2021 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)
In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management
Date: June 2021 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council Information Details
Tracy Hilton Local Authority Officer Lyndsey Gill
Department Environmental Protection Team
Belmont House, Rectory Lane, Address Guisborough, TS14 7FD
Telephone 01642 774774
Environmental.protection@redcar- E-mail cleveland.gov.uk
Report Reference Number RCASR2021
Date 30th June 2021
This document has been approved by the Joint Director of Public Health for Middlesbrough Council and Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council, Mr Mark Adams.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area
Air Quality in Redcar and Cleveland
Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children, the elderly, and those with existing heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues because areas with poor air quality are also often less affluent areas1,2.
The mortality burden of air pollution within the UK is equivalent to 28,000 to 36,000 deaths at typical ages3, with a total estimated healthcare cost to the NHS and social care of £157 million in 20174.
Redcar and Cleveland continue to measure and report good air quality across the Authority from our continuous monitoring station and boroughwide diffusion tube network in locations where members of the public are regularly exposed to air pollution. Results continue to be well below the UK Government objective levels, continuing with a downwards trend. During the 2020 reporting period Redcar and Cleveland discontinued monitoring sulphur dioxide (SO2) due to long-term low monitoring level results. Redcar and
Cleveland were able to re-direct monitoring to PM2.5 with the purchase of a dedicated continuous analyser in 2020.
With a long history of compliance for air quality Redcar and Cleveland have had no requirement to declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA), however we will continue to improve air quality for the public by improving our monitoring network and continuing to develop the voluntary South Tees Clean Air Strategy, jointly with Middlesbrough Council with whom we share the same Director of Public Health. The South Tees Clean Air Strategy will identify key priorities to focus upon to improve air
1 Public Health England. Air Quality: A Briefing for Directors of Public Health, 2017
2 Defra. Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006
3 Defra. Air quality appraisal: damage cost guidance, July 2020
4 Public Health England. Estimation of costs to the NHS and social care due to the health impacts of air pollution: summary report, May 2018
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 i Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council quality and was due to be launched during 2020, however progress with the strategy has been delayed due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic impact upon both Local Authorities.
The continued development of the joint Clean Air Strategy with Middlesbrough Council highlights Redcar and Cleveland’s commitment to improve air quality for all.
Redcar and Cleveland have an extensive coastline which has the potential to be a source of high levels of natural particulates. During times of strong north-easterly weather, this may have health implications for vulnerable members of the public. Further information regarding current air quality and public health notifications can be found using the Air Quality England website.
Ricardo-AEA Ltd, an organisation who provide data analysis services for Redcar and Cleveland, have developed the uBreathe app which provides members of the public with air pollution health advice for the local area.
Actions to Improve Air Quality
Whilst air quality has improved significantly in recent decades and will continue to improve due to national policy decisions, there are some areas where local action is needed to improve air quality further.
The 2019 Clean Air Strategy5 sets out the case for action, with goals even more ambitious than EU requirements to reduce exposure to harmful pollutants. The Road to Zero6 sets out the approach to reduce exhaust emissions from road transport through a number of mechanisms; this is extremely important given that the majority of Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are designated due to elevated concentrations heavily influenced by transport emissions.
Redcar and Cleveland continue to improve air quality in the Borough using the planning process to review and request air quality reports, suggest appropriate conditions to developments, a continuation of assessment and control of industrial activities via the
5 Defra. Clean Air Strategy, 2019
6 DfT. The Road to Zero: Next steps towards cleaner road transport and delivering our Industrial Strategy, July 2018
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 ii Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council permitted processing regime and by annual review of our robust air quality monitoring programme.
The joint South Tees Clean Air Strategy, in conjunction with Middlesbrough Council, continues to be progressed enabling priorities and actions to be developed creating a unified stronger approach to improve the public’s air quality. Unfortunately, the completion and publication of the strategy has been delayed due to resource impacts on both local authorities as a result of the on-going Covid-19 pandemic.
Conclusions and Priorities
Redcar and Cleveland continue to monitor air quality, demonstrating compliance with the UK Government’s National Objectives for a wide range of pollutants. Full datasets from the continuous monitoring station can be accessed from the Air Quality England website. There has been no requirement to declare an AQMA and it is anticipated that this will not change in the near future.
An annual review of the diffusion tube monitoring network is completed to ensure that the areas of greatest concern can be monitored and to allow any new exposure areas to be introduced.
Redcar and Cleveland ceased monitoring SO2 during the 2020 reporting year, however a dedicated PM2.5 continuous analyser was procured and installed part way through the year.
Joint working with Middlesbrough Council will continue to finalise and publicise the South Tees Clean Air Strategy, confirming our strong commitment to improve air quality.
Redcar and Cleveland has agreed a Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan which outlines three key objectives for action and is to be published in the near future.
Local Engagement and How to get Involved
Redcar and Cleveland are a continued member of the ‘Let’s Go Tees Valley’ organisation aiming to increase knowledge and a shift in the way members of the public travel around the region. During June 2020, a ‘Bike Buddies’ scheme was publicised which aimed to provide a cycle support companion to residents who may lack confidence in cycling and to create a safe cycle route from home to work. This scheme remains open to residents who are interested in making the change from a car to cycle commuter journey.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 iii Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
The Environmental Protection Team participated in the 2020 Clean Air Day, unfortunately on a reduced scale due to the Covid-19 restrictions. Promotion of the campaign was therefore limited to using the Authority’s social media platforms to provide messages and to signpost to where further information could be found. Redcar and Cleveland will promote Clean Air Day on 17th June 2021.
Public engagement was also seen during January 2020 with a small-scale social media post regarding smoke control areas and a reminder for stove owners to ensure correct operation and regular chimney sweeping. The campaign raised debate regarding the branding of ‘smokeless’ fuels and it was an opportunity for Redcar and Cleveland to clarify the term ‘smoke control areas’ rather than the media use of ‘smokeless zones’.
