January 2018

Home , Bombyliidae

FATHER’S DAY FOSSIL FIND HIGHWAY SALVAGE PALEONTOLOGY PG 9 JANUARY 2018 | MUSEUM.UNL.EDU MORRILL FRIENDS OF THE MUSEUM UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA BOARD OF DIRECTORS STATE MUSEUM PERSONNEL HALL Rod Bates, President John Janovy, Vice President Director: Dr. Susan Weller CALENDAR ASHFALL CHAPTER Associate Director: Mark Harris Eileen Cunningham, Treasurer Deb Hansen, President Georgianne Mastera, Secretary AT A GLANCE Bruce Curtiss, Vice President Chief Communications Officer: Mandy Haase-Thomas Art Zygielbaum, Past President Robin Huebner, Secretary Kelli Bacon Mark Brogie, ACCOUNTING AND COLLECTIONS SUPPORT Mark Boehmer January 4 Treasurer & Past President Accounting Technician: Jaime Long Gene Crump Barbara Gutshall Research Collections Staff Secretary: Gail Littrell Pop-In Storytime Gerry Dimon Don Henery Duane Eversoll Ruan Pohlman COLLECTIONS 6:30 - 7:00 p.m. Brad Harse Lynn Sobotka Anthropology: Alan Osborn, Volunteer Curator Ed Schmidt Jim Symonds NAGPRA Coordinator: Priscilla Grew, Director Emerita Diann Sorensen Dorothy VanBrocklin Volunteer Collections Assistant: Robb Nelson & January 13 Mark Sorensen Patricia Patton Investigate: Second Larry Wood Sue Wood Bessey Herbarium: Robert Kaul, Curator Emeritus Saturday Science Lab Botany Collection Manager: Thomas Labedz 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. CONTACT INFORMATION Botany Collections Assistant: Linda Rader Director’s Office (402) 472-0577 Entomology: Brett Ratcliffe, Curator Collection Manager: M.J. Paulsen January 21 Museum Information Line (402) 472-2642 School Program Reservations (402) 472-6302 Geology: R.M. (Matt) Joeckel, Volunteer Curator Sunday with a Scientist Membership Office (402) 472-3779 12:00 - 4:30 p.m. Mueller Planetarium (402) 472-2641 Informal Science Education: Judy Diamond, Curator Nebraska Hall Office (402) 472-2643 Ashfall Fossil Beds (402) 893-2000 Invertebrate Paleontology: January 23 Trailside Museum (308) 665-2929 Robert Diffendal, Curator Emeritus Peter Wagner, Volunteer Curator Science Cafe Manter Lab of Parasitology: Scott Gardner, Curator 6:30 - 8:00 p.m. www.museum.unl.edu Collection Manager: Gabor Racz Curator Emeriti: Mary Lou Pritchard, John Janovy

February Vertebrate Paleontology: Ross Secord, Curator Collection Manager: R. George Corner Free Thursday Evenings Chief Preparator: Carrie Herbel February 1, 8, 15, 22 Preparator: Robert Skolnick 4:30 - 8:00 p.m. Curator Emeriti: Robert Hunt, Jr., Michael Voorhies MORRILL HALL Highway Salvage Paleontologist: Shane Tucker Hwy Paleontology Preparator: Jeremy McMullin South of 14th and Vine Streets (402) 472-2642 February 1 University of Nebraska Zoology: Robert Zink, Curator Lincoln, Nebraska Collection Manager: Thomas Labedz Pop-In Storytime Curator Emeriti: Patricia Freeman, 6:30 - 7:00 p.m. Open Year-round Hugh Genoways, Director Emeritus Monday-Saturday: 9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. PUBLIC PROGRAMS Thursdays: 9:30 a.m. - 8 p.m. (Open Late!) February 3 Claire M. Hubbard Research Assistant Professor Sundays: 1:30 - 4:30 p.m. of Environmental Curriculum: Dinosaurs & Disasters Closed Easter, Independence Day, Thanksgiving, Alison Pearce Stevens December 24-25, and January 1 9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Planetarium Closed Mondays & Husker home football game Education Coordinator: Kathy French Saturdays Educators: Jennifer Shaughney, Annie Mumgaard, February 10 Cindy Loope, Ann Cusick, Becky Young ASHFALL FOSSIL BEDS Investigate: Second Exhibits Coordinator: Angie Fox Exhibits Staff: Joel Nielsen, West Schomer Saturday Science Lab 86930 517 Avenue (402) 893-2000 Royal, NE 68773 Mueller Planetarium Supervisor: Zach Thompson 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Located seven miles north of Highway 20 between Royal and Orchard, Nebraska. Volunteer Coordinator & Adult Programs: Sarah Feit

February 14 Open Seasonally. VISITOR SERVICES Love Stories in the Stars For schedule, visit ashfall.unl.edu Public Service Associates: Pam Jelinek-Sniff, Cassie Spale Discovery Shop Manager: Samantha Hayek 6:00 - 7:00 p.m. TRAILSIDE MUSEUM ASHFALL FOSSIL BEDS Superintendent: Rick Otto PO Box 462 (308) 665-2929 Museum Associate: Sandy Mosel February 18 Crawford, NE 69339 Sunday with a Scientist Located on Highway 20 at Fort Robinson, Nebraska. TRAILSIDE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Museum Associate: Pattie Norman 12:30 - 4:30 p.m. Open Seasonally. For schedule, visit trailside.unl.edu 2 The Mammoth Message from the Director As 2017 wraps up, I am so pleased to highlight our key contributions to the University of Nebraska (UNL) mission of teaching, research, and community engagement.

Innovation continues to spark curiosity in the natural world among our visitors – be they UNL students or from the greater Nebraska community. We thank our 2017 corporate sponsors who enabled us to bring this innovative programming to you – Morio USA, Eagle Printing, Runza Restaurants, Raising Cane’s, and Greta’s Gourmet. We also thank you, our Members and the Friends of the Museum. Together, through memberships and donations, you make possible exciting exhibits Pull out the hard hat and orange safety cones; construction for the like Guts and Glory: A Parasite Story and Miss Mie fourth floor renovation Cherish Nebraska project is well underway! Friendship Doll.

