. for the general welfare of all the people, both for the present and Hugh T. Cline to be postmaster at Milledgeville, Ga., in place for the future. There must be both use an(!. restoration. The chief of Olin Robinson, remoYed. purpose of this conference is to discover policies which will, in the ILLINOIS bands of private individuals and of public officers, tend to the further William W. Harmon to be postmaster at Xenia, Ill., in place ad mncement of this already well-defined and !Jgcurely adopted principle. of E. C. Burkett,· resigned. ENROLLED JOINT RESOLUTIONS PRESENTED Lem Neville to be postmas~er at Catlin, Ill., in place of R. F. . Jones, resigned: Mr. WATSON, from the Committee qn Enrolled Bills, re Paul B. Cousley to be postmaster at Alton, Ill., in place of ported that on to-day that committee presented to the President William Fries, deceased. of the United States the following emolled joint resolutions: Ro!Jert R. McCreight to !Je postmaster at Marissa, Ill., in S. J. Res.157. Joint resolution extending appropriation in place of Louis Wolter. Incumbent's commission expired June 5, connection with Columbia Basin investigation; and 1924. S. J. Rcs.159. Joint resolution providing for the control and Leonard C. Mdlullen to be postmaster- at Hume, Ill., in eradication of the European fowl pest and similar diseases place of J. J. Carr. Incumbent's commission expired 1\lay 28, in poulh·y. 1924. EXECUTIVE SESSION Ed win A. Mead to be postmaster at Hebron, Ill., in place of Mr. CURTIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the con Henry Earle. Incumbent's commission expired August· 29, sideration of executive business. 1923. The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the.· Simon Lark to be postmaster at Fithian, Ill., in place of consideration of executive business. After 10 minutes spent 0. E. Bantz. Incumbent's commission expired March 9, 1924. in executive session ·the doors were reopened and (at 2 o'clock lOW.A and 55 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned, the adjourn Dorothy E. Parden to be postmaster at George, Iowa, in. ment being, under the concurrent resolution of the two Houses, place of Dorothy Parden. Incumbent's commission el..'l>ired until Monday, Dece:q1ber 29, 1924, at 12 o'clock meridian. June 5, 1924. KANSAS NOMINATIONS Glen D. Rose to be postmaster at Eureka, Kans., in- place of G. G. Wood, resigned. Executive nominations received by the Senate December 20, 1924 Clara G. McNulty to be postmaster at Stockton, Kans., in POSTMASTERS place of J. Q. Adams. Incumbent's commission expired June 4, 1924. - CALIFORNIA George H; Leisenring to be postmaster at Ellis, Kans., in James Underwood to be postmaster at Trinidad, Calif. Office place of Alexander Niernberger. Incumbept's commission ex· became presidential October 1, 1923. pired June 4, 1924. Robert C. Ross to.. be postmaster at Cotati, Calif. Office be Henry A. Cory to be postmaster at Alta Vista, Kans., in came presidential April1, 1924. place of G. ,V, Edwards. Incumbent's commission expired Benjamin E. Randolph to be postmaster at We-stmoreland, June 4, 1924. Calif., in place of W. E. Edwards, resigned. KE~TUC.KY Fred W. Urch to be postmaster at Trona, Calif., in place of Sadie Bowe to be postmaster at ~heelwright, Ky. Office B. E. Witt, resigned. became presidential October 1, 1923. Floyd 1\I. Filson to be postmaster at Tennant, Calif., in place Troy W. Frazier to be postmaster at Elsiecoal, Ky. Office of E. M. Gholson, resigned. became presidential January 1, 1924. Anna E. Collier to be postmaster at Seal Beach, -Calif., in James Webb to be postmaster at Allen, Ky. Offi~e became place of B. B. Brown, declined. presidential January 1, 1923. William A. l\Iurphy to be postmaster at Montague, Calif., in Felix G. Fields to be postmaster at Whitesburg, Ky., in place place of R. G. Isaacs, resi?ned. of C. H. Back, removed. ·. LXVI-56 882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE DEOEl\IBER . 