Strategic Plan

Cowal & Trossachs Forest District Strategic Plan 2009-2013

Click here to begin Strategic plan 2009-2013

Contents

Introduction ...... 3 About Cowal & Trossachs Forest District...... 6

Section one: strategic context...... 12 Context...... 13 Strategic priorities for Cowal & Trossachs Forest District...... 14 Forest policy context...... 16

Section two: how Forest Enterprise Scotland contributes to the delivery of the Scottish Forestry Strategy...... 17 Key theme one: climate change...... 19 Key theme two: timber...... 23 Key theme three: business development...... 27 Key theme four: community development...... 32 Key theme five: access and health...... 37 Key theme six: environmental quality...... 41 Key theme seven: biodiversity...... 45

Section three: delivery and monitoring...... 52

Appendices:...... 55 Appendix one: supporting maps...... 56 Appendix two: evaluation of achievements (1999-2006) under previous strategic plan.....62 Appendix three: glossary for forest policy context diagram...... 75 Appendix four: local thematic plans, management plans and guidance notes...... 77 Appendix five: portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate...... 79

Using the document This document is principally intended to be read as an online publication and there are several hyperlinks linking readers to the Forestry Commission Scotland website for relevant publications. Please use the Microsoft Word ‘edit: find’ facility to search for specific words.

2 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Strategic plan 2009-2013 - Introduction

Introduction

Woodlands offer endless opportunities for health, enjoyment and learning

3 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Introduction

Cowal & Trossachs Forest District

Introduction The Scottish Forestry Strategy was launched in October 2006 as the Scottish Government’s framework for taking forestry forward through the first half of this century and beyond. This strategic plan defines how Forestry Commission Scotland, through its operating arm, Forest Enterprise Scotland, will implement the Scottish Forestry Strategy on that part of the national forest estate in Cowal & Trossachs Forest District. This is a five-year plan starting in 2009 and finishing in 2013.

This strategic plan will also provide direction for This plan has been amended to reflect the implementing a repositioning policy that will feedback from a formal consultation process ensure that the nature and distribution of the during 2008. The summarised consultation national forest estate better reflects its role responses and the Forest Enterprise Scotland and purpose. response are both available on the Forestry Commission Scotland website.

4 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Introduction

The strategic plan is divided into three sections:

Section one: strategic context Section three: delivery and monitoring This section explains how this strategic plan relates This section gives an overview of how Cowal to other Forestry Commission Scotland policies & Trossachs Forest District will effectively and and strategies, taking a lead from the Scottish efficiently deliver the strategic plan. It includes Forestry Strategy and the strategic plan for the sections on: national forest estate. • the operating principles that underpin all Forest Enterprise Scotland policies Section two: how Cowal & Trossachs • operations and activities Forest District contributes to delivery of the Scottish Forestry Strategy • delivery mechanisms, including repositioning the national forest estate This section describes the context and specific • the monitoring and implementation process actions that will be undertaken on the national forest estate in the district under each of the seven themes of the Scottish Forestry Strategy: Impact on environment and equality

• climate change The results of environment and equality and diversity impact assessments of the strategic plan • business development for the national forest estate, are available on • timber the Forestry Commission Scotland website with • community development contributions from each forest district. • access and health • environmental quality Review • biodiversity A review will take place towards the end of the period of delivery of the plan. If significant changes are made to the Scottish Forestry Strategy we will, if necessary, prepare a new strategic plan. The baseline figures detailed in the monitoring section of the strategic plan for the national forest estate will be updated and reported on annually, with contributions from each forest district.

5 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Introduction

About Cowal & Trossachs Forest District

The main feature of the district is its large variation, Natural environment from the flat, fertile areas of the Carse of Stirling in the east, through the scenic, forested landscapes Climate of the Trossachs to the west and the rugged, mountainous areas around Arrochar in the north The climate shows a marked variation from cool to the milder, coastal region of south Cowal. Maps and wet in the west to warmer and drier in of the district and the forest blocks are given in the east. appe. The district contains a wide variety of forest Rainfall is generally high, but particularly so in and woodland, with examples of: Cowal and the north of the Queen Elizabeth Forest Park. The range is 1,000 mm/yr to 2,500 mm/yr. • all the main types of site conditions (climate, soil, etc.) The Forestry Commission ecological site classification provides the climatic data used in • all the major forest types and forest management. The rate of change of climate forest management issues from west to east is fairly rapid. Wind speeds • the full range of ways in which people use forests are generally lower in the glens, but increase dramatically with increasing elevation and have Much of the district is in the Loch Lomond & The frequently exceeded 100 km/hr with peaks of Trossachs National Park, reflecting its outstanding nearly 150 km/hr on a 10-15 year return cycle. natural and cultural heritage. There is also a particularly long history of use and management of forests in Stirling and Argyll. This includes the historic use of native woodlands, such as the Rowardennan oakwoods to produce charcoal for smelting, and later to produce timber and bark under a coppice system. Equally, some of the earliest contemporary forest research plots were laid down at the Kilmun Arboretum in 1930.

6 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Introduction

About Cowal & Trossachs Forest District

Water Geology and landform Water is a significant feature of the district, with The district has two main geological types: a large number of inland water bodies (including • Upper Dalradian north of the Highland Boundary Loch Lomond, Loch Katrine and Loch Eck) and a Fault (part of the southern highland group). This is number of sea lochs (Loch Fyne, Loch Goil and mainly quartz mica schist, grit, slate and phyllite Loch Long). • Old red sandstone (Devonian) and non- The district also contains the catchments of a metamorphic conglomerates south number of major river systems, including the of the Highland Boundary Fault headwaters of the River Forth, the northern catchment of the Endrick Water, the western The solid geology is overlain in most areas by catchment of Loch Tay and the northern boundary glacial deposits i.e. usually a mixed layer of sands, of the Firth of Clyde. Watercourses are important gravel and boulders. The geology of the area has a aspects of the economy of Stirling and Argyll, strong influence on the fertility of soils. including hydroelectric generation, fisheries, tourism, flooding, public and private water Soils supplies. A map of water catchments in the district The district contains all the major Scottish soil is available in Appendix one. types - brown earths, podzols and ironpans, gleys The rivers and lochs are also very important for and peats. Most forests contain an array of soil conservation. Special features include the rich types, often occurring in complexes which cannot diversity of fish species, relatively undisturbed be mapped at a strategic scale. riverside habitats and aquatic species of national significance, such as lamprey and powan.

7 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Introduction

About Cowal & Trossachs Forest District

Landscape These areas vary according to factors such as The landscape is diverse and can be divided into physical scale, the main types of woodland the following regional character areas: and agriculture, settlement patterns, building and historic features and natural heritage. The • hill and upland glen associations landscape is of very high appeal for both locals and • parallel ridges, e.g. Menteith Hills visitors. This asset underpins the tourist industry and Drum of Clashmore and contributes to the quality of life for local residents. Forests are a key component of some of • hill/glen/loch complexes, e.g. The these cherished landscapes, such as The Trossachs Trossachs and Loch Ard basin and Ardgoil, but some past plantings under • glen/strath basins, e.g. Gleann Croe/Gleann Mor different national priorities do require amendment • settled glen/strath, e.g. Callander, to integrate better with the surrounding land. Aberfoyle and Crianlarich Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park • highland loch basins lies entirely in the district. There are additionally national scenic areas at Loch Lomond, The • moorland, e.g. Braes of Doune Trossachs and Kyles of Bute. There are also • farmland with estates extensive areas of great landscape value and • forested and farmed moss with estates, several important designed landscapes (part of e.g. Lake of Menteith, Flanders Moss the site at Benmore is on Forestry Commission Scotland land). • lowland loch basin, e.g. Lower Loch Lomond • Cowal Ridges, i.e. eastern section of Cowal peninsula Biodiversity The diverse environment gives rise to high nature • Loch Fyne i.e. southern shore of Loch Fyne conservation value in the district. Conservation is implemented using a range of plans for special sites and by following good conservation in the forest in general. Conservation management often involves partnership working with other agencies and owners.

8 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Introduction

About Cowal & Trossachs Forest District

Cultural environment • scheduled monuments: there are two sites, a prehistoric chambered cairn at North Otter and a miniature Clyde cairn at Creag Bhreac (Corlarach) Historical context • unscheduled monuments: there are 370 known The historical factors that have shaped the district sites, ranging from farm ruins of various vintages are typical for much of Scotland: to Second World War military emplacements

• deforestation started as long as 6,000 years • native/ancient woodland: this would once ago with much of the forest gone by the Iron have occupied much of the land below Age and only ±5% cover left by 1500 AD 700m, but was removed, largely as a result of grazing, and now only constitutes 6.2% • a rural population at relatively high of the land area (10% of the forest area) densities for most of the last 500 years • development of the estate system, followed • heritage trees: Kilmun Arboretum is of national by rapid rural depopulation in the 18th importance due to the number of tree species and 19th centuries with the introduction of (162 of which still survive) and the only block sheep farming and then sporting activities planted collection of trees in the UK • expansion of plantation forests began • remarkable trees: some of the largest trees in in the 17th and 18th centuries with a Scotland are found at Benmore in Cowal rapid increase in the 20th century • during the 20th century, recreation Demographics and tourism became important The resident population in the district is low relative to the visitors the area receives, and is These developments have resulted in a mixed mainly concentrated in the east and south of rural economy of farmland, forest, moorland and the district. mountain which underpins the economy, as well The total population in the national park is as the landscape appeal of the area. This diverse 15,600, but there are some large towns close to ownership and management means we must work the boundaries, such as Alexandria, Dumbarton, with neighbours and multiple stakeholders to Stirling, Dunoon, Helensburgh and Greenock. achieve our objectives and partnership working Edinburgh and Glasgow are around a one hour has been an integral part of what we do. drive and combined with communities across central Scotland have a population of more than Heritage two million (Map Point 2004, Tourism Research The heritage interest in the district encompasses Company (TRC)). Within a two-hour drive, the historic settlements, past land use and the trees catchment population increases to over and woodlands themselves. Examples include: four million.

9 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Introduction

About Cowal & Trossachs Forest District

Economy The Forestry Commission has had an open access policy for walkers for several decades, and more recently for cyclists and horse-riders. With Employment part of the district designated as Scotland’s first national park, the popularity and importance of Timber production generates a significant number the area for recreation and tourism will continue of jobs across the region, particularly in rural areas. to expand. The Scottish Outdoor Access Code This includes jobs in the forest such as planting (2006) and the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 and felling through timber haulage to processing have placed greater emphasis on recreation, and destinations, such as sawmills and pulp mills. Allied the requirements of this legislation have been jobs created from the multiple benefits generated incorporated into working practices. from forests in the district – such as the tourism and recreation sectors - are difficult to evaluate and quantify, but are significant elements of the Renewable energy rural economy and support other rural services We will support proposals for appropriate such as schools and shops. renewable energy projects on the national forest estate. There may also be potential for small- scale windfarm projects (particularly those with Tourism opportunities for local community investment) The district has a long history of public recreation: and hydro schemes, which will be identified using assessment tools being developed by the Forestry • Argyll Forest Park is the oldest in Commission. The best of these will be taken the UK, formed in 1935 forward for development over the coming years, • Queen Elizabeth Forest Park was formed in 1953 subject to the appropriate public planning process. • Scotland’s first national park – Loch Lomond The woodfuel market is developing and, where & The Trossachs – was designated in 2002 existing commitments allow, we will help facilitate market growth and emerging woodfuel enterprises. Recreational use of forests and adjacent open hill We will also continue to grow our local firewood has continually expanded because of the district’s sales, both direct to customers and through local proximity to central Scotland and its position as firewood businesses. a ‘gateway’ to the Highlands. Large numbers of tourists from overseas also visit the area.

