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TO PROMOTE THE STUDY OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY, ELECTROMETALLURQY, CHEMICAL PHYSICS, METALLOGRAPHY AND KINDRED SUBJECTS.

JULY, 1914.

__ - ___ ~~

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, 1914.

The Annual General Meeting, 1914, will take place in the autumn on a date to be announced in due course. The following nominations for the Officers and Council (1914-15)to be elected at the Annual General Meeting have been made by the Council :-

President : Sir Robert Hadfield, F.R.S. Vice-Presidents : Professor K. Birkeland, Bertram Blount, W. R. Bousfield, K.C., Professor F. G. Donnan, F.R.S., Dr. Eugene Haanel, Professor A. K. Huntington, Dr. T. Martin Lowry, F.R.S. Treasurer : F. Mollwo Perkin, Ph.D. Couizcil: R. Belfield, W. R. Cooper, EmiI Hatschek, Dr. R. S. Hutton, Professor Alfred W. Porter, F.R.S., E. H. Rayner, A. Gordon Salamon,

Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. Dr. R. Seligman, Dr. George Senter, Cav. Magg. E. Gtassano.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL TO BE PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, 1914.

The Council has pleasure in presenting to Members the Tenth Balance Sheet and Annual Report of the work of the Society. The decrease in membership which was an unpleasant feature of last year’s Report has now ceased, and it is gratifying to be able to record an increase in the number of Members. The greater part of this increase has taken place since the beginning of 1914,and it can be traced directly to the modification of the Rules which is referred to in the course of the Report. Death has inflicted severe losscs on the Society since the issue of last year’s Report. Sir Joseph Swan, the Society’s first President, died on May 27th last, at the age of 86. His death is not only a grievous loss to the Society as such, but it will be deeply felt as a personal loss by a considerable number of Members, to whom he was at once friend, guide, and master. Sir Joseph View Article Online

2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY

was associated with the Faraday Society from the very moment the idea of forming a “ Society of Electrochemists” took inception in the mind of Mr. Sherard Cowper-Coles, and at the meeting held at St. Ermin’s Hotel on January 6, 1903, when the Society was formally initiated, it was Sir Joseph Swan who moved the resolution which created it. On June 30th of the same year, at the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society, Sir Joseph sent in-he was unfortunately unable to be present in person-an inspiring and suggestive inaugural address, and since then he not only, in spite of his great age, presided frequently at Council and Ordinary Meetings, but he kept in close touch with its work, and his keen interest in it never abated. The Faraday Society was represented at the funeral by the Treasurer. On May 15th last there died another distinguished Member of the Society, Paul Hkroult, at the early age of 51 years. M. Hkroult was probably the most famous electrometallurgist of his day. His great work, first as a pioneer in the manufacture of aluminium and later in the electric refining of steel, is too well known to be described again here. A burly, genial figure, his loss will be sincerely felt by his many friends in the Society and out of it, here and abroad. Finally, the death must be recorded of Mr. Charles C. Connor, of Belfast, which took place on February 10th last, at the age of 72. Mr. Connor, who was one of the most prominent citizens of Belfast, was also one of the original members of the Faraday Society. His interest in electrochemistry was very considerable, he having been one of the founders of the Electrolytic Alkali Company (Limited) at Middlewich, which was formed for the purpose of manufacturing soda ash and bleaching powder by the well-known process of which he was a joint patentee. At a Special General Meeting held after the Annual General Meeting on November 29th last, certain alterations were made in the Rules for the purpose of facilitating the election of new Members and particularly of those already belonging to cognate scientific Societies. Under the revised Rules it is only necessary for a candidate for election to be proposed by a Member to whom he is personally known, and no further sponsorship is necessary, while in the case of Members of the cognate Societies, which are determined by the Council, the personal application of the candidate is the only formality

Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. required, Members of these Societies are also exempt from paying the entrance fee of LI. For the present the Council has decided to regard the following as cognate Societies : The Chemical Society, the Institute of Metals, the Institution of Electrical Engineers, the Iron and Steel Institute, and the Physical Society of London. These changes in the Rules have already been fruitful in extending membership of the Society, and it is certain that as they become more widely known their effect will be most beneficial. Members are urged to make known wherever possible the nature and the scope of the Society and the advantages of membership. For this purpose an explanatory circular has been drawn up, copies of which can be obtained from the Secretary. It remains to be stated that the five Societies mentioned above have expressed their appreciation of the privileges accorded to their Members under the new Rules and have courteously notified them to this effect. A proposal will be put forward at the Annual General hleeting to give the Council power to extend these privileges to distinguished foreigners whose election to membership it may be considered desirable to facilitate. Financially the position of the Society is satisfactory. There is a balance af A116 19s. Iod. for the year 1913,although this high figure is largely accounted for by the fact that the amount spent on TRASSACTIOSSwas below the average, the size of the Papers presented having been smaller than usual, View Article Online

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY 3

The final balance at the end of the year was L159 8s. sd., in addition to the Life Subscription Fund, which stands at ;f;300. No figure is put on the balance sheet to cover the back numbers of TRANSACTIOXSwhich are still in stock, although there continues to be a steady demand for these from all quarters of the globe. The item L29 11s. Iod. for expenses in connection with meetings includes a sum of LII IOS., which was the net cost incurred by the Society in arranging the general discussion on “COLLOIDS”held early in the year. The actual cost of the meeting was L35, but of this amount Lz3 10s. was met by a special fund raised for the purpose from among the Members of the Council. Four Ordinary Meetings were held during 1913,at which 28 Papers were read. The feature of the session was the predominance given to general discussions, in accordance with the desire that has been expressed in many quarters to extend this branch of the Society’s work. The first of the general discussions, held on March 12tl1, dealt with “COLLOIDSAND THEIR VISCOSITY.” It extended over an afternoon and evening session and was largely attended. A dinner was held between the two sessions. Dr. Wolfgang Ostwald, Professor Victor Henri, Professor Wolfgang Pauli, and Professor H . Freundlich, all distinguished workers in the field of colloidal chemistry, came to London specially to take part in the meeting and contribute Papers. The following month, on April 4th, a very successful meeting was held at Manchester, conjointly with the Local Section of the Socicty

of Chemistry Industry, the subject discussed being (I THE CORROSION OF IRON ASD STEEL.” The local arrangements were in the hands of Professor W. W. Haldane Gee, the Local Honorary Secretary of the Society in Manchester. In the autumn the general discussion was on the subject of “THEPASSIVITY OF METALS.’’ To this again an afternoon and evening were devoted, separated by an informal dinner, at which Professor Grube, who came over to open the discussion, was the guest of the occasion. In the spring of the present year the subject of the general discussion was “ OPTICALROTATORY POWER.” Full reference to this will be made in the next Annual Report. Arrangements are being made to hold during the autumn Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. general discussions on ‘I THEHARDEKING OF METALS”and “THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRYOF THE PHOTOGRAPHICPLATE.’’

PAPERS READ BEFORE THE SOCIETY IN 1913. March 12th.

GENERALDISCUSSIOK ON COLLOIDS AND THEIR VISCOSXTY :- The Importance of Viscosity for the Study of the Colloidal State. Dr. WOLFGANGOSTWALD (Leipzig). The Determination of the Size of Colloidal Particles. Professor VICTOR HEXHI(Paris). The Viscosity and Electrochemistry of Protein Solutions. Professor WOLFGANGPAULI (Vienna). The Kate of Coagulation of Al(OH),-sols as measured by the Yiscosity Ch an ge . Professor H. FREUNDLICHand Professor C. ISHIZXKE(Brunswick). The General Theory of Viscosity of Two-phase Systems. EMILHATSCHEK. View Article Online

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY

April 4th (at Manchester). GENERALDISCUSSION ON THE CORROSION OF IRON AND STEEL :- An Electrolytic Theory of the Corrosion of Iron. BERTRAMLAMBERT, M.A. Electrolytic Methods for Preventing Corrosion. Professor w. mr. HALD4NE GEE, M.SC. The Nature of Overvoltage. J. I. CRABTREE,M.Sc. Note on a Specimen of Ancient Iron from Ceylon. WALTERROSENHAIN, F.R.S.

