The Anti-Humans
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Iiistoire Des
IIISTOIRE DES ET DE LA ROMANITÉ ORIENTALE PAR N. IORGA PUBLIÉE PAR L'ACADEMIE ROUMAINE VOL. x LES REALISATEURS DE L'UNITE NATIONALE SUIVI D'UN TABLEAU CHRONOLOGIQUE DES EVE- NEMENTS DES TROIS REGNES (1866-.1940 13UC AR ES T ''945 HISTOIRE ROU.-NiAINS ET DE LA ROMANITE ORIENTALE PAR N. IORGA PUBLIÉE PAR L'ACADÉMIE ROUMAINE VOL. x LES RÉALISATEURS DE L'UNITÉ NATIONALE SUIVI D'UN TABLEAU CHRONOLOGIQUE DES EVÉ- NEMENTS DES TROIS RÈGNES(1866-1940 PAR N. A. CONSTANTINESCU BUC A R ES T 1 9 4 5 N. Iorga VOLUME X LES RÉALISATEURS DE L'UNITÉ NATIONALE LIVRE PREMIER L'EFFORT POUR L'INDAPENDANCE CHAPITRE I LE CONFLIT AVEC LES PUISSANCES GARANTES En février 1866, les con.suls, qui voulaient se donner des airs de surveillants et de conseillers préts aux remontrances, furent surpris, malgré toutes leurs prévisions répétées, par le coup d'Etat contre Alexandre Jean I-er, que les Puis- sances considéraient alors comme le seul pouvant gouverner cette Roumanie d'où leur étaient venus tant de soucis. Alors que, devant la proclamation rédigée dans un style gonflé jusqu'au ridicule, le public de Bucarest, qui plus d'une fois par ses marchands et ses corporations s'était incliné de- vant le premier prince de la Roumanie unie, et maintenant restait impassible devant le violent changement, accompli par des hommes sans autre popularité que celle du clubrouge », on voyait s'installer unelieutenance » avec le général Go- lescu, qu'on avait presque oublié pendant les dernières an- nées, le colonel Hai alambie, qui ne s'était jamais distingué en rien, et, comme représentant de la Moldavie, Lascar Ca- targiu, un étranger à Bucarest. -
Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Against King Carol
Reluctant Allies? Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu against King Carol II of Romania Introduction Iuliu Maniu is today regarded as the principle upholder of democratic and constitutional propriety in interwar Romania. As leader of the Romanian National Peasant Party throughout much of the interwar period and the Second World War, he is generally considered to have tried to steer Romania away from dictatorship and towards democracy. Nevertheless, in 1947 Maniu was arrested and tried for treason together with other leaders of the National Peasant Party by the communist authorities. The charges brought against Maniu included having links to the ‘terrorist’ and fascist Romanian Legionary movement (also known as the Iron Guard). The prosecutors drew attention not only to the entry of former legionaries into National Peasant Party organizations in the autumn of 1944, but also to Maniu’s electoral non- aggression pact of 1937 with the Legionary movement’s leader, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. The pact had been drawn up to prevent the incumbent National Liberal government manipulating the elections of December 1937. Maniu had subsequently acted as defence a witness at Codreanu’s trial in 1938. 1 Since the legionaries were regarded by the communists as the agents of Nazism in Romania, Maniu was accordingly accused of having encouraged the growth of German influence and fascism in Romania.2 Maniu was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in Sighet prison in 1953. Possibly no single act of Maniu’s interwar career was more condemned within Romanian communist historiography than his electoral pact with the allegedly Nazi- 1 Marcel-Dumitru Ciucă (ed.), Procesul lui Iuliu Maniu, Documentele procesului conducătorilor Partidului Naţional Ţărănesc, 3 volumes, Bucharest, 2001, vol. -
The Legion of the Archangel Michael: the Past and Present Appeal of Decentralized Fascism
Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History & Classics Undergraduate Theses History & Classics Fall 2020 The Legion of the Archangel Michael: The Past and Present Appeal of Decentralized Fascism Andrew Bennet Gillen Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses Part of the Cultural History Commons, European History Commons, and the Political History Commons The Legion of the Archangel Michael: The Past and Present Appeal of Decentralized Fascism By Andrew Bennet Gillen HIS 490 History Honors Thesis Department of History Providence College Fall 2020 ii CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. NEW APPEAL ………………………………… 1 CHAPTER 1. IDEAOLOGY OF THE IRON GUARD……………...13 CHAPTER 2. FITTING IN: 1931-41…………………………………37 CONCLUSION. COMPARISONS……………………………………52 BIBLIOGRPAHY……………………………………………………...69 iii INTRODUCTION: NEW APPEAL In August of 2017, far right groups of the United States of America, such as the Proud Boys, Christogenea, Vanguard America, and the Global Crusader Knights, among others, gathered in an unprecedented fashion at Charlottesville, Virginia.1 These groups believed that they were given the power to avert the changes of more liberal forces in the country. One of the organizers of the event, Matthew Heimbach, wore a shirt depicting Corneliu Codreanu.2 Codreanu was the charismatic founder, and to some extent heart and soul, of the Legion of the Archangel Michael (LAM), or the Iron Guard, as it was frequently referred to in the English speaking world,the main fascist force in Romanian politics -
Roots of Romanian Antisemitism
BACKGROUND AND PRECURSORS TO THE HOLOCAUST Roots of Romanian Antisemitism The League of National Christian Defense and Iron Guard Antisemitism The Antisemitic Policies of the Goga Government and of the Royal Dictatorship The Roots of Romanian Antisemitism The roots of Romanian antisemitism are intertwined with the origins of the modern Romanian state and the emergence of the rich national cultural tradition that accompanied unification of the principalities, independence, and the creation of Greater Romania. The antisemitism that manifested itself in Romania between the two world wars grew directly from seeds sewn at the major turning points of the country’s development starting in the mid- nineteenth century. For reasons that may have differed from person to person or group to group, strong antisemitic currents were present in various forms and with varying intensity in the political, cultural and spiritual life of Romanian society for most of the century that preceded the accession to power of the National Christian Party in 1937, the installation of the Royal Dictatorship in 1938, and the Antonescu-Iron Guard National Legionary State in 1940—that is, for most of the century that culminated in the Holocaust. The antisemitic actions of that succession of governments drew inspiration from antisemitic themes that had entered the Romanian lexicon of ideas long before the 1930s and long before the Nazi rise to influence and then power in Germany. While each of these three governing configurations mixed the essential elements of widespread antisemitic concepts somewhat differently—leaning more or less heavily on certain themes, perhaps adding to native concepts notions adapted from non-Romanian antisemitic expression, and advocating sometimes greater and sometimes lesser violence to accomplish their goals—they all represented essential continuity with Romanian antisemitic ideas that had their origins in the pre-World War I era. -
Gud Er Fascist!
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Gud er fascist! Erkeengelen Mikaels Legions modernitet, mentalitet og mystikk Carl Petter Arbo Masteroppgave i Historie Det humanistiske fakultet Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 06.11.2015 II Gud er fascist! Erkeengelen Mikaels Legions modernitet, mentalitet og mystikk III © Carl Petter Arbo 2015 Gud er fascist! Erkeengelen Mikaels Legions modernitet, mentalitet og mystikk Gud er fascist er hentet fra legionæren I. P. Prudenis artikkel «Dumnezu e fascist» i den nasjonalistiske avisen Porunca Vremii i 1937. Carl Petter Arbo http://www.duo.uio.no/ Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Sammendrag Oppgaven er en ideologistudie av Romanias mest fremtredende fascistbevegelse, Erkeengelen Mikaels Legion, i perioden 1927-1938. For Legionens medlemmer, legionærene, var politikk og religion to sider av samme sak, og hvorvidt bevegelsen kan karakteriseres som et uttrykk for en religiøs fundamentalisme eller som en fascistbevegelse som uttrykte sin misnøye med det etablerte og