10 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Introduction

About Cowal & Trossachs Forest District

Forest resource Types of forest and tree species Most of the forest is plantation (about 88%) with 12% (approximately 4700 ha) native woodland. Extent and distribution The most widespread species is Sitka spruce The district extends from Tyndrum in the covering just over 64% of the forest area (35% for north to Balloch in the south and from the district). Other common species are larches at Stirling in the east to Tighnabruaich in the 6% (3% for the district), Norway spruce at 4% (2% west. All Forestry Commission Scotland for the district) and birch at 4% (2% for the district). forests in the Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park are in the district boundary. Due to the past intensity of land management, ancient semi-natural woodland occupies only 7% The nature of the forest composition varies of the woodland area on the national forest estate across this large geographic area – from the pine in the district. However, a further 8% is classed as plantations on the raised bogs on the Carse of plantation established on ancient woodland sites, Stirling, through the older mixed conifer forests most of which will be restored to native woodland. around Aberfoyle and Glenbranter to the oak forests on Loch Lomondside and the Atlantic oakwoods in Cowal. A map of land capability Productive forestry age classifications is available in Appendix one. The peak in new planting occurred between the The total district area is 69245 ha, of which 1960s and the 1980s; very little new planting 37679 ha (54%) is forest. This comprises has been carried out in the last 20 years. Over 27406 ha of spruce, 5521 ha of other time, restructuring will result in a more even age conifer and 4752 ha of broadleaves. distribution by staggering the felling of the original forest and varying the rotation length of the replanted trees. Continuous cover forestry systems and areas designated for long term retention will significantly increase the proportion of older trees in the forest as a whole.

11 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Strategic plan 2009-2013 - Section one

Section one: strategic context

Scottish forestry is helping to make a sustainable contribution to Scotland’s economy.

12 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section one

Section one: strategic context

Context

The context in which this plan will be delivered has been set by the success in delivering the previous strategic plan over the past seven years. That plan, published in 2001, included a wide range of local targets set against the national priorities identified in the previous version of the Scottish Forestry Strategy (published in 2000). These are summarised in Appendix two. Overall, progress has been made on a wide range of • all local forests are covered by a long-term forest activities over the last seven years with the following plan and work flowing from these is now creating key outcomes: landscape improvements and enhancements to nature conservation and heritage sites • partnership working is now an integral part of our work and has brought considerable success e.g. East • the forest plans have also underpinned planned Loch Lomond Access Forum, The Great Trossachs harvesting of the timber resource and the proposals Forest, Benmore Trilogy for replanting • community engagement has grown and several • increasing use of long-term contracts has helped communities are actively engaged in the bring security to contractors and timber customers management of their local forests e.g. Callander, over what has been the most difficult period for the Gartocharn, Lochgoilhead timber market in the history of Scottish forestry • between 2000 and 2005, a £3 million European • a significant area of the district would lie in the Loch funding package helped improve and build new Lomond & The Trossachs National Park. We engaged path networks, visitor facilities and interpretation at with the interim body from an early stage in its 26 key sites across the Argyll and Queen Elizabeth designation to involve our staff in the forest design Forest Parks plan process for many of the park’s iconic views • in 2002, the district agreed to lease for 25 years • the proportion of the district devoted to continuous to Scottish Power an area of land at Cruach Mhor cover forestry (where the next generation of trees in Glendaruel suitable for the construction of a regenerates under the canopy of the existing trees) windfarm. The windfarm is now fully operational has increased to nearly one tenth of the total forest and successfully generating 25 Mw of power area, and local skill and knowledge in this type of per annum management is growing • the forests have been accredited as meeting the UK Much remains to be done and new challenges arise Woodland Assurance Standard of sustainable forest out of the revised Scottish Forestry Strategy and the management following rigorous external audits in demands of our stakeholders. The proposals for 2001, 2004 and 2006 responding to these and building on the successful implementation of the previous strategic plan are detailed in Section two. 13 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section one

Strategic priorities for Cowal & Trossachs Forest District

District vision Safeguarding national forestry treasures The emphasis put on each part of the vision will A number of sites in the district have a high vary across the district and over time. Maintaining cultural, landscape, conservation or recreation an up-to-date knowledge of priorities for resource value (e.g. Puck’s Glen, Rowardennan oakwoods, allocation will require regular and meaningful Kilmun arboretum, Strathyre Forest). These sites engagement across the range of stakeholders. The will be managed in a way that preserves and Regional Forestry Forum will have an increasingly enhances their special qualities. important role in this respect.

Delivering forestry for people and rural District priorities development benefits where people live and work The main priority is to practice sustainable forest management, one of the fundamental Consultation with stakeholders will help operating principles outlined in Forest Enterprise ensure that the national forest estate Scotland’s national strategic plan. This is based is continuing to deliver the benefits to on implementation of a range of important forest users and those who depend on the standards and best practice national guidelines, forest to improve their quality of life. such as Forestry Commission forests and water guidelines and legislation such as the Health and Managing landscape scale core areas for Safety Act. Our performance is externally audited threatened species and habitats against the Forest Stewardship Council-approved Threatened species and habitats will be UK Woodland Assurance Standards. Our Forest identified and measures to restore and enhance Stewardship Council certification provides third habitats will be incorporated into the planning party confirmation that our forests are well- process (e.g. red squirrel stronghold in Cowal, managed. We are firmly committed to retaining black grouse habitat enhancement). the high standards required by the UK Woodland Assurance Standard. This requires us to deliver a baseline of good Retaining sufficient timber production potential practice in all our work. However, local to facilitate market stability and development circumstances and opportunities mean that there As part of the wider restructuring of the original are a number of areas where we can also make a conifer forest, timber production will continue to significant contribution to the national delivery be one of the key objectives of most forest design against the Scottish Forestry Strategy: plans, underpinned by an expanded thinning programme and restocking with improved planting stock.

14 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section one

Strategic priorities for Cowal & Trossachs Forest District

Using acquisition/disposal, partnerships and Sustaining sufficient regional presence to other arrangements to generate greater scale exercise policy development, exemplar and and pace of change leadership roles Forests with low scores from portfolio analysis We will continue to take part in all aspects of will be assessed for opportunities to improve their forest management throughout the district, non-market and/or economic performance. If this seeking representation on appropriate groups is not possible, they will be considered for sale and offering advice to policy makers in local and to release money for recycling to other key work regional government. We will also take the lead areas, including new acquisitions. in the demonstration of best practice in a range of activities (e.g. landscape scale native woodland creation at Loch Katrine, road construction in the Trossachs national scenic area). The district contains a large and diverse range of forests and communities, with a wide range of management options. We will deliver an appropriate balance of economic, environmental and social outputs from each forest through active stakeholder engagement in long-term forest planning. We will utilise these long-term forest plans and management approach to provide exemplars of multi-benefit forestry and demonstrate how sustainable forest management is delivered on the ground.

15 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section one

Forest policy context

The national strategic plan describes the strategic and operational context; monitoring framework and implementation proposals that guide the district plan. The components of the delivery of the district strategic plan are indicated in the forest policy context diagram below. A glossary describing elements of the forest policy context diagram is contained in Appendix three.

Scottish Forestry Strategy UK Forestry Standard 2006 – 2015

Forest Enterprise Scotland POLICIES Forestry Commission framework document guidelines and policies 2008 – 2013

Strategic plan for the UK Woodland national forest estate Assurance Standard 2009 - 2013

Cowal & Trossachs Forest Indicative forestry strategies District Strategic Plan Forestry frameworks Regional 2009 – 2013 Forestry Forum

Forest plans Thematic plans 10 year plans in e.g. biodiversity, thinning 20 – 30 year frameworks Review

Work plans Monitoring Site specific plans for projects planned up to 2 years in advance of implementation Work programme

PLANNING Business plan Action Rolling 3 year plan

16 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Strategic plan 2009-2013 - Section two

Section two: how Cowal & Trossachs Forest District contributes to the delivery of the Scottish Forestry Strategy

Scotland’s forests and woodlands are helping support many rural communities and businesses.

17 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Section two: how Cowal & Trossachs Forest District contributes to the delivery of the Scottish Forestry Strategy

Context The issues identified below are arranged under the seven key national themes of the Scottish Forestry Strategy, with analysis and evaluation of their local context. The strategy identifies three outcomes, twelve headline objectives and sixty-nine detailed objectives. Only the most relevant objectives and main local issues are included to reflect the strategic nature of this plan.

In identifying issues, we seek to identify key things the international trade in timber as a limiting we can influence. This requires an analysis of our factor because this may not be immediately operating environment, with consideration of obvious. In contrast, we do not mention the details problems and limiting factors. If it is appropriate, of silvicultural improvement when identifying this analysis will sometimes be summarised in the thinning as an issue as we feel these will be plan. For example, in considering our operating assumed intuitively e.g. thinning improves crops. environment for timber, we include mention of

18 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme one: climate change

Climate change is both an opportunity and a threat to forestry. It is a primary consideration for sustainable forest management and the wood-using sectors, and a cross-cutting issue with links to all other key themes.

Renewable energy Many of the forests contain opportunities for We will continue to make suitable sites available for contributing towards national targets for renewable projects (particularly those with opportunities for local energy. They occupy exposed upland areas community investment) and work positively with with good potential for wind energy. A number potential developers in all fields of renewable energy. of significant watercourses suitable for hydro- Several of the forests in the district outside the electric generation flow through the forests. national park occupy exposed upland areas with However, statutory designations on landscape good potential for wind energy, but the Argyll & Bute and conservation reduce the number of potential Council modified finalised draft local plan contains a opportunities - any opportunities identified will presumption against large scale windfarms on these have to comply with planning legislation including areas. There is support for small and medium wind the public consultation process and Forestry renewable energy projects in the park, although Commission Scotland’s policy on woodland removal. there is currently a planning presumption against There are many opportunities for the district to large-scale windfarms generating over 20MW. When contribute towards existing and future renewable any proposal is identified we, or the developer, will energy targets. At present, there is a working 25 MW engage with and take account of stakeholder interest. wind farm in the forest at Cruach Mhor, Cowal. The development of a woodfuel market in the area is seen as a priority. This would reduce the transport of timber and also create opportunities for businesses in the district to move towards using this form of energy.