20 j MAINE WIBOONBIN George G. Winters to be postmaster at Strong, Me., in place Oscar E. Hoyt to be postmaster at Iron Ridge, Wis. Office of R. M. Bates. Incumbent's commission expired June 5, 1924. became presidential October 1, 1922. Virgil A. Linnell to be postmaster at Rumford, Me., in pla~ Leo Joerg to be postmaster at South Milwaukee, Wis., in · of G. B. McMennamin. Incumbent's commission expired June place of H. A.. Ohm. Incumbent's commission expired August 5, 1924. 29, 1923. Ernest A. Fogg to be postmaster at Livermore Falls, Me., in Eugene D. Recob to be postmaster at Richland Oenter, Wis., place of J. L. Foster. Incumbent's commission expired June 5, In place of F. J . Haas. Incumbent's commission expired August 1924. 29, 1923. . Arthur 0. White to be postmaster at Lisbon Falls, Me., in Walter H. Smith to be postmaster at :Mondovi, Wis., tn place place of G. H. Mcintosh. Incumbent's commission expired of W. H. Smith. Incumbent's commission expired March 22, ~une 5, 1924. 1924. . . Cha"I"les E. Sherman to be postmaster· at Boothbay Harbor, Oharles H. Roser to be postmaster at Gli~den, Wis., 'tn place Me., in place of H. S. Perkins. Incumbent's commission expired of C. H. Roser. Incumbent's commission expired March 22. June 5, 1924. 1924. -... '-;· MICHIGAN Henry El. Steinbring to be postmaster at Fall· C~ek., Wis., In Frank A. Cole to be postmaster at Grass Lake, Mich., in place of H. E. Stelnbring. Incumbent's coinmission expired place of El. J. Marrinane. Incumbent's commission expired June 5, 1924. J tme 4, 1924. Edward J. Gardner to be postmaster at West De Pere, Wis., MONTANA in place of H. B. :f.Joper, removed. . . Mary S. Blair to be postmaster at Almond, -Wis., in place of Ernest M. Hutchinson to be postmaster at Whitefish, Mont., F. El. Poll, resigned. in place of A. B. Horstmann. Incumbent's commission expired , May 10, 1924. NEW YORK CONFIRMATIONS John Sparks to be postmaster at Eldred, N. Y. Office became Executive notnina.tion8 oonfirrned by the 8e1u11te December 2(), presidential January 1, 1923. 192.1,. Lee G. Ayers to be postmaster at Richford, N. Y., in place of H. R. Swift, deceased. PROMOTIONS IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE Anna 1\I. Ball to be postmaster at Berkshire, N. Y., in place To be secretartea of C. A. Partridge, deceased. Robert E. Brown to be postmaster at Almond, N. Y., in place J. Holbrook Chapman. Robert O'D. Hinckley. of H. G. Stillman. Incumbent's commission expired March 3, John N. Hamlin. Paul Mayo. . . 1924. CONSULAR SERVICE omo To be CO'ii.8UZ8 Walter J. Fury to be postmaster at Addyston, Ohio. Office became presidential April 1, 1924. Harry J. Anslinger. Charles I. Graham. OREGON Willard L. Beaulac-. Bernard F. Hale. Leila A. Phelps to be postmaster at Hermiston, Oreg., in Herbert S. Bw·sley. Chru·les H. Heisler. Richard P. Butrick. Leo J. Keena. place of C. H. Skinner. Incumbent's commission expired May Edward Caffery. H. Tobey Mooers. . 6, 1924. Charles L. De Vault. Christian M. Ravndal PENNSYLVANIA Howard Donovan. · '· Francis H. Style1 Adah E. Pettis to be postmaster at Saegerstown, Pa.,. in place Samuel J. Fletcher. Fletcher Warren. of P. L. Petersr deceased. Raymond H. Geist. Ralph B. McCord to be postmaster at North East, Pa., in place of A. S. Knepp. Incumbent's commission expired June 5, To be vlce consuls 1924. . . Paul H. Alling. Benjamin M. Hulley. George L. Goodhart to be postmaster at Dayton, Pa., in George Alexander Armstrong John R. Ives. place of W. L. Marshall. Incumbent's commission expired William H.