sine totalitære ambisjoner i religiøse termer, er et sentralt spørsmål for oppgaven. Gjennom en kvalitativ og kvantitativ tilnærming og analyse av kildemateriale stilles det spørs- mål ved det komplekse idéinnholdet i legionærenes virkelighetsoppfatning. De ideologiske drivkreftene bak bevegelsens idégrunnlag spores tilbake til den nasjonale oppvåkningen på 1800-tallet, og det vises hvordan tankene fra denne perioden, i kombinasjon med en utbredt folkelig antisemittisme og kontemporære ultra-nasjonalistiske strømninger, innvirket på legio- nærenes tankesett og visjoner. Oppgaven har et overordnet totalitarismeperspektiv og søker å plassere Legionen inn i eksisterende teoretiske tilnærminger og begrepsforståelser. -
Biblioteca Campul Romanesc
Autor Titlu # vol Ro/En/Fr Gen A Bonnard Civilizatia greaca Ro A. Moga / I. Bruckner Medicina Interna I Ro Medicina Adolfo Bioy Casares Visind la eroi; Jurnalul din "Razboiul Porcului" Ro Adrian Maniu Versuri Ro Poezie Al O Teodoreanu Inter Pocula Ro Al Soljentin O zi din viata lui Ivan Denisovici Ro Al. Philippide Poezii Ro Poezie Alexandre Dumas Pierrot Ro Roman Alexandre Dumas Vicontele de Bracelonne Ro Roman Alexandre Dumas Vicontele de Bracelonne Ro Roman Alexandru Maier Am fost medic la gherla Ro Amalia Calin Mar ratacit: Poezii Ro Amalia Calin Ne An Ro Ana Maria Marin Destarati Ro Anastase Haciu Aromanii: comert, industrie, arte, expansiune Ro Andrei Otetea Scrieri Istorice Alese Ro Istorie Anton Pann Povestea vorbii Ro Avocat N Arnautu Noi si rusii Ro Boris Zdreciuc, Paul Petrescu, Tancred Arta populara in Romania Ro Arta Banateanu Calin Hentea, Laurentiu Sfintes Armata romana in misiuni de pace Ro Cicero Despre Indatoriri Ro Cornel Ungureanu La vest de Eden - O introducere in literatura exilului Ro D. Bacu Acolo sezum si plansem Ro Poezii D. Bacu Acolo sezum si plinsem Ro D. Bacu Aiud: Poezii Ro Dan Petrescu Tentatiile anonimatului Ro Dery Tibor Excomunicatorul Ro Roman Edgar Allan Poe Poezii si Poeme Ro Poezie Editura de stat Istoria si geografia Romaniei Ro Eduard Jurist Umor la Purtator Ro Umor Elena Vianu Oameni si idei Ro Eminescu - Veronica Micle Scrisori de dragoste Ro Filippo Baldinucci Viata lui Gian Lorenzo Bernini Ro Literatura Fr. De Motteville Memorii 3 Ro Francois Villon Balade si alte poeme Ro Francoise de Monteville Memorii despre Ana de Austria si Curtea sa Ro George Alexe Tarmul dinspre cer Ro George Uscatescu Memoria Padurii Ro Grigore Bajenaru Piatra Craiului Ro Hadrian Daicoviciu Dacii Ro Istorie Honore de Balzac Femeia la 30 de ani; Istoria celor treisprezece Ro Horia Ursu Alba Iulia Ro Istorie Horia Ursu Avram Iancu Ro Hristu Candroveanu Poeme aromane: Nithadz Ro Hristu Candroveanu Poeme aromane: Nithadz Ro I.L. -
T M U L 19 1966
sfuJi i REVISTAIDE I STORI F_ DR"Si lit Ni.\1 ( \ iII\1;It I \Il{" I. 19"1 VI" Tri on non \ PRI \ I 1 1N 11)1'1 )1,1H :1111)1,1;1 \CNIr,Ii. I j t" NIk17. 1,1;1 \T,1:1,(111 fttt\ s1/1!1'.11/1111 \11.\I!.2.,1! ! Itr.',Vi.H1! I 1()N L.11' \ I \ IFL\ N,V11()NAI. \ k() \I.\ \11 ' 11',! 1" (.411;%11.1 1111 1CZ)11111\j, .1){ \ `,1111t)(: \ PIA INDI.:r J:1\\ IAI.FA 1:1:ZA VIM\ CUZA VOID:\ IN U1I>TfltEA POP( lU It 1 It ).\1.AN LNIANriNC. T M U L 19 1966 EDIT URA ACADEMIEIwww.dacoromanica.ro REPUBLICHSOCIALISTEROMANIA COMITETUL DE REDACTIE Acad. A. OTETEA (redactor responsabil); EUGEN STXNESCU (redactor responsabil adjunct); acad. P. CONSTANTINESCU-IA5I ; acad. C. DA.ICOVICIU ; MIRON CONSTANTINESCU, L. BANYAI ; V. CHERESTESIU ; V. POPOVICI (inernbri); NICOLAE FOTINO (secretor de redac/ie) Pretul rtnui abonament anual este de 90 lei. In tiara abonamcntele se primesc la oficiile postale, agentiile postale, factorii postali si difuzorii voluntari de presil din intre- prinderisiinstitutii. Comenzile de abonamente din strilimitate (numere izolate sau abonamente) se fac prin CARTINIEN., eilsuta postabl 134 -133, Bucuresti, Republica Socialist:1 Romania, sau prin reprezentantii sal din strainalate. Manuscrisele, cartilegirevisLele pentru schimb, precumii once corespondentd se vor trimite pe adresa comitetului de redactie al revistei Studii" revistii de istorie. Apare de 6 on pe an. Adresa redactiei B-dul Aviatorilor nr. 1 Bucure§ti Telefon 18.25.86 www.dacoromanica.ro ahn REVISTAofISTORIE TOM 19 1966Nr. -