November 12th. GENERALDISCUSSION ON THE PASSIVITY OF METALS:- Introduction. GEORGESENTER, D.Sc. Anodic and Kathodic Ketardation Phenomena and their bearing upon the Theory of Passivity. Professor G. GRUBE(Dresden). Review and Interpretation of Recent Experiments which Extend and Elucidate the Domain of the Passivity of Metals. Dr. G. REICHINSTEIN(Ziirich). The Photo-electric Behaviour of Iron and the Theory of Passivity. H. STAKLEYALLEN, M.A., DSc. The Phenomena of Passivity. Professor MAX LE BLANC(Leipzig). The Hydrogen Theory of Passivity. Professor G. C. SCHMIDT(Miinster) and W. KATHERT. The Relation of Passivity to the Phenomenon of Electrolytic Valve Action. Professor Dr. GUNTHERSCHULZE (Berlin).

Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. The Mechanism of Anodic Reactions and the Behaviour of Iron and Nickel Anodes. Professor E. P. SCHOCH(Texas).

November 26th. A Physico-chemical Study of Sodium Amalgams. ERNESTVANSTONE. The Influence of a Second Solute on the Solubility of Ortho-phthalic Acid. A. C. D. RIVETT,M.A., D.Sc., and E. 1. ROSENBLUM, M.Sc. An Oxidizable Variety of Nitrogen. T. MARTINLOWKY, D.Sc. Overvoltage. Professor J. W. RICHARDS. New Experiments on Colloids. T. A. COWARD,B.Sc. A Redetermination on the Elastic Modulus of Aluminium. F. J. BRISLEE,D.Sc. The Density of Aluminium. F. J. BRISLEE,D.Sc. View Article Online

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY 5

On the Potential Due to Liquid Contact. 111. The Effect of Variations in the Nature of the Liquid Boundary on the Electromotive Force. A. C. CUMMING,D.Sc., and ELIZABETHGILCHRIST, BSc. Xote on the Electrolytic Determination of Copper in Solutions containing Nitric Acid. ELIZABETHGILCHRIST, B.Sc., and A. C. CUMMING,D.Sc. A Silica-jacketed Silica Polarimeter Tube. T. MARTIS LOWRY,DSc. The Einbrittling of Iron by Caustic Soda. J. H. ANDREW,&f,Sc.

PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY.

VOL. XXIlI. The Electrodeposition of Metals. u?.L. hfILLER. The Electrodeposition of Gold and Silver. F. c. FRARY. The Electrodeposition of Cobalt and Nickel. 0. P. WATTS. The Electrodeposition of Lead. F. C. MATHERS. The Electrodeposition of Tin. E. F. KERN. The Electrodeposition of Copper. C. W. BESNETT. The Electrodeposition of Brass and Bronze. C. W. BENNETT.

Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. Discussion on the Electrodeposition of Metals. Conduction and Radiation of Heat. I. LASGMUIH. Experiments with Furnace Electrodes. F. A. J. FITZGERALDand A. T. HINCKLE\~. Aluminium Nitride. J. W. RICHARDS. Some Tests of the Edison Storage Battery. C. W. BENSETTand H. N. GILBERT. Concentration Changes in Copper Sulphate Electrolysis. C. W. BENNETTand C. 0. BROWN. Water-immiscible Organic Liquids as Central Conductors in Galvanic Cells. K. BEGTNER. Hyperbasis. F. €3. KENRICK.

VOL. XXIV. Flow of Heat through Furnace Walls ; The Shape Factor. I. LANGMUIR,E. Q. Amhis, and G. S. MEIKLE. View Article Online

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY

STATEMENT OF INCOME AND BC. EXPENDITURE. E s. d. To General Printing ...... 62 I 10

Trama c t io 12 s ...... 86 9 8 Proceedirags ...... 16 8 3

Expenses Exchange of American Transactions ...... 61 2 9 Office Expenses, Translations, and Sundries ...... 25 0 3

Postage ...... 24 12 7 Expenses in connection with Meetings ...... 29 XI 10

Salary of Secretary ...... I00 0 0 Contribution to International Commission for Publication

of Tables of Constants ...... 500

Balance on Year’s Working ...... 116 19 10

Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. BALANCE SHEET, DC. LIABILITIES.