• Beach. C. Warwick Perkins, jr. June 5, 1924. Ellis A. Bonnet. Joseph P. Ragland. Frank G. Grein to be postmaster at Homestead, Pa., in place Prescott Childs. Edwin Schoenrich. of W. A. Kessler. Incumbent's commission expired August 5, Joseph T. Gilman. W. Maynard Stapleton. 1923. Arthur J. Gravelle. Harry El. Stevens. Walter C. Alcorn to be postmaster at Avonmore, Pa., in place Winthrop S. Greene. Howard C. Taylor. of F. B. Smeltzer. Incumbent's commission expil:ed June 5, George J. Haering. Cyril L. F. Thiel. 1924. Harry C. Hawkins. SOUTH DAKOTA Norman Lockwood to be postmaster at Doland, S. Dak., in FOREIGN SERVICE place of C. H. Ste'\"enson, deceased. To be foreign service of{icers, Olass I Levi J. Thomas to be postmaster at Ipswich, S. Dak., in place Uaxwell Blake. · William H. Robertson. of H. A. Briggs. Incumbent's commission expired May 28, Jefferson Caffery. Thomas Sammons. 1924. Sheldon L. Crosby. H. F. Arthur Schoenfeld. Eal'l F. Vandenburg to be postmaster at Conde, S. Dak., in Charles 0. Eberhardt. Ro-be-1·t P. Skinner. place of G. A. Miller. Incumbent's commission expired June 4, John G. Foster. Frederick A. Sterling. 1924. Alphonse .Gaulin. Nathaniel B. Stewart. ' TENNESSEE Franklin Mott Gunther. Goorge T. Summerlin. Emma R. Kilgore to be postmaster at Cottagegrove, Tenn. Albert Halstead. Horace Lee Washington. Office became presidential April 1, 1924. Carlton Bailey Hmst. Post Wheeler. John G. Holmes to be postmastel· at Trezevant, Tenn., in Julius G. Lay. Sheldon Whitehouse. place of A. H. J ~nes. Incumbent's commission expired April Henry H. Morgan. Hugh R. Wil on. 28, 1924. Gabriel Bie Ravndal. E-rnn E. Young. Henry M. May ta be postmaster at McEwen, Tenn., in place Warren D. Robbins. Alexander M. Thackara. of D. 0. Thompson. Incumbent's commission expired June · 4, 1924. To be foreign service otftcers, C~s II Roe Austin to be postmaster at Dover, Tenn., in place of Homer 1\L Byington. Leo J. Kenna. J. M. Scarborough. Incumbent's commission expired January ·william Coffin. Tracy Lay. 23, 1924. Edwin S. Cunningham. Marlon Letcher. Matthew C. Bratten to be postmaster at Liberty, Tenn., in Charles B. Curtis. Alexander R. Magruder. ·place of W. P. Whaley, resigned. Claude I. Dawson. DeWitt 0. Poole. Stepherr mxson to be postmaster at Dunlap, Tenn., in place William Dawson. Ralph J. Totten. of A. W. Layne, resigned. William H. Gale. Roger Culver Tredwell. Sampson DeRossett to be postmaster at Crossville, Tenn.. in Clarence ID. Gauss. Craig ,V, Wadsworth. place of R. A. Potter. Incumbent's commission expired April Edwin N. Gunsaulus. Alexander W. Weddell. · ~s. 1924. Nelson T. Johnson. 1924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 883 To be foreign ser·vice offi,cers, Olass III Edward L." Reed. Charles D. Westcott. Norman Armour. _Alexander C. Kirk. Leslie E. Reed. Edwin C. Wilson. Ray Atherton. Ezra M. Lawton. Elliott Verne Richardson. Thomas 1\L Wilson. James G. Bailey. Samuel T. Lee. Emil Sauer. Alan F. '\Yinslow. · Thomas D. Bowman. Will L. Lowrie. James B. Stewart. James B. Young. John K. Caldwell. Ferdinand L. l\Iayer. Alfred R. Thompson. Charles 1\I. Freeman. Clarence Carrigan. George S. Messersmith. S. Pinkney Tuck. John N. McCunn. Geo:rge E. Chamberlin. Ransford S. Miller. A vra 1.