The Museum is an important resource for professors development for K12 educators. For a second year, who bring classes to Morrill Hall and Nebraska Hall. she organized two workshops, one a statewide teacher Throughout the academic year, the Museum hosts art workshop and a second LPS science teachers workshop drawing, biological sciences, geology and paleontology, on Nebraska’s newest science standards. Thanks to her wildlife, anthropology and astronomy classes in Morrill leadership and partnership with Lincoln Public Schools Hall. During the 2016-17 academic year, we hosted over and the Nebraska education community, teachers are 2600 UNL students. For our wildlife biology students, provided opportunities to learn about and discuss how a class tour of museum research collections connected best to implement, our newest state science standards. them with the scientific specimens – the evidence – for historical and current reconstructions of North American There is much more in this issue of The Mammoth native plants and animals that they read about in class. and 2018 is promising to be another great year. Investigate, a Saturday hands-on science lab program It was a busy year of newsworthy publications and connecting youth with UNL junior scientists, will begin research based upon the Museum’s collections. Science its fourth year of programming in January. Science Café Advances published an article by Bob Zink, Curator of will begin its third year and is heading on the road to Zoology, and Aubrey Garner, School of Natural Sciences, its new venue and day – third Tuesdays at the Happy challenging the scientific dogma that birds still migrated Raven in downtown Lincoln, Nebraska. We will launch during the last glacial maximum, some 21,000 years our newest partnership ‘Read Aloud’ with the Lincoln ago. They concluded from their research that sometimes, Community Foundation and Lincoln City Libraries, in the best wintering strategy is to stay put and not take addition to our regular Pop-In Storytime series. on costly migration. Like Zoology, other collection divisions have been very busy with research projects, Finally, we have made substantive progress on and in this issue we highlight Dr. Brett Ratcliffe and his Cherish Nebraska, our fourth floor renovation project. 18th year of hosting and curating the Scarabaeidae of the The demolition of the fourth floor spaces is completed Smithsonian’s Natural History Museum with collection and the new structures are being installed to house the manager Dr. Matt Paulsen. exciting exhibits and interactive spaces we have planned. Learn more about the project online at museum.unl.edu/ The museum continues to partner to produce fourthfloor. impactful K12 publications, programs and general public exhibits. Curator Judy Diamond and virology I am looking forward to an exciting year ahead. Thank collaborators published the Carnival of Contagion comic you for being part of our journey. book on measles. An exhibit of Contagion is on display at Love Library and it will travel to the University of Nebraska Medical Center for display in January 2018. Dr. Diamond is a recognized national leader in reaching middle school and high school students with serious content through innovative visual and literary media. — Dr. Susan Weller, Director, More locally, she contributes actively to professional University of Nebraska State Museum January 2018 3 Message from the President of the Friends I heard a tour guide in Institution as a Smithsonian Affiliate. The partnership Washington, D. C. builds on the Museum’s long-standing research declare that the collaborations with the Smithsonian National average American Museum of Natural History (one of those long- standing projects you will read about in this issue). visits the nation’s Smithsonian Affiliate organizations are selected for capitol twice in their their record of scholarship, professionalism, high lives. The first visit quality exhibits and effective museum education is usually with a programs. The Smithsonian considers affiliate grandparent or an proposals from institutions whose missions are elementary class. The parallel to the Smithsonian’s and who demonstrate a second trip is when strong commitment to serving their communities. Rod Bates, President they are older and Friends of the they bring their own Serving our community is exactly what our University of Nebraska State Museum grandchildren. Museum does. There is an increase in the use of Morrill and Nebraska Hall by classes and faculty. I was surprised to hear this. I would have guessed It is also valued by Lincoln’s Community Learning that people come back frequently because there Centers, the Lincoln Public Schools and the Lincoln was not enough time on the first trip to see and take Community Foundation just to name a few. advantage of all the historic treasures in Washington. Friends like you have helped raise money to upgrade In 2014 I called every board member of the the Planetarium theater, enhance exhibits and assist Friends of the UNL State Museum of Natural History with bringing new programs to the Museum so we and asked them a series of questions. One of the can continue to be one of the top natural history questions was “What’s the most incredible museum museums in the country. experience you’ve ever had?” Surprisingly, it was similar to what was declared in Washington, D. C.. Thanks for your support of our efforts to provide Most of the members of the board said it was when continuous improvement to this valuable resource. they went to the museum for the first time as a Share your first, second, and most recent museum grandchild or elementary school student. memory with your friends.

Our museums are helping all generations continue to make lasting memories. We are seeing growth in the number of people who are served by each of our branch locations including Ashfall Fossil Beds — Rod Bates, President, State Historical Park, Morrill Hall, and the Trailside Friends of the State Museum Museum of Natural History. Adults should consider attending the Science Café events. You can eat, drink and talk about science. And I encourage families P.S. Show your Smithsonian Affiliate pride by to attend any of the variety of events tailored for adding on a Smithsonian Affiliate Membership to children of all ages. On your next visit, experience your current museum membership, or upgrade your immersive high-tech adventures under the 360 degree membership to a Fossil Funder to receive the Affiliate dome of Mueller Planetarium. benefits for free.

The University of Nebraska State Museum is one of only two members of the 14 schools in the Big 10 conference to be affiliated with the Smithsonian

4 The Mammoth HAPPY BIRTHDAY, MISS MIE 90TH CELEBRATION

October 1st the Museum celebrated the 90th anniversary of its Miss Mie Friendship Doll with a family celebration. The event marked the doll’s homecoming from a summer trip and exhibit in Mie Prefecture Japan.

Miss Mie was gifted to Nebraska during the friendship doll exchange that took place between the United States and Japan in 1927 and was placed in the Museum’s anthropology collection in 1928. The doll stands as an enduring symbol of peace, goodwill, and friendship between the two countries.

The Miss Mie Family Day featured a performance by the Masayo Ishigure Ensemble. The Ensemble performed traditional Japanese music and visitors had the chance to try and play the koto. The koto, a traditional Japanese imperial instrument dating from the 7th century, is one of the most popular Japanese instruments.

The University of Nebraska Lincoln student group Global Friends of Japan wrote messages of peace and friendship using Japanese calligraphy. Local origami artist Linda Stephen demonstrated origami, and visitors had the opportunity to make their own friendship pledge in the Miss Mie exhibit.

Museum members had access to an exhibit preview of the Miss Mie gallery and were able to make several special origami creations prior to the event. The Miss Mie Family Day was a collaboration with the Kawasaki Reading Room, celebrating its 25th anniversary this year. The event was supported by Lincoln based Morio USA, Nebraska State Historical Society, and with support of the Nebraska Arts Council and the Nebraska Cultural Endowment.

— Sarah Feit, Volunteer & Adult Programs Coordinator, University of Nebraska State Museum

January 2018 5 The Claire M. Hubbard Environmental Science Communication Internship gives undergraduate students the opportunity to practice and improve their science communication. During the one-year program, interns spend around 10 hours per week at Morrill Hall learning new skills to better communicate CLASS IS IN SESSION scientific content to the public.