E s. d. To Sundry Creditors ...... 149 18 10 .. Subscriptions received in advance ...... 600 .. Life Subscriptions ...... 300 o o ,, Balance ...... I59 8 5

F. MOLLWO PERKIN, Treasurer. yllly, 1914. View Article Online

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY 7 Soctetp, EXPENDITURE FOR THE SESSION 1913. INCOME. at. ;G s. d. ;t; s. d. By Subscriptions for 1913 :- Received ...... 302 o o Outstanding ...... 58 o o

_L_- 360 o o

Entrance Fees for 1913 ...... I0 0 0 Advertisements in Transactions ...... 568 Sale of Transactions and Reprints ...... 61 9 3 Contribution from American Electrochemical Society ... 70 9 o

Discounts allowed ...... 4'9 2

Interest ...... 15 2 11

DECEMBER 31, 1913. Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. ASSETS. at.

E s. d. s. d. By Cash in Bank ...... 321 16 5

), E200 Queensland Stock (at cost) ...... 191 9 4 ), Cash in hand ...... I 16 o

___- 515 1 9

,) Sundry Accounts ...... 24 5 6 ,) Outstanding Subscriptions less amount written off ...... 76 o o

@I5 7 3

The above accounts have been audited and found correct. J. W. HINCHLEY, Honorary Aztdiiors. ERIC K. RIDEAL, 1 View Article Online

8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY

Some Aspects of Heat Flow. E. F. NORTHRUP. The Heat Resistivity of Carbon and Graphite. J. W. RICHARDS. Possible Applications of the Electric Furnace to Western Metallurgy. D. A. LYONand R. M. KEENEY. Electric Smelting of Chromium, Tungsten, Molybdenum, and Vanadium Ores. R. M. KEENEY. The Art of Electric Zinc Smelting. W. McA. JOHNSON. The Electric Zinc Furnace. P. 33. PETERSON. The Electrolysis of Cyanide Solutions. E. F. KERN. The Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions of the Simple Alkaline Cyanides. G. H. CLEVENGERand M. L. HALL. Simultaneous Determination of Copper and Lead with the Rotating Anode. A. J. WHITE. Rapid Refining of Copper with a Kotating Kathode. C. Mi. BENNETTand C. 0. BROWN. Solid, Thick Deposits of Lead from Lead Acetate Solutions. F. C. MATHERS.

Effect of Light 011 Decomposition Voltage. A. LEIGHTON. The Transforination of Radiant into Chemical Energy. s. c. LIND. Progress in Electrostatic Ore Dressing. F. S. MACGREGOR.

Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. The Qrnotite Industry. S. FISCHER. Some Observations on Base Metal Thermocouples. 0. L. KOWALKE. Osmium-Platinum-A New Alloy. F. ZII1hIEXMAX.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTY-THIRD ORDINARY M EETI NG.

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS.

The Seventy-third Ordinary Meeting of the Faraday Society was held on Tuesday, June 23, 1914, at the Institution of E 1e c t r i cal E ng i neers, V i c t or i a E m ba n k ni en t , Lon don, W .C . View Article Online

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY 9 Dr. R. T. Glazebrook, C.B., F.R.S.,Past President, was in the chair. The, President, Sir Robert Hadfield, F.R.S., delivered his Presiden- tial Address on Advances in the Metallurgy of Iron ,and Steel.” The reading of the Address was illustrated by lantern-slides and exhibits. A vote of thanks to the President for his most interesting and stimulating address was moved by Professor A. K. Huntington and seconded by Mr. Alexander Siemens, and on being put to the meeting by the Chairman was carried with acciamation, The Address is published in full in the current issue of Transactions (Vol. X, Part I, August, 1914).’

DINNER, MAY 13, 1914. The Faraday Society gave a dinner at the Trocadero Restaurant, London, W., on Wednesday, May 13th last, in honour of Professor Paul Sabatier, of the University of Toulouse, who was in London delivering a Course of Lectures on Catalysis before the University of London. The President, Sir Robert Hadfield, F.R.S., proposed the toast of the guest of the evening, and he was supported by Dr. T. Martin Lowry, F.R.S., Professor H. E. Armstrong, F.R.S., Sir William Tilden, K.C.B., Professor Percy Frankland, F.R.S., and Dr. R. Messel, F.R.S. The health of the other guests present was proposed by Mr. W. R. Bousfield, K.C., and Professor Svante Arrhenius and Professor E. Heyn responded.

OFFICIAL NOTICES. Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. DEATHS.

