NEW YORK MAR 1 1964 UN

7 ■ a . osmi,o Is Ntow Goz;2,c$ - 1 -713,9 D -Revealed by AnolaerTFEAR OF PUBLICITY _Is By Peter Deriabin . as almost patle,:loeleal :zee of I recall that I had The recent defection of Soviet intelligence Officer Yuri I- Nosenko has again focused the attention of the world on . the subject at deeectors from communism. Asa former Soviet ;mei:city. which even now, in retroencet, is dtffieceic to ex- - intelligence officer, now a United States citizen, and a rest- plait. My only experience with press media was in the • der.t of the United States for the last, ten years, I naturally Soviet Union. where the press is the official yea:ccS. eoveen- of the have more than a passing interest in such events. / government and•the Communist party. As naive as It may vicariously relive each new defection as each one takes me. sound, I could not be convinced that Arnerican press corn- better ur.derstarelinz of back to the time. almost exactly IQ years ago, when I made menes on my defectiOn did not reflecta official U. ray own anal. Irrevocable decision to reject communism, ment reaction to my defection. But with the passzez oe the the Soviet system and the Soviet way of life. I remember; of last the le expression years I have "free come press." to I think it safe to any that ' so well that feeling of deep loneliness which accompanied. Western democracy and to appreciate the true meaning the decision to leave all that I knew and embrace the un- known. It was some conifort that the unknown West had the life blood of Western newspapers is current news. The at least been explored by me somewhat during my stay in; defection of a Soviet. citizen. and particularly of a. Soviet Vienna, I knew that It might hold hardship for me Into the.those; Intelligence there is pressure officer. isto "hoe get something news," and about as coon it into as it print. happens. But unfortunately the time of the greatest pressure, or-- future. but 11 could hold no horrors comparable e I was leaving. . leaving much that was good and much desire, if you will, on the part of news mccea for information Yet I was which I loved. This knowledge only made me more bitterly about a defector and his defection, coincides exactly with ;news on the part of the defector hinizelf:172 hartoeir.1and on ;hc him. part :- hate the inhuman reetme which had made It impeseibie the time of the greatest resistance to the release of anyprere . - for me to retain both my heritage and my self-respect. I think that Nesenko must be experiencing similar of the defector's Western 'Mende who •T:ce:":1 -feelings. Even now I vividly remember. In the weeks fol. Lacking factual information, and under pressure lowing my own defection. how I was alternaeely depressed duce copy. our enterprising reporters will-ea:ion often andnelee value what- of and elated; now filled with a tremendous drive to unburnen ever wimpy facts they can unearth, aeed. en:ben:eh - myself, to clear-se myself of the filth which had forced me Indulginesuch defectors. In fancieul, unrealistic grid reerrezeimes acenzliy to break away, now lethargic, disinterested. overcome by harmful- speculation regarding the mot Certainly Nosenko's Immediate value to Ghe Amer:ran "weleschnierz." :counteretntelligence services will be great. However, ha The most dLteult transition of all was to realize the Americans criticize themselves and lone-range value to the West is infinitely greater and . freedom with which loneer-lasting. Essentially Nosenko as a Soviet intelligence their institutions. In thei3 either controlled an undercurrent, state society dangerous of the officer personifies the elite of the Soviet Union. As an .Soviet Union. criticismused as a device of the regime-- either telligence officer he was fIrst a political realist who, due to to express, or It is a aen- his privileged access to information and right to travel ' *rectal self-critiesm designed to relieve tension-in abroad, best understood conditions as they really *ore in • .sltive arcs or the sort of provocation intended to ferret out the Soviet Union without the gloss put on them by the "troublesome" people. Suspicion within the highest levels Soviet propaganda machine. _or the Soviet state Is Intense, and half your waking hours As a member of the HGB. which is the pre:reg.-7 instra- are spent speculating on the real motives behind relatively simple acts; you begin to worry about the inflection of casual greetings. So le was deeply unsett ir. to me, at nest. ' ment for implementing lehrushchev's 'peaceful coenistenec" to hear the normal comments of Americans about every- poeecy abroad, he beat-understood the inherent hypoceesy of thing from the Presidency to the_price of etas. At ft.-st, .-e trying to fit American outspokenness-trap the norms of Soviet society, I brooded about "provocations" or "counter- -- aeropaganda." It Look me almost a year to realize the die- /erences between a society where free speech is taken for 4 0 granted- and the statist society which I had left. I would v 4 . venture to say that the experience of a free speech eociety , re is the most difficult adjustment any Soviet defector must , roritfatled Ck_