Lindsey Bremer Environmental Studies Interested in education and the environment. She loves being an intern because she gets to be involved with the Museum and help the public learn.

Ally Beard Fisheries & Wildlife Interested in camping, reading, and watching Rebecca Wehling movies. She loves being an Companion Animal Science intern because she gets to be the bridge between guests Interested in animals, choir, and really cool science. and the circus arts club. She She enjoys helping guests loves this position because the find at least one thing in the Museum has many aspects that museum that really interests are important to her and she them. enjoys sharing these ideas with others in way that can get them excited and involved.

6 The Mammoth The Claire M. Hubbard Environmental Science Communication Internship gives undergraduate students the opportunity to practice and improve their science communication. During the one-year program, interns spend around 10 hours per week at Morrill Hall learning new skills to better communicate scientific content to the public.

Abhi Shome Anthropology and Classics & Religious Studies Interested in reading fiction, listening to music, and traveling. He loves his position as an intern because he is able to encourage the development of a visitor’s inquisitiveness and share in the joy found in discovering new things.

Holly White Aidan Graybill Fisheries & Wildlife and Anthropology Andrew Harms Environmental Studies Interested in reading, playing Geology Interested in camping, golf, and spending time with Interested in hunting, reading, and soccer. She family and friends. She loves fishing, and camping. loves being an intern at this position because she He loves being an intern Morrill Hall because it’s enjoys having the ability to because he has the important to her to get engage people of all ages opportunity to become more the public interested and with scientific concepts and knowledgeable in his own engaged in science. helping them learn something field of study and share that new. knowledge with others.

January 2018 7 Measles Education Takes New Format, Comic Book

run by a mysterious comic following previous work and malevolent carnival included the World of Viruses barker. graphic stories, also published by the University of Nebraska Press. “In the tradition of the Carnival of Contagion continues great superhero comics, the cross-discpline collaboration veteran comics writer between the University of and artist Bob Hall—who Nebraska State Museum, the has created iconic stories Nebraska Center for Virology, and for Marvel and DC— the Sociology Department at UNL. now tells the true story of one of the greatest To celebrate the release of the supervillains of all time: new graphic novel, a temporary the measles virus,” exhibit featuring enlarged said Danny Fingeroth, poster prints of each page of longtime Marvel writer the comic, along with materials and editor and author of illustrating how the book was Superman on the Couch: created was on display at the What Superheroes Really University of Nebraska Love Tell Us About Ourselves Library. An official book signing Measles is one of the most and Our Society. “In Carnival of was November 7 in partnership contagious viruses on Earth. Contagion, Hall employs the visual with the University of Nebraska- Using visual storytelling, storytelling skills he’s brought to Lincoln Office of Research and veteran comics writer and characters like The Avengers and Economic Development as part of artist Bob Hall partners with Batman on a powerful tale that is the university’s Research Fair, a University of Nebraska State both entertaining and informative.” biannual celebration of research, Museum and Nebraska research scholarly and creative activity. virologists, science writers and Current research in virology is learning researchers to create changing public conceptions about — Mandy Haase-Thomas, a unique and fascinating story vaccines and infectious disease. Chief Communications Officer, about one of the world’s most Led by principal investigator Dr. University of Nebraska State Museum deadly virus. Judy Diamond, museum curator of informal education, this project Carnival of Contagion is funded by a multi-year grant Purchase a copy of (University of Nebraska Press) from the National Institute of Carnival of Contagion combines fantasy with measles Health’s Science Education at the Disovery Gift Shop inside Partnership (SEPA) program. facts and history in a tale of the Morrill Hall or purchase online at adventures of a group of young Dr. Diamond’s previous work adults as they enter a viral world, led to the development of this go.unl.edu/CarnivalOfContagion

8 The Mammoth January 2018 9 U.S. National Collection of Scarabs at UNSM

The loading dock at the National Museum of Natural History and the ‘Scarabmobile’. Photo courtesy Brett Ratcliffe.

The Department of Entomology of the Smithsonian Institution (SI) National Museum of Natural History initiated an Offsite Collection Enhancement Program (OEP) in 1990 with the initial two OEPs being the Bee Flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) to the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (Honolulu) and the Ticks (Arachnida: Acarina) to Georgia Southern University. Subsequent OEPs were granted to the California Department of Agriculture collection, University of Florida, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Canadian National Collection of Insects, and the State Museum at the University of Nebraska (UNSM).

These each consist of a renewable ten-year loan of a large collection which is bound to a detailed, 19 point Memorandum of Understanding between both parties and signed off institutionally by Museum Directors. The basic idea is that if part of the U.S. National Collection has no Brett Ratcliffe (left) and Andrew Smith transferring scarabs into the rental ongoing resident active research and there exists a center of truck at the Smithsonian Institution. Photo by Karla Villatoro. expertise at another institution, it is most prudent to allow this off-site center (under the direction of an off-site curator) — a win-win situation. The off-site curator then hosts to keep the national collection of a particular group for an visitors to the collection, makes loans from the SI material, agreed-upon amount of time in order to improve/enhance and annually reports such activities to the Chair of the the collection scientifically and physically as well as for Department of Entomology at the Smithsonian Institution. use by the off-site curator, their students, and colleagues Ultimately the collection is returned to the Smithsonian 10 The Mammoth greatly improved and some reciprocal exchange of During the intervening years, we have curated, identified, specimens occurs. databased, and loaned thousands of specimens from the national collection so that the scientific data associated Team Scarab at the University of Nebraska State with the specimens can be readily retrieved and used by a Museum moved all the Smithsonian scarab beetles (minus broad community of scientists. In addition, the collection the dung beetles) to Nebraska in March 1999 for off-site provides a fabulous opportunity to train graduate students in enhancement. We are still caring for this collection today systematics research as well as managing an internationally using it extensively in our own research as well as that important scientific resource. The national collection, of many others via on-site visits and loans of specimens. combined with the large scarab collection already at The national collection included nearly a third of a million UNSM, gives us one of the largest and most comprehensive scarab beetles and was contained in approximately 1,100 collections of scarab beetles in the world. glass-topped drawers. We traveled to Washington for a week in mid-March 1999 to prepare the collection for “The 1999 OEP to the University of Nebraska State shipment to Nebraska by truck. Museum is for the Pleurostict Scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) involving over 300,000 specimens from To prepare for retrieving the collection from Washington, around the world,” said David Furth, SI Collections SI began saving large Dell computer boxes in which to Manager. “It has probably been the most effective and place specimen drawers with padding, but that proved too successful OEP to date. It has also fostered grants and new time consuming and laborious, and we would never have collections equipment for UNSM.” had enough boxes. In March 1999, the then members of Team Scarab (myself, Mary Liz Jameson, and graduate — Brett Ratcliffe, Curator, Entomology, UNSM students Andrew Smith and Karla Villatoro) traveled to Research Associate, Department of Entomology, DC for a week to prepare the collection for transport to Smithsonian Institution Nebraska. We secured and padded each drawer in its own cabinet, and all of the larger beetles were secured with Mary Liz Jameson (left), Karla Villatoro, and Andrew Smith at the National brace pins on either side to keep them from rotating during Museum of Natural History preparing the scarab collection for transport to shipment. The SI cabinets were half size, which made Nebraska. Photo by Brett Ratcliffe. loading and off-loading fairly easy with a large furniture dolly and lots of muscle power. The collection was securely placed in a LARGE rental truck that I drove from DC to Nebraska . . . and my relief was palpable when we left on a Sunday morning when there was virtually no DC traffic. Remarkably, no specimens were broken in transit!

