Hugh Gibson Papers, 1900-1957
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10609-04 Auger 2/6/04 10:35 AM Page 47 MARTIN F. AUGER ‘A Tempest in a Teapot’: Canadian Military Planning and the St. Pierre and Miquelon Affair, 1940-1942 THE SMALL FRENCH COLONY OF ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON, located some 32 kilometers off the south shore of Newfoundland, was a source of great concern for the Canadian government during the Second World War.1 When Nazi Germany defeated France in June 1940, the fate of the French Empire became uncertain. Canada and other Allied countries feared that French colonies might be used by the Germans to conduct military operations against them. The proximity of St. Pierre and Miquelon to Canada and the British colony of Newfoundland constituted a major threat. Negotiations immediately ensued between the American, British and Canadian governments as to the future of France’s territories in the Western Hemisphere. The main argument was whether or not the French islands needed to be occupied by Allied military forces. The issue, however, was solved in December 1941 when the Free French movement of General Charles de Gaulle sent a small naval task force to rally the archipelago to the Allied cause. Most historians who have analyzed the St. Pierre and Miquelon affair of 1940 to 1942 have focused upon the Free French takeover. Although some historians have studied Canada’s role in the affair from a diplomatic perspective, none have provided an in-depth analysis of Canadian military planning during this crisis.2 It is now clear that Canada undertook significant planning to launch an invasion. An understanding of the details of Canada’s invasion plan and the ultimate decision to postpone military action illuminates the changing structure of Canada’s relations with Great Britiain and the United States. -
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CECIL B. LYON Interviewed
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CECIL B. LYON Interviewed by: John Bovey Initial interview date: October 26, 1988 Copyright 1998 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Early career System of promotion in Foreign Service areer officers v. political appointees uba 1931 Economic and political discontent Issuing visas Hong Kong 1932-1933 Trachoma hinese section of Hong Kong Scattering ashes in the Seven Seas To)yo 1933 Japanese reverence for emperor Relations ,ith Japanese Embassy postings policies Sambo and the emperor Pe)ing 1934-193. Japanese invasion Playing polo hinese response invasion E/periences ,ith hinese coolie hiang Kai-she) American civilians in Pe)ing Order for hile hile 193.-1943 Ambassador Norman Armour Inauguration and E/-president Alessandri 1 1S attitude to,ard hile Disparity in income distribution Ambassador 2o,ers Pearl Harbor attac) 1S pressure on hile to brea) relations ,ith A/is 3ice-President 4allace5s visit Attempted meeting bet,een 4allace and Alessandri hilean political situation airo 193.-1943 King Farou) President Roosevelt5s visit Ibn Saud 2ritish presence in Egypt River Plate Affairs 1946-194. Rio Treaty 1947 Revolution during the 2ogota onference8 2ogotaso 4arsa, 194.-1950 2erlin airlift Post-,ar 4arsa, Relations ,ith Poles Disappearance of the Field family Polish airports Polish reaction to Korean 4ar atholicism in Poland 2erlin 1951-1954 Spandau prison ontrast bet,een East and 4est 2erlin Soviet-1S relations in 2erlin Ta)ing Adlai Stevenson to East 2erlin State Department 1954-1955 Mc arthyism Relations ,ith Secretary Dulles and Adenauer Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs hile 1956-195. -
162 Congressional Record-House
162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 7 He also, from the Committee on Post Offices and Post RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS Roads, reported favorably the nominations of several post Mr. LAMBETH. Mr. Speaker, from the Committee on masters. Printing I report back favorably <H. Rept. No. 1663) a reso The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reports will be placed lution and ask for its immediate consideration. on the Executive Calendar. The Clerk read as follows: EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED House Resolution 395 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NEELY in the chair), as Resolved, That 9,000 additional copies of House Document 460, current session, entitled "A letter from the Attorney General of in executive session, laid before the Senate messages from the United States transmitting the Rules of Civil Procedure for the the President of the United States submitting several nomi District Courts of the United States," be printed for the use of the nations, a treaty, and a convention, which were referred to House document room. the appropriate committees. Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield (For nominations this day received, see the end of Senate for a question? proceedings.) Mr. LAMBETH. I yield. RECESS Mr. COCHRAN. Does not the gentleman feel that it Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Senate take a recess until would be fairer to the Members of the House if the dis 11 o'clock tomorrow morning. tribution were through the folding room· instead of the The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 10 min House document room? This is a very, very · important utes p.m.) the Senate took a recess until tomorrow, Satur- document. -
