DOCSLIB.ORG

Intelligence Gathering in Postwar Austria P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intelligence Gathering in Postwar Austria P MASTERARBEIT / MASTER´S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master´s Thesis US-led stay behind networks in Austria A tale from the Cold War: shady deals, dubious loyalties, and underground arms caches. verfasst von / submitted by Lorenzo Cottica, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master (MA) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 805 degree program code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Masterstudium Globalgeschichte degree program as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Uni.-Prof. Mag. DDr. Oliver Rathkolb “A pensar male degli altri si fa peccato, ma spesso ci si indovina.1” (Thinking ill of others is a sin, but it often turns out good guesses.) 1 One of the most famous aphorisms credited to Giulio Andreotti, [undated], cited from ilsole24ore.com. Link. II Acknowledgments First and foremost, I want to express my sincere gratitude to the supervisor of this project, Prof. Oliver Rathkolb who, aside from assisting me throughout the research process, also granted me access to his private archive of copied source-material. Almost a third of all primary sources on which this thesis is founded upon, were thereby sponsored by prof. Rathkolb. I likewise want to thank General Horst Pleiner, for granting me the possibility to conduct and record an interesting interview of over an hour, thereby enriching the research with his expert perspective. III Abstract After dealing with a handful of editorial notes in chapter one, in chapter two, the thesis moves on to a description of the technical and methodological elements of the research itself, such as the terminology used, a critique of the main sources and an overview of the current state of research in this particular field. The third chapter constitutes a summary of the context and the establishment, development, and uproar caused by the revelation of the Italian Gladio network in the early Nineties. In chapter four, the narrative shifts to Austria in early 1996, when the vast majority of the CIA's underground arms and explosives caches came to light, as well as the relevant statements which were made at the time. Chapters five, six and seven constitute the core of this research. Chapter five provides a thick description of the rather complex context in which the Austrian stay behind networks were established, by referencing some of the massive scholarly literature, the narrative splits it into four interconnected layers: geostrategic, political, socioeconomic, and intelligence-related. Chapter six deals with the late Forties and two primary examples of networks led by former Nazis which allegedly had the potential to develop into fully-fledged paramilitary units. Chapter seven presents the evaluated sources on the CIA-led units of the Fifties: besides the Escape and Evasion (henceforth E&E) line and the dedicated radio transmissions unit ICEBERG, these also included both of the paramilitary stay behind units, code-named GRLAUNCH and GRDAGGER. The eighth chapter focuses on the interconnection which has been docu- mented between South Tirol's rich history of terrorism on the one hand, and multiple elements of both the Austrian and Italian stay behind networks on the other. Finally, the ninth chapter presents a summary of the conclusions reached, thereby providing an overview of both the results yielded by this research and the questions that remain unanswered. IV Deutsche Zusammenfassung (German abstract) Nach einigen Anmerkungen zum Aufbau der Arbeit in Kapitel Eins enthält Kapitel Zwei Material und Methoden der Untersuchung, die verwendete Terminologie, Quellenkritik, sowie eine Besprechung des For- schungstandes. In Kapitel Drei erfolgt ein Überblick über Entstehung und Entwicklung des italienischen Gladio Netzwerkes, sowie den politischen Aufruhr, der durch dessen Aufdeckung in den frühen neunziger Jahren verursacht wurde. Das vierte Kapitel befasst sich mit den 1996 geborgenen Sprengstoff- und Waffendepots, deren geographische Aufteilung (Positionierung) und deren Funktionstüchtigkeit (Konservierungszustand), sowie mit einigen relevanten Kommentaren, die zum damaligen Zeitpunkt abgegeben wurden. In Kapitel Fünf erfolgt ein Umriss des komplexen Kontexts der Entstehung des österreichischen Stay Behind Netzwerkes und, unter Bezugnahme auf wesentliche wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen wird der Bogen über