• Ch ,/e / , .rt ~ ~ \ DEPARTMENT OF STATE ·U v 'C DIVISION OF PROTOCOL MEMORANDIJlL FOR MR . MciNTYRE
August 4, 1938 .
The following are excerpts taken f rom a personal
and confidential letter dated June 28, 1938, which I received f rom Norman Armour, American Ambassador t o Chile: "*** Confidentially, I am a little worried at the thought of his postponing his visit until after the elections in Novem ber at home. The presidential elections here are not until late October and although the inauguration of the new President will not be until December 23rd, Alessandri will then be, so to speak, "keeping the seat warm" for his successor. Also it seem s possible that the excitement, to put it mildly, over the elec tions, may not have calmed down entirely by t hat time. In fact, there are some people who think that if Ross is elected, the Left may not accept t he verdict without attempting to show some fight. "However, all the above is negative . On the positive side the Pr esid~1t 1 s visit wou ld have a splendid effect here and I am sure that rather t han not have hi m visit Chile, they would prefer t o have him com e at any time t he President finds it possible to do so. On second thought, if he waited until after the elections at home, he would not reach here presumably until late in November, by wh ich t ime all excitement following elections here should have quieted down . Al so this YIOuld be sufficiently far in advance of the inaugu r ation of the new President not to have any conflict in that direction. All things con sidered, therefore, if the President could time his visit to come, let us say, between Novem ber 25th and December 5th, this would seem to fit - 2 -
to fit in perfectly. He could then conti nue on up to Lima for the opening of the Conference . "Should the President prefer to go to Lima first for the opening of the Conference and then come on to Chile, he could still do this provided he did not stay too long at Li ma . As the opening is on December 9th, if he left there on December l l th, that would bring him here about the 14th-15th . This would be only eight days before the inaugur a tion of the new Presi dent here, which is fairly close but would still probably be possible, although I think the earlier date, prior to the opening of the Lima Conference, would perhaps be preferable. " I thought you would be interested in having f or your files these confidential observations in regar d t o a trip to the west coa st of South America by the Pr e si dent in the Fal l .
G. T. S. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
Summerlin:
11 '£'1e li.meric<::n Amb . in Sunt1ae;o, Chile, sent the rollo• in~ ruPssage : IJlov • .<.;... For the Under Sec. f'oul" 1 t be po sihle to secure from tn e Pre:: iaent or the Sec. « luess::t,;e to be r e;.d &t the openln,:; of the Chile-North American Institute of Cultural Pel· tions on Thursda~·, Tn-nksgi ving Day? The in<.u nr& i n · Ll take place ~.d~r ru pices of Comisijn C~il~na de Cooper acion Intelect!al ac 7 PM, Nov . :.!4 . T 1e British F.n·ei,:n Mi nister se 1t a simi.l< r rnP-ssage wh.:.ch Vi: s read t t ~he Or>ening of t.'l Brit.:..or In::.t.:.wte 1-.st May t.nd I mow .;orne such officic.l reco_:n1 titllt from 1.~ snington 1·111 be appreciated here. Armour. 1
n 1Yo:.ur tel 6 1·-.m lJd, Nov . l2, Noon. You c.re author ized to re· o t·1e following mes~~oq;e : fhe ctevelo 'rnent of t ne cult•Jrc.l r elc.tiJnf bet eon Lhe ;>eo >les 0 t.he l'.orld i "' of t "anscen Je EMBA.JADA DE CHILE I WAaHINOTON 8 June 193 - N"904/H.- C.celicncyo I lA ·~ t.;;c t.ot or to :.r cm1:. :.o f;>;.~.. • ce,.- c !. .. or."" ro :. uirr,. CerJ ' Prb i~.of.=nt or thll •II tJ lie of (,. t ' c.-L. nc,- f r .. !n y • • ·- t~..~..nt of t~t;~ Unitt.: ..t t~;s (Jf A::t.r1c . - ... ,ur c !l•nc • s 1r.~ ra •1 ,_ j •he .ett !._• ita r1 ~n 1 ... n1sh 1 • • -~ h1 •• t eo ,a1Cltr t ion.- Ttl.... ~ t u ra..) liA..:.U .. '-tTw!t , .c. . I:MBAJADA DE CHILE WA8HINOTON r iL 1 0 1 *' C.t. J U' .1 :J - Ill o• Pr t al u tr C:4. .... ! 1 r c 1 el ,.., Jl"C r Vu tr c~ l ~nci se alr 15 lr1gir~u co uc au: el~1 o ~-Y r rio ~e. ~ t 1 "O I:! ... t 1 ~· Co o l..ro .Lo CiC{ Yu ... • r ~ 1 , r - I cl ""' t; tc nu t.r H er vec1. c • c ... I) )IJ r t:: UC1,)1 tt.t ' .... •ro, o .. u c a ;, .__e; -c 1 vt c lY Por c. rt11!1 0 " ::. t .C:1 1 l~ol.d lC "re- t - r ".tr -~ c •• " . 0 1. u y t • tu c r u.. U'/t fj .r r cl ir _' 1.1• s • tr c - cl , r por ~ r tue 1 u • c 1.1 r ec .. u t t - 1. c:.. ' (~ . ) P. Uir t. 1.. N • ... t.._ .r L .. EMBA.JAOA' DE CHILE 0 TI A!. " I 10° WAaHIN OTON •ll •l! • ltt ll .~1 o, • Ju.;a 19) - Thu vt r,.. ur thy r " r·t; ut. n t.:.t1 vt or W' w.ccL.Lnc: ).;.for ~ ..., C.uvt.! 'I t it t ll l: .l. CC 1-Cl.C.. t.:NOT ·•OT ll r •W' ' put tnt Ill. • t •• !n ..... " •.1t:n 1 '" .;..).Ctl.ltr.C".. ' • "" tn u n " t 10< "" L• cc. l, ,. 1.!. roru. 11 l- 'h.ra rr or :. U!' ' a .I h mt "1r c v c < n c..t: 11 ~ ! .. &~ r ~1.1ty r till c v ·~ • - c~r cour.ttit. i Yt..: ceo c: ... o 1 •• I ' 11- •• i_igcnt.~o,.~ .. ~ •f4'" ,.\; c\ 11 ... • c:u ' • l. t!c. _a. ' u .lc l.ol J1ll v t "' vl" J . -•• r ur . I Jol" fw. 1 lJt tm ._, r It .. • 1- t • l.r.L'"' .r •lJ C<> t. • •• 1 of C.tllt ••l ' t. 1' 1 t.b !h.... n ...... tr t c • lt 1C I ':).; nor t.o t •• .... 1 •• nc. r Q ur Ct.lltUC,I I I ~ r. c r .1.. P. ul c .... r ••••• DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON ln reply refer to PR 810. ?9611/ 41 June 22 , 1939 My dear Min LeHandl With reference t o the co..unication recently addr eeaed by the Preaident to Hie Excellency Pedro Aguirre Oerda, Presi dent of t he Republic of Ohile, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the establishment of a direct air service between the United 8tatea and Ohils, there ie enclosed herewith President Aguirre Oerda1 s reply, together with a copy of the transmitting note and its encloaurea from the Ambassador of Ohile at washington. Jo further action appears to be neoeasary. Sincerely youra, .. ~ ~£ _/ C\..'-' )(;!.;/· i //!./ .4i Ohief of Protocol. ' Mias Marguerite A. LeHand, Private Secretary to the President, The White Bouse. I Santiago, 2 ds junto ds 1939. Jli sstilll4do Ssflor Prssidsnts: Zl muy digno r•pr686ntant• d• Vusstra EXcsl• ncia ants ai Gobisrno, ZXcslsnt{sino EMbajador ssflor Nor1114n Armour, puso sn mis monos sl at•nto • • nsajs qu• Vusstra txcslsncia s• sirvio dirigiru con ocasion ds la pro xlmidad dsl diclmo aniv~sario dsl sstablscimisnto dsl ssrvl cio airso dir•cto sntrs Chils v los Estados Unidos. Como bi•n lo dies Vusstra EX cslsnci a, gracias a la rapid•z v ssguridad dB •sts magn{fico s•rvlcto, nusstros pafsss han llsgado a s~ v•cinos c•rcanos, v como talss pusdsn ayudarss acuciosa v •licazmsnt•, uno a otro, •n todos los caapos d• actividad publica v prioada . Por sllo participo plsnamsnts ds la complacsncia qus a todos pro dues la posibilidad alccnzada ds una mas sstr•cha coopsraci6n sntrs los ciudadanos ds Chil• v los !stados Dnidos, posibil idad qus ss vs dsmostrada por la prontitud con quB tuv• a honra rs cibir los busnos dsssos v saludos psrsonal•s d• Vu•s tra &Xcsl•n• cla, como, asimismo, por la rapidsz igual con qus ss impondr4 ds ssta rsspussta sn qus ls manifissto ais vivos agradsciaisn tos v sincsra congratulaci6n. I AL EXCELENTISIJ/0 SEIIOR l'IW/XIJN .D. ROOSSVELT, Pr•sidsnts ds los Estados Dnidos ds Amlrica. • • F R .A N K L I N lJ. R 0 0 S E V E L T, Prssid•nt ~ d• los Estados Dnidos d~ ~msrica, IYash incton. DEPARTMENT OF" STATE WASH I NQTON July 5 , 11)39 wY dear Ur. President: I return herewith the original of the letter of the President of Chile of UQy 23, 1939 replying to your communication to him of May 15, 1939 on the oooasion of the tenth anniversary of the establishment of air oomrn•n1oations between the United States and Chile. A translation of President Aguirre 1s letter is also enclosed. Enclosures: 1. President .Aguirre 's letter returned. 2. Translation of President Aguirre'• letter. 'l'he Preeident, 'l'he Wh1 te House. D rl'ntlollrll I of ftntr " IA"ttrr draflt'd the Pr .. aident. • Santiago, Uayo 2~ Excolent!simo Se"or Franklin D, Roosevelt, Presidents de los Estados Unidos de Norte All~ri ca .- Estimado Presidents y amigo: Puedo asegurarle que todo el pueblo de Chile participa de mis sentimientoe que no pueden ser sino de gratitud por las repetidas manifestaciones de vueetra simpat!a por m1 pa!e. La valiosa ayuda mater ial y moral que tan generosamen te nos prest,eteis con ocasion del terremoto del 2 4 de Ene- ro dltimo,primero; la hon~osa distincion que s1gn1f1ca el ha ber i nvit ado como hu~sped de honor del pueblo norteamerioano a nuestro Mi nistro de Haoienda,despues, y, ahora, la carta tan gentil que me envi,eteie con fecha 15 del presente y que se refiere al decimo aniversario de la union aerea de ambos pa!ees, son gestos que comprometen hondamente el r econocimien to del Gobierno y pueblo chi lenos . Para todo chileno es muy grato est ablecer que paralela rnente con el aoercamiento ma terial que han hecho posible las intrepidas alas de la Aviac1on Comercial norteamer1cana , se ha operado una ~s estrecha vinculacion espiritual entre vuestro pa!s y las de~s Nac1ones de Am~rica , Seguro estoy, tambien, de que la cooperac1on de nuestros conciudadanos desarrollada en el esp!ri tu de cordial confia n za y comprension que ha distinguido vuestra pol!tica, permi tir' la obtenci on de grandee y mutuos benef1c1os en las rela ciones espirituales y comerciales de todos l os pa!ses de Am4! rica, Cordialmente lo ( TIWfSLATI ON) Santiago , May 23, 1939. Hia Exoellenor Franklin D. Rooaevelt, President ot the United Stat es ot Ame r i ca. Eeteemed President and triend: I assure you that all the Chilean people share my sentiments which cannot be other than those ot gratitude tor the repeated maniteatationa ot your sympathy tor ~1 coun t ey, Firat, the valuable material and moral aaeistance which you eo generously aooorded us on the oooaaion ·or the earthquake ot January 24 laet, then the high distinc t i on ehown by inviting our Winiater ot Finance to be the guest ot honor ot the American people, and now rour kind letter ot the 15th !natant referring to the tenth anni veraaey ot the union ot the two countries by air, are actions that merit the profound gratitude ot the Chilean Government and people. It ie very gratity1ng to eveey Chilean to veritr that parallel with the phyei oal proximity whi ch the intrepid winga ot American aviation have made poeeible, there hae been forged a oloeer ep1ritual tie be tween you.· oountey and the other natione ot Alaerioa. I am -2- I am also sure thnt the cooperation or our c1t1tens developed 1n the ap1r1t or cordial conr 1dence and under standing Which has dist i nguished your policy, will permit the attainment or great and mutual benerits in the spiritual and comm ercial relations or all the countriea or Ameri ca . I am cordially P. AGUIRRE CERDA , Re- Letter fr om Amb Bower 1 --Nov 2- 19S9- Santiago, Chili r egarding Chilean politics See 1Sumner Welles folder-Drawer 4- 19&9 U Ol .:a;J. I Tol! 8 I ~ k J F u... JJ ~L:t1' r v.... . LA ru.ctvt. . oo~ober a . 1939. BLOONGRBSO PANAIBRJCUO Df\ .tA VIVIENDA POPULAR CBI~BRO AYER SU SmiON DE CLAUSURA '"""*_lnt,_ de lllllttlWM...... __ pot .. u rdlloo"' r. d-dt Watllinattll CREACION OE UN ORGANI$110 EN BUENO$ AJRU -- .L --_.....,.¥ ...... _ .. -·· DEPARTMENT Of' $TA"R WASHIHOTOH lD repl7~ ro!or \o N o•e~b•r 3. 1939 IO 5!50.3 II l/109 MY dear General fataon: I enoloae •• ot poee1ble lnteroat to the Preaid.ent tbe report of the Honorable Ola~d• o. Bowere, Amb&al&dor to Cblle, ln hla ea~olty aa ObalrrD&n of the Unll:Ocl 8t&tee -delegation to tbe 71ret Pan Aae rlc~ Hou1lng con~ terence held at Bu.enoe AlTO I fro= Oo\ober a to 1 t 1939 . t hrougb a a1~&pprehena1o n Mr. Bowera addreaaed ble I report to the Predde:nt but an a ppropriate a ctnowledg ..nt thereof' bae been aade 1n the Dep&r\.. nt. 91naerely youra, -6 C -m t ~hud l:noloaure: Jl SrlpcUer Q.eneral Ecbr 1n K. nteon, secreta.ry to t be Pntaldtnt, The Yhi te Houae. - ntp;~~rtmrHI of lta tl" • •·•~ IC - f'~ .J EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Santl-so, Chile, Ootobor 17, 1 ~39 Dea r Jlr. Pree14eott 1 have the baoor to •~alt, ber.wltb , reaolutlona adopted. at the Plret Pan- t.mertc&n Houal n.s Conterenee at Buenos Alrea OCtober 2•7, wi th tome obeervatlona on the proceedings an4 tho apirlt ot the meetlnge. The delegate• or the United Statea wert cordially received and the p~otlcl.l e xperience and. character ot tho dologatos, R&,.ond Cahill, c . s . e a14• 1n and s . L. ( '-sone, contrlbut~ areatlJ to tbe preatlge or the dela aatlon. Botb ln go1n.g a nd returning, while p&lll.no tbr ~h Ar~ entlna , functlonarle~ an4 clvll governora Met •• at every station and atop to pay t hetr re~gecta and to orter their aervleos. I • •a de~ta nated to replJ ln be hall of all the dell gatea 1n the convention to th• ad ~asea ot welcOial!!bJ' Seftor Cantllo, the Poret;n Jllnlster. and by Dr. Cattereta, Prealdent of the COnference, who le a cember ot the Ar0 ent1na 6ouae of Deputlea, repre aentLng tbe Conaervattva Party. We we~t a lvtn the plaeo or honor on •~•ry occaalon and on the oecaalon or t he call or the delegatee on Saftor Cantllo I wot al ngled out by him tor ~pecial att ention and be took b11 poe1t1on be aide ~ for the p1cturea t&ken. Throughout the Conference C~ll, Baldwin anQ Teaono were oocatantl7 appealed to tor 1n.ron:at1cn an4 &d.v1ee, baaed on what b&a been done all4 The Honorablt PrUlkl1n· D. Nooaevelt, Weu,h11'\ftCI'I, D. C. l A IR MAIL. • e - and atteapted ln the