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National Library of

!< III I II II II II III I III I II *B000071022* &M&BTTEEU SCOTLAND

ARRANGED

Under the Various descriptions of

COUNTIES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PARISHES, CIVIL GOVERNMENT, ISLANDS, CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, CITIES, AND CHURCHES, , MANUFACTURE & COMMERCE; VILLAGES, NAVIGATION AND , LAKES, MINERAL SPRINGS. RIVERS, SINGULAR CUSTOMS, MOUNTAINS, LITERARY CHARACTERS, VALUES, AMUSEMENTS, AND ,LOCAL SITUATION, POPULATION.

AND WHATEVER IS WORTHY THE ATTENTION OF THE TRAVELLER, WHETHER REFERRING TO

The Scenery of the Country, or the particular Places which have been distinguished by the Valour or the Genius of Scotsmen.

% $efo (fftrttton, CAREFULLY REVISED AND CORRECTED.

THOMAS TURNBULL AND SONS, ,

THE GAZETTEER

OF SCOTLAND

ABE

A BBAY, or ABBEY of St BATHANS ; ABBEY-GREEN, a village in - , situated a parish in in , in the parish of Lesmahagoe ; so ite- the midst of the , about med from being built along the remains of 6 miles in length, and three in breadth. a monastery, dependent on that of Kelso t The soil is light and dry, and, on the banks founded by King David I. in 1140, and de- of the Whittader, fertile and well culti- dicated to St Macule. All that remains of vated; but the hilly district is barren, the monastery is a square tower, with bat- and covered with heath. Here are the tlements, now converted into a steeple to remains of an ancient abbey of Bernar- the church of Lesmahagoe. The village dines, founded in 1170, for which Ada, lies 12 miles S. of , and 4 from Countess of March swore fealty to Edward Lanark. It contains about 430 inhabitants. I. of , in 1296. The .Earl of ABSEY-HILL, a small village in the Weymss has lately built an elegant villa,, parish of South , suburbs of E- called the Retreat, about a" mile from the diriburgh, on the E. of the city, through Kirktown of Abbey. Population in 1811, which the new entrance by the Regent's 154. Bridge passes. Population, 550. ABBEY, a small village in the parish of ABBEY PARISH of . See Logie, about one mile N. E. of , on PAISLEY. the banks of the Forth, adjoining the ruins , once a parish in Roy- of . It is chiefly burghshire, now suppressed, and divided inhabited by weavers and salmon fishers. between theparishes of and South* ABBEY-CRAIG, a rock of considerable dean^

height in the parish of Logie, and county ABBOTS-HALL t a village and parish the of Stirling ; on the top is to be seen in the S. coast of the county of . The form of a battery, said to have been erect- parish is small and irregular, being In its ed by , when he laid siege utmost extent not more than 2 miles each to the Castle of Stirling without effect. way. Its general appearance is very plea^ A ABE ABE

Bitot, rising gradually from the coast north- for pavement, and grain ; the imports, hemp, ward, into pretty high grounds. The soil flax, linseed, tallow, and ashes. The Ab- is thin but exceedingly fertile, particu- bey, founded in 1178. by William I. is a larly in warm showery summers. Mr Fer- venerable ruin, well worth the attention of guson of Raith, one of the chief proprie- the traveller. Aherbrothock is a very an- tors of the parish, has lately made out some cient royalty, it being the general opinion extensive plantations around his seat, and that it was erected into a royal by erected a fine observatory on the highest , in 1180, and confirmed" ground in the parish, which has a very com- hi its privileges by a writ of novodamusfrom manding prospect. The district abounds James VI. in 15S9. It is governed by a with coal and lime-stone. In a quarry' of the provost, 2 bailies, a treasurer, and 15 coun-

latter, at Innertiel, are found some beauti. cillors ; and has 7 incorporated trades. The ful specimens of petrified patell*-, erttro- revenue is upwards of L.900 Sterling. It chi, cornua ammonis, and other marine unites with , Montrose, Inver- productions. The village of Abbots-hall bervie, and Brechin, in sending a repre- has long been noted for the manufacture sentative to parliament. The PARISH of checks. Population 3,000. is of small extent, being an erection, ABB'S (St) HEAD; a promontory well about two centuries ago, of the irnown to seamen, lying in the parish of and royalty into a separate parish from St. , and county of Berwick, about Vigean's, in which it was formerly includ- 1G miles N. W. of Berwick, and the same ed. Around the town tfie soil is rich and distances. E. of . fertile; but towards the N. W. there is a , a parish in the county of Fife, considerable extent of waste ground, the pro- of considerable extent, but greatly inter- perty of the community, which contains a sected by other parishes. It lies on the S. chalybeate springof considerable celebrity. bank of the , amongst those high Population, including that part of the town lands, which to the westward acquire the situated in the parish of St Vigean's, about appellation of the . The surface ,U000. is remarkably uneven, but the soil is in ge- ABERCORN, a parish and village in j neral fertile. It possesses three quarries of Linlithgowshire. The parish is of a rect- jcranife, of" which considerable quantities angular figure, about <£ miles long, andf3 a re shipped for paving tlie streets of . broad, lying on the S. bank of the Forth, a- T.wo bills, viz.. Clatchart Craig and Norman's bout 12 milss W. from Edinburgh. The

Law, are remarkable for their height and whole is arable ;.- about two-thirds are occu- precipitous fronts. Population 7S2. pied by plantations and the policies around , a village in , a Iiopetoun-house, the princely seat of the mile W. from Abernethy. family of Hopotoun, which never frilsto de- ABERBROTHOCK,or ARBROATH, a light the stranger by its external grandeur, sea-port town in the county of Angus or its tine paintings, its charming walks, and Forfar, situated at the mouth of the river tine prospects. The ruins of tl\e ancient re- Brothock, which flows inte the German sidence of the Earls of , near Ocean. It consists of two parishes^ Aber- Hopetoun-house, are worthy, the traveller's brothock and St. Vigean's, surreunded on notice. The village nud' church of Aber- the VV. N. and E. sides by eminences, in the corn are pleasantly situated. The monas- form of an amphitheatre. It lies 56 miles tery of Abercom was ene of the most an- N. N. E.from Edinburgh. The Town, ex- cient in Scotlaud, and the Castle, now a cepting the new streets, exhibits little re- complete ruin, was one of those stations or gularity. The town-house, which is mo- forts which the Romans occupied between dern, contains several public offices, and a Antoninus' wall and Ciamond, below Black- small Subscription Library. Besides the ness Castle, vide BLACKNESS. Abercom established churches, it contains an Epis- gives the British of Marquis, and the copal chapel, and othor places of worship Scottish title of Earl, to a branch of the fa- for dissenters. Fifty-six vessels belong to mily of Hamilton. The minerals of the pa- the port, whose united burden is about 4000 rish are limestone, freestone, coal, and iron Ions. Tbeharbouris small, butwell slultir- stone; but (he limestone only i.\ wrought. rd, and is defended by a battery mounting Population S8.0. parish in Perthshire, f> guns. A grent quantity of sail cloth is ABEHDAI.GY, a

manufactured here for the use of t be na- conjoined with that of Duplin. The united vy, besides other manufactures in llax nnd parish is 2 nnd n half miles in length, nnd tanning. The principal exports are stones nearly as much in ' breadth. The Eiifc ;

A'B E

•washes it on the S. side; and the soil is in terhead, Frazerhurgh, , Keith, and general fertile- —A bout a mile from the river Old Meldrum. It is divided into 85 pa- stands Duplin Castle, the seat of the Earl of rishes, which in 1S11 contained 13S,15l> Kinnoul. Population .513. inhabitants. The chief seats are, Huntly

ABERDEENSHIRE.—This extensive Lodge, the seat of the Marquis of Huntly ; county is hounded on the N. and E. by the Stain's Castle, Earl of Enrol; Keith Hall,

German Ocean ; on the S. by the counties Earl of Kintore ; Castle, Earl of of Kincardine, Forfar, and Perth; and on Aboyne; Lodge, Earl of Fife; Phi-

the W. by Banff, , and - lorth House, ; Putachie,

.— Its extreme length from E. to W. ; Ellon Castle, Earl of Aber- Is S5 miles, and 40 miles in breadth from deen. Besides these, , Fintry north to south. Its circuit is 2S0 miles, and House, Castle, Invercauld, Pitfour, its superficial area 19S6 square miles, or a- Logie, Elphinstone, Leith Hall, Free-field, bout 1,270,744 English acres. It compre- Abergeldy, Skene House, and Cluny, are hends the districts of Marr, , For- elegant residences. sends martin, Strathbogie, and greatpart of Buch- one member to Parliament. The valued an. Wild as this region is, it exhibits some rent of the whole county is, in Scottish mo- of the most interesting scenes to be met ney, L.241,931 Ss. lid. and the real land with in Sootland. The district of Marr, rent is estimated at L.200,000 Sterling. which may be considered as the centre of The weights and measures are, avoirdu-