vier miteinander vernetzte Ebenen, die geostrategische, politische, sozioökonomische und geheimdienstliche, gespannt. Kapitel Sechs behandelt die späten vierziger Jahre und jene zwei Netzwerke, die von früheren Nazis geführten worden sind, sowie deren mutmaßliches Potenzial zur Entwicklung voll ausgebildeter Stay Behind Einheiten. Anhand der ausgewerteten Quellen werden in Kapitel Sieben die von der CIA ab den fünfziger Jahren geführten Netz- werke vorgestellt: neben der Escape & Evasion line und der Fernmeldetruppe ICEBERG gehörten auch die paramilitärischen Netzwerke GRDAGGER und GRLAUNCH dazu. Kapitel Acht behandelt die dokumentierten Querverbindungen zwischen der terroristischen Geschichte Südtirols und einiger Elemente der Österreichischen sowie der Italienischen Stay Behind Netzwerke. Abschliessend werden in Kapitel Neun eine Zusammenfassung der Schlussfolgerungen präsentiert und dadurch in einem Überblick die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung aber auch die noch offenen Fragestellungen aufgezeigt. V List of acronyms AbwA Abwehramt (Austrian intelligence agency, since 1981) ACC Allied Clandestine/Coordination Committee Adm. Admiral AFL American Federation of Labor API Associazione Protezione Italiani (Italian terrorist group) ARB Austrian Rear Base (CIA) art. Article AS Austrian Schilling BAS Befreiungs-Ausschuss Südtirol (South Tyrolean Liberation Committee) BND Bundesnachrichtendienst (German federal intelligence agency) BRD Bundesrepublik Deutschland (West-Germany) CAG Centro Addestramento Guastatori (Gladio's base of Capo Maragiù) CESIS Comitato Esecutivo per i Servizi d'Informazione e di Sicurezza (Italian intelligence coordination coommittee) CGIL Confederazione Generale Italiana dei Lavoratori (major Italian labor union) CIC Counterintelligence Corps CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations CLN Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale (provisional Italian liberation committee during WWII) Col. Colonel COMINFORM Communist Information Bureau CPC Clandestine Planning Committee (until 1958) Coordination and Planning Committee (since 1958) DC Democrazia Cristiana (major Italian right-of-center party) DGER Direction Générale d'Études et des Recheres (French intelligence agency) Doc. Document E&E Escape & Evasion ECA Economic Cooperation Administration ed. Editor(s) / Edited by ed. r. Editorial remark EEC European Economic Community ERP European Recovery Program et al. Et alii etc. Et cetera EUCOM US Army European Command FIAT Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino FOIA Freedom Of Information Act FPÖ Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (major Austrian right-wing party, since 1955) GBH Gewerkschaft der Bau- und Holzarbeiter (Austrian construction and wood workers' union) GdF Guardia di Finanza (Italian fiscal police) Gen. General GNw Gruppe Nachrichtenwesen (Austrian military intelligence agency, since 1954) GOS Gruppo Operativo Speciale (Gladio asset) HnaA Heeres-Nachrichtenamt (Austrian intelligence agency, since 1981) HQ Headquarters ibid. Ibidem IPICR Italian Parliamentary Investigation Commission's Report ISB Information Services Branch JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff JSPC Joint Strategic Plans Committee KGB Комитеет госудаерственной безопаесности (Committee for State Security, USSR) VI KPÖ Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (Austrian communist party) Lt. Col. Lieutenant Colonel MI6 Military Intelligence, Section 6 MIA Movimento Italiani Alto Adige (Italian terrorist group) MOB Munich Operations Base (CIA) MP(s) Member(s) of Parliament MSI Movimento Sociale Italiano (Italian right-wing party) MVD Министерство внутренних дел (Ministry of Internal Affairs, USSR) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization n. Number NSC National Security Council ÖBH Österreichisches Bundesheer (Austrian armed forces) ÖGB Österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund (Austrian trade union federation) ÖMV Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung (major Austrian oil corporation) OPC Office of Policy Coordination ORG Organization Gehlen OSS Office of Strategic Services ÖVP Österreichischer Volkspartei (major Austrian right-of-center party) ÖWSGV Österreichischer Wander-, Sport- und Gelleigkeitsverein (one of Franz Olah's cover organizations) p. Page PCI Partito Comunista Italiano (Italian communist party) POEN Provvisorischen Österreichischen Nationalkomitee (provisional Austrian liberation committee during WWII) PSI Partito Socialista