The Environmental Protection Team continues to respond to enquiries and complaints from the public regarding air quality, producing a number of informative leaflets and responding to Government consultations on legislative changes.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 iv Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Table of Contents
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in Redcar and Cleveland ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... ii Conclusions and Priorities ...... iii Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... iii 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Redcar and Cleveland ...... 3
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations ...... 6
2.3.1 Redcar and Cleveland PM2.5 Measures ...... 6
2.3.2 PM2.5 Tees Valley Overview ...... 6
2.3.3 Redcar and Cleveland PM2.5...... 7 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 9 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 9 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 9 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 10 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 10
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ...... 11
3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 11
3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 12
3.2.4 Ozone (O3) ...... 12 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 14 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2020 ...... 26 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 27 New or Changed Sources Identified Within Redcar and Cleveland During 2020 ...... 27 Additional Air Quality Works Undertaken by Redcar and Cleveland During 2020 ...... 28 QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring ...... 28 Diffusion Tube Annualisation ...... 28 Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors ...... 28
NO2 Fall-off with Distance from the Road ...... 30 QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring ...... 31
PM10 and PM2.5 Monitoring Adjustment ...... 32 Automatic Monitoring Annualisation ...... 32
NO2 Fall-off with Distance from the Road ...... 33 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 35
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 v Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 37 Appendix F: Impact of COVID-19 upon LAQM ...... 38 Impacts of COVID-19 on Air Quality within Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council ...... 39 Opportunities Presented by COVID-19 upon LAQM within Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council ...... 39 Challenges and Constraints Imposed by COVID-19 upon LAQM within Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council ...... 40 Glossary of Terms ...... 42 References ...... 43
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 vi Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Figures
Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations ...... 18
Figure A.2 - Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at long-term Diffusion Tube Locations…………………………………………………………………………………………..19
Figure A.3 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations ...... 22 3 Figure A.4 – Trends in Number of 24-Hour Mean PM10 Results > 50µg/m ...... 24
Figure D.1 – Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Site ...... 35
Figure D.2 - Smoke Control Areas……………………………………………………………...36
Tables
Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 14 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 15 3 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results: Automatic Monitoring (µg/m ) ...... 16 3 Table A.4 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results: Non-Automatic Monitoring (µg/m ) .... 17 3 Table A.5 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results, Number of 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m ...... 20 3 Table A.6 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results (µg/m ) ...... 21
Table A.7 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results, Number of PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m3 ...... 23 3 Table A.8 – Annual Mean PM2.5 Monitoring Results (µg/m ) ...... 25
3 Table B.1 – NO2 2020 Diffusion Tube Results (µg/m ) ...... 26
Table C.1 – Bias Adjustment Factor ...... 29
Table C.2 - Comparison of National and Local Bias Adjustment……………………………30
Table C.3 – Local Bias Adjustment Calculation ...... 34
Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 37
Table F 1 - Impact Matrix ...... 41
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 vii Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
1 Local Air Quality Management
This report provides an overview of air quality in Redcar and Cleveland during 2020. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.
The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Redcar and Cleveland to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.
The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are presented in Table E.1.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 1 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
2 Actions to Improve Air Quality
2.1 Air Quality Management Areas
Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority should prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.
Redcar and Cleveland currently does not have any declared AQMAs.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 2 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Redcar and Cleveland
Defra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR concluded that the report was well structured, detailed and provided the information required. Specific comments included:
• Robust and accurate QA/QC procedures were applied. Calculations for bias adjustment and distance-correction factors were outlined in detail. Annualisation was not required. • Comments from last year’s ASR have been mentioned and addressed. This is welcomed, and we encourage this to continue in future ASRs. • The large number of measures in place to improve air quality in the borough is commendable reflecting the dedication of the council to tackle air pollution. • The Council has a proactive monitoring strategy. Monitoring of other pollutants,
while not compulsory, is an area the council has considered by removing the SO2
monitoring that is no longer necessary to now monitoring PM2.5 in 2020 to inform how to tackle this particular pollution in the future. • Council have provided a map of the diffusion tube monitoring network; however, the locations of the sites are not easily visible on the map. Council may consider updating the map to show the sites more clearly across the borough. • The Public Health Outcomes Frameworks was mentioned, and this is encouraged with detailed information provided about the borough itself and the surrounding boroughs. • Overall the report is detailed, concise and satisfies the criteria of relevant standards. The Council should continue their good and thorough work.
As appraisal comments mentioned improving the clarity of the diffusion tube network map this work has been undertaken. The map outlining the distribution of tubes across the Borough provided in this submission addresses this point.
Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2020 in pursuit of improving local air quality.
Redcar and Cleveland have no formal air quality action plans as the declaration of an AQMA has not been identified. The Authority remains committed to monitoring and improving air quality within the Borough.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 3 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Redcar and Cleveland identified in the 2020 ASR a number of initiatives that would be implemented, progress with each of these has been identified below:
• Publication of the first South Tees Clean Air Quality Strategy. This strategy has again been delayed in its production due to the reallocation of staff for Covid 19 related duties. • Support and participate in the 2020 National Clean Air Day, 8th October. Redcar and Cleveland unfortunately had to scale back participation in the 2020 Clean Air Day due to national lockdown restrictions prohibiting face to face planned activities. However, informative publicity provided by the organisers was shared across the Authority’s social media platforms to engage the public. • Campaign to target industrial areas within the Borough regarding legal routes for disposal of commercial waste. Again, the Covid pandemic had an effect on undertaking this activity as a number of premises were closed for a considerable length of time during 2020 and it was felt that during the small amount of time businesses operated this campaign was not appropriate. The campaign will aim to be completed during 2021. • Publication of the Redcar and Cleveland Environment Strategy. Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council’s ‘Climate Change Strategy 2020-2025’ and accompanying action plan was accepted by the Business EMT during January 2021. The strategy details the climate change problem and outlines the Authority’s three key objectives to address this issue. • Support and contribute to the implementation of the actions identified in the Joint Director of Public Health’s 2019 Annual Report, focused on air quality. The Team continues to monitor air quality across the Borough and uses a variety of methods to improve awareness and education around air quality and what actions can be taken by businesses and individuals to make improvements for all. • Procurement of 8 small panel electric zero emission vans. Procurement was successfully achieved; Redcar and Cleveland fleet now has 10 electric vehicles for use. • Procurement of 5 x 26ton Euro VI vehicles. These vehicles have been successfully purchased and integrated into fleet vehicle use. • Completion of the LED street lighting replacement scheme. The replacement scheme has been completed. The Authority will monitor the energy consumption over a full 12-month period and then report on the improvements of this scheme.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 4 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
• Publicity campaign relating to the change in fuel stock availability for domestic heating. Officers within the Team have been responding to complaints of smoke emissions from domestic heating appliances and have used this as an opportunity to discuss the change in fuel stock availability. The Team will be attending additional training on this legislative change and will continue to improve awareness. • Feasibility study to assess the potential for large Council buildings to be fitted with solar PV and battery storage systems. This feasibility study is still on- going regarding a number of Council buildings. Engagement with an external company has been undertaken to progress this further. • Replacement of lighting at two primary schools with energy efficient LED lighting. Replacement LED lighting was successfully installed into one of the primary schools. The second school installation was delayed due to accessibility issues created by the Covid pandemic, however, this will be completed during 2021. • Investigate the potential to utilise an E-bike loan scheme within the Borough. Redcar and Cleveland successfully worked with ‘Ginger’ to develop an e-scooter hire network that commenced during August 2020.
Redcar and Cleveland employees during 2020 have undertaken significant home-working functions, reducing the need to travel to work and for business meetings. Use of on-line meeting platforms has been widely utilised and it is envisaged that this means of operation will continue into 2021 for a large proportion of the workforce.