Scotland, is wild, rugged, and mountainous ; pois, or English, for English goods, and some of the hills rising 4000 feet above the groceries, and salt butter, in the shops. level' of the sea. The boilers or bullers of Likewise for flesh, butter, cheese, tallow, , arrest the attention of all strangers hog's lard, and wool, in wholesale, reckon- by their' rugged and stupendous precipices. ing 2S lb. to a stone In some parts of the The rivers of Aberdeenshire are, the Dee, county, 26 lb. in others 22 lb. go for a stone trie Don, the Ythan, the Bogie, the Urie, of cheese and butter. Flesh, butter, cheese,

the Ugie, and the Cruden : the Deveron al- tallow, hog's lard, and wool, in retail, are so, for many miles, forms its boundary with sold by the Scots Troy, or Dutch, 17 and a the county of Banff. These rivers are cele- half ounces to the lb. Meal by the same, brated for the salmon with which they a- 8 stone per boll, and eoals 36 stone to the bound, the revenue of which is rated at boll. Butter and cheese by a lb. of 2S oz 1.36,000 annually.—The fisheries on the sea avoirdupois. Hay and feathers, by the coast are also prosecuted with great success. tron stone of 21 lb. Dutch, and 21 Scots Aberdeenshire contains many excellent Troy oz. to the lb. Hi the town of Aber- quarries. From those in the neigh- deen, they use a pint stoup, which contains bourhood of Aberdeen, upwards of 12,000 nearly a gill more than the Stirling jug or tons are annually exported to London, which legal standard. Plaiding and other coarse produces about L.8,400. It possesses anum- home stuffs, are sold by an ell of 38 and

ber of minerals and mineral waters ; but 1-1 2th inches. Wheat, rye, pease, beans, those of and Glendee are the meal, seeds, are measured by a firlot of most celebrated. Agriculture is making 2,688*504 cubic inehes, and contains 1 firlot considerable advances in Aberdeenshire, 4 pints 3 mutchkins, Linlithgow, or stan- and a greater number of cattle are probably dard measure. The boll is 22,353 per- reared here than in any other county of cent, better than standard. Oats, bear, Scotland, about 12,000 being annually sent and malt, by a firlot of 3,515,736 cubio to the south and to England. The princi- inches, and contains 1 firlot 3 pints, stan- pal manufactures of the country are in wool- dard measure, and the boll is 9,677 pep len, cotton, and linen cloth; also hosiery, cent, better than the standard. The weights cordage, and yarn. The first gives employ- and measures arc now changed by Act ofPar, ment to about 7000 persons; about 4000 liament, and are the same over Scotland. are occupied in the manufacture of-cotton ; ABERDEEN (OLD), olim Aberdon ; air and 3000 families are maintained by that of ancient burgh in the county of the same flax. The quantity of linen made in 1S0S, name, and formerly an episcopal see. It amounted to 314,556' yards; about 50 years is situated on an eminence on the river ago, the mere knitting of stockings brought Don, about a mile N. of the city of New A- L.120,000 annually into Aberdeenshire. A- berdeen, and nearly the same distance from berdeenshire contains three royal bo- the sea. It is a place of great antiquity roughs, viz. Aberdeen, Kintore, and Inve- but no authentic records are extant prior to

rury ; and aeveval handsome towns, as Pc- 1154, in which year it was erected by Davui ;

i ABE

I. into a free burgh of barony, holding di- pied by the town of New Aberdeen,) which rectly of the crown. This charter has been lies between the rivers Dee and Don. Over renewed by successive sovereigns, and was the Don there is a fine bridge of one Gothic- lastly established by a charter from George arch, built by Bishop Cheyne in 1281. The I. by which the power of electing their own arch is 97 feet span, and 34 1-2 feet high. magistracy is vested in the burgesses. The A rich vein of magnanese has been lately magistrates are, a provost, 3 bailies, a trea- opened near the banks of the Don, which surer, and council, with the deacons of 6 in- promises to turn out to much advantage. corporated trades. Here there are 3 small Population of the town and parish 13,731. hospitals, one founded by Bishop Dunbar in ABERDEEN (NEW), the capital of A- 1531, for twelve poor men, a Trades' hos- berdeenshire, is situated on a rising ground

pital for decayed freemen and their widows ; near the aestuary of the river Dee into the and Mitchell's hospital for the support of 10 German Ocean, 127 miles N. E.from Edin-

indigent females, opened in 1801. But the burgh, 14 N. E. of ; 33 N. W. chief ornament of this place is the King's of Peterhead; 118 S. by E. of Inverness;

College, a stately fabric, situated on the E. and 36 S. E. of Huntly ; 57 9 N. lat. and 1 side of the town. It was founded by Bishop 45 W. long. It is a large and handsome Klphinstone in 1506, and dedicated to St. city, having many spacious streets, lined on

Mary ; but, being taken under the immediate each side by elegant houses, generally four protection of the king, it was denominated floors in height, built of granite from the King's College. But though this is the date neighbouring quarries. The market-place, of the erection of the present building of in the centre of the city, is a large oblong the College, it appears that Pope Alexan- square. On the N. side of it is the town-

der, by a bull, dated in 1594, instituted in house, with a handsome spire ; and adjoin- Aberdon an University for the different ing to it the prison, a square tower, 120 feet

branches of Philosophy and Literature. The high, also surmounted with a spire ; so that building contains a chapel, library, museum, the whole has a very lofty appearance. Close common-hall and lecture rooms ; with a long to this is an elegant mason-lodge uniform range of modern houses, for the and opposite to the town-house, the Aber- accommodation of the professors and stu- deen Banking Company have erected an dents. Behind is the garden of the college elegant office of polished granite, which The library and museum are well furnish- gives to this part of the town an air of pe- ed. There are a number of bursaries for culiar splendour. In the middle of Castle poor students, the funds for the support of Street is the cross, the most complete, per- which amount to L.700. The session lasts haps, of any of the kind in the kingdom. It five months, beginning in November. The is an octagon stone building, highly orna- officers are, a chancellor, a rector, a princi- mented with neat bas-relievos of the kings pal, a sub-principal, and a procurator, who of Scotland, from James I. to James VI. has charge of the funds. The professors with a Corinthiau column in the centre, on are, of Humanity, Greek, Oriental Langua- the top of which is an . Two ele- ges, Civil Law, Divinity, Medicine, and 3 of gant streets, one forming an entrance from Philosophy. The numberof students in the the N. the other from the S. the latter passes winter ofisifi-181 7, was 1S7. Hector Boe- over an arch of cut granite, the span of thius was the first principal of the College, which is 132 feet, its height 29 feet, and its and was sent for from Paris forthat purpose, width within the parapets 40; these two on a salary offorty merits Scots. The crown have been opened, besides several lesser ones, by Is superior of both colleges ; having suc- by virtue of an act of Parliament, ceeded to the King's College upon the aboli- which the communication has been greatly tion of episcopacy, and to the latter on the improved. In the Upper Kirkgate is a attainder of the late Earl Marischal —There church which formerly belonged to the was formerly a magnificent cathedral in this Franciscans, founded by Bishop Elphing- his successors. town, dedicated to St. Machar ; but this, a- stone, and finished by one of long with the Bishop's palace, fell asacrifice The Marischal College and University was to tbe indiscreet zeal of the reformers. Two founded, and richly endowed, by George antique spires, and an aisle, now used as the Earl Marischal of Scotland, by a charter, parish church, are its only remains.— The dated 2d April 1593. The original founda- PARISH of Old Aberdeen, or Old Machar, tion was a principal, and two professors of is of considerable extent, being about S miles philosophy ; but, by some munificent do- long from E. to W. and from 4 to 5 broad, nations, there have been since added ano- comprehending the space (except thatoccu- ther professorship of philosophy ; one of di- ;

ABE 7 ABE vinity, and others for mathematics, chemis- lately erected at the expence of 1 0,0001. A try, medicine, and Oriental languages, and little to the E. of the town are the barracks, many bursaries for poor students. The erected in 1794, on the site of afortification buildings are situated in the Broad-street built by Oliver Cromwell. They are ele- of New Aberdeen, and contain, besides lec- gant and commodious, and capable of ac- ture rooms for the different classes, the pub- commodating upwards of 600 men. The lic school for the conferring of degrees, a ancient religious establishments in the city common hall, ornamented with some fine were numerous; but only four have been paintings by Jamieson and others, the lib- handed down to us by history. 1st, A Convent rary, and a small museum of natural history of Mathurines, or the order of the Trinity, and antiquities. The college also contains founded by King William the Lion : 2d, an observatory, well furnished with astro- The Dominican, or Blackfriars monastery, nomical apparatus. The officers are, the founded by Alexander II. 3d, The Obser- chancellor, the rector, the dean of faculties, vantine Priory, founded by the citizens and the regent, who is also professor of Greek, other private persons: And 4 th, the Car- and the principal. The number of students melite, or White Friars monastery, founded at both colleges is generally about 500 or in 1350, by Philip de Arbuthnot. The trade 400. Various attempts have been made to is considerable, but it might be greatly ex- unite the two colleges of New and Old A- tended by the prosecution of the White fish- berdeen, but without effect. The Crown eries. The harbour, which is formed by the is superior of both colleges, having succeed- Dee, was long a detriment to its trade, and ed to the King's College upon the abolition occasioned the loss of many lives and much of episcopacy, and to the Marischal College property. It was much interrupted by a on the attainder ofthe late Earl Marischal bar of sand, which shifted its situation so but has never interfered in the election of often, that a vessel could never depend on their chancellors or rectors. The Grammar finding it as it was left. This inconveni- School is a low but neat building, under a ence is now removed, by a new pier, on the rector and 5 teachers, who have good ap- N. side of the river, erected according to a pointments. There are a number of chari- plan by Mr Smeaton. It is 1 200 feet long, table institutions, of which the chief are, and gradually increases in thickness and 1st, The Poor House, a large building, ap- height as it approaches the sea, where the propriated to the reception of aged poor, head or rounding is 60 feet diameter at the and destitute children, supported by its base, and the perpendicular elevation 58. ownfunds, contributions from the town and The harbour has lately been still further

kirk-sessions, and voluntary donations : 2d improved, by carrying out the N. pier, Till lately, there was a Guild Brethren'; forming a wet dock, and other improve- Hospital ; but it was found more agreeable ments, which adds greatly to its security for the lodgers to receive an annual pen and capacity. These improvements have sion, and it was accordingly sold, and the been executed at an expense of 120,0001. charity put on that footing : 3d, Lady The whole is built of granite. Near the Drum's Hospital, for old unmarried women, great pier are two batteries, mounting ten founded in 1665, by Lady Mary, daughter of 12 pounders, erected in 1781-2, for the de- the Earl of Buchan, and widow of Sir Alex- fence of the harbour. Aberdeen once en- ander Irving of Drum : 4th, 's Hos- joyed a great share of North American pital, founded in 1733, and the governors trade; its chief imports are now from the incorporated by in it 1672; Baltic ; a few merchants trade to the Le- has a good revenue ; and from 60 to 66 vant and the West Indies. Its exports are boys are maintained and educated. 5th, stockings, thread, salmon, grain, and meal. The Infirmary, a large plain building, esta- From 1810 to 1811, there were entered in- blished in 1742, and supported by subscrip- wards 65 vessels from foreign ports, con- tions, collections, and donations ; the num- taining 9,017 tons, and 1,100 coasters of ber of patients annually relieved is about 78,676 tons. During the same period, there 900: 6th, The Lunatic Hospital, built by were entered outwards SI vessels for foreign subscription, about half a-mile from town, ports, containing 15,424 tons, and 750 coas- in 1800 : 7th, The Dispensary, also support- ters of 44,798 tons. The manufacture of ed by voluntary contributions, and having fine thread is carried on to a considerable to annually. from 200 500 patients Besides extent ; brown linen, osnaburgs, and can- these, every incorporated trade has a fund vas, are also manufactured. The salmon for decayed members ; and there are many fishings of the Dee and the Don form a va- friendly societies, A Bridewell has been luable branch of trade; the annual average ; ;.