Italiano (Italian socialist party) RAI Radiotelevisione Italiana S.p.A. (Italian public broadcasting corporation) SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander Europe SAD Sezione Studi ed Addestramento (subdivision of SIFAR, SID, and SISMI) SAS Special Air Service (British special forces) SHAPE Supreme Headqaurters Allied Powers Europe (NATO) SID Servizio Informazioni Difesa (Italian military intelligence 1966-77) SIFAR Servizio Informazioni Forze Armate (Italian military intelligence 1949-66) SISDE Servizio Informazioni per la Sicurezza Democratica (Italian civilian intelligence 1977-07) SISMI Servizio Informazioni per la Sicurezza Militare (Italian military intelligence 1977-07) SOB Salzburg Operations Base (CIA)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Toni Anastasovski Тони Анастасовски А/ Cvetan Dimov 31-2/18 1000 Skopje, Macedonia [email protected] О/Е Средње Образовање/ High School
    Toni Anastasovski Тони Анастасовски А/ Cvetan Dimov 31-2/18 1000 Skopje, Macedonia [email protected] О/Е Средње образовање/ High school H/P I, III Награда за научну фантастику, Центар “Визија “ Македонија/ I, III Prize for science fiction, “Vision” Center Macedonia 1 илустрацијa/ 1 illustration Фантастична створења/ Fantastic Beings- Sketchbook Туш/ Ink У припреми/ In preparation Monolit, 2009 Ivan Antolčić Иван Антолчић A/ Štefanićeva 5, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia О/Е Школа примењене уметности Загреб/ The School of Applied Arts Zagreb Н/Р Grigor Vitez, Ivana Brlić Mažuranić, Zlatno pero Beograda/ The Golden Pen of Belgrade 2 илустрације/ 2 illustrations Josip Palada Велики пријатељи/Big Friends акварел/ watercolour А.G.Matoš, Samobor, Croatia Nasim Azadi Насим Азади A/ No. 2-4, Nouri Alley, Jomhouri Eslami Av. between Golshan St. and Bastan St., Tehran 13186 45163, Iran [email protected] O/E Магистар индустријског дизајна / MA in Industrial Design 3 илустрације/ 3 illustrations Farideh Khalatbaare Сенке таме/ The Shadows of Darkness Комбинована/Mixed Shabaviz Publishing Company, 2009 Hasan Amekan Хасан Амекан A/ Kanoon – Mejab st. Fatemi ave. Tehran 14156, Iran [email protected] Н/П Добитник Нома конк. Јапан 2004, 6, Јужна Кореја конк.2001,2, Индија-конкурс за дечју књигу 2005, Италија, 2006/ winner of Noma concours 2004, 2006, ~of south Korea the international illustration graphic , 2001, ~2002, ~of India International illustration children book-chitrakala awards ,2005 ~ of Italy international illustration for children book 2006 2 илустрације /2 illustrations Тајна монотеизма /The Secret of Monotheism Објављено/ Published Hamid Reza Akram Хамид Реза Акрам А/ No. 2-4, Nouri Alley, Jomhouri Eslami Av.
    [Show full text]
  • Interrogato Daj Giudici L'ex Capo Del SID Grave Offensiva Contro L
    r Unità 7 venerdì 8 novembre 1974 PÀG. 5 / cronache u » t Otto nuovi provvedimenti firmati dal giudici che Indagano sul tentativo di Borghese Nuovi mandati di cattura per il golpe Tra gli arrestati esponenti del MSI Cinque sono finiti in carcere, tre sono riusciti a fuggire - Tra questi il consigliere regionale missino della Valle d'Aosta, Parisi - Manette a Zanelli dirigente provinciale alla Spezia del partito neofascista - Spiccati una ventina di avvisi di reato e oltre cinquanta comunicazioni giudiziarie Altri otto mandati di cattura, di cui cinque eseguiti Ieri mattina, una ventina di avvisi di reato e 50 comunicazioni giudiziarie sono il bilancio della nuova e tornata » di Indagini della magistratura romana sul golpe Borghese del dicembre 1970. Il • giudice istruttore Filippo Fiore, su richiesta del PM Claudio Vltalone, ha fatto arrestare dagli agenti del Processo al commando nero di Varese nucleo di polizia giudiziaria Benito Guadagni, romano, che fu uno dei più stretti collabo­ VARESE, 7 vanni, di 21 anni, esponente delle SAM, un ratori di Borghese, costruttore edile; Tommaso Adami Rock, fiorentino, ingegnere, già se- • Con la concessione di meno di ventlquat- • « sambabillno », colpito da mandato di cat­ ; ; . gretario provinciale e candi­ . tr'ore di tempo a favore della difesa, si è tura del giudice istruttore di Rieti «per in­ dato al consiglio comunale conclusa stamane, in poco più di un'ora e surrezione armata contro lo Stato, attentato per il MSI; Adriano Mon­ ' mezza, la prima udienza del procedimento alla Costituzione, associazione sovversiva e ti medico di Rieti, Giuseppe < per direttissima nel confronti del quattro Zanelli di La Spezia, dirigen­ • neofascisti arrestati a Varese il 27 ottobre ricostituzione del dlsclolto partito fascista ».