Redcar and Cleveland’s priorities and initiatives for the forthcoming year (2021) are:
• Publication of the first South Tees Clean Air Quality Strategy, a voluntary publication in conjunction with neighbouring authority Middlesbrough Council. • Working at a regional level with the Tees Valley Combined Authority to implement the Regional Transport Strategy. • Promote National Clean Air Day campaign on 17th June 2021. • Installation of EV charging units to the local authority transport depots. • An increase in the proportion of electric vehicles to 20% of the total fleet use. • Acquisition of PSDS (Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme) funding to implement a range of photovoltaic and air source heat pump systems into seven of the Authority’s smaller Council buildings.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 5 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations
As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.
2.3.1 Redcar and Cleveland PM2.5 Measures
Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council is taking the following measures to address PM2.5:
• Procurement of a dedicated PM2.5 continuous monitoring analyser within the existing Dormanstown site. • Use of the Environmental Permitting Regulations to ensure that businesses are implementing best practice for emission control. • Continue to procure more efficient fleet vehicles.
• Use the planning consultation process to identify sources of PM2.5, ensure that suitable modelling of emissions is undertaken and that robust dust suppression techniques are implemented by the construction industry. • Continued attendance at the industry, regulator and community supported Industrial Briefing Group on the Wilton International Complex, to share information on emission control and technological improvements. • Completion and publication of the South Tees Clean Air Strategy with neighbouring Authority, Middlesbrough Council. It is hoped that publication of this strategy can be achieved within the next reporting year.
2.3.2 PM2.5 Tees Valley Overview
It is now widely acknowledged that PM2.5 particles pose a significant health risk to the respiratory system. UK Public Health Outcomes Framework includes an indicator relating to fine particulate pollution. The 2019 factors across the Tees Valley for the indicator “Fraction of mortality attributed to particulate air pollution” are shown below.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 6 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
England North Darlington Hartlepool Middlesbrough Redcar & Stockton- East Cleveland on-Tees
Fraction 5.1 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.1 4.0
These values are estimates of the percentage of mortality to long term exposure to particulate air pollution. In comparison to the 2018 data Redcar and Cleveland has marginally increased (0.1).
Within the Tees Valley there are three PM2.5 monitors that form part of the AURN network; Breckon Hill (Middlesbrough), Eaglescliffe and A1035 Nelson Terrace (Stockton-on-Tees). The annual means from these sites have been reported in Table A.8 with values around 8µg/m3, this data has been obtained from authority colleagues and via the Defra AURN website.
2.3.3 Redcar and Cleveland PM2.5
Redcar and Cleveland are one of five unitary authorities creating the Tees Valley Area. Geographically the largest of the authorities, covering 24,490 hectares, with an extensive coastline and southern area within the North York Moors National Park.
After publication of the Government’s Clean Air Strategy in 2019 which identified PM2.5 as a significant health concern pollutant, Redcar and Cleveland took a pro-active decision to procure a dedicated PM2.5 continuous analyser. The analyser was successfully installed at
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 7 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council the Dormanstown site in April 2020. Unfortunately, this means that for the 2020 reporting year Redcar and Cleveland only has a 66% data capture for this pollutant. However, we will be able to report in future years actual annual results which reinforces our commitment to strive for improved air quality.
Redcar and Cleveland have 51 active smoke control areas (SCA’s) across the Borough and the Environmental Protection Team respond to complaints of alleged excessive smoke emissions in these areas. The Authority’s social media platforms were used in January 2020 to raise awareness of smoke control areas and an opportunity to remind stove owners of the need to complete routine chimney sweeping and use appropriate fuel sources. A map depicting the smoke control areas has been provided in Appendix D.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 8 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance
This section sets out the monitoring undertaken within 2020 by Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council and how it compares with the relevant air quality objectives. In addition, monitoring results are presented for a five-year period between 2016 and 2020 to allow monitoring trends to be identified and discussed.
3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites
Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at one site during 2020. Table A.1 in Appendix A provides the details of current and historic automatic monitoring sites within the Borough. The Air Quality England page presents automatic monitoring results for Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council, with automatic monitoring results also available through the UK-Air website .
Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.
The continuous monitoring site, Dormanstown, is a suburban location within the grounds of a primary school in an area of good public exposure. The site is affected by some light traffic and is within 4km of the Borough’s two main industrial and chemical complexes, one of which is currently in a period of large-scale re-development compounding the site’s use as a continuous monitoring location.
Dormanstown site monitors oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter (PM10), ozone (O3) and added during April 2020 a particulate matter (PM2.5) analyser. Due to the installation of the PM2.5 analyser part way through the reporting year, a full annual dataset is not available for 2020. The site previously monitored for SO2 however due to age related maintenance problems and a history of declining emission levels, this unit was decommissioned in 2020. The NOx monitor was replaced with a new analyser in 2020 and has provided a full year of relevant data capture.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 9 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council undertook non- automatic (i.e. passive) monitoring of NO2 at 18 sites including a co-location study with three diffusion tubes during 2020. Table A.2 in Appendix A presents the details of the non-automatic sites.
Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. annualisation and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.
The diffusion tube study has been deployed across the Borough since 2014 located in areas of high traffic flow, standing traffic, industrial activity and public exposure. The network is reviewed on an annual basis to ensure that the relevant areas of potential concern are monitored. Redcar and Cleveland have also made a commitment to monitor at areas close to all schools within the Borough to assess if the ‘school run’ has an impact in these locations. All results to date do not show any increased value at these locations.
A travel blank diffusion tube is also deployed as part of the non-automatic monitoring regime to provide a quality check for the transportation of tubes. The results from the travel blank have again reported that travel procedures have a negligible effect on final reported results. The non-bias adjusted results for 2020 are shown below, note that no result was reported during May due to the closure of the laboratory in response to the Covid pandemic.
ID Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean
R00 0.71 0.1 0.28 0.55 - 0.1 0.59 0.16 0.75 0.54 0.35 0.5 0.42
The diffusion tubes deployed in the study are 50% trimethylamine (TEA) in acetone and the results have been bias adjusted using the national bias adjustment factor. Further information relating to this has been outlined in Appendix C.
3.2 Individual Pollutants
The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, annualisation (where the annual mean data capture is below 75% and greater
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 10 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council than 33%), and distance correction. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Table A.3 and Table A.4 in Appendix A compare the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3. Note that the concentration data presented represents the concentration at the location of the monitoring site, following the application of bias adjustment and annualisation, as required (i.e., the values are exclusive of any consideration to fall-off with distance adjustment).
For diffusion tubes, the full 2020 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B.
Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.
During 2020 there have been no exceedances of the annual mean (9µg/m3 2020 result) or 1-hour mean objective level at any monitoring site. The annual mean figure remains the same as reported in 2020.
Figure A.1 depicts the trend graphs for the Dormanstown monitoring site, incorporating historical data from the previous monitoring site at Corporation Road, highlighting that since 1998 levels have continued to trend downwards.