\f. "'arren. Robert Brent 1\Iosher. Carl F. Deichman. Stokeley \V. Morgan. Hugh H. Watson. Gebhard 'Willrich. Frederic R. Dolbeare. Edwin L. Neville. To be foreign service office ~·s, Class VI Louis G. Dreyfus, jr. Edward J. Norton. Wainwright Abbott. William R. Langdon. Allen W. Dulles. John Ball Osborne. Walter A. Adams. Frederic D. K. LeClercq. Frederick T. F. Dumont. Ely E. Palmer. Charles H. Albrecht. Dayle C. McDonough. Robert Frazer, jr. Willys R. Peck. J. Webb Benton. Joseph F. McGurk. Arthur C. Frost. Mahlon Fay Perkins. Percy A. Blair. George A. Makinson. Wesley Frost. G. Howland Shaw. William P. Blocker. Lucien 1\femrninger. John A. Gamon. Alban G. Snyder. Walter F. Boyle. Cord Meyer. Arthur Garrels. Addison E. Southard.. Homer Brett. G. Harlan Miller. Arminius T. Haeberle. Henry P: Starrett. Charles C. Broy. James P. Moffitt. Matthew E. Hanna. Louis A. Sussdorff, jr. Parker W. Buhrman. Benjamin 1\Iuse. Ernest L. Harris. Francis \Vhite. William C. Burdett. Charles Roy Nasrnitb. Lewis W. Haskell. John Campbell White. Algar E. Carleton. Edward I. Nathan. Charles M. Hathaway, jr. Charles S. Winans. Joseph W. Carroll. H. Dorsey Newson. P. Stewart Heintzleman. Joseph I. Brittain. Benjamin F. Chase. George Orr. Philip Holland. Frederic Ogden de Billier. H. Merle Cochran. Jefferson Patterson. W. Stanley Hollis. Frederic W. Goding. Harris N. Cookingham. Frederick F. A. Pearson. Augustus E. Ingram. George Horton. Raymond E. Cox. Charles J. Pisar. Theodore Jaeckel. Francis B. Keene. Henry C. A. Dam.m. Harold B. Quarton. Douglas Jenkins. Dominic I. Murphy. Thomas L. Daniels. Elbridge D. Rand. Hallett Johnson. Frederick M. Ryder. Chester W. Davis. John Randolph. John E. Kehl. Alfred A. Winslow. James P. Davis. Bertil 1\I. Rasmusen. _To be to-reign service officers, Class IV :Monnett B. Davis. Benjamin Reath Riggs. William W. Andrews. Stewart Johnson. Lawl'ence Dennis. John 1\I. Savage. F. Lammont Belin. Patul Knabenshue. Erle R. Dickover. Walter H. Schoellkopf. Philander L. Cable. Arthur Bliss Lane. Henry I. Dockweiler. 'Valter H. Sholes. Hamilton C. Claiborne. Irving N. Linnell. Clement S. Edwards. Samuel Sokobin. Felix Cole. J. Theodore Marriner. Joseph Flack. \Villiam B. Southworth. E. Haldeman Dennison. John F. :Martin. Barton Hall. Francis R. Stewart. Hernando De Soto. Lester Maynard. George 1\1. Hanson. Lucien N. Sullivan. Leon Dominian. Jay Pierrepont 1\Ioffat. Robert Harnden. Merritt Swift. . George K. Donald. 1\laxwell K. Moorhead. Thornwell Haynes. Harold H. Tittmann, jr. James Clement Du~n. Dana G. Munro. Frederick.P. Hibbard. Thomas \V. Voetter. Cornelius Van H. Engert. R. Henry Norweb. Henry .B. Hitchcock. John J. C. Watson. Cornelius Ferris. • Gordon Paddock. John P. Hurley. Orme Wilson, jr. Fred D. Fisher. Robert l\1. Scotten. Jay C. Huston. Warden McK. Wilson. Otis A. Glazebrook. Richard B. Southgate. Joseph E. Jacobs. Henry l\I. Wolcott. Herbert S. Goold. Benjamin Thaw, jr. John D. Johnson. Edward L. Adams. George A. Gordon. Walter C. Thurston. Curtis C. Jordon. Julius D. Dreher. Elbridge Gerry Greene. John C. Wiley. Ed\vin Carl Kemp. John H. Grout. Oliver B. Harriman. North \Vinship. Alfred W. Kliefoth. Mason Mitchell. ClHrence B. Hewes. L. Lanier ·winslow. Harry M. Lakin. Calvin 1\1. Hitch. John Q. Wood. To be foreign service officers, Class VII Myron A. Hofer. Henry S. Culver. Philip Adams. 