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary Italy: Literature, Cinema, Politics and Culture SRISA Course Number: POLI 3102 Maryville Course Number: PSCI 370 Credits: 3, Contact Hours: 45
    Lecture Course Santa Reparata International School of Art Course Syllabus Semester Course Course Title: History of Contemporary Italy: Literature, Cinema, Politics and Culture SRISA Course Number: POLI 3102 Maryville Course Number: PSCI 370 Credits: 3, Contact Hours: 45 1. COURSE DESCRIPTION In this course students will study the history of Contemporary Italy from WWII (the 1940’s and the birth of the Italian Republic) and continue on through to the development and the radical change of the country during the 1960’s, the long Anni Settanta and the so called “years of lead”, contemporary Italian politics up through most recent historical events. Introduction to major literary, cinematographic and artistic movements are covered as well as social aspects of Italian life including topics such as the Italian political system; the development of the Italian educational system; the roots and influence of the Italian Mafia; and the changing role of women in Italian society. 2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION This course introduces students to the history and politics of contemporary Italy from the time of WWII to the present. The course is divided into five parts, with the first part focusing on the transformation of the country and its eventual industrialization. We will study the reconstruction and economic boom of the 1950s and 1960s, social post-war conflict, and the year 1968 - with the student and worker protests - and the final changing of Italian social geography. Great importance will be given to internal migration, from south to north and to the development of the Mafia. The second part of the course focuses on the history of the 1970s, later called the “Years of Lead”, because of terrorist escalation culminating with the assassination of MP Aldo Moro in May 1978 by the Red Brigades.
    [Show full text]
  • Minutes of the January 25, 2010, Meeting of the Board of Regents
    MINUTES OF THE JANUARY 25, 2010, MEETING OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS ATTENDANCE This scheduled meeting of the Board of Regents was held on Monday, January 25, 2010, in the Regents’ Room of the Smithsonian Institution Castle. The meeting included morning, afternoon, and executive sessions. Board Chair Patricia Q. Stonesifer called the meeting to order at 8:31 a.m. Also present were: The Chief Justice 1 Sam Johnson 4 John W. McCarter Jr. Christopher J. Dodd Shirley Ann Jackson David M. Rubenstein France Córdova 2 Robert P. Kogod Roger W. Sant Phillip Frost 3 Doris Matsui Alan G. Spoon 1 Paul Neely, Smithsonian National Board Chair David Silfen, Regents’ Investment Committee Chair 2 Vice President Joseph R. Biden, Senators Thad Cochran and Patrick J. Leahy, and Representative Xavier Becerra were unable to attend the meeting. Also present were: G. Wayne Clough, Secretary John Yahner, Speechwriter to the Secretary Patricia L. Bartlett, Chief of Staff to the Jeffrey P. Minear, Counselor to the Chief Justice Secretary T.A. Hawks, Assistant to Senator Cochran Amy Chen, Chief Investment Officer Colin McGinnis, Assistant to Senator Dodd Virginia B. Clark, Director of External Affairs Kevin McDonald, Assistant to Senator Leahy Barbara Feininger, Senior Writer‐Editor for the Melody Gonzales, Assistant to Congressman Office of the Regents Becerra Grace L. Jaeger, Program Officer for the Office David Heil, Assistant to Congressman Johnson of the Regents Julie Eddy, Assistant to Congresswoman Matsui Richard Kurin, Under Secretary for History, Francisco Dallmeier, Head of the National Art, and Culture Zoological Park’s Center for Conservation John K.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Podge of Half-Anonymous Nationalities and Clumsily Struggling Against the Fresh, Ambitious, and Apparently Victorious Idea of Nationalism
    IN TRODUCTION ustria-Hungary ceased to exist almost a hundred years ago. The A oldest generation of Central Europeans can remember it from their parents’ and grandparents’ stories. The majority of them learned about it in high school and associates the monarchy with its few roy- als, particularly the late Franz Joseph and his eccentric wife Elisabeth. Those figures, already famous during their lifetime, entered the realm of popular culture and remain recognizable in most countries of Eu- rope, providing a stable income for the souvenir industry in what used to be their empire and inspiration for screenwriters on both sides of the Atlantic. Naturally, the situation varies from country to country as far as history textbooks and historical monuments are concerned. Thus, Austrians and Hungarians are generally more familiar with the monarchy