The old, half-size SI cabinets were inefficient and had lead-based paint, and the cabinets had to be replaced. We obtained a supplemental grant of $40,000 to our existing NSF Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy grant to purchase 21 new, double-door cabinets to house the SI drawers, which happen to be the same size and configuration that we already use in our own collection. So, whenever the SI scarab drawers are returned to DC, we shall have decades worth of cabinetry for expansion; the SI drawers will go into a compactor system in DC where stand-alone cabinets like ours are not used.

January 2018 11 TRAILSIDE MUSEUM 2017 SEASON RECAP The season at the Trailside Museum The Prehistoric Prairies Discovery impressed with the Battling Mammoth of Natural History at Fort Robinson Committee (PPDC) granted the Exhibit and our beautiful museum. State Park started off slow but museum funding to purchase some Travelers found Fort Robinson and gained momentum especially in much needed furniture for the main its two museums a welcome surprise the months of June and August. floor and balcony along with a t-shirt and it was a good time to introduce the Chancellor Green stopped on his rack for the gift shop. T-shirt sales park to new people. tour of the state and we enjoyed were up this year so the new rack will his visit. We are always happy to be great for the gift shop. Additional The Scottsbluff Herald did several see people from the University and fixtures were also purchased to upgrade articles on the areas’ paleontology the other end of the state. Several the gift shop and we are looking sites. We were featured in the Friends of the Museum members forward to replacing many of the old Lifestyle section of the August 6th toured the museum this year and we fixtures. The 309 Task Force approved paper. Marsh, the museums standing greatly appreciate them stopping by. emergency money for a new heating Mammoth was featured on the front and air conditioning unit, replacing page of the section with the caption “A Chris Meisel, April Sweeney and the old one that went out at the end of Road to the Past, FOSSIL FREEWAY.” Makayla Tigges joined the Trailside July last year. Barry Christensen and We appreciate the publicity and hope staff this year, all Crawford residents. the facilities staff were great in making it sparks some new interests as well as Chris is a new resident to Crawford this happen for the museum. The unit renew some old. and brought with her a long career is energy efficient and was installed in in retail. She was an asset in the gift early July. This year is coming to a close with and rock shops and enjoyed talking the month of October left to go. The to guests about the museum and the August brought the much Trailside attendance is up 7% and the surrounding area. April has her own anticipated Solar Eclipse. Although rock and gift shop up 30%. It was a E-bay clothing business and Makayla Fort Robinson received only 48 successful year and we look forward is a criminal justice major at Chadron seconds of totality, people from all to finding new ways to improve the State College. Both were great at the over the country stayed at the Fort and Trailside Museum for the 2018 season. front desk and enjoyed greeting guests then traveled to different locations for into the museum. viewing. It was a great time to show off — Pattie Norman, Museum Associate, our wonderful state and people were Trailside Museum of Natural History

Photo courtesy Nebraska Life Magazine

12 The Mammoth Shane Tucker carefully works to excavate the Mues’ family fossil find. In 2017, the Mues family of Culbertson, Nebraska had a Father’s Day that they will not soon forget.

While fishing from their kayaks, the Mues family noticed a skull eroding from a bank at Lake McConaughy and reported it to the Museum. Wave action and fluctuations in lake level frequently expose skeletal remains along the shoreline and the Museum has a long history of working with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission and Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District (CNPPID) to collect these fossil resources. One of these collaborations included an underwater excavation* using scuba equipment in the 1980s!

After acquiring a permit, the Museum’s Highway Paleontology Program excavated the specimen with the assistance of the Mues family and staff from CNPPID. The skull was preserved in a 9-11 million-year-old stream deposit within the Ash Hollow Formation and is from the same barrel-bodied rhinoceros species (Teleoceras major) that is found at Ashfall Fossil Beds.

The Mues family’s discovery was not only important for its scientific value but also demonstrated the cooperation of several agencies to preserve Nebraska’s prehistoric FATHER’S DAY TRIP past. LEADS TO FOSSIL FIND — Shane Tucker, Highway Salvage Paleontologist, University of Nebraska State Museum *October 1987 issue of NebraskaLand Magazine for more information.

January 2018 13 FLY AWAY HOME? ICE AGE MAY HAVE CLIPPED BIRD MIGRATION

Photo courtesy Craig Chandler, University Communication

The onset of the last ice age may Of the 29 long-distance migrant species ventured beyond their native have forced some bird species species examined in the study, 20 habitats to capitalize on better breeding to abandon their northerly likely saw their northern breeding and feeding opportunities afforded grounds become uninhabitable, by the longer days and insect-rich migrations for thousands of according to models developed by the environments of northern latitudes. years, says new research led by a researchers. When the climate again University of Nebraska-Lincoln warmed and glaciers retreated back to Those species eventually ventured ornithologist. the Arctic, those species presumably farther and farther from their habitats, resumed their seasonal migrations. finally stopping when they reached Published Sept. 20 in the journal environments that could not sustain Science Advances, the study challenges Lead author Robert Zink said the them during the autumn and winter. a long-held presumption that birds conclusions could alter how scientists They continued to migrate south when merely shortened their migratory reconstruct the history of bird seasonal temperatures dropped and flights when glaciers advanced south migration. food sources waned. to cover much of North America and northern Europe about 21,000 years “It fundamentally changes the way In that context, Zink said his ago. we study the evolution of migration hypothesis suggests that the origin and think about the migratory behavior story of bird migration simply The study concluded that the of birds,” said Zink, professor of underwent multiple reboots, with the emergence of glaciers in those regions natural resources and biological “migratory machinery” of birds halting instead acted as an “adaptive switch” sciences at Nebraska. for each of the 20 or so ice ages that that turned off migratory behavior, have glazed Earth during the past 2.5 transforming the tropics from a Researchers generally agree that, million years. cold-weather resort into a long-term millions of years ago, many birds did residence for certain bird species. not migrate from the tropics. But as the “Migrations are costly and risky,” global climate began to warm, some said Zink, curator of zoology at the

