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9-1-1893 The Bohemian Voice, Vol.2, No.1

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VOL. II. OMAHA, NEB., SEPTEMBER 1, 1893. No. 1.

VOJTA NAPRSTEK.

Bohemian-Americans who visit their native country never during this age, and the collection has grown to such propor. omit to call upon a man, who, above all, has claim to their re tions in twenty-five years that Mr. Mprstek has had to erect a spect and affection. That man is Yojta Ndprstek of Prague, large new building especially suited to its purposes. In the formerly a citizen of the United States. The Milwaukee Sen­ museum is also a valuable collection of papers, documents and tinel, under the date of M ay 23, 1892, printed some interesting periodicals pertaining to the history of Bohemians in America. reminiscences from the life of Mprstek and among other Although prominent in Bohemian politics he is still proud of things it said: "In 1857 the Austrian government proclaimed his American citizenship, and Americans are welcomed guests an amnesty for all who had fled from its wrath after the revo" at his house in Prague. Mr. Mprstek still takes a lively inter lution of 1848. In that number was Yojta Mprstek. He at est in the welfare of his countrymen in America, which he once left Milwaukee and America and returned to Prague. showed a few years ago in donating 500 volumes of Bohemian The large brewery which he inherited from his father he sold authors, in the Bohemian language, to the public library in and the immense fortune thus acquired he devoted largely to Chicago. Mr. Miprstek has been for twenty-live years a mem­ the advancement of science and art in his native city. He founded ber of the city council of Prague and a director of many charit­ a public library and industrial museum which at present is said able, educational and patriotic institutions. At the public to be worth several hundred thousand dollars. The museum reading rooms in connection with his library museum can be contains models of the most important machinery invented found many leading American newspapers and magazines." 2 THE BOHEMIAN VOICE.

your superior intelligence? How many savants, or doc­ THE BOHEMIAN V OICE. tors, or scholars, or literateurs are there among you? Answer! Or, is it that you pay more in direct taxes? A MONTHLY JOURNAL. Let us see: According to statistical figures the large landed proprietors in Bohemia pay 4 millions in direct PUBLISHED BY T HE taxes, Germans pay 8 millions, while we Bohemians pay BOHEMIAN-AMERICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE, 15 millions. Hence, taking direct taxation as a basis of Publication Office, 1211 South 13th Street, Omaha, Neb. representation, Bohemians should have in the diet 135 THOMAS (5APEK, EDITOR. deputies, Germans 72, b ut you, gentlemen of large estates are entitled to 36 deputies, instead of 70, which Schmer- Address Editorial Correspondence to THOMAS CAPEK, 10 Creighton ling's electoral law gives you?"—The feeling against Block, Omaha, Neb. Bohemian aristocracy is very bitter. And may be that Subscription, $1.00 a year in advance; 10 cts. a copy. All Business when the tocsin is sounded, when the cry sauve qui peu is Letters and Remittances to be addressed: raised, the Order of Bohemian Nobility will save less from "THE BOHEMIAN VOICE," 1444 South IGth St., Omaha, Neb the wreck than the nobility of 1621. Two hundred seventy

Entered at the Post Office, Omaha, as Second Class Matter. two years ago Ferdinand II. confiscated the estates of the rebellious Protestants, enriching military adventurers Executive of the Bohemian-American National Committee: whose descendants the present aristocracy are; now it will JOHN ROSICKV, Prest., P. V. ROVNIANEK, Vice-Pres., Omaha, Nebraska. P. O. Box 124, Pittsburg, Pa. be a confiscation by peasants, who alone till the soil. R. V. MISKOVSKY. Secretary, 1444 South 16th Street, Omaha, Neb. * ANTON KLOBASA, Treas., F. B. ZDRUBEK, Librarian, * * 2716 Russel Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 150 w. 12th St., Chicago 111. The "National Slavonic Society," and the "First Slav­ The editor is not responsible for the opinions expressed by contributors. onic Catholic Union," both strong organizations of Hun­ garian Slovaks propose to erect in Pittsburg, Pa., a hall TABLE OF CONTENTS. at a cost of $150,000. At a recent meeting called for this VOJTA NAPRSTEK (illustration) 1 purpose, $5,000 was raised in private subscriptions. The NOTES 2 officers of the proposed corporation were elected as follows: CESKY DEN-BOHEMTAN DAY 3 P. V. Rovnianek, editor of the Amerikansko-Slovenske THE DECLINE AND RTSE OF BOHEMIAN LETTERS "PLZENSKY SOKOL" HALL (Illustration) 9 Novvny, president; N. Teresc&k, vice president; J. Fedor, FROM THE LAND OF THE CZARS 10 secretary; P. Droppa, treasurer; J. Oswald, financial sec­ BOHEMIA AT THE WORLD'S FAIR 12 retary. A charter will be applied for, and by October 1, THE POLES ANGELUS 13 a general meeting of the various assemblies of the Slovak KEY TO PRONUNCIATION 15 societies will be held and active work began toward the LETTER BOX 15 erection of the building. In conversation with the re­ ADVERTISEMENTS .. ..15 16 porter of the Pittsburg Leader, Mr. Rovnianek said that "Motes. the National Slavonic society has over 7,000 m embers dis­ tributed throughout the United States. They are organiz­ The "historic nobles" of Bohemia may be likened to offi- ed into 127 assemblies, with headquarters in Pittsburg. ers without an army. Never in touch with the nation "An injustice that is constantly done to the Slovak which they regard with disdainful superiority, irresolute, people," continued Mr. Rovnianek, "is that they are pusillanimous, and unpatriotic, they never cared for any erroneously called Hungarians. We are Slavs and good, thing but for their particular privileges. Intrenched be­ law-abiding, permanent citizens, and this hall will show hind the ramparts of riches and power they have always that we are not here only for time enough to make a little treated the common people like so many slaves who are money, to make us rich in our native land." born to obey. While in some countries—as for instance * * in Hungary—the nobility have laid lives and fortunes at * the altar of the fatherland, have encouraged native art, Four Bohemian authors of note have lately visited the literature and industries, have founded academies and United States and we may expect from them valuable museums, the Scliwarzenbergs and Lobkovic's of Bohemia contributions to our literature. Notwithstanding the seek their loftiest aim in personal aggrandizement and that fact that thousands of Bohemians settle annually iu this of their families and iu hoarding and extending their pat­ country, and that public interest in the great transatlan­ rimonial estates. "In the name of what right" exclaim tic republic is increasing year by year, our Bohemian liter­ the Ndrodai Listy in a recent article directed against ature on America has been wretchedly poor. Indeed, we these aristocratic moles "in the name of what right, we know of one book only —Dr. Stolba's work "Beyond the demand to know, do you have oue third of the vote in the Ocean"—that may be read with any degree of profit. The Bohemian Diet? Is it that you constitute one-third of rest of the meager literature on America consisted of the population of the kingdom? Is it on account of your stray newspaper articles written on the pattern of the superior intelligence? Is it because of your extensive "Arizona Kicker." Yet, our countrymen abroad are so estates? Altogether you number 500 heg,d s. And where is hungry after some trustworthy reading on the United THE BOHEMIAN VOICE. 3

States! Mr. Paul Albieri, one of the autl'ors alluded to, signs should be exclusively in the Slavonian language. has already returned to Prague, and we may expect the The population of the city is composed of 24,200 Slovenes, advance copy of bis work at any time. Having spent and 5,127 G ermans. On an appeal it was ordered by the some three years among us and being a quick and intelli­ local lieutenant-governor that the signs must be both in gent observer, a traveler who had seen other lands than Slovenic and German. The city of Brno (Briinn) Moravia ours, an author of enviable reputation, he is fitted to give has, according to the last census, (a very untrustworthy us a work of permanent literary value. Mr. Francis compilation) 61, 834 Germans and 26, 836 B ohemians. Sit­ Herites, also an author of repute, came to see the World's uated in a country which is purely Slavonic in its character, Fair with the other Bohemian excursionists, and if he re­ the Bohemian residents of Brno appealed to the lieuten­ mains long enough to get acquainted with all the bright ant-governor of Moravia demanding that the street signs and dark sides of our institutions, he too, will enrich be executed in both languages, German and Bohemian— American bibliography with a valuable book. Dr. Kofen- but that dignitary simply ignored their reasonable request. sky passed through on his trip around the world and Pro­ Again, the municipality of Prague, anxious to establish fessor Guth travels through Canada and the United some uniform precedent, resolved to employ Bohemian States. street signs for the whole city. Prague has about 300,000 •vv *3f * people, of which number 28,000 be long to the German nat­ The one-liundredth anniversary of the birth of John ionality. The Prague Germans entered a protest to the Koll&r, the renowned poet, was celebrated almost in every lieutenant-governor of Bohemia and lo! what was flatly re­ Slavic city of Europe—it was even celebrated in many fused to the Bohemian residents of Brno and of Reichen­ places in the United States —but the country of his birth berg, Dux, Teplitz etc.,—was granted to the applicants in was forbidden to lay a single wreath upon the illustrious Prague and the municipality was enjoined from hanging up poets' grave- With bayonets the Magyar gendarmes con­ any more signs in the Bohemian language. In short, ducted every pilgrim, who came to see the poets' last rest­ what was sanctioned in one place, has been declared wrong ing place out of the city. What was the reason of this unex­ in another, and both decisions were based on that wonder­ ampled barbarity, will the readers ask? Magyar authori­ ful article 19! Austrain Germans themselves condemn ties claim that Koll&r's celebration in his native place was this "justice", which, changing from case to case, must prohibited because the safety of the state demanded such one day bring to grief the present beneficiaries of it. measure. This in a state which hardly half a century ago sent Ivossuthsand Pulszkys to proclaim to Europe and CESKY' HEN-BOHEMIAN DAY. America, what terrible oppression it had to undergo at Jen d&l! 6as nov^ no ve thee mit C iny den novy vz eScl k nov e pr &ci nim, , the hands of tyrants! Truly, times change! Louis Kos­ jet' sla vii otcuv kr&sny Sperk pro syny — suth lived long enough to see his own countrymen practice v§;ik kdo chceS cten byr, dobu d' cti ei sain ! Kde pKtomuost jak dit S poza teskla, the same methods of barbarism on Slovaks which he pro­ vge davna slava, byt' v m dem ant hril, phesied the invading Russians in 1849, would commit on je za korg bera jen om br azda leskl& — the Hungarians. Then Kossuth stated that Hungary's napnete lana — v zhiiru plac hty — ddl! Jan Kerucla. case wa3 a "war of tyranny against freedom, of barbar­ * * ians against the collective might of a free nation," he in­ All the newspapers of Chicago, English, German, Bo­ veighed against "the destroying sword of barbarous Rus­ hemian, Polish, Italian, etc., concur in the opinion that sians"—and now, it is the bayonet of the barbarous Mag­ the "Bohemian Day" at the Chicago World's Fair, Aug­ yar! * * ust 12, was a great success. Notwithstanding the frantic * efforts of the Austrian Commissioner to induce our people Article 19 of the fundamental laws of Austria guaran­ to celebrate the "Austrian" day, the Bohemian secession­ tees to all nationalities of Austria, what is termed ist remained true to his national colors of red and white, "equality of languages." If the various departments of and, forgetting at least for one day the religious rancor the government adhered to the meaning of this law, Ger­ which separates the freethinker from the Catholic and man, Magyar, Bohemian, Italian, Croation and the rest of Protestant—marched out as a Bohemian, proud to do the many languages that are spoken in Austria to-day homage to his little native country. As a result of this would obtain an equal recognition everywhere,—in courts, happy union of our people, "Bohemian Day," August 12, schools and administration. But experience teaches that saw by far the most imposing gathering of Bohemian they are not equal. In northern Bohemia for instance, people ever held abroad. The "Austrian Day" which where the German element preponderates, article 19 is a was held one week later, August 18, paled into utter in­ dead letter; and,if Bohemian minorities living in cities like significance before Bohemia's great day; for while the Reichenberg, Dux and Teplitz should demand any of the marching columns of Bohemians comprised some 15,000 rights of equality, both these municipalities, and the gov­ men and women, the "Austrians" had in line only about ernment would turn a deaf ear to their entreaties. With 700 in all! In enthusiasm that manifested itself every­ German minorities the case is different, and article 19 is en­ where, and, particularly in moral force, the Bohemian forced to a letter. An example: The municipality of Lublanje celebration towered far above the Austrian; the tone of (Laibach) in Carniola passed an ordinance that the street the speeches too, contrasted remarkably. While the elo­ 4 THE BOHEMIAN VOICE.

