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Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act 1990 this is & Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. HISTORIC ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT 3

3. CHARACTER APPRAISAL 5

4. OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT 13

5. CONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY 17

6. CONCLUSIONS 19

References and Notes 21

Bibliography & Acknowledgements 23

Appendices

APPENDIX 1: Conservation Area Boundary 25

APPENDIX 2: Listed Buildings 27

APPENDIX 3: Planning Policies 29

Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 As part of its continuing duties under 1.4 The revised statutory list of buildings of the Planning Acts, Redcar and special architectural or historic interest Cleveland Borough Council1&2 has for Loftus was published on 27th prepared appraisals for 15 of its 17 February 19876. A schedule of the 31 conservation areas3. (Staithes and listed buildings located within the Hutton Lowcross Conservation Areas conservation area is given in Appendix fall within the planning jurisdiction of the 2 at the end of this report. North Moors National Park Authority.) 1.5 There are no scheduled monuments in the conservation area. The Designation of Loftus Article 4 Directions Conservation Area 1.6 Article 4 Directions were approved by 1.2 Loftus Conservation Area was the Secretary of State for the designated by Langbaurgh Borough Environment on 8th September 1978. Council and Cleveland County Council The directions withdraw certain on 15th January 19764. It was tightly permitted development rights for drawn to include the historic cores of domestic, commercial and agricultural the twin settlements of Loftus and properties throughout the conservation South Loftus, together with the best area in order to prevent further erosion surviving parts of the mid-to-late of the special character of historic Victorian residential development that buildings and the erection of took place to the west. The reasons for inappropriate forms of enclosure. designation and its purpose were set down in the designation report5. Planning Policies affecting Other Protective Designations Loftus Conservation Area within the Conservation Area 1.7 The Redcar & Cleveland Local Development Framework (LDF) 1.3 There are two Tree Preservation Orders contains several policies relating to the protecting trees within the conservation conservation area. They are set out in area, as follows:- Appendix 3. 1. Four groups of trees on the south side of Town Farm at the north end Conservation Area Appraisal of Springhead Terrace. 1.8 A conservation area appraisal is the first 2. The area of woodland on the south step in a dynamic process, the aim of side of Loftus Beck alongside Dam which is to preserve and enhance the Street and including part of the character and appearance of the grounds of Linden House. designated area. This appraisal provides a clear and sound 3. The group of trees on land to the understanding of Loftus Conservation rear of nos. 7 to 10 East Crescent. Area by recording, evaluating and presenting all of the key elements that 4. The woodland on land to the rear of together make up its special interest Arlington Street and East Crescent. and character while considering its 5. The single mature tree at the north- relative importance in the Borough-wide east end of St Hilda’s Place. context. 1.9 After public consultation, this appraisal and its recommendations including changes to the boundary of the conservation area, was approved by

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Borough Council on 22nd January 2009. This appraisal has been revisited to ensure it remains relevant and up to date. The present conservation area boundary is shown on the plan in Appendix 1. 1.10 While the appraisal covers the topics referred to in PPG 15 and in guidance issued by English Heritage2 it is not intended to be comprehensive and the omission of any particular building, feature or space should not be taken to imply that it is of no interest. 1.11 The next step of the process is the formulation of conservation area management proposals to provide a basis for making sustainable decisions about the conservation area’s future.

2 2. HISTORIC ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT

Introduction being the place where the church and wind and water mills were situated and 2.1 A brief review of the historic its location at the convergence of routes development of Loftus is important in on the main road between and order to understand how it has evolved . It consequently to its present form and acquired the developed as a trading and commercial distinctive elements that make up its centre for a wide rural hinterland. special character. 2.7 In the 17th century the prosperity of the 2.2 Loftus is unusual in comprising two neighbourhood was enhanced by the settlements within the same parish or manufacture of alum from rock quarried township. They are Loftus and South from the cliffs along the coastline Loftus and both were founded as typical nearby. Sustained for nearly 200 years 2-row settlements in the 11th century this industry led to the establishment of after the destruction of the previous, a market and annual fair in Loftus. well-established, Anglo Scandinavian or earlier settlement7. 2.8 While Loftus continued to grow its southern counterpart had withered 2.3 Each settlement consisted of a corridor almost to its present size by 1840, of two rows of properties facing towards remaining to this day a tiny hamlet each other across a common open separated from the town by the deep space which in Loftus appears to have valley of Loftus Beck and the railway. been wide enough to have been a green. The buildings in each row 2.9 In the middle of the 19th century the formed a continuous, relatively straight expansion of the railway into East frontage with living quarters facing the Cleveland enabled the large-scale green. Long gardens or burgage strips mining of ironstone and manufacture of extended from the rear of each property iron and steel at nearby . to a common rear boundary skirted by a Between 1861 and 1871 the population back lane. of Loftus doubled and the village ‘mushroomed’, quickly becoming a 2.4 This layout can still be traced in Loftus, town, and much more urban in the larger of the two settlements. The character. Expansion extended the green is now the High Street or market settlement’s linear form to the east and place, straddling the road to Whitby. west along the A174. Behind the two rows of properties historic burgage plots can still be 2.10 A product of the town’s rapid expansion identified extending to the old back was the creation of a second lanes, now called Dam Street and commercial hub centred on Zetland Cleveland Street. Road, acting as a ‘counter-magnet’ to businesses in the traditional market 2.5 It is more difficult to trace the old layout place. in South Loftus since the few buildings that survive do not adhere to its 2.11 Although the town’s historic core was medieval form. However, it can be gradually redeveloped, its medieval assumed that the rows straddled the layout was preserved by new buildings existing street linking South Town Lane that have generally kept to the and Water Lane and which may even footprints of their predecessors. The have extended west towards Middle prosperous Victorian period also Gill. resulted in the development of landmark buildings such as the Town 2.6 The economies of both Loftus and Hall, the Golden Lion, Council House South Loftus were based on farming. and several churches and banks as well However from the outset Loftus became as terraced rows of typical East the administrative centre for the parish, Cleveland cottages.