19 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme one: climate change

Adapting to climate change We also need to identify and develop sustainable Climate change is a massive and complex issue, management practices for our operations, and the guidance on likely impacts will almost buildings and travel covering issues such as energy certainly evolve over time. It is extremely difficult conservation, type of fuel used, types of vehicle to evaluate the impact of climate change on the purchased, etc. future growth and health of all forest species at a national level, let alone a local level. Flood and catchment management Current research is modelling adaptive measures The potential role of forestry in sustainable flood e.g. the most recent guidance from Forest Research management and wider river basin management suggests that there may be an impact on our local is being explored through the preparation of river forests with regard to species choice. This is based on basin management plans. The process is a key predicted increases in seasonal temperatures, greater element of the EU water framework directive, rainfall and more severe storm events. The impact which aims to achieve good ecological and on native woodland and open ground habitats is chemical status for most waters by 2015. also unknown, but expanding and enhancing habitat Increased rainfall can lead to a corresponding networks will be an important step to creating more increase in flooding, soil erosion and landslip. robust and responsive ecosystems. Riparian woodland enhancement and expansion Provenance selection within our major species is will have a role in improving flood and catchment likely to become a more important issue, as will management, though this will obviously be a the need to monitor the potential implications for long-term and supplementary measure. Recent species selection arising from pests, diseases and policy on the control of woodland removal will competitors responding to climate change. Until also be followed, as will emerging guidance on the such a time as clear guidance emerges, we will need management of steep slopes. to adopt a precautionary principle on maintaining and enhancing diversity of tree species and forest structure when long-term forest plans are prepared. Carbon sequestration There may also be some changes in the behaviour Carbon sequestration can be increased by adopting of certain key species e.g. bird nesting activity low impact silvicultural systems (continuous cover may start earlier in the year, which can have forestry). These are being developed in the district implications for our management activities. leading to a greater use of natural regeneration and Opportunity for species to migrate will also be an longer rotations. There is also potential for acquiring important safeguard for the future and will require land in the lowland parts of the district, where the the development of appropriate habitat networks carbon gains from new woodland may be greatest to develop this. on these more fertile, low carbon soils – particularly where the crops are managed to produce timber for building or furniture.

20 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme one: climate change

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Renewable energy

Continue to give appropriate support to companies exploring the potential for wind energy schemes. A project for Corlarach is already in the planning system and we will C&T make sure that community, environmental and planning considerations are given 1.01 full priority for other potential sites on Cowal peninsular. Only small and medium- scale schemes will be encouraged in the national park (less than 20 MW).

Discuss with Dounans Outdoor Centre, Aberfoyle, the small-scale hydro scheme C&T being proposed in East Achray to supply power to the centre. Other small- 1.02 scale schemes will be encouraged, where appropriate, in the national park.

Develop the infrastructure required to provide woodfuel heating for David Marshall Lodge. We will commit to supply, if required, round timber for the C&T woodfuel heating projects at the national park office at Balloch and Gartmore 1.03 House, Aberfoyle. We would expect to be involved in the supply of timber to the proposed combined heat and power plants at Sandbank, Dunoon and a further one in the Stirling area, which is at the early stages of planning.

Adapting to climate change

Plant more resilient species as climate change decision support tools become available. C&T In the meantime, we will use the Forest Research environmental site classification system 1.04 and habitat network modelling when determining species choice at site level. Detailed local guidance on species selection for native trees and shrubs will be used at site level.

C&T Identify opportunities in existing forests and potential 1.05 acquisitions for improving habitat networks.

C&T Increase the use of windthrow prediction tools in forest design 1.06 planning to help schedule harvesting operations.

21 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme one: climate change

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Flood and catchment management

C&T Apply Forestry Commission forests and water guidelines 1.07 during planning and operational activities.

Work with partners to implement appropriate catchment management plans and contribute to the development of sustainable flood alleviation schemes in the district. C&T We will further enhance and develop appropriate riparian woodland networks 1.08 particularly in Achray, Loch Ard and Strathyre forests, and work closely with Scottish Water during the implementation of the Katrine Project. We will implement the early steps of the Glen Croe report, and undertake a similar report for the Ptarmigan area.

Carbon sequestration

Increase the woodland cover by some 2,000 ha in the 9,595 ha we now managed C&T at Loch Katrine, and we will seek to create new woodlands on appropriate land as 1.09 opportunities arise, either by purchasing land or by working in partnership with others.

22 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme two: timber

An informed, vibrant and competitive wood processing sector in Scotland is vital to maximise market opportunities for the growing volume of timber reaching maturity. It is vital that growers produce predictable quantities and qualities of timber that meet market needs to sustain continued investment in efficient processing capacity and to realise the carbon benefits from greater use of timber in construction.

Timber supply Although this is an industry-wide issue, the Many of the steeper sites are very marginal national forest estate has a crucial role in providing economically, as well as being sensitive to a ‘bedrock’ supply. Our current production harvesting operations. Work must be done to find forecasting system is fairly reliable for predicting technical solutions to operate in these areas, both timber supply from clearfelling, but less accurate to release timber volume, and to prevent for thinning, particularly in areas designated for site damage. continuous cover forest management. Good progress has been made with long-term Timber marketing is led at a national level and the harvesting and timber supply contracts, which have location of our main markets means that much provided some security in a turbulent period. As of our product travels outside the district for a result, although some local contractors have left processing. However, we have some key customers the industry, many have still continued to re-invest neighbouring to the district on long-term contracts in their businesses. (Callander’s of Falkirk and Wilson’s of Ayr), and we also supply smaller contracts to markets for timber local to the district such as Riding’s of Cardross and Cramb of Gargunnock.

23 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme two: timber

Timber quality Hardwood timber Most if not all of the existing forests in the district There is a significant area of broadleaved woodland are on sites that can produce good timber quality, in the district. Management of these areas has to-date but the range of species, provenance, density largely focussed on restoring (through removal of and final spacing will be vital for areas being non-native tree and shrub species) with subsequent conventionally restocked. Distribution of conifer expansion through planned natural regeneration. In species and selection of correct origins (including some instances, planting or restocking with improved improved stock) will follow sound silvicultural material has taken place. practice to provide a quality growing stock to take Perth and Argyll Conservancy recently undertook a advantage of our climatic conditions. In continuous review of how existing stands of broadleaved trees cover areas, appropriate densities of natural across the region have been managed and how they regeneration will also be critical. should be managed in future to produce quality hardwood timber. The district has two demonstration Timber transport sites in this review, at Loch Eck and Strathlachlan. Timber transport is a key issue due to the While quantities produced may be small in terms of placement of our markets. We work closely with the total production of the district, values can often owners, merchants and hauliers in the Argyll be relatively high. Currently the market for hardwood and the Stirling/Tay Timber Transport Groups to timber is poorly developed, though it is clear that improve forest access and reduce the quantity adequate demand does exist. Productive management of road miles taken by the timber through the of these woodlands will therefore depend on construction of strategic haul routes and the developing suitable local markets. increased use of sea transport. Despite these efforts the costs of the supply chain are still a significant Timber in construction issue. We have to work co-operatively with other parts of the supply chain to achieve market We will make sure that any new Forestry placement for our products and maintain margins Commission Scotland buildings in the district for everyone in the chain. utilise a high proportion of sustainably produced and, where possible, local timber in construction, The development of Portavadie and Sandbank and utilise woodfuel and other low emission piers has greatly increased the volume of timber technologies. Through our involvement with the leaving Cowal by sea and it is hoped that this will National Forest Land Scheme, we have been able to continue to rise as the facilities are improved over work with housing associations, architects and local the next few years. communities to help promote similar standards, but there remains more that can be done to maximise the use of timber in local construction projects.

24 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme two: timber

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Timber supply

C&T Work at a GB level to improve production forecasting and forest 2.01 planning systems for thinning and continuous cover treatments.

Produce a district forecast of timber production and match those predictions (currently C&T at 225,000 m3 per annum) in subsequent marketing plans, continuing with processes 2.02 such as long term contracts and competent contractor status to provide security. We will continue to provide small volumes of timber at appropriate rates to local businesses.

Timber quality

C&T Establish new and re-stocked woodlands with timber production as an 2.03 objective in line with national guidance at a density of 2,500 trees/ha.

C&T Implement log quality developments into the production forecast system. 2.04

C&T Seek to assist Forest Research as the need grows to support silvicultural 2.05 management and other crop improvement work.

Timber transport

Work with the Argyll and Stirling/Tay Timber Transport Groups to develop C&T solutions that minimise the impact of timber haulage on communities and 2.06 fragile infrastructure, such as the construction of the Dunoon haul route.

C&T Continue to support the development of sea and rail 2.07 transport through the timber transport groups.

C&T Support the deployment of techniques designed to reduce the impact of timber 2.08 haulage on infrastructure, such as use of the roadtrain on the Hoish haul route.

25 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme two: timber

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Hardwood timber

C&T Increase the area of broadleaved woodland on the national 2.09 forest estate from the current 7% to around 21%.

Manage the two demonstration plots at Loch Eck and Strathlachlan to C&T demonstrate hardwood timber production. Opportunities will be taken to 2.10 thin native woodland stands to stimulate the regeneration phase.

C&T Aim to achieve 1% of the national forest estate growing 2.11 productive quality broadleaves by 2050.

C&T Incorporate hardwood timber production into the production 2.12 forecast using the best available data.

Timber in construction

Specify sustainability measures in all building tenders. The new Go C&T Ape reception building will include a wood-fired boiler, which will 2.13 heat the David Marshall Lodge as well as the new building.

Specify sustainability measures in all building tenders. The Go Ape C&T building will have a minimal carbon footprint, and will showcase the 2.14 versatility and durability of timber as a building material.

26 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme three: business development

The forests in the district have a large impact on the attractiveness of the area for people to live, work and enjoy. There is a need to continue to improve the landscape quality of the forests and other land of the national forest estate. As a major land manager, we are in a unique position to provide support for local businesses that seek to use land to diversify income and provide rural employment, either through forestry work or through the much larger tourism industry.

Skills the area including the David Marshall Lodge, which There is a continuing need to develop staff and we manage. But one of the main reasons that visitors contractor skills to meet new challenges or improve come is because of the fantastic scenery and the performance in current activities. The widening range opportunities for outdoor recreation. The forests of demands on the national forest estate require us we manage are a significant part of the scenery and to improve our knowledge of what to grow, where provide many recreation facilities. We also see the to grow it and how to grow it (silviculture) and to development of forest recreation and tourism as a key help the wider community increase the benefits area to increase income. This may be in partnership they derive. There is also a need to develop Modern with local entrepreneurs or local communities, to Apprenticeships and engage with secondary school maximise the benefits and make sure that resources pupils to attract new entrants to the forest industry. are generated to help maintain facilities. Recreation facilities at Queen Elizabeth Forest Park, Argyll Forest Park, Callander Woodland and Corlarach Tourism Forest near Dunoon will be the highest priority, with a With the whole of the Loch Lomond & The Trossachs focus on improving quality and interpretation rather National Park in the district , tourism is a mainstay than creating new facilities. Projects will be developed of the local economy and generates significant to look at long-term improvements to David Marshall income. There are a number of major attractions in Lodge and Ardgartan visitor centres.

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Key theme three: business development

Income diversification forest estate that do not contribute well to our It is important that we seek non-timber sources delivery of objectives as set out in the Scottish of income that are appropriate, sustainable and Forestry Strategy. This will form part of a national provide a direct support to the local community. repositioning programme to purchase bare land Diversification of income is vital to protect to create: programmed development in other areas. New • new woodlands to support the Scottish opportunities should be identified and tested. This Government targets on expanding the woodland requires engagement with stakeholders to make resource to cover 25% of Scotland’s area by 2050 sure that proposals are well thought through and that long-term relationships can be developed. We • new native woodlands are operating successfully with a number of small • woodlands near Scotland’s towns and cities businesses generating income at a level carefully as part of Forestry Commission Scotland’s calculated to allow the business to grow, while woodlands in and around towns initiative providing a fair remuneration to the district. A portfolio analysis has been carried out to There are also other potential uses of the national determine the relevant current values of the estate forest estate, in appropriate locations and subject across Scotland. The district analysis is provided to planning requirements, that can generate in Appendix five. From this analysis low scoring significant sums of money in any year, e.g. for areas will be further assessed on their potential for energy generation, communication masts and improvement before a decision is finally reached mineral rights. for disposal. Income is also gained from the sale of venison, and We will discuss all potential sale candidates with from day permit stalking and stalking leases. We local community councils and regional forestry assess these frequently to maximise income, while forums to make sure that no woodlands are sold still attaining adequate deer control. Public interest without a fair and open consultation process. We in natural foodstuff and material is on the increase will use portfolio analysis to explain the reasons for and the sale of fungi and other non-timber forest selecting all woodlands offered for sale. All selected products when appropriate should be explored. woodlands will be offered for sale through the The national forest estate has been built up over National Forest Land Scheme before being put on a long period, and under a succession of different to the open market. policies. It is essential that the estate continues We will give preference to those sites that address to meet our objectives, which often means the the majority of themes and will be justified through acquisition of land in new locations. It is expected a land transaction appraisal. This will also take into that the majority of acquisitions will be funded account potential impacts on existing biodiversity by the sale of those portions of the national and heritage value of areas being considered for purchase.