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of exported salmon being 2000 barrels. A- the beach of the coast, is the rum of the an- berdeen also exported a considerable quan- cient castle of Dundargue. The greater part tity of pickled pork, which has a high repu- of the parish is mossand moor, interspersed tation for being well cured, and for keeping with small patches of cultivated land. It is on long voyagas. It is remarkable, that watered by 5 rivulets, the Troup, the Auch- there is not a single-decked vessel fitted out meddan, and the Alierdour, which emply

from this port for the herring or white fish- themselves into the Frith : at their uestuarics eries. Aberdeen has two private banking 3 fishing villages have been built. The only companies who issue their own notes; and plantations are around Aberdour-house. Po- an insurance company against tire has been pulation 1445. lately established on a respectable plan, and ABERDOUR, a parish ami town in Fife- with a large capital. Aberdeen is said to shire, forming a square of about 3 1-2 miles, have been erected into a royal borough as and lying along the north bank ef the

early as 893 ; but the most ancient charter of Forth. It is divided into 2 districts by a now extant is from King William the Lion, small ridge of hills running from E. to W. of which the date is wanting; but it must of these the N. district is poorly cultivated have been between 1165 and 1214, the pe- and altogether unsheltered by enclosures; riod of his reign. This is not to be wondered while the S. is fertile, and agriculture is well at, as the city was wholly burnt down by Ed- attended to. The small island of , ward III, in 1556, the inhabitants massa- is in this parish. The old castle of Aberdour, cred, and the records destroyed, in revenge the property of the Earl of Morton, stands for their having killed an English garrison on the eastern border of the parish, on the who oppressed them. Many other charters banks of a rivulet, which winding beautiful- have been given by successive monarchs. ly in front, falls into the . Its civil government is vested in a provost, Towards the N. of the castle is the elegant 4 bailies, a dean of guild, treasurer, a town mansion of Hillside. The town has a good council, and 7 deacons of the incorporated harbour on the Forth, about 10 miles N. W trades. An act of parliament was also pas- of Edinburgh. It is a place of considerable sed in 1795, empowering the inhabitants to antiquity. In the 12th century it belonged elect 13 commissioners of police, and for to the family of the Uiponts; from which it raising an assessment, pro re nata, for pav- went tothe Mortimers by marriage, and after- ing, lighting, and cleaning the streets, sup- wards to the Douglasses, one ofwhom, in 1457, plying the city with water, &c. Aberdeen was created Lord Aberdour and Earl of enjoys parliamentary representation, uniting Morton. Population 1S20. with Aberbrothock, Brechin, , ABERFELDIE, a small village in the and Montrose, in sending a member to Par- parish of Dull, in Perthshire, situated on liament. Its fairs are on the 2d Tues. of the Tay, about 6 1-2 miles N. E. from Ken- June, 1st Tues. of May, last Thurs. of Aug. more. Near it is a very complete druidical 1st Tues. of Oct. and 1st Tues. of Dec. temple. It lies on the great road, ABERDEEN, (NEW) or ST NICHOLAS, 77 miles from Edinburgh. a parish in Aberdeenshire, of small extent, ABERFOIL, or ABERFOYLE, a parish being confined to the limits of the town on iu Perthshire, 11 miles long, and 5 broad; every side, except the S. E. where it ex- forming the S. W. comer of the county, and tends to the sea, including Footdee, a con- the extreme precinct of the Highlands. It siderable village, having in it a neat chapel consists of along valley, and the surround- of ease. There is a fine bridge of 7 arches ing hills, forming together a great variety over the Dee, built in 1530 by Bishop - of landscape and mountain scenery. The bar, and rebuilt in 1724. Amongst the ma- bottom of the valley is occupied by the ny eminent characters bornin thisplace, we beautiful expanse ofwater forme d by the ri- shall only mention Jamieson, the celebra- ver Teith, which has its rise on the borders ted painter, afterwards named the Scottish of this parish. The chief of these lakes are Vandyke. Several works of this artist may Catherine, , and Loch Con be seen in both the colleges of Aberdeen. all of which abound with trout and pike; Population of the city and parish, 3S.540. and the chiefmountains are Benivenow and ABERDOUR, a Parish in Aberdeen- Benchochen. Limestone, coarse marble, and shire, in the district of Buchan, extending some good slate are wrought in the parish. along the , from E. to W. 6 1-2 On the banks of t he lakes the soil is early and miles, and from N. to S. its greatest extent fertile, but is little cultivated. The' hills h nearly 10.—Upon a rocky precipice, on afford excellent sheep pasture, and many of .

ABO them arc covered with oak woods of great shion erected in its stead. In the church value. Population 711. yard is one of these towers ^of which this ABERLADY, a parish and village In and another at Brechin are the only ones Haddingtonshire, bordering the Frith of in Scotland) which have puzzled antiqoa- Forth, about 15 miles E. from Edinburgh. rians to find their use. This one consists of It is watered by the small river Puffer, which 61 coursesofhewn stone, laid regularly. The at spring tides is navigable for vessels of 60 height is 7 1 feet, and the circumference 4S. or 70 tons, as far as the village of Aberlady, —The PARISH of Abernethy is of an ir- which contains about 390 inhabitants. A- regular figure, extending about 4 miles long the sea coast there is a considerable ex each way. It is situated a little below the tent of sandy links or downs; above this the conflux of the Earn with the river Tay. A- soil is light and early. The middle district griculture is yet in its infancy in this parish, is unproductive; but towards the S. there is and bat a fe w enclosures are to be seen. A a fertile bank extending the whole length small island in the Tay, called Mugdrum'i of the parish. Gosford, (one of the finest and isle, belongs to this parish. Baiv-aird castle most superb edifices in the kingdom) a seat stands among the hills, the property of the of the Earl of Womyss; and Ballincrieff, a Earl of Mansfield. Population 1 635. seat of , are in this parish. , an Population '912. united parish, nearly equally divided betv een ABERLEMNO, a parish inthe county of the counties of Moray and Inverness. It is Angus, tying on the banks of the South' Esk, about 15 miiesin length, and from 10 to 12 about 6 1-2 miles long, and 5 broad. The in bfeadUi. The surface is partly level, and surface is various, some parts hilly and co- partly mountainous. The soil is as various. vered with heath ; but the greater part Along the bank ofthe Spey there is a large flat and fertile. Here are two obelisks, one space of meadow ground liable to be over- inthe churchyard, and the other on the flown by the river.-The Nethy is the only road from Brechin to Forfar, erected to com- rivulet of any note. Loch Aven and Glen- memorate the total defeat of the Danes. more are the chief lakes. The Cairngorum Thej are about 9 feet high, covered with mountain, celebrated for its well known to- rude hieroglyphics. Population 975. pazes, stands in this parish. There are ABER.LOUR, a parish situated on the S. some very extensive forests of natural wood. banks of the Spey, in the western part of An ancient structure, (of which even tradi- the county of Banff. It is nearly ofthe form tion can give no account) 90 feet long, 60 of a wedge, being 9 miles long, and 7 broad wide, and 30 in height, stands in the neigh- at the longest end. The soil is in general bourhood of the church. Castle Grant, the fertile. It is watered by the Fiddich and a seat of Sir James Grant, is an elegant seat. few other rivulets, which abound in trout Population 1709. and eel. In the middle of the Parish stands , a parish In the county of the hill of Belrinnes, elevated 11 00 feet above Perth, among those hills that rise gradually the level of the sea. Population 923. from the Carse of to the top of Dun- ABERNETHY, an ancient town in sinnan- It is of an irregular oblong form, Perthshire, formerly the capital of the Pic- being 3 miles in length, and 2 in breadth tish kingdom. It is said to have been found- The low grounds are light, dry, and fertile, ed about the year 460. It was intended as but the more elevated are of a loose, poor, a retreat for St. Bridget, and 9 other virgins, and gravelly soil. The tops of the hills are who were introduced by St. Patrick to Nec- bare and rocky. There is a remarkable fall tan I. the Pictish monarch. Shortly after of water, nearly 60 feet perpenJicular, at it was erected into an episcopal see, and was the head of a den which extends to the the residence of the metropolitan, if not of Carse of Gowrie. Part of the hill of Duu- all Scotland, at least of that part which was sinnan is in this parish. Population 262. subject to the Pictish kings. But when ABERTARFF.— Vide Boleskine and A- Kenneth II. had entirely subdued the , bertarfF. he translated both to St. Andrew's, in 854. ABINGTON, a village in the parish of The town is a burgh of barony, of which Crawfordjohn, , on the road Lord Douglas is superior. Its government is from to . vested in 2 bailies aud 15 councillors. The A BOY NIT., a parish in Aberdeenshire, church, so remarkable for its antiquity, and composed of the districts of Aboyne and supposed to be the cathedral that was found- Glentanar. The cultivated part of the ed at the time the town was built, is now parish extends on both sides of the Dee, a- pulled down, and one of a more elegant fa- bout 1 miles in length, and three in breadth ; AIR I A L F but the mountains and forests of Glcntanar extending about 6 miles in length, and from extend nearly 10 miles farther. The soil is 3 to 4 in breadth. It lies partly in the vale very sandy and thin, particularly on the of Strathmore, and partly in the banks of the Dee, where, in dry seasons, the hills, which bound the strath on the north. crop is very scanty. Charlestownof Aboyne The surface, even of the lower part, is by ts a pleasantly situated little town, pretty no means level. Of the 5900 acres which much frequented by invalids for the benefit the parish is supposed to contain, 4000 are of the goat whey. It is a burgh pf barony, arable; the rest being mpor and moss, (in of which the Earl of Aboyne is superior, which there are inexhaustible beds of rock and has a weekly market. Population 905. and shell marie) and a small part occupied ACHESON'S HAVEN, a small harbour by plantations. Airly-castle, the residence and village near Prestonpans, in the county of the Earl of Airly, a line modern house, of East . It is often named Mori- e rectcd on the ruins of an ancient castle of Son's Haven. It v?as known as a port long the same name, is situated on a promontory

before Leith ; the remains of an ancient at the confluence of the rivers Isla and Mel- fort at the head of the harbour, destroyed gums. The population 928. hy Cromwell, are still to be seen. AIRTH, a parish in , about