Unl tad Statoa. And tbougb troa the beginning there ••• a diviaion or ~b· nationa along political and ideologioalllnae, we war~ cultivated by both s i dea and w~r e able to atand aloof fro~ controvar ahl d1violona without coa~proalsing our poaltion with either lido. The firat evidence or a divialon on political or i deol ogical linea came with the announcement or the officer s aelacted by t he Ar gentine coamittee on arrange menta, wblcb designated Dr. Cafterata Preai dent ot t ho Conference, with three vice preai denta ot wbom I waa one, and without recogniti on or Chil o. The Argentine govern- a ant delegatee ware vary conaarvative and repr eaentative or the upper c laeaes, an4 the elate or ott1cers recomm•nd ed i natantly waa challenged by the Chilean chairman, sup ported by the Mexican Ambaasaoor in Suenoo Aires, who headed the l!exlcan delegation, and by Colombia. To pr e vent bad feeling, it posaibla, I s uggeatod pr i vately to the Argentineans that t he Chilean cha i rman be substi tut ed tor me as vice preai dant but t hey refuaad to make the aubsti tut1on. Instead they proposed to add two more vice preeidenta eo aa to i nclude Chile. But the Cblleana insia ted t hat the contor·enca elect l.he vice president& by ballot. This was forced. In conversation with Luciano Kulo&ewak1 , Chairman ot the Chilean Delegation and bead of tho Caja de Seguro Obr ero, be aai d that the purpoae bad been to organ1&e and direct the conference llong reactionary linao and that the Ar~ entine and Brazilian delegates had the •aoci&l mentali ty or the 1870s". Thla aan i a t he eon or grandaon or a Pollab teacher, \ • A IR MAIL - 3 - teacher, who llll.gN.ted to Chile yura eao, and he h&a done good work ln hie poaition i n Chilo. It i a proper to add that hie la the mentality ot t he aoclaliat . The work or t he Contorenca was d i vided between nine coemiaaione, dealing with the Economic, Hygienic, Social, Financial, Architectural and Construct i ve, JUdicial and Legialativa Aapocta, wi th Orbaniam and Housing, with Educati on and with tho Pr ooont State of tho Problem 1n the countries ot America . We aoaignod our d.al ogatoa to the co-iaaione that seemed the l!IOat i mport ant o1nce , with tho commiaaione meeting at tho aa=e t1ao each d~, 1t waa lmpossible to h&•e representa t i on on all, thOUSh Mr. Bdw&J~ TrUeblood or the ~mbaoay in Santiago, was used in delegate capaci ty. Tho aaaign .ents were determined by tho specialitiea or the delegatee and i n acme instance it ••• neceaoary to daaignat o t•o to one co·ID!as 1on . Tbat on Economica cona1derad &&t te.ra that pertained oepocially to the WOJ'k or bot h Cahill and Bald•1n; that on Social Aapact t o the work ot Toaono and Baldwin. Ur. Cahill sorvec! alone on the Finance Com- mi ssion and Teaono alono on Architect ure and Conatruction. 1 aervod on the Executive Commi ttee composed ot tho boado or all the delegations, which concerned 1toolr wholly with tho program or the Conteronco. II It aoon becuo ortdont that t horo were two d1 at1net bloeo in the Contoronce . One wao le¥ by Mox1co an.d Chile, and tho ot her by Argentina and Bra:1l. Tho tight centered in tbe Social comm1so1on on tho relative morita or eolloct1ve and individual houoing, tho Mexicans and Chiloano very oarnootlJ 1noiot1ng on eolloot1vo bouaing, A IR M41L - 4 - and the Argentinean• and Braail ian. Just aa fervently ina1at1.ng on 1nd1vidll&l houatng. With ua or the llortb American delegation the cont eat at rtrat aoe~ed meani ng leu ainee it appeared clear enough that financial, econoa1c and geographical conalderatione :uat be the determining f actor in each country and community, that while 1nd1v1dual houelng ia goo ~ Where practical, it would be prohibitive 1n congeeted lnduatrial cocmunittes and large cl t1ea. lie were finally to reed to the eonclua ton that the a trange conteat wae predicated on tba t~ ory or tba conservatives that It wae polttleally and eociall;r un~ea irable that large numbera or worket·a be thrown cloae together where they could talk over their t grlevaneea a~ possibly conapire. Indeed one conserva tive referred darkly to the collective houelng in Ylenna and the convereton or the houeea t here into torts. Tbe bead or the Brazilian delegation when praaeed by me to uplAl.n the t•eaoon tor ao much t1ght1ng on the ki nd of housing, aald that the objection to collective boualng la that it would lead to " prom ia cut ~. When I amiled ~amazement be stoutly added: "It would never do in Brazil". There la no doubt however that tba cleavage waa pelitic&! and ideological. III llhile the debate waa dragging on on th1a subJect a declaration wae handed our delegation to the effect that ona or tho aolut1ons or the problem or proper hab1tat1ona woa the paying or wagea permitting t he worker to live in a decent mann.r 1n barmen~ with tne dign1t;r of man . I t ~ ---... .. ); ~ ll j:. A IR MAIL - 5 - It waa signed by tbe Chileans, tbe ll!e:xlcana, the Colo•• bit.na, the Pane.e.niana a.nd tba Cubaruo . I i nterpreted tbh •• well w1 thln tho los1ti.,. to concluaiona ot the Conterenco, t.nd 1n vlew or our own national position, I could aee no juet1t1cation tor r etualna our s ignature. Tbe effect aoon was aeen when tbe Argentineans, supported by the Brao111ana and the conservative group, aubmitted their sot or reaolut iona 1n wh ich, while lnoistlna on individual housi ng, they, too, inserted a declaration that the workers should be paid a minimum wage that would permit thea t o li•e decentl y. Tbia unan1.aua declaration ot al l the Acerican Republ ica in f avor or wages tor workera 1n keepi.na with t a human standard ot liYing, 1n ~ Ju4go~ent, waa the moat important position taken during the Conference, and i n moat South American Repuhlice it may well be deecribed as almost revolutionary. That which impreaaed me most in the undercurrent ot the Conference wae the indication that the moot o:xtreme conaervat1vea now believe that decent houatno tor tho workers means aoo1al ••curlt y and otabillty tor tbe atate, and that the problem cannot bo lightly d1amissod but must be tackled wh.en neceaeary by tbe etate 1teolt. There woro two element e in the Contorenoo but both aoemed in agreecent on tbla - one bocauae it 1a tho workOra right, the other because policy decreoe it. When tho vote !"lnally waa roaobed on 1nd1v1du~l and collective houaing, •• submitted the tollowtna state=ent in explanation or our inab ility to vote ror either one to the exclusion or the othera Tho A IR M AIL. - 6 - •The ~•legation repreeentlng the Oovern•ent or t he Unit ed Statea wlabeo to make c lear ito position regarding the dloouoolon about the con struction or collective or private bouaea. In tho United Statoa both oyotema or conotructlon have boon c arried out by public and private entor prieoe . Thie baa been baaed only on economic and practical roaaons. In the work carried out tor the dieappearance ot ten.. enta, which would neoees1tate tbe cona t ruet1on ot pri ..te and collective bou.eea, it baa been cooeider ed neeeeeary trom the eocial point or view, to contribute to the development or the type or houaea wh ich permit tho reaidenta to enJoy educa t ional advantages, ouch ae librarleo, nura1ng cllnlca, phyalciana, and outdoor playground., etc. It ie conaidered that such racilltioa and ad vantages will greatly eootributeto the pbyaic ~ l , public and economic de velopm.ent of people ot limited reaourcea. If t he proJecte are well planned, these requlremonta mar be reali&ed whether the ayetem or private bouaea or oollectlv• bous ea ~ rollowod.• IV t Throughout the Contaronco t he delegation or the United Statoe was t reated with marked deference, due to a realit a tion that we have a ttacked the boueing problem more aggree slvelJ and on a larger aeale t han elsewhere; and i t wae clear that in all matter• of controveray both s idea wore eager ror our support. On controvoraial matters on which we did not feel autboriaad to take a position it waa pos sible to satiety both aides, concerning our reason, by frank explanations in conversa tions. We were taken on a tour ot the housing proJects in Buonoa Aires, oomo da ting back t' itteen years. First we wore ahown eo,.. individual houalng projects. Theao were amall , substantially built t wo story cottasea with proper sanitat ion, light and air, and with back yordo or gardena. However the rental waa beyond the capacity ot the worker. Later we were abown a largo apart.ent houae with auiteo or five end aix rooms, aa comfortable and a ttractive.. AIR MAIL • 7 • aa tM &vtt-A.gt apartment bouae 1n ••• York Clt7 , but the rental here ••• beyond the reach ot the worker, &nd, in r aot, thla apart~n~ boUle, • •• pr1a•r1ly tor auper annuat ed o1v11 ••~•anta or tte w1dowa or orrtcers. 'l'hua t J"rA houo1ng projec.ta of Buenoe A1rea a re tor the ••bltt collar• workore oalltd, by tbe Argentlntltl.l •e~lo yeee• t o aeparate the• rro. tbe •workera•, and not tor tbe•workera• wbo molt 4eaperatelr &re ln rt 6d or be tter houe1og. ~he Ch1leana, on the other band, •~ oo04tnt~t1ng on b0ua1na tor workera who are 1n moet 4eeperate need or lt. !be moat pretent1oua houa~ proJect abown ua waa the elx atot"y apartment houoo ot cemont and atoel erected. b7 the Soclal1ata tJnlon. Jlere the apartments are &ttr&ct1ve. near- ins comple t1on. Evon her e however tho renta~ 1a berond the reaeh or tbe avtras• worker and the explanat ion o lveo M la not w1 tbout ita a1&n.1tleanoe . It aee-a that the hou81ng project• or private ageno1ee aponaored by the Gov ernment get l oane at three per cont. but that tht Soel&llat 11n1on &uet p&J ai.x per oent IJ"'d tbua 1ncroeaeea tho cost or the apartments. v One or tbe E.Ott s1gnlf1C &nt features ot the Conl'erenee oona1at1ng or people not deal e nttted by the Oovemment•. but deeply 1ntereate4 1n houa1na. •• 1uoh •• aoclal workers . These were all Arnent1ntiJ\I troa all parta o't the Republlo • .nd they lmpreaaed me •• rar .ore deepl7 in earneat about houa· • AIR M AIL. -.- 1ng than the ao•ernment al deleaatee, an~ much leaa oon eorvat1Te •• to eet:')()da. t'h.e7 t ook part ln tbt dleouaalona and were trequontl7 ebarp lJ orltlcal or t~ poa1t1on or the Aroentlne loveraaont dele;at ea . At t l eea the7 became a probl••· That tbey ~ad ettoct on tho ottlc1Al 4olo&ot1on I have no doubt, roro1na thom to a aoro l lboral poaltlort than the7 otherwla e wonl4 have aasu.ed . Their preaence and the ir attitude Lndtca te t hat outa lde orttotal cl rel•• there are energettG torcoe w~rk1ng toward bettor houatng tor th• worker e ln Araent1na . Vl Becauae vartou• reaolut1ona, oapeetally troo tbo ~lna nc e CO~aelon, provided ror meaourea and met hode entirely l nco~ patlble witb our pol1olea and methoda, our 4oleaat1on epon aored a qual1ty1ns r.aolut lon to the et t ect t hat theao deo111ona reached i n the reaol ution.a ahould be applicable 1n the Y&rtous cou.n tr1ta t o the extent only thAt they a.r e COI'UilJttnt with the l awa aocl euJ to.~U of the 41t'ferent nat lone . 'fie wer. •.P.Pro&Cbtd w1tb the proposal tht.t the next oonterenco be hold 1n the Un1te4 Statee .ad with the aa eurance tb&t t b1a • • • tbe doe1re or al l the countri oo 1'-p., v rep~aonte d l n the Con ference. We could onl, reply that ' I we bad no lnatrua.tlona coveri ng the po1.nt and coul d not tn consequence extend a tormal 1nvit&tt on, but that ebould tb.o United St.at oa be choJen 1t would be a coapll •n·t a ppreo1ate4 . washington waa W1an1moualy oboson . The Argent1neana aponaored a r eaolutton prov·1d1ng tor the eatabl i ahmont of a pe~en t Pan · ~ rlo an boualng comalttoe, with h eadquarter• at Buono • Alrea, to carry A I" MAIL - g - forward the wor'k or the Conference aM to tao111t ate an exchange ot vtewt on housing problema . It wae auaaeated / to our d elegation Wt tloce the Pe.n-J.Mrloan Union had. headqua.rtera 1n Wubin&ton it would be well to h ave the o011al tteo atat1onec1 1n 'laeh1n.gton . Rowover 1n view or the A.rgent1M d.ea1re to have tbe ooanittee in Buanoa Alrea • • did. not ca N to make a.tt. 1a a~ and. ao • • aoc opt e~ the d ea l g natl on provided 1n the Argenti ne roaolut1on . Howevor th1a question 11 to be preaentod to tho reapectivo republica tb.ro"Sh cllplo:.at lG Oh&nnelo. VII WbJle there ••• aucb idle d1acuse 1on that l ead no- t wh.ere, over non-oaeont1ale, and porhapa not a great deal a ctuall7 was aocompllehed, I am persuaded that tb1a Con· terence h.ae •de hletory. on a contintot wbero tbe bousl.ng condlttona or t ho maaae a 1a p1t1tully alterable lt has aw~ened a publ1e 1ntoroet 1n bettor houa1ng tor the cit y and r ural wo rkers . The preaa ot Buenos .Ur.a reported. t:he pro ~ ceed1nge tully along with editorials ot a aympathet1c nAtUTe, and Gpec1al art loloa. Tho Aroent1ne Covern1ent laoued • apec!al poatage at ~p in honor or tho ••ent. There aeozed to be a general reall&at1on that gover~nta 1n South America c unnot atand a loof t r oo reaponelb111ty 1n th6 aolutlon or the proble• or houetno tor the • orlct q aaaaes, and that docent boualng ••e.n• bea.ltbier, stronger people. a.nd that money apont on housing proJects l a monoy spent on eoolal aeour1ty. This 11 eoaot hlng new 1~ tbeao r oglona. And the unan1aous declaration on ll•tng • AB•• waa little lese t han rovolut 1om•ry on t hl a continent. I ' Alit M AIL ,,' - 10 - I noted, t oo, a ap1r1t or rtvalr, ..ona thete nat tonA •• to wh ich bae done the moat i n houatns. and th• oontlnua· t1on ot t~•• conrerencea wi l l ten4 to tba rpen t hla r1valrJ an4 l ead to goocl . I am encl otlJ\; •• pa rt or thl• repor-t the aoet important or the re~olutlona adopted. By boat pouoh I eball eend t he pr.a a o ll ppl~a, o41tor1ala and auoh oth•r aate rla l • • m&J &1•• a coaplete ploture oc what was done &nd a ttoopted . I c annot over e:~phaal&e the s ood \epreaslon Ndo on e ver,one b7 our bavlna on the delegation a~ob competent expert• Ln their l l ne as Cllh l l l , Baldwin and Teaono who conata.ntly wore aaked ror i ntomtatlon on what naa been and. b be1ng done in t the 'Onl ted Sta toa . Reapoctrull y yours , CJP •• •N~ Chatnaan AI" M AIL r 'l'lUIISUTIOII Ninth Coll:lliooion Preeont otato or tho problem in Amorioo Conoluaiona (l) TM Cont oronoo oouoidore tbat tho conatruotion, a14od by t bl S tate • ot dw lllnga t or urba.n an d rural workman and tor public and pri • ate -.ployooo ie ot •itol ~rtanco to ~he countriea or Amerioa. (2) 'l'bo Contoronoo roc-nda the rooterine or thooe oon at.ruotiona aa an i.ncUapenaabla ••an• or oonaer•ina the aooial order in tbt nationa and •• the beat e l ement to raiae the cultura l and aoral ltYel ot t.hoae who will be bonotitted. (~) In or4ar to 4o•olop tbio program thoro 1• reoo~on4od the eettlng up ot oant.ral orgui r.atlona, en4owed w1 th aurtioient oapi tal b;r t ho State to 4iroot tho work in tho eDtlre country, and whioh wUl re oe1" the conulbut1ona or tho mun1o1po l1t1eo and aootional go•ernmanta. (4 ) J'or tho e4Juclgloent or the popular houa01 , tho ooe.lo ot waa.