Radiation Induced Sterility to Control Tsetse Flies
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(Diptera: Bombyliidae), a Parasite of the Alkali Bee
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All PIRU Publications Pollinating Insects Research Unit 1960 The Biology of Heterostylum rubustum (Diptera: Bombyliidae), a Parasite of the Alkali Bee George E. Bohart Utah State University W. P. Stephen R. K. Eppley Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/piru_pubs Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Bohart, G. E., W. P. Stephen, and R. K. Eppley. 1960. The Biology of Heterostylum rubustum (Diptera: Bombyliidae), a Parasite of the Alkali Bee. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 53(3): 425-435. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Pollinating Insects Research Unit at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All PIRU Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ( Reprinted from fu'<NALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF rumRJCA Vol. 53, No. 3, May, 1960 THE BIOLOGY OF HETEROSTYLUM ROBUSTUM (DIPTERA: BOMBYLIIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE ALKALI BEE1 G . E. BOHART,' W. P. STEPHEN, Ai\ID R. K. EPPLEY3 ABSTRACT H eterostylum robustu m. (Osten Sacken) is the principal very brief second ins ta r, and a soft, helpless third ins tar , parasite of the a lkali bee (Nomia mela11deri Ckll.) in the to a tough, more active fourth instar. Some lat vae Northwestern States. It also parasitizes other species apparently mature on a single host, but others pa rt ially of Nomia and at least one species of both Nomadopsis and drain the fluids from a second as well. In the late Halictus. It eject-s eggs into and near the nest mounds summer or fall the mature larva makes an overwin tet ing of its host, but does not readily discr iminate between nest cell in the upper few inches of soil. -
Medicine in the Wild: Strategies Towards Healthy and Breeding Wildlife Populations in Kenya
Medicine in the Wild: Strategies towards Healthy and Breeding Wildlife Populations in Kenya David Ndeereh, Vincent Obanda, Dominic Mijele, and Francis Gakuya Introduction The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) has a Veterinary and Capture Services Department at its headquarters in Nairobi, and four satellite clinics strategically located in key conservation areas to ensure quick response and effective monitoring of diseases in wildlife. The depart- ment was established in 1990 and has grown from a rudimentary unit to a fully fledged department that is regularly consulted on matters of wildlife health in the eastern Africa region and beyond. It has a staff of 48, comprising 12 veterinarians, 1 ecologist, 1 molecular biologist, 2 animal health technicians, 3 laboratory technicians, 4 drivers, 23 capture rangers, and 2 subordinate staff. The department has been modernizing its operations to meet the ever-evolving challenges in conservation and management of biodiversity. Strategies applied in managing wildlife diseases Rapid and accurate diagnosis of conditions and diseases affecting wildlife is essential for facilitating timely treatment, reducing mortalities, and preventing the spread of disease. This also makes it possible to have an early warning of disease outbreaks, including those that could spread to livestock and humans. Besides reducing the cost of such epidemics, such an approach ensures healthy wildlife populations. The department’s main concern is the direct threat of disease epidemics to the survival and health of all wildlife populations, with emphasis on endangered wildlife populations. Also important are issues relating to public health, livestock production, and rural liveli- hoods, each of which has important consequences for wildlife management. -
A Short Bifunctional Element Operates to Positively Or Negatively Regulate ESAG9 Expression in Different Developmental Forms Of
2294 Research Article A short bifunctional element operates to positively or negatively regulate ESAG9 expression in different developmental forms of Trypanosoma brucei Stephanie L. Monk, Peter Simmonds and Keith R. Matthews* Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Accepted 25 February 2013 Journal of Cell Science 126, 2294–2304 ß 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd doi: 10.1242/jcs.126011 Summary In their mammalian host trypanosomes generate ‘stumpy’ forms from proliferative ‘slender’ forms as an adaptation for transmission to their tsetse fly vector. This transition is characterised by the repression of many genes while quiescent stumpy forms accumulate during each wave of parasitaemia. However, a subset of genes are upregulated either as an adaptation for transmission or to sustain infection chronicity. Among this group are ESAG9 proteins, whose genes were originally identified as a component of some telomeric variant surface glycoprotein gene expression sites, although many members of this diverse family are also transcribed elsewhere in the genome. ESAG9 genes are among the most highly regulated genes in transmissible stumpy forms, encoding a group of secreted proteins of cryptic function. To understand their developmental silencing in slender forms and activation in stumpy forms, the post-transcriptional control signals for a well conserved ESAG9 gene have been mapped. This identified a precise RNA sequence element of 34 nucleotides that contributes to gene expression silencing in slender forms but also acts positively, activating gene expression in stumpy forms. -