FIGHTING for FRANCO This Page Intentionally Left Blank FIGHTING for FRANCO International Volunteers in Nationalist Spain During the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39
FIGHTING FOR FRANCO This page intentionally left blank FIGHTING FOR FRANCO International Volunteers in Nationalist Spain during the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39 JUDITH K E E N E Foreword by Professor Gabriel Jackson hambledon continuum Hambledon Continuum A Continuum imprint The Tower Building, 11 York Road, London SE1 7NX 80 Maiden Lane, Suite 704, New York, NY 10038 First published in hardback 2001 First published in paperback 2007 © Judith Keene 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0-7185-0126-8 (hardback) ISBN 1-8528-5593-2 (paperback) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Keene, Judith, 1948- Fighting for Franco: international volunteers in nationalist Spain during the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 / Judith Keene; foreword by Gabriel Jackson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7185-0126-8 (hardbound) 1. Spain—History—Civil War, 1936-1939—Participation, Foreign. 2. Fascists. I. Title. DP269.45 .K44 2001 946.081—dc21 2001023395 Typeset by BookEns Ltd, Royston, Herts Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddies Ltd, King's Lynn Contents Foreword by Gabriel Jackson vi Maps of Spain ix Introduction 1 1. The historical context of the Spanish Civil War 18 2. English narratives about Franco's Spain 45 3. Not quite king and country: Franco's English-speaking volunteers 94 4. -
Radu Rosetti
Radu Rosetti (1853–1926), istoric, genealogist, scriitor, s-a născut la Iaşi, având strămoşi, din partea tatălui – logofătul Răducanu Rosetti –, doi dom nitori, Antonie Ruset şi Manole-Giani Ruset, iar din partea mamei pe Gri gore Alexandru Ghyka, care îi era bunic, ultimul domn al Moldovei de dinainte de unirea din 1859. Ca şi tatăl său, a studiat în Apus, însă în Franţa şi Elveţia, obţinând, în 1873, un bacalaureat în ştiinţe. Întors în ţară, silit de datorii, a trebuit să vândă o parte din proprietăţi şi să încerce, fără prea multă izbândă, o carieră în politică şi în administraţie. S-a căsătorit în 1876 cu Smaranda (Emma) Bogdan, cu care a avut patru co - pii: Radu, Henri, Eugeniu și Magdalena (dintre ei, generalul acad. Radu R. Rosetti rămâne până astăzi cel mai important istoric militar român). A fost prefect de Roman şi de Brăila, deputat în mai multe rânduri şi direc - tor al închisorilor. În cele din urmă, mânat şi de pasiunea pentru cercetări istorice, a ales să devină şef de arhivă în Ministerul Afacerilor Străine. Apariţia sa în viaţa literară s-a produs oarecum târziu, în 1904–1905, cu un roman istoric în foileton, publicat în Epoca, pe care Academia Română l-a şi pre miat în 1906: Cu paloşul. Au urmat alte volume de inspiraţie isto - rică: Păca tele sulgeriului (1912), Poveşti moldoveneşti (1920), Alte poveşti moldo - ve neşti (1921). Studiile şi articolele istorice, multe dintre ele fiind publicate în Ana lele Academiei Române, arată interesul lui Radu Rosetti pentru genealogie, istorie socială şi politică (Despre unguri și episcopiile catolice din Moldova (1905), Pământul, sătenii și stăpânii în Moldova (1907), Cum se cău - tau moșiile în Moldova la începutul veacului XIX: Condica de răfuială a hat ma - nului Rădu canu Roset cu vechilii lui pe anii 1798–1812 (1909), Acțiunea politicii rusești în Țările Române: Povestită de organele oficiale franceze (1914) etc. -
Revista Istorică