As diffusion tube study locations are reviewed on an annual basis, often with sites monitoring for a minimum period of two years, trend data for most sites is unavailable across the Authority. However, two sites close to the major A66 throughfare (site ID R26 and R27) have been monitored for a number of years. Trend data from these locations have been graphed in Figure A.2 identifying that the sites remain below the objective level of 40µg/m3 since commencement. Annual figures have remained relatively static for the last two reporting years.
3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)
Table A.6 in Appendix A: Monitoring Results compares the ratified and adjusted monitored
PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 11 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Table A.7 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year. 3 There have been no exceedances of the annual mean PM10 concentration (13µg/m ) or the daily mean objective level during the reporting year.
Figure A.3 depicts trends in the PM10 emissions since 1998 from the current Dormanstown and historic Corporation Road monitoring sites.
3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Table A.8 in Appendix A presents the ratified and adjusted monitored PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for the past five years.
Redcar and Cleveland historically did not directly monitor for PM2.5, instead an estimation using PM10 data was calculated using the nationally dervied correction factor. During April
2020 a dedicated PM2.5 analyser was successfully installed at the Dormanstown monitoring site. As the unit was installed part way through the reporting year the data capture is 66%, below the 75% specified for reporting. The data has been annualised using data from the nearby long-term continuous monitoring site in Middlesbrough and Stockton-on-Tees authorities. Full details of these calculations are provided in Appendix C.
An overview of the PM2.5 annual mean data available for Redcar and Cleveland are shown in the table below.
Part Year measured PM2.5 PM2.5 Calculated from PM10 Annualised PM2.5
8µg/m3 9.1µg/m3 7.6µg/m3
Due to the variation in results for PM2.5 Redcar and Cleveland will report PM2.5 values for
2020 based on the calculations from PM10 data as this shows the highest result. Moving forwards figures for 2021 will be based on a full year of actual recorded PM2.5 data from the continuous analyser.
3.2.4 Ozone (O3)
Redcar and Cleveland have a continuous ozone monitoring analyser located at the Dormanstown site. Ozone is not a required reporting pollutant for LAQM purposes, however long-term monitoring has been undertaken within the Borough since 1998. Ozone is a secondary pollutant formed in the atmosphere by a chemical reaction between volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sunlight. Ozone levels are
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 12 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council naturally higher at coastal locations and can be seasonally dependant. During 2020 over a period of 4 days, Redcar and Cleveland monitored 36 exceedances of the National Air Quality Objective, 100µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 10 times a year when measured as an 8-hour mean. This figure is significantly lower than what was reported during 2019.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 13 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Appendix A: Monitoring Results
Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Distance Distance X OS Y OS Grid In AQMA? to to kerb of Inlet Pollutants Monitoring Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Ref Which Relevant nearest Height Monitored Technique (Easting) (Northing) AQMA? Exposure road (m) (m) (m) (1) (2) Redcar Dormanstown Suburban 458379 523486 NO2, No NO2 - 1 150 2.5 Dormanstown (2012 to present) PM10, Chemiluminescence, PM2.5, O3 PM10 – BAM from 2013, PM2.5 BAM from 2020, O3 – UV Absorption Redcar Corporation Road Suburban 459900 524600 NO2, No NO2 - 1 20 2.5 Corporation (1997 to 2011) PM10, Chemiluminescence, Road SO2, O3 PM10 – TEOM (vcm correction), SO2 - UV fluorescence, O3 – UV Absorption
Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g., installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 14 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Distance Tube Co- Distance to X OS Grid Y OS Grid In AQMA? to located with Tube Diffusion Pollutants kerb of Site Name Site Type Ref Ref Which Relevant a Height Tube ID Monitored nearest (Easting) (Northing) AQMA? Exposure Continuous (m) road (m) (2) (m) (1) Analyser?
R17, Dormanstown Suburban 458379 523486 NO2 No AQMA 0.0 150.0 Yes 2.5 R18, R19 R26 Trunk Road, South Roadside 453142 520836 NO2 No AQMA 42.0 11.0 No 2.5 Bank R27 West Lane Roadside 454712 520678 NO2 No AQMA 42.0 1.0 No 2.0 R41 Mersey Road Roadside 459695 524553 NO2 No AQMA 17.0 3.7 No 2.5 R46 Haven Site Suburban 452644 520921 NO2 No AQMA 0.0 85.4 No 2.5 R47 Whitehouse Café Suburban 454621 518344 NO2 No AQMA 0.0 3.9 No 2.5 R48 Kirkleatham Lane Suburban 459257 524555 NO2 No AQMA 0.0 13.4 No 2.0 R49 High Street, Marske Suburban 463444 522431 NO2 No AQMA 0.0 5.0 No 2.0 R50 Lauderdale Drive Suburban 461670 515098 NO2 No AQMA 0.0 15.2 No 2.0 R51 Broadway Suburban 455379 520543 NO2 No AQMA 0.0 10.0 No 2.0 R52 West Dyke Road Suburban 460292 524876 NO2 No AQMA 0.0 2.1 No 2.5 R53 High Street, Suburban 465940 516935 NO2 No AQMA 0.0 2.1 No 2.5 Boosbeck R54 Ormesby Bank Roadside 453831 516212 NO2 No AQMA 8.5 4.4 No 2.5 R55 Church Street Suburban 461553 516074 NO2 No AQMA 10.9 2.4 No 2.5 R56 Station Lane Suburban 466692 519149 NO2 No AQMA 7.7 2.3 No 2.5 R57 Tennyson Avenue Roadside 455344 520005 NO2 No AQMA 7.6 2.6 No 2.5 Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 15 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
3 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results: Automatic Monitoring (µg/m ) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Valid Data Capture Valid Data Capture Site ID Ref Ref Site Type for Monitoring 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020 (%) (2) (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) (1) Redcar 458379 523486 Suburban 100 99.59 11 12 10 9 9 Dormanstown Notes: The annual mean concentrations are presented as µg/m3. 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. All means have been “annualised” as per LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. Concentrations are those at the location of monitoring and not those following any fall-off with distance adjustment. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 16 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