ACHILTY (LOCH), a lake in the parish 6. miles in length, and 2 in breadth. The of Contin, in Ross-shire, of considerable ex- soil is a strong clay, abundantly fertile. It tent. It is remarkable that, except in the lies on the banks pf the Forth, and has 3 time of very high rains, there is no visible harbours for small vessels. In Dunmore running water issuing from it, though a hill, a few years ago, an anchor was found, great quantity runs into it. It probably dis- at least half a mile from the present course charges itself, by subterraneous passages, of the river. The whole parish, with the into the river Rassay, distant about a mile. exception of the hills of Airth and Dunmore, There is an artificial island, with the ruins is a plain. Population 2000. of a house upon it. AISLA, or AILSA, an insulated rock on ACHNAR, a small island ofthe , the western coast of Scotland, bet wixt the Jyingonthe south side of . shores of and . It is about ACHRAK1N (LOCH), a small arm of the two miles in circumference, and rises to a sea on the west coast of Ross- shire. great height, in a conical form. Its top is its source rabbits, AD, a river in Argyleshire ; has covered with heath and grass ; goats, in the marshes, in the northern extremity solan geese, and other sea fowl, are its only of the parish of Glassary, and falls into the inhabitants. On its top is a small edifice in sea at Crinan. ruins, whose origin or use is not ascertained. MBVDJEand EMODiE.—Vide Western It belongs to the Earl of Cassilis, who draws Isles and Hebrides. for it about L.30 annually. AFFULA, a small island at the mouth of AITHSTING. Vide . . ALBANY.or ALBAIN, the ancient name AFTON, a small river in Ayrshire, a of the interior of Scotland, which formerly of the tributary stream qf the Nith. It gives its gave the title of Duke to a branch name to a barony or district in the parish of royal family of Scotland. New Cumnock. ALCLUID, or ALCLUITH, the ancient AGAISH,or AIGASH, a small island in name of the castle of Dunbarton, (supposed Inverness-shire, formed by the waters of the to be the Balclutha of Ossian), the capital Beaulie. It is of an oval figure, about a of the kingdom of Strath-Clyde. mile and a half ja circuit, and covered with ALE, a small rivulet, which takes its rise Selkirk natural wood. from Alemour loch, on the borders of holding an eas- AIRDRIE, a small town in the parish pf and shires ; and EastMonkland, in the county of Lanark, si- terly course, after joining with other rivulets, tuated between two rivulets, on a beautiful falls into the Tweed a little above Kelso. It There is anothersmall vising ground on the high road between E- abounds with trout. name, dinburgh and Glasgow, from which last it river in Berwickshire of the same regularly built, fallsinto the Eye a little above Eye- is distant 10 miles. It is that with fine wide streets, extending nearly a mouth. the west mile in length- It was, by act of Parliament ALEXANDRIA, a village on town, with Lcveii, about 4 miles N. of Dun- in lb')3, erected into a market bank of the inhabitants, chiefly the privilege of holding a weekly and live barton, it contains 600 annual markets. Population 1S00. pmploycd in the neighbouring nrintficids. A1HLY, a parish iu.the county of Angus, ALFOllD, u pariah in Aberdeenshire, on ;

ALL A L V

the banks of the Don, 15 miles from Aber- river, filtered through a bed of sand of 70feet deen, S miles in length and from 4 to 5 surface. The town is governed by a baron miles in breadth. It contains SOOO Scotch bailie. Near the town stands the tower of acres; of which 1000 are arable; .1000 hill, , built about the 13th century. It is moor, and moss; and 1000 in plantations. about 90 feet in height, and the walls are The arable soil lies mostly on the banks of 1 1 feet thick. The tower and lands of Alloa the Don, and is generally fertile. In no part were exchanged in 13C5 by David II. with of Scotland is agriculture in a more back- Lord , for the estate of Stragarthney, ward state than in this parish. There are in Perthshire. Here the descendants of the two of very great extent in this parish Earls of Marr, once a powerful family, resid- and a man in armour, on horseback, was ed, until the adjoining mansion was lately lately discovered in one of the mosses. Po- burnt, and along with it some relics of royal pulation 714. donations. Further north lies the estate of ALFRAY, a district in Ross-shire, abound- , the scat of the family of Aber- ing with fir wood. cromby; also Shaw Park, a seat of the Earl ALGRISTON-HEAD, a promontory on of Mansfield. The PARISH is conjoined the W. coast of Ross-shire. with that of Tullibody, and extends about 4 ALLACHY, a small river in Aberdeen- miles in length, and 2 in breadth. It is wa- shire, whichjoins the Tanar, near the junc- tered by the Devon, which is its northern tion of that river with the Dee. boundary, and falls into the Forth a little ALLAN, a small river in Perthshire, which above the town. Population 5G9G. takes its rise at Gleneagles, in the parish of ALLOWAY, a small parish in Ayrshire, Blackford, and, passing by Dumblane, falls now of classic celebrity, by having given into the Forth, near Stirling. birth to . The " Aufd Kirk - * ALLANTOWN, a small -village in Ber- arid the "Brig" at a small distance from it, wickshire, in the parish of , at the the principal scene in his Tarn O'Shanter, junction of the rivers Whittadder and Black- are situated on the Doon. adder. ALMOND, or AMON, a river in Perth- ALLOA, a sea-port town and parish in shire, which rises in (lie top of the Narrow the county of , on the north Glen in the . It runs through

bank of the Forth, about 30 miles from E- the parishes of Monzic and Foulis ; and con- dinburgh. The town is pleasantly situated, tinuing its course between Logie Almond, has a safe and commodious harbour adjoin- Methven, and Bedgortan, falls into the Tay ing, to which is a dry dock capable of receiv- above Perth. Its banks are rocky and pic- ing large vessels. A great quantity of coal turesque. It possesses many waterfalls, on a is raised in the neighbourhood, which affords number of which extensive machinery has employment to a great number of people, been erected. andproduces about 35,000 tons yearly for ALNESS, a parish in the county of Ross, export. Extensive distilleries are carri- situated on the coast of the Frith ofCromar- ed on in this quarter, from which above ty, about 12 niiles in length, and from 2 to 1,000,000 gallons of spirits are some- 4 in breadth. Near the sea the surface is times shipped in a year. There are also flat, and the soil arable ; the rest of the pa- some extensive breweries, whose ales are rish is mountainous, and more fit for pas- in much repute in most parts of Scot- ture. There are two beautiful lakes in this land. There is likewise a glass manufactory parish, which discharge themselves by rivu- and an extensive iron foundery in the neigh- lets through two fertile vallies. Alness pos- bourhood. Steam-boats run daily during the sesses a rich iron mine, and a fine vein of summer betwixt this and Newhaven, which silver was lately discovered. The principal makes Alloa much resorted to during these seats here are Novarand Feaninich. Popu- months. (Vide DEVON RIVER, DOLLAR.) lation 1038. There is a custom-house -which compre- ALSVIG, an island on the N. W. coast of hends, under the port of Alloa, the creeks the Isle of Sky, about 2 miles in circum- on both sides of the Forth from Stirling to ference. Kincardine inclusive. The established ALTIVAIG, a small island on the coast church is a very ancient building, partly in of the Isle of Sky, with a good harbour. ruins. An elegant new church in the gothic ALVA, a village and parish in Stirling- style is just finished. There are 3 dissenting shire. It extends over a part of the Ochil chapels, an excellent grammar school, as- hills, and the valley on the banks of the ri- sembly room, and well selected subscription ver Devon. The highest of the Ochil hills, library ; water is broughtinto Alloafrom the Bcnclock, Is partly in this parish. The soil ;

T2 AND is various, and tolerably fertile. The sides the boundary between the shires of Mid of the lulls are richly clothed with verdure, Lothian and Linlithgow. It rises in the pa- which afFords excellent pasturage. A very rish of Whitburn, and after a precipitous valuable vein of silver ore was wrought some course, nearly N., falls into the Forth at Cra- time ago j and silver to the value of L.40,008 mond. or L.50,000 was computed to be raised. ANCTRUM, a parish and village situated Considerable quantities of native maleable nearly in the centre of the county of It ox- silver have been dug out. Population SSO burgh. It stretches 6 miles in length along

ALV AH, a parish in the county of Banff. the N. side of the ; but it* Its length is about 6 miles, and Us greatest breadth dees not exceed 4 miles. The wa-

breadth nearly the same. ' The river De- ter of Ale runs through the parish. The veron divides the parish Into two parts, soil is rich, consisting of clay and sand, and winding at the bottom ofa beautiful valley. in some places of a loam. The site of An- —The scenery, which is naturally pictur- crum House is very picturesque. The Ro- esque, has been greatly embellished by the man road from York to the Forth passes proprietor,, the Karl of Fife, The soil on through this parish. There are also the re-

the sides of the river is fertile ; but as we mains of a Roman encampment. The ba- recede, the surface becomes hilly and barren. rony of Langnewt on is annexed to this pa- Thshill of Alvah rises majestically to a con- rish. Population 1509. The village of An- siderable height^serving as a land-mark to crum is situated on the right bank of the mariners Population 991. Ale, 3 miles N. of . ALVES,aparishin Morayshire, contain- ANDERSTON, a populous village in the ing nearly 21 square miles. The surface is neighbourhood of Glasgow, and one of the agreeably uneven, and the soil is fertile and suburbs of that city, containing, in 1791 well cultivated- The road from Elgin to 4000 inhabitants. passes through it. It possesses seve- ANDREWS (St.) a parish In Fifeshire, a- ral inexhaustible quarries of freestone. Po- bout 10 miles in length, and 3 in breadth;, pulation 922. bounded by Leuchars on the N., on the N. ALVIE, a parish in , Inverness- E. by the German Ocean, on the S. E. by shire, about 16 miles in length, and from 2 Kingsbarns, on the S. by Denino, and on the to 3 in breadth. The hills in this parish are W. by Cameron aud Kembaclc. Along the

very lofty ; and the vallies afford excellent coast, the soil consists of a deep loam ; it is pasture. There is a small lake, which, with fertile, and produces excellent crops, and it

the other rivulets, contain trout ; and the is in a high state of cultivation, fn the Spey contains salmon. The great military higher parts of the parish, there is a good this soil, cover- road to Fort George passes through pa- ; deal of thin bare and some moor rish. An artificial cave, 60 feet long, 9 ed with heath. Agriculture is well under- j broad, and 7 high, covered with large flat I stood, and husbandry carried on upon scien- stones. Is within a few yards of the road. tific principles. A considerable number of Population 9GK cattle are reared in the parish, but few , a village and parish in the sheep. Population in ISfll, 4203—4311.