HEROULT, PAUL L., May 19, 1914, La Praz, Savoie, France. SWAS, SIR JOSEPHWILSOS, May 27, 1914, Overhill, Warlingham, Surrey.

NEW MEMBERS. ABRAM,HAROLD HELLIKG, h1.S~. . . Medical School, Guy’s Hospital, SE. DAwSOs, HARRYMEDFORTH . . . 23, Claremont Drive, Headingley, Leeds. HATFIELD, WILLIAMHERBERT, D.MET. . 15, Oakdale Road, Sheffield. HOLT,ALFRED, D.Sc., M.A.. . . . Muspratt Laboratory,The University, Liverpool. RAI HASHMET, B.A., ?LLI.SC. . . . . Government College, Lahore, India. TIXKER,FRANK, B.Sc. . . . , . Fern Bank, Marsden, Nr. Huddersficld.

CHASGES OF ADDRESS. BAUME, DR. GEORGES. . . 14, Avenue de Trocadero, Paris (XVI). ECCLES,E. E...... I, Essex Villas, Kensington, W GATEHOUSE,T. E. . . . . 128, Tulse Hill, S.W. HARDEN, JOH. . . Guldsmedshyttan, Sweden. View Article Online

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY

THE HADFIELD RESEARCH PRIZE. A Research Prize of the value of &zoo has been placed by Sir Robert A. Hadfield, F.R.S., at the disposal of the Council of the Iron and Steel Institute, to be awarded by the Council to the author of the best con- tribution to the publications of the Institute on the subject of the Different Forms or Combinations of Carbon in Iron, Steel, and Alloys of Iron with other Elements. Competition for the Prize is open to metallurgists, chemists, and others interested in metallurgy, and it is proposed that the prize shall be awarded at the annual meeting of the Institute in May, 1916,for the best paper presented before February I, 1916. Sir Robert Hadfield is also prepared to offer a second prize for the paper next in merit to the one which gains the first prize, provided it is adjudged to be a really meritorious paper. Intending competitors should communicate, in the first place, with Mr. G. C. Lloyd, Secretary of the Iron and Steel Institute, 28, Victoria Street, London, S.W., from whom further. information may be obtained.

NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY, 191.5. The Ninth International Congress of Applied Chemistry, 1915, will be held at St. Petersburg from August 8th to August 14th (new style). The President of the Congress is Professor P. I. Walden, and the Honorary Secretary, to whom all communications should be addressed and from whom full particulars may be Dbtained, is Professor W. H. Ipatiew, 8, Winter F’alace Place, St. Petersburg. The membership fee is leu roubles, payable to the Treasurer of the Congress, V. F. Schaefer.

SIXTH IXTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF MINING, METALLURGY, ENGINEERING, AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 1915. The Sixth International Congress of Mining, Metallurgy,

Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. Engineering, and Economic Geology, 1915,will be held in London from Monday, July Izth, to Saturday, July 17th. The Congress will be divided into the following four Sections :-I. Mining, 11. Metallurgy, 111. Engineering, IV. Economic Geology. The ordinary Congress fee is ;GI, entitling to registration in any one of the four sections. Full particulars may be obtained from The Secretary of the International Congress, London, 1915, 28, Victoria Street, London, S.W.

VAN’T HOFF MEMORIAL. Members of the Society are cordially invited to attend the unveiling of the nioiiument to Van’t Hoff, at Rotterdam, at the beginning of October. Further particulars will be given in due course,

BINDING CASES. Dark green cloth gilt-lettered cases for binding any back volumes of the Transactions may be ordered by application to the Secretary, 82, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.m7. Price IS. 2d. post free. If, the separate parts and the title-page are sent post paid to MESSRS. UXWISBROTHERS, LTD., 27, Pilgrim Street, E.C., the cases will be supplied and the volumes bound complete for 2s. each, or 2s. 4d. post free for the United Kingdom. View Article Online

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY 11

TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY. Members who desire it can have the Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society bound in cloth instead of in paper on payment of an extra charge of two shillings a year, which should; be sent to the Secretary of the Faraday Society, 28, Victoria Street, London, S.W. Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05. View Article Online

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UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED

WOKING AND LONDON Published on 01 January 1914. Downloaded 22/10/2014 18:03:05.