3 Table A.4 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results: Non-Automatic Monitoring (µg/m ) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Valid Data Capture Diffusion Valid Data Capture Ref Ref Site Type for Monitoring 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Tube ID 2020 (%) (2) (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) (1) R17, R18, 458379 523486 Suburban 100 90.4 13.2 14.8 17.5 15.2 13.2 R19 R26 453142 520836 Roadside 100 75.0 20.5 19.8 24.7 19.5 17.7 R27 454712 520678 Roadside 100 90.4 26.4 25.5 29.8 24.8 21.0 R41 459695 524553 Roadside 100 90.4 20.2 19.4 17.3 R46 452644 520921 Suburban 100 82.7 16.1 14.0 R47 454621 518344 Suburban 100 75.0 20.3 17.0 R48 459257 524555 Suburban 100 90.4 17.7 15.0 R49 463444 522431 Suburban 100 90.4 11.8 R50 461670 515098 Suburban 100 90.4 5.9 R51 455379 520543 Suburban 100 80.8 11.7 R52 460292 524876 Suburban 100 82.7 16.3 R53 465940 516935 Suburban 100 90.4 7.8 R54 453831 516212 Roadside 100 90.4 27.3 R55 461553 516074 Suburban 100 80.8 16.3 R56 466692 519149 Suburban 100 90.4 8.9 R57 455344 520005 Roadside 100 73.1 9.6 ☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias adjusted. Notes: The annual mean concentrations are presented as µg/m3. 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. Concentrations are those at the location of monitoring and not those following any fall-off with distance adjustment. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 17 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Annual Mean
Redcar (Dormanstown / Corporation Road) Local Station
Redcar AQS Objective 50
40
30 µg/m³ 20
10
0
Year
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 18 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Figure A.2 - Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at long-term Diffusion Tube Locations
NO2 Annual Mean Trend Data - Diffusion Tubes 45
40
35
30
25
µg/m³ 20
15
10
5
0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 R26 R27
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 19 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
3 Table A.5 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results, Number of 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m
X OS Grid Y OS Grid Valid Data Capture Valid Data Site ID Ref Ref Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) (1) (%) (2) Redcar 458379 523486 Suburban 100 99.59 0 0 0 0 0 Dormanstown Notes: Results are presented as the number of 1-hour periods where concentrations greater than 200µg/m3 have been recorded. 3 Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g., if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 20 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
3 Table A.6 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results (µg/m )
X OS Grid Y OS Grid Valid Data Capture Valid Data Site ID Ref Ref Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) (1) (%) (2) Redcar 458379 523486 Suburban 100 98.87 12.7 12 12 14 13 Dormanstown Notes: The annual mean concentrations are presented as µg/m3. 3 Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. All means have been “annualised” as per LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 21 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Figure A.2 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations
Particulate PM10 Annual Mean
Redcar (Dormanstown / Corporation Road) Local Station
Redcar AQS Objective
40
µg/m³ 30
20
10
0
Year
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 22 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
3 Table A.7 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results, Number of PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m
X OS Grid Y OS Grid Valid Data Capture Valid Data Site ID Ref Ref Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) (1) (%) (2) Redcar 458379 523486 Suburban 100 98.87 0 1 0 0 0 Dormanstown Notes: Results are presented as the number of 24-hour periods where daily mean concentrations greater than 50µg/m3 have been recorded. 3 Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 23 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
3 Figure A.3 – Trends in Number of 24-Hour Mean PM10 Results > 50µg/m
Particulate PM10 24 hour Objective Exceedances / year
Redcar (Dormanstown / Corporation Road) Local Station
Redcar AQS Objective 50
40
30
20
exceedances year / 10
0
Year
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 24 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
3 Table A.8 – Annual Mean PM2.5 Monitoring Results (µg/m )
X OS Grid Y OS Grid Valid Data Capture Valid Data Site ID Ref Ref Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) (1) (%) (2) Redcar 458379 523486 Suburban 100 98.87 8.9 8.4 8.4 9.8 9.1 Dormanstown Middlesbrough 450506 519620 Urban 100 88.8 10.2 7 8.9 10.3 7.6 Breckon Hill Background Middlesbrough 447800 519300 Urban 100 88.8 11 6.7 7 8.7 6.8 Macmillan Background College Stockton 441623 513674 Roadside 100 93 9.2 8 10 8 8 Eaglescliffe Stockton 444331 519170 Roadside 100 91 9.5 8 9 8 8 A1305 Nelson Terrace Notes: The annual mean concentrations are presented as µg/m3. All means have been “annualised” as per LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g., if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
The Redcar Dormanstown site has only monitored PM2.5 for part of the 2020 reporting year, therefore values reported are those calculated from PM10 data.
The Middlesbrough Macmillan College site does not monitor PM2.5 therefore these values have been calculated using PM10 actual values.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 25 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2020
3 Table B.1 – NO2 2020 Diffusion Tube Results (µg/m )
Annual Mean: Annual Mean: X OS Y OS Distance Annual Mean: Annualised and DT ID Grid Ref Grid Ref Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Corrected to Comment Raw Data Bias Adjusted (Easting) (Easting) Nearest (0.82) Exposure R17 458379 523486 26.7 25.1 15.9 10.6 9.4 12.4 11.0 11.3 15.7 19.5 16.6 - - Triplicate Site with R17, R18 and R19 - Annual data provided for R19 only R18 458379 523486 32.5 21.3 16.0 8.9 9.0 12.6 10.2 14.6 11.8 24.3 12.7 - - Triplicate Site with R17, R18 and R19 - Annual data provided for R19 only R19 458379 523486 34.4 23.7 16.6 8.4 8.0 12.6 9.3 16.3 15.4 21.7 16.4 16.1 13.2 Triplicate Site with R17, R18 and R19 - Annual data provided for R19 only R26 453142 520836 24.7 21.0 23.5 19.2 22.8 15.6 21.6 22.3 23.6 21.6 17.7 R27 454712 520678 24.2 22.6 27.2 26.2 31.0 20.4 22.7 26.7 26.8 29.6 24.0 25.6 21.0 R41 459695 524553 38.4 21.2 20.5 12.1 12.2 15.7 15.1 17.0 22.3 32.5 24.7 21.1 17.3 R46 452644 520921 23.9 15.4 18.9 14.7 10.0 15.1 13.6 15.2 23.8 20.6 17.1 14.0 R47 454621 518344 23.6 20.9 14.2 18.0 15.5 19.0 22.8 28.1 24.7 20.8 17.0 R48 459257 524555 13.7 18.1 20.8 12.5 17.7 16.0 18.9 18.2 18.8 25.5 21.2 18.3 15.0 R49 463444 522431 16.3 11.4 14.6 12.6 15.2 11.9 14.9 14.6 14.6 17.3 14.9 14.4 11.8 R50 461670 515098 9.4 9.8 7.5 4.3 4.6 3.7 4.8 4.9 6.9 12.2 11.1 7.2 5.9 R51 455379 520543 18.6 14.0 13.4 10.3 13.4 9.5 12.9 13.4 16.3 21.3 14.3 11.7 R52 460292 524876 17.5 20.4 12.3 13.6 15.3 17.4 15.9 17.6 27.6 41.5 19.9 16.3 R53 465940 516935 10.3 9.0 8.6 7.9 9.9 6.5 9.7 9.3 10.2 12.2 11.7 9.6 7.8 R54 453831 516212 40.0 25.2 34.7 21.7 32.0 26.7 36.5 34.0 38.5 40.6 37.1 33.3 27.3 R55 461553 516074 31.2 25.5 18.5 9.4 14.7 15.2 16.5 17.6 22.8 27.1 19.8 16.3 R56 466692 519149 12.0 12.9 12.7 7.4 9.1 7.7 9.6 5.9 11.5 17.7 13.5 10.9 8.9 R57 455344 520005 14.5 10.7 12.3 9.3 9.7 7.2 10.0 18.0 14.1 11.7 9.6 ☐ Local bias adjustment factor used ☒ National bias adjustment factor used ☐ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure in the final column ☒ Redcar and Cleveland confirm that all 2020 diffusion tube data has been uploaded to the Diffusion Tube Data Entry System Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 26 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC
New or Changed Sources Identified Within Redcar and Cleveland During 2020
Redcar and Cleveland have identified the following new sources relating to air quality within the reporting year of 2020.