than are the Germans or Poles, not to mention the British and French, whereas Serbs, Italians, Czechs, and Romanians tend to be highly suspicious of it. The old monarchy also built quite well, so modern travelers who wish to see what is left of the Habsburg em- pire do not need to limit their curiosity to imperial residences, nor to the opera houses in cities such as Prague, Lviv, and Zagreb. In most cities of former Austria-Hungary, visitors can get acquainted with Habsburg architecture at the railway station. In this respect Vienna, heavily bombed by the Anglo-American air forces and the Soviet artil- lery during World War II, is merely a sad exception. Other traces of the 1 imperial past can still be discovered in many private apartments, an- tique shops, and retro-style cafés, in cemeteries, and old photographs.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Intelligence As National Security Issue
    Economic Intelligence as National Security Issue A Brief Study Lorenzo Bonucci Introduction The fall of Berlin Wall marks the end of the Cold War system. That system, where the world was divided in two “blocks”. The USA and the USSR was the major powerful nations, and they fought for pursue, most of all, the military, technologic and economic supremacy. With the end of this contrast, it ends also the “scenario characterized by elegants simplicity” as emeritus president Francesco Cossiga said. Today everything changes, war, or better, conflicts, fights in more fronts: the financial-economic is acquiring great importance, because the actors, that attacks, are not just States; there are sovereign wealth funds, multinationals, NGOs, banks and corporations. The effects of attacks is amplified if combined with the manipulation of information, made possible by the globalization.1 In this new world order, where Intelligence has a fundamental role (as it used to have in the old order). Alongside the traditional Intelligence discipline, is developping another one: the Economic Intelligence. In the contemporary version, the economic Intelligence has attention on business intelligence or environmental scanning or competitive intelligence. Briefly, it is the theory of 1 Cfr. Giuseppe Griscioli, “Competizione Economico-finanziaria, ruolo dell’Intelligence e Sicurezza Nazionale”. Aracne Editrice, 2013. p. 10 1 strategic choices for achieve competitive advantages over competitors.2 In fact, a lot of States have created some institutions for strategical research in financial and economic field. First of all, France. In France has been founded a School of Economic Warfare (Ecole de Guerre Economique) with teachings that are based on strategical military logicals.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources for Genealogical Research at the Austrian War Archives in Vienna (Kriegsarchiv Wien)
    SOURCES FOR GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH AT THE AUSTRIAN WAR ARCHIVES IN VIENNA (KRIEGSARCHIV WIEN) by Christoph Tepperberg Director of the Kriegsarchiv 1 Table of contents 1. The Vienna War Archives and its relevance for genealogical research 1.1. A short history of the War Archives 1.2. Conditions for doing genealogical research at the Kriegsarchiv 2. Sources for genealogical research at the Kriegsarchiv 2. 1. Documents of the military administration and commands 2. 2. Personnel records, and records pertaining to personnel 2.2.1. Sources for research on military personnel of all ranks 2.2.2. Sources for research on commissioned officers and military officials 3. Using the Archives 3.1. Regulations for using personnel records 3.2. Visiting the Archives 3.3. Written inquiries 3.4. Professional researchers 4. Relevant publications 5. Sources for genealogical research in other archives and institutions 5.1. Sources for genealogical research in other departments of the Austrian State Archives 5.2. Sources for genealogical research in other Austrian archives 5.3. Sources for genealogical research in archives outside of Austria 5.3.1. The provinces of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and its “successor states” 5.3.2. Sources for genealogical research in the “successor states” 5.4. Additional points of contact and practical hints for genealogical research 2 1. The Vienna War Archives and its relevance for genealogical research 1.1. A short history of the War Archives Today’s Austrian Republic is a small country, but from 1526 to 1918 Austria was a great power, we can say: the United States of Middle and Southeastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hydrographic Approach to the Alps