quent address of Mr. Jon&s breathed the loftiest Ameri that the finest'pianissimo parts were distinctly heard. can patriotism, the Austrian speakers seemed to vie with Upon the stage was an orchestra of 114 t rained musicians. each other in heaping fulsome praise upon a weakling The seats extending from the stage to the organ in the rear were occupied by men and women who compose the emperor. United Bohemian Singers of Chicago. For the most part Every Bohemian must be satisfied with the success of the women wore light-colored dresses, and these, set off the "Bohemian Day." And may the recollection of it by the bows of red and white ribbon they wore, were in animate us to new efforts and new victories! harmony with the flags and banners. Before the concert was begun, a number of cablegrams from Bohemia were read from the stage. Then walking briskly, a man with a heavy head of black hair, long, flow­ Early in the morning the wearers of red and white ing black side whiskers, and wearing gold decorations rosettes—men, women and children — were scattered about the neck and on the coat lapel, stepped to the con­ broadcast over Jackson park. After the parade down ductor's stand, took up his baton, and rapped the orches­ tra to attention. It was Professor Y. J. Hlaviic, profes­ town this number was added to in a manner that surprised sor of music at the Imperial University at St. Petersburg, even those who had expected a large attendance. With a Bohemian of whom all Bohemians are proud. this latter delegation came bands of music, men wearing The vast audience greeted him with hearty applause, af­ tbe gaudy uniform of some Bohemian organization, men ter acknowledging which, the professor conducted the wearing the blue jacket and gray hat and trousers of the orchestra through tire first number. At its conclusion he went above and presided at the organ while the grand Bohemian Turners, and girls wearing the blue dresses and chorus arose and sang "Bohemian Chorale." A storm black cap of their organizations. From that time they of applause greeted the conclusion of the singing, proving came in hundreds by street cars, elevated trains, Illinois the love still left in the hearts of the hearers for the Central road, and the steamboat lines till it seemed as if mother country. Then the orchestra, in a grand burst of Bohemia had emptied her entile population into the white harmony, struck into tbe first bars of "The Star Spangled city. Every face wore a happy expression in anticipation Banner." Bohemians have lived to learn what that music of the speeches, the music, and the games. The Bohem­ means, and when they recognized the strains of the na­ ians came from almost every large city, and many of the tional hymn of their adopted country the sounds of the smaller cities in the United States, and their number was orchestra were drowned in the storm of applause. swelled by the people of Chicago. Upon the members of * the 800 Chicago Bohemian societies devolved the duty of * * preparing for and conducting this day of days at the fair, Then, Hon. Chas. Jon&s, lieutenant governor of Wis­ and they did it in a manner characteristic of the faithful­ consin spoke as follows: ness and energy of the Bohemians. Many states, nations Fellow Citizens and Friends: "Chicago is at the present and societies have had "days" at the fair, but the grand­ day the great meeting place of nations, a veritable rendez­ est of them all must fall far back in the distance behind vous of mankind. This is a most remarkable distinction that of Bohemia. for a city not quite sixty years old. Universal exposi­ tions have been held in cities like London, Paris and Vienna, mentioned in the annals of history fifteen and Witnesses of the down-town parade wondered where even twenty centuries ago, but a universal exposition in a so many Bohemians came from. Businessmen watched a city which sixty years ago had no existence—that looks while, then left on an hour's errand and returned. The at the first glance like a wild dream, like a fable of the procession was still moving. Off 011 another errand and Arabian nights. And yet it is a grand reality. We see back again an hour later. Bohemia's national air was spread before our gaze a world's fair such as the world has wafted to their ears. Columns of uniformed men were never seen before—such as the world will not see again in still marching by. Gflyly caparisoned horses bore car­ many year to come. riages containing the flower of Bohemia's beauty. There was no single or double file business about the parade. "A gentleman perfectly competent to judge has repeat­ The men marched eight abreast, so close that they almost edly called Chicago a cosmopolitan city. I refer to the stepped upon each other's heels. It was a notable parade, honorable mayor of the World's Fair city, Carter II. Har­ notable for its order and arrangement, notable for its fine rison. Mayor Harrison is right, as he always is. Chicago marching, notable for its good music, its elaborate allegor­ is a cosmopolitan city, and hence it is emphatically an ical floats, notable most of all for the great outpouring of American city, because America is a cosmopolitan nation. men who made up the procession. It was over two hours Every nationality of the old world, every race of mankind in passing a given point and 20,000 is a modest estimate is represented in the population of Chicago, which to-day of its strength. It was a splendid turnout. There were numbers 1,500,000, w hich at the close of the present cen societies without number, all bearing insignia of some tury will outnumber the population of any other city in the description and carrying banners on most of which Bo­ western hemisphere,and which in the course of the next cent­ hemia's lion was rampant. It was an even parade ury will outstrip the population of any other city in the world, throughout. The music and tbe floats were well distri­ Chicago probably contains more Germans than any Eu­ buted throughout the long line, and kept the spectators ropean city excepting Berlin and Vienna; and Mayor Har­ rooted to the spot till the body had passed along. L. W. rison has more Bohemian constituents, than the mayor Kadlec was grand marshal of the day. of any city in Bohemia and Moravia with the sole excep­ tion of the capital city of Prague. Why, my friends, even the corporation counsel of Chicago, Adolph Kraus, is a Bo­ The exercises at Jackson park began at 12 o'clock with hemian, and a right royal corporation counsel he is, and I a concert at festival hall. Not a seat was vacant, and suspect there is some Bohemian blood in the veins of many were sitting in the aisles or standing. Not only Mayor Harrison. were the selections, all by Bohemian composers, of a "Hence it was fitting and proper to set apart a day, at nature to please the most cultivated taste, but such close, this universal exposition distinctively to be known as Bo­ respectful, admiring attention was given to every number hemian day, to prove to the people of Bohemian birth THE BOHEMIAN VOICE. 5 and descent that they are fully recognized as participants of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Upper Hungary. Pop­ in that equality and fraternity which embraces every ular education in Bohemia, which, during the religious American citizen, no matter where his cradle stood or in convulsions of the fifteenth century, excited the wonder what language the sweet accents of his mother's love may and admiration of Aeneas Sylvius, the papal legate who have found expression. We Bohemians are loyal citizens afterward became Pope Leo II., has now again been of the United States of America. We love and adore spreading with such amazing rapidity that already 95 per this great republic with its government of the people, by cent, of the Bohemian people can read and write, and the people and for the people. We look with delight and books and newspapers are found upon the table of the admiration upon the starry flag, the banner of freedom, humblest Bohemian workingman. the glorious emblem of human rights and human equality. "In the fine art galleries, Bohemian art is represented Our devotion to the star spangled banner is eloquently by some of the masterpieces of Brozik, who is no stranger attested by the monument raised in the Bohemian ceme- to the American public, his famous painting of Columbus tary of Chicago to the memory of those of our brethren who at the Court of Ferdinand and Isabella forming the chief sacrificed their lives in defense of the Union when threat­ attraction of the art gallery of New York City. Bohemian ened by the southern rebellion. To use the words of that music is represented in persona by the world-renowned prominent American statesman, Carl Schurz, we love the composer and director of the National Conservatory of country of our adoption with that fiery and enthusiastic New York, Antonin Dvorak, and oy the great leader of devotion which a man feels for his chosen bride, but at „he Imperial Russian Orchestra of St. Petersburg, Profes­ the same time we love and cherish the memory of our sor Hlavdc, the charming power of whose art has capti­ dear old mother, the country of our birth. Therefore it vated the American public. is fitting to remember dear old Bohemia, especially on "Neither are the Bohemians strangers in the arena of this day, which we celebrate as Bohemian day amidst the great modern inventions. The screw-propeller which has magnificent surroundings of the World's Fair. revolutionized steam navigation is the invention of a Bo­ "1 will state a fact not generally known in this coun­ hemian, Joseph Ressel, as has finally been acknowedged try—general expositions of industry are of Bohemian ori­ even in jealous Great Britain, and monuments have been gin. It was in the year 1791 when an exposition of arts erected to his memory in his native city of Clirudim, also and industry was held in the city of Prague in honor of in front of the great University of Vienna, and in other the coronation of Emperor Leopold as king of Bohemia. places. Thus in spite of centuries of cruel oppression the It was the first exposition of that character recorded in Bohemians have been contributing to the progress of the all history, and two years ago the centennial of that event human race and have gained an honorable place in the was celebrated by a grand and successful exposition of in­ great family of civilized nations. dustry at the Bohemian capital. "Fellow citizens, we have in our midst on this memor­ "The name of Bohemia has been struck by fate from able day a large delegation of our Bohemian brethren from the list of independent states. She does not appear in abroad. They come direct from that ancient kingdom of the galaxy of independent nations represented on these Bohemia, whose people are now waging a constitutional grounds by the creations of their industry and their gen­ struggle for their historical and natural right of home ius. The Bohemian flag in red and white, which for cen­ rule, in which struggle they are bound to be sooner or turies waved over hosts marching to victory 111 defense of later victorious. They have traveled a distance of 5,000 liberty and justice, is not raised over any building or sec­ miles over land and sea, to be with us on this present oc­ tion of this universal exposition. But in spite of that, casion, and to see this universal exposition, created in its Bohemia is represented worthily. Though merged in the gigantic proportions mainly through the pluck aud enter­ empire of Austria, the Bohemian exhibit forms the most prise of the youthful city of Chicago under the auspices of important, interesting and conspicuous part of the Austrian our national government. I am sure that upon their re­ section of the World'd Fair. Bohemian glass and garnets, turn to their distant homes they will speak of this achieve­ Bohemian chinaware, Bohemian musical instruments, and ment in terms of the highest admiration. They have I may add Bohemian beer, are not likely to be overlooked also come to see the land of the free—an immense repub­ by any visitor of the white city. Yonder in the woman's lic stretching from ocean to ocean, a great nation enjoying building we find a modest but remarkable collection of the blessings of liberty and peace under a federal system popular Bohemian embioidery, donated by Mrs. N&prstek wisely confining the central government to its proper of Prague to the city of Chicago, which speaks highly of sphere and insuring perfect self-government to every state, the native artistic spirit of the common women of Bohem­ a great nation secure in its rights at home, and respected ia and Moravia. In the same building we find a collection and feared abroad, though almost without a standing of 300 v olumes of books written by Bohemian women, a army. They find here a nation of 65,000,000 composed of brilliant testimonial of the intellectual activity and prog­ all the different elements and nationalities of the old ress of the women of that nation, only recently awakened world, living together in harmony and peace, enjoying from a death-like stupor of nearly 200 years, during which perfect equality of rights, rejoicing in a common citizen­ period the Bohemians were not even permitted to culti­ ship, and proud of their allegiance to the constitution and vate their language and literature. Such was the deep flag of the United States. My friends, what a grand les­ humiliation of that people, who were the first in all cen­ son for our thoughtful visitors! What a noble example tral Europe to raise a high seat of learning, the Universi­ for the peoplfe and the rulers of all foreign nations! This ty of Prague, which in the time of John Hus, the reform­ lesson of a free, democratic and prosperous nation will er, was attended by 20,000 students of various national­ certainly be appreciated by our Bohemian visitors, even ities; such was the degradation of the Bohemians, who more than any lesson which may be taught by that won­ gave to the world Amos Comenius, the founder of the derful exposition. They will return to their firesides deep­ modern system of education. The flourishing Bohemian ly impressed with the untold blessings conferred upon hu­ literature perished in the lurid glare of the Thirty Years' manity by the freedom and equality prevailing in the War, but since the wonderful resurrection of the national country of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson un­ spirit a new literature has sprung up, embracing the der the protection of the star spangled banner. And long whole field of human knowledge and sentiment and may it wave o'er the land of the free and the home of the diffusing the rays of knowledge into the remotest hamlets brave." 6 THE BOHEMIAN VOICE.