The former steelworks site in Redcar is the subject of a large-scale investment programme to transform one of the largest brownfield sites into a diverse multi-sector development. Under the direction of the South Tees Development Corporation a 25-year masterplan has been produced to attract a wide range of industries to the site, including the development of the UK’s first carbon capture, utilisation and storage facility (Net Zero Teesside). Redcar and Cleveland are heavily engaged in consultation with the developers regarding planning permissions and the overall implementation of the strategy. Air quality is a key consideration with a strive for continuous betterment.
The following planning applications have been identified as new sources for the potential impact on air quality during the year 2020:
• R/2020/0411/FFM “Construction of the Redcar Energy Centre (REC) consisting of a material recovery facility incorporating a bulk storage facility; an energy recovery facility; and an incinerator bottom ash recycling facility along with ancillary infrastructure and landscaping”, Land at Redcar Bulk Terminal, Redcar, TS10 5QW. Substantial monitoring and documentation regarding the air quality impact of this development has been submitted to ensure that there will be no reduction in air quality from this facility. This application has been granted planning permission. • R/2020/0224/LAC “Consultation on PINS Ref: EN010103”, Net Zero Teesside Project Land in the vicinity of SSI Steel Works Site, Redcar, TS10 5QW. Consultation and engagement with this project will continue in future years, ensuring that air quality remains a key consideration. This development is still progressing through the planning process. • R/2019/0767/OOM “Outline application for the construction of an energy recovery facility (ERF) and associated development”, Grangetown Prairie Land East of John
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 27 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Boyle Road and West of Tees Dock Road, Grangetown. Planning permission for this development was granted during 2020.
Additional Air Quality Works Undertaken by Redcar and Cleveland During 2020
Redcar and Cleveland have not completed any additional works within the reporting year of 2020.
QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring
Redcar and Cleveland operate the NO2 diffusion tube study via an approved laboratory (Gradko International Ltd) with formal accreditation to BS standards and participation in the AIR-PT programme. Particular attention is given to the correct installation of tubes at site and a reliable exposure duration.
Gradko International demonstrated 75% performance in two of the reported AIR-PT rounds during January to October 2020. Two rounds of reporting were not completed due to the Covid pandemic.
Diffusion Tube Annualisation
All diffusion tube monitoring locations within Redcar and Cleveland recorded data capture of 75% therefore it was not required to annualise any monitoring data. In addition, any sites with a data capture below 33% do not require annualisation.
Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
The diffusion tube data presented within the 2020 ASR have been corrected for bias using an adjustment factor. Bias represents the overall tendency of the diffusion tubes to under or over-read relative to the reference chemiluminescence analyser. LAQM.TG16 provides guidance with regard to the application of a bias adjustment factor to correct diffusion tube monitoring. Triplicate co-location studies can be used to determine a local bias factor based on the comparison of diffusion tube results with data taken from NOx/NO2 continuous analysers. Alternatively, the national database of diffusion tube co-location surveys provides bias factors for the relevant laboratory and preparation method.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 28 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Redcar and Cleveland have applied a national bias adjustment factor of 0.82 to the 2020 monitoring data. A summary of bias adjustment factors used by Redcar and Cleveland over the past five years is presented in Table C.1.
The Gradko International Ltd bias figure uses results from the national database of 14 co- location studies, of which Redcar and Cleveland contribute towards. All the included studies had good tube precision and study lengths were all nine months or greater.
National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Version Number: 03/21 Follow the steps below in the correct order to show the results of relevant co-location studies This spreadsheet will be updated Data only apply to tubes exposed monthly and are not suitable for correcting individual short-term monitoring periods at the end of June 2021 Whenever presenting adjusted data, you should state the adjustment factor used and the version of the spreadsheet This spreadhseet will be updated every few months: the factors may therefore be subject to change. This should not discourage their immediate use. LAQM Helpdesk Website The LAQM Helpdesk is operated on behalf of Defra and the Devolved Administrations by Bureau Veritas, in conjunction with contract Spreadsheet maintained by the National Physical Laboratory. Original partners AECOM and the National Physical Laboratory. compiled by Air Quality Consultants Ltd. Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Select a Preparation Select a Year Select the Laboratory that Analyses Your Tubes Where there is only one study for a chosen combination, you should use the adjustment factor shown with caution. Where Method from the from the Drop- from the Drop-Down List there is more than one study, use the overall factor3 shown in blue at the foot of the final column. Drop-Down List Down List If a preparation method is If a year is not 4 not shown, we have no data If you have your own co-location study then see footnote . If uncertain what to do then contact the Local Air Quality Management If a laboratory is not shown, we have no data for this laboratory. shown, we have for this method at this 2 Helpdesk at [email protected] or 0800 0327953 laboratory. no data Analysed By1 Method Year 5 Automatic Bias Length of Diffusion Tube To undo your selection, choose To undo your Site Monitor Mean Tube Adjustment (All) from the pop-up list selection, choose Local Authority Study Mean Conc. Bias (B) Type Conc. (Cm) Precision6 Factor (A) (All) (months) (Dm) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (Cm/Dm) Gradko 50% TEA in Acetone 2020 UC Falkirk Council 10 33 26 24.9% G 0.80 Gradko 50% TEA in Acetone 2020 UB Falkirk Council 11 16 12 33.6% G 0.75 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 UB Middlesbrough 10 17 12 44.3% G 0.69 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 R Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead 12 29 25 17.3% G 0.85 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 R Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead 12 24 22 11.7% G 0.90 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 SU Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council 11 16 13 23.4% P 0.81 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 R New ham 10 29 24 18.2% G 0.85 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 R Sandw ell MBC 12 34 27 26.9% G 0.79 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 B Sandw ell MBC 9 14 11 23.0% S 0.81 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 R Sandw ell MBC 11 25 23 9.4% S 0.91 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 UB Sandw ell Metropolitan Borough Council 11 21 19 9.4% G 0.91 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 KS Marylebone Road Intercomparison 12 57 43 33.0% G 0.75 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 R London Borough of Richmond upon Thames 12 22 20 9.4% G 0.91 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 B London Borough of Richmond upon Thames 9 19 16 20.3% G 0.83 Gradko 50% TEA in acetone 2020 Overall Factor3 (14 studies) Use 0.82
Redcar and Cleveland have one co-location study at the Dormanstown static monitoring site. The national bias adjustment figure has been chosen for reporting purposes this year as it provides a more conservative adjustment to the results than that of the locally derived bias adjustment, 0.6.
