Marske Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act 1990 this is Redcar & Cleveland Marske Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. PHYSICAL SETTING AND TOPOGRAPHY 3

3. HISTORIC ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT 5

4. CHARACTER APPRAISAL 7

5. OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT 15

6. CONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY 19

7. CONCLUSIONS 21

References and Notes 23

Bibliography 25

APPENDIX 1: Conservation Area Boundary 27

APPENDIX 2: Listed Buildings 29

APPENDIX 3: Planning Policies 31

APPENDIX 4: Historic Origins and Development of Marske 33

Marske Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 Marske Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 As part of its continuing duties under Planning Policies affecting the the Planning Acts, Redcar and Conservation Area Cleveland Borough Council has prepared1 appraisals for 15 of its 17 1.4 The Redcar & Cleveland Local conservation areas2. Development Framework (LDF) includes several policies relating to the The Designation of Marske-by- conservation area. See Appendix 3. the-Sea Conservation Area Conservation Area Appraisal 1.2 Marske Conservation Area was 1.5 A conservation area appraisal is the first designated by Langbaurgh Borough step in a dynamic process, the aim of Council and Cleveland County Council which is to preserve and enhance the on 28th July 19763. The boundary of the character and appearance of the conservation area was tightly drawn to designated area. This appraisal include the historic core of the provides a clear and sound settlement comprising the High Street understanding of Marske Conservation with Marske Hall and the parish church Area by recording, evaluating and of St Mark. The reasons and purpose of presenting all of the key elements that designation are set down in the together make up its special interest, designation report4. character and attractiveness and by considering its relative importance in Other Protective Designations the Borough-wide context. It also within the Conservation Area identifies negative features and 1.3.1 There is only one Tree Preservation opportunities for improvement. Order. It protects several groups of 1.6 The appropriateness of the trees as follows:- conservation area boundary has been Several trees within the grounds of considered and after public consultation Marske Hall. this appraisal and its recommendations including confirmation of the existing A group of trees in St Mark’s boundary of the conservation area, was Churchyard. approved by Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council on 18th July 2008. This Several trees on the open space on appraisal has been revisited to ensure it the south side of Redcar Road. remains relevant and up to date. The 1.3.2 The Order also included several present conservation area boundary is individual and groups of trees on St shown on the plan in Appendix 1. Germain’s Lane, but these have been 1.6 While it covers the topics referred to in felled. PPG 156 and in guidance issued by 1.3.3 There are 27 listed buildings (buildings English Heritage7, the appraisal is not of special architectural or historic intended to be comprehensive and the interest) within the conservation area5. omission of any particular building, They are listed in Appendix 2. feature or space should not be taken to imply that it is of no interest. The 1.3.4 There are no scheduled monuments in appraisal should not be regarded as a the conservation area. static document. It will be subject to review and update, especially in the 1.3.5 There are no Article 4 Directions in the light of new research and as more conservation area. information and knowledge becomes available. 1.7 The next step of the process will be the formulation of conservation area

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management proposals to provide a basis for making sustainable decisions about the conservation area’s future.

2 2. PHYSICAL SETTING AND TOPOGRAPHY

2.1 Marske is a coastal settlement lying approximately 4km (2½ miles) south- east of Redcar and 3.5km (2.2 miles) west of Saltburn and straddles the ancient highway linking the settlements at the foot of the Cleveland Hills. 2.2 The settlement occupies an elevated and slightly undulating coastal plain, skirting the northern and western sides of the Cleveland Hills and sloping gently north-west, down towards the sea. Streams have cut narrow ravines into the boulder clay, including the valley of the now culverted Spout Beck, the valley of which skirts the east side of Marske, its seaward end forming the Valley Gardens. 2.3 The built fabric of the early settlement was strongly influenced by the availability of local building materials. Timber sourced from the indigenous forests and the more durable orange/brown sandstone quarried from the nearby hills and cliffs. 2.4 Bricks and tiles initially imported from the Low Countries in the mid-17th century were later manufactured from the local clays to make the orange/red bricks and pantiles now so characteristic of this area. Although straw and heather thatch survived on buildings until the 1950s, slates and clay pantiles came into common use 30 years earlier. 2.5 In the 19th century the development of the railways gave access to a more eclectic range of building materials from diverse and distant sources, including creamy white ‘Pease’ bricks from the Durham coalfield and roofing slates from Cumbria and North Wales.

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4 3. HISTORIC ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT

3.1 A review of the historic development of then mushroomed in the second half of Marske is important in order to the 20th century to become a substantial understand how it has evolved to its dormitory town. present form and acquired the distinctive elements that make up its special character. It is also important to consider it in the context of other surviving historic settlements in the Redcar and Cleveland area and beyond. This section provides only a brief outline of the past to help place the conservation area in historical context, a more detailed account being given in Appendix 4. 3.2 The settlement and name of Marske have Saxon origins while the manor of “Mersche” is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. Marske seems to have relocated at least twice in its history; from its Anglo-Saxon site around the old Church of St Germain on the east side of Spout Beck, to Hall Close on the south side of the railway and then to its present site centered on the junction of High Street with Redcar Road. 3.3 Later periods of prosperity led to development along the High Street towards the sea and the erection of Marske Hall in the 17th century provided a focus for the village. 3.4 In the second half of the nineteenth century, mining of local ironstone and the arrival of the railway line from Middlesbrough produced a further phase of expansion along and behind both sides of the High Street. This continued steadily into the 20th century when the extensive post war housing estates were developed to the east and west of the older settlement core in tandem with the redevelopment of the main shopping area at the Redcar Road / High Street traffic junction.