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2.12 In the 20th century prosperity waned as ironstone mines became exhausted and the iron and steel industry became centred on . Economic decline brought high levels of unemployment with attendant social, environmental and economic impacts, the closure of businesses in the town, and a lack of investment in its fabric. Despite these factors and their consequently impact upon the town’s appearance and sense of well-being, today Loftus still retains much of its historic form, fabric and market town qualities along with its attractive setting enhanced by trees. 2.13 Both Loftus and South Loftus are potentially rich in archaeological remains, particularly the latter where much of the village was abandoned as Loftus grew. There may have been a moated site at South Loftus, but the only evidence for this is a rectangular outline on a 1770s sketch of the area.7

4 3. CHARACTER APPRAISAL

Physical Setting and area. In the 19th century the Topography development of the railways brought an end to dependence on indigenous 3.1 Much of the character and visual quality materials and gave access to an of Loftus can be attributed to its eclectic range of building materials from physical setting amid rolling hill country diverse and distant sources, including incised by numerous small streams or roofing slates from Cumbria and North becks, creating a series of deep, Wales. narrow, wooded ravines or gills. 3.2 Approached from the south, east and Layout west, Loftus is seen to occupy an 3.6 Loftus is a linear settlement, having elevated, south-facing site, from which developed along the A174 Whitby Road its Anglo-Scandinavian name is which follows a slightly serpentine 8 doubtless derived . To the south of the course over undulating terrain. town, the ground falls steeply away into the deep wooded ravine of the Loftus 3.7 The historic core of Loftus is centred on and Whitecliff Becks, beyond which lies the High Street and particularly on the the much smaller hamlet of South widest part of it known as the market Loftus. place, the highest point on the main road. Despite the gradual renewal of 3.3 The variation in physical relief buildings over hundreds of years, the contributes to the visual character of the medieval two-row settlement and town in two ways. First, the continual former green are still discernible. changes in ground level add Buildings stand hard against the considerable visual interest and pavement edge, except at the east and elements of surprise to the built up west ends of the High Street where fabric of the town, creating a front gardens have encroached onto the succession of varying street scenes. green. A few properties still retain their Second, the wooded valleys provide an original rear burgage plots or gardens, attractive landscape setting to the town important physical links to the medieval and where streetscapes and roofscapes settlement layout. are frequently viewed against an attractive backdrop of trees. Within the 3.8 Beyond the historic core lateral town a strong sense of the closeness of development has taken place along the countryside is engendered by views roads, streets and lanes leading off the out to surrounding hillsides and trees A174. In these areas Victorian and that soften the skyline. Edwardian domestic terraces predominate, perpetuating the 3.4 The changes in level within the traditional rows of the historic core. conservation area have given rise to Occasionally the built-up frontages are distinctive ‘split level’ streets where one broken by an individual or group of side is high than the other, supported by buildings set back behind front gardens. a bank or retaining wall. Examples are to be seen in High Street, Zetland 3.9 North of Zetland Road, around Road, Station Road and Dam Street. Coronation Park, the layout becomes much more open and suburban in 3.5 The area’s natural, physical and character with detached dwellings in geological features have also private gardens. influenced the character of the built environment, historically providing 3.10 South Loftus is now little more than a building timber, yellow/brown/grey cluster of buildings and boundary walls sandstones and clay suitable for comprising two farmsteads and two making the orange/red bricks and rows of cottages, one of them set at 90° pantiles, all so characteristic of the to the street, possibly along the only