Table C.1 – Bias Adjustment Factor
If National, Version of Year Local or National Adjustment Factor National Spreadsheet
2020 National 03/21 0.82
2019 National 03/20 0.87
2018 National 03/19 0.92
2017 National 03/18 0.97
2016 Local - 0.89
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 29 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Table C.2 – Comparison of National and Local Bias Adjustment
Local Bias Adjustment National Bias Site ID NO2 Raw Data (0.6) Adjustment (0.82)
R17 15.83 9.5 12.98
R18 15.82 9.49 12.97
R19 16.61 9.97 13.62
R26 21.6 12.96 17.71
R27 25.57 15.34 20.97
R41 21.07 12.64 17.28
R46 17.11 10.27 14.03
R47 21.06 12.64 17.27
R48 18.31 10.99 15.01
R49 14.39 8.63 11.8
R50 7.19 4.31 5.9
R51 14.3 8.58 11.73
R52 19.91 11.95 16.33
R53 9.56 5.74 7.84
R54 33.35 20.01 27.35
R55 19.85 11.91 16.28
R56 10.91 6.55 8.95
R57 11.75 7.05 9.64
NO2 Fall-off with Distance from the Road
Wherever possible, local authorities should ensure that monitoring locations are representative of exposure. However, where this is not possible, the NO2 concentration at
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 30 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council the nearest location relevant for exposure should be estimated using the Diffusion Tube
Data Processing Tool/NO2 fall-off with distance calculator available on the LAQM Support website. Where appropriate, non-automatic annual mean NO2 concentrations corrected for distance are presented in Table B.1.
No diffusion tube NO2 monitoring locations within Redcar and Cleveland required distance correction during 2020.
QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring
Redcar and Cleveland’s continuous monitoring station at Dormanstown is operated under a comprehensive service contract with the supplier of the analysers. Pollutants monitored during 2020 were NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and O3. Officers within Redcar and Cleveland have received supplier training of the analysers. All data since 2012 has been collected and rescaled by Ricardo-AEA with information available on-line for current and historic records.
Redcar and Cleveland are committed to achieving accuracy, precision, data capture, traceability, and long-term consistency to ensure that data is representative of ambient air quality. Redcar and Cleveland have documented quality assurance and control programme, which includes an established schedule of regular site calibrations, validation of data and documentation of all procedures. Details are as follows:
Calibration Daily ‘automatic’ calibration with frequent monthly manual checks by an experienced and trained member of the Environmental Protection Team. Calibration gas is obtained from approved gas standard suppliers. Annual site calibration completed by Ricardo-AEA.
Equipment A comprehensive service agreement is in place with the supplier to cover existing and new analysers.
Data Capture Site operators are experienced and trained personnel. Monitoring data capture is inspected daily where possible by Ricardo-AEA to ensure that faults are detected and corrected quickly.
Ratification Data verification is carried out on an ongoing basis to check for unusual measurements.
Data ratification reviews all calibrated data, information from analyser services and repairs and any other information available for the
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 31 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
particular site or analyser over the whole ratification period. In addition, the results from the independent QA/QC audits are incorporated to take account of any problems detected during the QA/QC audits such as:
• Long-term drift in an ozone instrument calibration
• Faulty NOx converters • Drifts in calibration cylinder concentrations • Instrument leaks or flow faults • Faulty instrument configuration
Incorporation of the QA/QC audits ensures that ratified data are traceable to UK national and international gas calibration standards.
The continuous monitoring data reported during the 2020 year has been ratified externally up to 31st December 2020. Data remains provisional for the 1st to 6th January 2021 as this timescale includes the data cross over with the national diffusion tube changeover date.
PM10 and PM2.5 Monitoring Adjustment
The continuous PM10 and PM2.5 analysers within the Dormanstown site are BAM gravimetric equivalence for particulate matter. The Ricardo-AEA monitoring tool has been used to adjust the figures using a value of 0.833 to produce a direct gravimetric equivalence.
Automatic Monitoring Annualisation
Redcar Dormanstown continuous monitoring site had a data capture range of 99.59 to
96.36 therefore annualisation of monitoring data is not required. Unfortunately, the PM2.5 analyser was installed at the site mid-way through the year, April 2020, resulting in a
66.15% data capture. As PM10 data is also monitored at the same location a calculation of annual PM2.5 can be made from PM10 data, this process has been completed for a number of years by Redcar and Cleveland, it has been decided to report the calculated PM2.5 value rather than annualise the measured data. The national factor figure to calculate this has been used, an example of the calculation is shown below.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 32 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
PM2.5 Estimation = Annual mean PM10 concentration x National correction factor
= 13 x 07.
= 9.1
NO2 Fall-off with Distance from the Road
Wherever possible, local authorities should ensure that monitoring locations are representative of exposure. However, where this is not possible, the NO2 concentration at the nearest location relevant for exposure should be estimated using the NO2 fall-off with distance calculator available on the LAQM Support website. Where appropriate, non- automatic annual mean NO2 concentrations corrected for distance are presented in Table B.1.
No automatic NO2 monitoring locations within Redcar and Cleveland required distance correction during 2020.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 33 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Table C.2 – Local Bias Adjustment Calculation
Local Bias
Adjustment Input 1 Periods used to calculate bias 11 Bias Factor A 0.6 (0.53 - 0.69) Bias Factor B 68% (46% - 90%) Diffusion Tube Mean (µg/m3) 16.1 Mean CV (Precision) 10.2% Automatic Mean (µg/m3) 9.6 Data Capture 100% Adjusted Tube Mean (µg/m3) 10 (9 - 11) Overall diffusion tube precision Good Overall Precision Overall Continuous Monitor Good Overall Data Data Capture Capture Combined Local Bias 0.60 Adjustment Factor Notes: A National Bias Adjustment factor has been applied to Redcar and Cleveland data. This table has been reported for information only.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 34 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs
Figure D.1 – Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Site
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 35 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Figure D.2 – Smoke Control Areas (SCA) within Redcar and Cleveland
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 36 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England
Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England7
Air Quality Pollutant Air Quality Objective: Concentration Objective: Measured as
3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year 1-hour mean
3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 40µg/m Annual mean
3 Particulate Matter (PM10) 50µg/m , not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 24-hour mean
3 Particulate Matter (PM10) 40µg/m Annual mean
3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 350µg/m , not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year 1-hour mean
3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 125µg/m , not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year 24-hour mean
3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 266µg/m , not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 15-minute mean
7 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 37 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Appendix F: Impact of COVID-19 upon LAQM
COVID-19 has had a significant impact on society. Inevitably, COVID-19 has also had an impact on the environment, with implications to air quality at local, regional and national scales.
COVID-19 has presented various challenges for Local Authorities with respect to undertaking their statutory LAQM duties in the 2021 reporting year. Recognising this, Defra provided various advice updates throughout 2020 to English authorities, particularly concerning the potential disruption to air quality monitoring programmes, implementation of Air Quality Action Plans (AQAPs) and LAQM statutory reporting requirements. Defra has also issued supplementary guidance for LAQM reporting in 2021 to assist local authorities in preparing their 2021 ASR. Where applicable, this advice has been followed.