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Key theme three: business development

Contribution to rural development Efficient land management means that we aim There are some very successful existing examples to meet our management objectives for the on the tourism side, e.g. Go Ape and Quadmania, best possible value for money, while maximising and the local economy derives significant benefits our income-generating potential. We do not from recreational visits to the forests. There are also provide direct support to rural businesses, but will a number of smaller (often local) timber customers endeavour to consider and provide opportunities who provide niche market opportunities, such that will assist businesses and the local economy. as firewood merchants and permissions for We can provide business opportunities but, where collecting firewood. There is potential for further there is potential for competition, we have to development in our support for local businesses, make sure that there is fair and open process for but we will have to manage this carefully to match developing these opportunities. staff resource to likelihood of success of proposals.

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Key theme three: business development

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Skills

C&T Promote continuous improvements to the safety culture in the sector, 3.01 by exhibiting best practice on the national forest estate.

Identify skill shortages and organise suitable training to improve delivery of our work C&T and to achieve the required safety standards in all operations. We will continue to 3.02 employ only contractors that meet the required levels of skill and competency.

C&T Continue to offer work experience opportunities to 14 -16 year olds to learn more 3.03 about forestry.

C&T Take part in the Modern Apprenticeship scheme as resources become available. 3.04

C&T Continue to develop links with the education sector through attending 3.05 and working with the local Forest Education Initiatives.

Tourism

Increase the area of forest managed using low impact silvicultural systems, improving C&T the contribution of woodlands to the scenic value of the local landscapes. Our 3.06 long-term goal is to manage approximately 4000 ha of forest area in this way.

Continue to work with partners to develop new projects and deliver on their C&T objectives. We will seek additional resources to carry out required improvements to 3.07 David Marshall Lodge, where visitor numbers (187,000 in 2007) continue to rise.

Continue to facilitate the development by local businesses of adventure and C&T wildlife tourism products such as Go Ape and Quadmania. We will also provide 3.08 remote wildlife viewing and improve the interface with visitors at Ardgarten.

C&T Continue to make sure that landscape is one of the key issues 3.09 considered during the preparation of forest design plans.

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Key theme three: business development

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Income diversification

Aim to increase the percentage of revenue generated from non-timber sales by supporting C&T developments on the national forest estate (wind and hydro schemes, communications 3.10 masts), and by making the forest available for events (outdoor challenges, car rallies).

Assess forests with low scores from the portfolio analysis for opportunities to improve their C&T non-market and/or economic performance. If this is not possible, they will be considered 3.11 for sale to realise money for recycling to other key work areas, including new acquisitions.

Contribution to rural development

C&T Be open to new business ideas that match our wider social and environmental standards and 3.12 will consider positively proposals that will assist growth or development of local businesses.

31 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme four: community development

Community forestry in Scotland is a diverse and dynamic sector supported by the great changes in Scottish forestry since the establishment of the Scottish Parliament. Forestry is devolved, and land reform has introduced a stronger connection between the land and the people of Scotland. As part of our work, we will continue to strengthen that connection.

Woods in and around towns The communities in the district are very diverse. The larger centres of population lie outside the The population centres in the Loch Lomond & The national park, the biggest being Helensburgh and Trossachs National Park comprise of a number Dunoon. There is a need to further develop access of villages, the largest of which is Callander, with to the national forest estate around these major a population of just under 3,000. Most of these population centres where it exists, and to continue villages lie close to forest or woodland, much to seek opportunities to create new woodlands of which is managed by Forestry Commission where it does not. Scotland, with generally good access.

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Key theme four: community development

Community engagement Community ownership Communities are all different and their needs vary Since the start of the National Forest Land Scheme enormously. We are keen to encourage communities there have been a number of enquiries for new to become more involved in the sustainable community facilities – mainly for affordable housing management of their local forests, although this has – and these are being progressed. These issues to be balanced with our limited staff resources. require sensitive handling and a lot of facilitation to help move them forward. Likewise the issue of There is a general interest in their local forests and housing on the edge of woodlands will need careful some communities have become very active e.g. consideration. Callander, Gartocharn. At present, much of our community engagement reflects the common desire As communities increase their involvement in a to be informed of what is going on and to have an forest, they may aspire to community ownership opportunity to influence long-term management and management of parts of the national forest decisions through consultation on forest plans. estate. During this process we may have to increase our input to make sure that such opportunities are There are also interest groups such as walkers, successfully and sustainably developed. climbers, mountain bikers or equestrians that may operate over a range of forests and whose opinions are important. We will continue to meet with these groups and provide, where possible, managed access to the forest. Our role in these partnerships appears to be delivering the long-term base for the community and interest groups to build from and deliver all the additional benefits that we are neither mandated nor resourced to do. 

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Key theme four: community development

Learning Partnerships We work closely with the education sector in the The National Park Authority has undertaken an area. Due to resource limitations, our role has intensive community consultation exercise resulting mainly focused on facilitating use of the forest in their Community Futures programme. By working rather than always directly leading groups. At together with the communities in this programme present, we are targeting primary schools and we and the National Park Authority itself, we hope support community and other groups with links to there will be opportunities to utilise the woodland the schools. Increasing efforts have been made to resource in appropriate ways to help facilitate the engage with the education sector (e.g. Rural Skills process of community development. This could programme, Forest Schools). A Forest Education take the form of increased or improved access, Initiative cluster has also been established. There are suitable support for community heating schemes or a number of primary and two secondary schools in volunteer working on specific projects. the district. We hope to provide long-term benefits for pupils through the creation and enhancement of new habitats, developing a more diverse forest structure, and using the woodland to support their education. Given our ageing workforce, it is also important to develop opportunities for Modern Apprenticeships to make sure that skills are passed on and to provide future replacement staff.

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Key theme four: community development

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Woodlands in and around towns

C&T Seek opportunities to acquire land in support of the woodlands in and around 4.01 towns initiative. Target towns are Callander, Dunoon, Helensburgh and Balloch.

Community engagement

C&T Continue to undertake stakeholder consultation during the course of 4.02 preparing or revising forest design plans and the district strategic plan.

C&T Contact specialist and minority groups that do or could benefit from the woodland 4.03 resource. Provide training for staff to enhance engagement with communities.

C&T Encourage local communities and stakeholders to take a more active role in the development 4.04 of local forests, like Callander Woodland Link and Ross Priory Woodland Group.

Community ownership

Continue to support the Kilfinan Community Forest Company in its efforts C&T to purchase an area of forest at Tighnabruaich. We will make sure that the 4.05 National Forest Land Scheme procedure is adhered to during the process.

Continue to identify potential affordable housing sites, and co-operate with any C&T community proposals that are put forward, consulting with the local council 4.06 to make sure they comply with development plan policy and the local housing strategy. Progress the schemes already identified at Arrochar and Lochgoilhead.

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Key theme four: community development

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Learning

Assist the National Park Authority in the delivery of its Getting Involved initiative, part of its C&T Pride in Our Park programme. We will further develop our working relationship with the 4.07 Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and their volunteer base on wildlife viewing projects.

C&T Continue to develop links with the education sector through attending 4.08 and working with the local Forest Education Initiatives.

Partnerships

Continue to work in partnership with communities and organisations to their benefit C&T and that of the national forest estate. Ongoing projects with Callander Woodland Link, 4.09 Lochgoil Community Trust and Council, Ardentinny Community Trust and Strathard Community Trust Path Group will continue to be progressed as resources are found.

C&T Contribute effectively to the Scottish Forest Alliance partnership 4.10 by taking part in The Great Trossachs Forest project.

36 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme five: access and health

Scotland has one of the greatest health challenges of the developed nations of Europe. A major part in addressing this will be to increase people’s physical activity levels. Woodlands and forests can make a positive contribution to people’s health and wellbeing and offer access opportunities for the communities that live by, travel through and visit them. They are a place for all types of recreation activity catering for the novice to the international competition.

Recreation The district has a large recreation resource with We will adapt forest operations in areas where over 88 way marked trails, 35 car parks, eight youth recreation usage is the highest priority to manage campsites, seven hill routes, five wildlife hides, two impacts on the visual amenity – particularly the visitor centres and a forest drive. It is essential that ’internal view’. In some cases, it will be useful to facility maintenance is to a high standard to keep consider alternative options for management and access safe and enjoyable for visitors. Continued harvesting, such as horse logging. We also need investment will be sought to maintain and enhance to balance public access with potential impact on current facilities (further detail is contained in the natural and cultural heritage such as disturbance to district recreation plan). The West Highland Way, priority species National Cycle Network 7, the Cowal Way and Rob Roy Way also pass through our woodlands. In the main, these routes use track or footpath designed to meet their requirements. In Ptarmigan, the West Highland Way uses 5 km of forest road as the original route has deteriorated so badly that it is not fit for use.

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Key theme five: access and health

Making access easier Health Most of the woodlands in the district are within A proportion of the population is at risk of mental one hour’s drive of 2.4 million people, but the area and physical ill health due to inactivity. A very is difficult to reach without a car. More could be wide ability and age group can enjoy walking, and done to provide public transport or to support foot forests are ideal locations for this activity. Forests and cycle modes of travel to the forest. are also relaxing venues for people with mental health difficulties, and have been demonstrated to There are local initiatives in the Loch Lomond reduce anxiety and depression. Efforts should be & The Trossachs National Park to increase the targeted to areas where there is the greatest need provision of public transport to rural locations, and locations that provide a quality experience. such as the 4Bs Initiative (Bus, Bike, Boat and Boot). The Trossachs Trundler and Strathard Stroller buses We will continue to encourage active education operate seasonally and could be further developed visits to the forest by children through school with additional stops at forest accesses. Links to visits and the development of supporting events these buses from other services to Stirling and in the forest. We will also support the adult Glasgow should be explored in the future. volunteer sector through working with the national park in the development of their volunteer There is a particular need to improve access in conservation programme. forests close to the larger populations in the district. Where possible, acquisition of suitable land Increased access to woodlands by a larger number close to urban areas may be made to bring forests of people will help to improve the nation’s health closer to people and improve access opportunities and would stimulate the rural economy through for those in the community. The core path plans tourism. The district has a traditional visitor covering the district will help to identify areas base that needs to be expanded through the of greatest need. We will continue to work with use of interpretation on topics such as cultural the National Park Authority as a member of their heritage, landscape change and time scales. National Park Access Forum and with Argyll and The development of natural play and events Bute Council and Stirling Council in the delivery of programmes, including the use of performing this strategic network of routes. arts and wildlife viewing, would also increase the appeal to a wider audience. We fully support and promote the Scottish Outdoor Access Code that gives rights of If children enjoy woodlands they will responsible access to walkers, cyclists, horse-riders, encourage visits by the rest of their family. paddlers and other non-motorised activities (Land Education visits are a good way to get young Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 and Scottish Outdoor people to enjoy woodlands. Access Code). These rights extend to people of all abilities and need to be considered through the Disability Discrimination Act.