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surviving burgage strip. Its historic two- date back three or more centuries, their row layout is otherwise almost true age concealed behind later indiscernible. alterations and additions. The occasional, ‘tell-tale,’ steeply-pitched Variety of Land Uses roof may be indicative of the past use of thatch or ling, of which no examples 3.11 The character of Loftus is enhanced by survive. the diverse range of land uses including residential, shopping, recreational, 3.16 The earliest form of window opening ecclesiastical, administrative and small tends to be of ‘landscape’ format or scale industrial uses. Collectively they square, whereas windows of ‘portrait’ add interest and vitality to the town format are usually found in later centre, enhancing its ambience and buildings, thus dictating the proportions sustainability. of building frontages. Doorways in the older cottages are often diminutive, 3.12 The ‘bipolar’ town centre with its two reflecting the lesser stature of our nodes of shopping and business activity ancestors. in the market place and on Zetland Road is a particular characteristic of 3.17 This plain, honest East Cleveland, Loftus adding further interest to its vernacular building style contrasts townscape. markedly with the later Victorian and Edwardian terraced rows of artisans’ Building form and character dwellings. Although of similar form and scale to their earlier counterparts, they 3.13 The buildings of the conservation area, are architecturally more ‘regimented’ in their form, materials and style, their layout, form and style. They also relationship to the spaces between possess varying degrees of them and the ways in which those architectural pretension, reflecting the spaces are used, contribute greatly to characteristics of Victorian Domestic its character. History has given a rich and Arts and Crafts styles that include and broad variety of building style and the use of standard Classical details. materials to the historic core of Loftus These include decorative particularly those buildings considered embellishments to doors, windows, to be of architectural and historic merit. string courses and eaves details. 3.14 The historic cores are centred on the 3.18 Windows are predominantly of ‘portrait’ market place area of Loftus High Street format, including the single and 2-storey and on the cluster of farmhouses and bay windows that may be canted or cottages now forming the hamlet of square/rectangular in plan. Most other South Loftus. The older buildings in windows have segmental (slightly both of these areas are cottage-like in curved) heads or flat lintels, sometimes character with few architectural carved. Chimney stacks and gabled refinements. They are a valuable part of dormers add interest to the roofscapes the heritage, being part of the locally that are further enhanced by the varied distinctive, vernacular building tradition heights of buildings. that was developed over hundreds of years. The best are protected by being 3.19 The Victorian and Edwardian periods listed as buildings of special gave Loftus most of its key historic architectural or historic interest. buildings. They include:-

3.15 Cottages are of two and less frequently  Town Hall three stories with pitched roofs and varied eaves and ridge lines, further  Golden Lion Hotel articulated by chimney stacks with rows  Station Hotel of clay pots. The earliest dwellings may

6  Arlington Hotel followed by plain clay tiles and grey/blue/black Welsh slate in the  The Council House middle of the 19th century. They are the  Oddfellows Hall predominant traditional roofing materials in the conservation area.  Linden House (former Rectory) several churches and banks. 3.25 In more recent times man-made slates and tiles have been used, but these These together with a few buildings of lack the enduring subtleties of patina earlier foundation such as St Leonard’s and colour to be found in their more Church, give Loftus its unique identity. natural counterparts, tending to weather They are key architectural focal points down to a grey concrete colour. in the townscape and those with prominent locations are local 3.26 Brick in a broad range of red, orange landmarks. and brown hues as well as creamy white ‘Pease’ bricks, became the staple 3.20 The 20th century introduced completely building material in the Victorian period different dwelling types, detached and and throughout the 20th century. This semi-detached, two storey houses and versatile material was used in a variety single-storey bungalows, standing in of ways, creating bonding and their own front and rear garden spaces. polychrome patterns with moulded bricks and stonework used to create Walls architectural details. 3.21 A crucial key component of the special 3.27 Despite the proliferation of brick in the character and appearance of the 19th century, stone continued to be used conservation area is the prolific for higher status buildings, such as presence of traditional stone boundary those listed in paragraph 3.19 above. walls and retaining walls. Appearing as an almost continuous thread running 3.28 Rendered and painted finishes in Loftus through all parts of the area they help to tend not to be historically authentic. unify and knit the area together. They were generally used on much later buildings or were applied to older Building Materials ones to conceal inappropriate alterations and ‘improvements’. 3.22 The earliest buildings are constructed from locally quarried sandstone blocks Windows in hues of orange, brown, grey and yellow tones. Stone blocks have a 3.29 No examples have been found of diversity of surface dressing, the most windows earlier than the 17th century. common being a herringbone or From the late 1600s wooden windows chevron pattern. Sandstone was used of two principal types were used as for both high status buildings as well as follows:- humble cottages, with lesser buildings  The ‘’ horizontally-sliding constructed using quarry rubble. The sash window best examples have now weathered to a mature patina.  The vertically-sliding sash window.

3.23 The only pre-Victorian brick building is  Squared, canted, square and ‘V’- Pear Tree Cottage on the High Street. plan bay windows of wood or stone with vertically-sliding sashes. 3.24 The oldest roofs have very steep pitches and would have been covered 3.30 ‘Yorkshire’ sashes were the cheaper in reed thatch or ling. Clay pantiles alternative to vertically-sliding sashes. were introduced in the 17th century They are found in humbler cottages and