Despite the challenges that the pandemic has given rise to, the events of 2020 have also provided Local Authorities with an opportunity to quantify the air quality impacts associated with wide-scale and extreme intervention, most notably in relation to emissions of air pollutants arising from road traffic. The vast majority (>95%) of AQMAs declared within the UK are related to road traffic emissions, where attainment of the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is considered unlikely. On 23rd March 2020, the UK Government released official guidance advising all members of public to stay at home, with work- related travel only permitted when absolutely necessary. During this initial national lockdown (and to a lesser extent other national and regional lockdowns that followed), marked reductions in vehicle traffic were observed; Department for Transport (DfT) data8 suggests reductions in vehicle traffic of up to 70% were experienced across the UK by mid-April, relative to pre COVID-19 levels.
This reduction in travel in turn gave rise to a change of air pollutant emissions associated with road traffic, i.e. nitrous oxides (NOx), and exhaust and non-exhaust particulates (PM). The Air Quality Expert Group (AQEG)9 has estimated that during the initial lockdown period in 2020, within urbanised areas of the UK reductions in NO2 annual mean concentrations were between 20 and 30% relative to pre-pandemic levels, which
8 Prime Minister’s Office, COVID-19 briefing on the 31st of May 2020
9 Air Quality Expert Group, Estimation of changes in air pollution emissions, concentrations and exposure during the COVID-19 outbreak in the UK, June 2020
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 38 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council represents an absolute reduction of between 10 to 20µg/m3 if expressed relative to annual mean averages. During this period, changes in PM2.5 concentrations were less marked than those of NO2. PM2.5 concentrations are affected by both local sources and the transport of pollution from wider regions, often from well beyond the UK. Through analysis of AURN monitoring data for 2018-2020, AQEG have detailed that PM2.5 concentrations during the initial lockdown period are of the order 2 to 5µg/m3 lower relative to those that would be expected under business-as-usual conditions.
As restrictions are gradually lifted, the challenge is to understand how these air quality improvements can benefit the long-term health of the population.
Impacts of COVID-19 on Air Quality within Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
There were no identifiable impacts as a consequence of COVID-19 upon air quality within Redcar and Cleveland. Air quality monitoring was able to continue during the 2020 reporting year due to the location of the continuous monitoring site and diffusion tubes. These locations were in such a position that Covid safe site visits could continue. The laboratory who completes analysis of the diffusion tube samples closed due to the Covid pandemic for one month, this affected the ability for diffusion tubes to be deployed for one month only. A dedicated officer was able to undertake the air quality monitoring regime throughout 2020 by adhering to social distancing and appropriate cleansing operations.
Opportunities Presented by COVID-19 upon LAQM within Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Redcar and Cleveland were successful in accessing Government funding to allow cyclists more road space as lockdown restrictions eased. Funding of £86,000 has been dedicated to providing new cycle routes and encourage walking. Projects completed during the reporting year:
• Reducing through traffic on Wilton Lane between the town of Guisborough and the Wilton International industrial complex by turning the road into a quiet lane for cycling and walking. This scheme was completed on a short-term basis during 2020.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 39 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
• Improving the cycle and pedestrian route between the South Bank railway and Flatts Lane Country Park, a major vehicle route through residential areas of the Borough.
Redcar and Cleveland were, like many other Authorities, forced to re-evaluate the ways in which working was completed. Wide-scale adoption of homeworking for a large proportion of staff was undertaken, use of online meeting platforms to reduce face to face contact and unnecessary travel journeys to meetings were completed. Due to the ongoing social restrictions Redcar and Cleveland continue to utilise these working methods and it may form part of a longer term change.
Challenges and Constraints Imposed by COVID-19 upon LAQM within Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Redcar and Cleveland have been fortunate that no significant challenges have been encountered during the 2020 reporting year that will have an impact upon LAQM. Diffusion tube monitoring was able to continue due to the location of tubes and ability to complete changeover without encountering members of the public.
Completion and publication of the South Tees Clean Air Strategy in conjunction with Middlesbrough Council was affected due to the reallocation of staff to Covid related duties. However, as this is a voluntary publication the risk posed to Redcar and Cleveland is deemed to be low. It is hoped that this strategy will be publicised during the next reporting year.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 40 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Table F 1 – Impact Matrix
Category Impact Rating: None Impact Rating: Small Impact Rating: Medium Impact Rating: High
Automatic Monitoring – Data Capture More than 75% data capture 50 to 75% data capture 25 to 50% data capture Less than 25% data capture (%)
Routine calibrations not undertaken Routine calibrations taken place Routine calibrations taken place within extended period (e.g. 3 to 4 Automatic Monitoring – QA/QC Adherence to requirements as defined frequently but not to normal regime. infrequently and service and months). Interruption to service and Regime in LAQM.TG16 Audits undertaken alongside service maintenance regimes adhered to. No maintenance regime and no audit and maintenance programmes audit achieved achieved
Passive Monitoring – Data Capture More than 75% data capture 50 to 75% data capture 25 to 50% data capture Less than 25% data capture (%)
>50% impact on normal number of available bias adjustment studies <25% impact on normal number of 25-50% impact on normal number of Passive Monitoring – Bias Adjustment (2020 vs 2019) and/or applied bias Bias adjustment undertaken as normal available bias adjustment colocation available bias adjustment studies Factor adjustment factor studies not studies (2020 vs 2019) (2020 vs 2019) considered representative of local regime
Passive Monitoring – Adherence to Defra diffusion tube exposure Tubes left out for two exposure Tubes left out for three exposure Tubes left out for more than three Changeover Dates calendar adhered to periods periods exposure periods
Tubes stored in accordance with Tubes unable to be stored according Tubes stored for so long that they Passive Monitoring – Storage of Tubes stored for longer than normal laboratory guidance and analysed to be laboratory guidance but were unable to be analysed prior to Tubes but adhering to laboratory guidance promptly. analysed prior to expiry date expiry date. Data unable to be used
Short delay (<6 months) in Long delay (>6 months) in No progression in development of a AQAP – Measure Implementation Unaffected development of a new AQAP, but is development of a new AQAP, but is new AQAP on-going on-going
Short delay (<6 months) in Long delay (>6 months) in No progression in development of a AQAP – New AQAP Development Unaffected development of a new AQAP, but is development of a new AQAP, but is new AQAP on-going on-going
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 41 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
Glossary of Terms
Abbreviation Description
Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, AQAP achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’
Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations AQMA exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives
ASR Annual Status Report
Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced DMRB by Highways England
EU European Union
FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System
LAQM Local Air Quality Management
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm or less
PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less
QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
SCA Smoke Control Area
LAQM Annual Status Report 2021 42 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council
References
• Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16. April 2021. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland. • Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16. May 2016. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland.
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