•• auat be taken 1Dto aoco\lDt 1u or (G) lA order to gi ,_ an ettective do,.lopc.nt to t hia work, no~ only ahoul4 the reaouroea ot ~h• •~a te be uaed, but alao t ho inat1tutioca charged wi~ 1t ehould make uee or credit, (6) lD order to keep theee 1Aetitutiooa non polit ical, 1t 1o edvioable t ha t private entities teko part in ita conot1tu tioc. (7) !he constr uct ion ot houaea through individuel initiative, ehould be atiaulate d and aided, and maana neoeaaary tor it. t urniebod, (8) '!llo o'!>ll&atlon auat be U.poud on bueineaa orsani:.atioM to contribute in aooor4anoe wi th tbeir eb111tlea, to help their personnel acquire bou.ea. (t) Tho a.cunta Which tb& worker& contract ea debt& tor aoqulrlns thei r bouata , ahould be turned into cash, not only 1A order that they lend • aroater aervico throUgh rotation; but alao to maintaiA t ho commercial =orality batwoon thoae ao ta.Tored. (10) I t h necoaaary to ul (l.ll) • AIR MAIL ' (l2) Lite Inouranot or tbo dtb\oro, doot1aa4 to troa tho aortga&ed property, io oonoi4ere4 •• an indiopenoablo olo,...nt 1D the bu..llding or the popular 4welllD&• (13) OOvern:enta obou.14 otimulato private 1Ditietive, exaainlas \be taxea and contrlb~t iona to the ant1t1ea ooo~p1e4 1D tbia aooial work, s1•1ns thea •••rr k1a4 ot raoility. We hope t bat tbe canclua 1ona and reoa.:ac4at1ona whioh art glvon abovo aay daaorve & t avorablo reception by tho Conterenoe a1noe tbtJ .ay ao well be 4aduoad tram tbl particular oaao ot Co lombia, aa waa DOted i n thlo writing. Tbororore, undorotandlng tto i 41oorooraay or the south American countries, and thro~ the 4ata Whick .. baTe boon able to obtain, l 1 ko problema era to be oonte~l&tad 1n all countr1ea ao tba~ the adoption ot the racommenda tloca, with tho aodltio&tiono wbioh in eaoh oaoo augsoat a ai44le oouraa, ean be adopted by all ~• coun~r1ea. Le6n Bugnot Proaidont OO''ISIOll IIOVJ:IIA C 0 N 0 L U S I 0 N I! s.- 1~ 1) LO c~nte r enc1c conaldero de vltcl inportnnciu pnrn loe pn£1e' de A~rtoa la oonatrucc16n tnvoreoido po~ el r.otndo, de,vtv1endaa pd ra loa obr6ro.s ur'banoa v rural•• v pn.rn lo.a enoleadoa publloot Y p~ t vadoe.- 2 ) tJa ccnterenoia reconienda el ~ nento d.o e•to.a cons truooiMOI!I co mo .edl o i ndiepen• able pnra oon~ervar ~1 6rden eoolal en lea nuatcnea 1 oo~ tl mejon elo~ nt n pnra leVnntnr el nlvol culturBl y ~ora l ~~ 1o• ravorec i doa i ~ ,, parn deaarrollnr eatfi proE;rnna ae :-ocomt onda J.B oonstitu c·~n do or~anta~a centrale• doto.doa de cc..,i t.nl stiftoionte co:- ol r.atac1 c;.•.:a cUrljan loa la.borea en todo el pofa y que rociba.n ln. con';rlb•.ocil... ~• loe eunlotpt os T ~oblernoa s ocolonale• ~- 4l ~ra lc ndjud!oao16n de laa ~aaoa popul~roa ae deho tenor Jn J ouent.o. la. eacalo. de aalnr1oe, oon 1 fin do f'IO rnvo.1• ttl btJnof 1t.i n ~tt oon eumos ma.vot"e& de nquellne 6) onro. rr.antener eato.s inatituo1Cnes alo lndna de 1a pal!t1CA os aconaejoble que en au oonetltuo16n 1ntervo~nn ont:dade~ ~tt~ulA; e3 71 Ddbo eat1cula~ ae y rovoreoerae la con: truoctr n de oaera de ln ~ c1ot vo 1nd1v1dua l de los ~1•noa 1n toreandoe, raol~it~ndole & lc- M& dl oa noceearloa pnr4 ello.- 8) Debe 1mPOnerao a los empr oao r1 c~ ln obllp.A~16 n de oon~~tb ~l t Ut aouordo OO['I eua oupnotdndea pcro. fut111~nr- lc n<1qu eu per-•onal . - t.s1ci6n Go vt\ca:s 11. 9) oeben hncerae ereotlvoa l ot aerv\oioa db las deudao ~ue '0' ~2- bn1adorae oontra~an para la ad~uta161cn de ou• oaaar ~te pnr n o ~ loa reoursoe en ellaa ln~rt1Jo• pz•eaten oaycr se:--v~e{ " pot l"l.tcllo ..:.e l a rotoo16n, oo:no pcu-o. oantener ln otadoa . - moro.lid&.d oonm·o1r.l ezr.:ro 'o• ,.lt~ll 10) 'F.• pr eQla o hnoor unn cnrnpof'ltl ln~•tn.!n do pf',,pngttndo. c.o:1 •l !'i:, de llevor al lin1mo de tOdos loa cJ.udn:!o.no& l.o neo ... oia.nd du ro .. on el doaorrollo de ln oaan populur.- 'lc-rn. .. lll Uta 1nat1tuo1onea de c r6dito .;te tod.oa lo.' pa.!.ae& dP'Mn .,~ .. "'1 ... on •• a l!"':oortnnte ob ra v debe llou•. rae nl C?nvel"~!mtcn-;o do 1 · pt t a ltatca lo obl1gaol 6n en quo uat..An de mejorn:o ltll t ondteiondr ""'1 4..a .. oloaoe 1nter1or ea oomo rr.edida dB IOf\Ur!dnd aootnl .. • 12) Rl eeAur o do vidn de loa doudoa dcat!nndo n l ibortc~ 1~ f'r Q h1 ooteondn, se oonatderll. como el~1!tento ind1apunJ&bl o en 1a vhr.:l 4'!• l vtviendc poou.llir . - • n l~) to• gob1eJ noe d6ben eetlnulur ln 1:~1- e l ntlvA atrLlc\olf\r xtlll\lo- Oo de htp'Uea toa .~ • contr1buc1onea 1 laa .,n~14"•toa (lUI :u• "'ccu,.... n' ~~ •• · ,. pbra a octal y do.ndolta t octo elate de ~lllc 1:.1f! ,u1o .t.- ... E&perrunoa que lo.a conolusi onea ;1 r ocofl(1!1Uno1onoa -. A IR M AIL fr&ntla tlon ' Soolal MP'O\ Conalyloa t ~~~ lt b e lett to the eppro'fe_l or tbe Statea to 4et 1na th t 1r oonotption or the popular dwelling in tbe1r reapacti .. OOWltrlea. (a) The Congreaa oont14era that tha problem ot the popular dwelli~g ahould be aol.ed, preterabl7 •••kine the conetruotlon ot 1n41Y14ual dwell1DS• the ownerahlp ot whlob aay be acquired by the workinca-n (eaployeea or leborera ) and cay oonatltute taaily ) ro~e r ty (or tbe pnrimony or a raa.tly) , (b) In caaea where aoonc:alc or urbuJ.atlc reaaoaa do cot perait lt. tbe ool l e otl.e dwelling aer be ohoeen , but i n a~ob oaaea the greateat independence tor eaoh toaU y aholll.4 bo oooo14ore4. (e) It la the keen 4ea1re or the consre•• that tbe 41ttereut oountriea repreaente4 1D it exaaine the uraent pooo1b1l1ty ot t 1x1Dg a miolaua taally wage tor the laborere end e~loyeea in order that t hey may be eoonomicellt a~l• to ao~utre \helr dwelllnga as the1r own property. Bol1 •1e 1 Brazil, Colocble , Paragu4Y, Venezuela , U't'tagUay, louador, HA1t 1 , 1Uo&rag\la, Costa Rica, !oDdurea , Argentina, ttnlted Statee, Peru. (d) That i n order not to dete•t the purpoaea aoucbt w1t.h the lnd1Y1dual and aelt-owne4 4wl.l..1ng, lite insurance abould be proaure4, wbioh take• toto oon,14erat1on tbt d!e appe ara.noe at the head or the faaily and the 1M.ed1ate taki.na or AIR MAIL -2- ot poaaeaaioa by the widow . and thereby al ao tbe toundins ot a coa:plete and national ayet.e.m ot aooill. 1naura.nce i n order to meet the emersenoiea which tbe laborer or modeat omploroo mlsht be oontron t.d w1 tb. (o) 'l'h adequate lodsi.ngs i.n agr a tJ~ent with the oo:mmon norma ot hygiene, botb pbyaloal an4 coral, tor tbe bome or the work ins-eo's tamily; --llkewiae it reo~enda a~ply ing the aame crit er ion to 1nduatry lu general. (f) ~e Congreoo would bo pleaood it the etatee wh1eb poeaoaa goTernment-ownad landl , aud Whoae tranatoronco to pr1Tate ownerahip 1a being eatabliaho4 in • alow manner, that they ahoal d st1pulate to tboao b••lns already eatab· liehed oonoeasiona in thou, the measures in order to aaaure tor them a comtortablet hygienic and economic dwellins. (g) The Pan American Rousing Congreaa understands tbat i t ia a duty or the atatea to intervene directl y in tho t1nano1ns or the 4wollins or that par ~ or ~he people whoso tam.il y bu46oto al1onoto ~em trom tho poas1b111ty or get ting the hou.e aa t heir own property , said i nter vention be1ns considered .. a baaio tunotlon or 50o1a1 order without thia interTentlon obatruot tng the noceaearr and uaetul parts ot the other raotora t hat enter into tbe aolution or the probl em ot the pop·ula:r dwelling aa being 1n .substance : cooperatives, and pri •ate aaa!atanoe. (b) AIR M AIL -3- / (b) ~ Clra t Pan Aaerloan Houalns Oontaranoa rococconda t.he holding or oonterenoea oe Natlona.l ooaareaua ot the popUlar dwol linge 1n order to advlaa the aanctlonins of oonoordant and complementary lawa whiob per.!t t be oarrrins out ot the ideal or tbe econoalc, urban &act rural dwelling. (1 l !!lo C<>ngroaa bopoo t hat building lnatituUona auob aa tbe A.rgeoUne Ra1l.roa4 lllpl07111 ho.ea proJeot. 'tltloM ruUlts give Caltb 1n what 1o sol.Da to Collow 1n t ho organl- 1atlon, ~Y become general 1n !Merica. It reoosnizee tbot the greatoat guarantee ot auoceaa 1n tho organization or t ho kind of Argentine Railroad Houa1ng ProJect, 1a in l1.t! 1nauryce ae &n auxU1a.ry guarut.e ot t.he loa.na u4 at tho ace tille u elecent ot aooial aid. to the tt.a1llea ot t.he borrowera, 1n the caae ot the 4eatb ot 1naure 4. (J) Tbo Congrooo, oonoidorlng tbot i t ia a pri=al duty ot •ooiety to watob over tbe moral and pbyaioal upbringing or tho child or tho working mother during tho bouro when abo 1a e.t '-'Orlt, would b e pleuec1 to ••• tbe ata~oa 1ntone1ty their action in t a•or ot the oreatlou ot nuraer1ea, sar4ona t or 1D.tant1 aDd. ol\lba tor children ot aohool age , toraeeing their oonatruo~1on, ln pl&n:in& tba workinsa•n'• d.latrleta. Dea1rab0.1'- 111 t ba oaaa that collaotl•• bouaea mu.at be b~llt , that the ~•• ot patloa an4 garden• ror obilOroo, be aubJeot to the •1&1lance o r people ot tho temal• eox ot ~11alifiod IIIDrality an4 titnooo. DeairabilltJ t hat tho ada.lnlotratift organ1zaUona 1n oharse of t bo adju4put ot suitable popular r ..i teno.. . eat&blleh tor tbe a&ae a regice wblob •••~•• t bat benetit oopociallY to larso taml liea and famlliea with obildren under 14. Tbat AIR M AIL -~- 1h1t cammlee1one be oreate4 o t control and aooial aid whiob bon ohar&t or tbe roraatloa or rnoa an4 r111D$ eyetema, rtg1ster1na the duly etudled antecedent• o r the atp1ranta to tbo btntt1ta wbloh the reapeoti._ l awe accord. 'that coaaieelona be ttto up w1 th peraona ot raoogn1%.ed abil-ity an~ altrulaa to oar;rr on, ad honoru, the poait lona before &entloned, 1n order to r es W.att properlr t be funo t1on1na or tbeee ooamiaalona. (Jc) '!be Firat Pan .t.morloan Ho~te lng CoDteroaco reooc::.n4.a Ute holcUn& ot eo·nrerenoea a. national oongreaaea ot t bo popular 4woll1na 1n or4er to adYlae the paaalng or lewa Wbi cb aro oonoordant and complementary t ·o ptrai t the oarrring out or tbe ideal ot the economic urban and rural dnll1ns. Rtlll.utloo The tirat Pan Amer ican Boua1ng Congreaa recommenda: That eaob workingman'• diatrict, each aroup or oheeplJ price d.. 4well1n&•. whe ther o~oaed. or pri n.te o.r oolleotiwe houaea. either pr1Tately owned or recte4, .uat bo tlll"Diahod wlt.b tho 1nattllot1ona to aid ...,dloo.lly, aoc1ally. culturally, and in r ecreation. State:;ent A statement ot the North American Delagation in reterence to 1te poe1t1on regardln& the conatruotlon ot oolleotlve or pr1Yato houaea: The del egation representing t he Gonrnment ot the llll1 t od Statea wlahu to alee olaer 1 ts position rogardlng the dlaouas.ion about th8 eonatruotton ot oolleot!Ye (multipl e l or prlnte h o~t ..e. ID the United Stotos both typee ot conetruot1on haTe been oarr1e4 ou ~ by public and pr1Yate onte:rprlooa. Tb!o posltlon boo been baaod oDly upon - A IR MAIL -s- upon economic and. tinanoi al reaaona . In t he work: oa,rri ed out t or the diaappeerance or t e nements , which would ne oeaaltate the conatruotion ot pr1Yate and col leotl.e bouaes , it ha• been cona1dere4 neoe• aary trom the aoo1a l point ot view to contribute to the development or t he typo ot houaea which permit the r ealdenta to eaJoy eduoational advantaae a aucb aa librari es , nursery ol1nioa, ph.yaioi ana and outdoor pl aygrounds and etc., acd other types ot 1not1tut1ona. It 1o oaoo1dor od that ouch rao111t1oo and advantagea will greatly contribute to t bl!l pbyaical,_, n;entel and economical d e ve lo p~en t ct people or l1m1ted resouroea. It the projects are woll•p.l anned, theae requirements may be real i zed whether the ayatem or private bouaea or collective boueea 1a followed. FlUJl CISCO Q!J.lR03lUJl Pl'oo1dont I CO~CLUS IONt:s • ~~D quodo o La opreoloo16n do loo Rat•doa ol deflntr ol con ooQtO de v1v tenda oopulo. r en aua reapeotl•o• ,.taet. " a)- El congroao oonaidera quo al prohl&~n de ln v lv1 ~nda po ~ pulor O&he aoluotonura& bueoondo de pr ef&renc1n ln oonatruco16n de vt v tendna lnd1v 1dua lea ouvn pr optodnd puadn sor lldqu trtda por• los t r •• ~J~~p~ a 0 (J8 ~'~••oA y ob roros ) y const1tu1dn on blen do fnml l tn (o pntrlmonto dO t om1t 1o) . - b ) - En l ea caeo 1 cp e por r nz.onea eoon6;,toaa o u r ha.n! at leal n no lo permitan, podr' optar se por ln vlvlendn ooleotlva: pero en talea oaaoa deber4 oontemplarae la ~vor lndependenola parn eAda tAM!lta. - c)- E• un deaeo vehe~ente del conrrvao ~ue los dlatlntoa !tea pt {aet en '1 ~preaentadoe , oonte~plen lu poe1b1114nd urgente do tljar un aalarlo ~\nlmo ran111er ~ r n loa obreroa v u~pleodoa , oon el lin dt ponerloa en oapac1dad aoon6m1oa de adqu1r1r au v1v1c ndn en propledu~ . - ~OLIVIA - ~RA S IL- COLOJI"IA - •ATt•,O'IAY- V'lllr."l''lf.A URUOIIA Y· F.CUADOR- IIAI'T'I- IIIOAJJAOUA- cos~A RICA llO.