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farm houses and in the backs of characteristic assortment of high buildings. Frontages of ‘higher status’ boundary walls, garages, sheds, the buildings had vertically-sliding sashes. gable ends of rear wings and Both types became the traditional form extensions. These areas, though not of window and were used for over 200 conventionally attractive, have their own years. Evolving through a variety of dishevelled but distinctive character. forms and patterns, the earliest have multiple panes with glazing bars, giving Shop Fronts way to large, Victorian, single-paned 3.35 The earliest surviving historic shop sashes. fronts of late 19th and early 20th century 3.31 Window openings generally have stone vintage are on the south side of Zetland sills and either stone lintels, frequently Road (e.g. No 22) though some are keyed, or else flat, curved, or arched less easily identified owing to enlarged heads of stone or brick. fascia signs. 3.36 A few modern shopfronts together with Doors their signage are in keeping with their 3.32 The doors were made from broad, historic settings (e.g. Stonehouse vertical, timber boards. Those in larger Bakers, 81 High Street), but most do a and later buildings tend to be of four or disservice to their host buildings and to more square or rectangular-shaped the area, being of poor design, panels, sometimes with the upper inappropriate materials and panels glazed. Doorways usually match occasionally garish colours. the windows by having similar lintels or arches of stone or brick, though they 3.37 Advertisements, signs and notice are frequently concealed behind later boards make significant positive as well wooden doorcases. as negative contributions to the appearance of the area. The small 3.33 Boundary features include:- number of surviving historic fascias, signboards and projecting signs serve  Brick or stone walls and gatepiers, as exemplars. generally matching the building facing materials and having stone 3.38 Many buildings have lost authentic, copings of various shapes and characteristic features, particularly carved and shaped pier caps, many roofing materials, windows, doors and now painted. shop fronts, the latter two usually being replaced by UPVC components. Later  Timber fences. unsympathetic alterations and  Ornamental ironwork. additions, such as altered and enlarged window openings, poorly designed  Hedges, frequently behind walls and extensions and over-large dormer fences and of various species. windows, not only detract from the character of individual buildings but also During the two world wars characteristic spoil the look of the entire area. wrought iron railings were removed from the boundary walls of Victorian and Edwardian properties. Some have Gardens, Landscape and Open been reinstated using steel and timber Space of a lesser quality than the originals. 3.39 Front gardens and the tiny ‘areas’ in front of Victorian buildings, are 3.34 The terraces and rows of properties traditionally enclosed by stone or brick throughout the conservation area are walls and ornamental ironwork. Well served by a network of back lanes. maintained and mature gardens, These are lined with an untidy but particularly those with trees, make a

8 significant contribution to the attractive The Highway appearance of the area. The earliest 3.43 For the most part road surfaces, properties have long rear gardens, footpaths and other hard surfaced whereas those of later vintage have areas have tarmacadam or concrete small, enclosed rear yards. Both make finishes which are serviceable, but their own contributions to the character contribute little to the character of the of the area. conservation area, especially where 3.40 A crucial component of the character of they are in need of repair. Loftus is its setting in a landscape of 3.44 However, in the market place traditional wooded valleys. Of particular Yorkstone paving and stone cobbles importance to the conservation area is were reinstated under a major the woodland clothing the steep bank environmental improvement scheme alongside Dam Street and Water Lane carried out in the 1990s, enhancing the and the individual specimens and special character and appearance of groups of trees within the built-up area. this important area and setting a They make a positive contribution to the standard for future works. townscape, softening the appearance of the urban fabric, acting as visual breaks 3.45 There are a few ‘original’ examples of and screens and making open spaces attractive, traditional surfacing materials more attractive. including whinstone, scoria and brick setts as follows:- 3.41 The most important groups of trees in the built-up area include the following:-  Several lanes and alleyways leading off the main road, e.g. the lane  Behind Arlington Street. leading to Co-operative Terrace.  East of Drive.  Roadside drainage gulleys along the  Linden House grounds. High Street.

 Frontage to Town Farm.  The stream channel in Dam Street.

 The Churchyard.  Many back lanes, private yards and drives.  Hall Grounds & Loftus Hall.

 Around the Library & 8 High Street. Street Furniture Coronation Park area. 3.46 The existing, Victorian style, dark- green, street lighting columns and  The backdrop to Loftus Mill. lanterns and other street furniture on  South Loftus. the High Street, including cast iron bollards, were installed by the 3.42 In addition to the garden spaces and environmental improvement scheme areas of woodland referred to above referred to above. This has set a there are key areas of open space standard to be aimed for elsewhere within the conservation area. They throughout the conservation area where include Coronation Park, the street furniture and traffic signs Churchyard and the playing field and (including markings on the allotment gardens off Cleveland Street. carriageways) are generally lacking in These are enclosed by attractive stone design and aesthetic appeal and boundary walls and mixed mature consequently detracts from the area’s hedgerows. special character. 3.47 The apparatus of statutory undertakers’ pole-mounted service wires and steel

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distribution cabinets are also visually 3.51 The key townscape buildings in this intrusive. However, some timber area are:- telegraph poles with their ‘umbrellas’ of  wires are less intrusive where their The Town Hall appearance is softened by trees.  The Golden Lion Identity Areas  Barclays Bank 3.48 Loftus conservation area possesses a  The Council House townscape of several parts each having  its own distinctive character. This is the The former Nat West Bank result of the settlement’s topography,  The Presbytery historic development and expansion. The undulating terrain, the deep valley 3.52 To the east, the High Street narrows of Loftus Beck, the curvature of some of slightly before descending the hill. Here the roads and the siting of a number of the narrowing is visually reinforced by key, visually important buildings, trees the landscaped bank, War Memorial and groups of trees, together contrive to and stone retaining wall on its north create a series of individual areas, each side. The bank rises steeply up to High with its own identity. The character of Side, a row of cottages reached by a these areas varies one to another. separate, parallel lane, effectively creating a ‘split-level’ High Street. On The Main A174 Corridor the south side small, well planted front gardens enclosed by walls and fences, 3.49 Loftus market place is located on the encroach into wider part of the highway. crest of a hill, from which the High The High Street’s ‘split level’ adds an Street (A174) falls away steeply to both extra, distinctive dynamic to the east and west. This variation in streetscene. ground level, allied to the serpentine course of the road and its varying width 3.53 In the dip, just across Loftus Beck the formed by building frontages, adds row of stone and pantile cottages called considerable visual interest and St Hilda’s Place, is set at 45º to the elements of surprise. A succession of main building line. The row together changing street scenes is thus created, with the splendid mature tree alongside from East Crescent in the east to the road form a visual ‘pinch point’ and Westfield Terrace in the west. foil to the view beyond. They also accentuate the strong sense of 3.50 The broad, level Market Place is enclosure afforded by the rising ground defined by the buildings surrounding it. behind the buildings on either side of They comprise attractive, opposing the street and serve as a visual rows of wide and narrow-fronted, two gateway into Arlington Street. The and three storey cottages, houses, scene is enhanced by the cottage shops and business premises of mixed gardens, informal grassed open space age. Here and there frontages and stream leading into Dam Street. erratically step forward and back and have rising and falling eaves and ridge- 3.54 At Arlington Street the conservation lines punctuated by chimney stacks area boundary extends east to include with clay pots. Their appearance is both wooded banks forming visual enhanced by the polychrome effect of a closure to the historic core, together mixture of stone, brick, tile and slate with the older cottages on East building materials and the occasional Crescent. render. 3.55 The key townscape buildings in this area are:-