Musical Program. standing of the student. Perennial freshness dwells in Overture—"The Bartered Bride" Smetana these works in melody that never palls, because of truth Exposition Orchestra of 114 men. of inspiration, in masterful harmony and instrumentation, Songs—"Bohemian Chorale" Bendl in coherent structure, and last, but not least, in honest "The Star Spangled Banner" United Bohemian singers of Chicago (mixed voices.; craftmanship. Reference is here made only to the instru­ Conductor, Professor V. J. HlavaC. mental works of the composer, because only such were in­ Symphony No. 4 in G major Dvorak cluded in Saturday's programme. There was diversity in Conductor, Dr. Antonin Dvorak the music. Professor V. J. Illav&c conducted a number Funeral march—"The Bride of Messina" Fihich of miscellaneous compositions, including works by Sme­ Conductor, Professor V. J. IllavaC. Slavonic dances, series 2 Dvorak tana, Bendl, Fibich, Nfipravnfk and Hlav&c. In addition Conductor, Dr. Antonin Dvorak. to the Exposition Orchestra, the United Bohemian Singers Entr'acte from the comic opera, "The Chase" IllavaC of Chicago, were present as a chorus, numerous enough to Conductor, Professor V. J. HlavaC. properly interpret the "Bohemian Chorale" of Bendl, and Overture—"My Country" Dvorak sing with vim and vigor the "Star Spangled Banner." Dr. Conductor, Dr. Antonin Dvorak. Dvorak was received with prolonged applause when he came on to conduct his symphony, No. 4 in G major. The composer is a man of commanding presence, his fine phy­ From the Chicago Tribune: sique, adding to the dignity of his face. It was soon evi­ It leaves some occasion for regret that so distinguished dent be had imbued the orchestra with the spirit of the a composer as Dr. Dvorak might not have been introduced occasion. Dr. DvoMk does not pose at the leader's desk. to Chicago under more suitable auspices than the hurrah He indulges in no unnecessary gesticulation. He rarely of a Bohemian national festival, itself a worthy occasion, employs both hands and his motions incline toward angu but destitute of that atmosphere congenial to the higher larity. But when a great and complicated passage is to be forms of musical art. Yet this gentleman could not do played, such as that for the brasses as leading instruments, less than approve himself an artist under all conditions, toward the close cf the allegro, the man becomes trans and while it were idle to speak in detail of his work on formed, and every muscle of his body lends its share of Saturday, when he was sandwiched in between oratory influence in leadership. Again, when delicate passages and other things which might be catalogued under the are to be interpreted, such as the air, carried by solo olio general heading of "too tedious to mention," it is only with a single violin playing the second part, in the second just to add something to the volume of congratulations movement of the symphony, Dr. Dvorak coaxes his play­ expressed when he first became a part of the musical ac­ ers to do their best, stooping forward, and bending the tivity of this country. The influence of such a composer body with the rhythm he is accentuating. ought to be recognized as a direct encouragement to art, Of the music itself, previous description renders it un­ and it may be that with a man of this sort, whose fame necessary to speak at length. Every bar of the symphony is world-wide, to lead the way, the promising but hitherto bears the mark of distinctive style. The allegretto gra- discouraged composers of America may feel a new spirit. zioso, the third movement, is of simpler form than its Although his residence in this country has been brief, he predecessor. A dance rhythm, flavored with Hungarian has already suggested many luminous ideas in regard to melody is worked up in contrast with a lovely instrumen­ the possibilities of American music, and has given such tal song. A characteristic effect in Dr. DvoMk's music is direction to thought on this subject that something is sure here apparent, in the necessity, proved by tbe composer's to come of it. This is the function in which he will be reading, for stronger accents on the first beat of each bar able to exert the widest influence. Hitherto there has than is usually thought necessary. The allegro ma non been no commanding figure among our composers to lead troppo, the closing movement is suggestive of a march. them out of the wilderness. Let us hope that in Dr. A fanfare for two trumpets leads to a difficult piece of Dvor&k they have found a Moses. contrapuntal writing, embodying the first subject. The

* * entire movement is crowded with beautiful effects of * melody and instrumentation, that is so novel it would be From the Chicago Times'. bizarre were it not that a genius had arranged the score. Dr. Antonin DvoMk, one of the foremest of living com­ Toward the finale the tempo loses its rigidity and the posers, conducted a number of his own orchestral holding notes, the chief characteristic of Hungarian works at the concert in Festival Hall, yesterday. music, make their appearance. When the conductor The occasion was appropriate, for Dr. Dvorak's bowed his temporary farewell the audience, wild with en­ countrymen had gathered together in numbers in honor thusiasm, expressed its approval in prolonged cheers- of their land, it being Bohemian day at the Fair. So Floral pieces were handed up from the floor of the audi­ familiar have the composer's works become to Ameri­ torium and roses were showered on the great Bohemian cans, that it was not as a stranger that Dr. DvoMk faced by fair girls of the fatherland. Later Dr. Dvorak con­ the audience preliminary to grasping his baton. His resi­ ducted the second series of his Slavonic dances, three in dence in New York, as director of the National Conserva­ number, and his overture, "My Country." tory of music, has done much to familiarize Americans * * * with his personality, as the performance of his works prev­ ious to his coming afforded opportunity for appreciation The greatest gathering and the most enthusiastic crowd of his genius as a composer. Frequent hearing of DvoMk's assembled at the stock pavilion to witness the games. works at the concerts of the Chicago orchestra might, it The vast arena was surrounded with wooden horses, was thought, have hardened the ear against fresh impres­ spring boards, horizontal bars, and parallel bars, and all sions of added beauty arising from the perfect reading of was in readiness for the entry of the Bohemian Turners the score possible only to the composer and the effect of of America. Over 300 strong they marched in, led by a his personality upon the instrumentalists. Such, however, brass band and greeted by the stamping and hand clap­ was not the case. DvoiAk's works are true classics, not ping of thousands. These brawny fellows came from all to be fully appreciated at one hearing, but sure to grow over America, and so perfect had been the drill of the in esteem with time, as delicate threads of melody and various organizations that they went through their evolu­ subdued effects of instrumentation come to the under­ tions without a hitch. After marching about the arena THE BOHEMIAN VOICE. 7 tliey formed various pretty and beautiful figures, and fin­ and their brave forefathers have been fighting for liberty ally found themselves in position for their free calisthen­ more than 200 ye ars were prominently in evidence every­ ics. Every move was the occasion for applause. Follow­ where. Music and singing societies, athletic associa­ ing the men came the dumb-bell drill by women's classes, tions and school leagues, sharpshooters, • Bohemian- class exercises upon apparatus by members and calisthen­ American knights, rowing clubs, secret society orders, ics by scliolais of all ages; free exercises on apparatus and benevolent bodies, labor unions and many other orga­ the program was concluded by the games and exercises of nizations were out in great numbers. There were a select class on a horse. visiting Bohemians from New York, Milwaukee, Cleveland, Every number was rewarded by applause which was Omaha and many other cities and towns. It was a great well deserved. The performance reflected credit upon P. day for the American-Bohemian population all around. Straka of Chicago, formerly of Prague, who is instructor They had shown themselves off to the multitudes down at large for the Bohemian Turners. town in a gorgeous street parade."