1\Iaurice P. Dunlap. Ross E. Holaday. William P. Kent. Charles E. Allen. Dudley G. Dwyer. Samuel W. llonaker. Frank W. Mahin. Norman L. Anderson. Francis J. Dyer. Williamson S. Howell, jr. Chester W. Martin. W. Roswell Barker. John G. Erhardt. J. Klahr Huddle. George H. Pickerell. Maynard B. Barnes. Hugh S. Fullerton. John F. Jewell. Frank Bohr. Ilo C. Funk. To be foreign service officers, Class V \Vilbert L. Bonney. Gerhard Gade. Copley Amory, jr. Oscar S. Heizer. John L. Bouchal. William P. George. Jfranl( D. Arnold. Frank Anderson Henry. Richard .F. Boyce. Raleigh A. Gibson. Henry H. Balch. Charles L. lloover. Robert R. B1·adford. John Sterett Gittings , jr. Joseph W. Ballantine. George N. Ifft. Au tin C. Brady. Bernard Gotlieb. Thomas H. Bevan. EJrnest L. Ives. George L. Brandt. Louis H. Gourley. Pierre de L. Boal. Jesse 13. Jackson. Lawrence P. Briggs. William J. Grace. George A. nucklin. William L. Jenkins. Alfred T. Burri. Edward 1\I. Groth. Ralph C. Bus er. Herschel V. Johnson. Harry E. Carlson. Don S. Hav-en. Charles R. Cameron. Paul R. Jo sel;rn. James G. Carter. Harry F. Hawley. Barry Campbell. Wilbur Keblinger. William E. Chapman. Robert W. Heingartner. Frederick C. Chabot. Graham H . Kemper. Reed Paige Clark. Robertson Honey. Harold D. Clum. li'rank C. Lee. Arthur B. Cooke. George D. Hopper. John K. Davis. \\Talter A. Leonard. John Corrigan, jr. Charles Bridgham Hosmer. Leslie A. Davis. Stuart K. Lupton. Eliot B. Coulter·. \Villiam H. Hunt. llasel H. Dick. DaYid B. Macgowan. Paul H. Cram. Robert L. K eiser. Alfred W. Donegan. 0. Gaylord Marsh. Cecil 1\1. P. Cross. Clinton E. MacEachran. Eugene H. Dooman. Keith Merrill. Raymond Davis. John H. 1\lacVeagh. W. Roderick Dorsey. Leland B. :Morris. Thomas D. Davi". Karl de G. 1\IacVitty. Edward A. Dow. Wallace S. Murray. Leonard G. Daw ·on. William J. McCafferty. Coert Du Bois. David J. D. Myers. Harold 1\1. Deane. Andrew .J. 1\fcConnico. John W. Dye. l\Iyrl S. Myers. James Orr Denby. Stewart E. l\fcl\lillin. Carol H. Foster. Jose de Olivares. Samuel S. Dickson. Renwick S. 1\fcNiece. Claude E. Guyant. Kenneth S. Patton. Hooker A. Doolittle. Robert B. l\Iacatee. George C. Hanson. L owell C. Pinkerton. William F. Doty. George R. Merrell, jr. Joseph E. Haven. J ohn R. Putnam. J. Preston Doughten. Hugh 1\lillard. 884 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE John R. :Minter. William H. Taylor. George Alexande-r Armstrong John R. Ives. W. l\1. Parker l\Iitchell. Raymond P. Tenney. Lawrence S. Armstrong. William 0 car Jones. Edmund B. Montgomery. Samuel R. Thompson. George Atcheson, jr. JaJ,Iles Hugh Keele_y, jr. Orsen X Nielsen. R. A. Wallace Treat. Frederick W. Baldwin. Rufus H. Lane, jr. Tbomal:l R. Owens. Marshall M. Vance. Charles A. Bay. Richard S. Leach. l\fam·ice C. Pierce. Henry C. von Struve. William H. Beach. ScottS. Levisee. Harold Playter. Egmont 0. von Tresckow. David C. Berger. Charles W. Lewis, jr. Walter r:e. Prendergast. George Wadsworth. Herbert C. Biar. Edward P. Lowry. Erne t B. Price. Harry L. Walsh. William A. Bickers. John McArdle. Samuel C. Reat. Henry S. Waterman. Gilson G. Blake, jr. Clarence El Macy. Horace Remillard. Henry T. Wilcox. Ralph A. Boernstein. Erik W. Magnuson. Winthrop R. Scott. Herbert 0. Williams. Ellis A. Bonnet. Marcel E. Malige. Jolm 1'. Simons. Harold L. Williamson. Paul Bowerman. Raphael A. 1\Ianning. Gaston Smith. Digby A. Willson. Howard A. Bowman. Joseph A. Marquis. Carl 0. Spamer. Gilbert R. Willson. Norton F. 