14 The Mammoth University of Nebraska State Museum. “They’re costly in amounts of fat and sustain trans-gulf migrations. Birds are terms of safety, energy — anything you can think of.” (adaptive) enough in their behavior and physiology that this wasn’t a reinvention of some incredible phenomenon.” Rather than paying those costs to reach breeding grounds that the encroaching glaciers had shrunk to tiny fractions And if some species did transition back and forth from of their former size, he said, birds instead resorted to their sedentary to migratory states, researchers should consider ancestral state: tropical homebodies. pruning certain evolutionary trees accordingly, Zink said. Many evolutionary trees currently treat migration as an “Some of them were forced so far south that it was no irreversible trait rather than a variable behavior, he said, and longer a fitness advantage to migrate, because the extra that assumption could be misinforming discussions of when young they could produce south of the glacier wasn’t and where it evolved. enough to compensate for the cost of migration,” Zink said, “and then coming back to the tropics and re-establishing “I wanted to point out that this was a real danger and their territory. fallacy that’s being committed: mapping something onto an evolutionary tree where the feature — migration or “To some people, that’s so completely off the wall that sedentariness — changes faster than new species evolved,” they may have trouble wrapping their heads around it — he said. “You would have constructed the history of except that it’s the way they would explain to their classes migration totally differently.” the evolution of migration in the first place. So, in a sense, what I’m proposing is nothing novel. What’s novel about — Scott Schrage, University Communication, it is that (the advent of migration) probably occurred many University of Nebraska times.”

Zink and his co-author, the University of Minnesota’s Aubrey Gardner, conducted their study using a computer model that linked the modern-day distribution of bird species with climate variables — temperature, precipitation, seasonality — that characterize their habitats. By comparing those climates with conditions that existed during the last ice age, the model mapped the regions that likely could have supported each of those species from about 21,000 to 12,000 years ago.

In many cases, Zink said, the model either found no habitable regions beyond the tropics or located habitats so miniscule that they would have struggled to support sizable populations of the species.

“Some species were probably just forced (slightly) south of the glaciers, and their habitats were extensive enough that they would maybe maintain some migratory ability,” he said. “But for others, I think there was so little predicted habitat that they just ceased migration all together.

“This evolution of migration is a very (variable) thing. Normally, when we think of evolution, we think of singular, unique events in evolutionary history. But in this case, the ability to migrate is entrenched in birds. They have the A study led by Nebraska’s Robert Zink proposes that many bird species, such ability to navigate using the sun, the stars, the (Earth’s) as the Canada warbler, may have completely stopped migrating during the magnetic field. They have the ability to put on large last ice age.

January 2018 15 ASHFALL INTERNS HARD AT WORK, 2017 SEASON

A fossil horse was added to the herd during the 2017 season at Ashfall Fossil Beds. <<< Raymond Dierdorf (David B. Jones intern) found this fossil early in the season and worked to reveal it throughout the summer. Raymond is from Yuma, Arizona and graduated this last spring from the University of Montana with a degree in Geoscience. <<< Cienna Lyon (Overcash intern) found three large dog tracks from a bone-crushing dog. One is between the span of her thumb and finger. Even though several fossil dog tracks were found this summer, they are rare in occurrence. Cienna is a recent graduate of Ithaca

College in New York. <<< <<< Clark Ward (Hubbard Colton Snyder (David B. Jones intern) intern) is a Geology was a returning intern for the 2017 and Biology double season at Ashfall. During the summer, major, entering into he painstakingly brushed off multiple his second year at the layers of fossil algae (within the ash University of Nebraska. bed) to discover three tracks from a He worked closely with large bone-crushing dog. The tracks Raymond to uncover are marked by yellow tape. Colton will the fossil horse this be attending Montana State University

season. in Bozeman this fall with plans to

complete his degree in Geology.

<<< <<<

Riley Hacker discovered The first fossil find of the an articulated back leg summer was the track of a camel within a foot of a carnivore by Regan or two of camel bones Douglas (David B. Jones that were found earlier intern). She grew up in in the summer 2017 Weeping Water, Nebraska by Regan Douglas and and just finished her Clark Ward. Riley is from freshman year at the Green Bay, Wisconsin University of Nebraska at and is a graduate of Lincoln. She is majoring St. Norbert College in in Geology with an DePere, Wisconsin, interest in Paleontology where he majored in and Mineralogy. Geology.

16 The Mammoth ASHFALL FOSSIL BEDS SEVEN MILES TO VIRTUALLY ANYWHERE

Great Plains Communications, the largest “These virtual field trips will be a win-win independent communications provider in the addition to our educational services,” said Rick state of Nebraska, has completed a seven-mile Otto, Superintendent, Ashfall Fossil Beds State fiber optic cable build to Ashfall Fossil Beds Historical Park. “Schools will benefit by being State Historical Park. able to give students the feel of visiting the park without the time and expense of travel. Because of the park’s remote location, The park will benefit by furthering its mission access to adequate communications services of sparking interest in the natural world by to support a mission of virtual education reaching classrooms across the state and beyond was not a possibility. The park has relied on its borders to tell the story of the amazing fossil Satellite Internet services and has struggled finds in addition to bringing in revenues from with telephone audio quality. To solve these virtual field trip fees.” issues, Ashfall, which is part of the University of Nebraska State Museum and the Nebraska — Laura Kocher, Marketing & Public Relations Director, Game and Parks Commission, worked with Great Plains Communications Great Plains Communications to install fiber optic cable to the facility. Funding for the project which was completed in late August was provided by a grant from the Nebraska Environmental Trust.

The newly installed fiber services provided by Great Plains Communications will allow the park to educate students all over the world through virtual field trips, much like sister museum Morrill Hall in Lincoln, Nebraska. In addition to high-speed Internet benefits, the facility will experience a clear, more reliable connection via fiber-based phone service.

Todd Foje, CEO of Great Plains Communications had this to say. “We are honored to bring the dedicated Ashfall paleontologists and staff these improved technology resources to share their fossil discoveries with students both on a national and international level. We look forward to hearing more about this Nebraska treasure as they implement their virtual field trip program.”

