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1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CECIL B. LYON Interviewed

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1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CECIL B. LYON Interviewed The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CECIL B. LYON Interviewed by: John Bovey Initial interview date: October 26, 1988 Copyright 1998 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Early career System of promotion in Foreign Service areer officers v. political appointees uba 1931 Economic and political discontent Issuing visas Hong Kong 1932-1933 Trachoma hinese section of Hong Kong Scattering ashes in the Seven Seas To)yo 1933 Japanese reverence for emperor Relations ,ith Japanese Embassy postings policies Sambo and the emperor Pe)ing 1934-193. Japanese invasion Playing polo hinese response invasion E/periences ,ith hinese coolie hiang Kai-she) American civilians in Pe)ing Order for hile hile 193.-1943 Ambassador Norman Armour Inauguration and E/-president Alessandri 1 1S attitude to,ard hile Disparity in income distribution Ambassador 2o,ers Pearl Harbor attac) 1S pressure on hile to brea) relations ,ith A/is 3ice-President 4allace5s visit Attempted meeting bet,een 4allace and Alessandri hilean political situation airo 193.-1943 King Farou) President Roosevelt5s visit Ibn Saud 2ritish presence in Egypt River Plate Affairs 1946-194. Rio Treaty 1947 Revolution during the 2ogota onference8 2ogotaso 4arsa, 194.-1950 2erlin airlift Post-,ar 4arsa, Relations ,ith Poles Disappearance of the Field family Polish airports Polish reaction to Korean 4ar atholicism in Poland 2erlin 1951-1954 Spandau prison ontrast bet,een East and 4est 2erlin Soviet-1S relations in 2erlin Ta)ing Adlai Stevenson to East 2erlin State Department 1954-1955 Mc arthyism Relations ,ith Secretary Dulles and Adenauer Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs hile 1956-195. Presenting credentials Economic conditions Paris 195.-1964 De facto demotion French bombing of Sa)iet 2 Meeting bet,een Dulles and de Gaulle De Gaulle Prime Minister Debre Travel to Algeria Eisenho,er5s visit 1959 1960 summit collapse uban Missile risis French development of a-bomb President Kennedy5s visit Effects of Algerian crisis Eye operation Trip to Africa omparing former colonies French politics Prime Minister Pompidou De Gaulle5s vie, of 3ietnam 1prisings in Algiers Kennedy5s assassination eylon 1964-1967 ounter-espionage training Meeting president Johnson Relations ,ith 1S and eylon Servants Prime minister 2andaranai)e Tamil-Singhalese conflict Fall of Madam 2andaranai)e5s government Improving relations ,ith eylon Presenting credentials to Maldive Islands Retirement onclusion INTERVIEW Q: John Bovey, a retired Foreign Service Officer, interviewing Ambassador Cecil Lyon for the Senior Officer Project on October 26th at his house in Hancoc-, New Hampshire regarding his career in the Foreign Service with special emphasis on the European e0perience. o you want to say a little word about when you went into the Foreign Service and why, and how you got involved in foreign affairs2 LYO08 First of all I'd li)e to say John ,hat a pleasure it is to have you here. Its al,ays 3 nice to see Foreign Service officers. Its even nicer to see ones ,ith ,hom one has ,or)ed and ,hom one enjoys being ,ith and ,hom one admires. Yes, people often as) me about ,hy I ,ent in the Foreign Service. I thin) it ,as a mi/ed bag. I thin) in the first place ,hen I should have been reading The Rover 2oys, I ,as reading E. Phillips Oppenheim, ,here the young junior secretary ,ould al,ays be lunching ,ith the glamorous spy in the RitA bar some,here. I thin) also--it may sound corny today but I had a desire to serve my country. And finally, I thin) it ,as a yearning to travel, to see the ,orld, to go to far places, to have some e/perience and a life ,hich ,ould broaden one ,ith some adventure in it. I must say I ,as loo)ing for that. I had an English father and he did everything he could to dissuade me from going into the Foreign Service. 