1930 Congress! on Al Record-House 8683
1930 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE 8683 CLASS 6 NEBRASKA Donald F. Bigelow. William J. Grace. Herbert M. Hanson, Clay Center. Thomas D. Davis. Stanley Hawks. Andrew E. Stanley, Loomis. Samuel S. Dickson. Stewart E. McMillin. NEW HAMPSHIRE Harold D. Finley. Walter T. Prendergast. Walter A. Foote. Gaston Smith. Harriet A. Reynolds, Kingston. Bernard Gotlieb. Gilbert R. Wilson. NEW YORK CLASS 7 Albert C. Stanton, Atlanta. Maurice W. Altaffer. Harvey Lee Milbourne. Harry L. Carhart, Coeymans. Paul Bowerman. Hugh S. Miller. DeWitt C. Talmage, East Hampton. Paul H. Foster. Julian L. Pinkerton. Clarence F. Dilcher, Elba. Bernard F. Hale. Leland L. Smith. John A. Rapelye, Flushing. John F. Huddleston. Edward B. Thomas. Clarence M. Herrington, Johnsonville. Car] D. Meinhardt. Emma P. Taylor, Mexico. Mason Turner. William V. Horne, Mohegan Lake. CLASS 8 LeRoy Powell, Mount Vernon. Knox Alexander. George F. Kennan. Dana J. Duggan, Niagara University. Vinton Chapin. Gordon P. Merriam. Henry C. Windeknecht, Rensselaer. Prescott Childs. Samuel Reber, jr. NORTH DAKOTA Lewis Clark. Joseph C. Satterthwaite. William M. Gwynn. S. Walter Washington. Ole T. Nelson, Stanley. OHIO PATENT 0:F.FICE Frank Petrus Edinburg to be examiner in chief. Bolivar C. Reber, Loveland. Fred Me'rriam Hopkins to be Assist!lnt Commissioner of Pat Solomon J. Goldsmith, Painesville. ents. OKLA.HOMA. Paul Preston Pierce to be examiner in chief. William C. Yates, Comanche. Elonzo Tell Morgan to be examiner in chief. "' Ben F. Ridge, Duncan. COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS SOUTH OAROLINA Jeannette A. Hyde, district No. 32, Honolulu, Hawaii. Paul F. W. Waller, Myers. Robert B. Morris, distl'ict No. -
Allied Relations and Negotiations with Spain A
Allied Relations and Negotiations With Spain A. From Spanish "Non-Belligerency" to Spanish Neutrality1 Shortly after the outbreak of the War in September 1939, Spanish dictator General Francisco Franco released an official decree of neutrality in the conflict, despite his open ideological affinity with the Axis leaders who had provided him with critical support in the Spanish Civil War. Nevertheless, he hovered on the brink of intervention on the side of the Axis through much of 1940 and 1941, and even contributed a force of Spanish volunteers estimated to be as many as 40,000, known as the Blue Division, which served as the German 250th Division on the Russian Front from mid-1941 until October 1943. The possibility of Spanish belligerency was premised on an early German victory over Britain and on German agreement to Spanish territorial expansion in Africa into French Morocco and perhaps even in Europe at the expense its neighbors, Vichy France and neutral Portugal. The United States and Britain joined in a continuing effort to keep Franco's Spain out of the War by providing essential exports like gasoline and grain to prop up the Spanish economy, which had been in a state of collapse since the end of the Spanish Civil War. The close ideological and political ties between the Franco dictatorship and those of Germany and Italy were never misapprehended by the United States and Britain. After 1941 Spain drifted gradually from imminent belligerency toward a demonstratively pro-Axis neutrality. Spain cooperated with the Allies in humanitarian efforts, allowing safe passage through Spain of downed Allied fliers, escaped Allied prisoners, and civilian refugees, including Jews.2 The nature of Spain's neutrality in World War II turned in significant measure on Allied and Spanish perceptions of the danger of German invasion. -
The 1927 Geneva Naval Disarmament Conference: a Study in Failure Edward Adolph Goedeken Iowa State University, [email protected]