10  The War Memorial Areas Away From the Main  The Arlington Hotel Road 3.60 Narrow streets, lanes and alleyways  St Hilda’s Place lead off the main road to secluded 3.56 To the west of the market place, beyond areas that are more suburban or rural in the Gothic Town Hall, are 2-storey, character, in contrast to the bustling stone-built properties of the C18 and market place and High Street. C19, largely in residential use. Many 3.61 The church and churchyard of St are set back behind attractive well-kept Leonard, enclosed by Church Row, gardens enhanced by mature woodland Stable House and the tall backs of trees, their enclosing stone walls, buildings on the High Street, is one encroach into the former market space, such enclave whose attractiveness is narrowing the carriageway and enhanced by mature trees and hedges strengthening the sense of enclosure and the strong sense of enclosure. that is further enhanced by 3-storey From this area, Loftus Hall’s massive, shops and the tall tower of the Gothic stone-faced kitchen-garden boundary Town Hall. The sense of enclosure is wall follows the winding, Water Lane perpetuated by Hall Lodge and down the steep valley side to meet Jessemine Cottage with their garden Loftus Beck at Dam Street. The grade II walls, standing at 90° to the road. listed wall is a significant townscape 3.57 Descending the hill, further to the west, feature, enhancing the sense of the road appears to narrow as buildings enclosure and intimacy in this secluded meet the pavement edge. This gives area, where the pedestrian has emphasis to the ‘corridor’ effect of two precedence. and three-storey brick-built shop 3.62 Key characteristics of Dam Street premises and the raked stone retaining include the stream flowing down a wall that elevates the pavement in front scoria (ironworks slag) block channel at of Zetland Terrace and the ‘pocket park’ the edge of the narrow road; and the on the site of the old ‘Stonemason’s steep wooded valley side. The trees Yard’. help soften and enhance the 3.58 At West Road, buildings on the north appearance of the few stone and brick side step back creating a sense of buildings, including the former Poor openness at the crossroads. Here the House, lining the opposite side of the Edwardian, red engineering brick street. There are a number of Church with its corner tower, spire and underused and neglected buildings and outdoor preaching pulpit, acts as a untidy ‘backlands of High Street strong visual stop at the edge of the properties that descend the valley side conservation area. A mixture of different to the street. brick types abound here, from rustic 3.63 From Heugh Bridge, Water Lane with a hand made bricks to smooth red fast-flowing stream along its eastern engineering brocks and creamy white edge, follows a serpentine route ‘Pease’ brick. ascending the steep bank and under 3.59 Key townscape buildings in this area the railway bridge to reach South are:- Loftus. The road is flanked by attractive stone walls, mature hedges and trees  Oddfellows Hall creating a strong sense of enclosure that opens suddenly into the tiny  The former Congregational Church hamlet.  Jessemine Cottage 3.64 South Loftus is altogether different from its northern namesake, its form and

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setting being much more rural  The lane past the Old Forge at 13 character, with most of the buildings High Street. and boundary walls constructed from local sandstone. Summary of character 3.65 The hamlet offers prospects of the 3.69 The rich tapestry of historically roofscape of Loftus above which the authentic and visually harmonious Town Hall and St Leonard’s Church building materials blending with diverse stand out as important landmarks and architectural details of various periods focal points. and styles has created a townscape in Loftus with a particularly attractive 3.66 At Station Road, a strong sense of aesthetic. The settlement’s physical enclosure is achieved by terraces of location, together with its historic two-storey, stone cottages, associations with mining industry and complemented by brick and stone three agriculture, positively contribute to its storey properties on the opposite side special character as an attractive hill of the road, where narrow stairways town with a market-town atmosphere. climb up between the buildings and the high stone retaining walls. At the bend in the road close to the valley bottom, stands the solid, stone-built, 3-storey, Station Hotel, terminating the view and marking the boundary of the conservation area. 3.67 North of Zetland Road, the area of open space and the peripheral trees of Coronation Park are very important in the townscape, as are the houses in their spacious, well laid out gardens that surround it. Some, notably Kenilworth, Westfield, and the former school building, are of architectural and historic merit. 3.68 Other important and characterful enclaves include the following areas:-

 The area around Road and Loftus Mill.