A:Tit:- -nuniat party tr.era- Brazil. Stziganov to Uruguay. neecley .eiekeeeev Soviet foreirn policy. As he was a Core tins, and Alresander Alenzenev in Cuea. No aente; Nazien.o bcr. Le experienced the moral and spiritual baniereptcy of will know others. the ruling political party in the Soviet Union. Aa a member I am coneineed that we shoele.ner riveof -neeNe.nenee Le; • ee of the KGB. charged with maintatninz the iron-fisted sub- was not deceived by "Potem- fection as a spec:an:11r cr unntee. 114a:ion of his own people, he net rather as a viae:e se.rantom of a mere deep-sese i and kin Villages" and other fancy showplaces erected to deceive serious disease wrech is epid.errec witnin the Sven; evey and delude the foreign tourists who malts. the "borscht politic. For Nosenlo's defection is certainly not an irelarne. circuit." tour through the USSR. .case. Only recently we learned of the case of Col. On; ?restrike probably was daily confrontedneed to suppress with andthe imere.. Penkovsky, who was executed for woesing-non for for Western. over rezee In- voiced by the Soviet government's telligence services inside the Soviet In patience and frustration of Its own people. raniele.g under reir3. Who was Col. Feekovsky? 46 years of broken promises. He doubtless often wondered how long Tenzushchev could distract the attention of his TOP STRATA OF SOCIETY -promises with saber-rattling and . citizens from these broken ireelegence denunciations of alleged capitalist encirclement of the. 'First, he was a senior eSceizt• USSR._ But finally Nosenko and a growing segment of Soviet officer. To any present or former Se tit citieans. :his simple society carne to realize the simple fact that the Soviet sys-. statement of fact conveys a world of Ir.:arm:Ion aecet the tem simply does not work. It cannot even. feed. its own statue in Soviet society of Co!. Pereinisey. It places him un- citizens! us' mistakably among. the chosen few neer the top of zee pyra- Thus. inwelcomlng Yuri I. Nosenko to our shores, let mid. Second, he was the sorein-law of a prominent ?.evict think of him as a. window in the false front, a hole in the general. who had been a member of '.:hz elosecee elintaeY facade, which will permit us a view of the reality behind e' -Council during World War II and weonis was reerriree a rneneecr put oftd the wall of Soviet propaganda. The reality which he. as a. the Supreme Soviet of the rssa.. member of the Soviet elite, can reveal to us,• - is never seen him higher up the pyramid, into coreect •rite ehe amen, and seldom appreciated by Westerners. =Wig class of the Soviet Union. :neatly, he was tire cnne family heeled and protege of the' Soviet =meal In char;e - THE RED APPARATUS. of tactical rockets for the entire Soviet army. Thus, by Virtue of his profession, his marriage, sod his friendshion Our Kreralinoloeists might also learn from Nosenko he was confer, tried and recorfuened as a member of the that the Soviet phenomenon cannot be intelligently studiedthe privileged elite which occupies the top .strata of Soviet or understood without a thorough understandir.g 'nf Society. Soviet security and espionage apparatus For.it is this puni- Yuri Noseneo. too, unquestionably belonged to the tive apparatus which makes up an inordinate portion of highest levels. the "creme de la creme," cf Soviet. society. Soviet °Meal bureaucracy and is directly and solely re- Ho was a respected member of the sareneeenet paineve sponsible for the continued existence of the Communist sys- orzan—the KGB—which even polices the Soviet rennig tem In Russia. It is this punitive-espionage and subversive Class. apparatus, which is most directly charged will) the imple- Now, ironically, the Soviet s.ystere, which ter years ha; -ushetiev's foreign policy abroad. , conscience, religion and mentation of lOu labored to obliterate Individ gouty of a super In this regard I would be derelict if I did not note that morality, is suddenly haunted by the specter in the more than eff countries outside the Communist bloc. ruling class revolted by its own excesses. where the USSR has official diplomatic =presentation. more- - Ir is vital to our national security and possibly even to than 64 per cent of the alleged "diplomats" are actually our national survival that we leave tae welcome mat out for Soviet intelligence officers. In addition to these staff in- . future defectors. There should never be any question as tp teillgence officers, another 25 per cent of the officially ac- their motives or value to the Feee World. -Le not always go credited Soviet diplomats are "co-opted7 or forced to col- I exPect that Nosenkoe transition v. . laborite in the conduct of espionage or subversion opera- smoothly nor will it be complete—as no transition can be. tions. This leaves a very small percentage of those While adjusting to this new and untelievably free society, f accredited woo actually' are bona-fide diplOmats. ' Noser.ko can be comforted by the fact that heUSSR, is no: toIlene. re- In fact even I was surprised to learn recently that I can There have been over 150 defectors from the recoznIze and identify at feast 20 Soviet ambassadors now cent years. I personally know many other defecte.es-made from the the Soviet security services who, like me, have serving outside the USSee. as former colleagues- of the who, Soviet when in- I productive lives as transition and are living happy and knew them, were experienced staffambassadors officers now serve in • • telligence service. Five such- ' American citizens., Latin America. Theyee.rc Beneerov in Mexico, Forein in

MAR 1 1964 • PETER DERMBIN, defector, speaking.- The author of this exclusive article was a major in Vienna for Soviet Slate Security (KGB) when he defected to the West - in February of 1954. Now, 10 years later,' :Deriabin writes about the changes that have taken place en his life, about the things he left behind and the things. .that took their place. He lives somewhere in the United: ;Stars, is a writer and scholar of political science, and! :has attended itmerican universities. The picture at fright shows him in profile, his face kiddenin'shadows.: ;Of course, it is still a shadowy life he leads, but the, ;editor who discussed this article with him described Deriabin is "very well adjusted.". Oddly, Deriabin, held almost the same job in Vienna that Yuri Nosenko. .::he recently defected Soviet officer, held in Geneva. 'Both were tncharge of surveillance for large. Soviet • • Linio;Ons.•-•• ■••••..■■■•■■■......

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MAR 1 1984