'Brand. Paul Mayo. Clarence J. Spiker. Damon C. Woods. Rus~en M. Brooks. Carl D. Mcinlmrdt. Richard L. Sprague. Romeyn Wormuth. Henry H.. Brown. Paul W. Meyer. Paul C. Squire. William J. Yerby. John H. Bruins. Harvey Lee Milbourne. Maurice L. ~tafford . Bartley F. Yost. Joseph F. Burt. Hugh S. Miller. Dana C. Sycks. Perci"ml Gassett. Leo J. Callanan. John E. Moran. G. Russell Taggart. Lorin A. Lathrop. Alfred D. Cameron. Ro!Jert L. Mosier. To be foreign service officers, Olass VII.l Randolph F. Carroll. John J. Muccio. Al'thur H. Cawston. William F. Nason. Harry J. Anslinger. S. Bertrand Jacobson. Culver B. Chamberlain. Alfred T. Nester. l\1iss Lucile Atcherson. Robert Y. Janis. Flavius J. Chapman, 3d. Sidney E. O'Donoghne. Henry D. Baker. Felix S. S. Johnson. J. Holbrook Chapman. Earl L. Packer. Rees H. Barkalow. Robert F. Kelley. Prescott Childs. Nelson R. Park. Willard L. Beaulac. Trojan Kodding. Haskell E. Coates. James E. Parks. . Donald F. Bigelow. Gerhard H. Krogh. Harold M. Collins. George R. Paschal, jr. Lee R. Blohm. Clark P. Kuykendall. William W. Corcoran. William L. Peck. Hiram A. Boucher. Drew Linard. Alexander P. Cruger. C. Warwick Perkins, jr. Lewis V. Boyle. Robert D. Longyear. William E. De Courcy. Julian L. Pinkerton. William W. Brunswick. Thomas McEnelly. Charles H. Derry. Edwin A. Plitt. Howard Bucknell, jr. Walter H. McKinney. Horace J. Dickinson. Austin R. Preston, jr. Robert S. Burgher. H. Freeman .Matthews. Julian C. Dorr. Joseph P. Ragland. Herbert S. BUTsley, John J. 1\feily. Albert M. Doyle. Egbert B. Rand. Edward Caffery. H. Tobey Mooers. Fred C. Eastin, jr. Sydney B. Redccker. John S. Calvert. J. Lee Murphy. Samuel G. Ebling. Conger ReynoldFl. Reginald . Castleman. James J. Murphy. Ernest E. Evans. JohnS. Richardson, jr. J. Ri•es Childs. Robert D. Murphy. Curtis T. Everett. Quincy F. Roberts. Thomas W. Chilton. Gustave Pabst, jr. E. Kitchel Farrand. Thomas H. Robinson. George T. Colman. Robert R. Patterson. James G, Finley. Laurence E. Salisbury, Edward S. Crocker. Robert L. RankiJit. C. Paul Fletcher. Edwin Schoenrich. Nathaniel P. Davis. Walter S. Reineck. . Peter H. A... Flood. William W. Schott. Richard M. de Lambert. H. Earle Russell. Richard Ford. Winfield H. Scott. Howard Dono-van. Lester L. Schnare. Charles Forman. George E. Seltzer. William W. Earley. Rudolf E. Schoenfeld. George Gregg Fuller. Edward E. Silvers. Stillman W. Eells. Harold Shantz. Joseph T. Gilman, William A. Smale. Leon II. Ellis. George P. Shaw. Arthur B.. Giroux. Robert Lacy Smyth. Robert F. Fernald. Fred C. Slater. Frank P. S. Gla, sey. F. Leroy Spangler. Augustin W. Ferrin. Alexander K. Sloan. Arthur J. Gra\elle. Edwin F. Stanton. Harold D. Finley. E. Talbot Smith. Leonard N. -Green. W. Maynard Stapleton. Carl A. Fisher. Leland L. Smith. Samuel E. Green, 3u. Harry El. Stevens. Samuel J. Fletcher. John Stambaugh, 2d. Winthrop S. G-reene. Ronald D. Stevenson. Walter A. Foote. Christian T. Steger. Joseph G. Groeninger. Robert B. Streeper. Paul H. Foster. George K. Stiles. George J. Haering. Leo D. Sturgeon. Ray Fox. Francis H. Styles. John N. Hamlin. George Tait. Lynn W. Franklin. Harold S. Tewell. Richard B. Haven. Sheridan Talbott. 'Valdemar J. Gallman. Edward B. Thomas. Harry C. Hawkins. Howard C. Taylor. William P. Garrety. Frederick L. Thomas. J. Cameron Hawkins . . Cyril L. F. Thiel. Albert H. Gerberich. Howard K. Travers. Loy W. Henderson. J osepb I. Touchette. Herndon W. Goforth. Ernest A. Wakefield. Robert O'D. Hinckley. Arthur F. Tower. Harvey T. Goodier. George P. Waller. Frederick W. Rinke. Harry L. Troutman. Charles I. Graham. Fletcher Warren. Anderson Dana Hodgdon. Mason Turner. John Harrison Gray. LeRoy ·webber. John E. IIoller. 