Summary 3.5 From being an economically self- sufficient agricultural settlement with all of the traditional trades and a busy high street from medieval times, Marske expanded in the Victorian period and

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6 4. CHARACTER APPRAISAL

Settlement Form and layout enter the conservation area and the historic core of the village at the striking 4.1 The present High Street forms the Mock Tudor style Ship Inn. principal linear axis of the settlement, running from north to south. It 4.5 The vista obtained from the western characteristically narrows at its historic approach along Redcar Road, is ends - close to Church Street and just dominated by the distant and distinctive south of The Wynd. Between these two tower of St Mark’s Church. The sense points and for the first 250m of Redcar of arrival is confirmed as the screening Road the highway occupies a ‘hollow belt of mature trees reveals Marske way’ with the buildings being set on Hall, a Grade I listed, three-storey, slightly higher ground on either side. Jacobean mansion, set behind a broad This feature re-appears at the south lawn and partly screened by a high, end of the High Street and continues stone and iron balustraded, boundary beyond the railway bridge to Hall Close. wall. Across the road, an attractive, The historic grain of development is set well-wooded and grassed open space by narrow plots grouped in rows and (the vestiges of the Hall’s more interspersed with alleyways leading to extensive landscape setting) serves as smaller scale development at the rear an important visual foil, separating the and to the former back lane. 1960s housing estate from the attractive, mid-Victorian, Vernacular 4.2 The western boundary, back lane and Revival style, Pease brick former school garths of the historic settlement are now and school house and the historic core largely eroded by modern development, of the village beyond. but the eastern boundary is still for the most part defined by the meandering 4.6 Emerging from the railway bridge on the edge of the deeply cut valley of Spout southern approach, one enters the Beck. conservation area at the Zetland Hotel. From this point the linear, though 4.3 At its north end the High Street slightly serpentine and gently continues by way of a ‘dogleg’ deviation undulating, course of the High Street, to the east and then north to Cliff falls away gently downhill towards the House. Here the street is predominantly sea, its north end concealed by the single sided with only one historic ‘dogleg’ in its meandering course. structure - the Tithe Barn - on the east side. Character of the Built Heritage Approaches to the 4.7 It is the buildings of the conservation Conservation Area area, their relationship to the spaces between them and the ways in which 4.4 The sense of arrival in Marske those spaces are used that determine Conservation Area is of key importance its character. Allied to these are the to its appreciation by residents and predominant land uses that contribute visitors alike. The approach via the to the ambience and sustainability of Coast Road is distinctive, being the area. Collectively, the buildings are heralded by the tall, turreted, Tudor locally distinctive and help make Gothic style Cliff House, standing Marske a special place. prominently on the low headland at the beach end of the High Street and Cliff Earlier buildings - Form and Terrace. Other historic properties in Cliff Terrace are largely hidden from this Style view by a row of two-storey, mid-20th 4.8 Buildings in Marske date from the 17th century suburban houses lining the east through to the 20th centuries. Although side of the road as it swings south to the earliest buildings would have been

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single storey, only parts of a few of 4.12 The early use of brick is restricted to the these survive today, e.g. Nos. 94 & 149 18th century Dovecote and walled High Street. In later, more prosperous garden at Marske Hall. times, dwellings were either raised to two storeys or replaced by two-storey 4.13 Rendering and painting of masonry, cottages and farmhouses, and farm except where it was originally intended, outbuildings were converted to is generally inappropriate and can dwellings. While they generally form conceal attractive, durable, historic rows, these are enlivened by the facing materials. different individual building heights and 4.14 Roofs are clad in clay pantiles and later building lines. in slate. Thatch, which survived on No 4.9 The predominant traditional roof form is 149 High Street until 1956, has now all pitched, with gables at each end, gone. usually concealed within the rows. They 4.15 The earliest window openings are have varied eaves and ridge lines and ‘landscape’ format or square. They angles of pitch that are further would have had stone mullions, sills articulated by chimney stacks, and and lintels, and particularly keyed rooflights. The earliest dwellings may lintels. Although there are no complete date back three or more centuries, their surviving examples, the earliest glazed true age often being concealed behind windows would have had iron frames later alterations, additions and and tiny leaded lights. rendering, leaving the tell-tale steeply- pitched roofs as testimony to the past 4.16 From the early 18th century, the multi- use of thatch. paned, timber sash window was used in its vertically-sliding and ‘Yorkshire’ 4.10 Marske’s early buildings possess a horizontally-sliding forms. The sturdy unity of building style that contributes ‘Yorkshire’ sash would have positively to the character of Marske. predominated in the earlier cottages Those built before 1850 display the and in the rear elevations of the more typical, East Cleveland vernacular substantial dwellings, while vertically- building tradition, developed over sliding were used in larger houses and hundreds of years. The style is very in later developments. plain with very few decorative embellishments, the character being 4.17 The earliest form of door is vertically expressed through the building form, boarded. Those in larger and later choice of materials and the proportions buildings tend to be of four or more and functional detail of windows and square or rectangular-shaped panels, doors. sometimes with the upper panels glazed. Doorways frequently have Earlier buildings - materials stone lintels, sometimes concealed behind later rendering or by doorcases. 4.11 The earlier buildings were constructed

from indigenous sandstone blocks in th th hues of orange, brown, grey and yellow Buildings of the 19 & 20 tones and having a diversity of surface centuries - Form and Style dressings. Of these ‘herringbone’ and 4.18 A new vernacular domestic style ‘pecked’ dressings are particularly emerged after 1850 in the form of characteristic. The best examples of terraced housing built for the families of stonework have weathered to an ironstone miners and others employed attractive, mature patina. outside Marske. They ranged from the humble two-up and two-down terraces of brick and slate through slightly grander terraces with bay windows to

8 semi-detached villas. Terraces of villas by the frequent use of stone dressings, and houses predominate at the North particularly to window and door end of the High Street and Cliff Terrace, surrounds and moulded and dogtooth- overlooking the Valley Gardens and at patterned eaves courses. the south end. A number of the 19th century brick terraces of artisans 4.22 Roofs are clad with grey/blue/black dwellings survive in back lanes leading roofing slates brought here from Wales of the High Street, e.g. King Edward and Cumbria, with plain, clay Terrace and Prospect Place. ‘Rosemary’ tiles or ‘patented’ tiles. Much recent re-roofing work has been 4.19 In contrast to Marske’s earlier buildings, carried out using man-made slates and many of those of the Victorian period tiles, but these lack the enduring were purposefully designed by subtleties of patina and colour to be architects and builders. They found in their more natural counterparts consequently possess the stylised and detract from the character of the characteristics of the Victorian Domestic area. and Arts and Crafts styles that include th the use of Classical and less frequently 4.23 Victorian and early 20 century Gothic architectural details. domestic windows are predominantly wood, vertically sliding sash windows, 4.20 While most are of two storeys, there are in a variety of forms and patterns. a number of three storey, early-19th These include tripartite arrangements century, terraced seaside villas on Cliff and projecting bay windows that may Terrace and the modern block of shops be canted, square/rectangular or less and flats in the town square. Pitched commonly, bowed in plan. Mid-Victorian roofs predominate with gabled ends, sashes tend to have multiple panes with varied eaves and ridge-lines and angles thin glazing bars. Later ones may have of pitch. Elevations and roofscapes are a large, single pane of glass in each articulated with projecting bay windows, sash, or have multi-paned upper attics lit by rooflights and occasional sashes as in the distinctive Edwardian gabled or flat-roofed dormer windows. Terrace at 165-175 High Street. These combined with chimney stacks of all shapes and sizes, carrying rows of 4.24 Doors are largely of two, four or more clay pots help to enliven the drama of panels of which the uppermost may be the street scene serving to enrich and glazed. Sometimes they have brick flat add interest to the townscape aesthetic. arches or stone lintels, but more frequently they are set in Classical-style doorcases or architraves and have plain Buildings of the 19th & 20th rectangular overlights or curved centuries - Materials fanlights in keeping with the style of the 4.21 From the middle of the 19th century building. brick predominates as the preferred 4.25 Both door and window heads have building material, although stone was stone lintels or flat or segmental arches also used, frequently with a ‘rockfaced’ of rubbed brick while the sills are finish. Bricks were sourced from the usually stone. local area as well as further afield and included a range of colours and 4.26 There are very few surviving historic textures. From the local orange/red shop fronts, of which the best are at handmade and machine-made bricks to Nos. 95 and 160 High Street. creamy white ‘Pease’ bricks and smooth, red engineering bricks with Summary of Building Character very tight mortar joints used in buildings of the late Victorian and the Edwardian 4.27 On the whole, development that took th periods. The scene is further enriched place in Marske in the 19 and early