 Hall Grounds.

 North Road, Cleveland Street and John Street.

 South Loftus

 East Crescent

 Springhead Terrace and Town Farm

 The area around Westfield Terrace, Coronation Park and Duncan Close.

 Co-operative Terrace.

12 4. OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT

4.1 This section summarizes the negative unsympathetic extensions, and the elements in the conservation area and introduction of modern man-made suggests possible remedial actions and building materials lacking the enduring opportunities for improvement. qualities of their traditional counterparts, are all particularly damaging. They 4.2 The Civic Trust-led regeneration detract from the historic integrity of the initiative of the 1990’s sought to reverse individual buildings collectively the fortunes of the town by capitalising undermining the special character and on its remaining built and natural appearance of the area. Much of this elements of quality. This was done change has taken place despite having through a series of schemes as Article 4 Directions. follows:- 4.6 Such directions withdraw certain  Restoration of the Council House permitted development rights so that and other historic buildings. planning permission is required for  Comprehensive improvements to relatively minor building alterations the market place area of the High including the replacement of windows, Street including hard landscaping doors and minor extensions. Although and new street furniture. these additional controls cannot be used to re-reinstate lost features, it is  Redevelopment of the Regal possible to ensure future changes are Cinema site and the land behind for more in keeping with the special housing. character of the buildings themselves as well as the conservation area.  Conversion of the visually prominent Oddfellows Hall to flats. 4.7 The design of a number new residential developments in the conservation area Regeneration of the Co-op buildings sit uneasily with their older neighbours. and refurbishment of the Town Hall Much greater attention needs to be followed along with other improvements given to the siting, form, proportions, and the town has a new ‘self architecture and selection of materials confidence’ that has had ‘spin-off’ for all new buildings to ensure they benefits for the character of the respect the special character of the conservation area. area. 4.3 Past achievements have been significant, but there is still much to be Neglect and disuse of done to build on the successes by buildings and land tackling remaining long-standing issues 4.8 Neglected and disused buildings and and to seize fresh opportunities as they land are still to be found in the Dam arise. Street area and among the commercial properties on Zetland Road. The Changes to the historic built redundant church buildings on the infrastructure corner of West Road and Westfield 4.4 Many properties throughout the Terrace and on Arlington Street are conservation area have lost authentic quickly becoming eyesores. The two architectural detail. Particular losses are ‘pocket parks’ are in need of attention. windows and doors, many replaced in That on the site of Oliver’s Buildings on UPVC, detracting from their High Row, is frequently vandalized and appearance and the special character lacks a sense of community ownership, of the area. whereas the one on the site of the Stonemason’s Yard could be improved 4.5 The erosion of authentic historic by landscaping to soften the features of buildings, the addition of

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appearance of the gable ends of detracts from the otherwise attractive adjoining buildings. townscape qualities of the conservation area. 4.9 There is clearly a need to identify and embrace realistic opportunities to 4.14 The opportunity presents itself for revitalize such properties while special highway standards in respecting the historic layout and conservation areas and closer and enhancing the special character and more effective working relationships appearance of the conservation area. with service providers. Such Such works could be addressed in the arrangements should aim to achieve context of a Conservation Area improvements in the streetscape and to Management Plan. extend to other parts of the conservation area the high standards Frontages already achieved in the market place area. 4.10 Although very few front garden spaces and their enclosing walls have been 4.15 There are dilapidated iron railings in sacrificed to the creation of car parking front of St Hilda’s Terrace and unsightly spaces the risk of such loss is ever utilitarian pedestrian barriers on Dam imminent. Existing Article 4 Directions Street. Stone retaining walls throughout should be used in the context of a the conservation area are in need of Conservation Area Management Plan. repair.

Building Archaeology 4.16 While car parking detracts from the character and attractiveness of the 4.11 It is possible that analysis of the older conservation area it nonetheless buildings in the two historic cores may contributes to its vitality and activity, an reveal structural elements from earlier essential component of a thriving periods than their external appearance market town. might suggest. It is therefore very important to pursue the measures 4.17 The ‘informal’ car park behind Loftus provided under the Planning Acts and Youth Centre has a ‘down-at-heel other legislation and advice, to appearance that would be improved by investigate, record and conserve the sensitive re-surfacing, soft landscaping authentic historic external and internal and better definition. fabric of buildings. Open spaces Highway Infrastructure & Street 4.18 The appearance of the standard, Furniture galvanised, security fence along the 4.12 Outside the market place area, the north, south and east boundaries of highway generally tends to be cluttered Coronation Park, jars with its otherwise with a plethora of utilitarian street attractive setting and contrasts badly furniture and traffic signs together with with the attractive brick wall and statutory undertakers’ aesthetically Victorian style railings that front the park unsympathetic, pole-mounted service on its west side. wires and distribution cabinets. Many of the latter are particular eyesores, owing Trees to their large size and ill considered and 4.19 While some mature trees are protected inconvenient locations, creating a sense by Tree Preservation Orders, others are of visual clutter and a hindrance to the not. In view of the major contribution maintenance and repair of buildings. trees and woodland make to the special character and setting of the 4.13 All poorly designed street furniture, conservation area, it is important to particularly where clustered together,

14 have a consistent level of protection. It would therefore be appropriate in the context of a Conservation Area Management Plan, to undertake a survey of trees in the conservation area in order to determine priorities for putting such orders in place and to identify opportunities to reinforce and extend the existing tree cover.

Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 15 Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

16 5. CONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY

5.1 The present conservation area boundary is for the most part coherent, cohesive and consistent with both the historic cores of Loftus and South Loftus and the better parts of the later development, with only a few oversights. 5.2 The appraisal recommended several areas to be included in the conservation area, as follows:-

 The attractive area of open space with its group of trees alongside the Loftus Beck, to the rear of the Station Hotel, providing an attractive setting for the domestic terraces on the opposite side of Liverton Road.

 Nos. 17 to 41 (odds) Micklow Lane - a row of detached and semi- detached houses, mostly of late 19th and early 20th century vintage, together with the much older cottage at No 39 and the grassed field and group of trees lying behind No 17 and between Springhead Terrace and the stream. The dwellings, set in large mature gardens truly reflect their period of construction and though having suffered some alterations to their character still make a significant contribution to the character of the area. The conservation area boundary has now been extended to include these two areas. 5.3 A number of new dwellings erected close to the conservation area boundary are not in keeping with the special character of the conservation area, e.g. Nos. 9-11 Micklow Lane and Grace Peaks on Duncan Place. While it could be argued that their exclusion from the conservation area would be justified, the consequent changes to the conservation area boundary would make it unnecessarily complex.

Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 17 Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

18 6. CONCLUSIONS

6.1 This appraisal summarises the special between Springhead Terrace and characteristics and qualities that justify the stream. the designation of part of Loftus as a conservation area. It considered These matters were given full whether any changes to the consideration and after public conservation area boundary were consultation the Council resolved on nd needed and identifies opportunities to 22 January 2009 to extend the address certain negative aspects that conservation area boundary to include undermine the special quality of the the above areas. area. A number of the more complex 6.5 The plan in Appendix 1 shows the problems require further work to approved, amended conservation area develop practical solutions and these boundary. should be addressed in the context of a Conservation Area Management Plan. 6.2 Many of the conservation area’s defining characteristics still survive. Its architectural, historic and environmental qualities are rooted in its physical setting and historical development from the medieval period and particularly its expansion after 1850, much of which is still evident in the built environment today. 6.3 Loftus Conservation Area embraces the cores of the two historic settlements along with the Victorian extension to the west. These areas have their own distinctive architectural, historic and environmental character, and they successfully conjoin to form a richer, coherent whole. The reasons for its designation as a conservation area are just as valid today as they were in 1976, perhaps more so, and the continued protection of its elements is therefore considered key to the future survival of its special character. 6.4 The survey of the conservation area undertaken in connection with this appraisal revealed a number of buildings and areas of architectural and historic interest, omitted from its boundary as follows:-

 The area of open space to the rear of the Station Hotel and on the south-west side of Liverton Road.

 Nos. 17 to 41 (odds) Micklow Lane and the grassed field and group of trees lying behind No 17 and

Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 19 Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

20 REFERENCES AND NOTES

1. Sections 69 and 71 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 2. Planning Policy Guidance Note (PPG) 15: “Planning and the Historic Environment,” 1994; & English Heritage: • “Development in the Historic Environment,” June 1995. • “Conservation Area Practice,” October 1995. • “Conservation Area Appraisals,” March 1997. • “Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals,” English Heritage, August 2005. 3. Staithes and Hutton Lowcross Conservation Areas fall within the planning jurisdiction of the National Park Authority. 4. Notice published in The Gazette, p. 928, 20th January 1976. 5. Cleveland County Council, “Loftus Conservation Area,” (designation report) October 1975, Report No 54. 6. “The 25th List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest for the District of Langbaurgh (Cleveland)” (Parish of Loftus), Department of the Environment, 27 February 1987. 7. Peter Rowe, Tees Archaeology 26th February 2007. 8. Graves, Reverend John, "History of Cleveland," 1808, p. 341.

Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 21 Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

22 Bibliography & Acknowledgements

Legislation & National Policy Guidance • Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act, 1990. • Planning Policy Guidance Note (PPG) 16: “Archaeology and Planning,” 1990. • English Historic Towns Forum, “Conservation Area Management,” June 1998. Local Authority Reports • Redcar & Cleveland Local Development Framework: Core Strategy DPD adopted July 2007 Policy CS5: Spatial Strategy for East Cleveland and the Villages (p.31). • Redcar & Cleveland Local Development Framework: Development Policies DPD adopted July 2007 Policies DP9: Conservation Areas, DP10: Listed Buildings & DP11: Archaeological sites and Monuments. General • “The Victoria History of the Counties of : Yorkshire North Riding,” Editor: William Page, 1923, Vol. II, p.385-388 • John Walker Ord, “The History and Antiquities of Cleveland,” 1846. • Langdale’s “Yorkshire Dictionary”, 1822. • Baine’s “Directory of the County of York” 1823 • T. Whellan & Co., “History and Topography of the City of York and the North Riding of Yorkshire” Vol. I, 1859. • Lyndon F. Cave, “The Smaller English House” Robert Hale, 1981. • H. Batsford & C. Fry, “The English Cottage” Batsford, 1944. • Cleveland County Archaeology Section, “The Former Medieval Villages of Redcar and Cleveland: An Archaeological and Planning Assessment,” 1996. • Sheppard, J. A., “Metrological Analysis of Regular Village Plans in Yorkshire,” Agricultural History Review, 22, 1974. • “The Former Medieval Villages of Redcar and Cleveland – an Archaeology and Planning Assessment,” Cleveland County Archaeology Section, 1996. • Civic Trust, “Loftus Project Report” 1989. • Beilby, Mrs Mary, for important local information.

Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 23 Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

24 APPENDIX 1: Plan of Loftus Conservation Area

NB Plan is available as a more detailed separate download at: http://www.redcarcleveland.gov.uk/conservationareas

Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 25 Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

26 APPENDIX 2: Listed Buildings

Schedule of Listed Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest in Loftus Conservation Area

From the “25th List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest for the District of Langbaurgh (Cleveland)” (Parish of Loftus), Department of the Environment, 27 February 1987.

Boulby Drive, Linden House, Grade II East Crescent, No 1, Grade II East Crescent, Nos. 2 & 3, Grade II East Crescent, Old Beck Cottage, No 9, Grade II Gaskel Lane, Loftus Mill, mill house & mill race, Grade II Gaskel Lane, Mill sluice in garden of 5 Gaskel Lane, Grade II Hall Grounds, Blanchland, Nos. 12 & 14, Grade II High Street, The Old Zetland School, Grade II High Street, boundary/retaining wall, railings & gate piers to The Old Zetland School, Grade II High Street, No 19, Grade II High Street, boundary wall, gatepiers, gate & railings south of 19 High Street, Grade II High Street, No 21, Grade II High Street, No 28 (former Nat West Bank), Grade II High Street, Angel Inn, No 31, Grade II High Street, Nos. 32, 33 & 34, Grade II High Street, Pear Tree Cottage, No 35, Grade II High Street, Nos. 36 & 37, Grade II High Street, No 38, area retaining wall, gate piers & angle piers, Grade II High Street, Presbytery, No 39, Grade II High St, 1-4 Abrams Buildings, Grade II High St, Drinking Fountain, Trough, War Memorial, steps & railings, Grade II High Street, The White Horse, No 73, Grade II High Street, Barclays Bank, 74, Grade II High Street, Golden Lion Hotel, Grade II High Street, Town Hall, Grade II High Street, Church of St Leonard, Grade II High Street, Stable House, Grade II

Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 27 Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

High Street, Jessemine Cottage, Grade II St Hilda's Place, Nos. 2 to 7, Grade II St Hilda's Place, No 8, Grade II Water Lane, Kingdom Hall, Grade II Water Lane, boundary wall between Kingdom Hall & Dam St, Grade II

The total number of listed buildings is 32

28 APPENDIX 3: Planning Policies

Local Development Framework (LDF) Policies affecting Loftus Conservation Area

1. The Redcar & Cleveland Local Development Framework, which includes policies in the adopted Core Strategy and Development Policies Development Plan Documents (DPDs), sets out several policies relating to this conservation area. Those current at the time of writing are as follows; for an up to date list of extant policies, please visit the Council’s website, www.redcar-cleveland.gov.uk./ldf. 2. Policy CS25 of the Core Strategy indicates that development proposals will be expected to contribute positively to the character of the built and historic environment of the Borough, and that the character of the built and historic environment will be protected, preserved or enhanced. 3. The spatial strategy for East Cleveland and the Villages (Core Strategy policy CS6) indicates that the Council and its partners will safeguard and enhance the district centre of Loftus, and the settlement’s buildings, sites and areas of heritage and cultural importance. 4. With the exception of land at South Loftus and a small parcel of land to the east of Spring Head Terrace, the entire conservation area is located within the 'Limits to Development'. Policy DP1 of the Development Policies DPD sets out the limited types of development that will be permitted outside the development limits, and indicates that within the limits, development will generally be acceptable, subject to other development plan policies and designations. The limits to development are indicated on the LDF Proposals Map. 5. The conservation area encompasses the core of Loftus District Centre, which is indicated by the town/district/local centre notation on the LDF Proposals Map. Policy CS18 focuses town centre uses (retail, leisure, social, education, arts, cultural, office, residential and commercial) within this area, and seeks to maintain and where appropriate, enhance the vitality and viability of the centre, including the appearance and environmental quality of the centre and promoting the reuse of vacant buildings. 6. General criteria around site selection, sustainable design and the matters that the Council may seek developer contributions for, are set out policies DP2, DP3 and DP4 of the Development Policies DPD. Policies DP9, DP10 and DP11 set out development control criteria for conservation areas, listed buildings and archaeological sites and monuments respectively.

NB The planning policies referred to above are current at the time of writing; for an up to date list of extant policies, please visit the Council’s website, www.redcar-cleveland.gov.uk./ldf or contact: 01287 612356.

Loftus Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 29 This document is available in alternative formats and in different languages on request. If you need support or assistance to help you read and/or understand this document, please contact the Council on 01642 774774.

this is Redcar & Cleveland

Regeneration Directorate Redcar & Cleveland House Street Redcar TS10 1RT

www.redcar-cleveland.gov.uk

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T 1 h t L a A P Produced from Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the N Date: 22/01/2009 Drawn By: DM E Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown Copyright.

FB Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to Southfield View Regeneration prosecution or civil proceedings. Scale@A3: 1:3,026 DWG No: CON090 Cotonou Directorate FB Redcar & Cleveland BC Licence No. 100019983 2009