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1978 The 1927 Geneva Naval Disarmament Conference: a study in failure Edward Adolph Goedeken Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Goedeken, Edward Adolph, "The 1927 Geneva Naval Disarmament Conference: a study in failure" (1978). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 16657. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/16657 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISa /978 GS~I ~/O The 1927 Geneva Naval Disarmament Conference: A study' in failure by Edward Adolph Goedeken A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: History Signatures have been redacted for privacy Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1978 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii THE CONFERENCE PRELIMINARIES 1 THE CONFERENCE BEGINS 34 THE CRUISER CONTROVERSY 58 THE CONFERENCE COLLAPSES 78 THE REPERCUSSIONS OF THE FAILURE AT GENEVA 104 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY 139 WORKS CITED 148 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer thanks Professors Richard N. Kottman, John M. Dobson, and Donald F. Hadwiger for their patience and guidance during this project. The staffs of the Public Record Office, the British Library, and the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library provided valuable assistance. -
Timeline for World War II — Japan
Unit 5: Crisis and Change Lesson F: The Failure of Democracy and Return of War Student Resource: Timeline for World War II — Japan Timeline for World War II — Japan Pre-1920: • 1853: American Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Tokyo harbor and forced the Japanese to allow trade with U.S. merchants with threat of military action. • 1858: Western nations forced Japan to sign the Unequal Treaties. These articles established export and import tariffs and the concept of "extraterritoriality" (i.e., Japan held no jurisdiction over foreign criminals in its land. Their trials were to be conducted by foreign judges under their own nation's laws). Japan had no power to change these terms. • 1868: Japan, in an effort to modernize and prevent future Western dominance, ousted the Tokugawa Shogunate and adopted a new Meiji Emperor. The next few decades saw rapid and successful industrialization during the Meiji Restoration. • 1899: With newly gained power from recent industrialization, Japan successfully renegotiated aspects of the Unequal Treaties. • 1899–1901: The Boxer Rebellion led China to a humiliating defeat by the Eight-Nation Alliance of Western powers including the United States and Japan, ceding more territory, and dealing one of the final blows to the struggling Qing Dynasty. • 1904–1905: The Russo-Japanese War began with a surprise attack and ended by an eventual Japanese victory over Imperial Russia. The Japanese took control of Korea. • 1914: During World War I, Japan and other Allies seized German colonial possessions. • 1919: Japan, as a member of the victorious Allies during World War I, gained a mandate over various Pacific islands previously part of the German colonial empire. -
The Foreign Service Journal, September 1940
9L AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 17, NO. 9 JOURNAL SEPTEMBER, 1940 CARIBBEAN NUMBER ' WSHf ■■■ ■ . .. " This is what we call FOREIGN SERVICE! * After checking up, frankly, we were surprised that our staff of interpreters master no fewer than 22 languages, including Esperanto. This is just another reason why the men and women in the Foreign Service experience no hesitancy about sending us their New York- bound friends and acquaintances. The Hotel New Yorker has long been Foreign Service Headquarters in New York because of its convenient location—handy to every¬ thing you want to see or do in this fascinating town of ours. Make it your home when you are again on leave in New York. This is the nearest large hotel to all the principal piers and is con¬ nected by private tunnel to Pennsylvania Station. Four popular priced restaurants. ★ 2500 Rooms from $3.50 Hotel NEW YORKER 34TH STREET AT EIGHTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Frank L. Andrews, President Leo A. Molony, Manager CONTENTS SEPTEMBER, 1940 For Prize Contest Notice See Page 501 Cover Picture Army Planes Near the Panama Canal See Page 531 The Relation of the Panama Canal to the De¬ fense of the Western Hemisphere Prepared by the War Department 481 Foreign Service Refugees 485 Miami—Gateway of the Americas By Cecil Warren 487 Who’s a Gringo? 491 Britain’s Minor Isles By Sarah Hayward Draper 492 Guns, Rice and Beans By Daisy Reck 495 Editors’ Column 498 MOUTH AMERICA News from the Department By Reginald P. Mitchell.. 499 SOUTH AMERICA News from the Field 502 CENTRAL AMERICA The Bookshelf ]. -
The Foreign Service Journal, March 1938
gL AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ★ * JOURNAL * * SO? PATE DE FOIES GRAS IS GOOSE-LIVER PASTE! From Our Book of Permanent Set-ups FOOD & BEVERAGE DEPARTMENT At all times chefs should write their menusin English,and if chefs have to use a foreign name at¬ tached to any dish, it should be ex¬ plained in English. How MANY TIMES have you scanned a menu...stammered and stumbled on French w ords you can’t pronounce? If you have ever had that unhappy experience,you’ll easily understand why NO FRENCH ON THE MENU is an iron-bound rule with us! It’s just one of more than 2,000 rigid regulations that make up our book of permanent set-ups. These set-ups, or rules, run our hotels. It is a set-up, for example, that our doorman must be sure you’ve left noth¬ ing in your taxi. It is a set-up that our telephone mouthpieces be cleaned reg¬ ularly. It is a set-up that waiters’ hands be inspected daily. Next time you "register-in” we’d like you to stop at the Hotel New Yorker and see what a difference it can make in extra comfort and satisfaction. 34TH STREET AT EIGHTH HOTEL NEW YORKER AVENUE Ralph Hitz, President George V. Riley, Manager NEW YORK 25% REDUCTION TO DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. - - NOTE: THE SPECIAL RATE REDUCTION APPLIES ONLY TO ROOMS ON WHICH THE RATE IS $5 A DAY OR MORE. CONTENTS (MARCH, 1938) Cover Picture Temple at Selinunte, Sicily WOODWARD & LOTHROP (See also page 162) Page 10th, 11th, F and G Streets Service Glimpses 137 Washington, D. -