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20th centuries tended to enrich its serve as visual anchors and give the village character by introducing an conservation area a special identity. occasionally larger scale of building and They include the following:- a diversity of style, materials and character resulting in the creation of a Marske Hall, because of its status, more visually dynamic yet homogenous scale, extensive grounds and setting whole. is clearly the principal visual, historic and spatial ‘anchor’ building in the 4.28 The mid 20th century commercial conservation area. developments were much less successful. They possess the soulless St Mark’s Parish Church, with its tall, character of post-war architecture, square, tower dominating the skyline brutally imposed upon the streetscape within and without the conservation creating visual disharmony, detracting area. significantly from Marske’s historic The Vernacular Revival style former character. The later Co-operative school and school house dated Supermarket and Leisure Centre 1863, with its intact architectural development is perhaps less intrusive, detail and decorative iron front but nonetheless sits very awkwardly railings, compliments St Mark’s with its close neighbours. These Church on the opposite side of buildings are included in the Redcar Road on the approach to the conservation area only to achieve a conservation area. consistent and coherent area of buildings and spaces. Cliff House, the large, impressive, freestanding turreted former 4.29 The area to the east of the High Street, mansion at the north end of Cliff centered on Church Street, St. Terrace, towering above the beach Germain’s Lane and Spain Hill is quite while featuring strongly in views different in character to the rest of the from the Coast Road and the settlement core. The valley of the Skelton Road. culverted Spout Beck meanders through an area of low density, mid-20th The Ship Inn - an inter-war, Mock century dwellings mixed with 19th and Tudor ‘island’ roadhouse, close to early 20th century terraced cottages. the entry into the conservation area Variations in ground level, the from Redcar. An attractive building, comparatively larger garden areas and let down only by its ill-defined the once luxuriant tree cover combined frontage surfaced with a ‘sea’ of to make this small, secluded area an tarmacadam and littered with attractive residential environment and, bollards. although most of the buildings have lost Winkies Castle, 162 High Street, their period character and mature trees one of the most attractive and have been felled, the area does still interesting minor domestic buildings posses a particular quality that is in the conservation area. beneficial to the special character of the conservation area. Open Spaces and Landscape - sense of enclosure Key Townscape Buildings 4.31 In the core of the village and on the 4.30 A small number of buildings are of a narrow lanes leading off, the buildings larger scale than the majority of flanking the street create a strong buildings and possess such individual sense of enclosure. In the High Street character that they are visually and this is enhanced by the forms of historically memorable. These can be enclosure to gardens and the effect of defined as key townscape buildings that the ‘sunken road’ or ‘hollow-way’ formed

10 along much of its length by centuries of Backlands traffic, a key characteristic feature. 4.35 At the rear of properties, many burgage 4.32 Earlier properties tend to have small, strips and garths were sacrificed in the enclosed front gardens whereas many last 150 years to residential and Victorian properties have either tiny commercial developments and the enclosed front ‘areas,’ or, they are built creation of public open space. hard against the pavement edge. Inter- Sometimes development of the garths war semi-detached houses between has preserved their distinctive strip Spain Hill and Church Street have pattern, e.g. Yeoman Terrace and large, well-planted gardens. Chapel Street. The rare survival of intact garths includes those at Nos.55- 4.33 Important front boundary features 59, 87 & 147-49 High Street. These are include:- important, tangible, historic reference points, indicative of Marske’s ancient Stone or brick walls, plinths and origins. gatepiers, frequently with stone copings of various shapes and 4.36 Many later dwellings, particularly the carved and shaped pier caps, many smaller properties, have only small now painted. They generally match backyards enclosed by high brick walls, the materials facing the ‘parent’ but many of these are filled with building. Such features tend to be unsympathetic rear extensions. visually important in the streetscape. 4.37 The public recreation ground lying Timber fences of a variety of types, behind the east side of the High Street though predominantly picket fences, is a large, open, grassed area, the close-boarded and larch-lap being appearance of which is enhanced by the least attractive. the narrow wooded head of the valley of Spout Beck. Although this area lies Ornamental ironwork of varied styles outside the conservation area boundary, and qualities. it is nonetheless important to its setting, Hedges, frequently set behind walls serving as a buffer between the older and fences, of various species, High Street and the modern housing though predominantly privet. developments to the east.