    • • 330 A HYDROGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE ALPS A HYDROGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE ALPS • • • PART III BY E. CODDINGTON SUB-SYSTEMS OF (ADRIATIC .W. NORTH SEA] BASIC SYSTEM ' • HIS is the only Basic System whose watershed does not penetrate beyond the Alps, so it is immaterial whether it be traced·from W. to E. as [Adriatic .w. North Sea], or from E. toW. as [North Sea . w. Adriatic]. The Basic Watershed, which also answers to the title [Po ~ w. Rhine], is short arid for purposes of practical convenience scarcely requires subdivision, but the distinction between the Aar basin (actually Reuss, and Limmat) and that of the Rhine itself, is of too great significance to be overlooked, to say nothing of the magnitude and importance of the Major Branch System involved. This gives two Basic Sections of very unequal dimensions, but the ., Alps being of natural origin cannot be expected to fall into more or less equal com­ partments. Two rather less unbalanced sections could be obtained by differentiating Ticino.- and Adda-drainage on the Po-side, but this would exhibit both hydrographic and Alpine inferiority. (1) BASIC SECTION SYSTEM (Po .W. AAR]. This System happens to be synonymous with (Po .w. Reuss] and with [Ticino .w. Reuss]. · The Watershed From .Wyttenwasserstock (E) the Basic Watershed runs generally E.N.E. to the Hiihnerstock, Passo Cavanna, Pizzo Luceridro, St. Gotthard Pass, and Pizzo Centrale; thence S.E. to the Giubing and Unteralp Pass, and finally E.N.E., to end in the otherwise not very notable Piz Alv .1 Offshoot in the Po ( Ticino) basin A spur runs W.S.W.
    [Show full text]
  • 0714685003.Pdf
    CONTENTS Foreword xi Acknowledgements xiv Acronyms xviii Introduction 1 1 A terrorist attack in Italy 3 2 A scandal shocks Western Europe 15 3 The silence of NATO, CIA and MI6 25 4 The secret war in Great Britain 38 5 The secret war in the United States 51 6 The secret war in Italy 63 7 The secret war in France 84 8 The secret war in Spain 103 9 The secret war in Portugal 114 10 The secret war in Belgium 125 11 The secret war in the Netherlands 148 12 The secret war in Luxemburg 165 ix 13 The secret war in Denmark 168 14 The secret war in Norway 176 15 The secret war in Germany 189 16 The secret war in Greece 212 17 The secret war in Turkey 224 Conclusion 245 Chronology 250 Notes 259 Select bibliography 301 Index 303 x FOREWORD At the height of the Cold War there was effectively a front line in Europe. Winston Churchill once called it the Iron Curtain and said it ran from Szczecin on the Baltic Sea to Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. Both sides deployed military power along this line in the expectation of a major combat. The Western European powers created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) precisely to fight that expected war but the strength they could marshal remained limited. The Soviet Union, and after the mid-1950s the Soviet Bloc, consistently had greater numbers of troops, tanks, planes, guns, and other equipment. This is not the place to pull apart analyses of the military balance, to dissect issues of quantitative versus qualitative, or rigid versus flexible tactics.
    [Show full text]
  • Roger Dunsmore Came to the University of Montana in 1963 As a Freshman Composition Instructor in the English Department
    January 30 Introduction to the Series Roger Dunsmore Bio: Roger Dunsmore came to the University of Montana in 1963 as a freshman composition instructor in the English Department. In 1964 he also began to teach half- time in the Humanities Program. He taught his first course in American Indian Literature, Indian Autobiographies, in 1969. In 1971 he was an originating member of the faculty group that formed the Round River Experiment in Environmental Education (1971- 74) and has taught in UM’s Wilderness and Civilization Program since 1976. He received his MFA in Creative Writing (poetry) in 1971 and his first volume of poetry.On The Road To Sleeping ChildHotsprings was published that same year. (Revised edition, 1977.) Lazslo Toth, a documentary poem on the smashing of Michelangelo’s Pieta was published in 1979. His second full length volume of poems,Bloodhouse, 1987, was selected by the Yellowstone Art Center, Billings, MX for their Regional Writer’s Project.. The title poem of his chapbook.The Sharp-Shinned Hawk, 1987, was nominated by the Koyukon writer, Mary TallMountain for a Pushcat Prize. He retired from full-time teaching after twenty-five years, in 1988, but continues at UM under a one- third time retiree option. During the 1988-89 academic year he was Humanities Scholar in Residence for the Arizona Humanities Council, training teachers at a large Indian high school on the Navajo Reservation. A chapbook of his reading at the International Wildlife Film Festival, The Bear Remembers, was published in 1990. Spring semester, 1991, (and again in the fall semester, 1997) he taught modern American Literature as UM’s Exchange Fellow with Shanghai International Studies University in mainland China.