~DIJRAS- AROP.NTINA- r:S'!'AilOS mJinOO - Y PF.RU- d)- Q~• para no dofraudnr los f1nos poraoguldos con la vtvteo da 1nd1v lduo.l y propla, dobe procurnreo el aesuro do vida que oont.dmple 1a dosaporlc16n dol jete de Lo faotlta y ln poao•I6ri tnmOdleto para lo vluda, est como tot"!blen le rundac16n de un Jl ate:u eono1eto y n o\onal de aeguroa aoolalee , Pftr& arrontar las contlnr.onotaa a quo pueda vera• obocado el obrero o modeat o e~ple~do .- e)- gl o'n~ro eo varia con o.~~ ndo ~ ~ loa Bs ta~os 1ncor oo~en, con car acter de derecho pdblico soei•l ' rr~ nunc1ablo 1 c sue raeprot1- vos leA1s luc1onoa , el no oonsent1r la pobluo16n o explotac16n o.r.ro.r la g&nador a sino deeouea de oomprobada. le pr ov1t\ dltpos lo16n do alo,1Mnltn toa ndeoundoa de aouordo oon las normhJJ oomuno,e de hlgi ene fiaicu y mo r al , onl"a ho~a. r do lo rom11 1u obrera.- /\11&1er~o , l"eoof!liendfl opllco.z• 1RU&l criteria pora ln 1ndus trifl en general . - !)- El Cobg:Wao ve ria con arrndo quo loa Rstadoa, quo poeuen t\.erraa flscal.ea v cuva trenaferencla £\1 don1n1.o pnlvndo se roal1£a en forma lenta, arbltren 1 loa concee1onnr1oa on ellaa establec1dce , lo1 c&dlo.s no_c• aarloe no~a asep;urarlea v1v1onda o6mocta , hlf:! enicu v ec6n6r:>!ca .- g} .Bl Congre a ~ P&namerlcano de la vtvienda Popular ent1end& que es on deber de lo• r.atndos , 1nterventr dlroctanente en lc f1nnnoia c16n de 18 vlvten4o de oquollo porte de ln poblno16n cuvos proaupues t~s fn~llta ~ea laa a1e1~n de la poa1b1l1dod de nloonr.ar ln ~nsa en pr~- P1!'!"6 'iC (I~ 1G&r•udo 61cha 1ntervenc16n oomo runoi 6n b&slco de orden eoolo , sin... ue oeto. lntorvenc16n obsta n lo nooOBt\1' 16 y 6:1.11 dtt loe dem6a teotor ee que ontran en lu s oluo16n del pr oblem» de 1n v1v londa popular como s er : el ooopero.tl•! Umo y lo. na1atono1n prt.. • .od» . - h)- El Primer Congreso Po.nar::llr 1onno de lA vtvlend.e. Populnr recoMtonea la oelebraG16n de conferenctaa o qOnKr eeoa nac l on~lea Je 1~ vlvtenoa pooular, n.ra aconae1ar la t nno16n de leTQs conoo~dLntet y ooeplee:.ent.artaa que oer:itan lleva.r a la F6ot1ca el tdeal de le •1- vlenda econ6=1ca , urbana y rurAl . - 1) Bl leong re a~~o htce votoa per quo ae ~onentllcen en Adr1Ja tn.atltuotonee eatrUGtut-adoa cual lo ea el Hornr Ftrrovlfll'lo Arf)tnt1no ouvoa r e•ultadoa don rf do lo eoertado de au or~nntzac 1 6n .- Reconocti que la. ma-vor garnnt!tl del ~xl to en 1a orfton1zu• c1onea de indole del Hos.or F8l")'OV1or1o J~orRontino , r nd1C\n en el ae .. F,Aro.nt.{a auxlllar de loa pl•ttitornot , n 1n ve& que O'fo oooi o.l a loa t'o.m1l1na Oo loa J)J'eetotal"'Loe en coso do muerte del ns ~ rudo .- j\- V.l C " "P,.I~ o~l ~ •rG ftn~ ~ue t 3 un prlm~ r ~ l al ~ ebor ~~ l~ ooola~od volar por 11 dtoar rollo ~ral 7 r 1oloo del h l jo de lo rr.dro obrero dUr ante 141 horal en cp e 6ato. ou.mple o.on w t r abaJo, ver{a l'C' n ,.Arado qJ.e loa P.stad.oa dt A=6r1ca 1ntenaltlquen eu acc16n en ravo:- de la creaot6n d.• aalaa dunas, de jord1nea de lnfcu:tea v de cluba de nt fto a en td&d eaoolar, pr avtendo eu oont truoc16n al planeor los bar r 101 obreroe. - convent enct a , en el onso de que d~ bnn haoer t e onan ooleott vnt de que t l uao de pattoa y jor cHnOI ))OrA nlnoa oat6 ou.1oto • lt\ v1Ri lano1a de per aonaa de aoxo femonlno do ol llf londn mor el o l~one l- dod.- COrtventenota de que loa Ol'"ganhnoa adm1nhtr at1voa que tie .. nen a au cargo la adjudtcact6n de vtviendaa popular ea odeouada• eata blezoan pe.r a la aliN un r' st~n que lltf;ure dloho benet tc1o ttiPtOtat... conte a loa tamllta• nuc.roaaa 1 eon h1Joa =enoree de eato~e aHoa .- Qe e •• oreen com11 1onea de control 7 de ayuda aoo1al, que tenftan a au oar~o lo tor::oo16n de legajoa ., t1cheroa en lea q.: e •• re giltren ant ecedent•• dtb1<1nmente eatudtodoa de los a ~ p1J'int• • a 101 bl nofl oice q,ue aouerd~n ln1 leves respecttva• .. - Qa a ae oonstltuynn oom1stonea con poraonos de ~ eoonoolda oompetenot a y altruhmo par-a desempef\o.J' nd honoro n l~ co. rogoa nnteo mendlonudos .- RttRlamentnr debidamente el funotonamlento d& esoe oo~l a lones,- k )- El Pr!MOr conercso J&nnmer!oono de la V!v!enda Popull>r recomienda la celebroot6n de oonferenoiaa o oo~reaos nact onolea de lo v tvte.nda potllt.r, PA~"• aooneejar la aar.ot6n de leyea conco.rdontea v oocple::ent.o.rlaa que permltan lievar a la pr6ctlca el ideal de la vtvtendo eeon6mtoa, urbana y rural.- V 0 T 0 . - El Pr i tm r COnijJ' OSO PnnnmoJ• ionno de lr\ V lv !endll Sopulor reconlcndo, : ~,.'8 tod"' burrladn obrern , t odo oonjunto de v1viendna bflr& tae, ys sea ~puesta por co.sns 1ndtvtdunlua o colcetivns, proplaa o de a]qullor, debe eater co~pletada con las 1netalac1ones de nataten ct a a6atoi 1 soo1al, cultural y deporttvt. DF.CLARACION DRCLARACIOll DE U ORIF.OACIOll 'IOR'l'r~ f,lf)!lfiCI !It >:n LO RF.FF.RE!l'">: A S" POO IClOll llll r.11AliTO A II• CONSTR11CCt~l Ill": CASAS OOL'lC'I'IVAS 0 I11JlTVIJ'tiA1 Lilli to Delogac16n que r aprusent n el Oob1er no do loa r.atndoa un ldoe ~ qutere nelaror au poDte16n r espeoto 4 lt\ dlacuatOn sQbre lo con•truoc16n de oa.aat oolc otlvas (multlplea) o lndlvlduoles. r.n lOB i a tsdoa untdos ombot ttpoa de con•truoo16n hAn 1ldo llevados a oebo Qc• ecpresa pUblicae o portlc\ll& rea .. r.eta aotltUd no ho. atdo haaada e tno en ra~onea econ6~caa v flnanclstaa . rn la obra llevad~ a caho para la desapartel6n de ccnvent!llos, que involucra la construoot6n de ceae tndlYldUaloe y coleotlvas, se ha cretdo neaeaarlo deade e! punto de ctatd aoctal, contrlbulr nl dea•rrollo de nq,uel!na caaaa ~ que p:ermiten A !lUI t>&tldent&a SOZ.A.t' de, Ventl\,181 •c1uaatlV4SCO" I have bad a hectic timB since coming here, first with the innumerable calla and oounteroalle of courtesy, the cere~~~oniea , four or five speeches etc, and two weelce in Beunos Aires where the President aent me to head the American delegation to the Firat Pt.n-.American Houaing Conference before I had been here three weekao At Beunoa .Urea I made the speech at the opening meeting replyi.ng on behalf of all the visiting del egatee to t he address of welcome from the Prima liinister, and recently here I apoke at a banquet in "'¥ honor attended by all the Government, by &11 the leadera of all the parties, journ.llliats, bt.nkers, business men, etc., and apeaking on the new Latin AmeriCAn policy immensel y pleased the crowd. It was on ita f eet cheering when I closed, and, contrary to t he ouatom here, the paper• ran laudatory editorials and diplomats of other Latin-American countri es aent copies to their oht.nceries, LDd I was deluged with letters from leading figures here eaying it was t he ~st a1noere-sounding interpretation they bad heard. But I note that there ia not ao much as a mantion in the .Americt.n press. Bo- hnm, whets the use. The war has eettled the iuue of the next convention unleu Roosevelt positively refUaee to run. If he rune he will be elected. If he doee not and some one like lloNutt ie n who instinctively ia not liberal or progreesive, and I note t hat it i a au\IIUd that he will be nccinated if Rooaevelt ie not. I wn persuaded however that Rooaeveltwill run. If he does you are all right in - 1 - - 2 - PennaylTalliaJ lt not you will b&n a duperat e tight and a -agre ohanoe . Thia i a a moat beautiful oountry, the cliaate porfoot, the oity ia oh&rming, the people the beat in South America beo&.uee there h no mixture of colored raoea and the race bore, a combination of Spanish, Engliah, Scotch, Irish and Gorman i s muoh like our own. The people on the atroot here look exsctly like people on the atreet in Cleveland, Cincinnati, Louisville, or Indianapolis - Uiddle Weat people, Our Eabaaay ia a pal aoe and Tery attractive, l&ri!;er than the one in Madrid, better adapted to ent ertaining, and moat icprosaive in appearance. I b&ve &iven about eight dinner• thus far for an avera&• of 26 peoplo eaoh time. The town 1a core social th&.n l!adrid. Tho Union Club bore is ono of tho be st three in the world. Tho bar , by the way, 1a the longest in the Western Hemi sphoreo Two country clubs that aro att ractive. And with races every Sunday tho Hippo olub baa tho most imposing race course I b&ve seen outside tb&t where t ho Derby ia run in England. Tho scenery 1a ll&gniticent, especially in the lako region wbich I t r aversed on tho way baok froa Buenos Aires - more beauti.tul t han Swiherland. Vin& del Iter, known aa the •aiarrit& of South America• ia j u at what you would expect of Biarrit& - which me&.na I ~ not wild about it. The war ia fantaatio , War for Democre.oyf Toll it to the marineal It it were for Democracy, England and France would not have bulli ed tho C•echa into yi eldi ng to Hitler 1 they would not have exerted themselves through their GoveriiiDIInta to oruah democracy in Sp&in1 tboy would not b&n chosen the wronge of Poland which waa aa democratic aa Portugal aa the pretext fer fighting1 they would DOt be ld.aaing both cbooka or ll:uuol1n1 and Pranoo now while they oontinue their CODtlllllptuoua de.IIW1ciationa or democracy. - 2 - . .'-/ - :s - For DemoGr&Gyt Forgot itl I t 11 a war to determine who dCT.!!inato s Europa. Now that Hitler and Stalin have joined i'orGea tho par lor reds and tho parlor 1/ads in America must f ool i'oolhb. They look it. Pat his it ott tine ill a sentence where she said on readin& of tho combination, "I soe Stalin hAs j oined the anti- oomi tern paot", It we are wile we will stay out. Tho war will either end in a typi cally dishonest Chamberlain peaot that would disgrace ua, or in tho eGonomiG rui11 of all nations ill the war i! i t oontinuea lo.ng. Roo aevelt will r;ot more glory historically by lceopi.Jlg us out than by Sybil and Pat j oin i n regards to your sister s . By the way I have run out of matob boxes. I really must oall on the Guttoy s again. Regards , Sincerel y, Claude G, Bowers. - -,,,~, -f, ,,. ~.:. "'·~c. - ~~...... il' o._,.r,.. -- u139 LS!!AliD: This blla b.. n tharl:e4 tor . The PreatdeDt sayS to return it tor tho tiles. '-,<(J- (';,./ '·· - - l/':/40 1:o:o FOR !:. R. ~'o t! .~nk hin nnd Y.ccp in our fllee . r. D. n. /. r/t - " . ' ~J.. v I SANTI,.GO COLLI!Gf: SANTIAGO CHfLE Deoeober 14, 1~39 Dic t ated Tuesday. Hon . Claude 0 . Bov~r s lmbaeaador of t~~ United States Santiago of America Dear l'.r . Ambassador , I have Just returned from your office and one or my teachers of t he Lower School ha s brougtt to me a r aper writte n b;v a 11 ttle girl or Italian extrac t ion. It aeeme the children were given the privile"e or writing on any eubJeot they wtshecl ,- Christmas , l.:y r'a.rm, Flowers. etc . I know that ~ou will be interested i n the eub J eot whio h little Luc y L!i na ohoee ! ~ith ki ndest gr eetin s , I remain, eom . hr -· • ~~ooC~-..- II*'~ - ...... --. ... ' • ~ BASS:' OF THE • UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SANTIAGO. CHIL& ' ' -,._ • ' ' ..__< •f \ amr.ssy OF TllE lllll'I'ID S'l'ATES OF AldERIOA Santiego, Key 10, 1940 Doar 1oe : - l'le have been pretty busy donn here with tho wu phase ond with a weeks antartoilur.ent of Admire! llyN, end the papers coae rather 1rreculnrl,y. I notice with a ahoclt 80118 t~ 1160 t hat Lawrence and his sana or traitors ~ere fighting your renomination oven ett or you over looked the f irst treaobet~ . Then the other dey I got a letter rrom o friend saying: "'f course you lo:low that your fri end Gutter »on a grand v 1 c t o~ .· That b all I !alent. I assume that the victoey was in the prilllariee. I have r ead your book on t ho Third Term 6lld i t is tine . ! cannot s ee ~ sane possi bility now or Rooaevolt not bei ng drettol I t i s not a aatter or tradition, or or personal desi res; with the li'Orlc! in t!eaee in tho gravest crisis i t has lo:lom in centuries the di splacement or e t ried me.n iD whoa the people have oontidence tor o.ay one new would be unepeekeble otupi dit:y. I note that the count~ ill oemsn(\in8 hie renomination and I hope he VI ill not heai tete. He need not utter a word. He can just stend mute. To elect a man l ike Dewey , unt ried, and 4;no:ront both or nati onal and internati onol affaire, and 111erel,y on tho etrensth or the teet that as a fair police court prosecutor he sent e man to the ponetent1e.:y would elllOUllt to inann1ty and would d1acroo1t democracy. I see that otter three yecu'S eve~one has como to the conclusion I constantly ~ered in in -:r deepatchos about Chamberl Ai-n . Wbe.t a crime that ho could not be tbrolm out until otter nation after notion had bean aacrif1ced nod demooroc:y was forced to taco a tec1CIIl wit.h ano:nnoualy ertended rront1ers. I foresaw and foretold evSl')'tbing that has taltcn place as tho record shows; but I wos looked upon ee en eue end a mere • politi cal appointee• by the wise boys tor al.moat three years while ovel')' rnci st in di sgui se whi spered emona t h11118elvea that I woo a •red". VIal l, well, chickone do coa e homo t o roost. It begins to look ss tbough we llJXT be roreed 1D by evonte. Hitler 1e a raving maniac now end there i s no outrage or which he 11 not capable. I eee you got Ea.rle another job. Well, old boy , I IIlii e l o( be y;es not in Peon . tor the prt.lriee to join his old pa1 Lawrsce 1161linet you. Ho- hum. Roserds to :your sietere. Sincerely , lei Claude G. Bowers - """ p ...p&ra t1on or reply. P, D. R. tdr. t mb Let to the Preo1dent 5/14/40 !roc Claude 0. Bowers, Sant1RgO Chlle re the war and 1ta possible reperauaa1ona 1n South America. Also oopy or Conf1dent1al d1opatoh No. 512 to tha Seo. ot State 5/14/40 Re: Purported Oeraan !lad ?lana 1n Ch1le. ' ""' ••• 1-.o lq dear ltr. 1'2-ee1Atnt1 Ill 00111Planot v l ttl \he l' tq~At l' oonl&1nl<'l 1.a TOIU' Dl80raM- ot KaJ IU, I .. enololllll a 'IICC"'I4 repJ.T t or TOll w ••1111 'o Claude & WJ'I 1a I'IIJ)OIWI W hll h Ull' W )'OQ of ""' u . ..u .... Faltbtul\7 JQYra, ~.,. Wellee I:l'lolollll'es: To Hr. Bowers . From Mr . Bowere, May 14, 1940. ~ Pred d ..,, "'- olb1te ~~o ..... , Deu Cllaud.el I W.Ye roAd rour l e"er ot 11aJ 1• all4 y.:>ur clupa\ah of the ,.,.., c!a\e vl.