' county of Perth, on the N. side of the valley ANDREWS (St.) a of great ofStrathmore, and N. bank ofthelsla. The antiquity in the above parish , sometime the | part off the parish along the Isla is flat and seat ofregal government, Tong an archiepis. hilly. all Scotland, and fertile ;, but towards the N. it is more copal see, metropolitan of The rivulet Alyth, which rises in the upper still the seat of the oldest university. It part of the parish, runs through the town, lies in 56 19 N. lat. and 2 50 W. long, from andfalls. into (lie Isla a little below. Mount Greenwich, "9 miles N. N.E.from Edin- Blair, with a base of 5 miles circumference, burgh, 9 E. of , 10 N. W. of , lO rises in a conical form to the height of 1300 N. of , and 10 1-2 S. E. of Wood- feet. Population 2363. The village, which haven. St. Andrews is about a mile in cir- was erected into a burgh of barony by James cuit, pleasantly situated on a ridge of rocks of III. is pleasantly situated, and carries on a projecting into the sea, at the bottom the considerable trade in the linen manufac- bay to which it gives its name. It has a ture. fine southerly exposure, and the ridge on AMALP-IE, or AMULIUE, a small vil- which it stands, terminating in an abrupt lage in Perthshire, on the road from Stirling precipice, towards the E. N. and N. W. appearance of great ele- to Inverness, about 06 miles from Edin- gives the town an to great burgh. vation and grandeur ; and it is seen AXON, or AMOND, a river which forms advantage in approaching it cither from Ut* ;

AND 13 AND

Crail or Cupar roads. St. Andrews consists hot of Feme in Ross-shire, a young man of of 3 principal streets and a few lanes ; South- great accomplishments, and related to some j j street extends from the cathedral on the E. powerful families, was burnt before the gate

to the W. port ; is hroad, straight, and spa- of St. Salvador's college. In 1545, the fa- cious, and contains a number of elegant mous Mr Wishart was burnt before the cas- new houses; still, however, there are a tle on the 2d of March, with circumstances number of ruinous oldbuildings init. Mar- of peculiar barbarity. Thefront ofthe great

ket-street is in the centre ; is narrow at the tower was hung with rich tapestry, and

E. end : the town-house and jail stand in cushions of velvet were laid in the windows the middle of the street, a nuisance and dis- for the cardinal and prelates to repose on, grace. North-street, in which is St. Salva- while they beheld this most inhuman spec- dor's college, is broad and spacious, but the tacle. The execution of Wishart, and some houses are mean, ruinous, and wretched. others of inferior note, display the ferocious

To the N. of this was Swallow street, now temper of the priesthood of those days ; and

I called the Scores, said to be the chief resi- that religion, which, they say, is so well qua- j dence of the Merchants: not a house is here lified for softening the ferocity of our nature,

now ; but vestiges of doors and windows are seems only to have inflamed theirs to a visible in the walls which enclose the gar- pitch of cruelty almost beyond belief. The dens and corn fields. It is not easy to con- cardinal was so infuriate, that he forbade, jecture what might be the extent and popu- ' by proclamation, the inhabitants of St. An-

lation of this city anciently ; but from the pray for him under the severest , drews to

ruins which appear all around, and being ecclesiastical censures ; and, in his haste to the seat of an archbishop and his courts, the get Wishart burnt, the civil power was not abbeys, priories, and religious houses which trial, he i consulted at the and was executed it contained, and the university, as well as authority. By his unbound- ! by Beaton's own having an extensive commerce-— it will not ed ambition, relentless cruelty, and insup- be going too far to suppose the population portable arrogance, he raised up against then might be from 20 to 30,000. St. An- himself powerful enemies, who determined drews is a place where some of the most me- on his destruction. A conspiracy was form- morable events recorded in Scottish history ed against his life, at the head of which were transacted. In 1298, Edward I., after were Norman and John Lessley, sons of the defeating Wallace at , summoned a Earl of Rothes, who, with 14 persons more, Parliament to attend him at St. Andrews, assembled in the church-yard on Saturday where he compelled all its members to swear the 29th of May, 1546, at three o'clock in allegiance to him. In 1309, Robert Bruce the morning. Having gained admittance convened a Parliament here, who recognised into the castle by small parties at a time, his title to the crown. In 1337, the town, which was then repairing, they turned every being in possession of the English, under- one out, to the number of 150, and thus got went a siege by the Earls of Fife and March, possession of the place. They then pro- who made themselves masters of it in 3 ceeded to the Cardinal's room, who was still weeks. In 1401, David Duke of , in bed, and knew nothing of the matter making his escape from the cruelty of the but being awakened by their knocking at Duke of Albany his uncle, then governor of the door, he soon became sensible of his situ- the kingdom at Falkland, fled here to take ation. Being refused admittance, they for- possession of the for Castle the safety of his ced open the door ; the cardinal sitting in

person ; but was overtaken on the road, his chair, said, " Fy ! Fy 1 I am a priest, yon made a prisoner, and confined in that very will not kill me." They upbraided him in tbe castle he was flying to as a place of security. most opprobrious terms for the actions of his Here he was confined for some days, until past life, particularly for the death of Mr he was taken back to Falkland, where he Wishart. When Mr Melville, one of the was immured in a horrible dungeon, and conspirators, addressed him, " That it was starved ta death. St. Andrews has often ex- not out of hatred to his person, or desire of hibited scenes of religious persecution, and his wealth, but for his manifold crimes, and of the sanguinary temper of its ecclesiastics. because of his hatred and opposition to the In 1407, John Resby, an Englishman, was gospel of Christ, that they were instigated burnt alive, for disseminating the doctrines of to take away his life ;" he then stabbed him Wickliffe. About 24 years afterwards, Paul to the heart three times with a dagger. By Craw, a Bohemian, suffered the same fate, this the townsmen were alarmed, and came for propagating the tenets of Jerome and running to the castle in great numbers, de- Huss. In 1527, Mr Patrick Hamilton, ab- manding to see " My Lord Cardinal ;" whea AND 14 AND

the conspirators brought the body to that ficent structure was demolished by the de- very window where he sat with so much un- forming mob in 1559. John Knox preached feeling pride to witness the burning of a violent sermon against the monuments of Wishart, and exposed it to the view of the idolatry, in the town church, on Sunday the people with every mark of ignominy. The •5th of June that year, wherein he observed body was then well salted, and let down in- that "pulling down the nests would make to that horrid dungeon in the sea tower, the kays flee aff." This discourse, so well which he formerly used as a prison for he- suited to the capacities of a rude populace, retics. Thus Beaton met a fate he very whose minds had been prepared by the cru- justly merited; and it is to be recollected, elties and vices of the priesthood, set them that in the case of Wishart he usurped the to work instantly, in the demolition of supreme power of the state, which was high- all the religious fabrics in the city. In treason. The fate of this haughty prelate justice, however, to the reformers, it ought ought to be a lesson to all tyrants not to out- to be observed, that the destruction of this rage the feelings of humanity. It is true, cathedral was not the work of a day nor a

they can always procure discourses to be month ; the inhabitants of St. Andrews have made in favour of passive obedience and non- been piously engaged in its overthrow for resistance; but the history of every country, two centuries, not through hatred of idola- and of all times, gives us sufficient proof, try, but for the love of the stones. Stran- that there are spirits who will never submit gers viewing the magnificent ruins of this to injustice, and that tyranny has limits it city are struck with abhorrence at the re- cannot pass. The conspirators were shortly ligious zeal which caused the demolition of after joined by 120 of their friends, and held such splendid fabrics. But we should also out the castle for more than a year; they at look at the horrible dungeon in the sea- last capitulated on honourable terms, after tower of the castle, where heretics were

a siege of 4 months. In 15.58, St. Andrews confined, and remember t he bonetires that witnessed another of these inhuman " auto were made of human beings, to glut the defes." Walter Mylne. an infirm old man, vengeance of a rampant priesthood, im- above 80 years of age, priest of Lunan, near mersed in the most profligate debauchery. Montrose, was burnt in the spring of this These considerations ought to moderate year for heresy. So strongly was the resent- our censures of the reformers, and ought to ment of the populace expressed on this oc- be a lesson to those in power. The reve- casion, thathe was the last victim of Popish nues of this see in 15G1, were in money

cruelty in Scotland.—The ruins of antiquity L.2901 7s. 2d. Scots ; 50 ch. 9 bolls of are grand and magnificent, and give us a wheat; 41 ch. 10 bolls of bear, and b'7 ch. Tiigh idea of the splendour ofthe city in for- of oats, besides landed estates ; so that the mer times. The chapel and tower of St. revenues of the archbishopric could not be Regulus is by far the most ancjent structure worth less than L.10,000 of our present mo- in the place; the date of its erection is un- ney. The Augustine priory was situated to the S. of cathedral, certain ; but it is unquestionably more than W. the and founded 1000 years of age. The chapel is a small in 1120 by Bishop Robert, in the reign of "building adjoining the E. side of the tower, Alexander I. The prior of this church 31 1-2 feet long, and 25 broad; the walls wore, in all public meetings, and in solemn are still entire, but it has no roof. The services on festival-days, the pontifical or- tower is of the same dimensions with the naments, viz. a mitre, gloves, ring, cross, breadth of the chapel, 25 feet each side, and crossier, and sandals; and in Parliament rises to the height of lOSfeet; there is an had precedence of all abbots and priors. inside stair by which it is ascended with ease. The priory was very rich, and its revenues The cathedral was founded in 11.59 by Bi- equal to, if not greater than the archbisho- shop Arnold, and finished in 13X8 by Bishop pric. In 1561, the revenues of this house