38 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme five: access and health

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Recreation

C&T Manage recreation facilities and services to make sure they are 5.01 safe for staff, contractors, and members of the public.

Upgrade and modernise key recreation infrastructure as resources become available. We C&T will seek resources to repair the former West Highland Way at Ptarmigan and to develop 5.02 the Sallochy car park. We will seek additional resources to carry out required improvements to David Marshall Lodge, where visitor numbers (187,000 in 2007) continue to rise.

Undertake actions from the interpretative strategies for the Queen Elizabeth and C&T Argyll Forest Parks to promote available access and recreation opportunities. 5.03 The district will develop a detailed recreation and tourism action plan.

Making access easier

Take a positive role in the consultation exercise on core path networks as part of the National Park Access Forum and help deliver on the network both in the national C&T park and in the Argyll and Bute Council area. Remain an active member of the Argyll 5.04 Forest Park Landscape Partnership to assist in the improvement of the delivery of access and perceived access between communities and their countryside.

C&T Plan how to meet the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act in 5.05 providing access to the forest, and seek resources to implement them.

C&T Protect public rights of way and take them into account in forest design and management. 5.06

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Key theme five: access and health

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Health

C&T Seek additional resources to facilitate engagement with the health sector 5.07 to encourage greater use of forests (particularly around Dunoon).

Develop the range of facilities in the district to support an increase in C&T activity in the forest. Continue to promote the benefits of activity and 5.08 the opportunity to get active in the forest via website and media.

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Key theme six: environmental quality

Good environmental quality is essential for Scotland’s economy, public health and biodiversity. The national forest estate should be an exemplar in conserving environmental quality (including landscape and the historic environment), which is fundamental to sustainable forest management, and to an ecosystem approach and the delivery of ecosystem services.

Soil, water and air quality Many of the forest soils are vulnerable to has a high level of association with important rivers erosion, compaction or loss of nutrients. This such as the Fillan, Dochart, Teith, Forth, Duchray, can be managed through the application of Ruel, Shellish and East Davian and also lochs good operational practices during harvesting Lubnaig, Finglas, Katrine, Lomond and Eck. and subsequent ground preparation, following The Glenan Loch in Loch Ard Forest and Powdermill the protection measures identified in Forestry Dam in Acharossan are registered as impoundments Commission forests and water guidelines. under the EU water framework directive. Good practice will generally protect soils on flatter The preparation of river basin management plans, to moderate terrain, but we do face challenges which set out how industries, water users and when operating on steep terrain. The inherent individuals will work together to protect, and where technical difficulties, plus extreme weather events necessary, improve the water environment, is a together with low economic feasibility, mean that key element of the EU water framework directive. work is required in this area to find solutions. Forestry is not seen as having a significant negative Water quality is of prime importance during any impact in the draft plan for this area. In fact, forestry operation. The retention of water quality through can play a positive role in protecting and enhancing the elimination of pollution incidents can be the water environment - for example, through the achieved by good operational practice. The district planting of riparian woodland to mitigate diffuse pollution issues from agriculture.

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Key theme six: environmental quality

Soil, water and air quality (continued) Landscape Adherence to and effective implementation of the The Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National UK Forestry Standard and the controlled activities Park and the national scenic areas and areas of regulations, coupled with good forest design at a great landscape value that are found throughout catchment level, are widely recognised as the district demand that forests make a positive effective measures to protect and enhance the contribution to landscape quality. The forest design water environment. plan process safeguards sensitive landscapes and harnesses the potential of forestry to bring about Forests may have an increasing role to play as part landscape improvements across the whole district. of sustainable flood and catchment management measures to protect settlements. We will continue to include landscape as a major consideration in long-term forest planning. The Forest soils are vital for their filtering and objective is to make sure that multi-purpose forests transforming functions, and for carbon storage. have a positive role in the quality of the landscapes They are also the repository of cultural artefacts, throughout the district. as well as being an archaeological resource in their own right. Protection and enhancement of soils is an important element of sustainable forest Cultural heritage management, and the soon to be revised Forestry There is a rich heritage of archaeological features Commission forests and soils guidelines will outline in the district, including chambered cairns, latest best practice, including the conservation of fanks (stone-built pens) and walls. Only two soil carbon. are scheduled monuments, and both have an Changes in forest practice also reduce the risk of active management plan for their protection and potential impact, e.g. extending the fallow period enhancement approved by Historic Scotland. between felling and re-stocking to reduce impact We are aware of a further 370 unscheduled of weevil damage will also result in a reduction in monuments across the district and these are the use of preventive insecticide treatments. being protected through the forest design plan process and sensitive management during forest operations.

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Key theme six: environmental quality

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Soil, water and air quality

C&T Fully implement the EU water framework directive, and incorporate river 6.01 basin management plans into the review of forest design plans.

Identify those water bodies negatively affected by forestry and prepare C&T plans to improve their ecological and chemical status. 6.02 When appropriate, consult Scottish Water and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency in the site planning process.

Manage all works in accordance with Forestry Commission water and soils C&T guidelines. We will discuss the practical implementation of the guidelines with 6.03 Scottish Water when carrying out site work around Loch Katrine and Arklet.

Landscape

Continue to include landscape as a major consideration in long-term forest C&T planning and undertake environmental impact assessments in sensitive 6.04 areas (e.g. Ptarmigan, Cruach Tarbeirt) to make balanced decisions taking into account other issues, such as economics and biodiversity value.

Pursue the necessary additional resources where site or access C&T conditions demand high-cost solutions to landscape amelioration, 6.05 which cannot be delivered through conventional operations.

Extend the use of low impact management systems in areas particularly sensitive to landscape change, and incorporate these proposals into forest design plans. C&T These areas are likely to be Loch Ard, Achray, Loch Eck, Glenbranter, Beinn Laggan, 6.06 Strathyre and the native woodlands around the district. Low impact systems will eventually be applied over approximately 10% of the forest area.

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Key theme six: environmental quality

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Cultural heritage

C&T Make sure that pre-operational planning includes the assessment of 6.07 archaeology on any site, and that the feature has been captured in GIS.

C&T Liaise with local authority archaeological staff or those delegated 6.08 with responsibility when new features are found on site.

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Key theme seven: biodiversity

A key issue is the prioritisation of resources across the large number of species found in the district or that the national forest estate could impact on. For many species, including many of the UK biodiversity action plan and Scottish priority species, building resilient habitat networks and tailoring general woodland management prescriptions will take account of their particular needs. For those species not covered by this, we will give priority to woodland related species. These species depend strongly on woodland or woodland edge habitats, have a high proportion of their range in Scotland and require specific woodland management measures to be applied on a significant scale. We will also give priority to notified species features on designated sites where site management can impact on condition, and where the management of the national forest estate can impact on adjacent designated sites with notified species.

Species and habitats The woodlands in the district and their associated to manage for success. Other requirements may habitats are home to a number of priority species also be identified (for further details, see the district identified in national species action plans, such species action plans and conservation plan), and as black grouse, red squirrel, capercaillie, Scottish resources targeted at predator control and habitat wood ant, pearl-bordered fritillary, juniper and management to enhance the success of certain small cow wheat. Other species including nightjar, species in core forests, e.g. black grouse at Larach glow worm, and great crested newt can frequently Hill and Katrine be found. The district nature conservation strategy outlines The future forest structure, species selection and how other habitats and species will be managed to design will be set to enhance the prospects of these enhance the biodiversity value of the district. species as the habitat improves and action is taken

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Key theme seven: biodiversity

Species and habitats (continued) The control of the resident deer population will be undertaken by a combination of staff dedicated Database information has established that there to this work supported by contract and lease are nearly 3,930 ha of plantations on ancient agreements with companies or individuals. We woodland sites in the district. 100% of the area has will also continue to liaise with the five deer been surveyed for the species present, extent of management groups and the Loch Lomond & ancient woodland indicators and setting in relation The Trossachs National Park’s Deer Management to wider habitat networks. There are also ancient Forum. All five operate in the district’s boundary semi-natural woodland areas of oak, birch, ash and have a remit to manage the open hill deer and alder. population. We will, where necessary and Restoration proposals are being drawn up with the appropriate, manage the pressure from our presumption of all areas being restored although, neighbours’ activities by erecting suitable fencing in some areas, this will have to be balanced with on our march boundaries. Where legally agreed, other factors, e.g. the value to red squirrels of this will be in conjunction with our neighbours. mature Norway spruce stands. We will continue the joint working arrangements Other priority habitats (as identified in national and with Scottish Natural Heritage and the Deer local biodiversity action plans), such as lowland Commission as an effective way of managing deer raised bogs, sub-montane scrub and upland heath, outside Forestry Commission Scotland land. also need to be protected and enhanced. In the main, this would be achieved by removing non- native species and, as with all habitats, by deer management to control grazing.

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Key theme seven: biodiversity

Landscapes and ecosystems The national forest estate can have a critical role The planning of habitat networks in all woodlands in creating large-scale habitat networks. In some has been underway for some time. Major work is locations, the estate may now be the dominant now taking place in Loch Ard forest, where open feature of a local network. This may not be the and wetland habitats are being created to support case in other areas and work can be undertaken to lizard, dragonfly, toad, glow worm, nightjar, adder improve the value of the woodland to the network. and the planned re-introduction of water vole. Our management of the land around Loch Part of this process will be to increase diversity of Katrine provides a unique opportunity to create forest habitat and counter fragmentation, while a nationally significant working habitat network protecting and restoring important open habitat at a landscape scale. The national park’s local such as bogs and forest/moorland margins. Habitat forestry and woodland framework described networks are thought to be vital to the survival forest habitat networks linking the woodlands of species that will need to migrate to survive the of the Ben Lomond National Memorial Park, by potential impact of climate change. Loch Lomond with those of the Royal Society for We recognise the importance of edge zones - the Protection of Birds at Inversnaid, Woodland transitional/shrubby/edge ecotones and the value Trust Scotland at Glen Finglas and the Forestry of managing these as an important part of the Commission Scotland woodlands in Strathyre. diversity of habitats of forest networks. These networks will be designed taking account of the archaeological survey commissioned as part of the environmental impact assessment process. Securing the management of the Loch Katrine and Arklet catchments now provides the opportunity to bring this vision to fruition.

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Key theme seven: biodiversity

Designated sites There are a number of special areas of We will also support proposals from Scottish Natural conservation, sites of special scientific interest Heritage where expansion of natural regeneration and national scenic areas in the district. Many from neighbouring sites of special scientific interest are based on native woodland types and others will bring clear natural heritage advantages. where native woodlands form part of the priority The diverse environment gives rise to high habitat and a backdrop to the designation. All 20 biodiversity in the district, with a number of key designated sites in the district have management sites (see Table one below for an overview and also plans agreed with Scottish Natural Heritage. Appendix one: Location of national parks, national Achieving favourable conservation status through scenic areas, forest parks and areas of great appropriate management of all designated areas landscape value; and Location of national nature of woodland and associated open habitat in the Reserves, Natura sites (special areas of conservation district is a high priority. and special protection areas), sites of special scientific interest and ancient woodlands). Table one: overview of designated sites

Examples Conservation designations Upland oak woodland Trossachs, Glen Loin, Hell’s Glen SSSI, SAC Upland birchwoods Trossachs SAC Wet woodlands Pass of Leny SSSI Bogs Blackwater Marshes, Loch SSSI Macanrie Open range Ben Lomond SSSI Red squirrel Cowal, Strathyre Black grouse Duke’s Pass, Loch Katrine, Larach Capercaillie Rowardennan, Drumore SSSI Bryophytes Craighoyle SSSI Lamprey Teith SAC Scottish wood ant Drumore, Pass of Leny SSSI

(SSSI = site of special scientific interest, SAC = special area of conservation) Conservation is implemented using a range of plans for special sites and by following good conservation in the forest in general. Plans include management plans for sites of special scientific interest, habitat action plans, species action plans and local biodiversity action plans.