\ll a cr-t 4aal of latereat. 1 \b.tnk \bore 1o 110 dollb\ tbal 1a tho OTent of oont1alle4 Gel'lll&ll •toto17 1n Curone , Cle1'8&11 a«ant e ln IICUIY of the L.aUn AIHr1oan oount r1ea t-i ll under t &l I know that J OU will r ena1n 1n oloee toaah v1tl>. tl>.a Clb.tl aaa aut.bDrlUea &Jid la t Ill t&Ye bT t el egraa 1f neoeeaary all 1ntor=at1on of a d1a qule\lJII ohar&ot er. l oll v1ll ban reoe1Ye4 by ru>v a hlegr.. raqu.. unc rov t o • UCB ..t the cl ee1r&b111ty o f coAt1cleat1al oonYera&t1ona between A111 t&l7 all4 n&Yal offloera oro the Vo1te4 Statu ancl oft1 oera ot the Cbil ean AraT and NayY v1t11 regarcl t o ooorcl1 nat1011 of • eaauraa ot oonU nant al clehnae. I tb1At 1l 11 4aa1J'&bla that • at ep or tllla klncl be un4ert &l 111\h A1 • ..,.. rega - Dear Wr Preaidant:- Jor your intor.ation I aa inoloeing a copy of a deepatch which uy be of interest apropos ot the war and 1 te poaeible repercu.eiona in South .AMrioa. Should the war apread and the Nazi-Jaciat International continue ita Tiotoriee and we ult1114tely be inTolTed,the atatu. of Chile would be of importance to ua. I am not afraid of the German Nazie here acting alone, but aa I try to point out in the deapatch there are eame army conepiratore in niatence , tholl8h theee are not nu11eroua I thillk , and certainly not eaong the ofticera in hi(!h cCIIIIDAilda.Howner the technique of theae bripnda i n Czecll:oelonkia,Norway ,spain etc 1e to enlht the ~ration of reaotiou.ry forcee in d-rauc nations in their not •tolerating gaJDe,.. etart their or1- under the guise of cOIIIIIlm1•"-cOliii!IUiliem -aning diiiDOcrecy .There are ele~~~~~ nta here QA ..e there were in Spain that would glecUy join toroea with faoh11 •r naziam .I do not thillk there 1a any real danger,but there 1a alwaya the poee1billty and 1n theee deya I - eure you will want to know any poaeible ae well aa probable dangera.The arrogance of the German nazis hera ie incredibleand disgusting to the CoTernment here .That which I would impreu 1e thie ,--ehould the Nazi a be eo atupid ae to attempt to inject themaelTee by force into the jaerican ecene ,it ie in Chile that they would etrika. Nothing that ia happening in !\!rope now aurpriaee 1111 ,aa it wae Tery clear to._ 111 earl:r 111 IQ3e that the organized torcea ot banditry or the totalitarian atatee had planned by terrorism and brute roroe to daetro:r liberaliea and d11110crac:r in Europe ,and I 1aw the r...-.real in Spein .I a eUll dumbfounded that eo tew ot my colle58u.. appearedtO haTe tbe aoet remote conception or the eigniticance or what wae going on • t'he oauae or Uberty and democracy won a major T1ctory when the • inautterable ase,pro-taciat at heart,Chamberlain waa pried loose from appeae81111nt and Churchill wae put in• War1111at personal regards, Sincerely, pp...._ ...... ~ Ron. Franklin D.RooaeTelt The White House. Ko . 5l2 Sant1a._o, lla:y 14, l w40 !lubj oot1 f1n·portod Oornnn :lui Flana 1n Chilo Tho !!on ora b l o The Seor3tary or State, aahtn ton, . t.. . S tr: Apropoa of t he attitude ln Chilo toward the war, I b.t.ve tho honor to repor t an l no11lont whloh preaumoa to throw aonoo l1.,tt on tha ),lOaelbilitlu. A lll&n wHh a all ~h t aooont, thou. ~t b:y tho butler to be Cergan, telephoned q t.ou.oo and uk"'" to ••• .,. ~ on an taportant alaalon. I arran ~od to • • • bla at tho orrtoo. ~ · had tho appearanoo or a bualn••• ..n or tho middle ol••• · well droaeod, and ehrowd . no c l aimed to bo or Poliah orlsln and to poueao laro.e m.. n• , and o bo on- &• ood - 2 - 0a.,.oel 1n bualnaaa hare whore ho h.. 11vo Lo reruaou to el l vul .• hla nuo o~ the .;round tho~ he cou l d not &!ford to be lnvol•oel ln a n:y ln voatl ~ a t1o ' or hll s tory b~cauoo O! h1o buolnaoa, an~ l &Ot tho lmproaalon t ~at he ••1 be on to~• or aoclal 1ntlaac:y with tho alla :eel Ja~l conapiratoro or who: he tol e! eo . The aubatanca or blo tal e la this < About tho b e ~ i nn i n or t he war, a aan appearecl here !r0>1 Gel"'&llJ' w'lora I•• tul s . s .or~anlaation . ue 1a hera .. an • o•nt or tho ~azi OOvornment r or tt.o purpose ot or~an 1 z1 n.,. ancl preparing tba lnrc.a uorrnan pol)ul ntion r or an ultimAte atto·Jpt to L&k• o ver the Oovern. •nt . &hie .n anu 11 ~a~ ha ve a co:~pa ct or.,an1zat1 n wbicl. 1a propuo~ to obo:y inotruc Uone fro• !lerlin. Tha:y <>laia to have opioo on all t he aabaooiea ~ legatlona ancl to hove &&onto 1n •&n7 or thea who keep t he• 1ntor=oel ra.,ardina t ho procoaellneo t.ncl papero 1n them. They tuove t he wiraa tapped. •t coul d tell JOU ~cb aor•• , aaLc th1• man, • but t ho other inronaation l o or ouch a character that ahoulcl it be 1nvoatl ateO and t ho l nYooti &ation coma to t ho at tention or t •• eoo i>Oople t bo oourco or t ho tnto,.,..Uon woulcl be racovn1zeel" . fio oaid he waa unable at tho co.ont to recall the .an' • na.. , but oald be liYod on the twelfth f l oor or an apartment hnuao at Fla•a IJulnoo No . 00 . be a thT"OU , an A... ~r l cv'l _, r . 'lutohi mson , who l l v ~a ln the houe o , Md he reporte thnt throo .oen ltve oo this ~loo r . l1 JIS·l ·l"l INtd->r .l l~C -~nl.t-tm, ~,..u~.! ?ntlse~eL"l .lnd l::..rl c Pl lce t . •h ~tH>r1:an 1 llfor~5!J.nt un.... eratfln.la tha L they are Co rn.:.QJ"' Jew4 . ':"~aot ovlde:o- t.l .r l 3 thet. r o t ory t.t .1ny rate . Jlowever 1t 1B ...,u <>ncle ato:>d t hat t ho llulo bltve allp;;od w ~ ny spt oa and •~cn t o ln amen~ Jowlah reruzecs . Tho rrltlah Ambauador tol ls "'e t hat not l ono a;;;o " hon some Ju•1~h rftfU£eee appo ar od i n tondon one ot t he r e&l r e tugcea , p oln t1n... oxe l t edly a t o &On G.cone t ho.m , exo l n 1mod : 11Wby , t ~ a t ' o t he ~an wh o waa i n cha r~o ot the e oneontra t ~on crump whare I wa a " . Tho !'a c t t)'lu t tl1C:Be tbrco ~ o:y pose n:s nerr'IA.n Jews does not n~ oo a sar i ly r.mnn tllat tho:r a.r·c such. I hnve t ken t he U berty of OJ)enkl n< t<:> Si r CMrl ea tle>'t l nalc ._l-out thio a~o r ' n vlalt and t '>Oticed tha t when I entered C.o l~od l ate ly pu~lod pl uLo f r om the connec>tiona wi th t !:e tel ephone• ol.neo t ho Br itiob. l·lnba!D:r i s ao t l n.; on tho t heory Out even wl t h the r eceiver s 0'1 t ho t ole phonon down thsy eL~ bo ~de t o servo as ~ leta phones . II The i dea o a German Nazi or ganlr a t i on l ooking for t he " op~o rtun e t i me " t o "t aka over t he Government" dooa not 1mproa3 me as entire l y (4nt aot1o. Ther e 1a , as y ou know , a very large Oe ~an popul a tion here, and, t rom al l 1 he or, t bose ..ro moatl y militantly Nazi . Whll o a l l tho Germano l n Chil e oro aa1a to r avor Ri t l or , I am t ol d in • outbern Chll e , wher e t hey ~re atronoe8t, t hat only t he younger ~•n or e ac tive Nazio . L~t I m t old t hot aotivo Nazi& t hey a r e . - .- ara t~a Car.aoa alone to atto~p to•ta~ over the Covernment" thoy could atlll would be P••t llow'l . tl"f bt 1001 &1[)'1ri~a~o• in tba u .. or tr.o worda "oppor tune t.ltne" . Thoeo t.••o bo1o1 &n.1 still are alllt• ry men tn hll• w.uo re lr. favor O.i. 'l1lltar.i oovern..a•nt. and the endlnt, or all doo~crat1c ~roooa aea . rhore •r• ·~ en or lntluenc.. , becr\uca or tt.c 1r wealt.h and buet.nees conneo tlona, who arc eo b1Ltor a~a i~at th~ Liberal uovornmont 1n powor thal llay wou l d wolooma o mllit~ry coup d ' etat . I t tho bo.siru ln or t!to 4£ulrra Carda rl t~. t here wao open talk or tho r.y rlolnu 1n revolt and taklne ovar tho ... over1\lll4int.. ,h•re bave a lnco been two att01pt1 tha t r ail ed dlo~ally bocauae or tho abaenca or any popul~r oupport . lhat there atlll ere aome ortloara, not tho hlgheot, wbo oborioh thia idea I am lnto~ad by tho '111- tary Attaoh6, who l "not tolorAt••• 1 ...av1..~ the • eocaunl•t•" run the country, or tho aoc1al1ata .avl.n,. any pllrt 1n tha Gover nmont . All thlo 1a ot thu n... iUar patter n . ln other oountr1oo thh olamo n~ t~o wh1JL.1 •l•u laat tour 1••• 1 not heettatod to Joln u,u :ali Ut tl"' ..ciat elementa - t e eame thlno. lr the ermana azta here are plAnn~ , 1n c ~opera tlon with aoa. •r y ofticoro , a •111tar, revolt it could be givon tha appoarance or t~ vlna popular aupport by the C erJWn olomont o u.o population. Aa lf:D 1na t tho probab1llt;r 11 the t ..ct tb.at tho v....ander- ln- Chhf of the aMnad toroaa , Anoy, ''avy an4 ~vlat lon , •r• aa1d to be onttraly lOJal to tba ~o vernment and to tha J>raaldont1 that Uta aajor vart of tba Ar.y oamee - 5 - oomoa from tho middle classes; that opposition l eadore or tbo cali ber ot Grueha~, President of tho Sonata, and Aguotln Edwards , tormor Ambaosador l n En~l nnd , aro known to be opposed to attempts to chango the Government by rorco, and thoy are partial to t ho Al llea . llowover, I am calling attention to those i ne1denta and reporto becauoo or all the oountrloa i n South Ameri ca t hore la greater dnngor or a Nazi att empt here than in any other becauae or the Corman population ~d ito ag~ roaalvo att1t~d e 1~ the preaent war. Rospoct!ully yours, CLAOl>l. 0 . BO... l>RS C081 tilL 820 . 02 -- -- Santiago, Chile, ltay 25, 1940 My dear Kr. President, I am enclosing herewith letter of a copy of a a very confidential character I am sending to Welles which wro . It bears out what I t e you recently about the Because of dangers 1n Chile . the German population here ln proportion to the , larger elsewhere entire population than in South America, and nitrate and coppe because or the r, etc. , I am still sure should Bitler' s temeri that template ty go so rar as to con some action in the Americas be vost likely to try he would I find i t out in Chile first. that the Brazilian Ambassador, who is a real friend Oracle, of ours, shares my opinion, though he thi nks looked upon t hat Brazil may be as a fertile field . Faithfully yours, ~I.e · • .Jc~ The President, The ~~ite Bouse, Washington. sant i a~o , Chilo, Kay 25, 1940 / Dea r llr, .lollos: '/,hen I o~>. lled on Shnz laat nt,ht ro.,11rdinc:; the conrl dontial proposal in your t ~ l egram No , 84 or May 23, 12 noon, he ag1ve every ovldenoe or personal sat1afao t1on and said that he nnd the Pr aa ldont have been t hi nking that s omething or t he aort wou l d be wiae ; that lt waa all right to announce a policy of neutral i t y but that alone was mere " t heatre" and that s ~ethlng prao tlonl by way or pr eparation to meet any possible emer gency ia necessary. He aaid he would aoo the President today and t ry t o glve me an answer tonight, In the course or the conversation he asked if ho cou l d be perfectl y frank and orr the record, and t hen said frankly t hat there is a German problem in Chile, that t here are officers in the Chil ean Army who are Pro German duo ln large part to t he f act that the Chil ean Army for years waa under Carman training . He sai d t hat tho heads of the Army and Navy are t horoughly Pro-Al ly , however, but indicated t hat the situation ia being watched and t h~ the Depart~ent of Investigation had been reorganized and stren&t henod . lle astonished me by saying that one off icer had been d~scovered sending material to Cormany and had been apprehended but t!.at t here was to be no publicity. Thla gave mo t he opportunity to ask 1f it woul d be imperti nent were I to t1p him of f from time to time to any r eports t hat came to me rega rdi ng Oerman aaents at work hero . He s ai d he hoped I would,t I hen gave h1m the names of t wo or t hree ~en who are aald to be act i vely engas od in the work Of organizing tho Germans , He took the nnmea ond will personal ly see tha t an investigat ion t a ffill.de 1f not already made. Meanwhil e The Honorable Sumner We l les, Onder Secretar y of Sta te, Washington, D. c. • - 2 - Meanwhile I have he ard t hat there are 10 , 000 Germans in Chile who have actually been trained and d rilled for war purposes . This co~es to Colonel \'• Ooten t hrough a pro- Ally orr leer or t he Army. Prom anot~e r source I heard t hat there are 30, 000 Germans or~anized . This seems a b i t extreme but one never can t ell . Let me reiterate wi t h a ll possible emphasis my own conviction t hat t hese German a~ents count conf i ~ently on t he assistance of t he Fi fth Column, s o e ffec t ively used in Spain . The Fi f t h Co l umn , &$ide fro~ the Germans , embraces, first t hose in the Army of whom there may be very few, who ·• ant a d ictatorship, and secondl y , t hose or the Rights , the extremists without imaz l natlon, wh o want to get rid or a l iber al government . In relation to t he latter I ao conv i nced tLat t he men or brains a nd patriotism amons t he political opponents or the regime, such as Agusti n Edwards , r ealize that more is invo lved in any possibl e conspir acy abainst the r egime than l ocal politics. I beard l ast nl~h t that the President has arranged a meeting wi t h Ri ghtest leaders , a semi-social ~atherin~ , not to be adverti$ed . I have been told that in getting t he Rightist l eaders and the Pr esi dent