* * * THE DECLINE AND RISE OF BOHEMIAN LETTERS. The reporter of the Daily News visited the Austrian con­ Toward the end of the 18th century the decline of Bo­ sul on August 12th, and he describes his visit as follows: hemian literature was complete. Bohemian books became "The Hon. Anton von Palitschek-Palmforst, LL. D., im­ rare; the old works were being destroyed and there was no­ perial royal consul-general and commissioner-general to body to write new ones. The Jesuit fathers were implac­ to the Fair, as well as chairman of the local commission, able enemies of Bohemian letters, and their fanaticism was is determined, if such a thing is possible, to have the cele­ only abating in the second half of the 18tli century. Bo- bration of King Francis Josef's birthday not only a big huslav Balbin, of one their number, but otherwise a pat­ occasion for all loyal Austrians, but also a good opportun­ riotic man, tells of many instances how boohb were burnt on ity to stop much of that bickering that has been going on public squares and destroyed, not because they were taint­ between the Austrians and some of their neighbors. He ed with "heresy" but because they were printed in the took the first step in that direction to-day. It has been Bohemian language. Charles Tharn, who published in 1783 well known that there was much discontent among certain Balbin's work, "The defense of the Bohemian language," parties of the Bohemians at the Fair and in the city over remarks in the preface: "It will be remembered that only the fact that the royal commissioner insisted that on all three years ago, emissaries (gendarmes) were sent through Bohemian exhibits there should be at least one sign in Bohemian crownlands, hunting for Bohemian books in German, the official language of the country. The royal every nook and corner, and upon making a find either tore commissioner has determined to show that he ignored all or burnt them, regardless of whether they knew their con­ such mutterings and was as friendly to the Bohemians as tents or whether they were "objectionable" or not. they could desire. Emperor Joseph II., without wishing to do so, was the "In consequence of this plan the Austrian section in the first man who roused the people from their national torpor. manufacturers' building was this morning adorned with Joseph who had tasted of the teaching of French philoso­ Bohemian flags and even the private office of the commis­ phers was naturally an enemy of the Jesuits, and his ani­ sioner was adorned with the emblems of Bohemia, while mosity toward them led him to expel the order from the the Austrian and Bohemian flags waved together. He empire. Joseph was antagonistic to the whole clergy and himself was in good humor and declared that he was his great scheme was to free his subjects from the bonds heartily in favor of doing all he could do to help aloug of the church; and when the question arose, "through "Bohemian day." what language shall the new doctrine be imparted to the " 'I am a Bohemian myself by birth,' said he, 'and people of polyglotic Austria?" Joseph favored the adop­ why should I not hang up the Bohemian flag? I am too tion of German. That language, in the estimation of busy to take much part in the services to-day, but I shall Joseph seemed to be the fittest medium of instruction; it certainly go over to Old Vienna this evening and meet my had an undoubted political significance and being the Bohemian friends and drink a glass of wine with them.'" tongue in which wrote such luminaries as Lessing, Herder and others, it could not but captivate a progressive ruler of Joseph's type. Besides, he had received instruc­ Illinois St&ats-Zeiiunq: tion in such monstrous Bohemian—his teacher was the „2llfe§, n)( t§ bet cje ct)ijd)en iftationalitat angeljoit, roav$u bent gef t= evil Pohl—that he got disgusted with that language. }nge auSgevudt, bet im fvieb lidfgm 33ereitt bie fonft ftvei teitbeit CSoit= Agreeably to this resolution German tongue was introduced fejjioiten' umfajjte. Ulit bem (Srfolg bet Shevanjtaltung fjaben bie in 1774 into all the common schools and the administra­ Slofprteu atle tlifadje jufriebeit ju fein." tion. Already denationalized, the Bohemians were now

* * * threatened with an utter extinction; the education of the youth which had been semi-Latin, now became thoroughly Theresa Dean, correspondent for the Chicago Tribune, German, and hence more dangerous to our national exis­ says: tence. The higher classes, like the nobility, were estranged "Yesterday, Bohemia's day at the Fair, was a great to us already and the common people, thanks to the Jes­ day. Everybody said it was the greatest day since Prin­ uit missionaries, had sunk into deep ignorance and super­ cess day. I think it was. It was a rush for seats going stition. out, and a rush for tickets when you arrived, and elbow However, the effort to Germanize the people produced a to elbow all day after getting there." result opposite from that intended by Joseph. Enlighten­ ed Bohemians were grieved to see their mother language expelled from the schools and the administration. They From the Chicago Tribune. asked themselves: was the love of our mother tongue "Bohemia ruled the World's Columbian Exposition utterly extinct among our people or was this apathy due yesterday. It was the special date set apart for that to the fact that nothing was being done to arouse the nationality, and its citizens invaded the White City at dormant feeling? In any event, the effort could be made. every entrance by the thousands. They went early and The patriots could work toward the enlightment of the staid late. The red and white colors under which they people on the same basis as Joseph himself, the only dif- 8 THE BOHEMIAN VOICE. ferenee being, that they hoped to accomplish their end professor of theology and librarian of the Prague univer­ through the Bohemian language, while the ruler preferred sity, Vaclav Michael Durich (1738-1802), and Francis German. Prochtfzka (1749-1809). Bohemian historians commonly divide the time of our But the most celebrated scholar during Joseph's time national awakening into three periods: the first including was abb£ Joseph Dobrovsky, commonly known as the two or three decades of the last century and extending to father of "Slavonic philology." 1820; the second to 1848; the third extending from that Joseph Dobrovsky (1753-1829) o r, more properly Doubrov- time to our own day. sky lived, since his infancy, in a German city and attend­ The first literary pioneers were not, as may be imagined, ed German schools; Bohemian he learned later on, and either novelists or poets; they were learned historians and he always considered the latter his mother tongue. Al­ philologists. The old literature was so abhorred aud de­ ready as a student in the Prague university, he displayed famed that we might say with justice, there was none; that eagerness for learning that distinguished him through­ the productions of contemporaneous writers again were out his life. The Jesuits were the first to discover his too feeble to afford a lasting foundation. Hence, it be­ great talents, and they tried to induce him to join the came necessary, first, to unearth the inheritance of the order, which he subsequently did. However, the order ancestors, and as such a work required the brains of an being dispersed a year after, Dobrovsky returned to historian, it followed, that historical writings were the first Prague and commenced the study of oriental languages. to be printed. Nor can we with propriety call the first This led to an intimacy with Durich. In 1777 D obrovsky sent pioneers "Bohemian authors,"—they having composed his first contribution to a periodical edited by the eminent their works oftener in Latin and German than Bohemian. biblical scholar and archaeologist, J ohn David Michaelis. Among the very first pioneers, we must mention Before the completion of his theological studies he accept­ Gelasius Dobner, (1719-1790). Having completed his ed the position of a private teacher of philosophy and primary education, Dobner joined the order of Piarists. mathematics in the family of Count Nostic, who after­ His entire life was spent in teaching in the schools of his ward became governor of Bohemia. At the solicitation order, and in historical researches. His most important of Martin Pelcl who directed the education of the Nostic's, work is an edition of HJjek's history, which he provided Dobrovsky turned his attention to the study of Bohemian with valuable annotations, exposing for the first time the history and literature—studies which laid the foundation fanciful inventions of that author. Besides this, Dobner to his subsequent fame. In the family of the Nostic's published several treatises from ecclesiastical and political the young scholar had spent, as he often declared, the history of Bohemia, from archaeology, bibliography, etc. happiest years of his life (1776-1787.) Here too, in the Dobner laid the foundation to Bohemian historical criti­ midst of a family which loved and esteemed him highly, cism. Sclrlozer who was very niggardly of praise, express­ he met the foremost men of the nation. In 1782 Dobrovsky ed himself of Dobner, that "Dobner was the first scholar while hunting, was shot, and though he recovered, the who quit blabbering, concerning Bohemian and Polish bullet remained in his body. To this accident he attri­ history." In addition to this, Dobner aroused interest in buted the mental aberration that in old age embittered several young Bohemians for native history, who after­ his existence. Completing his studies he was in 1786 wards founded a private society for the cultivation of made rector in a "general seminary;" this newly acquired natural and mathematical sciences and history. In 1784 office, was, however, of short duration, as all the "general this society assumed the name of the "Bohemian Imperial seminaries" were closed after the death of emperor Joseph. Society for Sciences." Dobner wrote exclusively in German Again Dobrovsky returned to Nostic's, devoting all his and Latin. time to researches in Slavonic history and archaeology. Martin Pelcl On German Pelzel) (1734-1801) was a noted After his coronation to the Bohemian kingdom, in 1591, pioneer of Bohemian literature. Like Dobner, he acquir­ Leopold, while tarrying in Prague, attended a sitting of a ed his rudimentary education in the schools of the Piarists local learned society. Dobrovsky, who was chosen to ad­ and subsequently studied in the universities of Prague dress the sovereign expressed the wish "that the emperor and Vienna. After he had completed his education, he might protect the Bohemian nation in the use of its spent several years in teaching in the noble families of mother tongue, the most precious inheritance of ancestors " Sternberk's and Nostic's, where he met many of the By this same learned body, Dobrovsky was sent the fol­ learned men and patriots of the day. When a chair of lowing year to Sweden in search of books and manuscripts, Bohemian language and literature was founded in the that were carried away from Bohemia and Moravia, but university of Prague, in 1792, it was tendered to Pelcl. In­ principally Prague,by the Swedes, during the Thirty Years' stalled in this honorable office, Pelcl now devoted all his War. This voyage of discovery resulted in nothing.* From spare time to literature. The first book that attracted Sweden Dobrovsky went to Petersburg and Moscow, col­ the attention of the learned to the author was a short his­ lecting material as he went along. In February, 1793, he tory of Bohemia. The unprecedented success of this work returned home. The following year he traveled with proved its usefulness. In 1795 Pelcl undertook the his noble ward through South Germany, Italy, Hungary, publication of another desirable work—Balbin's "De­ and Austria. In 1795 Dobrovsky had for the first time fense of the Bohemian language," to which we have an attack of insanity, and to derive his mind from harras- already alluded. This book, too, sold exceedingly ing thoughts, he was led to take an interest in gardening well; so well indeed, that the government officials and botany. This change of occupation was highly bene­ became suspicious, and although the censor had ap­ ficial to his health. From 1803 he resided continualy in proved of it in the first instance, the sale of it was after­ Prague, in the families of Nostic's, Sternberg's and ward forbidden. These works were followed by the bio­ fternfns. The learned works which were issued from his graphies of Charles IV., of Venceslas IV., biographies of mental work-shop multiplied, spreading his renown prominent Jesuits in Bohemia and Moravia, treatise on through Europe. A Bohemian grammar composed by 1 m Bohemian-Germans, index of Bohemian books that were was later on used as a model for similar works among published until the year of 1798, etc. Later on Pelcl re- Slavonic people- His old affliction returned in 1829and in edited his "New Bohemian Chronicle," which found much January 1829, after much suffering, the great scholar died. favor in all classes of people. *Beda Dudik in our days was more successful than Dobrovsky. He not only discovered lost manuscripts in Sweden, hut succeeded in ob- To the same class of scholars as Dobner and Pelcl, be­ taining them from the owners. They are now in the library of Brno, long Nicolas Voigt (1733-1787), Charles Ungar (1743-1807) Moravia. -V