January 2018 17 MEMBERS of the UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM

Bart Dillashaw and Erica Peterson Ken and Candi Bazata Bill and Donna Gustafson Meital and Hemi Dimant Abigale and David Beatty Scott and Barb Gutshall LIFETIME Gerald and Kit Dimon Mary Beavers Damon Gutzmer Daniel and Shamene Dixon John and Gail Bender Matt and Charles Haacker FRIENDS Mike and Diana Dohmen John and Jeanne Benes Dennis and Sheri Hafer Joshua and Jacqui Donner Mike and Kathy Beran Timothy Hagge and MEMBERS Allan and Stephanie Donsig Shelly Berchtold Andria Bethelmie Mike and Rachel Dougherty Alexandra and Gabriel Berkebile Mick and Lisa Hale Betty & Bruce Anderson Barbara Dowse and Dorothy Smith Shandy Bittle Julian Hall Dale Droescher Abigail and Clayton Blagburn Justin and Julie Hall Douglas & Pam Cast Dennis Duchon and Jimmy and Beckie Boardman Mark and Jennifer Hammer Len Dickinson & Jule Goeller Donde Plowman Scott and Mary Bohling John and Mary Hancock James & Nancy Estes Paige Duncan and James and Suzanne Boltz Don and Ann Hand Jonathan Henning Wesley Botham Deb and Dave Hansen Helen L. Greer Mary and Frank Dupuis Cynthia Bottger and Rand and Ginger Hansen Karen Amen & James Goeke Pam Dyer Josalynn Kennell Wendell and Judy Harden Priscilla Grew Don and Karen Eakins Phil and Catherine Boucher Linda Harr and Heather Clare Sarah Easton and Susan Easton John and Gretchen Bowes Robert Harse Norm & Bernice Harris Nikki and Durayne Ebbers Dawn and Christopher Bowling Ricque and Jim Harth Anne M. Hubbard, M.D. Dan and Stephanie Eckles Kimberly and Brian Boyd Nate and Heather Hartman Ted & Colleen Hubbard Terrie and Russel Edwards Crystal and Mark Boysen Deryl and Carmen Hatch Nathan and Trish Egdarts Jennifer and Louis Braatz Traci and Clay Heavican Palmer & Shirley Johnson Julie and Derek Ehlers Timothy and Connie Brabb Neveen Hegab and Chris DeHeer Raymond & Bernita Neujahr Ann and Paul Ellenberger Zachary Bragg Steven and Jennifer Hegemann Mary L. Pritchard Scott and Nancy Elley Mark and Ellen Brogie Anthony Heidtbrink and Mark and Katie Elsener Mark and Anessa Brohman Sarah Walcott Bill & Ruth Scott Maggie and Michael Elsener Andrea and Nick Brown Deborah and Atef Hembry David Lind Scott Talia and Jonathan Engelhart Theodore Browne Lynnette and Greg Hendrickson Dr. Mark & Diann Sorensen Aline Erdkamp and John Branum Christy and Jerrine Brugh Troy and Kathleen Hendrix Cheryl and Kent Erickson Christy Buhrmann Don Henery Ronald D. and Lynn Tanner Shauna and Nathaniel Esau Michelle and Charles Buller Tom and Della Henriksen Dr. Loren M. & Maxine Toohey Ingrid Esparza and Stephen Sael Ryan and Karen Burchard Brandy Hickman Morrie & Amy Tuttle Chad and Amanda Essink Michael and Sarah Burden David and Jennifer Hicks Duane Eversoll John and Sara Burden Elton and Lisa Hill Arthur & Christine Zygielbaum Christopher and Jo Farabee Sheila and Ronald Burdock Alex and Jacob Hill Carol and Norm Farnham Kelsy Burke and Maggie Lozier Tom and Linda Hoegemeyer Lifetime Members are Ross and Emily Faubel Kerrey and Kim Buser Richard and Vicki Hoffmann recognized for their April and Justin Fearing Kathy and Steve Bussard Larry and Dee Hogya extraordinary Gerald and Jolene Felber Peggy and Randy Bybee Rachel and Dan Hoien dedication to the Friends. Tyler and Elizabeth Ferebee Karlie and Anstin Byleen Daniel and Karissa Holan Mollie and Joshua Ferguson Kathleen and Daniel Cain Mark and Amy Holland Daniel and Amanda Feuerbach Tom Callahan Cliff and Marcia Hollestelle Jeff and Melissa Abele Cathleen and Roger Fichter Marvin and Jon Carlson Patti and Jim Holloway Norm and Carol Abele David and Stacey Field Greg and Sally Carlson Abby and Travis Holm Judith and Leonard Ackland Barb and Charles Francis John and Eileen Carroll John and Norarene Hrabik Jerry and Ora Adler David and Cari Franzen Anne and Andrew Carter Kelly and Nina Hubbard Jennifer and Aaron Admire Allison and Jay Fredericks-Foreman Shawn and Diane Cary Michelle and Jeff Huber Amanda and Daniel Aksamit Russel and Terri Free Wendy and Jason Cech Bob and Sherry Hubert Mark and Anne Albracht Bev and Patricia French Rebecca and Carl Cederberg Robin Huebner Sarah and Nathan Albright Eric and Sarah Freudenburg Lash and Ann Chaffin Suzanne and Adam Humeniak Kathryn and Brad Alderman Meghan and Robert Frickel Jane and Arnie Christensen Karen and David Hunt Heath and Megumi Alexander Jeff and Katie Frickel Michael and Heather Clark Stephen and Merissa Hunt Val Andersen and Kent Zoz Don and Diane Gabelhouse Stacey and Kevin Clutter William and Kathleen Hunter Josh and Kelly Andersen Eric and Kristin Gall Elizabeth and Jay Cody Ronald and Lisa Hunter Kristine Andersen and Ray Zamiska Torey Gandara Jennifer Collier Keli and Todd Hupka Rebecca and Darin Anderson Shanti Gangadharan and Melanie and Thomas Collist-Foulk Karen and Jason Hupp Lindsey and Justin Anderson Sagar Damle Jim and Jeanette Commers Dan Hurlburt Shari and Joe Anderson Gretchen and Tracy Garcia Heather Concholar Keith Hurley and Dr. Robert and Dr. Kathy Anderson Scott and Sue Gardner Katherine and Simon Connett Kristin Duppong-Hurley Jon and Vicki Anderson Kyle and Gretchen Garrison Tom and Danielle Conrad Independence Center Hannah Anderson and Jayne Taylor Nikki and Codah Gatewood James and Judith Cook - Bryan Health Larry and Kendra Angle Sarath and Rachel Gautam Samantha Coonce and Amy Israel Jesus and Jamie Arango Jessica and Jim Gentert Lianna Luallin Shane and Laurie Jacobson Andrea and Sonny Arellano Amanda and Reid Genuchi Victor and Reign Covalt Jennifer and Brandon Jacoby Beth and Bryan Arens Katie and Grant Gerloch Sam and Vicky Cowan Pat Janike and Kelly and Jeffrey Arett Melanie Gibson and Lauren Crawford Lora Carpenter-Janike Tyler and Amber Artz Christopher St. Pierre Jason and Sara Crisp John and Karen Janovy Martin and Lola Asch Troy and Youngin Gilmore Erin Cross and Matthew Luettger Karen and Brett Jenkins Pat and Darrell Asche Andrea and Anthony Gilpin Gene and Linda Crump Lowell and Patricia Jenny Matt and Lori Ashmore Jason and Molly Glenn Eileen and Tim Cunningham Greg Jensen Rebecca Atanassova Annette Gloystein Maxwell and Lora Curry Patricia and Rob Jensen Jose Avila and David Hernandez Ronald and Beth Goble Bruce and Ellen Curtiss Amy and Brandon Johns Kelli and Joel Bacon Carol Goehrs Nick and Ann Cusick Darla and Ben Johnson Cassandra and Jacob Baglien Stefanie and Chris Goforth Amy and Zach Dahlgren Chad and Jennifer Johnson Dayna and Kelly Bahr Ryan and Ann Goldsmith Veronica Dale and Rodney Fulhrodt Rose and Ken Johnson Alexandra and Aaron Ball Leslie Gordon and John Meinzer Susan and James Dank Kevin Johnson and Diana Dawson Amy and Sunil Bansal Donna Gould and Cathy Davis and Kelly Schroder Nolan Johnson and Elisha Mackling Robert and Alana Barth Matthew Wegener Rosanne and Jeramy Decker Erin and Josh Johnson Jayne Barth Matthew and Toni Grant John and Nikki DeFrain Makaela and Derek Johnson Bruce and Carol Bartling Kylee and Blake Greisen Janet and Mark Desciscio Peter and Kimberly Jorgensen Rod and Robin Bates Janet Greser and Lisa Lewy Lindsay and Devon Dickinson Mark and Julie Joyce Nikki Bates-Rush and Ben Rush Robert and Patricia Grimit Jodie Dietz and Shawn Hoffart David and Kathy Junker Christina and Matthew Bavougian Don and Alissa Gunning Robert Diffendal Jimmy and Sarah Kam