together at my functions for Admir al Byrd I opened t he way for t his approach. These Ri ght lsts are Pro- Ally. I em wondering whether i t is not just as we ll at this juncture f or me to transmtt s uch informat ion and observat ions as herein contained to you d irectly in the r orm of a personal le tter r at her t han ln the form of a despatch. If you would prefer otherwise, please let me know. I am enclosing a co py of th1s l e t ter to t he Pres1dent . Sincerely yours, Claude o. Bowe r s I, .P ,)i \; THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON June 10, 1940. MEMORANDUM FOR '1'Hi: UJIDER SJ:ORE 'URT OF 8 '!'An: Will you read tbe enolose4 trom Ambassador DO~era and prepare reply tor my e1gaatuzeT F. D. R. Letter dated June f irst t o the President in r e Nazi activities in South America . / lY I') \\JY THE UNDER SECRETARY Of' STATE ~ WASHINGTON June 10, 1940 My dear Mr. Preaident: In aooordanoe with the request contained in your memorandum ot June 10, I am transmitting a aug geated reply tor yo to send to Ambassador Bowere. Believe me Eno. The Preeident, The White Houae. Dear~ Praaident:-- I hiiY a written tully I thillk to Walles about the more recent deTelopmaota bare reagrding German Nazi actiTitiea • On the day or the receipt or the telegram proposing conterencee between army and n&TY man I aaw SMllz, tbe Foreign J.!1nhter,wbo 1a absolutely trustworthy and both pro-4lly 8lld pro-American ,and round him n• t ooly agreeable but pleaaed. He Tary rraukly told me that both be and the President are deeply concerned OYer the Nazi actiTitiea hera. He added, aud thia ia aigniticant,tbat tbay were not ubmindtul or tba tact that tn8 re are acme pro-German orricera in the ~ .Tbaee are influenced 1n some caaaa by the long pari The danger or cooperation Wi th the Nazis t rom t he Right s i e not so great now ae it would have been tive monthe ago, Augus tin Edwarde ,one ot thei r brainiest men ,with whom I have close r elations , and who served as Ambassador in London tor many years and but recently r eturned ,is m111 t ant1y pro-.ul.:r and opposed to e.n;r truck with the Nazi s , Cruchaga,whom you know,bee bean represented aa pro-Ge= at heart. This 1a due to the tact that having been Ambassador to Germany he accepted the presidency ot the German-chilean Society betore the war, He r ecently said he is a triend ot Germany but quite as much a friend ot France. He is a devout Catholi c ,what we would call a wprotesaional Catholio",and i t is incredible that a Catholic ehould t avor the eatansion ot Nazi rule, I aaked Seqnz it in view ot the menace to Chilean independence t he Gove~nt is taking any steps to d.raw the patriotic Rigbtut into a common tront. He repli ed that such etrorts ware being made .He said the Governments bill inoreaaing the way ot army and navy men waa introduced tor the purpose ot leaving theee men with no grievance.He said that thie waa beiDa bald up i n t he Opposition Congreu. H.e implied that Rigbtast leaders wbo can be trusted aa Chileans have been called in and the card• put on the table. He r ecently - -the President I mean- had a secreat meet ing wi th some ot the Rigbtest s,I am t old that~ 8¥rd dinner when I got them together t or the tirst time has been very belptul i n getti ng tbs tOfll&thar , Wiard tales are told ot the great amount ot war material in the hande ot the Ge~ s . They seem tantaetic, However I should teel better about resistance t o Nazi attempts it the Chilean army at t his juncture had more machine guns and artillery and some more planes. All this ,I have no doubt,will be talked out at t he coming conter enoas . I shall keep the Department constantly intormed ot all development• and shall wr ite you personally ot a nything that I think you may want to have. With wermaat regards , Si ncerely, Hon.7r enkl1n D.Roosavelt The White Rouse. ~··~~ :tour 1 etter ot Jua• 1 • bee ••zs 111- ,.,...,, • A9 tiM d ya , •• X ••• IIC)J"4t 4M ~re lnrl loa•to•• tb4' t owe~aa ate or ~· o•r• AtMrleM ~bl loa rae 1aor•••lagl7 e e1Poua of tbe o lo•~•' couper&t1on ~ nd uader • • aQI'tac wl\tl •• bere. !b• ....,., a l l l'a17 --* na.ont l oo.n• r tlon• hA•• o ;:l"aased so t .r " 1tbau' bttob ad, l .. l t c\ w ....,. with o ut \lbl1o1t1. !~er ~ !! ·l ea hAa ' Ql~ •~ of the ftllaable l•toJ"tU.U OD v1th. r Cl -:ara 'o eJ.IftaD otl•l U.ea lll 1"' • ~ ll !l ln tJ t l1 r L l ceea ot, tl'.e ooat1neet ~eb 10• bAYe ••t t o Ule tlepcrt- ' n"& ~ • I }n. f en 1!ll tole O'r:"t.:, h •r' enr1- , .. ot Utte tat\ wh.lab _,, la r oar Jw1peat. lHt or nny at gn11'1cnnoe. 1'o rr••et a!.l nr ru be 011 U.. lookod • tHp the oloe•at wal411l ot dM-•lo ~R ta. n.. lloaoP« W ASHI N GTON - MEKORUDU)( FOR THE UIDIR BlORETARY OF STATE What ar e n do1n, about thhY i' . D. R. Dicpatch from Ambaseaaor Bower s from s~ntiago in rc request from Azanu, the Spani sh Premier and ?res i dent now ill in Fr·mcc, for per~iecion to cross in Ameri can ohip sent t u evacuate Americanc , with ~exico as de~tination . THE UNDER SECRETARY Of' STATE W.. SHINGTON June 15, 1940 U:y dear lo!r. Pre eident: I n reply to the inquiry contained in your memorandum sent of J une 14, I am enclosing copies or two telegrams on J une 1 2, which slxr" the action taken by the Depart- cent in this case. Under present conditi one, of cours e , I do not see, as a practical a eaaure, how former President A~ana can get accommodations on any American ship unless a ship is later sent to evacuate such additional Americans as de- s1 re to l eave Europe and can get to Lisbon. Believe me ll:y yours, The PreaJ.dent, The Wh1 te Roue e . / ; THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON June 14 , ··"'--/ THE U1:DER SECRETARY CF STATE i7hat ure ~7e doing about thie? F . D. R. - / JT This tEl e:gr ar.t rJus t b e: SAtlTIAGO close:ly para~hras e:d be: ~ fore bEi.ag cotu-.nmicntEd DntEd June: 11, 1940 to emyone: . (br) Re: c 1d 5 :40 p. u . Se: cre:tnr y of State:, rlaohington. 1 201 Jun e: 11, ·l p . ~~ . STRICTiif CONI''IBEli'l'iAL FOR THE PRES!DE:fr. I havE n re:qu e: ~t fror: Azane., the: Spanish PrE1;tie:r and Pre:side:nt now ill i n Fr ance:, for p e:rnission to cross in any Al.1e:rican ship that may be: s cnt to e:vacuat e: Ame:ri ca:ts, with i i Exi~c as d e:s ~inati on . \'l e: re: h e: take:n by f!i tle:r 1 t w 0\ll'.A ;:tEa.1. a c <.nce:ntration camp and c e:rtain d e:e.th. In v im of' his unfalt e::t'ing chanpi onsllip of libErt y and dEr.tocracy anC. his constant se:rvice:s to us and our i nt e:r e:s~s i n Spain, I r Espe: ctfull y urge: that conse:nt bE {livEn and Bul litt b e: instructEd accor dint;ly. Azana' s is e. =lollt £xc e: ptional c as e: . BOri ERS NPL TELEGR.' ••i SE~lT Cli: GRAY J une 12, 1940 .\ilERIC. Jl EUBi.SSY GG4 . Bor1cr:J hM rcquEtJtEd thnt :.:::ana, the former Pro:u er :md PrEsident of Spain who :.s non in France =d is ill bE pErnittcd no ~matter of comity to cross on an •..ruE:r i c ::m ship in order to proceEd acrooo thE Unit cd Stnt co to llExi co. In oas E a not her .'ll~Cl'ican shi p ohould be GEnt to EuropE for r cpotriation \'lOri<, you may as a l.l"tt cr of comity authori::: E ;,zona to board ship as o pa3u:ngEr 1'or Nm York :md to hnv<: his pn;.~opo rt docu DEntcd to p <:rmi t passOG£ acrooa th<: Uni tEd States to l! Exico., 852. OJ~. •'.z ann/27 HULL :.- L : BL :SRrl EU R.', U ( SY/) TELEGRAM SENT CK JunE: 121 1940 This t£1£gr>EI.Ill must be c J.csF.l :r :o·nl•a·· hrnn e: d bE :· ·.· E uc; n~ o onr.mnicut Ed to •myonE. (Br-) Al4El.!BJ\SSY • SANTIAGO . ':J'I . Your- 120, June: 111 4 p.m. ThE r e:que: st you mak e: on bEhalf of Azana is gl adl y aco r::d ::d to and Bu111tt i s be:ing instructEd appropriatEly. TherE ~e: at prEae:nt no pl ans f or s Endi ng anothe:r ve:sse:l to Europ e: but if onE should bE sEnt as a mntt e:r of comity facilit 1 £a will bE e:xtE:nd£<1. HULL ( Sl'/) 852. 001 Azana/27 A- L:BL ·SRU EU RA U r. -.. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON -June 19, lS.O. MEWORANDUll J'OR THE OliDER SEORI:TARY OF STATE TO READ AND RETURJ( f. D, R. Letter to the President !rom Ambassador Bowers , Chile, in re hia talk with 7resident Aguerre Cerdaa. ' l THE UNVER SECRETARY 01' STATE \.,1. y v.,\ WASHINGTON j-1 "'.' ~' I . ~.... June 20, 1940 /c\- My dear Mr. President: I n accordance with the request contained in your memorandum of June 19, I am returning herewith Ambassador Bowers• letter to you of June 12 which I have read with a great deal of interest. Believe me ai t fully yours, En c . The President, The White House . Satiago,June I2,I940 Dear Y1r President:- No doubt you have seen my tel egraphic r epor t or President Aguerre Cerdas assurance to me ,apropos the military mission that has just left here ,Let me add that during the conversations there was not one jarring note;that the President and Minister of Foreign AtfBirs were deli ghted that this step should have been taken and cooperated tully and with enthuaiasm;that the officers here selected for the conversatione were the highest in the army and navy and air; t hat the agreement was complete. After the military men had agreed on all point s not political and beyond their jurisdiction,tbe President who had been informed invited me to the Moneda where I eaw him in the residential part in his etudy and he went the f ull length , g1 ving this pledge: (I)If Chile is attacked ehe will dlrend herself to t he ut most . (2) It t he United States is attacked Chile will go to her aid to the utmost if asked. (3) If a t hird American Republic i s attacked t hat the United S tates wishes to protect Chile will aid her to the utmost. (4) It Chile should start a war of aggression against a ny nation she would not expect assistance from the Uni ted States and vice versa•, He spoke with intenee earneetness,clipping his worde , speaking slowly,and empha•ieing the words •to the utmost" bystriking the palm or his l ft band with the clinched fist of his right. He i s absolutely honest and • a cleTer man with plenty or ~gut• ~ whatever you may have heard to the contrary, I aaw the Forei gn t.:inister today and be too is deligbted • The President said one significant thing to ma that I am passing on to Welles but I think you should have it alae. He said that German diplomacy bad been ,tar superior to that or the British or the French and tha t no one would have tbougbt eie,llt months ago that an understand- ing on anything could have been reached between Stalin and Hitler. He then went on to say tbet Garman diplomacy would seek in every way through ita agents and Fittb Columns to Kk sow disseneions among the American Republics t o pre•ant solidarity i n action. He eaid that the Fifth Column people i n Tarious Soutb ·American countries haTi ng accesa to the pre.. are doing all they can to ati r up suspi cions , jealousies and hatea , I tbougbt perhaps be bad reference to the strange stories we have beard about the Canal arbitration be tween Chile and Argentina ,all ot which be insist a were plain lies. I have been told by a journalist returning tram Brazil that the Brazilians have a notion they msY be a ttecked by the Argentinians. I know nothing ot this, But t here it ia . I have no doubt that the Presi dent bas good grounda tor aayin g what be aaid. And be added that the United States through ita diplomatic agents should tallow this Tery carefully and combat 1 t with the •arioua Oa.ernmants. I wrote you about Az&na because Azana asked it and because I l ook upon him as one ot the greatest ,most intelli gant,and courageous champions ot Democracy in Europe. It his lite is endangered I am sure we cannot .. justity ourselves i n refusing him permission to orosa enroute to Mexico i n an American ship. He i s si ok.as I know .It he should tall i nt o the hands or the bri gands it would mean his death, He rought our present battle fir st to prevent t he hideous line up or the tot ali tari ans in preparation t or what we have t odsy and time and agai n i n truly great speeches duri ng the war he poi nted out that this present thing then i n prepa rati on was being tri ed out i n Spain . I hope that he will not be retuaed. Your speech at the University or Vi rgini a has created great enthusiasm and a prof ound impression here. I not e r r m the radio noises that i t waaapplauded t here. I am eo glad t hings are changing . In I 927 Nick But l er made the Founders Day Address--Cod how Jetrersons bones must have rattled--in which he pointed out bow tine attar all racism was working out aDd bOW badly democre.cy,but l eaving the impression that there was a lot to be sai d t or r aci sm. The next y ear I made the Founders Day Address on Jetrersons pri nciples and sai d t hat "taoi sm and o~un i sm are but the r everse si des or t he same base medal",tbet both stood t or the end or liberty,human rights and the freedom or the human spi rit" ,a nd went atter the raahionable apologis t s or l.:Ussolini , It was looked upon a. quite extreme. The Cbarlottesv l l e paper said editorially it was high time an ol d f ashi oned Jetrersonian speech were heard on Founders Day aDd Alderman wrot e me a beautiful no te to the same erteot. He waa ill and absent at the t ime , So good to bear · obeert tbe sa.. i deaa attar twelTe years. Si nce I began thi s note t he ~ . P . corre apondent bas brought me the speech or Vargas on the batt~e shi p.The text is precisely t hat or .. tfusaolini . I have never trusted that man's democracy .Be certainly is no such democrat aa Aguerre Cerda ,It smacked of Hitler too. I hope we lllllke no suoh mistake ae the Europea.ns made i n Europe ,They even banked on Hitler and UUasolini end banked on Franco whose waters will bear watching, ~oo 1118.Ily eubmarinee in that region, ',[' hinge don •t happen,--tbey are u:e.de to happen. ~ut our men wbo are doing the eastern cqaat and visit Brazil and Argentine should get the reel or things Your apeecha.waa gDand. I liked the .fighting words. The "hand that held the dagger• •wsa claaaio. l • J Sinoe;-ely, eea<.