?\ A N

• "a; yY * 11

CESKY DEN—BOHEMIAN DAY.

Prominently associated with the success of the Chicago Fair; Charles Jonas, lieutenant-governor Bohemian Day at the World's Fair, August 12, 1893, of Wisconsin, who was the speaker of the day; J". Were: Dr. A. Dvorak, director of the National Con- M. Ivrdlovec, chairman of the committee for "Bo- servatory of Music, New York City; V. J. Hlavdc, hemian Day;" L. W. Kadlec, marshal of the day; professor of music at the Imperial University in St. Mrs. Barbara Pitte, representative of the Bohemian Petersburg, Kussia, member of the jury at the women of Chicago. THE BOHEMIAN VOICE. 9

"PLZENSKY SOKOL" HALL.

Of the many edifices owned and erected by var club rooms; third floor to have lodge rooms and ious Bohemian organizations of Chicago, the head- library. The entire building is to cost $46,000. At quarters of the "Plzensky SokoT'—a branch of the present only.the basement to the first floor sill is fin- powerful "Sokol" association—will be one of the ished and next year the whole building is to be com- finest when completed. The structure fronts Ash- pleted. Steam-heating and electricity is to be used land Avenue, between 18th and 19th streets and throughout. The plans for this beautiful retreat will be 72 feet wide by 125 feet long, with base- for the "Sokols" were made by Mr. Frank Randak ment and three stories. The basement and the first a foremost Bohemian architect of Chicago, and F. story is to be of Blue Bedford stone, the remainder C. Layer & Co. (Mr. Layer is a long-time member of pressed brick and terra-cotta. Below will be baths, of the Sokols) will be the builders. The corner- swimming tank, wardrobes, restaurant, boiler and stone was laid July 24, 1892. engine rooms; the first story is to contain a gym- The present officers of the "Plzenskj' Sokol" nasium 66 feet by 72 feet, and galleries seating 400 are: F. C. La^er, president; J. L. Voborsky, vice- persons. In addition to this there will be an orches- president; B. Nejedly, secretary; J. Kulicek, treas- tra platform, toilet rooms and manager's dwelling urer; R. Hurt, captain; J. Cermak, instructor, rooms; second floor is to contain dining room and 10 THE BOHEMIAN VOICE.

FROM THE LAND OF THE CZARS. envoy to England, Sir Jerome Bowes was sent "with a

Ivan the Terrible. riche standing cupp, conteyning in it greate nombere of peeces of plat artificially wrought," which lie was to present The age of Ivan the Terrible (1538 t o 1584) was an age to the czar and explain at the same time the impossibility of cruelty; it was the century of Henry VIII. in England, of the proposed marriage. of Ferdinand and the Inquisition in Spain, of Catherine The czar's quick temper and his ready use of the terrible de Medici and the great massacres in France. The in­ iron staff led to a sad tragedy. In a discussion with his fluence of the Tartar slavery was seen in the severity of son, Ivan, he struck him a sudden ahd deadly blow- His the new laws. For a debt a man could be tied up ana fierce anger was changed the same instant to grief as beaten threQ hours a day; if, after a month, no one was fierce. moved to pay his debt for him, he was sold as a slave- Ivan died in the midst of a game of chess; just as he Thieves and murderers were hanged, beheaded, broken on was setting up the king, he fell back in a swoon. the wheel or drowned under the ice. Sorcerers were roasted alive in cages; traitors were tortured by iron hooks The False Dimitri. which tore their sides into ten thousand pieces; false The mysterious death of Prince Dimitri favored the ap­ coiners had to swallow molten metal. The noble had the pearance of pretenders to his name and rank, the first of life and death of his peasants in his hand. whom, a supposed monk of the name of Gregory Otrepiev The same barbarism was seen in the treatment of was defeated by Godunov, but on the sudden death of the woman. Herbenstein tells the following story: "There latter, he was crowned in 1605. is at Moscow a certain German, a blacksmith named Jor­ A Polish prince while taking his bath, fell angry with dan, who married a Russian woman. After she had lived his valet, who burst into tears and said: "All, Prince some time with her husband, she one day thus lovingly Adam, if you knew who is serving you, you would not addressed him: "Why is it, my dearest husband, that treat me so." "Who art thou?'' "I am Dimitri, the son you do not love me?" The husband replied, "I do love of the czar Ivan IY-" Then he told the story of his mir­ you with all my heart." "I have as yet seen no proofs of aculous escape from the assassins, produced a roll of pa­ your love," said she. The husband asked what proofs she pers, a seal bearing the name and arms of Dimitri, and wished. She replied, "you have never beaten me." his baptismal cross adorned with diamonds. Prince Adam "Really," said the man, "I did not think blows were lent a ready ear, gave him rich clothes, brocaded kaftans, proofs of love; however, I will not fail even in this re­ furs and gilded arms, and said: "All I have is at thy ser­ spect." And not long after, says Herbenstein, "he beat vice." A Russian fugitive recognized him and declared her most cruelly, and confessed to me that after that pro­ that he was his old master, the true Dimitri. The Pope's cess his wife showed much greater affection for him." nuncio took him under his protection. The Polish nobles, Ivan liked foreigners and allowed them to trade freely, always ready for any adventure, offered their services, but "he kept up an undignified rivalry with his own sub­ which he accepted with an air of granting a favor. He jects" forced them to sell him their honey, wax and furs was courteous and affable, spoke Polish and Russian equal­ at alow price, saying: "My people are like my beard—the ly well, and was acquainted with Latin and history; he oftener it is shaven the thicker it grows; they are like was used to all knightly sports, a mighty wrestler, a sure sheep that must need be shorn once a year at least to keep them from being overladen with the wool." shot, and a skillful horseman. Ivan wished to be the patron of printing, and he en­ Czar Boris Godunov was at first disposed to treat the gaged a German printer to set up a press and print a Rus­ matter lightly; he offered uoney to some of the Poles to sian Bible at Moscow (1563); but the people looked upon deliver over the "monk, rebel and magician." This only the art as impious, and so persecuted the printer that he increased their faith in him; they disdained even to reply had to flee for his life. to the bribe- Ivan the Terrible married in succession a number of But the impostor Dimitri came to grief at last. One wives, all of whom came to a more or less violent death. night, after he had been seated on the throne of the czars, He also sent an envoy to England to demand an interview the boyars attacked the Kreml; the guards played traitor; with Lady Mary Hastings, niece of the Queen, to get her the tocsin sounded. The False Dimitri fled, and leaping portrait, inquire her age and notice if she was of good out of a high window fell and broke his leg (May 29,1606). height, of plump person and fair complexion. The Rus­ He was discovered and stabbed; Basmanof, who tried to sian, when he saw the lady, "cast down his countenance, defend him, was also killed. The people took him to his fell prostrate at her feet, rose, ran back from her, his chamber, covered him with a cook's caftan. "Behold the face still toward her; she and the rest admiring at his czar of all Russians!" they cried. They then exposed the manner. Then he said by an interpreter that it did suf two corpses on the place of execution, with the impostor's lice him to behold the angel he hoped should be his mas­ feet resting on Basmanof's breast. They threw over his ter's spouse, and commended her angelical countenance, face a ribald mask which was said to have been found in state and admirable beauty." his chamber in the place usually occupied by the holy As the news of Dimitri's (czar's son) birth followed the images. A flute was thrust into his mouth, and a bag­ THE BOHEMIAN VOICE. 11

pipe was placed under his arms. After three days the turned his eyes toward Vienna and Venice. At Vienna Higgler, the sorcerer, was flung into the "poor-house," the bad news suddenly called him back to Moscow. .'/'ivsi er receptacle of friendless dead. The people believed In 1717 Peter I. visited Paris. Duclos describes him as that he was a sort of a vampire which would come to life follows: "He was a mighty tall man, very well made, again; they took his body, burned it, charged the cannon rather lean, face rather round in shape, a high forehead, tvith the ashes and scattered them to the winds. fine eyebrows, complexion reddish and brown, fine black