Combinations of more than one of 4.38 A similar buffer is provided behind the these. corresponding west side of the High Street by the allotment gardens. Steps leading to front doors, flanked by walls and/or decorative handrails. Town Square 4.34 During the two world wars characteristic 4.39 The ‘town square’ created in the 1960s wrought iron railings were removed has large, raised, grassed beds with from the boundary walls of Victorian stone retaining walls, enclosing and Edwardian properties. Some have walkways with ‘municipal’ style been reinstated using steel and timber benches, flower beds and a modern of a lesser quality than the originals. elevated metal sculpture. This is a Many other features have been featureless open space lacking the renewed, sometimes in keeping with strong sense of place once possessed the character of the area, but most by this part of Marske. often not. Valley Gardens 4.40 The Valley Gardens provide a naturally sheltered haven in an otherwise flat

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landscape. It has all the characteristics to the sense of place. Significant groups of a traditional municipal park, with of trees include the following:- attractive grassy banks, sitting areas, planting beds filled with shrubs or At the south end of High Street and seasonal bedding plants. Tarmacadam- on Dundas Terrace. surfaced footpaths lead down to the On the north side of The Wynd, beach where the gardens merge with close to Spain Hill. the dunes and the sands where parked tractors, cobles, other watercraft and In the rear gardens of 58-60 High their paraphernalia make their own Street. contribution to the area’s distinctive Street and garden trees in St Mark’s character. Close. 4.41 At the south end, close to the Tithe Front garden of Long Garth, west Barn, the Valley Gardens are crossed side of the High Street. by the ‘Vicar’s Trod,’ an ancient stone- paved footpath linking the old Church of Front gardens of 145-149 & 151 St Germain with the former Vicarage at High Street. No 215 High Street. The gardens are a key area of open space, serving as an At the rear of the Ship Inn. effective and important visual foil Gardens of properties on Church between the historic core of the Street, Church Lane and St settlement and the housing estate on Germain’s Lane. the east side of the valley. On the green space south of Redcar The Highway Road*. 4.42 The spaces formed by the adopted In St Mark’s churchyard*. highway are mostly surfaced with innocuous standard materials, e.g. On the front lawn of Marske Hall*. concrete flagged footpaths and Those marked with a * are protected by tarmacadam carriageways. Traffic a Tree Preservation Order. signage and street furniture similarly lack the quality of design and materials appropriate to a conservation area. Vistas and Views 4.45 Views into the conservation area from 4.43 Only a few examples of attractive, the main approach roads are described traditional hard surfacing materials in paragraphs 4.3 to 4.5 above. Other survive within the conservation area, as important views and vistas are as follows:- follows:- The scoria-block surfaced lane in From the High Street (south of the Prospect Place. roundabout) looking south, past the The road edging channels on attractive group of trees in the Redcar Road. gardens of 14-24 High Street, to the distant backdrop of Errington Wood.

Trees From the High Street (north of the 4.44 Trees tend to be stunted by the hostile roundabout) looking northwards marine environment and therefore through its open, lower end, figure sparsely throughout the affording glimpses of the sea, a conservation area. Wherever they do poignant reminder of Marske’s occur they enhance its appearance and coastal location. character by adding an extra dynamic

12 From Cliff Terrace to the beach, The suburban area around St across the Valley Gardens to the Germains Lane. distant spire of St Germain’s and beyond to Huntcliff. 4.48 The two ancient sites, Hall Close and the remains of St Germain’s Church From the seaward end of the Valley referred to above and in Appendix 3 are Gardens looking towards the High excluded from the conservation area Street and Cliff Terrace. owing to their separation from the existing village by modern housing and From the foreshore, views of the a railway line. However, both sites are Valley Gardens, Cliff House and Cliff protected by other means. The tower of Terrace. the church tower is a grade II listed From the recreation ground behind building and Hall Close a scheduled the east side of the High Street, monument. along the eastern edge the conservation area.

Summary of character 4.46 In spite of its rapid expansion in the 20th century the basic linear layout of Marske’s historic settlement core remains substantially unaltered. The key features of the character of Marske Conservation Area are derived from the extent to which its early historic development and its later evolution and extensions are still represented in the surviving fabric. Despite the erosion of original architectural features, it is considered that the surviving layout of Marske together with the older buildings still has sufficient collective character to form a coherent whole. 4.47 Marske Conservation Area therefore includes almost the whole length of the expanded historic settlement core centred on the High Street and running from The Zetland Hotel to the Cliff House and the sea embracing the following sub-areas:-

The early medieval historic core together with its later extensions to the north and south and surviving rear garths and burgage plots.

Marske Hall, the Church of St Mark and their settings including the former school and institute, on Redcar Road.

The Valley Gardens (valley of Spout Beck).

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14 5. OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT

5.1 This section summarizes a number of such controls are difficult to monitor and negative elements in the conservation cannot be used to re-reinstate lost area, some of which are identified in features. It may therefore be more above, and suggests possible remedial appropriate to encourage owners of actions and opportunities for property to undertake future changes in improvement. keeping with the special character of the buildings themselves as well as the Buildings conservation area. 5.2 Most of the properties in the historic core have lost their authentic, Archaeology characteristic features, particularly 5.6 Despite the erosion of architectural and roofing materials, windows and doors, historic detail, it is likely that historic the latter two usually being replaced in building analysis of the older buildings UPVC, detracting significantly from the in the High Street may reveal structural special character of individual buildings elements from earlier periods than their and the area as a whole. external appearance might suggest - possibly even medieval. It is therefore 5.3 Unsympathetic alterations and additions very important to pursue at every not only detract from the character of opportunity the measures provided individual buildings but also spoil the under the Planning Acts, other look of the entire area. Such works legislation and advice, to investigate, include:- record and wherever appropriate Altered and enlarged window conserve, the authentic historic external openings. and internal fabric of buildings. Poorly designed extensions. Advertisements Over-large dormer windows. 5.7 Many of the shopfronts and particularly their fascias and other signage, are Crude conversions of shops back to aesthetically inappropriate to the dwellings. character and appearance of the Execution of repairs using conservation area. Particularly inappropriate materials and unsightly, is the oversized blank fascia techniques. and advertising hoarding on the corner of The Wynd and High Street. The use Loss of chimney stacks. of powers under the provisions of the Advertisement Regulations should be Visual clutter on the fronts of tested as a means of securing the properties includes satellite dishes, removal of such hoardings and owners wires and cables, disused brackets, should be encouraged to improve the burglar alarms, etc. appearance and quality of signage on 5.4 Although much of this change is due to their premises. the absence of Article 4 Directions, 5.8 The buildings detracting most from the some listed buildings have suffered a character of the historic core are those similar fate. developed in the 1960s and 1970s to 5.5 Article 4 Directions withdraw certain form the town square. Their visual permitted development rights for impact might be improved by domestic and commercial properties so undertaking environmental that planning permission is required for improvements to the ‘town square’ and relatively minor building alterations by encouraging owners of properties to including the replacement of windows, improve the appearance of their doors and minor extensions. However, building frontages.