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Key theme seven: biodiversity

Increasing awareness and Geodiversity improving knowledge The national forest estate has a significant role in This district is well positioned to provide conserving Scotland’s geodiversity, which includes opportunities to improve the public's the variety of rocks, minerals, fossils, landforms, understanding and enjoyment of woodlands. Their sediments and soils, together with the natural awareness of the forest as a resource for access processes, which form or alter them. Some sites and learning can be enhanced through interaction in the district are designated as sites of special with schools, local community groups, volunteer scientific interest (e.g. Lime Craig quarry and organisations and visitors. Lime Hill). Biodiversity is generally well recorded and monitored in the district to make sure that it receives appropriate protection and consideration. But there are many areas where there are gaps in our knowledge and experience. The Forestry Commission Scotland native woodland survey will provide an up to date summary of woodland features and their success, and will assist us greatly in our management. There is a great opportunity in the district to maximise biodiversity gains. It is important that we utilise available information, such as local biodiversity action plans, and reference other plans such as Scottish Natural Heritage’s species action framework, and the national park’s local forestry and woodland framework, park plan and biodiversity action plan when appropriate. The Scottish Biodiversity Strategy is also a key document and we will seek to deliver its aims wherever possible. The recently published invasive non-native species strategy will also help prioritise and influence activities on the ground. Our staff share broad interests, but we should always consider the continuing improvement of staff and contractor skills as required.

49 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme seven: biodiversity

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Species and habitats

Seek to resource and undertake an annual rhododendron control programme. The prioritisation and timing of this work will be co-ordinated C&T with the project officer managing the delivery of the National Park 7.01 Authority and Perth and Argyll Conservancy rhododendron survey. Control Japanese knotweed as it colonises areas of the district.

Support the delivery of the Scottish Red Squirrel Action Plan by enhancing C&T current habitats throughout the district and by developing a stronghold site in 7.02 Cowal, from Glenbranter to Kilmun, in discussion with the project officer.

Carry out a district-level survey of all forest habitat networks and local C&T biodiversity action plan habitats and incorporate the survey information 7.03 into forest plans when reviewing forest design plans.

Implement local species action plans at site level with particular emphasis on C&T black grouse and pearl-bordered fritillary at Katrine, and red squirrel, capercaillie, 7.04 barn owl and other raptors and bat species throughout the forest area.

Work with the national park on the delivery of specific projects to meet the C&T targets of its local biodiversity action plan, to include water vole re-introduction, 7.05 development of the Duchray forest habitat network, The Great Trossachs Forest project, golden eagle monitoring and black grouse management plans.

C&T Survey all plantations on ancient woodland sites for threats, site type and 7.06 condition, and aim to convert at least 75% of these sites to native woodland.

50 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section two

Key theme seven: biodiversity

Key issue What Cowal & Trossachs forest district will do

Landscapes and ecosystems

Develop forest design plans to enhance priority habitats and other internal C&T habitats, developing networks beneficial to priority species such as black 7.07 grouse and capercaillie. Develop links to wider networks on a landscape scale, liaising with neighbours, statutory bodies and the national park.

C&T Actively seek opportunities for acquisition where this would provide vital links for improving 7.08 habitat networks and for creating new opportunities, including native woodland.

Work with local deer management groups to develop a responsible attitude towards fencing C&T issues and population levels. In open deer range, boundary deer fences will be maintained 7.09 where necessary and an appropriate contribution will be sought from neighbours.

Designated sites

C&T Make sure that 95% of features will be in ‘favourable’ or ‘unfavourable recovering’ condition 7.10 classes by 2010, utilising management plans agreed with Scottish Natural Heritage.

C&T Continue to manage designated sites in accordance with approved management plans. 7.11

Increasing awareness and improving knowledge

Promote the profile and awareness of biodiversity requirements during stakeholder C&T engagements, school visits and forest plan consultations, and encourage active 7.12 involvement in biodiversity projects by communities and volunteers.

Geodiversity

C&T Identify important geodiversity sites on the national forest estate and 7.13 maintain and enhance through the forest plan process.

51 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Strategic plan 2009-2013 - Section three

Section three: delivery and monitoring

Scottish forestry is helping to tackle climate change capturing carbon naturally with trees

52 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Section three

Section three: delivery and monitoring

Context Implementation will be based on the creation of a rolling three year business plan, identifying resources required to deliver work programmes identified in forest plans, other local plans and emergent issues. Detailed work plans are prepared for all significant elements of the programme. In sensitive sites, this often requires further consultation with relevant stakeholders. These are normally prepared 18-24 months before actual work commences. Work is delivered in accordance with a series of guidance notes listed in Appendix four, and all delivery adheres to the operating principles detailed in the strategic plan for the national forest estate.

Following approval of the business plan, the • national policies e.g. UK Forestry Standard, work programmes and allocated resources are Forestry Commission People Strategy confirmed with local staff who then organise • memoranda and instructions e.g. monitoring the work and monitor delivery against agreed of stocking densities according to Forest timescales, costs and quality standards. Management Memorandum 4 Monitoring forms an integral part of sustainable Both formal and informal monitoring is carried out forest management and is regarded as an essential in the district. tool for improving practice. It is in-built into almost every aspect of management from financial to operational, to environmental, to health and safety, to recreational, to landscape, through:

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Section three: delivery and monitoring

Formal monitoring is concerned with areas Informal monitoring is concerned primarily with where we have legal, moral or policy obligations the day-to-day management of the district work to fulfil and often also audited by external programme and is carried out mainly in-house. parties. Important areas covered under this Informal monitoring will include activities such as: heading include: • contract progress • monitoring of overall standards (e.g. • site visits compliance with forest plans, UK Woodland Assurance Standard, etc.) • personal budget monitoring • conservation monitoring • work programme monitoring • archaeological monitoring • time management. • health and safety monitoring The results from these have a variety of uses, both long and short-term and are a useful tool in • business plan monitoring improving our management skills. We also have to monitor against the indicators The results that we receive are analysed and the identified in Forest Enterprise Scotland’s framework recommendations are fed back, where appropriate, strategic plan for the national forest estate. These into our planning process. The results help to will then be amalgamated across all ten forest influence future management of the forests, as districts to determine collective progress in well as aiding development of the future work delivering against the Scottish Forestry Strategy. programme and budget planning. The results These results will be published annually at received can also help shape new local policies, as national level. well as improving existing ones. The repositioning of the national forest estate will continue, with woods of greatest public benefit retained as part of the estate. Information about the repositioning policy is contained in the strategic plan for the national forest estate. Details of the scoring for woods in the district are contained in Appendix five.

54 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Strategic plan 2009-2013 - Appendices

Appendices

The use of wood as a fuel will help reduce harmful greenhouse emissions and we are working hard to promote wood fuel developments.

55 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendix one: Supporting maps

56 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendix one: Supporting maps

57 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendix one: Supporting maps

58 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendix one: Supporting maps

59 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendix one: Supporting maps

60 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendix one: Supporting maps

61 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendices

Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 1: To create a diverse forest resource for the future

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Produce an updated Yes Produced annually, indicating a Yes periodic forecast of timber gently rising production in 2007- production. 2021. Annual harvesting Partial Achieved in early years of the Yes programme to be within previous five-year period, but +/-5% of production last two years have been slightly forecast/sales plan over target due to carry forward forecast. volumes being greater than predicted. Meet customer Partial On the whole, the volume and Yes requirements in terms of timing of sales have matched the timing of sales and quality marketing plan, although there has of product. been some short-term difficulty in providing suitable coupes for winch working. Move a lower proportion Partial Expanded facility at Portavadie Yes of timber by road. and increased use of Sandbank has increased the transport of timber by sea to around 50% of the volume produced in the Cowal peninsula. Meet re-stocking densities Yes The work of the forest Yes as outlined in Operational management team has delivered Guidance booklet 4 the required standards. 2002 – 2,613 trees, 2003 – 2,604 trees, 2004 – 2,500 trees, 2005 – 2,501 trees

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 1: To create a diverse forest resource for the future

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Control pine weevil Yes We have used pre-treated plants Yes (Hylobius) to minimise for years. A variety of products damage to planted trees. have been used and we are waiting for confirmation of the new approved product. The use of these products has not stopped hylobius damage, but has greatly reduced its impact

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 2: To create a diverse forest resource for the future

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Ensure every forest is part Partial Currently at 95% - seven blocks Yes of an approved forest plan still to have plans completed, by 2008. approximately half of which have no operational proposals in the next five years. Meet target dates for Partial Almost all coupes felled within Yes clearfelling identified in the five-year period specified forest plans in the forest design plan. Some timing changes required to ensure adjacency between coupes is maintained. Develop planning Partial Thinning plan being produced, Yes processes, objectives and will be complete prior to and prescriptions for the revised strategic plan being identifying the district circulated for consultation. thinning programme. Plant suitable species and Yes We use the Forest Research Yes provenances. ecological site classification system when considering planting regimes, either in restock or new planting situations. This allows us to ensure the correct species are planted on the correct soils and improves potential survival of plants. As far as possible local seed sources are used, given the limitation of mast years and suitable stands when planting broadleaved species.

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 2: To create a diverse forest resource for the future

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Manage deer populations Yes Deer populations have been Yes. Target should be to minimise damage to reduced substantially over the adjusted to refer to tree crops and habitat. last six years. From population damage monitoring assessments it is clear that in rather than numbers. certain beats numbers have been brought down to the required target density. Due to resource allocations this has not been achieved throughout the district. Plans are in place to fulfil the target as swiftly as possible. Achievement of our deer management objectives is much more focused on damage related issues and is affected by but not reliant on deer numbers.

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 3: To make a positive contribution to the environment

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Improve forest landscape, Partial Forest design plan programme is Yes particularly in national addressing landscape issues, with scenic areas, forest parks enhancements being incorporated and woodland parks. as part of felling and replanting proposals. Use of low impact systems being increased. Protection of water and Yes Site assessment made by the Yes soil. harvesting and marketing (H&M) team during the pre-planning stage allows a judgement to be made of the most suitable harvesting method depending on terrain and soil types. This is also an opportunity to determine whether summer/winter working is most appropriate. The use of brash mats during forwarder extraction minimises the likely damage associated with forwarder extraction method. This careful planning is followed through into the ground preparation operation, where minimum cultivation systems are adopted.