Lamberton, 160 years after its foundation. were as follows : Money L.2257 ISs. Id. Its length from R." to W. was 370 feet with- wheat 3.8 ch. 1 boll ; bear 152 ch. 7 bolls; in the walls, 65 broad, the transept ISO from meal 114 ch. 3bolls; oats 1.51 ch. lObolls; N. to S. at the distance of 230 feet from the beans and pease 3 ch. 7 bolls. All that re- W. end. It had high towers, one on each mains of this large edifice is a vault or two, corner oftbe church, one on the S. gable of part of the gate, and the wall which sur- the transept, and one in the centre of the rounded the premises is still almost entire; church. Three of these towers still remain, it has 16 round and square towers, and ex- each 100 feet high, that in the centre must tends S70 yards in length, 22 feet high, en- closing 18 acres of ground. The Domini- have been considerably more. This magni- I AND V. AND cans had a convent in this city, without the deep, and wholly cut-out of the solid rock. W. port of the Northgate, founded by And into this infernal hole were heretics and William Wishart, bishop of that see, in other victims of Popish tyranny immured. 1274; the convents of Cupar and St Mo- When it was discovered, several cart loads nance were annexed to this place by of human bones were found in it. James III. James V. nothing at present remains of was bom in this castle. The university was this house but a small part of the garden founded by Bishop Wardlaw in 1411, and wall. No rental of it is preserved that we confirmed by Benedict XIII. in 1412. For know of. The Observantines or Greyfriars 61 years after the foundation, lectures were had a convent in this city, founded by Bi- read in a building which formerly went by shop Kennedy, and finished by his succes- the name of the Pedagogy, where St. Mary's sor Patrick Graham, about the year 117S, College now stands ; and notwithstanding and dedicated to St. Francis. This convent the amazing number of students, the pro- stood in the South Street, where the Gram- fessors had no fixed salaries, and the scho- mar school now stands. The only remains lars lived entirely at their own expense. In of these buildings is a small fragment with 1455, the celebrated Bishop Kennedy found- an arched roof, in the Gothic style, ex- ed St. Salvador's College, in North-street. tremely elegant, supposed to have been the The buildings of this college form three sides north crossaisle of thechapel. No account of a square, with a handsome steeple and of the revenues are to befound. There was spire, 156 feet high over the gateway, in another religious house, called the Provostry which is a clock. The chapel of this col- of Kirkheugh, situated on the high ground lege serves as a parish-church to St. Leonards; above the harbour, said to be the most an- it had a fine Gothic roof, which was remov- cient religious establishment in St. An- ed about 70 years ago, and the beautiful drews, now wholly destroyed. It consisted of tomb of the founder much injured by the a provost and 9 prebendaries : the revenues ignorance of the architect who conducted in 1561 were, in money, L.176 14s. Sd. the repairs. In this tomb were discovered, bear 5 ch. 9 bolls; meal 9 ch. 11 bolls, in 1 683, six silver maces of very elegant oats 1 ch. 6 bolls; kainfowls5 doz. To the workmanship; one was presented to each N. of the town stand the ruins of the cas- of the other Scotish universities, and 5 are tle, said to be built by Bishop Roger, about still retained by this; one of which is of

the year 1200 ; it was repaired and en- much superior workmanship, and a model larged by Bishop Lamberton, about 1328. of the tomb. In this college are to be seen 2 It sustained several sieges in the wars with silver arrows, which were annually shot for England, and continued in a ruinous state about half a century ago, with a great num- for a long period, until it was repaired by ber of medals appended to them, on which Bishop Trail, about the end of the 14th is engraven the name,&c. of the victor. St. century, who died here in 1401. He was Leonards, founded in 1512. by Prior Hep- buried in the cathedral church, with this bum, stands at the E. end of South-street;

singular inscription over him : the buildings have been sold and converted into other purposes since the union of this " Hie fuit ecclesia? directa columna, fe- college with St. Salvadors in 1747 ; and the nestra two thus united go by the name ofthe Unit- Lucida, thuribulum redolons, compana ed College. In the United College there are a principal, and professors of Latin, Greek, logic and rhetoric, moral philosophy, na- " He was the church's upright pillar, lucid tural philosophy, mathematics, civil history window, sweet smelling censer, and sound- and medicine. It has 16 foundation bur- ing bell '." It appears to have been a quad- saries, which entitle the possessor to board

rangular building, surrounded by the sea on during the session ; these are disposed of by

the E. and N., and defended on the land competition ; and 23 other bursaries in the side by a fosse. The sea hath made great gift "of individuals, of different values. The encroachments on it, and part of the E. wall session in this college continues rather more was washed away by the sea in 1801. In than 6 months. This college is patron of 8 IheN.W corner is the dungeon or keep of parish-churches. St. Mary's, or Divinity the castle; you enter through two vaults, College, is in South-street; something to- in the innermost of which is a hole in the wards the erection of this college was done floor, about 7 feet diameter, which descends by the two Beatons. Their successor, Arch- perpendicularly 7 orSfeet.and then gradual- bishop Hamilton, was the first who intro- ly widens to 1 7 at the bottom, which is 22 feet duced lectures there, about the year 1557. ;

A N^ 16_ A_N_G

It has a principal, and professors of divinity, ter still preserved in the town-house. It is church history, and oriental languages. It governed by a provost, 4 bailies, a dean of has 8 foundation bursaries belonging to it, guild, a treasurer, and council. It has 7 and 8 others in the gift of individuals of dif- incorporated trades, and joins with Cupar, ferent values. The session in this college , Perth, and Forfar, in sending a lasts only 4 months; the number of students member to parliament. It has 5 annual at both colleges, is about 160. Adjoining to fairs, 2d Thurs. April, 1st Tues. July, 1st St. Mary's, on the E. is the university library, August, 29th September, and 50th Novem- a room about 76 feet long, and 28 broad, ber, all O. S. There is alsoa united Secession and the same height. It contains 20,000 meeting-house. Population in 1S01, 3263. olumes. Immediately below the library is ANGUS, or FORFARSHIRE. This the room where the parliament met that county and that of Kincardine wereformer- condemned to death Sir Robert Spotiswood, ly a part of the Pictish kingdom, and an- and 5 other royalists, after the battle of ciently known under the general name of Philip-haugh in 1645. The town-church Horestiu or Forestia. Angus-shire lies on was builtabout 1112, but almost rebuilt in the N. bank of the river Tay, and is bound-

1 797 : it is a large lump of a building with a ed on the N, E. by the Northesk river, which

steeple and clock, well fitted up within ; separates it from ; by the

but its external appearance has nothing at- German Ocean on Ihe E.and S. E. ; the Tay tractive. In the S. aisle is the magnificent, on the S. ; Perthshire on the W. ; and on tomb of Archbishop Sharp, who was killed the N. it is separated from Aberdeenshire by some of the in Magus moor, by the Grampian hills for the space of 26 on the 3d of May 1679. It is indeed a piece miles. Its utmost extent, from the eastern of exquisite workmanship, with a very flat- coast to the Grampians, is about 48 miles tering epitaph inscribed. But who need and from Mount Petie, on the boders of want a tomb and epitaph that can afford to Perthshire, to the mouth of the Northesk ri- pay for them ? If our information be cor- ver, about 42. It contains 1016 square miles, rect, the heirs of Sharp could not get the tomb or 512,064 3cres. The county isdivided in erected until they mortified a sum to the many places by hills ofconsiderable eleva- poor of the parish, 21. 10s. yearly, which is tion, forming vallies or glens between them. still paid. The town-house and prison stand At the foot of the grampians lies (he exten- in the middle of Market-street ; the build- sive valley of Strathmore, which extends ing is a disgrace to the town, and a nuisance from to Aberdeen, nearly on the Street. St. Andrews had anciently a the whole breadth of the kingdom. Be- very extensive foreign trade, and at a fair, sides Strathmore, there are other vallies of which commenced in the beginning of A- less note, which receive their names from pril, and lasted 15 days, there have been be- the rivers which run through them; as Glen- tween 2 and 300 vessels in the port. At pre- isla, Glenprossin, Glenesk, &c. The Mel- sent 9 vessels belong to it, from 40 to 250 gum, Carrity, Moran, Lunan, , Dichty, tons, employed in the wood and coasting &c. are rivers of inferior note. All the ri- trade. The harbour is narrow and of diffi- vers of the county rise in the northern parts lately and all (except Isla, which runs W. in the cult access ; but a plan has been given in by Mr Rennie for enlarging and deepening valley of Strathmore to fall into the Tay,) empty themselves into the German Ocean, it. The estimate is L.18,000. should the plan be adopted, the advantage arising from towards the S. and E. The coast ofthis coun- ty is bold rocky, presenting dreadful pre- it would be great, both to the place and to and the coasting trade in general, as frequent cipices tothesea. About 12 miles 6. E.of accidents happen to vessels in the bay for Arbroath, is the Bell-rock or Cape, upon want of a proper harbour. A suit of baths which so many vessels, previous to the re- was erected lately, to the west of the castle, cent erection of the light-house, were wreck- well known promon- which will draw company hither in the sum- ed. The Red Head, a square has been laid tory, upwards of 200 feet perpendicular, ter- mer season ; and a new minates this rocky front. The principal har- out in North-street, to the east of the united of Dundee, college.—The manufactures of this place are bours on this coast are those A- considerable inconsiderable, some of osnaburgs berbrothock, and Montrose. A belong to these ports, and linen, with a canvas manufactory on a number of vessels about 40 which arc mostly employed in bringing flax very good principle, whicii employs into a roy- and hemp from the Baltic, and in exporting •looms. St. Andrews was erected its privileges con- sail-cloth and brown linens, tlu: chief ma- al burgh by David I. and nufacture of the county. Angus-shirc con.- firmed by Malcom II. in a very laconic chai- ;