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Frontages and reinstatement is needed to ensure its preservation. 5.9 Numerous front gardens and boundary structures of both domestic and 5.16 These matters require further commercial properties have been consideration and should be addressed destroyed to create car parking spaces, in the context of a Conservation Area leaving the frontages surfaced in a Management Plan. variety of hard materials, the worst being unsightly patches of concrete or The Highway Environment tarmacadam. 5.17 Most areas of carriageway and 5.10 Where boundary structures have been pavement are surfaced in innocuous removed from former enclosed ‘areas’ standard materials, e.g. concrete flags in front of commercial properties, the or tarmacadam. Some areas are poorly surfaces remain un-adopted leaving a maintained or have been ‘patch’ hotchpotch of unattractive materials, repaired using inconsistent materials e.g. 82-88 and 178-182 High Street. and are inappropriate in the context of Owners of properties should be the surroundings e.g.:- encouraged restore front ‘areas’ and garden spaces and to undertake future In front of Nos. 133/135 High Street changes in keeping with the special 178 High Street character of the buildings themselves Yeoman Terrace as well as the conservation area. South end of Cliff Terrace. Landscape issues Church Street 5.11 The entrance to the Valley Gardens from Church Lane has inappropriate, The frontage to the Ship Inn modern ‘Victorian’ style steel railings 5.18 A number of culs-de-sac leading off the and gates. The visually inappropriate main thoroughfares have the chain-link fencing along the west appearance of being too wide and over- boundary is dilapidated and unsightly. engineered, resulting in a ‘sea’ of 5.12 The car park at the Health centre on tarmacadam, e.g. Dovecote Close and Hall Close lacks landscaping and Kerridge Close. This approach can lead planting to soften the harshness of the to an over-urbanisation of the village hard surfaces. character of Marske. Care should therefore be exercised when 5.13 The seasonal use of weedkiller around considering future proposals for the edges of grassed open spaces development, to ensure the design for creates unsightly sterile borders of bare the highway component is understated, earth that detracts from the sensitive and in keeping with the attractiveness of the area. character of the conservation area. 5.14 The soulless open space that is the 5.19 Most street furnishings are lacking in ‘town square’ has potential for the kind design and aesthetic appeal. They are of improvements that would reduce the also used in ways that cause visual visual impact of the modern buildings clutter and consequently detract from while creating a more attractive and the special character and appearance useable space for the benefit of town of the conservation area. Highway, and centre users. advertising signs, street lighting columns, concrete and plastic bollards, 5.15 The ‘Vicar’s Trod’ in the Valley Gardens, litter bins, seats, older bus shelters, and is partly eroded or buried beneath lighting paraphernalia are the principal tarmacadam and sensitive conservation

16 culprits and are to be found in following 5.21 The opportunity presents itself for areas:- different highway standards in conservation areas enabling On the traffic roundabout, negating improvements that will improve the the visual prominence of the streetscape and enhance their special recently installed anchor. character and appearance. Adoption of Utilitarian galvanised steel a coherent and rational approach to pedestrian barriers, particularly at highway design and management the traffic roundabout. would be beneficial, but as a first step, consideration should be given to Concrete bollards in front of the Ship improving the choice of paint colour for Inn. lighting columns and traffic signs. Continuing efforts are also needed to A group of bollards, traffic and street reduce the number of traffic signs and name signs at the opening into to consolidate signs onto single rather Church Street. than multiple poles, tasks to be An unnecessary row of sundry street addressed in co-operation with the furnishings intended to prevent car Council’s Highways function. parking on an equally unnecessary paved area fronting the Co- Overhead Services Operative supermarket. The area 5.22 There are pole-mounted, overhead and the setting of the building would wires on Yeoman Terrace and on the benefit from permanent landscaping ‘dogleg’ and north end of the High on a raised bed, to reflect the Street. These are inoffensive having character of adjacent domestic their own character, forming ‘umbrellas’ gardens. around the distribution poles. The most Pole-mounted street name signs, visually intrusive example is a row of e.g. in front of grade II listed four steel electricity distribution columns buildings at 151 High Street and 2 on the south side of Church Street. The Church Street and at Valley Close opportunity to undertake improvements and Dovecote Close. should be addressed in the context of a Conservation Area Management Plan. Utilitarian steel ‘crash barriers’ along the east side of the High Street, Telecommunications Cabinets between Church Lane and the Tithe Barn. 5.23 Most steel distribution cabinets are fairly discretely located within the Redundant traffic sign pole at the openings to streets leading off the High east end of Church Street. Street - with the exception of that standing forward of the grade II listed Unsightly bundles of wires for Ship Inn and marring views of its Christmas lights permanently attractive frontage marring the frontage. fastened to the lighting columns Their large size and ill-considered around the traffic roundabout. locations can also be a hindrance to the The consistent use of drab grey/blue maintenance and repair of buildings paint for virtually all of the steel and other structures; e.g. at the lighting columns and traffic signs. entrance to the Co-Operative car park and to Kerridge Close. This issue 5.20 There are examples of good practice in should be addressed in the context of a the use of lighting columns to carry Conservation Area Management Plan. highway signs and this policy should be adopted universally, e.g. in front of 83/85 and 158 High Street.

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18 6. CONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY

6.1 The present conservation area boundary is for the most part coherent, cohesive and consistent with both the historic core of Marske and its 19th and early-to-mid-20th century extensions. Since its designation in 1976, there has been significant erosion of the character and appearance of historic buildings through unsympathetic alterations as well as the loss of tree cover through felling. However it is considered that there is still sufficient justification for its continued designation.

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20 7. CONCLUSIONS

7.1 This appraisal of Marske Conservation of hoardings and advertisements Area summarises the special and owners should be encouraged characteristics and qualities that justify to improve the appearance and its designation. Though significantly quality of such signage on their altered and its centre redeveloped in premises. the 1960s and 1970s its architectural, historic and environmental qualities, Owners of properties should be rooted in its historical development from encouraged to restore the enclosure the medieval period and in its evolution of front ‘areas’ and garden spaces and expansion from around 1850, are and to undertake future changes in still evident in the built environment keeping with the special character of today. the buildings and the conservation area. 7.2 Marske Conservation Area embraces the whole of the medieval core along When considering proposals for with its later north and south development, care should be taken extensions. Despite the erosion of to ensure the design for the highway character during the last 30 years, the component is understated, sensitive reasons for its designation as a and in keeping with the character of conservation area are still valid and the the conservation area. continued protection of its elements is Consideration should be given to therefore considered key to the future using a paint colour for lighting survival of its special character. columns and traffic signs that is 7.4 The appraisal raises issues about more in keeping with the character certain negative aspects undermining of the conservation area. the special quality of the area and Continuing efforts are also needed identifies actions required to tackle to reduce the number of traffic signs them. A number of the more complex and to consolidate signs onto single problems require further work to rather than multiple poles, tasks to develop practical solutions and these be addressed in co-operation with should be addressed in the context of a the Council’s Highways function. Conservation Area Management Plan. Actions to address some of the less problematic issue are recommended as follows:-

Owners of properties should be encouraged to undertake future changes in keeping with the special character of the buildings and the conservation area.

