Report on rail transport market operations in 2016 Warsaw 2017 Mission: To provide safe and competitive conditions for rail transport services. Vision: A modern and open office safeguarding the high standards of services provided on the rail transport market. This document uses icons Urząd Transportu Kolejowego downloaded from Al. Jerozolimskie 134 www.flaticon.com created by 02-305 Warsaw Freepik www.utk.gov.pl NIP: 526-26-95-081 REGON: 015481433 Ignacy Góra President of the Office of Rail Transport Dear Madams and Sirs, This report presents the situation of the rail transport market in 2016 and an analysis in relation to the previous years. The analyses conducted by the Office revealed that the rail market is changing at a rapid pace. Last year was the most successful for passenger railway undertakings. It was the second year in a row which saw growth in this segment. In 2016 the number of passengers increased by over 12 m from 280 to 292 m, i.e. by over 4%. This is the best result since 2002, when transport services were provided to 304 m passengers. The results for freight transport stayed at a similar level as in the preceding year. We are glad to see a large and unprecedented increase in intermodal transport. The number of transported units increased in relation to 2015 by over 27% and the number of TEU by nearly 25%. The weight of transported goods reached the level of 12.8 m tonnes. It is an increase of over 2.4 m tonnes in relation to 2015. A nearly 20% increase in transport performance was also recorded. In 2016, in terms of the weight of transported goods, intermodal transport’s share in the rail transport market was 5.8%. It was nearly 1.2 percentage point higher than in 2015, which was the best result in the history of intermodal rail transport in Poland. However, we should not rest on our laurels having achieved this record. It is necessary to ensure preferential and stable rules of access to infrastructure for railway undertakings providing this kind of transport services. This would allow them to, i.a., plan investments in rolling stock in the longer term. This study paints a diverse picture of rail transport. It shows the variety of the realities of rail transport and its economic environment, indicating which areas are looking at a bright future, and which require urgent action. Last year was a time of change in rail transport. This year has mainly brought challenges. The most important challenges include those connected with deciding tender procedures, signing agreements for the modernisation of railway lines and continuing the already launched investments. It is their appropriate preparation and implementation that the condition of the industry and rail transport in general will be depending on in 2017 and in the years to come. I would like to invite you to read this “Report on rail transport market operations in 2016”. I hope that it will assist you in making your business decisions and serve as a valuable source of information for experts, academic staff members, representatives of public collective transport organisers and participants in the rail transport market in Poland and all parties interested in railways in Poland. Regards, Table of contents 1. Abbreviations and terms .................................................................................................................................. 6 2. Passenger transport ........................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1. Operation of the passenger transport market in Poland ......................................................... 11 2.2. The basic parameters of the passenger transport market ...................................................... 15 2.3. The characteristics of railway undertakings ................................................................................. 18 2.3.1. Licensing passenger rail transport .............................................................................................. 18 2.3.2. Passenger transport market .......................................................................................................... 19 2.3.3. The employment and financial performance of passenger railway undertakings ... 24 2.4. The range of services provided by railway undertakings ......................................................... 26 2.4.1. The structure of the rolling stock of standard-gauge passenger railway undertakings 34 2.4.2. Meeting the interoperability requirements in terms of passenger rolling stock in 2016 ................................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.4.3. The evaluation of the quality of rail transport services – punctuality .......................... 41 2.4.4. The evolution of passenger transport services in Poland against other European countries ............................................................................................................................................................ 42 2.4.5. Narrow-gauge railway – market data, basic information on operation ....................... 45 3. Freight transport services ............................................................................................................................. 47 3.1. The basic parameters of the freight transport market ............................................................. 47 3.1.1. Weight, transport performance, operational performance .............................................. 47 3.1.2. The main groups of goods in rail transport .............................................................................. 48 3.1.3. The average commercial speed .................................................................................................... 56 3.2. Characteristics of railway undertakings ....................................................................................... 57 3.2.1. Freight transport licensing ............................................................................................................. 57 3.2.2. The market of freight railway undertakings............................................................................ 58 3.2.3. The employment and business performance of freight railway undertakings .......... 61 4 3.3. The range of services of railway undertakings........................................................................... 63 3.3.1. The paths of freight trains in domestic transport ................................................................. 63 3.3.2. Trains in domestic transport covering a minimum distance of 200 km........................ 65 3.3.3. The paths of freight trains in international transport ......................................................... 67 3.3.4. Trains in international transport covering a minimum distance of 200 km ................ 67 3.3.5. Freight transport in international transport ........................................................................... 68 3.3.6. Intermodal transport ........................................................................................................................ 71 3.3.7. The transport of dangerous goods .............................................................................................. 78 3.3.8. The structure of the rolling stock of freight railway undertakings ................................ 80 3.3.9. The compliance with the rolling stock interoperability requirements in 2016 ........ 82 3.4. The freight transport dynamics in Poland in comparison with other European countries ...................................................................................................................................................... 83 4. Railway infrastructure .................................................................................................................................. 86 4.1. The development of railway infrastructure in 2016 in the context of the single European railway area ................................................................................................................................... 86 4.2. The functioning of infrastructure managers in Poland........................................................... 88 4.3. The basic market parameters and characteristics of infrastructure managers .......... 90 4.3.1. Railway line parameters .................................................................................................................. 91 4.3.2. Fees for access to infrastructure ................................................................................................. 95 4.3.3. Freight transport corridors in Poland ........................................................................................ 96 4.3.4. Infrastructure investments and railway system interoperability ................................... 97 4.3.5. The employment and business performance of infrastructure managers .................. 99 4.4. Providing railway undertakings with access to infrastructure ........................................ 100 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................ 103 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................................................. 105 5 1. Abbreviations and terms