    [Show full text]
  • Associate Professor, Department of History
    Matthew Paul Berg Professor, Department of History John Carroll University 1 John Carroll Boulevard University Heights, Ohio 44118 Office 216.397.4763 Fax: 216.397.4175 E-mail: [email protected] Education Ph.D. University of Chicago 1993 M.A. University of Chicago 1985 B.A. University of California, Los Angeles 1984 Additional Training January 2009. Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies Hess Seminar, “The Holocaust and other Genocides,” USHMM, Washington DC. 2002-2003. Participant, Association of American Colleges & Universities Workshop “The Liberal Education and Global Citizenship: The Arts of Democracy.” June 2002. United Nations International Conflict Research Seminar “Dealing with the Past.” University of Ulster/Magee Campus, Derry, Northern Ireland. January 2002. Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies Hess Seminar “The Concentration Camp System,” USHMM, Washington DC. July 2002. “Summer Academy on the OSCE.” Austrian Study Center for Peace and Conflict Resolution Schlaining, Austria. June 2000. “Foundation Course, International Civilian Peace-Keeping and Peace-Building.” Austrian Study Center for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Schlaining, Austria. Teaching Experience 2008 – Professor of History, John Carroll University 2000 – 2008 Associate Professor, Department of History, John Carroll University 1994 – 2000 Assistant Professor, Department of History, John Carroll University 1993 – 1994 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of Toledo 1991 – 1993 Lecturer, Social Sciences Collegiate Division and Department of History, University of Chicago Berg, CurriculumVitae, 1 Matthew Paul Berg Courses Taught •First Year Seminar. •Introduction to Human Rights. •World Civilizations to 1600 / World Civilizations since 1600. •20th Century Global History. •World War One and Modernity. •The Cold War. •Justice & Democracy in a Global Context. •History as Art & Science (departmental methods course).
    [Show full text]
  • Der Weg Zum Anschluss. Burgenlandschicksal 1928 – 1938
    INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort Kulturlandesrat Helmut Bieler . 4 Einleitung . 5 Pia Bayer Burgenländische Landespolitik 1928–1933. 6 Pia Bayer, Dieter Szorger Das Burgenland im Ständestaat 1933–1938 ■ Die politische Entwicklung . 16 ■ Der 12. Februar 1934 . 23 ■ Die Organisationsstruktur der Vaterländischen Front . 31 ■ Die Arbeiterbewegung im Untergrund. 35 Der Beginn der politischen Verfolgung Der Aufbau der Untergrundorganisation der Revolutionären Sozialisten und Kommunisten Die Volksfront gegen Hitler ■ Die Entwicklung der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) . 43 Pia Bayer, Dieter Szorger Die Machtergreifung der Nationalsozialisten ■ Die Anatomie der Machtergreifung . 54 ■ Der Beginn der Verfolgungsmaßnahmen. 66 Die erste Verhaftungswelle Das NS-Terrorsystem Die NSDAP Die Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo) Die Sicherheitsdienst-Außenstelle (SD) Eisenstadt Die Kriminalpolizei (Kripo) Die Opfer der politischen Verfolgung Die Verfolgung der jüdischen Burgenländer Die Verfolgung der burgenländischen Roma ■ Die Volksabstimmung vom 10. April 1938 . 85 ■ Die Auflösung des Burgenlandes . 95 Dieter Szorger Biografien führender burgenländischer Nationalsozialisten . 97 Zeittafel 1928–1938. 104 Literaturverzeichnis. 110 Danksagung . 113 VORWORT Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren! er kennt sie nicht, jene Propa- genstaatlichkeit hinnehmen. Das Burgen- gandafilme aus den 30er Jah- land verlor seine Selbstständigkeit, wurde Wren des vorigen Jahrhunderts? aufgeteilt und verschwand von der Land- Zu sehen ist meist ein kleiner Diktator auf
    [Show full text]