Tadeusz Baird. the Composer, His Work, and Its Reception
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Tadeusz Baird. The Composer, His Work, and Its Reception Eastern European Studies in Musicology Edited by Maciej Gołąb Editorial board Mikuláš Bek (Brno) Gražina Daunoravi ien (Vilnius) Luba Kyjanovska (Lviv) Mikhail Saponov (Moscow) Adrian Thomas (Cardiff) László Vikárius (Budapest) Volume 17 Eastern European Studies Barbara Literska in Musicology Edited by Maciej Gołąb Editorial board Mikuláš Bek (Brno) Gražina Daunoravi ien (Vilnius) Luba Kyjanovska (Lviv) Mikhail Saponov (Moscow) Tadeusz Baird. The Composer, His Adrian Thomas (Cardiff) László Vikárius (Budapest) Work, and Its Reception Volume 17 Translated by John Comber Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliograe; detailed bibliographic data is available online at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. The Publication is funded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Re- public of Poland as a part of the National Programme for the Development of the Humanities in 2017-2018, project number 21H 16 0024 84. This publication re- ects the views only of the author, and the Ministry cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck ISSN 2193-8342 ISBN 978-3-631-80284-7 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-631-80711-8 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-80712-5 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-80713-2 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b16420 Open Access: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 unported license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ © Barbara Literska, 2020 Peter Lang – Berlin ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliograe; detailed bibliographic data is available online at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for To Michał and Paweł at the Library of Congress. The Publication is funded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Re- public of Poland as a part of the National Programme for the Development of the Humanities in 2017-2018, project number 21H 16 0024 84. This publication re- ects the views only of the author, and the Ministry cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck ISSN 2193-8342 ISBN 978-3-631-80284-7 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-631-80711-8 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-80712-5 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-80713-2 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b16420 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2020 All rights reserved. Peter Lang – Berlin ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microlming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................ 13 ............................................................................... 15 1. Methodological Issues 1.1. The subject, aim and scope of research .................................................... 16 1.2. Types of research method .......................................................................... 16 1.3. The sources for research ............................................................................. 18 1.4. The state of research ................................................................................... 19 ........................................................................................................ 21 2. Composer 2.1. Family and friends ...................................................................................... 22 2.2. Life and creative work – calendar ............................................................. 32 2.2.1. Childhood – before the war (1928–1939) ........................................ 32 2.2.2. Youth – the Second World War (1940–1945) .................................. 33 2.2.3. Adulthood – after the Second World War ........................................ 39 2.3. Tadeusz Baird’s artistic worldview ............................................................ 66 2.3.1. Attitude to the past and to the artistic ideas of his times ............... 66 2.3.2. The role of the composer in twentieth-century culture .................. 68 2.3.3. The social role of music ...................................................................... 69 2.3.4. Artistic attitude .................................................................................... 70 2.3.5. The process of composing .................................................................. 71 2.3.6. Teaching composition ......................................................................... 73 2.3.7. The relationship between words and music ..................................... 74 2.4. Tadeusz Baird’s creative personality ......................................................... 77 ................................................................................................................... 85 3. Work 3.1. Changes in compositional style ................................................................ 86 3.2. The neoclassical strand (1949–1955) ....................................................... 88 8 Contents 3.2.1. In old style: Colas Breugnon ............................................................... 91 3.2.2. In cheerful mood with folk accent: the Piano Concerto ................ 98 3.2.3. With panegyric elements: Ballada o żołnierskim kubku [Ballad of the soldier’s cup] .............................................................. 101 3.2.4. Of ‘Romantic’ expression: the Sinfonietta ...................................... 104 3.3. The art of twelve notes (1956–1967): Four Essays ................................. 112 3.4. Expressionist drama (1966): Jutro [Tomorrow] .................................... 128 3.5. Sonoristic tendencies (1968–1978) – Sinfonia breve ............................ 147 3.6. Towards postmodernism (1980–1981): Głosy z oddali [Voices from afar] ................................................................................................... 159 3.7. Summary .................................................................................................... 169 ....................................................................................................... 175 4. Reception 4.1. Methodological strategy ........................................................................... 176 4.2. The first period of reception (1949–1981) ............................................. 179 4.2.1. The purely receptive form of reception .......................................... 180 4.2.2. The analytical-creative form of reception ....................................... 198 4.2.3. The creative form of reception ......................................................... 271 4.2.4. The analytical form of reception ...................................................... 297 4.2.5. The diffusive form of reception ....................................................... 301 4.2.6. Summary of reception in the years 1949–1981 ............................. 331 4.3. The second period of reception – posthumous (1982–2010) ............. 332 4.3.1. The analytical-creative form of reception ....................................... 332 4.3.2. The creative form of reception ......................................................... 374 4.3.3. The analytical form of reception ...................................................... 389 4.3.4. Summary of reception in the years 1982–2010 ............................. 392 Summary ............................................................................................................. 395 The oeuvre of Tadeusz Baird – an attempted appraisal ............................... 396 Contents 9 Chronological Catalogue of Musical Output ..................................... 403 List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................... 463 Appendix ............................................................................................................. 467 List of Tables ...................................................................................................... 475 Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 479 Index of Names ................................................................................................. 525 Effort, consciously controlled, and an aspiration to honesty with regard to the work and to oneself give […] every artist just a chance – the future will reveal the rest. Tadeusz Baird, 1973 Introduction Tadeusz Baird (1928–1981), a Polish composer active during the second half of the twentieth century, was an outstanding creative artist. Unfortunately, the