Peter tlie Great. eyes, large, lively, piercing, well-opened; a glance majestic and gracious when he cared for it, otherwise stern and Peter I., otherwise called "Great', (born June 9, 1672, fierce, with a tic that did not recur often, but that af­ died February 8, 1725,) was the regenerator of Russia, the fected his eyes and his whole countenance, and struck founder of her navy and army. He made Russia a Eu­ terror. It lasted an instant, with a glance wild and ter­ ropean state. rible, and immediately passed away. His whole air indi­ His zeal for all sorts of reforms was remarkable, and he cated his intellect, his reflection, his grandeur, and did decided to see for himself the countries for which civili­ not lack a certain grace. In all his visits he combined zation had done so much and which had so highly devel­ a majesty the loftiest, the proudest, the most delicate, the oped the military art, scieuce, trade and industrial pur most sustained, at the same time the least embarrasing suits. So, in the guise of an inferior official of the em­ when he had once established it, with a politeness which bassy, he visited Western Europe. savored of it, always and in all case3, master like every­ The czar practiced carpentry at Mitava, he spent a where, but with degrees according to persons. He had a month at Konigsberg in the society of the elector Freder­ sort of familiarty which came of frankness, but he was ick III. of Brandenburg. He studied artillery at Pillau, not exempt from a strong impress of that barbarism of and received a certificate for remarkable progress. He his country, which rendered all his ways prompt and sud­ visited the ironworks of Ilsenburg and enjoyed the view den, and his wishes uncertain, without bearing to be con­ from Brocken. He dined and danced with Sophia Char­ tradicted in any." Eating and drinking freely, getting lotte, the wife of Frederick III, and her mother, Sophia drunk sometimes, rushing about the streets in hired coach of Hanover, and astonished them by his awkwardness, his or cab, or the carriage of people who came to see him, of vivacity, his grimaces and his boorishness at table. wbich he took possession unceremoniously, he testified At this time the little town of Zaandam was famous towards the French regent a familiar good grace mingled for its shipbuilding. Peter had heard of it and resolved to with a certain superiority; at Che p lay to which they went study the science there. He hastened down the Rhine, together, the czar asked for beer, the regent rose, took and, without stopping at Amsterdam, took up his lodging the goblet which was brought and handed it to Peter, who at Zandaam in a small hut belonging to a blacksmith drank, and without moving, put the glass back on the whom he knew. He immediately set to work with his tray, which the regent held all the while, with a slight axe. He was soon recognized, and his stay was made un­ inclination of the head, which, however, surprised the pleasant by the crowd which followed wherever he went. public. At his first interview with the little king, he He managed, however, to visit every manufacturing es­ took up the child in his arms and kissed him over and tablishment in the neighborhood,—cutleries, rope walks, over again, "with an air of tenderness and politeness paper mills. After a week's stay he sailed back in his which was full of nature, and nevertheless intermixed own yacht to Amsterdam, where he worked busily for with a something of grandeur, equality of rank, and four months at the docks of the East India Company. All slightly, superiority of age; for all that was distinctly per­ his spare time was spent in siglit-seeiug He was inter­ ceptible." One of his first visits was to the church of the ested in everything; he went to work shops, museums, Sorbonne; when he caught sight of Richelieu's monument, grist-mills, ferryboats, hospitals; he took lessons of a he ran up to it, embraced the statue, and, "if thou wert wandering dentist; and practiced on his friends; he learned still alive, I would give thee one-half of my kingdom to to etch; he visted the Greenland whaling fleet; he engaged teach me to govern the other." artists, officers, engineers, surgeons; he bought models of The czar was for seeing everything, studying every­ ships and neglected nothing which, as he wrote to the thing; everything interested him, save the court and its patriarch, might enable him "thoroughly to master the art frivolities; he did not go to visit the princesses of the of the sea." Having learned all that the Dutch could blood, and confining himself to saluting them coldly, teach him, he went to England. Here again he was un­ whilst passing along a terrace; but he was present at a wearied. He spent most of three monts at the Deptford sitting of the Parliament and of the academies, he exam­ Docks, but found time to visit the sights of London—the ined the organization of all the public establishments, he Arsenal at Woolwich, Windsor Castle, Hampton Court and visited the shops of celebrated workmen, he handled the the Tower, and to witness a grand naval display off Spit- coining die whilst there was being struck in his honor a head. He had the curiositv to attend Quaker meetings medal bearing a fame with these words: Vires acquiret and Protestant services, and, as in Holland, to study the eundo (It will gather strength as it goes). He received a various creeds. He became very intimate with King visit from the doctors of the Sorbonne, who brought him William, who presented him with a beautiful yacht. a memorial touching the reunions of the Greek and Latin Finally Peter rejoined the embassy at Amsterdam, and churches. 12 THE BOHEMIAN VOICE.