18 The Mammoth Ramona Kamal William and Jessica Moller Kalin and Gina Riese Susan and Lorenz Taylor YingFen Kao and Chi-Kuo Hu Mary Monahan Gerald Riske and Arlene Singer Sharon and Brian Teeters MEMBERS of the UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM Emily and Owen Killham Nikki Montag Robert and Susie Roberts Cheryl and Dane Terhune Raymond and Mary Ellen Kincanon James and Noreen Moore David Rogers Jason and Krista Testin Renee and Joshua King David and Marilyn Moore Brooke and Tom Rogers Cristina and Larry Thaut Douglas and Jan King Terry and Cathy Moore Amanda and Kyle Rohrig Caroline and Tom Thomas Tony and Nicole Kinnaman John and Shannon Moran Clark and Susan Rosenlof Dawn and David Thompson Christine and Terry Kirsch Michael and Laura Moravec Kelly and Andrew Ross Tammy Thompson-Bendig and Amber and Kevin Klein Jason and Renae Morehead Alexandra and Michael Roth Randy Bendig John Knapp and Jacki Bradley Karen and David Morgan Larry and Caroline Routh Sally and Steven Thorne Rebekah and Roger Knobeloch Jon and Carol Morgenson Brandy and Zachary Rowe Melvin and Rosemary Thornton Mandy and Reed Kohmetscher Jason and Kea Morovitz Cassandra and Robert Rucker Janet Thurman Eugene Koob and Kerry Ryan Mary Burke Morrow Max and Karen Rudolph Lindsay and Kyle Tillinghast Ralph and Elizabeth Krause Ronald and Virginia Morse Peter and Heather Rus Jessica and Robert Tipton Nick and Alyssa Krejci Megan and Troy Morton Charla and Matthew Ruwe Robert and Martha Tobin Mara and Jeff Krivohlavek Lovell and Lowell Moser Seth Rye and Melanie Dvorak Orsolya Toth and Katherine and Aaron Krovance Kenneth and Mary Moy Stacey and Kevin Sadowski Ashraf Aly Hassan Valerie and Justin Kubick Robert Moyer and Rachel Liekhus Ellen and Raul Saldivar Tom and Virginia Trauthen John and DeAnn Kubr Mike and Aimee Muehling Kim and John Salistean Jennifer and Jonathan Tryer Anne and Foster Kurburski Robert Muller Alexis and Adam Saltzman Donald Umstadter Sarah and Blair Laddusaw Sheryl and Rob-Roy Murray January Salvador Linda and Jerry Urban Nicole and Morgan Laholt Josh and Brooke Murtaugh Kristalyn and Jeremiah Sample Dorothy Van Brocklin Robert and Rebecca Laird Martha and Larry Nash Ernesto and Carmen Sanchez Ben and Sarah Van Horn Melissa and Joel Landis Scott and Kelly Neal Jessica and Jonah Sander Mark Van Kekerix and Melissa and Benjamin Lass Ann Neal and Aletha Biggs Scott Sattler and Robert Tucker Carlos Laurido and Amber Thomp Jason Nelms Heather VanBuskirk Dave VanAsperen Brett Laursen and Erika Hoff Diana Nevins Tom and Sandy Sawyer Anthony and Deann Venditte Nestor and Melissa Leija Robin and Kirk Ney Matt Schafer Maggie and Dwayne Ventry Mike and Jen Lempke Sarah and Khanh Nguyen Dale and Stephanie Scheer Maria Elena and Delia Villasante Edwin Leon and Noreen Tarar Najiba and Ahktar Niazi Patricia and Arnie Schendt Christine Villegas and Carol and Evan Leonhardt Carol and Chris Nichols Kayla Schlichenmaier Cecile Renfro Jamie and Andrew Lethcoe Rob and Melissa Nickolaus Brenda and Ethan Schmid Ken and Erny Von Bargen Suzie Licht and Tony Divers Patrick Nieland Albertha and Patrick Schmid Michael and Jane Voorhies Lincoln Gem and Mineral Club Michael and Nicole Nielsen John Schneiderman Carrie and Brad Wales Jim and Gail Linderholm Roger and Patty Niemann Sue Schuerman Ben Waller Tracy and David Lockwood Tysha and Casey Nixon Megan and Joel Schulz David and Rose Wallman Ragan and Mahon Lofton Emily and Douglas Nolan Brenda Schumacher and Mitchell and Jennifer Wallman Tara Loreason James Nora and Julie Filips Mark Paulsen Cody Ward Ross and Jamie Louch Matt and Davi Ann Norsworthy Sarah and Joseph Scott Jane and Ron Wasserman Megan Luck and Dale Farnstrom Jennifer and Jonathon Northouse Adam and Cathy Scurlock Charles and Betty Watt Peter and Lisa Lueninghoener Danette Novotny Rob and Jen Seckinger Anthony and Margaret Waybright Tracy and Mark Luepritz Paul and Samantha Nykiel Sam and Carroll Segrist Susie Weaver Andrea and Michael Lundberg Teya O’Bannon and April Segura Annie and Tadd Wegner Douglas and Deborah Lynch Brant Martens Phil and Mary Bet Seng Jesse and Gina Weir Lyndsay and Lance Maahs Stanley and Fanny Odenthal Perry and Janeanne Severson Donald and Diane Weldon Edith and Allen Maas Sherlene and Donald