Measures provided under the Planning Acts, other legislation and advice, should be used at every opportunity to require the investigation, recording and conservation of the authentic historic building fabric.

The use of powers under the provisions of the Advertisement Regulations should be investigated as a means of securing the removal

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22 REFERENCES AND NOTES

1. Planning Policy Guidance Note (PPG) 15: “Planning and the Historic Environment,” HMSO, 1994; and English Heritage, “Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals,” 2005. 2. Staithes and Hutton Lowcross Conservation Areas fall within the planning jurisdiction of the North York Moors National Park Authority. 3. Notice published in The London Gazette, p. 10381, 28th July 1976. 4. “Marske-by-the-Sea Conservation Area,” Cleveland County Council, Report No 56, May 1976. 5. “The 27th List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest for the District of Saltburn, Marske and New Marske, the Borough of Redcar and Cleveland” Department of Culture, Media and Sport,” published on 26th May 1999. 6. Planning Policy Guidance Note (PPG) 15: “Planning and the Historic Environment,” HMSO, 1994. 7. English Heritage: • “Development in the Historic Environment,” June 1995. • “Conservation Area Practice,” October 1995. • “Conservation Area Appraisals,” March 1997. • “Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals,” English Heritage, August 2005.

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24 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Local Authority Reports • Redcar & Cleveland Local Development Framework: Core Strategy DPD Submission, May 2006 Policy CS5: Spatial Strategy for Redcar, items z and bb (p.28). • Redcar & Cleveland Local Development Framework: Core Strategy DPD Submission, May 2006 Policy CS25: Built and Historic Environment (p.71).

Legislation & National Policy Guidance • Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act 1990. • Planning Policy Guidance Note (PPG) 16: “Archaeology and Planning,” 1990. • English Historic Towns Forum, “Conservation Area Management,” June 1998.

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26 APPENDIX 1: Plan of Marske-by-the-Sea Conservation Area

NB Plan is available as a more detailed separate download at: http://www.redcarcleveland.gov.uk/conservationareas

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28 APPENDIX 2: Listed Buildings

Listed Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest in Marske Conservation Area

1. Church Street, Nos. 2 & 2b, grade II 2. Cliff Terrace, Cliff House, grade II 3. High Street, No 53, grade II 4. High Street, No 91A, grade II 5. High Street, Nos. 145 & 145B, grade II 6. High Street, No 145A, grade II 7. High Street, Gazebo and garden wall in The Garth, grade II 8. High Street, Nos. 151 to 157 and attached walls, grade II 9. High Street, No 48, grade II 10. High Street, Nos. 62 & 64, grade II 11. High Street, No 158, grade II 12. High Street, No 162, grade II 13. High Street, The Ship Inn, grade II 14. High Street, garage NE of Ship Inn, grade II 15. High Street, K6 Telephone Kiosk, adjacent to garage of Ship Inn, grade II 16. High Street, Tithe Barn, grade II 17. Redcar Road, Church of St Mark, grade II 18. Redcar Road, walls enclosing grounds of Church of St Mark, grade II 19. Redcar Road, War Memorial, attached piers & linking chains, SW of St Mark’s Church, grade II 20. Redcar Road, Marske Hall, grade I 21. Redcar Road, dovecot, rear of 26 Redcar Road, grade II 22. Redcar Road, garden walls & storage building, at rear of Marske Hall, grade II 23. Redcar Road, garden walls in front of Marske Hall, grade II 24. Redcar Road, storage building north-west of Marske Hall, grade II 25. Redcar Road, 1 & 2 Marske Hall Cottages & attached stables, grade II 26. Redcar Road, former Zetland Estate Office, 36 Redcar Road, grade II

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30 APPENDIX 3: Planning Policies

Local Development Framework (LDF) Policies affecting Marske Conservation Area

1. The Redcar & Cleveland Local Development Framework, which includes policies in the adopted Core Strategy and Development Policies Development Plan Documents (DPDs) as well as saved policies of the adopted Local Plan, set out several policies relating to this conservation area. Those current at the time of writing are as follows; for an up to date list of extant policies, please visit the Council’s website, www.redcar-cleveland.gov.uk./ldf. 2. Policy CS25 of the Core Strategy indicates that development proposals will be expected to contribute positively to the character of the built and historic environment of the Borough, and that the character of the built and historic environment will be protected, preserved or enhanced. 3. The Spatial Strategy for Redcar Area (Core Strategy policy CS5) indicates that for the location generally, the Council and its partners will aim to safeguard and enhance Marske district centre and safeguard and enhance buildings, sites and areas of heritage and cultural importance. 4. With the exception of Valley Gardens, the entire conservation area is located within the 'Limits to Development'. Policy DP1 of the Development Policies DPD sets out the limited types of development that will be permitted outside the development limits, and indicates that within the limits, development will generally be acceptable, subject to other development plan policies and designations. The limits to development are indicated on the LDF Proposals Map. 5. The conservation area encompasses the core of Marske District Centre, which is indicated by the town/district/local centre notation on the LDF Proposals Map. Policy CS18 focuses town centre uses (retail, leisure, social, education, arts, cultural, office, residential and commercial) within this area, and seeks to maintain and where appropriate, enhance the vitality and viability of the centre, including the appearance and environmental quality of the centre and promoting the reuse of vacant buildings. 6. The northern part of Valley Gardens is part of a wider site of nature conservation importance. Policy CS24 indicates that these areas will be protected and enhanced as opportunities arise, whilst Development Policies DP2, DP3 and DP4 indicate that biodiversity interests must not be seriously adversely impacted and that any biodiversity interest is fully incorporated in any proposals. 7. General criteria around site selection, sustainable design and the matters that the Council may seek developer contributions for are set out policies DP2, DP3 and DP4 of the Development Policies DPD. Policies DP9, DP10 and DP11 set out development control criteria for conservation areas, listed buildings and archaeological sites and monuments respectively. NB The planning policies referred to above are current at the time of writing; for an up to date list of extant policies, please visit the Council’s website, www.redcar-cleveland.gov.uk./ldf or contact: 01287 612356.