St. Petersburg, now tbe capital of Russia, was founded revenues of the Church to the foundation of schools and by Peter. All tbe masons of tbe country were brought hospitals; she tolerated all forms of religion; she founded to tbe place which he chose as a site; it was forbidden to schools for young women; she encouraged art and science; build stone buildings elsewhere, or even to repair those she spent a million roubles in a single year for the pur­ already built. Every noble who owned five hundred chase of celebrated pictures. souls—souls is the Russian for male peasants—was re­ Catherine especially affected the friendship of French quired to erect a house of two stories. Every boat enter­ writers. She entertained Diderot with royal magnificence ing the harbor had to bring an offering of unhewn stones. and bought his library; she gave the education of her This frozen Venice of the North seemed like a'"paradise" grandsons, Alexander and Constantine, to the cave of the to the head-strong czar. He was discouraged neither by republican Laharpe; she kept up a constant correspon­ the terrible floods, nor by the unhealthy climate, nor by dence with Voltaire, the hermit of Ferney, "telling him the sullen opposition of his countries, who longed for of her victories, her reforms, and her plans to colonize the "Holy Mother Moscow." steppes." The great empress also wrote history for her Peter introduced countless reforms in Russia. He de­ grandsons; and dramas for the stage, and made herself stroyed the ancient nobility and established the Order of the patroness of Russian literature. It was said of her: Rank based on service to the state; he brought woman "She was born in Germany: she had the mind of a French­ from the seclusion of the terem into 'society; he replaced man and the heart of a Russian." the ancient council of boyar? oy the senate; he divided The personal character of Catherine was not blameless. the empire into governments and provinces with a foreign "I know," said Voltaire, "that she is reproached with system of laws and justice; he regulated the taxes; he al­ some trifles about her husband, but these are family af­ lowed foreigners to work mines and start manufactories; fairs with which I do not meddle." Her lovers were he established the secret police; he made a new alphabet countless; her lavishness toward them almost incredible; and established the Moscow Gazette; he founded schools, she distributed among them more than one hundred and academies and colleges, in which the sciences excluded the fifty thousand serfs and nearly ninety millions of roubles. classics; he built hospitals, and sent out exploring expedi­ Prince Potemkin received in two years nine million roubles tions; he built a new capital and made Russia a European and thirty-seven thousand serfs. But if she thus threw state. away the treasure of the empire, "no monarch since Ivan Peter caused his own son knouted to death because he the Terrible had extended its frontiers by such vast con­ despised his reforms. All his life long he had allowed quests." She was planning other enterprises when she nothing to stand in his way of his "terrible task;" com­ died, at the age of sixty-seven, and was succeeded by her fort, luxury, pleasure, sister, wife, son, everything was son Paul. sacrificed to the one great idea. And what was his re­ BOHEMIA AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. ward? He was so feared and hated by boyar and serf that there was scarcely one to be found in all Russia who In vain would an impatient visitor to the fair search did not devoutly wish for his death. Some said that he the pages of any of the official catalogues for the title was bewitched by the Germans; others declared that he "Bohemia." He would find small British possessions, was not the son of the Czar Alexis but a changeling. half-civilized savages, and extinct nations, represented by "'This is not our lord,'' they said, "this is a German," and their works at the Chicago exhibition, but the ancient they wanted to kill him. Meanwhile Peter's health be­ historical kingdom of Bohemia is a non-entity as far as came broken by his toils and excesses. Once he flung this exposition is concerned. Non est, that is the verdict himself into ice-cold water to save a crew of ship-wrecked pronounced upon Bohemia both by the Austrian govern­ sailors. ment and the Fair authorities. Bohemia, the very coun­ Catherine the Great. try that inaugurated the great era of exhibitions by the Catherine I. (1762-1796) was the greatest sovereign of Prague exposition of 1791, the first ever held on the Eu­ Russia after Peter. ropean continent, is denied a place among the nations of Catherine who had once declared that the "nation was the earth holding a peaceful reunion at Jackson park, for not made for sovereigns but the sovereigns for the na­ the sole reason that she has been robbed of political inde­ tion," that "liberty is the right to do everything not for­ pendence and now forms apart of that disjointed country bidden by law"was vastly irritated by French Revolution; known as the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. The products she refused to recognize the Republic. of Bohemian art and industry must, therefore, be sought Catherine's reign was distinguished forjher conquests in the respective Austrian sections at the Fair. In this and her reforms. Her conquests in the South and West way, whatever merit there may be in Bohemian work is brought Russia "into the heart of Europe;" her Persian readily credited by the visitor to an imaginary "Austrian" conquests, which followed the others, opened the way into nationality, except in case where the industrial superiority the heart of Asia. of Bohemia has outbalanced her political dependence. Her reforms were no less glorious; she "pillaged the The Bohemians number about eight million people and philosophers of the West" to form a new code of laws; reside in Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Northern Hungary. she subdivided the empire into fifty governments; she Their chief strength is in Bohemia proper. Although founded two hundred new cities; she devoted the surplus agriculture supports 45 per cent, of its people, yet Bohemia THE BOHEMIAN VOICE. 13 is tbe industrial country of Austria. Two instances will the industrial countries par excellence of the Austro-Hun- suffice to prove this. Bohemia has 134 sugar refineries garian empire. The industrial superiority of Bohemia with a yearly output of 300,000,000 kilogrammes of beet- asserts itself most emphatically in the Manufactures and sugar—and the rest of the empire has but 32 refineries. Liberal Arts exhibit. The Austrian section of the Manu­ Seven hundred and sixty-six breweries pay 11,000,000 fl. of factures Building makes an impression upon the visitor taxes—the rest of the empire hut 13,000,00011. We import as though Austria were composed of two parts: Bohemia from Bohemia the following products: beet-root sugar, and Vienna, which have supplied nearly all the exhibits. glaf: ware, porcelain and pottery, linen goods, jewelry, bed By far the most attractive "is the exhibit of Bohemian feathers, gloves, buttons, wool, pulp, beer, fruits, paper glass, notedly that of the Bohemian nobleman, Count Har- : >o s, potash, beans, musical instruments, cloth and rach. Bohemian glass has been justly famous for cen­ woolen goods, chenilles and embroideries, drugs and chem­ turies and in the delicacy of execution and fineness of ical.:;, mineral water, Carlsbad sprudel salt, etc. If it were coloring has never been surpassed. "The showing of not for Bohemia, it would be difficult to speak about Aus­ glass by this country (Bohemia)," says a Chicago paper, trian industries; for this reason the Austrian government "is comprised of an endless variety, both of shape and has always endeavored to prevent Bohemians from throw­ embellishment ••• • The cutting is exquisite. The in­ ing off the Austrian disguise, and for this reason it has cisions are so deeply made that the effect from the front not permitted the erection of an independent Bohemian surface is that of a beautiful modeled subject. There are building at the fair grounds—for the world might learn lovingcups, and plaques•••-goblets and tankards enam­ that Bohemia possesses her own culture and is entitled to eled with bunches of flowers • - - - There is every conceiv­ the first place among the nations of Austria. able gradation of toning. The Bohemian glass is a color The Bohemian women, who are certainly more progres­ study. The sea greens, violets, bluish greens, ambers, sive than their sisters in Austria or Germany,* have ap­ canary yellows, emerald greens, rose, ruby, coppers dark plied to the board of lady managers for separate space in and light, cobalt blues, combined with gilt and enamels^ the Austrian section of the Women's Building; the request are endless in variety and shape." The cases also con­ was granted in Chicago, but refused in Vienna under the tain skillful imitations of precious stones which it is most pretext that the application had come "too late." Hav­ difficult to tell from real jewels. ing been so courteously treated at Vienna, they declined The Bohemian jewelers of Prague make a fine display to place their exhibits under the Austrian flag and de­ of garnet jewelry. The Bohemian garnet, resembling cided to send only a few characteristic exhibits to Chicago. ruby in its color, is a beautiful stone. There we find it In order to secure them an independent position, they have employed in ornamenting bracelets, necklaces, rings, donated their exhibits to Mrs. Bertha H. Palmer in trust for combs, crosses, scarf-pins (in the shape of lyres, flowers, a women's museum to be erected in Chicago. Bohemian butterflies, etc ), picture frames, book covers, etc. The peasant women have sent two hundred pieces of embroid­ exhibit of Mr. Jira, of Prague, is particularly noteworthy. ery of exquisite designs with motives taken from nature's His designs are original, mostly in styles of the renais­ realms, the school of nature being their only educator. sance- A masterly work is his baton of ivory incrusted These embroideries are exhibited in the north-east corner with garnets forming linden and laurel leaves. of the Gallery of Honor, in cases numbered eleven and Next in importance is the exhibit of Bohemian porce­ fourteen. On the other hand, Bohemian women writers lain and majolica which is both varied and instructive. exhibit three hundred and seven volumes of literary In the art of coloring chinaware Bohemians have but works, including novels, books on the art of cooking, edu­ few rivals. J. J. KRAL cation, physical training, history, hygiene, journals, a book of travels, and several musical compositions. This THE POLE'S ANGELES. is a very creditable showing. The men of Bohemia have not been as fortunate as "You ask why it is that the sound of the Angelus-bely their sisters, for the former are obliged to pose as "Aus- echoing through the silence of evening affects me so trians"—a term wholly unknown to ethnology. Most of strongly. There is a story connected with the matter. the Bohemian artists refused their co-operation as there Listen, and I will tell it to you." was to be no Bohemian section in the Art Building; hence So saying, Monsieur Bazilewitch lighted a cigar and only five Bohemian artists are represented in the Austrian then, seeing that his audience was all attention, he con­ section by ten oil paintings, the best of which—and doubt­ tinued: lessly also the best and most admired of the entire section— "I must go back to the days of my youth. I had just is the famous "Defenestration" by Vaclav Brozik, repre­ left the military school, and was very proud of the sword senting that fatal incident which precipitated the Thirty I carried, and anxious for an opportunity of giving it its Years' War in 1618. baptism of blood. I had not long to wait, for trouble We have said above that the Bohemian crownlands are broke out in Varsovia, and my regiment, with many others, received orders to set out for Poland, where a campaign *Tliey have established, and maintain, a "gymnasium" for young ladies at Prague, the only one of its kind in Central Europe. In the seemed imminent. The Poles, both nobles and peasants, same city an industrial society of Bohemian women, the "2ensky Vy- had grown tired of the restraints imposed upon them, and robni Spolek," now in its twenty-third year, maintains, at a yearly cost of over 33,000 crowns, an industrial and commercial school for women had determined to make a desperate effort to free them­ which had 604 pupils in 1892. selves from the yoke which was weighing them down, and 14 THE BOHEMIAN VOICE. then began that heroic and bloody contest—Russia's eter­ guishing myself, in hopes of making up for lost time and nal shame. winning the longed-for epaulettes. + "We had the advantage of numbers, but our adversaries, "One day, while reconnoitring, I ventured too far from who were fortified by their strong faith and ardent patri­ the outposts, and fell into an ambuscade of Turks. In otism, knew the country thoroughly and they waged war the twinkle of an eye, I was seized, bound, gagged and on us without truce or mercy. Their commander-in-chief carried on a man's back into the enemy's camp, and when divided his troops into flying columns which over-ran the the bandage was removed from my eyes, I found myself country, just as the Republican troops did in France at surrounded by a about dozen men attired in a strange- the time of the first revolution. looking uniform, which seemed to be half Turkish and "I arrived, one evening, in command of a detachment, half Russian. at a village called Kurwo, where I expected to surprise a "One glance sufficed to assure me that there had been band of Polish patriots. They had been warned of our an engagement on this spot the night before; on the long approach, however, and had taken flight, and I discovered grasss were stretched the corpses of the czar's soldiers, that they had agreed with the villagers to return during and crouched beside them were Mussulmans tearing off the night and massacre us in our sleep. the clothing and quarrelling and swearing as they divided "Fortunately for us a miserable fellow told us, in ex­ among themselves the garments of the dead. change for a few roubles, that it had been arranged that "My attention was soon diverted from this horrible the ringing of the Angelus-bell should be the signal for sight, however, for the men around me began to despoil the rebels to return to the village for the purpose of me also of my clothes, and I could hear them dividing, in slaughtering us. advance, the different articles of my apparel; they had al­ "I waited several hours and then went to the church ready unfastened my coat, when I suddenly caught the myself, intending to give the signal which would call the sound of a few words spoken in the Russian language. Poles from their hiding place, but I could not find the " 'I am not surprised,' I cried, 'at being robbed by these bell-rope. After a long search, I became convinced that Mohammedan curs, but that a Russian should stoop to the rope had been purposely cut off. such conduct ' "I was furious, and ordering all the people to gather on " 'You mistake,' said the same voice, 'I am not Rus­ the village-green, I announced to them that, if within five sian, I am a Pole.' minutes' time some one of them were not ready to climb "The speaker turned toward me, and I looked at him the bell-tower and ring the Angelus, the village should in surprise, as he continued angrily: be set on fire and every one of them put to the sword. " 'Yes, I am a Pole, and when my countrymen bowed "The minutes passed slowly, and the people stood their necks to the yoke and resigned themselves, with silent, with calm, resigned faces awaiting death; suddenly hatred in their hearts, to the Russian rule, I fled from a boy of fifteen approached me," and said that he was my home. What I longed for most, was to find the means ready to do my bidding. of meeting you Russians face to face, and to avenge the " 'Here,' said I, 'take this rouble and use it to drink death of my countrymen and the humiliation of my coun­ the Czar's health. Now go up, and ring loud and long.' try.' "Without making any reply, the boy sprang like a cat "While he spoke, I could not take my eys from his face, up to the belfry, perched aloft and seized the bell-clapper and it seemed, through the mist of memory, that I had seen that face before. in both hands. " 'You are from the village of Kurwo!' I said suddenly. "But Misericordia! It was not the musical Angelus I " 'How do you know that?' he stammered, changing heard; it was the tolling of the solemn funeral-bell! The color. patriots would be on their guard, and, warned by the bell, " 'Do you not remember the Angelus-bell?' would not come out and fall into the trap I had prepared "He looked at me fixedly, then seized my hand, mutter­ for them! ing: "Breathless and blind with rage, I snatched a gun from " 'You were the commanding officer?, one of my men, pointed it at the child in the belfry and " 'I was.' took aim. But suddenly, it seemed as if a mist passed " 'You could have killed me, and I owe my life to your from before my eyes; quick as a flash of lightning, I real­ generosity. It must not be said that a Pole was guilty of ized the sublimity of the fifteen-year-old hero's action, and ingratitude toward an enemy, even though it were to a without firing I lowered my arm. Russian ' "Twenty years passed away, and then began that ter­ "He said a few words to the Turks, who instantly rible struggle between Russia and Turkey which was as moved away, and then, signing me to follow him, he sil­ disastrous for the one as for the other of the two powers, ently led me to one of our own outposts- and which terminated with the memorable taking of " 'You are free,' he said, 'and we are quits. I pray Plevna. heaven that we may meet in the battle to-morrow, face to "My chivalrous adventure in Poland had interfered face. with my advancement so materially, that I was only a "And he turned on his beel and disappeared in the captain, and I eagerly seized every opportunity of distin­ thicket." THE BOHEMIAN VOICE. 15

Mrs. Marie Blahm'k, Bohemian pharmacist, 88 The Vienna correspondent of the Times, under W. 18th Str., Chicago, delivered a lecture on the the date of August 30, reports the first death from "History of Pharmacy" at the "Pharmacy Con­ Asiatic cholera in Vienna, due to the drinking of gress" which was held on August 23, in the perma­ unfiltered water from the Danube. One death is nent Memorial Art Palace. Mrs. Blahnik is a also reported at Althafen, a suburb of Buda-Pesth. member of the "Woman's Pharmaceutical Associa­ The official returns from Galicia show that 42 new tion of Illinois." cases and 28 deaths were recorded in two days.