Promachus Dimidiatus Curran (Diptera: Asilidae): a Robber Fly Genus and Species New to British Columbia
J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 116, DECEMBER 2019 !59 SCIENTIFIC NOTE Promachus dimidiatus Curran (Diptera: Asilidae): a robber fly genus and species new to British Columbia R. A. C A N N I N G S1, T. E H L E R S2, A. M A N W E I L E R3, T. K O H L E R3, E. H A Y E S3, AND D. K N O P P4 Promachus dimidiatus Curran (Figs. 1, 2) is a large grassland robber fly native to western North America, and ranging from southern Manitoba and northern Saskatchewan west to Alberta and south to Utah, New Mexico, Kansas and Wisconsin (Fisher and Wilcox 1997; Cannings 2014). This note records the genus and species for the first time in British Columbia (BC). ! Figure 1. Promachus dimidiatus, male. Photographed by Denis Knopp, Vernon, BC (50.22976°N, 119.2986°W), 21 June 2018. ! 1Corresponding author: Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2; [email protected] 2Masse Environmental Consultants Ltd., 812 Vernon Street, Nelson, BC, V0G 2J0 3Department of National Defence, Government of Canada, 7 -5535 Korea Road, Chilliwack, BC, V2R 5P2 447330 Extrom Road, Chilliwack, BC, V2R 4V1 J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 116, DECEMBER 2019 !60 During a survey of arthropods at risk at the Vernon Military Camp, Department of National Defence (DND) in Vernon, BC (Masse Environmental Consultants 2019), Tyson Ehlers and a team of biologists discovered a population of P. dimidiatus at a grassland site (50.22974°N, 119.29874°W) approximately 3.9 km southwest of the centre of downtown Vernon, BC (Figs. -
Microarchitecture of the Tsetse Fly Proboscis Wendy Gibson1*, Lori Peacock1,2 and Rachel Hutchinson1
Gibson et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:430 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2367-2 RESEARCH Open Access Microarchitecture of the tsetse fly proboscis Wendy Gibson1*, Lori Peacock1,2 and Rachel Hutchinson1 Abstract Background: Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) are large blood-sucking dipteran flies that are important as vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse anatomy has been well described, including detailed accounts of the functional anatomy of the proboscis for piercing host skin and sucking up blood. The proboscis also serves as the developmental site for the infective metacyclic stages of several species of pathogenic livestock trypanosomes that are inoculated into the host with fly saliva. To understand the physical environment in which these trypanosomes develop, we have re-examined the microarchitecture of the tsetse proboscis. Results: We examined proboscises from male and female flies of Glossina pallidipes using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each proboscis was removed from the fly head and either examined intact or dissected into the three constituent components: Labrum, labium and hypopharynx. Our light and SEM images reaffirm earlier observations that the tsetse proboscis is a formidably armed weapon, well-adapted for piercing skin, and provide comparative data for G. pallidipes. In addition, the images reveal that the hypopharynx, the narrow tube that delivers saliva to the wound site, ends in a remarkably ornate and complex structure with around ten finger-like projections, each adorned with sucker-like protrusions, contradicting previous descriptions that show a simple, bevelled end like a hypodermic needle. The function of the finger-like projections is speculative; they appear to be flexible and may serve to protect the hypopharynx from influx of blood or microorganisms, or control the flow of saliva. -
Zootaxa, Alloxytropus Bezzi (Diptera: Scenopinidae)
Zootaxa 1155: 41–50 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1155 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new species of Alloxytropus Bezzi (Diptera: Scenopinidae: Prora- tinae) from Israel SHAUN L. WINTERTON & PETER H. KERR California Department of Food & Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sac- ramento, California 95832-1448, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species of proratine window fly, Alloxytropus elias sp. nov., is described and figured from Israel. A key to species of Alloxytropus Bezzi is included. Key words: Systematics, Scenopinidae, Alloxytropus, Israel Introduction Scenopinidae are a cosmopolitan group of very small, dark flies (body size rarely greater than 5.0 mm) closely related to asiloid families Therevidae and Apsilocephalidae (Yeates & Wiegmann 2005). The family is divided into three subfamilies, Scenopininae, Caenotinae and Proratinae, although most window flies are placed in the subfamily Scenopininae with the rest being divided unevenly between Caenotinae and Proratinae. Caenotinae comprises a single genus, Caenotus Cole, with five species from the southwestern United States and Mexico (Cole 1923, Melander 1950, Nagatomi et al. 1994, Metz 2003). The subfamily Proratinae contains five genera: Prorates Melander, Caenotoides Hall and Acaenotus Nagatomi & Yanagida from North America, Jackhallia Nagatomi & Liu from Argentina and Alloxytropus Bezzi from the Palaearctic region (Melander 1906, Bezzi 1925, Hall 1972, Nagatomi et al. 1994). Recently an additional proratine-like genus, Cyrtosathe Winterton & Metz, was described from Namibia, representing a possibly intermediate taxon between the existing subfamilies (Winterton & Metz 2005). Prorates was originally described by Melander (1906) in Empididae and later placed in the subfamily Heterotropinae (Bombyliidae) (Melander 1928). -
TDR BCV SWG(4) 80.3 Eng.Pdf
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION TDR/BCV-SWG(4)/80.3 ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE ENGLISH ONLY UNDP/WORLD BANK/WHO SPECIAL PROGRAMME FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN TROPICAL DISEASES Geneva, 6-10 October 1980 FOURTH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORKING GROUP ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT VECTORS OF DISEASE CONTENTS SUMMARY •.•......••.••..••..••.....•......••....•.•..•••..••.•....•••.•..•. 2 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 2 :! • STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES . • . • • • • . • . • • . • . • • . • . • . • • . • • • • • . • • . • • . • . • 3 3. STRATEGIC PLAN • • . • • • • • . • . • . • • • • • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • • . • . 4 3.1 Biological Control Research . • • . • . • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • . 4 3.2 Development of a network of Scientists and Institutions .•...•.•...• 5 3. 3 Dissemination of Information........................................ 5 4. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE PLAN •..••••.••.•.•.•...••.• 6 4.1 Studies on Individual Control Agents ••.••...........•.........•.... 19 4.2 Studies 1n relation to Biological Control of Vectors in General •..• 20 5. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE THE PLAN •.••••.•.•.•.•••.•... 20 6. RELATED ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE PROGRAMME •.•.•..•..••.•.•••....•.••••.....• 20 7. PLAN OF ACTION . • • . • • . • • • . • . • • . • . • • • • • . • . • • • . • • . • . • . 21 7.1 Research and Development: Studies on Individual Control Agents .... 21 7.2 Research and Development: General Problems and Service Activities . -
Tsetse Fly Evolution, Genetics and the Trypanosomiases - a Review E
Entomology Publications Entomology 10-2018 Tsetse fly evolution, genetics and the trypanosomiases - A review E. S. Krafsur Iowa State University, [email protected] Ian Maudlin The University of Edinburgh Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, Genetics Commons, and the Parasitic Diseases Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ent_pubs/546. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tsetse fly evolution, genetics and the trypanosomiases - A review Abstract This reviews work published since 2007. Relative efforts devoted to the agents of African trypanosomiasis and their tsetse fly vectors are given by the numbers of PubMed accessions. In the last 10 years PubMed citations number 3457 for Trypanosoma brucei and 769 for Glossina. The development of simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms afford much higher resolution of Glossina and Trypanosoma population structures than heretofore. Even greater resolution is offered by partial and whole genome sequencing. Reproduction in T. brucei sensu lato is principally clonal although genetic recombination in tsetse salivary glands has been demonstrated in T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense but not in T. b. -
Chapter 5.2. Environment and the Sterile Insect Technique
CHAPTER 5.2. ENVIRONMENT AND THE STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE P. NAGEL AND R. PEVELING Department of Environmental Sciences / NLU-Biogeography, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland Email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 754 2. MASS-REARING AND STERILIZATION ................................................................................... 755 2.1. Mass-Rearing ....................................................................................................................... 755 2.2. Irradiation ............................................................................................................................ 756 2.3. Autosterilization ................................................................................................................... 757 3. SUPPRESSION OF TARGET POPULATION .............................................................................. 757 3.1. Overview .............................................................................................................................. 757 3.2. Insecticide Spraying ............................................................................................................. 758 3.2.1. Fruit Flies .............................................................................................................. 758 3.2.2. Tsetse Flies ............................................................................................................ -