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 3: To make a positive contribution to the environment

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Reduce chemical usage on Partial Chemical application is carried out Yes national forest estate. on a prophylactic basis throughout the district. Improvements in establishment techniques such as ground preparation, plant handling and planting have improved plant survival and speed of establishment, reducing the need for subsequent applications of pesticides and herbicides. We will also undertake the necessary steps to implement a district fallow strategy to reduce further the requirement of chemicals in the control of pine weevil (Hylobius). The new guidance on pine root rot (Heterobasidion) will ensure a targeted approach to the application of organic fertiliser (urea). The only area where chemical usage is increasing is through the policy to tackle rhododendron in key habitats, such as sites of special scientific interest habitat action plan areas and re-stock sites. Research has indicated the most effective way of controlling rhododendron is to spray the cut stumps. 67 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendices

Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 3: To make a positive contribution to the environment

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Ensure that delivery Yes Local policy statements have been Yes complies with standard produced and implemented. identified in UK Woodland Any corrective action identified Assurance Scheme to during the audit process is maintain certification disseminated down to the district, of sustainable forest allowing local standards and policies management. to be updated. Convert appropriate Partial Survey of potential sites Yes sites back to ancient commissioned in 2001 (west) and woodlands. 2003 (east). Good progress has been made through the operational programme. There is a need to consider other factors, particularly regeneration in a revised strategy for plantations of ancient woodland sites. Co-operate with Historic Yes Both plans renewed to agreed Yes Scotland (HS) in preparing timescales with HS. On a care and action plans for scheduled maintenance basis. ancient monuments of the national forest estate.

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 3: To make a positive contribution to the environment

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Identify and protect Partial Good work to develop and find Yes historically important a sustainable position for Kilmun stands and individual Arboretum though links with the trees, unscheduled National Arboreta and Royal Botanic monuments on the Garden Edinburgh. national forest estate. Important cultural trees have still to be identified in the conservation layer. Unscheduled sites protected through identification in coupe planning sheets and on the ground identification where operations are being conducted. Sites in the east are discussed with Stirling Council’s archaeologist or the Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park’s archaeological advisors. There is not currently a similar system for the west of the district.

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 4: To create opportunities for more people to enjoy trees, woods and forests

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Publicity – Set up Partial Osprey 50 media protocol in place. Yes systems that ensure ‘What’s On’ leaflet produced. key opportunities for communication with Website updated. public are utilised - Marketing strategy being developed. 2005/06 Events publicity procedure being developed. Promote outdoor Yes David Marshall Lodge has been given Yes recreation and green the Green Business Tourism Scheme tourism Bronze Award. Work has started to gain the Silver Award including the investigation of sustainable energy such as wood fuel and wind turbines. Green tourism is being further promoted through the Bird of Prey Trail, where involved businesses have to become part of the Green Business Tourism Scheme. Forestry Commission Scotland is working in partnership with Royal Society for the Protection of Birds to deliver this project. Outdoor recreation is being promoted through an events programme, visitor centres, key information panels and press releases.

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 4: To create opportunities for more people to enjoy trees, woods and forests

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Promote policy of open Yes Popular informal sites are inspected, Yes access for walkers, cyclists but there is not a definite policy and horse riders. steer when an informal site should be inspected. All way-marked routes are inspected every quarter as a minimum. The inspections are recorded and work prioritised. The Scottish Outdoor Access Code is being promoted through the 27 new ‘key information panels’ that have been erected across the district. Provide interpretation on Yes New key information panel Yes popular sites of significant interpretation has been produced natural and cultural on 27 sites across Argyll and Queen history. Elizabeth Forest Parks. There are opportunities to improve the level of cultural interpretation.

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 4: To create opportunities for more people to enjoy trees, woods and forests

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Provide new recreational Yes 2005/06 marked the end of a Yes facilities in response to five-year £3 million investment in need. new and improved path networks, interpretation, environs and visitor facilities. These projects were produced through wide consultation with communities, outdoor centres and other public agencies. A national cycling strategy demonstrated a need for cycling development in the Trossachs. Meet requests for Yes Argyll Forest Park has been involved Yes educational visits. with a Forest Education Initiative (FEI) cluster for several years and has been able to host many school visits. In Queen Elizabeth Forest Park, most of the school visits have been at David Marshall Lodge, but provided in an uncoordinated way. Last year, we set up a FEI cluster for Stirling, which will be developed with support from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. The FEI groups help maximise limited resources by focusing provision to assist teachers meet curriculum needs.

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 5: To help communities benefit from woods and forests

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Maintain core staff Yes District employees have remained Yes. There is a need resource and develop fairly constant over the period at to continue to local contract resource. approximately 72 full and part-time develop skills both staff. with employees and contractors. Efforts have been made through medium-term contracts to improve continuity of employment. There have been some successes in the lower-skilled areas of forest management contracts. Manage impact (positive Yes All relevant staff trained in Yes, but alter to and negative) of Microsoft programmes and GIS widen the availability information technology. users increased and availability of of IT through software expanded. advancement in technology to field staff, provide training where required. Manage workloads Yes Managed in part through agreed Yes associated with increased preparation of forward job plans delegation and high and formal review meetings. number of new policies Also managed through and initiatives. increased communication at monthlymeetings of district staff. Monthly Forest Civil Engineering/ Operations/District meetings. Regular coupe planning meetings.

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Appendix two: Evaluation of achievements (1999 – 2006) under previous Strategic Plan Scottish Forestry Strategy Priority for Action 5: To help communities benefit from woods and forests

Target description and Target Comments Should this target be planned achievement date achieved updated and carried (yes/no/ forward to new partial)? district strategic plan? Recognise future impact No Some redeployment of existing Yes of skewed age structure of staff has taken place to offset this certain staff groups. problem, but no future recruitment has been planned to manage the impending reduction in the labour force. Develop contractor base Partial Competent contractors’ list Yes to provide a resilient and reviewed and gaps in the lower skilled resource skilled areas partially closed. Machine operator base not improved, but existing contractors supported via medium term contracts. Other areas such as path builders developed well, but liable to reduce as work decreases. Health and Safety - Yes Resumption safety programme has Yes, but alter to respond to issue that been met. achieve required forestry is regarded as the safety standards in all most dangerous British operations. industry

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Appendix three: Glossary for forest policy context diagram:

• Business plan: A three year rolling plan which outlines the financial requirements for delivering the work programme in the district. The first year contains a compilation of the costs associated with the relevant work plans. These are then prioritised against the agreed financial targets, which are set at national level and reflect the settlement from the Scottish Government’s spending review. • Forestry Commission policies, guidelines, etc: These are the various internal Forestry Commission policies and guidance on practices across a wide range of activities e.g. operational practice, Health & Safety issues, estate management, etc. • Forest District Strategic Plan: This plan describes how national, regional and corporate strategies will be applied at a local level. The plan identifies Forest Enterprise Scotland policies and priorities in the district and the rationale behind them. • Forest Enterprise Scotland framework document: The plan sets out how Forest Enterprise Scotland will develop and manage the national forest estate in an efficient and environmentally responsible manner to meet government forestry policies, especially the Scottish Forestry Strategy. • Forest plans: These plans relate to individual forests and groups of woodlands. They describe the woodland, place them in context with the surrounding area, and identify issues that are relevant to the woodland or forest. From these objectives are set, long-term felling and re-stocking plans prepared, and opportunities to improve the woodland for nature conservation and recreation are considered. These individual forest plans are subject to formal consultation processes and have to be agreed with the Forestry Commission’s Conservator. The Conservator is independent of Forest Enterprise Scotland and oversees the promotion and regulation of forestry, in both the private as well as public sector, on behalf of the Forestry Commissioners. • Forestry and woodland frameworks: Local forestry frameworks cover more localised areas than indicative forestry strategies and look in more detail at the opportunities for forest expansion. • Indicative forestry strategies: Indicative forestry strategies are prepared by local authorities and identify areas preferred for forestry expansion and areas sensitive to further expansion in respect to a range of issues such as the landscape, natural and cultural heritage, communities and water quality. • Monitoring: This includes a wide range of informal and formal monitoring described more fully in Section 6 and in the strategic plan for the national forest estate. • Regional Forestry Forum: Advises Forestry Commission Scotland on the regional implementation of the Scottish Forestry Strategy and provides a regional perspective on the strategy’s future development

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Appendix three: Glossary for forest policy context diagram:

• Scottish Forestry Strategy: This is the Scottish Government’s framework for taking forestry forward in Scotland. It sets out a vision that “By the second half of this century, people are benefiting widely from Scotland’s trees, woodlands and forests, actively engaging with and looking after them for the use and enjoyment of generations to come. The forestry resource has become a central part of our culture, economy and environment.” • Strategic plan for the national forest estate: Defines how Forestry Commission Scotland through its operating arm, Forest Enterprise Scotland, will implement the Scottish Forestry Strategy on the national forest estate. The national strategic plan describes the strategic and operational context; monitoring framework and implementation proposals that guide the district strategic plan. The policies and best practice referred to in the strategic plan for the national forest estate will also be delivered as part of the implementation of the forest district strategic plans. It also provides direction for implementing a repositioning policy that will ensure the nature and distribution of the national forest estate better reflects its role and purpose. • Thematic plans: These include statutory plans e.g. management plans for sites of special scientific interest agreed with Scottish Natural Heritage and scheduled ancient monument management plans agreed with Historic Scotland. There are also local plans for detailing how certain aspects of local management will be delivered and prioritised (see Appendix four). • UK Forestry Standard: This outlines the UK Government’s approach to sustainable forestry in the UK with reference to the European and global protocols for sustainable development. • UK Woodland Assurance Standard: UK Woodland Assurance Standard is a certification standard that reflects the UK Forestry Standard, the guidelines adopted by European Forestry Ministers at Helsinki in 1993, and the Forest Stewardship Council Standard for Great Britain. It provides consumers with independently vetted assurance of quality in respect of the environmental and social implications of forest management. • Work plans: These include operational site plans that are prepared in advance of all major forest operations, i.e. felling, thinning, road construction and re-planting. Work plans draw on forest plans and identify site constraints, risk assessment, opportunities, and areas requiring special protection, etc. • Work programme: This is the work carried out in each financial year, which is mainly derived from the list of work plans that have been approved in the business plan. It will also include unforeseen or emergency work that arises in the year.

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Appendix four: List of local thematic plans, management plans and guidance notes

Thematic plans Date Revision Comments produced planned* Business continuity plan 2008 2013 Conservation strategy 2005 2009 Will be extended to become biodiversity plan Deer management strategy 2006 2011 Emergency and fire plan 2009 annual Monitoring plan 2006 2011 Habitat action plan policy 2008 2013 Pollution control and waste management 2007 2012 plan Recreation strategy 2005 2009 Roads plan 2009 2010 Safety policy statement 2008 annual Sales plan 2009 annual Thinning plan 2006 2009 Tree safety management 2008 2013

Management plans Date Revision Comments produced planned* Business plan 2009 annual Forest plans various 10 years 47 plans in total Schedule ancient monument plans various 5 years 2 plans in total Shooting/fishing management plans various 1 or 3 years 19 plans in total Sites of special scientific interest various 5 years 19 plans in total management plans (including 3 SAC’s)

*Any significant policy change may bring this date forward.

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Appendix four: List of local thematic plans, management plans and guidance notes

Guidance notes Date Revision Comments produced planned* Native trees and shrubs 2006 2009 Chemical use 2006 2009 Includes strategy for reducing usage Complaints and enquiries 2006 2009 Community involvement/ stakeholder 2006 2009 consultation Deadwood 2006 2012 Fencing 2005 2012 Illegal / unauthorised use of the forest 2006 2011 Landscape, restructuring & coupe size 2006 2012 Low impact silviculture 2006 2011 Monitoring progress of forest plan 2006 2012 operations Natural reserves 2005 2012 Non-timber forest products 2006 2011 Planning and managing open space 2006 2011 Red squirrel 2009 2012 Tracks 2006 2011 Surface water acidification 2006 2011 Surveys (forest inventory) 2008 2013 Whole tree harvesting 2006 2009 Windblow 2006 2011

*Any significant policy change may bring this date forward.