We are in receipt of the Przeglad Emigracyjny— A prominent newspaper speaking of the interna­ being a review of the Polish emigration—Dr. St. tional congress of socialists, says: The promise of Klobukowski, of Lemberg, Galicia, editor and pub­ victory brought by Dr. Adler, the leader of Aus­ lisher. This periodical contains valuable articles on contemporaneous Polish emigration. Our Polish trian socialists, is, however, hardly less gratifying kin, whom unexampled political misfortunes have to the socialists and is fully as disquieting to the re­ dispersed all over the world, need exactly a journal actionary governments of Europe. So persistent like Przeglad Emigracyjny, that keeps them posted has been the agitation against the Austro-Hungarian both on the events of their dismembered country, electoral system, which grants but one vote to every and on the condition of the various Polish colonies abroad. twenty inhabitants; so threatening have been its ap­ pearances within the precincts of the Vienna city hall ^Letter JBoj. and at the steps of the Hofburg Palace, that Count

R. A. S., Chicago. There are two villages in the neighborhood of Taaffe, Austrian premier, has already promised to the city of Brandys (nad Orlici), one "Kaliste, and the other "Rviste," organize a parliamentary body of workingmcn and but we are unable to find on the whole map of Bohemia such a location as "ve Kvistech u Brandysa." is on the point of conceding more. Miss Clara L., Shueyeville. MS. received and will be published. Mr. F. Lisec, 1710 South 7th Street, St. Louis, Mo. For your special benefit we will say that the editor of this paper is not an artist, that Gladstone had another speech on the Irish home- he does not furnish illustrations for the BOHEMIAN VOICE and that, rule, August 30. He began his speech with refer­ consequently, you will have to send in future your "essays on art" to some other address. The picture of Charles Havlicek which offended ences to the criticisms made by the unionist leaders your artistic taste so deeply is, if you want to know it, the best extant portrait of this great publicist. It was drawn by Havlicek's friend at a on the historical precedents he had cited on former summer resort, en nature, and among other illustrated papers "Zlata occasions for home rule in Ireland. The opposition, Praha" had published it. Of this fact, however, you seem to be ignor­ ant, as of everything else. he said, had contended that in no other countries S., New York City. We shall publish in the next number of the could analogies be found for changing the union be­ BOHEMIAN VOICE an article on "Slovaks" or "Hungarians". (2) The English pamphlet on "Slovaks," of which you speak was not sent to tween Great Britain and Ireland. Their contention this office and consequently we know nothing about its contents. could not be supported by historical facts. In

KEY TO PRONUNCIATION. Austria-Hungary, in Norway and Sweden, in the Every letter of the Roman alphabet has its one distinct sound in United States, and in the British colonies were to Bohemian. be found abundant proofs that it was altogether The accent is always on the first syllable. The consonantal combinations cs. cz, sz, common to Polish, were re desirable to separate local from imperial affairs. moved and substituted in the 15th century by John Hus by a perfect Throughout European and American literature it system of diacritic marks. was not possible to find a writer entitled to consid­ Letters in the Bohemian names have the following values: Un­ accented a in what; a in far; unaccented i in virgin; i—ee, in eve; eration who approved of the conduct of England unaccented c—ts in tsar; 5—ch in check; f—rzh in harsh; s—sh in toward Ireland or attempted to apologize for the shave; z—zh in rouge; j—y in yes. Thus: Jonas, pron. Vonash; grievous and shameful history, which, since the Cermak, pron. Chermak; Dvorak, pron. Dvorshak; Simek, pron, Shimek; Zizka, pron. Zhishka. union, they had felt compelled to deplore. J. W. SE YKORA, P. V. ROVNIANEK & CO. PUBLISHERS AND PROPRIETORS OF "HOTEL PILSEN" ATTORNEY A ND N OTARY, 180-182 E. Washington St. CHICAGO AMERIKANSKO S LOVENSKE N OVINY. 2d Door West of 5 th Avenue. No. 87 Public Square, Room 6. Cleveland, O. Bankers and Steamship Agents. Importers of Nicely Furnished Rooms and First-Class Table Slavonic Religious and Literary Works. CAM I LLE WIESENBERGER, Board. This hotel is newly refitted with Main Office: 604 Grant St., Pittsburg. all Modern Improvements, and is Dry Goods, Notions, Gents' Furn­ Branch: 25 Ave. A, Cor. 2d St., New York. situated in the heart of City. ishings, Carpets, Oil Cloths, Etc. J. J. VOITA PROPRIETORS JACOB STAINER- 1508-7O Broadway. Cleveland, Oliio. NOVAK & STEISKAL, ANTON T. ZEMAN, VINCENT DLOUHY, Mortgage Bankers, Real Estate and Loans, Manufacturer of Insurance and Passage Agents. Mortgages for Sale. Notaries Public. Collections of all kinds and Attorney and Counsellor at Law, remittances to all parts of the World 919 Chamber of Commerce, SASH, D OORS, B LINDS and HObLDINGS promptly attended to at lowest CHICAGO, ILLS. Current Rates. 697, 699 and 701 Laflin St., Chicago. Oiiice, 675 Loomis Street. CHICAGO. References: Melville W. Fuller, Chief Justice U. S- Branch Office: Paulina, bet 47th and 48th St. Near Blue Island Avenue and W. i8th St. Gregory, Booth & Harlan, Lawyers, Chicago. 16 THE BOHEMIAN VOICE.

CHICACO ADVERTISEMENTS. BOHEMIAN BREWING CO, WESTERN BUTTON MANUFACTURING CO. THE PILSEN LUMBER C O. OMAHA, NEB. OF CHICAGO. FltANK J. KASPAR, Pres. WHOLESALE LUMBER. The Largest Bohemian Brewery in America. All Sorts of Buttons Manufactured. Office and Docks, Cor. Laflin and 23d St. Pearl Buttons a Specialty. BREWERS OF THE HEALTHIEST Write for Estimates. CH I( AGO BEERj IN THE MARKET. F. J. NEKARDA, * BRANDS * Attorney and Counsellor at L aw. F. KORBEL & BROS. "GENUINE BOHEMIAN LAGER," 99 Seventh St., New York City. "PRAGUER," "GRANAT" WINE GROWERS WESTERN TOWER CLOCK MFR. Address all orders to AND PLLSEN. Of Sonoma County, C al. J. BARBORKA, Prop. BOHEMIAN BREWING CO , Also the Largest Line of "Watches, Clocks, 684 t o 706 Blue Island Ave., - CHICAGO, ILL. Eastern Depot: 40 La Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois. Jewelry, Silverware and Musical Only Pure Wines of o ur own Vintage offered. Instruments in the City. M. SIKYTA, ESTABLISHED 1886. ManufacturesTower Clocks of Every Description, F your foot is hard to fit, or if y ou don't get satis­ Dealer in IOWA CITY, IOWA- I factory wear out of shoes you now wear ; then send us an imprint of your foot with size and Imported and Domestic Wines and Liquors style you want, together with the amount you want to HI- J. pay and we will send you the best shoe you can get 582 Center Ave. CHICAGO. for the money in the country. A TRIAL SOLICITED, MANUFACTURER OF DON AT St KARA. Established 1873. PX1TE SHOTS HE T-A-XXJEK-S, FINE H AVANA C IGARS 760 Halsted Street, AND CIGAR CLI PPINGS. CHICAGO. JOHN SI75A7SN. Nos. 241 and 243 South 2nd Street, KRESL & MALLUE, ART GLASS CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA. Manufacturers of Cut, Ground and Beveled Glass. LOUIS VITi.K, CIGAR MOLDS, PRESSES, 11 and 13 S. Canal St. CHICAGO. CANTON, - - OHIO. SOLE AGENT IN U. S. FOR And all Cigar Maker's Supplies. Designs Sent on Application. V. F\ CERVENY St SONS, 379 Fulton Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Established 1885. Musical Instruments. a. WALES, SEND FOR CATALOGUE. JOHN PECHK, If you want to Save Money, Notary Public. GALVANIZED IRON C ORNICES buy all your Zinc Ornaments a Speciality. Jewelry a nd Watches, Insurance and P assage A gent, Tin and Slate Roofing, 518 Blue Island Ave. CHICAGO. From reliable house of 328 West 18th Street, CHICACO, - ILLS. W.J.WISA St SON, Established 1869. 381 W. IStli St., Chicago, Ills. FRANK KASPAR, Write for Catalogue. TAUSSIG < fc WEDELES, Proprietor of the JOSEPH IN AVAN. The Only Bohemian Importers and fiBW GKOCEf*Y HOUSE, REAL ESTATE, Packers of 537 Blue Island Ave. 643 Looinis St. 1530 South 13th Street, OMAHA, N EB CHICAGO. Sole Agent for sale of Lots in several of the best Additions to the City and South Omaha. LEAF • TOBACCO JOSEPH Property in all parts of the City For Sale or Trade. No. 238 and 240 Randolph St Wholesale Dealer in CHICACO, - ILLS. MICHIGAN AND CALIFORNIA WINES, J. W . Z EBZAN, Fine Brandies and Kentucky Whiskies. Manufacturer of Bohemian Importing Co. American Elixir of Bitter Wine, Specially FLAGS, 117-119 Adams Street, CHICAGO. recommended by prominent physicians. 395 to 401 W. 18th St. CHICAGO. BANNERS, —Wholesale Importers of— BADGES, BOHEMIAN AND RUSSIAN DRY AND FANCY GOODS ENGLISH BEAVER SHAWLS JOSEPH HOIS, U. S. Nat'l Bk Bldg, AND SMOKERS' ARTICLES. V. W. HELDT. J. J. LANGER. B. F. PORGES. OMAHA, NEB. European Office: Roudnic, Bohemia. Practical Plumber and Gas Fitter SEWER BUILDER. poferofc Zapafcm printing Co., MAX KIRCHMAN. 609 W. 31st St. HICAGO. printing in ©ifferent languages. MANUFACTURER of FINE CONFECTIONERY, Tel. Canal, 87. 1211 5. I3tb St. ©maba, ine b. Marcipan Toys, Pure Ginger Bread, and Carlsbad Wafers. FRANK VODIOKA. JOS. KRAL, FASHIONABLE MER CHANT-TAILOR 74 and 776 W. 12th St.. Boulevard, CHICAGO. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 312 South 12th Street, Send for Price List. United States National Bank Bldg., Omaha, Neb. Hardware, C utlery and Sp orting G oods Elegant N ew C ustom Tailor P arlors 423 West 18tli Street, FRANK HOLASEK, were opened by CHICAGO. Real E state, L oans, Collections JOS. KTJLICEK, Wills drawn and estates probated. At 583 W. 18th St. CHICACO. MRS. F. A. DOERING, Legal Business Promptly and Carefully Attended to. THE LEADING MILLINER, Special Attention Given to Uniforms. Clothing 435 TEMPLE COURT, Cleaned, Dyed and Repaired Promptly 378 Ontario St. CLEVELAND, O. at Moderate Prices, Mail Orders Given Prompt Attention. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.