Alberto Yarini and the Search for Cubanidad, 1882-1910 Mayra Beers Florida International University, [email protected]
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 2-17-2011 Para Subsistir Dignamente: Alberto Yarini and the Search for Cubanidad, 1882-1910 Mayra Beers Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI11042710 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Beers, Mayra, "Para Subsistir Dignamente: Alberto Yarini and the Search for Cubanidad, 1882-1910" (2011). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 370. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/370 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida PARA SUBSISTIR DIGNAMENTE: ALBERTO YARINI AND THE SEARCH FOR CUBANIDAD, 1882-1910 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY by Mayra Beers 2011 To: Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences The dissertation, written by Mayra Beers, and entitled Para Subsistir Dignamente: Alberto Yarini and the Search for Cubanidad, 1882-1910, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. Thomas A. Breslin N. David Cook Mark D. Szuchman Sherry Johnson, Major Professor Date of Defense: February 17, 2011 The dissertation of Mayra Beers is approved. Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences Interim Dean Kevin O’Shea University Graduate School Florida International University, 2011 ii DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to Randy, Jon and Josh. -
A Survey of the Foreign Policies of Herbert Hoover During His Presidency
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Plan B Papers Student Theses & Publications 11-6-1961 A Survey of the Foreign Policies of Herbert Hoover During his Presidency Adelaide B. Cambridge Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/plan_b Recommended Citation Cambridge, Adelaide B., "A Survey of the Foreign Policies of Herbert Hoover During his Presidency" (1961). Plan B Papers. 220. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/plan_b/220 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Plan B Papers by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A SURVEY OF THE FOREIGN POLICIES OF HERBERT HOOVER DURING HIS PRESIDENCY by Adelaide B. Cambridge Social Science 486 Eastern Illinois University November 61 1961 This paper is a survey of the foreign policy of Herbert Hoover during his presidency. He is often associated only with domestic issues and the Great Depression, and his foreign policies have been somewhat unfamiliar. The more reading that was done, the more interesting and absorbing became his ideas and attempts to formulate his actions. The topic was chosen partially because of an intense interest in American history. There has been--and still is--a violently pro-Hoover or anti Hoover sentiment and criticism regarding this former president. Another reason for this selection is that Mr. Hoover is a contemporary. There may be added personal interest because he was born in a little Iowa town near my former home. I have attempted to present a survey of the Hoover foreign policies as he expressed them and attempted to carry them out. -
American Amateur Diplomats During the Administrations of Woodrow Wilson: an Evaluation
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1971 American amateur diplomats during the administrations of Woodrow Wilson: An evaluation Martin V. Melosi The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Melosi, Martin V., "American amateur diplomats during the administrations of Woodrow Wilson: An evaluation" (1971). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5192. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5192 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICAN AMATEUR DIPLOMATS DURING THE ADMINISTRATIONS OF WOODROW WILSON: AN EVALUATION By Martin Victor Melosi B.A., University of Montana, 1969 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Mas ter of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1971 Approved by: ChEirman, BoXrd~^^BxamiMrs A ) /) C'^fUL-^S fatfUN) UMI Number: EP40656 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. K&iwtriton PtfWishlflg UMI EP40656 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author.