ANN A N W

tains 5 royal boroughs, viz. Dundee, Ar- discharges itself into the Solway Frith, after broath, Montrose, Brechin, and Forfar a course of nearly 30 miles. It abounds with / j with the small towns ©f Glammis and Kir- salmon and excellent trout.

riemuir, which are all occupied in the linen I , a or district of

manufacture. It is subdivided into .53 pa- I -shire, anciently a part of the Ro- rishes, and sends a representative to parlia- province of Valentia. | man It became a ment. The soil ofthe low country is various, lordship under the Bruces, who took their J

but generally fertile. There are a number I title from it. After several revolutions in

of black cattle reared in the county, and a I the succesion of its superiors, it is now in few sheep are pastured on the mountains. possession of the Hopetoun family. Loch- j The inhabitants on the coast are well sup- maben castle was the chief fort in this dis- plied with coal; but , turf, and furze, trict, and formerly was deemed almost irh-

foim the principal fuel in the more inland I pregnable. Annandale is a fertile vale, ly- parts. The county is interspersed with ma- ing on both sides of the Annan, about j 23

ny fine seats of nobility and gentry ; the miles long, and 14 broad. It is bounded on shires principal of which are Brechin Castle, Pan- the N. by the of Lanark and ; mure House, Glammis Castle, Ethie House, on the W. by ; on the S. by the Kinnaird, and Airley Castle. Freestone a- Solway Frith; and on the E.by .

bounds in most parts ; and there are several From its having bet^n a Roman province, it limestone quarries. The valuedrent of the abounds with Roman stations and antiqui- county is stated in the books of the shire at

L. 17 1,636 ; and the real land rent is estima- ANN AT, or C AMBUS, a small rivulet in ted at L 122,000. Population 107,264. the parish ofKilmadock, county of Perth. It ANNAN, a royal burgh sea-port town, joins the Teith at the church of Kilmadock. and parish in Dumfries-shire. The town is ANNOCK, a small river in Ayrshire, situated near the discharge of the river An- which, after a course of about 12 miles, nan into the Solway Frith; and is one of falls into the Irvine, near the town of that the most ancient in Scotland, having re- name. ceived its charter from Robert Bruce. It ANSTRUTHER EASTER, aroyalburgh has been of late much improved by new in the county of Fife, 25 miles east from streets and buildings. At its east end is a . It possesses the bestharbour on fine new church, and on the west are the the east coast of Fife. Though formerly a town house and market places. There is a place of some importance, it is now little bridge of 5 arches over the Annan at this more than a paltry fishing village.—The pa-

place ; and not far from it are the ruins of rish is small, and the soil sandy and unpro- a castle built by the family of Bruce. The ductive. Population 1000. mouth of the river forms an excellent har- ANSTRUTHER WESTER, a royal burgh bour, having water sufficient to permit ves- in Fifeshire, adjoining to that of Anstruther sels of 300 tons to approach within half a Easter. It was constituted a royal burgh in mile ofthe town, where a commodious quay 1583, and still enjoys a parliamentary repre- has been lately erected. The town is go- sentation. The parish is small, and does not verned by a provost, 2 bailies, a treasurer, contain more than 600 acres. Population dean of guild, and 9 councillors. It joins 405. with Dumfries, , , and ANTONINUS' WALL, a barrier erected , in sendinga member to Par- by the Romans to protect their conquests in liament. The revenueofthe burgh is about the south of Scotland. It was constructed

L-700 Sterling per annum ; and the popula- by Lollius Urbicus, the lieutenant of the tion about 2,500. The PARISH ofAnnan Emperor Antoninus, about the year 138, to is about 8 miles in length, and from 1 to 3 connect the chain of forts, formerly erected in breadth, containing 171-2 square miles. by Agricola, between the Friths of Forth The surface is mostly level, and the soil a and Clyde. It afterwards received the ap- rich clay. Though there arelarge tracksof pellation of Graham's, or as some will have barren heath-covered moor, the elevated it, Grim's Dyke, ofthe origin of which name parts of the parish are ornamented with nothing is now known with certainty. planting. It abounds with lime, granite, Though nownearly demolished, its vestiges and freestone.—There is an excellent sal- in several places can be distinctly traced. mon fishery on the Annan. Population of ANWORT H , a parish in the stewartry o f the town and parish 3341. Kirkcudbright. Its extent is about 6 1-2 ANNAN, a river' which rises in Peebles- miles in length, and 3 1 -2 in breadth. The shire, and flowing through Dumfries-shire, river Fleet runs on the borders of the parish C A P P ] A R D

for 7 miles, and the sea bounds it on the passes through it. It contains 17 1-2 •south for about 3 miles. The sea coast is square miles. The lands are in general

rocky ; but the Fleet is navigable to small good, and well manured with lime. Po- vessels for three miles. The surface has in pulation 85S. general a hilly appearance, one of the hills, ARBROATH. Vide ABERBROTH- Carmharrah, rising to the height of 1100 OCK. feet. There is a bridge over the Fleet at ARBIRLOT,asmall parish in Angus-

Gatehouse ; and a small village has been e- shire, about 4 miles in length, and 2 .in rected on the Anworth side of the river. breadth.—-The little river Elliot runs There are several relics of antiquity in the through the parish, the sides of which are parish, of which the town of Rusco and the very romantic. The ancient castle of Kel- castle of Cardoness are the chief. Popula- ly is much admired for its picturesque si- tion 740. tuation. The soil, with the exception of AOREIDH, or ARA Y, a river in Argyle- the sandy district along the sea coast, is a shire. It rises among the mountains at the fine and fertile lcam. Population 1014. back of Inverary, and, after a course of 9 AR.BUTHNOT, a parish in Kincardine- miles, falls into the sea at the head of Loch- shire, of an irregular triangular form, near- Fine. ly 5 miles in length. Its surface is unequal, , an extensive highland district, having 2 vallies, with their corresponding on the mainland of Argyleshive, lately unit- ridges. In one of them runs the water of ed to the parish of Lismore. The extentof Bei-vie, whose banks are adorned with the

Appin is not ascertained ; but it cannot be elegant mansions of Arbuthnot and Allar- estimated at less than 50 miles in length, dyce. The parish contains 9433 acres. It and on an average 10 in breadth. Glencoe possesses some excellent free stone quar-

lies in this district ; the water of Coe, and ries. Population 9GS. the rirulets Coinich, Dorror, Eallychelish, ARCHAIG LOCH, a fresh water lake in Laroch, and Leven run through it. There the county of Inverness, 1G miles long, and are several fresh water lakes, and extensive 1 1-2 broad. It abounds with severalkinds arms of the sea, which bear the name of of trout. It discharges itself by the river lochs, viz. Lochs Linnc, Creran, Ell, and Arch?.: g into Loch Lochy, which is about a Leven. Black and white marble are found mile distant.

in different parts ; and at Eallychelish is a ARD (LOCH), a lake in the parish of A- quarry of fine blue slate. Castle Stalkir, a berfoyle, Perthshire. It is the last of a chain ruin of great beauty, stands upon a small of lakes, through which the island in Loch Linnet and on an island in passes, at a short distance from its source, are the ruins of a chapel dedi- and which contributs to form it into a ri- cated to St. Mungo. Airds, the seat of Mr ver. At the lower extremity of Loch Ard

Campbell, is- pleasantly situated on Loch it bursts forth with great magnificence o- Creran. Inverscadle House, the seat of ver a rock near 30 feet high. Loch Ard is' Macdonaldof Glencoe, is a fine building. about 3 miles In length, and 1 in breadth. In this district, more attention is paid to ARDARGIE, a small village in Perth* ^ sheep farming than to agriculture. For shire, in the parish of , situa- '•

the population, see Lismore and Appin. ted amongst the Ochil Hills. N , a parish in Ross-shire, ARDCHATTAN and MUCKAJRN, a •

extending at least 25 miles along the coast. united parish in Argyleshire, about 21 miles , rocky, in breadth. Its surface is mountainous and in- in length, and on an average 20 ,

terspersed, however, with several fertile The surface is mountainous, and approprl- ^ valleys, and some natural woods. Breeding ated to the pasturing of sheep. Tha, most ofcattle is the principal employment of the considerable rivers are, the Aw, the^, farmer. The rivers, of which Firdon and and the Etie. , one of the Applecross are the chief, abound -with highest hills in Scotland, is in this parish,

trout and salmon ; and the sea contains Loch Etive, an arm ofthe sea, is a fine sheet plenty of excellent fish. —There is a rich of water, with ornamented banks. In this copper mine in the northern district of the district stood the celebrated city of Bere- parish. Population 2297. gonium, for many ages the capital of Scot- APPLEGARTH, a parish on the banks land, and said to have been founded by Fer- of the Annan, in the county of Dumfries. gus II. Tradition reports that this city was Its length is about 6, and its greatest destroyed by fire from heaven. There is still breadth nearly 5 miles. The great road standing a part of the walls ofan old priory, from Carlisle to Glasgow and Edinburgh founded in the 13th century; and the drut- A R D 19 R G clical monuments are so numerous that it 26,000 men. There is a communication would be almost endless to enumerate with a smaller encampment, at a short dis- them. Ardmucknage is the only mansion tance, in which several helmets, spears, &c. of any note in the district. Population 1415. have been found. From this place the , a parish situated on each great Roman highway runs eastward nearly

side of the river , in the extremity I to Perth, where the Roman army passed of Nairne. It is a hilly, moun- over the Tay into Strathmore. ofthe county j tainous district, extending in length 12, ARDOCH, a small river in Perthshire, and in breadth 7 miles. A few black cattle which rises f;om Loch Maghaig, in the and sheep are reared in the parish. The parish of Kilmadock, and runs into the Teath, Findhorn contains salmon and trout. Po- | at the castle of Doune. pulation 1275. , a parish in Ayrshire,