A Taxonomic and Ecological Study of the Asilidae of Michigan
The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 8 Number 2 - Summer 1975 Number 2 - Summer Article 1 1975 June 1975 A Taxonomic and Ecological Study of the Asilidae of Michigan Norman T. Baker University of Minnesota Roland L. Fischer Michigan State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Baker, Norman T. and Fischer, Roland L. 1975. "A Taxonomic and Ecological Study of the Asilidae of Michigan," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 8 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol8/iss2/1 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Baker and Fischer: A Taxonomic and Ecological Study of the Asilidae of Michigan THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST A TAXONOMIC AND ECOLOGIC STUDY OF THE ASlLlDAE OF MICHIGAN Norman T. ~akerland Roland L. ~ischer~ ABSTRACT Seventy-two species of Asilidae have been recorded from Michigan. An additional seven which may occur are included. Keys to subfamilies, genera and species are given. Two subfamilies and twenty-five genera are represented. A discussion of specific identification, habitat, and distribution is given where possible. The Laphria canis complex, index complex, and aeatus complex are discussed. One new species, Laphria calvescenta is described. Laphria disparella has been raised from synonymy. Machimus virginicus was removed from Asilus sensu-latu and placed in the genus Machimus. -
African Trypanosomiasis
African Trypanosomiasis C. J. Mare, B. V.Sc., Ph.D., Disease Ecology in Arid Lands Program Department of Veterinary Science University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona African trypanosomiasis, also known as .. N agana", is an sickness" in man. These species both infect domestic acute or chronic infectious disease of domestic animals animals. Trypanosoma rhodesiense has a host range characterized by intermittent fever, anemia, edema, and similar to T. brucei; T. gambiense infects man and rapid loss of condition, often terminating in death. It is a pigs. collective term comprising infection with Trypanosoma 3. Trypanosoma vivax is monomorphic and large, congolense, T. vivax. The trypanosomes can complete their measuring 18-26 um by 3 um with a distinct flagellum. developmental cycle only in flies of the genus Glossina, the It is very active in fresh blood smears. Cattle, sheep, tsetse flies, but may be mechanically transmitted by other and goats are primarily affected; and it is less virulent hemophagous arthropods. for cattle than T. congolense. Dogs may undergo chronic infections. Trypanosoma uniforme is similar History and Distribution to T. vivax but smaller and causes a similar disease. Trypanosoma vivax readily persists in the absence of The Boer settlers in South Africa left accounts of the tsetse flies, for example in South America. It is the ravages of "Tsetse Disease" in 1836, and 1857, David main cause of Nagana in West Africa. Livingstone described the disease and incriminated the tsetse fly. Sir David Bruce ( 1894) showed that trypanosomes were Transmission the causative agents of the disease in ZuZuland. It was he who first publicized the name "Nagana", a Zulu term Probably all flies of the genus Glossina (tsetse flies) are meaning "to be in low or depressed spirits". -
The Public Trust Doctrine and the South African Environmental Jurisprudence
Tilburg University The rediscovery of the trusteeship doctrine in South African environmental law and its significance in conserving biodiversity in South Africa Blackmore, Andy Publication date: 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Blackmore, A. (2018). The rediscovery of the trusteeship doctrine in South African environmental law and its significance in conserving biodiversity in South Africa. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. okt. 2021 THE REDISCOVERY OF THE TRUSTEESHIP DOCTRINE IN SOUTH AFRICAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY IN SOUTH AFRICA PHD THESIS SCHOOL OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF TILBURG ANDREW CRAIG BLACKMORE The Rediscovery of the Trusteeship Doctrine in South African Environmental Law and its Significance in Conserving Biodiversity in South Africa PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University, op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.