4e didn't have much money and he said in the 2ritish Foreign Service you had to have a private income--B,hich you ,on't haveB, he told me. So I too) the course of least resistance and I roomed ,ith a fello, called assat in college and his father had a bro)erage firm, and I ,ent into that and spent three miserable years in 4all Street. The day of the big crash in 1929 I ,ent into the toilet at that office and the senior Ne, Yor) partner came in and he said, B ecil, this is a hell of a business. I've been in it 20 years and I've just lost everything I have.B So that made me decide that I ,as going to go into the Foreign Service. Q: 3ou4re li-e me then, you did have a reaction from a previous job. I went in after being a teacher, then teaching at Annapolis until I was sic- of it. LYO08 4ell, yes, of course I did and Daddy said at that point, B4ell, I can't help you any more.B Then he came do,n to stay ,ith me in uba, ,hich ,as my first post, and I heard him saying to people, BI've al,ays encouraged my boys to do e/actly ,hat they ,ant. 4hen ecil ,anted to go in the Foreign Service I gave him every encouragement.B To myself I said, BThe hell you did.B 2ut any,ay I thin) he believed it, and I must say, having made that decision to leave 4all Street and get in the Foreign Service, I lived happily ever after,ards. Q: Do you have any remar-s that you4d li-e to ma-e about the way in which promotions were handled in those days as compared to nowadays2 5hat was the system of promotion2 LYO08 4ell, I'm not sure ,hat the system is no,adays but in the old days you'll remember every year there'd be a 2oard made up primarily of Foreign Service Officers--I served on at least one, I thin) maybe t,o, myself. Every hief of Mission had ,ritten an efficiency report about all of his staff in ,hich he ,as urged to be totally fran). 4e, on the 2oards ,or)ed hours reading all these reports and I thin) it ,as pretty fair. I'm not sure ,hat the present system is of course. I suppose all of us--I )no, I did, I don't )no, ,hether you did--but I ,ent through some periods ,hen there seemed to be rather long stretches during ,hich I ,asn't promoted, and that naturally made one feel sort of depressed. 2ut I thin) on the ,hole it ,as fair. Oh, and I should add, of course, that about every three years an Inspector ,ould come from the State Department and he ,ould go over, not only the administration of the office, but he ,ould ,rite efficiency reports about 4 each officer. So you had a mass of material about every officer. I al,ays had an a,ful time ,riting efficiency reports about my juniors because I didn't li)e to say anything unpleasant about them, ,hich ,as not the ,ay it should be. On the other hand, ,hen I ,as on the 2oard I read some efficiency reports ,hich I thought ,ere much too harsh on the junior people, but perhaps over the years these things average out. I thin) also--I )no, one officer ,ho shall be nameless--but he had t,o very tough chiefs as Ambassadors and he feels that they sort of ended his career. He ,as a brilliant man but he did not reach the thing ,e all aim for, of course, the top post--I mean Ambassador--so he finally resigned in desperation. And I thin) that could happen but I thin) that is more the rare case. Q: 5as there any feeling at that time, as there is now, of terrible discontent with the way things go at the last hurdle--at the top2 Or was the problem less2 LYO08 I thin) there has al,ays been discontent. Q: No, I mean appointments from outside the Service. LYO08 I thin) that ,e all )ne,, or at least ,e should have )no,n, that there ,as feeling against non-career people--political appointments as ,e used to call them. There has al,ays been that feeling amongst members of the Service. 2ut dammit, ,e )ne, that ,hen ,e ,ent in. I ,as Cuite conscious of that. It didn't ,orry me too much. I thought that some of the non-career Ambassadors ,ere absolutely marvelous. You couldn't have had a better man than David 2ruce. Of course, originally he'd been in the service but only for a very fe, years. And there ,as Harriman, and 2un)er, and people li)e that. I ,as almost an e/pert on political appointees. I had 2o,ers in hile, I had Houghton and Gavin in Paris and all of them ,ould come in at first ,ith a feeling that all this darn Foreign Service ,as a lot of stuffy people. Q: They felt they had fallen into a nest of vipers. LYO08 Yes, but I've never )no,n one, ,ho after about a year or so, didn't feel that the career people ,ere pretty good, and there ,ere pretty good people, and ,e had a fine corps--devoted, honest. I really don't )no, enough about it no,. I do )no, that I have a nephe,, ,ho shall be nameless, but he's reached the top, he's already been an Ambassador to one country and no, there seems to be nothing for him.
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