·d~~ Hon ,Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Wh1 te House r J.• ,.. • I 1 r - - a,. M&r Ol•ua 1 -n to Ulaat ,... for ko4111t .... oo well pen.. rep.M'-- ._ol.,...to la Oll llo. T•r roooat leUu el .laao ' eoaU-tao tllfor. uoa of onraer.tl•r,. t"'on.... o. 1 ... par U•larlJ' tnoronod ta ••• n..,. of ttae .Proot'"' o-01'1111'11 tllo •ut latl•onoo ta tllo .t.~tq a a4 h bh 'Mlhf ._, 111 tllo uta tllo AI'Df ••• 'M rellod 1111011 l a • •• et a y aU-.pt to • poet t llo o.,.,...... 1 !lope tlld tllo Pr ..tt•t ..... witlt ...... ta porowuu.ac tbo n .-un l ...on •• .., ••• 4eteuo aDd .eltare of tlletr --~ •••o tlletr pn.oll&l u'iUoaa. u h llal'4 fn • • to MUeYo tllat a-tor ONeil... ta not la .,...., . ,. wttll t ho ProotdODI'• potiWt le t hte r epr.t. 1 ba wo aloo read wttb tatoroot your ea!l\oo oonoeralnc tho llefouo oonn'Mtt one ,....,.. 11 oar a11Uary aa4 uwal off loer1 aDd \hooo of tile Gowe"-on. • • -14 llar 4ly bawo wtllllod for bettor u anaeM of Mllalloratloa. 1 aa W'O t llat tbo ~ ••-• of tltooo 4h•oolooo wao lD ao ~~ part t!lo r-lt of yoar ...,. pattoat all4 t aottul otforta. T• bawo ay OOllllfth'lattou. Y.,.-, ol110eroly youn, I I" I tho ll•ora~o .,,_..;,o Cl•40 G. ....,.., ~ ;, 4 ~ .....,.,...... All'lllu..-r,. .1{ 33!:" ,, If • DEPARTMENT OF &TATE WA8HINOTON Ju:~e 25 . 1!> 10 M1 dear Kr. Preaident: In accordance with your request, I have been pleased to prepare the enclosed suggested reply tor your signature to the letter wh1oh you received trom Alllbauador Bowe lly yours, Enoloauree: 1. Reply. 2. Letter tro111 Ambaseador Bowere. 'l'he President, The White Houae. • ' ' Mis s Geigers Here it ie--I have checked it out of my files. PTL ,/ THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON June l u, 1940. WEYORARDtTtJ FOR THi UNDER SECRE TARY OF SUTE FOR PRIPARATIOJ 01 REPLY FOR KT SIGXATURE. 1. D. R. L tto~ to t he Pr ~ :ident , da t ed June 7 , 1940 , froo An.baJcr.dor Bowers in re Ilazi activi tieo in Chile . Santiago, June 7 ,I940 Dear Mr Pr eeident :-- I haTe kept Welles intormed largely through per- sonal letters wi th the situation hare which i e serious because or the minute or~ i zation or the German Nazis who are numericall y i mportant and because or a certain pro-Germen tendency on the pert or nl.llll8rous army orricers because the army here r or years was trained by German otricere. I inclose a despatch covering this phase. The other day I was wi th the President alone tor an hour .He i s a clever and charndng man ,admittedly honest ana l i beral,and pro-Ally and pro-American and we talked with the ut most rrankneee apropos the coming or our orricers tor consul atione today. He tells me that there are pro-Nazi otti cers in the army ;and he surprised me by saying that while the greater part or the General Starr are pro-Ally there are men on the General Starr who are pro-Nazi. He knows that the Nazis have their agents and spies in various departments .Re apparently believes that in the a« cue or an attempt by the 11azia 1o take over the Government he can depena on the army while reali zi ng that there ere some orr icers who would be di sloyal. He t hinks the GoTernment will preTail unless there is a disposition on the part or the di s Cruntled,diaoredited and detested Ri gbtests t o joi n i n regardless or the street on their country. I had previousl y inquired whether in dew of the oiroumatanoee if any co=unioation pitched on the plflll!' ot country bed been had wi th Rigbteet leaders who are primarily patri otic. I find since the t the ,Preeident bas called i n the Rightest leaders in Senate and House and put all cards on the tab» and appealed to them to subordinate party politics tor the moment to t he good of the country. I have learned from another source that some of the Rigbtest leaders were deeply and most favorably impressed with the Preeidente s incerety end patrioti sm .One or two di e-herd Tories thought he was merely playing politics. Among those with 'hom the President i s conferring is Augustin Edwards ,for many years Ambassador i n London,e Liberal(Rightest) who intellectually looms higher then any perhaps ,along with Cricbagp with whom you are probably acquainted. There bad been a political feud and I broke the ice and paved the way tor these oonvereatione oy. breaki ng all preceden~e and inviting both the President and Edwards to my di nner a11d ball for Di.ck Byrd . The ooi!II:I.In1sts here are pro- Na zi ,decidedly so ,and ~ ~y lire in vary bad odor with the Government . ~ call on the Presi dent brought much publicity and speculatio~llnd i n view of the f act t~ t the press hare had just carri ed a story about Welles conversations with the Argentine ,Brazilian and Uruguan Ambassadors and A~nieter concerning the- continental eeourety against European aggression and the menace ot the Fifth Column i t wae assumed l¥t 1113' ccnTereetion nas along the same line. The communi st paper alone today carries an edi torial predicated on the thougllt that 1 t wu sOIIle k.ind of an infringement on the csovereigni ty and independence of Chile tor me to talk with the . President .The German Ambassad or runs down to see t he Pr esident once or t wice a week usually with some arrogant protest which appears to be all right with the communist organ, The Argent ine and Brazilian Am bassadors ,both high grade and able men and both anti-Nazi ,the latter deci dedly pro-American and the other certainly not anti, talk W1 th me f requently and all l ook to the Oni ted Statea t or leadership . The Argentine i s r at her critical ot the Government here because ot its hesitacy i n the sinking ot the Argen- t ine ship.I t ry to cool him ott a bit by calling his attention to the very delicate situati on hera which r equires cautious handling, Our army and navy men arrive by plane today ,and t he President h8re on their arrival Wi ll designate the msn with whom they are to confer. / There i s another matter that i e causing us considerable concern. There are many copies ot the WWhaley -iaton Service" received regularly here, It is "news• furnished to Bi g Buai neas men in foreign countries and probabl y i n the United Sta tes ,ana ot course ia alwaya unfair to and cr itical ot o your domestic policies , but Bines it oiroulatea almost exclusively among the die -hard Tories t hat does not ha rm, But the Military and Naval .ll.ttaobes this morning call my attention to the laat Letter which i s beaded "Actual .II. Status ot tbe Army"and carries queatione and answers before the congr essional committee when General J.:arsball was betora it , I presume thi s eoiiiDi ttee meeting was in ex- eoutive session though Id do not know , The nature or the questions and answers i s calculated to create the i mpression that we are i n ( a •erys serious state • These local representatives'"'" of American Big Business talk among themsel•es and to others or the contents or these letters ,but ,more serious, II all feel thst the incluSion of thie matter in thie Ser.1oe intended largely t or foreign coneumption is unpatriotic or worse, I think it possible you may decide it wo rth while to~. som. one gi•e a heart to heart talk with the editors • .U any rate you ought to aee it/ The military ud D8Yal attache are drawing up a war plan tor Chile in the e•ent conditione toroe us to inter.ene here to pre•ent / the establishment of an arrogantly and blatantlr Nazi Go•ernment under the di r ection or Berlin. O.stapo agents are here from Germany. Letters to Berlin ha•e been intercepted and are in possession of the Gcwernment here showing that the whole moYement here 1a d.irected from heedqUIIrtera in Berlin. le are told that these Nazis ha•e anaa eent from Bermany to Buenos .Urea and dipped in from there ana that uniforms of the Carabaneers are here to be donned as in Holland. It Hitler strikes 1n the America. I AM still persuaded it will be first here rather than Uruguay which Washington seema to fa•or,though or course I am not familiar with the aituation there • It looks bed · in Europe though the elimination of Chamberlain and Deladier,tbe heroes or ~unicb and Spa1n,ia promising at leaet a resistance. Churebills spirit i a - -Churchills spirit which is praise • enough. And where is Baldwin? We hear eo much in Bankers Clubs and Chamber or Commerce meetings about how well GoTernments would be run if in the hands or "business man" . Rave you ever thought or this? For tbe tirst time in the history or Britain she bas bad in success- ion two business man at the heed or tbe Government--Baldwin and Chamberlain. The policies of these two pompous aeeee has brought Britain down to its lowest point of prestige and power since the days or Elizabeth. "Nurr sed" • Regards and best wishes, Sincerely, Hon. Franklin D.Roosevelt u 0 ~,d~~- The Wlrl te House • P .S.Since writing the above a Dr Fuchs,German-Chilean since the World War in wbich be rought,and said by himself to be at the head ot an anti-Hitler organization has called on the ~ litary Attache and furnished important i ntormetion--it true. To the effect that the Germans have ?000 regular trained men ready tor action with 20,000 others,also with arms,ready to help ;that nine Nazi officers are now on their way here;that every American business here with honeycombed Nazi agents in positions instantly to eabatoge;tbat the Nazia plan to strike here very soon. He also aays that our friend Cruchaga is I a prominent member or the Fifth Column . I have often heard this and always discredited it as did the President in my conversat ion with him this week . He Gerteinly i s the head of a German cult ura l societ x here which has come to be pro-Nazi but I have assumed tha t be accepted the pres i dency betore t r ouble came and wa7 offered it and acce pt ed it because be had been Ambassador to Germany. But these r epor ts on Cr uchaga come t hickly nnd this man says be is on the pay roll. Am telegraphing all this today and you will have seen it before this letter r eaches you. - - r - ,. -u~ I / 4- D COPY Ju 'I • ' ..,c,. Dear Claude: The into~ation and obaervatione letter ot June you sent me in your 19 were very interesting, I am encouraged by the ind1oat1one ot growing < ~1 which you inter·Amerioan solidarity reported, and I hope that t his tenden than balances the other cy more develo~e a te you mentioned, In view ot t he emphaa1e ot naval veaeele your recommendation that be sent aoon to viait Chile, 1t wae to arrange tor a visi t by the possible Other Phoenix, as you were informed. demande on the fleet made it iapoeaible t han on e ebip at to send more th1a time. Ae you know, it is considered generally unwise to reduce eending the strength of the fleet by too many or 1te important units oper ations. ott on independent Very a1noerel y youra, FRAl;KLW D. Roes v Ll The Honornblt ft ..-13~ Claude G. Bower a , 1. '3 1> '3 American Aabaaaador, Santiago. - Dr1Jnrtmrnt of ttntr RA IUIIIrA.I.I l Ol't'IIIOIII ... l.t'lttr drafted The Pr es ident ··-----· ...... _ ...._...,._._-....u,_ .... n.• .cCJIIn"•" or rtiiiT'I' ~...... , DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON Jul; 1. 19·10 Wy dear Wr. President: I hnve received your memorandum of June 26 , 1940 enc1oetng a letter of June 19 you have reoeived from Ambassador Bowe ra in Santiago, Chile. In response t o your request, I am eno1oaing a draft of a auggaated reply to Ambassador Bower• for your oon sidaration and s1gftature if you approve. Fs1tb1Ul1y yours, - Enclosure: Draft. The Pre Iiden t, The White House. TH E WHITE HOUSE •' WASHINGTON J'une 26 , 1940. For preparation or repl y. F.D. R. Letter from Hon . Claude G, Bowers, E)nbassy of the u.s.A ., Santiago, 6/l Santiago,June 19,1940 Deer Mr President:- ! have just written Welles on our recent develop- ments in Chile regarding the Nazi plans and activities and he may mention them to you. Uy purpose in wrt ting now is to tell you that tor the first time in the m~ory or man the Sociolists are lined up here With the United States. Schnake,the W~nister ot Fomeato,and the intellectual or the sociolists ,assured me or this some time ago. He has juet r eiterated it to a member or my starr. But more signit1oan is this: ~rmeduke Grove , the popular leader ot the Sociolists ,and reputed by the ultra-conservatives to be a dangerous man asked to see me and I lunched with hi.m the other day. He has the appearance and manner or a gentlemau and be has a good mind .He is the ifol or the sociolist rank and tile,their !aTortte orator. The substance or his conversation can be summed up i n a sentence: The Sociolist s have formally determined to go along With the United States one hundred per cent in all matters relating to the international situation and to support continental solidarity to the limit. His sinoerety was made manifest that very night when he addressed a mass meeting or the eooiolists in the plaza before the ~~neda Palace i n which he said With \ great emphasis and to great applause that "Chile stands tor conti nental sol1dari ty in the race or present dangers UNDER THE LEADERSHIP crr TED!! NORl'H .a!.!ERI CAN REPUBLIC". That tbe Nazi s are prepared t o strike bare l borp oan be be doubt, I need not reiterat e wbat I bavo previously written.Tbere are betNeen t wenty and thirty Gorman otticora hero now and numerous Gestapo tram Berli n , We boer tbet the Nazi s are in possessi on or a~ ,pri ncipally light machine guns , smuggled in trom Ge~ny • The method pursued hero i e en e%8ct repetition or tho method adopted i n Spain .The one missing roaturo i e now reported--ann! increasingly large number or German "settlers" have appeared at Ayson ,propooing t o settle on the sound behi nd tho I sl a de Ci snes which is l ong and deep ,running northeaat trom t he Canal do Gey in the southern section which me.y becCIIDe ot vi tal importance to u.s and our defence plana. The Gover~nt is a cognizant and is now goi ng into the land grants in search ot i rregularities on whi ch en expulsion can be baaed. It has no doubt that these "settlers" are financed tram Berlin. I was greatly dieeppointed over the cancelation ot the visit ot tho t our shi ps. Tho moral effect would have been groat .I still hope t here may be a reconsideration and that at least tw o can be sent We hear now that the coup is slated tor July . It may be mere speculetion. It may not come at all. Tho international situation will probably det ermine. I note--with a shy emile behind my hand ,--that Franco i a in on the carving up or Spain .Be baa been in all the t ime, Tho Sre::_i sh Chargee hero told the Yugoalavien utniater that or cou.rss Spain woul d be i n with tho Nazis since ~ronco i s t oo deepl y indebt ed in gratitude to Bitler and b1saalini t o hesitate" , If not Franco, then :rranoos bose, ·t .,.