Marske Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 31 Marske Conservation Area Appraisal 2011

32 APPENDIX 4: Historic Origins and Development of Marske-by-the-Sea

1. Introduction across a wide linear space used as a green and sometimes across a lesser 1.1 A review of the historic development of space used as a highway. Such Marske is important in order to settlements usually straddled an understand how it has evolved to its established road or the convergence of present form and acquired the several roads leading to and from distinctive elements that make up its neighbouring settlements. Collectively special character. It is also important to the properties in each row tend to form consider it in the context of other common well-defined and relatively surviving historic settlements in the straight boundaries at the front and rear Redcar and Cleveland area and with living quarters to the front and beyond. Marske has a diverse history outbuildings to the side and/or rear. and this report consequently provides Long gardens or burgage strips only an outline of the past to help place extended from the rear of each property the conservation area in historical to a common rear boundary, often context. skirted by a path or bridleway. 2. Local Historical Context 2.4 This basic, medieval, settlement layout 2.1 The Redcar and Cleveland area is a remained valid and largely unaltered mix of industrial, urban, semi-urban and until changing farming practices were th th rural settlement, which gives it a distinct introduced in the 18 and 19 centuries, character. While the district still retains or, until urbanisation altered them a large rural base most of its beyond recognition. In Redcar and settlements, originally rural in character, Cleveland the forms and layouts of have taken on an urban and semi-urban relatively few settlements have character under the influence of the managed to survive intact to the industrialisation of the wider Tees Valley present day. th th area in 19 and 20 centuries. Despite 2.5 In the context of the 16 other urbanisation a number of settlements conservation areas in the Redcar and have managed to retain some of their Cleveland area, Marske Conservation historic form and fabric. Marske is such Area broadly ranks alongside Coatham, a settlement. Skinningrove and Brotton viz.:-

2.2 On the basis of surviving visual, Brotton - centre of medieval village archaeological and documentary incrementally re-developed and evidence, it would appear that the older urbanised in the 18th and 19th settlements of the lower Tees Valley centuries with 19th century ‘industrial’ were mostly founded or re-founded, extension. from the late 11th century. They were the product of a deliberate policy of re- Coatham - urbanised one-row settlement imposed by powerful medieval fishing and farming village Norman landowners and institutions incrementally re-developed in the after the ‘devastation of the North’ by 18th century and with planned William of Normandy in 1068-70 when Victorian ‘health resort’ and many settlements were obliterated. suburban extensions. 2.3 Medieval settlements tended to Skinningrove - Core of remains of comprise a group of dwellings, farm medieval farming and fishing buildings workshops and church, hamlet, redeveloped in the 17th & surrounded by open fields. The usual 18th centuries and engulfed by pattern was for buildings to be arranged industrial development after 1850. as a corridor of 2 rows of properties 2.6 These together with Marske are the facing towards each other, sometimes best surviving of the urbanised

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settlements, still retaining sufficient in the village being sited mid-way historic character to justify designation between the two. as conservation areas. 3.3 When, in the early 17th century, the Pennyman family succeeded in 3. Historic Development of consolidating the three land holdings, Marske they erected Marske Hall, their own manor house and a focus for 3.1 Settlement Origins development for nearly 400 years. Although the ancient origins and development of Marske have not been 3.4 Settlement Form thoroughly researched or investigated, The present High Street forms the it is possible to give a basic outline from principal axis of the settlement, running the material available. The name from north to south. It characteristically ‘Marske,’ is a combination of Old narrows at its historic ends - at Church English and Scandinavian, meaning 'on Street and a point just south of The the marsh'1 implying a first millennium Wynd. Between these two points and settlement. Documentary sources2 refer for the first 250m of Redcar Road the to a well-established Anglo Saxon or highway occupies a ‘hollow way’ with earlier settlement with a church and this the buildings being set on slightly higher information together with the discovery ground on either side. The same feature of Anglo-Scandinavian pottery3 points to is repeated at the south end of the High an early settlement site centered on the Street and continues beyond the old Church of St Germain, the site and railway bridge to Hall Close. Early tower of which survive today 500m to maps7 show a very clear western the east of the core of the village3. boundary and back lane to the While the church continued to serve the settlement running from the Hall Close parish until 1867, the village itself manorial site3 in the south and relocated on the opposite side of Spout extending to Scanbeck Howl on the cliff Beck, its present location, probably in edge. The eastern boundary is defined the early medieval period. by the meandering edge of the steeply 3.2 To south of Marske, just beyond the cut valley of Spout Beck. The layout is railway track, is Hall Close, a that of a typical, Norman, two-row Scheduled Monument, containing the village as described in paragraphs 3.3 alleged remains of a medieval manorial & 3.4 above. settlement4. It lies in relative isolation 3.5 At its north end the High Street some 500m from the core of the continues by way of a ‘dogleg’ deviation existing village and 1km from the St to the east and then north to Cliff Germain’s Church. This physical House. Here the street is predominantly separation of ‘manor house’, church single sided with only one historic and village is unusual and appears to structure - the Tithe Barn - on the east have arisen through subdivision of the side. This may be an early settlement manorial lands after 1066. The extension of medieval or post-medieval Domesday survey (1086)5 and origin, whereas the southern extension subsequent land ownership records of the High Street did not take place show that for much of the medieval until the second half of the 19th century. period the extensive manor of Marske6 was owned by three different families th with the manor and church coming 3.6 18 Century Agricultural under separate control. These two Changes opposing poles seem to have resulted Records show8 that until the middle of the 19th century, agriculture was the