'Villiam T. Turner. Julian C. Greenup. James V. Whitfield. Thomas S. Horn. Frederik "an den Arend. Christian Gross. Samuel H. Wiley. R. Flournoy Howard. Maurice Walk. Stuart ID. Grummon. James R. Wilkinson. John F. Huddleston. Richard. R. Willey. Maxwell M. Hamilton. Howa1·d F. Withey. Joel C. Hudson. Rollin R. Winslow. Stanley Hawks. G. Carlton Woodward. George R. Hukill. Granville 0. Woodard. William W. Heard. Eugene L. Beli sh~ . Benjamin :M. Hulley. Leslie EJ. Woods. Donald R. Heath. James S. Benedict. ·Alan T. Hurd. Whitney Young. Charles H. Heisler. Henry W. Diederich. Carlton Hurst. Jack Dewey Hickerson. Henry Abert Johnson. CoMMISSIONERS OF IMMIGRATION Leighton Hope. James B. 1\filner. William I. Jackson. Bradstreet S. Rairden. John B. McCandless to be commissioner of immigration at port of Philadelphia, Pa. To be f01·eign set·vic£3 officers, Glass IX ':l'homas B. R. Mudd to be commissioner of immigration at Richard P. Butrick. Bernard F. Hale. port of Baltimore, Md. Frank C. Denison. Christian 1\I. Ravndal. UNITED S·rATES CIRCUIT JUDGE Charles L. De Vault. Shelby F. Strother. Learned Hand to be United States circuit judge, second cir Alonzo B. Garrett. Howard D. Yan Sant. cuit. Raymond H. Geist. Thomas R. Wallace. PROMOTI01 S IN THE ARMY To be foreign service office-rs, unclassified, GE~ OFFICERS Knox Alexander. l\Iam·ice W. AltB..ffer. William Ruthven Smith to be major ~eneral. Paul H. Alling. Charles A. Amsden. William Hartshorne Johnston to be major general. 1924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 885 William Weigel to be major generaL Jane M. Wilkes, Lincolnton. Charles Bem·y Martin to be major general. Clyde S. Young, Rebecca. Douglas MacArthur to be major general. Lucius L. Dean, Smithville. LeRoy Eltinge to be brigadier general, Cavalry. Johnnie B. Roddenbery, Thoma.sville. Ewing lll Booth to be brigadier general, Oa valry. KANSAS Campbell King to be brigadier general, Infantry. Robert E. Chapman, Belle Plaine. William Wright Harts to be brigadier general, Field Artil• Theodore 0. Conklin, Mulvane. lery. Edgar Thomas Collins to be brigadier general, Infantry. Clarence G. Hart, Perry. George Sher·win Simonds to be brigadier general, Infantry. George E. Crawford, Whiting. Thomas Quinton Donaldson to be brigadier general, Infantry. LOUISIANA John Adley Bull to be judge advocate general, with rank of Johnnie D. Stagg, Lone""Ville. major general. MICHIGAN Albert Francis Dowler to be second lieutenant, 1\Iedical Ad· Samuel Perkins, Norway. ministrative Corps. Edward Uartin Wones to be second lieutenant, Medical Joseph D. Norris, Turner. Administrative Corps. NEW JERSEY Thomas Henry Green to be captain, Judge Advocate Gen Philip E. Rockafellow, Stockton. eral's Department. William E. Flagg, Westville. Lawrence Ooy Leonard to be second lieutenant, Ordnance omo Department. Samuel B. Moffett, Alger. '\\''alter Julius Ungethuem to be first lieutenant, Chemical James G. Tuttle, Chatfield. Warfare Service. George P. Foresman, Circleville. Ernest Stephen Wheeler to be lieutenant colonel, Field Artil- W. Clifton Reeker, Leavittsburg. lery. · Alsina Andrews, Risingsun. 'Vllllam Henry Egle Holmes to be captain, Field Artillery. Horace G. Randall, Sylvania. Logan Osburn Shutt to be first lieutenant, Coast Artillery Wellington T. Huntsman, Toledo. Corps. Charles H. Heller, Morrisville. Russell Cre-amer Langdon to be colonel, Infantry. Wait Chatterton Johnson to be colonel, Infantry. TEXAS Adam Floy Casad to be lieutenant colonel, Ordnance Depart Elizabeth Ingenhuett, Comfort. ment. Alvin 0. Fricke, Kingsbury. John Epps Munroe to be lieutenant ~olonel, Ordnance De- Emil J. Spiekerman, Skidmore. partment. VERMONT Clyde Raymond Eisenschmidt to be major, Infantry. Ernest W. Gat~s. Morrisville. John McDonald Thompson to be major, Cavalry. Charles E. Ball, Swanton. James Alward Van Fleet to be major, Infantry. Archie S. Haven, Vergennes. William Vincent Randall to be captain, Ordnance Depart· Henry D. Rolfe, Brandon. ment. . Avery G. Smith, Saint Albans. Will Vermilya Parker to be captain, Signal Corps. Floyd Newman Shumaker to be captain, Air Service. Charles B. Stetson, Enosburg Falls. Lowell Herbert Smith to be captain, Ah' Service. Albert Edward lliggins to be captain, Field Artillery. Haynie McCormick to be first lieutenant, Air Service. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Arthur Henry Wolf to be :first lieutenant, Infantry. Albert Theodore Wilson to be first lieutenant, Infantry. SATURDAY, December fO, 19f4 Leonard Vezina to be first lieutenant, Quartermaster Corps. The Bouse met at 12 o'clock noon, and was called to order Hartwell Matthew Elder to be first lieutenant, Quartermaster by the Speaker. Corps. The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered OFFICERS' RESERVE CoRPS OF THE ARMY the following praye-r : Albert Greenlaw to be brigadier general, Maine National Another new day is ours, blessed Heavenly Father. We Guard. praise Thee for all Thou hast brought us of strength, of health, PROMOTION IN THE NAVY of peace, and warmth of heart. Duties, opportunities, and Edward R. Stitt to be Surgeon General and Chief of the privileges are before us like an open book. For all these we Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, with rank of rear admiral. look up and thank Thee, our Father Eternal. "Glory to God POSTMASTERS 1n the highest, on earth peace, good will toward men." Help .ALAISKA us not only to give the angels' song new breath, but may our Martin Conway, Skagway. lives increase in love, beauty, an.d wisdom under its inspiration. Throughout our country let. the Christmas spirit bless, until FWRIDA the happiness and good will of all are the concerns of each. Carter T. Daves, Babson Park. Give blessings of great gladness to our families here and those Clyde Lemmon, Barberville. that are separated. Amid flatteries and abuses, may no day Helen Corson, Beresford. pass in which we fail to thank the infinite God of this earth Lyndal A. Barber, Cross City. for our d€ar homeland. Let the best that is within us rise up Wesley Herrick, Daytona Beach. in answer in Thy great providence, and may we be dedicated Marion C. Douglas, De Land. anew to the institutions that make for the glory of our Re Edgar W. Norris, Fellsmere. public. Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. William B. Neel, Grand Ridge. Hattie A. Stevens, Greenwood. The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was rf.Rd and Carl M. James, Hollywood. approved. Clarkson C. Harvey, Lake Hamilton. EUROPEAN FOWL PEST Shelly L. Hayes, New Smyrna. 1\Ir. l\f.A.DDEN. Mr. Speaker, I am going to ask unanimous Flora E. Burks, Ocoee. -consent for the consideration of a resolution which passed the Earl B. Pennington, Ortega. Senate yesterday, but before I ask that consent I would like Joseph J. B. Taylor, Panama City. to have unanimous consent to proceed for a minute or two in Francis 0. Le-avins, Ponce de Leon. order to explain it. Emma M. Cromartie, Reddick. The SPEAKER. T.he gentleman from Illinois asks unani Nellie P. Perry, San Antonio. mous consent to proceed for a minute or two in order to explain Maude l\f. 0. Park, Sebastian. the resolution to which he refers. Is there objection? George L. Chamberlin, Sutherland. There was no objection. GEORGIA Mr. l\1ADDEN. Recently a very serious disease has de Gertrude Wingard, Aragon. veloped among the poultry of the country. The poultry indus George P. Whigham, Bartow. try of the United States amounts to about $1,000,000,000 a ll'loyd P. Jones, Leslie. · year. Much of the poultry shipped from several States recently