Ohnoutka Daniel and Shauna Shaefer Susan Weller and Robert Zink Bryan and Rachel Mack Logan and Margaret Otto Emily and Ryan Shelstad Regina Werum John and Barbara MacKichan Kathleen and Gene Ousey Dan and Julie Shoop Bridget Whalen and Mike and Kelly Madcharo Jeffrey Palenik and Quyen Tran Margaret Sieber Chris McCombs Laura and Jeremiah Maher Mike Parker and Demetra and Matt Simmons Steven and Karen White Marcia and Steve Malone Jenifer Steger-Parker Iris and Joshua Simon Courteney and Michael Wichman Patricia and G. John Mancuso Timothy Parsons Aaron and Andrea Skaw Eric Wicklund Vella Mandelblat and Yael Dennis and Jessica Pate Mark Slechta and Michelle Shutts Annette Wiechert Mandelblat-Cerf Jeffery and Carolyn Patterson Kathryn Smith Carmon and John Wiens Curtis Mann Eric Peace Rachel Smith and Stacie Schultz Robert and Deborah Wigton Natalie and Stephen Markham Gorden Peden Rosemary and Chey Smith Chuck and Donna Wilcox William and Kimberly Marriner Michael and Carol Pedersen Clarissa and Travis Smith Megan and Wade Wiles Paul and Jessica Marsh Connie and Steve Pejsar John and Rachel Snelling Ann and Mark Willet Carrie and Paul Marshall Laura and John Penn Jessica and Adam Snoberger Amy and Austin Williams Erica and Andrew Martens Susan and John Pepino Lynn Sobotka Toni Wilson Mary Martig Joseph and Felipa Peroutka Jodi Sommers and Claudia and Richard Wilson Wally and Amanda Mason Matt Person Remington Holmes Linda and Nicole Windle-Michel Amanda and Wally Mason Michael and Sarah Peschong Sarah and Neil Sorensen John and Heather Winter Martin and Ruth Massengale Frankie Petersen Karen and John Sousek Ryan and Meagan Wittmann Jim and Georgianne Mastera Ann and Judy Peterson Vicki and Ken Squires Greg and Jennifer Wohlers Lois and Z B Mayo Jerry and Mary Ann Petr Therron Stackley and William and Barbara Woito Bill and Wilma McCamley Stacie and Rick Petter Christy Aggers George Wolf Meghan and Patrick McCormick Chase and Susanah Pickinpaugh Thomas and Denese Stalnaker Eric Wolford and Jessica Janssen Jennifer and Brian McDaniel Jed and Melissa Plettner Donald and Susan Steinegger Jasper and Melissa Wong Marilyn and Ed McDowell Suzanne and Caleb Plettner Patricia Steiner Larry and Sue Wood Robert McEntarffer and Ruan Pohlman Kirsten Stephan and Rafael Flores Russel and Judith Workman Kristin Krohn Nick and Chrissy Polite Sara Stephenson and Angela and Kyle Wyle Derek Mclean Gwen Powell Jenise DeGraw Ping Yang and Haizhen Zhong Ian and Maggie McLean Shane and Brandi Powers Christy Stevens Yao Yao and Biyan He Seth and Corraine McNeill Diane and Tom Pratt Michelle and Russ Stigge Heather and Ken Yates Heather and Jeff Meadows Mark and Kathy Pretzer Thomas and Jaime Stiles Seanna and Stephanie Yeager Emily Mefort Jennifer Prue-Scott Laura and Lucas Stock Margo and Richard Young George and Carrie Meiers Kathie Putensen Angie and Ben Stock Doug Young and Nancy Neilsen Edith Meints Jake and Shannon Quible Jen Stokarski Seth and Lauren Youree Angela and Bill Melton Richard and Susan Rabb Megan and Darrin Stoll Michael and Ella Zeldich Carol and Ken Mertl Neal and Deb Ratzlaff Michael and Larry Stromer Mike and Amy Zeleny Karen and Charles Messenger Alison and Troy Ray Mauricio and Edith Suarez Shari Zinnecker James and Michelle Meuret Ward and Cheryl Reesman Reece and Sarah Sukovaty Janice Znamenacek and Nate and Becky Michel Thomas and Susan Reinsch Jack and Elisabeth Sundermeier Sarah Alhachani Katie and Greg Milius Rhani and Raquel Resuello James Swinehart and Wendy Sarno Mary and Jamie Zordel Jennifer and Thomas Miller Caroline and Dale Ribble Jim and Sue Symonds Becky and Brian Zylstra Missionary Benedictine Sisters Tom Richter Emily Taege and Jordan Kuhl Heather and Jason Mitchell Frederick and Margaret Rickers Liz and Harold Tarr *Members as of November 21, 2018 January 2018 19 STATE MUSEUM

University of Nebraska State Museum 307 Morrill Hall PO Box 880357 Lincoln, NE 68588-0357

Join or upgrade to be one of the first to be greeted by the ambush predator Barbourofelis when you embark on a journey through the newly renovated 4th Floor of Morrill Hall.

Illustration by Mark Marcuson

The University of Nebraska does not discriminate based upon any protected status. Please see go.unl.edu/nondiscrimination. 20 The Mammoth