- Suner. I What a world. And yet so plainly outlined by events tor the last three or tour years . The treachery ot Leopol d was deliberate ,timed, planned and di ctated by Uussolin1 .The French army puzzles me .Yet I was told tor two an d a halt years When at San Jean de Luz that the French Government stood tor so many outrageous thi ngs because the French SI'III1 was so crowded with racists that i t could not be trusted. I wonder. The Re publican convention is not so much a s menti oned down here e ven among the American business men , Regards , Sincerely, ~ Q ~ J .L L- 6 Hon ,Franklin D.Roo sevelt tfq p. . 0 .u. ~~- The White House . Sant1aeo July 2,I940 Dear~ President:- Congratulations on the nomina tion of t he Bi t Butter and Egg lilan of the U tilities , fi~ moed by 'ol'all J tl&&t , UJu in~orsed fr om Berlin by Bitler. Some people haTe all the luck. I note that the distinguished Roy Howard has captured the nominee on the fly end presume that the U.P.which I hsve observed for t hree years to be pro-totalitarian will support him • At his palace at Vine del Mer the other day President Agui rre Serda 1ra.lked me i n a driz:zJ.e in the f1l rden for forty minutes talki ng about the Hebane conference. These peopl e here have aoted promptly and I think wisely on the conference and I haTe written Welles some suggesti ons regarding the character or the deleeates for the use of Hull. •, bile six deleeates are nllll!ed and this may seem more t hen necessary it appears •ise to me because for the sake of national solidari ty in en i nternational crisie i t is especially important here that all the major political parties be represented. The Presi dent has named a distinguished ConservatiTs party Senator and a brilliant Liberal i nternational lawyer along With Radi cals and one Sociolist. Schanake , ~ni ster or Fomento ,and e eociolist. ie chairman,Thi s i n a way i s unfortunate ,but only because of possible prejudioee , sinoe he i s more familiar with the economic phase to be discueeed the.n any one el se,end he is pronouncedly pro-Uni ted States and i e a reasonabl e nd conciliatory milA. We have two decided ill wishers and enerdea here--the Carman Nazis and the Spanish embe.esy which resents "the unnatural influence or the United States". Now that the Sociolist party has f ormally and official -ly voted to go along With us I OO per cent we are i n t he beat poaa- ible position. Our popular i ty wa s never ereater I am sure.The Univer- aity or Chil e celebrat es our Fourth a t his evening when I speelc; the Catholic Universi ty on the 5th when I speelc;the leadi ng public school on t he morning o r the 4th ;the Boy and Gi rl Scouts come to the Em- basay Garden on the morni ng ot the 4th with a band;on the 6th the working classes have arranged a bi g observance at the L~icipal Theatre when Pedegrel among others has been asked to speak,and it i s expected that the Presi dent and !f.inister ot Forei t'n Atrairs will attend. All this does n ot ppularize ua with the Yith Column which we believe may attempt somet hing aoon .Laat Saturday night when I gave a dinner tor the Mini ster ot Foreign Attain ,having thir ty two ,and moat all South .A.meri can Ambassadors and Mini sters , the Government ,having heard that Gustavo Rose wee arriving by plane here had taken vigorous measures. The leading orti cere or t he army had been ellJillloned by the President and instructed. Soldiers were at the landing t'ield. But Rosa who was supposed to arrive wi th I banez, the Nazi hope ,railed to appear. Todays papers say he has lett New York by plane ror Argenti ne. It i s not improbable that the eaey money the Nazi or Fifth Column peopl e seem to have comes i n goodly measure f rom Ross a. Ther e i s story that the Fifth Column and t he Nazis may make an attempt between the l Oth and I 5th,--but the gossips were equally certain it would be between the I 5th and 20th of June,so it may be mere ~conve rsation" . I t must now be clear that t he Fifth Col umn did its work in France and thet Petain hi me elt was pert or t he racist Firth Column along wi th other officer s as I had heard while in France . Laval the notorious corrupti onist and confessed traitor in that he was i n close communication wi th MUs soli ni aft er the war began i s a symbol or what happened i n France,now that be is i n power . The special N.Y.Times correspondent,Porter ,was just in .having come from Brazil,Argentine and Zruguay. He report s thet the British !mbaesy i n Rio is completel y i nact i ve while the Nazi f orces are exerting them selves to the u t most. Here ,apropos of this ,is some thing that might possibly be passed on di screetly to the British in Washington. I t has been arranged that Sir Charles Bentinck , the Ambassador here for several yeers,i~nsely popular here, entirely tannli er with the situation here , and very active h ere,shall be displ aced next month by a man who nev er had a post unti l very r ecent ly when he was sent to the country Where John Wiley i e our L:inhter . This man was en offic man dealing with pape rs and not man all hie life. Wiley reports that he i s very weak ,very si ck , frail,and not at all active. To send a man like that here where the Nezi probl em i s acute at this time and t o di splace a man who is effective and popular seems to me incredibl y stupid. Beotinck i s to be r et i red but he i s willing to stay on . He i s cooperating with us tully . Would be be a breach of protocol and whet ever they call i t to paee a hi nt to London that this i s a bed time to ewap boreee in Chile? It may be impoesible but I pase on t be a ggestio~ feeling sure it is justified under the circumstances , With warmest personal regards, Sincerely, E~-· ..J-.~ Ron.Franklin D,Roosevelt The White House. Santiago, July 20 ,1940 Deer ~:r Presi dent:- - The i ne vitable lone foreseen hes come ,end while I I 1t may mean di scomfort f or you 1 t 1a manifestly necessary t'Ol' t he country i n the present crisis . Like llapoleon your record has meant that you are "doomed to crandeur~ ,end nothi na can c hc~ e 1 t . I con(:Tatulate the coimtry ,not you . Events of the week here ar e of such a character that I f eel you ebould heve a bi rds eye view of them. Tha boorish ,bl acltguardish, bullying racist act or the military rentleman who stumbles around i n 'be Foreign Office i n kadr i d i n breaking orr diplomutic rel ations with Chile ,without any warnin g and Wi thout any reason that would be recognized as such i n any really civili zed regime ,and with the statement that becaU3 - of the liberal cov er~ent and the democracy bere ,Cbile i s in a state of anarchy ,bas unified all parties bore in ma~nific ent support of the Chilean Cover~en t . Having observed,not without int elligence I can say on the r ecord, the sel'J)entine trial of the tot&li tartans i n Spain ,i t seOJted clear as crystal t o ~e the momen t I heard of the act of l~dri d that it bad been dictat ed by ~ssol ini and hitler, one or both , wi th one ot two objects in view . One ~ay have been the hope that this would interfere with the b~ony at liatane ;the other,more probable ,tbat i t would furnish the typi cal taoist e xcuse for the rising of the Fifth Column. The atteck on the regime here ~ as "ansrchitic" becalise i t 1s or the popular rront ,on the reetno because it 1 ~ denoorntio ,was intended for i nternational oons~tion and was probably planned with tho i dea the rtighteats would say:" ., See to what depths we l ave fallen. The savior or civilization and chri stianity in Spain in hie purity , sweetness and light ,can no longer arrord to parudt his spotless garments to touch ours ,and we must i n self respect rise now with the Fifth Column ,under the direction or the llazi nobility,and over- throw thi s government " . Uut alas for the beet laid plane or mice and men •he Chil eans in Ri ghtest circles only laugh at the action or t Adtid as etupid:and the R i ~htest parti es lead tho praise or the a ttitude ot the Chilean G overnment and in denunciation or that or Spain,and servo notice that all Chileans are one i n resentment or Franooa insolent action. I beve sent the editorials of the leading Righteat papers to the Department .El Uecurio,Edwards paper, seys bluntly that tho Spanish note i s an i nsolent attack on Chilean eoverei gni ty and on it s democracy which Chil eans will defend. So much tor that. The other event i s most i mportant. I think I wrote you that Aguarrs Carda r ecentl y called in Rightest leader s in the Opposition Congress ,laid the i nternational si tuati on before them,and appealed tor a c o~on front . This apparently bes had errect ,t or on the I?th tho national chairmen or the Conservati ve and Liberal ,or Opposition parties,and the Radical party, the leading Government party,met end signed an agreement baaed on five propositions on which the Opposi- tion Congress agrees to discontinue its policy of delay on Administration measures ,ana to work i n close coop ~ ration w t the F esident. Among these proposi tions ,all sent the ~eper t u~nt , there are several which represent great concessi ons on the per t of the ConsArvetives , such as the agreement t o appropri ate l argely tor housi ng, to consent t o the organization along uni on lines of the peaaant s ,and t o agree to a minimum wage scale tor the farm workers. The Leftist s have agreed to another proposition t o stop the constant i nterference in i ndust ries ot non- governmental commit t ees that have been i nspir ed I am afrai d very much by the Nazis and communi st s . The Sooiolists are not enti r ely hapPy about i t but have announced thei r willingness to go along. If thi s plan i s adopted it will mean a greater uni f i cation of forces t han has been kno~n or possible in Chil e for a very long while. In cidentally i t will probabl y mean t hat our f ri end Pedegral may become Unister of Fi nance . The press her e i s ~oa t l auditory over your renomination,papera of all parties except the C~ i s t s . Any other result i n the Convention would have had a very bad effect i n South Ameri ca. I suspext i t would be ifficult t o convi nce our own Fifth Col umn of t his , but the tact i s that South America has confi dence i n our i ntentions for the first t ime ever ,and it i s d ue to complete confi dence i n you . Hed you passed out of the picture at this junct ure it would have been a dash or cold water on the warming up or Sout h Amer i ca toward us . Je need twelve years t o undo all the s t upid t hings we have done i n the last h undred. And twelve years should do it. The Pho enix ~de a great impression.What a beauti ful and powerful I boat. The of f icers were wi ned end dined at Val pcrai so,and thsy came here end I accompanied them to the Foreign Office and the ~n1stry of Defence and had thirty t wo to dinner for tbem,inc l uding the Admiral of the Navy ,A:inis t er or Defence and a number or other Chilean ortioers . ?be next de.y I went to Valparaiso t o a l uncheon on board vii th Chilean naval uut bori t ies where "water tlowed like champagne " but a good t i me was bad by all. Then we paid homage to Arturo Prat ,the great na~al her o of Chile by placing 1 a wreath on hi s monument in the presence of a great crowd. Chilean sol di ers and sailors were lined up whwn we arrived and a l ittle later our boys headed by the band made a dashi ng appearance ,end our band played the Chilean an them W1 th more f i re and da h than I have ever heard it played before ,to the delight of the Chileans. Aft er the ceremony the Chilean armed r orcee and our boys marched by i n review. It all did much good . llallace nomination off sets McNarys with the f armers ;and 1 t also give3 an all-~r i can touch t o the pi ct ure . With We1lace on the t i cket and Sti mson and Knox in t he Cabi net why don ' t y ou spend the campai gn fishi ng i n Chile. ? lith warm personal regards , Hon .Frankli n D.Roosevelt Si ncer:JJ, The White Hous e. a _ _• n .__ ~""'t4'C ~ \Siw-l'~