REVISTA ISTORICĂ SERIE NOUĂ TOMUL XXIV, NR. 3–4 mai – august 2013 S U M A R1 CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE ŞERBAN PAPACOSTEA, „Revista istorică” în întâmpinarea centenarului.............................. 207 STATALITATEA ROMÂNEASCĂ – FORMARE ŞI CONSOLIDARE ŞERBAN PAPACOSTEA, La începuturile statelor româneşti: putere, comerţ internaţional şi teritoriu............................................................................................................................ 211 CONFLICTE ŞI RĂZBOAIE – PERCEPŢII ŞI ABORDĂRI ÓSCAR RUIZ FERNÁNDEZ, The Portuguese Problem in the Spanish Diplomacy with Early Stuart England (1603–1625)............................................................................................ 225 MIRCEA-CRISTIAN GHENGHEA, “The Knot of the Danish Issue.” The 1864 Schleswig- Holstein War Reflected by the Romanian Press of the Time........................................... 243 FRANCESCO GUIDA, Războiul român de Independenţă şi Italia. Diplomaţia, opinia publică şi corespondenţa de război............................................................................................... 259 VADIM GUZUN, Transnistrian Autonomy: The Romanian Diplomatic and Security Perspective (1924)........................................................................................................... 269 REGIMUL COMUNIST – CONTROL ŞI INGERINŢE MIOARA ANTON, Guvernaţi şi guvernanţi. Rapoartele generale ale Sectorului Scrisorilor al CC al PMR (1948–1964) ...................................................................................................... -
Reacting to Hitler: Polish, Hungarian, Lithuanian, and Romanian Foreign Policy, 1933-1939 Geoffrey K
Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations Graduate Capstone Projects 2008 Reacting to Hitler: Polish, Hungarian, Lithuanian, and Romanian foreign policy, 1933-1939 Geoffrey K. Krempa Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/theses Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Krempa, Geoffrey K., "Reacting to Hitler: Polish, Hungarian, Lithuanian, and Romanian foreign policy, 1933-1939" (2008). Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations. 191. http://commons.emich.edu/theses/191 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Graduate Capstone Projects at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reacting to Hitler: Polish, Hungarian, Lithuanian, and Romanian Foreign Policy, 1933-1939 By Geoffrey K. Krempa Thesis Department of History and Philosophy Eastern Michigan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History with a concentration in Modern Europe Thesis Committee: Robert M. Citino, PhD, Chair Pamela Graves, PhD Ronald Delph, PhD July 15, 2008 Ypsilanti, Michigan For Mom and Dad ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In researching and writing this work, I would like to extend a much appreciated thank you to Drs. Robert Citino, Pamela Graves, and Ronald Delph, all of whom provided the guidance and encouragement necessary to bring this thesis to its conclusion. Without their advice, none of this would be possible. -
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RJHIS 4 (1) 2017 The Romanian Intellectual, Christian Orthodoxy, and Identity in connection to Iron Guardism Milad Doroudian* Abstract: As the second part of a two part series, this article explores the confluence of Romanian intellectual culture and the rise of fascism in the interwar period, with a distinct concentration on the particularity of Romanian identity and its transformation amid the changing rhetoric of plurinationality. Ultimately, the process by which a concrete Romanian identity was formed within the rhetoric of intellectuals was the result of elements of differing views of nationality, the Romanian peasantry, and Christian Orthodoxy, all of which were salient elements of Romanian society during the rise of extremists groups such as the Iron Guard. In this second part, I explore the way that the Jewish population and Jewish identity in Romania was used by intellectuals to define Romanian identity by positing that in fact it was the complete opposite of ‘Romanianism’ as it was defined by the rhetoric of the intelligentsia, which manifested itself in the rise of Iron Guard. The ideals of ‘race,’ and ‘ethnicity’ were therefore paradoxes for many Romanian thinkers and writers. Keywords: identity, intellectuals, Mihail Sebastian, Otto Weininger, Iron Guard * Milad Doroudian, a historian of the holocaust, is a graduate student at Simon Fraser University in B.C, Canada. He works as a journalist, has authored a book, and is currently the Senior Editor of The Art of Polemics Magazine. E-mail: [email protected] 7 Milad Doroudian RJHIS