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Appendix five: Portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate

Introduction The portfolio analysis of the national forest estate is concerned with the current condition of individual forest design plan units or forest blocks, not our aspirations for them or what we believe their untapped potential might be. Although the scoring system is recognised as being imperfect, it represents a reasonable approximation of the relative strategic importance across our land portfolio. When applying the economic and non-market scoring set out below it is very important that district staff are as objective as possible. The system was developed following piloting work at four forest districts (Cowal & Trossachs, Galloway, Moray, Tay) on the application of the scoring system. This was then tested across all districts in Scotland and then refined or amended in response to feedback. It was further refined following a series of meetings between clusters of neighbouring districts and Forest Enterprise Scotland Management Board members, which also provided a national overview that the array of scores made sense both within and between districts. The final version of the scoring system is set out below. The absolute score achieved by a forest district plan unit is not particularly important, it is the positioning of units relative to each other which is of value in understanding where management time and resources should be best directed for maximum positive effect. Note – we set out to ensure the ratings allow managers to make objective, repeatable assessments based on existing data sets. Inevitably, a few grey areas remain and we flag up that habitat network and landscape ratings will require further definition in due course. (please see appendix one for map to accompany spreadsheet at appendix five)

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Appendix five: Portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate

Economic scoring Score Harvesting surplus (clearfell and thinning) >£5/tonne profit 10 – based on 2006 market conditions <£5/tonne profit 6 (Note: 10 year horizon for harvesting activity, if harvesting Break even 3 is expected in that period then use best estimate of expected <£5/tonne loss 1 profit or loss/tonne. A block with no potential for commercial harvesting should score 0.) >£5/tonne loss 0 Establishment and maintenance costs Lower than the forest district 4 average (Note: Establishment and maintenance to include all expenditure up to year 10 needed to establish crops. Remember to include Forest districtD average 2 whole forest design plan issues such as boundary fencing Higher than the forest district 0 maintenance costs.) average

Capital road cost Fully roaded 10 (new and upgrade over next 10 years) < 2 km to build 7 (A block with no potential for commercial harvesting and, 2 km to < 5 km to build 5 therefore, no plans for capital road investment should score 0.) 5 km to < 10 km to build 2 10 km and over to build 0 Other income generation >£250k pa 10 (Notes - other income to include estates development, recreation, £101-250k pa 6 etc. Development opportunities that have a signed option £51-100k pa 3 agreement can be included in the current economic analysis.) £11-50k pa 2 £1-10k pa 1 <£1k pa 0

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Appendix five: Portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate

Non-market benefits scoring

Score Conservation designations SAC/SSSI >100ha 10 (Note: The presence of the designation is not sufficient to merit a UK HAP > 50% 6 high score. The forest design plan must be positively contributing UK HAP 20-50% 4 to the enhancement of the site condition relative to the notified conservation interest. Area in hectares relates to area in Forest SAC/SSSI 20-100ha 3 Enterprise Scotland management.) SAC/SSSI <20ha or HAP <20% 1 No designations or HAPs 0 SAP Species > 5 species 10 (As highlighted in Forestry Commission Scotland biodiversity 4 - 5 species 8 strategy – red squirrel, capercaillie, black grouse, pearl-bordered 3 species 6 fritillary butterfly, chequered skipper butterfly, juniper, Scottish wood ant, Wilson’s pouchwort, twinflower, small cow wheat.) 2 species 3 1 species 1 None 0 Native tree species 51-100% 10 (Note: Native species – this refers to tree species cover of the 21-50% 6 forested portion of the forest design plan unit. Anticipates drive 11-20% 4 for greater reliance on native species from Scottish Forestry Strategy and Environment Peer Review Group.) 6-10% 2 1-5% 1 <1% 0

Legend HAP = habitat action plan, NSA = national scenic area; SAC = special area of conservation; SAM = scheduled ancient monument; SAP = species action plan, SFS = Scottish Forestry Strategy, SSSI = site of special scientific interest; WIAT = woodlands in and around towns initiative

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Appendix five: Portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate

Non-market benefits scoring (continued)

Score Woodlands in and around towns (WIAT) Large population (>5000)/ 10 well developed facilities (Note – only woodlands falling into the Forestry Commission Scotland WIAT criteria can score any points.) Large population (>5000)/ 8 minimal facilities

Small population (2000- 4 5000)/well developed facilities Small population (2000- 2 5000)/minimal facilities N/A 0 Community engagement Signed agreement 5 (including schools) User group/active 3 participation

Consultation/information 1 No engagement 0 Recreation >250k visits pa 10 (Note – visitor numbers must be verifiable from counters and/or 101-250k visits pa 8 intercept surveys or be based on sound local knowledge.) 51-100k visits pa 5 11-50k visits pa 3 1-10k visits pa 2 <1k visits pa 1 No visits 0

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Appendix five: Portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate

Non-market benefits scoring (continued)

Score Habitat network Significant component 5 (>25%) of an existing core (*Core habitat area defined as regionally significant (>10,000 habitat area* ha), relatively contiguous, contains at least 20% native species in woodland element and/or at least 80% native species in open Component (10-25%) of an 3 land element.) existing core habitat area Contributor to functional 2 connectivity of (or from) the core habitat area or important local habitat network Little or no existing 0 contribution to habitat networks

Landscape National Park – helps create 10 sense of place

National scenic area (NSA) 8 – helps create sense of place Positive backdrop to 5 significant town (>10,000) National Park – positive 3 contributor NSA/Designed landscapes – 2 positive contributor Positive backdrop to town 1 (>2000)/ major tourism route No positive impact in the 0 landscape

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Appendix five: Portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate

Non-market benefits scoring (continued)

Score Thinnable 51-100% 5 (Note: Thinnable area – the area of forest which has been 21-50% 3 thinned or is programmed for thinning in the next 10 years. 5-20% 2 This essentially reflects the amount of flexibility available to apply low impact systems and as a consequence deliver <5% 0 non-market benefits.)

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Appendix five: Portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate

Forest block H+M Est & Roads Oth Total Cons BAP Native WIAT Community Recreation FHN NP/NSA Thin Total Maint income economic designation species tree species NMB score score Auchtubmhor 6 2 5 1 14 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2

North Otter 0 2 0 1 3 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4

Rednock 0 0 2 1 3 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5

Clachaig 3 2 10 1 16 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 6

Cardross 3 0 7 1 11 1 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 6

Acharossan 6 2 0 1 9 0 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 8

Monachyle 3 2 0 1 6 0 6 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 8

Stronafian 6 2 2 1 11 1 3 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 9

GreenBurn 10 4 5 1 20 0 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 2 10

Milton 6 2 5 1 14 1 3 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 10

Tyndrum 3 0 5 0 8 3 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 0 10

Corriegrogain 2 2 5 1 10 0 6 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 11

Corrie 10 0 5 1 16 1 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 2 11

Torrie 10 4 7 1 22 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 5 12

Strath-nan-lub 10 2 2 3 17 1 3 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 12

Corriegrennan 10 0 5 1 16 1 6 1 0 1 1 2 0 2 14

Ormidale 6 2 5 1 14 0 6 4 0 1 1 2 1 0 15

Letter 10 2 7 1 20 1 6 1 0 1 1 2 3 0 15

Flanders Moss 0 0 2 1 3 6 6 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 16

Kirkton 6 2 10 1 19 0 3 2 0 1 2 2 3 3 16

Strathlachlan 10 2 2 1 15 1 6 2 0 1 1 2 1 2 16

Beinn Bhan 6 0 5 1 12 4 8 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 17

Ewich 1 2 10 0 13 4 1 1 0 1 5 2 3 0 17

Glenan 0 2 0 1 3 4 1 10 0 1 1 2 0 0 19

Glen Croe 3 2 7 1 13 1 6 1 0 1 5 2 1 2 19

Benmore 10 2 5 0 17 8 1 2 0 1 2 2 3 0 19

Inverardran 10 2 7 1 20 4 0 1 0 5 3 3 3 0 19

Strathyre East 10 0 7 1 18 1 6 1 0 1 2 3 3 3 20

85 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendices

Appendix five: Portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate

Forest block H+M Est & Roads Oth Total Cons BAP Native WIAT Community Recreation FHN NP/NSA Thin Total Maint income economic designation species tree species NMB score score

Garadbhan 10 2 10 1 23 1 3 2 0 1 5 2 3 5 22

Ross Priory 10 2 10 1 23 4 0 10 0 3 1 2 3 0 23

Corlarach 10 2 2 1 15 1 3 1 10 1 2 2 1 2 23

Cruach Tarbeirt 6 2 0 1 9 3 6 2 0 3 2 2 5 0 23

Butterbridge 0 2 0 1 3 4 1 10 0 1 2 2 3 0 23

Glen Finart 6 2 7 1 16 4 6 4 0 1 2 2 3 2 24

Glenbranter 6 2 5 1 14 1 3 1 0 1 3 3 10 2 24

Loch Eck 1 2 7 1 11 1 1 4 0 1 3 3 10 2 25

Strathyre West 6 4 5 1 16 1 6 2 0 1 2 3 10 3 28

Loch Chon 6 2 5 1 14 1 8 4 0 1 2 3 10 0 29

Cruach Benmore 1 2 5 1 9 1 6 2 0 3 3 2 10 2 29

Ardgartan 10 2 5 1 18 1 6 4 0 1 2 3 10 2 29

Peninsula 10 2 5 1 18 1 6 4 0 1 2 3 10 2 29

Balmaha 10 2 10 1 23 0 3 2 0 3 5 2 10 5 30

Achray North 6 2 5 1 14 1 8 4 0 1 3 3 10 0 30

Strathyre South 10 4 10 1 25 3 6 4 0 1 3 3 10 2 32

Achray West 10 2 5 1 18 3 8 2 0 1 3 3 10 2 32

Loch Goil 6 2 2 1 11 1 6 4 0 5 2 3 10 2 33

South Loch Ard 10 2 10 1 23 1 8 4 0 1 2 3 10 5 34

Callander 10 2 10 1 23 1 3 4 4 5 2 2 10 5 36

Ptarmigan 0 0 2 1 3 10 6 6 0 1 5 3 10 0 41

Drumore 10 0 7 1 18 10 8 4 0 1 2 3 10 5 43

East Loch Lomond 10 0 10 1 21 10 8 6 0 1 5 3 10 2 45

Achray East 10 2 10 1 23 10 10 4 0 1 8 3 10 5 51

Katrine 6 2 5 6 19 10 8 10 0 1 8 5 10 0 52

Legend BAP = biodiversity action plan; FHN = forest habitat network; H+M = harvesting and management, , NMB = non- market benefits, NP = national park, NSA = national scenic areas; WIAT = woodlands in and around towns initiative

86 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Appendices

Appendix five: Portfolio analysis scoring on the national forest estate

87 | Strategic plan 2009 - 2013 Strategic Plan

Forestry Commission Scotland serves as the forestry directorate of the Scottish Government and is responsible to Scottish Ministers Contact Cowal & Trossachs Forest District Aberfoyle Stirling FK8 3UX Tel: 01877 382383 Fax: 01877 382694 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.forestry.gov.uk/scotland

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