34 principal economic activity around building material at this time along with which other traditional occupations, the more indigenous stone. supplemented with fishing and smuggling9, served to ensure the 3.9 In the 1840s the erection of Cliff House settlement’s self sufficiency. In the as the seaside home of industrial second half of the 18th Century10 the magnate Joseph Pease, stimulated consolidation, restructure and enclosure Marske’s development as a seaside of Marske’s agricultural land impacted resort. However, it lacked a grand hotel greatly upon the fabric of the village. and significant leisure facilities and was People moving to the new farmsteads destined to be no more than a small but developed on the enclosed farms respectable resort. outside the settlement outside gave rise th to depopulation in the village, many 3.10 20 Century Expansion farmhouses, farm buildings and From the middle of the 20th century, a cottages becoming redundant. military base, subsequently used as an Surprisingly, the altered remains of industrial estate on the west side of several pre-enclosure farms and Marske, coupled with major industrial cottages still survive from this period11. expansion on Teesside, generated an unprecedented demand for housing. 3.7 19th Century Development Marske responded with the The next significant phase in Marske’s development of large, suburban development came in the second half of housing estates on its east and west the 19th century. In 1851 the sides. commencement of ironstone extraction 3.11 Pressures generated by a larger at Upleatham Mine, 2 Km south-west of population led to redevelopment of the Marske, created a sudden demand for commercial core and the construction of housing for the workforce. Marske’s a new estate road13, turning the ‘T’ population doubled in less than ten junction into a busy crossroads at the 12 years with a consequent impact on the traffic roundabout on the High Street. built environment. The extension of the The parades of shops enclosing the Stockton & Darlington Railway to newly formed town square date from 3 Marske and Saltburn in 1859 brought this period and the Leisure Centre and further pressures by making the village Co-operative Supermarket quickly accessible to middle-class followed them on the west side of the professionals, their families and High Street. servants from the industrial towns on the Tees. 3.12 The significant loss to Marske’s heritage caused by the clearance of historic 3.8 The development of a hierarchy of new buildings led to demands to kerb further dwellings took place in the form of new development informing the detached and semi-detached town decision to designate Marske houses on vacant plots and on the sites Conservation Area in 1976. of older dwellings within the settlement core and in more modest terraced form 4. Summary on the High Street to the south and on backlands and lanes leading off the 4.1 From being an economically self- High Street. They were accompanied by sufficient agricultural settlement with all schools, chapels, institutes, a hospital of the traditional trades and a busy high and in 1867 a large new parish church, street from medieval times, Marske collectively contributing to a more expanded in the Victorian period and diverse and visually dynamic then mushroomed in the second half of townscape. White and red brick the 20th century to become a substantial became a more commonly used dormitory town.

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36 REFERENCES & NOTES

1. Smith, A.H. “The Place Names of the North Riding of Yorkshire,” English Place Names Society 1928, Vol. 5. CUP. p. 154; and http://www.northeastengland.talktalk.net/Place%20Name%20Meanings%20K%20to%20O.h tm 2. Domesday Survey of c.1086 3. Tees Archaeology, Historic Environment Record, P. Rowe, 23-10-2006 4. English Heritage, “Schedule of Monuments,” 14-03-2000. The Scheduled site includes the remains of a manorial settlement, a dovecote and part of a field system of medieval date. 5. “The Victoria History of the Counties of England: Yorkshire North Riding,” Editor: William Page, 1923, Vol. II, p.376 6. The medieval manor and parish of Marske was more extensive than today and included the nearby settlements of Redcar, Saltburn and probably Upleatham. 7. E.g. the Ordnance Survey, First Edition, Six-Inch-to-One-Mile map, 1857. 8. Reddan, Minnie “The Victoria History of the County of York, North Riding, Edited by William Page, Vol. II, pp. 399-405, 1923. 9. Smith, Graham, “Smuggling in Yorkshire 1700-1850,” Countryside Books, 1994. 10. Inclosure Act 1756 11. The village still retains the remains of nine pre-enclosure farmsteads centered on the following sites: - • Scrafton Place – only converted outbuildings remain • 87 High Street – farmhouse with converted outbuildings alongside to north and at rear (91, 91a & 93) • 137 High Street (Kerridge) – farmhouse only • 145 High Street -farmhouse • 149 High Street (“Thatched Cottage”) – farmhouse only • 151 High Street – altered farmhouse • 162 High Street – Winkies Castle. • The Ship Inn, Cliff Terrace – converted outbuildings only remain • 2 Church Street – farmhouse only 12. Whellan, T. & Co., “History and Topography of the City of York and the North Riding of Yorkshire” Vol. I, pp. 804-806, 1859. Population in 1801: 505; 1841: 503; 1851: 571; by 1859 it doubled to over 1,000. 13. The Wynd and Windy Hill Lane

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38 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Atkinson, Rev. J. C. “History of Cleveland Ancient and Modern,” J. Richardson, London, 1874 • Atkinson, The Rev. J. C. “Cleveland Ancient and Modern,” Part 19, 1877. • Baine’s “Directory of the County of York” 1823 • Bulmer, T. & Co. “History, Topography and Directory of North Yorkshire,” 1890. • Cleveland County Archaeology Section, “The Former Medieval Villages of Redcar and Cleveland: An Archaeological and Planning Assessment,” 1996. • Fletcher, J. S. “A Picturesque History of Yorkshire – founded on personal observation” J. M. Dent & Co, 1902. • Graves, Reverend John, “History of Cleveland,” 1808, pp. 381-388. • Gordon, Samuel, and Oliver, M. B. “The Watering Places of Cleveland,” 1869. • Holloway, E. L. & Hughes, A. “New Marske Looking Back,” 1982. • Hope, Edmund, “Hope’s History of Marske-by-the-Sea,” A.A. Sotheran, 1912 & 1975. • Langdale’s “Yorkshire Dictionary”, 1822. • Leyland, John, “The Yorkshire Coast,” 1892, p. 22 • Ord, John Walker, “History and Antiquities of Cleveland,” 1846 • Ordnance Survey Six-Inch-to-One-Mile sheet, surveyed 1893, published 1895. • Roberts, B. K., “Village Plans in County Durham,” Agricultural History Review, 22, 1974. • Shaw, Dorothy, “Marske Remembered,” Marske Parochial Church Council, undated • Sheppard, J. A., “Metrological Analysis of Regular Village Plans in Yorkshire,” Agricultural History Review, 22, 1974. • Sotheran, Peter, “Memories of Marske,” A. A. Sotheran Ltd, 1976. • White, W. “History and Gazetteer of the East and North Ridings of Yorkshire,” 1840.

Marske Conservation Area Appraisal 2011 39 This information is available on request in other languages, in Braille, on tape and in Large Print. For further information contact 01642 774774.

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Marske Station Mast (Tele communication) Coal Depot El Marske-by-the-Sub Sta ea Conservation Area

Black Path

Produced from Ordnance Survey mapping with the perSmission of the p o u t Date: 26/04/10 Drawn By: DM B e c Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown Copk yright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to

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