ARDEKSIER, a parish in the county of i extending alongthe western coast, in length Inverness. Its length is 2 1-2 miles, and about six miles, and about 4 in breadth. its breadth the same. Its surface is flat, with The surface is a mixture of hilly and flat

a few eminences, and towards the sea it is country, in most places lit for the plough ; bold and rocky The soil is various, but ge- though even the best lands of the parish are nerally fertile, Fort George,which is situated under pasture. The town of Saltcoats is in this parish, affords a ready market for the partly in this parish, and the new town of produce of the farms. Population 1 287. Ardrossan. There are some remains of ARDLE a river in Perthshire, in the pa- Danish encampments on a hill on the North rish of Kirkmichael, which after watering side of this parish. The ruins of the castle the valley of Strathardle, unites with the of Ardrossan shew it to have been a place S hee or Black water in forming the Ericht. of considerable strength. Population in ARDMEANACH, orBLACK ISLE, adis- 1311,2526. trict in Ross-shire and , contain- ARDROSSAN, a village in the above pa- ing eight parishes;, which form a peninsula. rish, begun by the Earl of Eglinton about It has received that namefrom beingmost- 10 years ago. It is situated on a promon-

ly a black uncultivated moor. The ridge of tory 1 mile N. of Saltcoats, and 28 S. W. of hills called Mulbuy extends nearly the . A strong pier 900 feet long is whole length of the district. already finished, and when the one on the , an extensive parish N. is built, it will form by far the most se- ofArgyle and Inverness-shires, being form- cure and capacious harbour in the mouth ed by the annexation of five several parishes of Clyde, where vessels of any draught of under this general name. Its extent may be water can go in and out with all wind:.. reduced to the superficies of a square of 20 When the is completed, it will airbrd miles, comprehending aboul 275,280 acres, communication with the interior of the of which it is ;upposed 200,000 are land. country as far as Glasgow. A large and

Part of the parish is a peninsula, formed by- elegant hotel , and a suit of warm and cold two arms ofthe sea, called Loch and baths, are already built, so that Ardrossan

Loch Sheil ; in the last of which is a little has become a place of genteel resort in the island, named St. Finan, where formerly a summer season. The town is built on a church was erected. The Ru, or extremity regular plan, and as stone and lime are to ofthe peninsula above mentioned, is the be had on the spot, it is rapidly advancing- most westerly point ofthe mainland of Great ARDROSSAN CANAL, (Vide CANAL). Britain, and the most remarkable headland ARDSTINCHAR, or STINCHAR, a froni Cape Wrath to the , river of considerable size, which takes its

between which it is centrically situated. rise in the eastern part of Ayrshire ; and At Strontian, is this parish, a new mineral continuing a rapid course for the space of was discovered, the properties of which 26 or 27 miles, falls into the Atlantic at wereanalysed by Dr Hope, who distinguish- Ballantrae. ed it by the titles of Strontites. Lead mines ARGYLESHIRE, anciently called AR- are wrought at Strontian to the value of GATHALIA, is said to have been a part of L. 4-000 annually. Population 5151 the ancient Caledonian kingdom, while the ARDOCH.asmall village in the parish Romans and Picts were in possession ofthe of Muthil, Perthshire, through which the greaterpart of Scotland. li extends about great road from Stirling to the Highlands 114 miles in length, and 53 in breadth, ex- passes. Near it is the most complete Roman cluding the isles. It contains 2 royal

camp in Scotland. It is 1 0S0 feet in length, boroughs, and 49 parishes. It is divided snd 900 in breadth, and could contain into 5 districts, viz. Kintyre, , A R R '20 R T A

Cowal, Lorn, and Argyle proper; bounded the Romans called Glotta, or Glotta JEs-

on the S. by the and the Clyde ; on tuarium. Its form is in some degree oval,

the E. by Perth and Dunbartonshires ; on and extends from N. to S. nearly 24 miles,

the N. by Inverness-shire ; and on the W. and from E. to W. about 14. From the by the . Argyleshire was time this Island was ceded to the Norwe- much infested, in ancient times, by preda- gians by Donald Bane, it has undergone tory intruders, and was in consequence the several changes of proprietors, and is now scene of many engagements. Many monu- in the possession of the Hamilton family. ments of the remotest antiquity still remain It afforded to an asylum to demonstrate the warlike spirit of the for- during his distresses. The coast is indent-

mer inhabitants. The surface of this ed with various harbours ; in particular, country is, like the other parts of the High- at the S. E. quarter, is the commodious lands, mountainous, bleak, and uncomfor- harbour of , covered by an islet,

table to the view ; covered with heath, and where 500 vessels may ride at anchor. To in some places exhibiting rugged and bare the northward of Lamlash is Loch Ransa, rocks, piled on one another in dreadful dis- another spacious harbour. The face of the order. The coast is rocky, but indented country is rugged and mountainous. Goat- with navigable bays and lakes, affording field, or Gaoilbhein, the highest hill, rising safe harbour for shipping. The lakes 2840 feet above the level of the sea, is near- abound with fish; the mountains afford ly in the centre of the island. The Cock pasture to numerous herds of black cattle of Arran, towards the northern extremity, and sheep; the heaths are stored with is a famous sea mark. The lakes in the

game ; and copper, iron, and lead mines island are about five in number ; and from are found in many places. A number of two of them issue fine rivers. It is divid- islands are attached to this county, of which ed into two parishes, and forms part of the the chief are Tyrie, , Mull, Isla, Jura, shire of Bute. From Arran a number of , and Icolmkill. Argyle gives the black cattle are annually exported.—The title of Duke and Earl to the chief of the higher parts of the island are either bare

family of Campbell ; and sends one member rocks, or covered with heath. On the sides to Parliament.- -The valued rent of Argyle ofthe hills, and borders of the lakes, the is L. 149,595 10s. Scots, and the real rent soil is excellent; but the practice of a L.112,752 sterling. —In 1811, the popula- wretched system of agriculture renders tion of the whole county, including the is- them comparatively unproductive. The ri- lands, amounted to 85,585. vers contain salmon, the hills wilddeer, and ARISAIG, a promontory on the western the coast abounds with herrings and other coast of Inverness-shire, in the district of fish in abundance. Arran possesses coal, Glenelg. limestone, freestone, ironstone, and mar- ARM DALE, a village in the parish of ble. The ruins of many fortresses, and a Farr, in Sutherlandshire, seated on a bay of number ofnatural caves, are worth the at- the same name, which is an excellent fish- tention of the antiquary and naturalist. ing station. Population 5704. ARNGASK, a parish nearly circular, ARROQUHAR, a mountainous parish having a diameter ofabout 4 miles. Three in Dunbartonshire, about 16 miles long, counties join in this parish, viz. Perth, and 3 broad. It lies on the E. side of Loch- , and Fife, and the road from Perth lomond, the banks of which are covered to Queensferry passes through it. The soil with thriving plantations. The rearing of is various ; on some of the hills it is light sheep occupies the chief attention of the

and shallow ; but many fields are rich and inhabitants. Population 420. fertile, and capable of producing almost ARTHUR-SEAT, a hill (or more pro- any crop. There is, however, more pasture perly a ridge of hills,) in the immediate than tillage in the parish. Population G57. vicinity of Edinburgh on the S. E. Its ARNOT, a small river in Perthshire, summit is conical, and its height is 810 feet. which runs through the valley ofGlenfer- On the S. side it is in many places a per- nat, and uniting with the Briarachan, pendicular rock, exhibiting a range of ba- forms the Ardlc. saltic columns, of a pentagonal or hexagonal ARNTILLY, a village in Perthshire, in form, from 50 to 60 feet in height, and of the parish of Kinclaven, containing a po- 5 feet diameter. On the W. are Salisbury pulation of about 300. Crags, which present to the city the ap- pearance of a lofty terrace, forming an am- A RRAN , an island in the Frith of Clyde. t>etw«en Ayrshire and Kintyre. It was by phitheatre of solid stone, overtopped by a A T H A U C

continued precipice of broken rock. From face is, however, interspersed with fertile the craggy top it gradually descends into a vallies. There are no towns of any note in

valley. The rock, in digging, affords ores, this district ; but several populous villages

spars, zeolites, haematites, jaspers, and, it is are scattered over the country. Blair Cas- said, agates, besides an inexhaustible sup. tle, the seat of the Duke of Athol, is pleas- ply of granite for paving the streets of the antly situated on the Tilt, near itsconflus city. At the bottom of Arthur Seat is the with the Garry. About 4 miles from it is lake of Duddingston; and on the N. the the pass of Killikrankie. ruins of St. Anthony's chapel. From its ATHELSTANEFORD, a village and top the view is grand and striking. The parish in Haddingtonshire. The parish spectator may from thence extends about 4 miles in length, and 2 1-2 look down on i

the metropolis as on a map ; while the I in breadth. From the Garleton hills,

German Ocean, the course of the Forth, I which bound it on the S. the land, by a the , and a large por- gentle declivity, extends to the shore of the tion of the most populous and best culti- Frith of Forth. Almost the whole parish vated part of the kingdom, form a land- is finely cultivated and enclosed. The scape which cannot any where be surpas- village of Athelstaneford stands on the sed. Arthur Seat, when viewed from the side of the Garleton hills, and commands a west, presents to the eye a very exact pic- beautiful prospect of the Frith of Forth and ture of a Lion couchant. It was once in adjacent places. Blair, the author of" The agitation by the friends of the Dundas fa- Grave," was a native of this parish; and mily and Mr Pitt's measures, to erect up- here the celebrated author of the tragedy on its summit a monument to the memory of" Douglas" held for a while his pastoral of the late Lord Melville. charge. Population 867. , a parish lying partly in AUCHENAIRN, a village in Lanark- Roxburgh and partly in Selkirkshires. It shire, in the parish of , 4 miles from is about 7 miles long, and 3 broad. The Glasgow. surface is mostly hilly, but free of heath. AUCHENCRAW, a small village in the The soil is light and fertile. It contains parish of Coldingham, Berwickshire, 4 four small lakes, which, with the river Ale, miles N. VV. from Ayton. abound in trout. Population 558. AUCHENLOCH, a village in Lanark- ASSINT, an extensive parish in the shire, in the parish of Cadder, about 4 county of , 25 miles long, and miles from Auchinairn. about 15 broad. Its surface presents AUCHENKEOCH, a village in the pa- an assemblage of lofty mountains, huge rish of , stewartry of Kirkcudbright. barren rocks, precipices, extensive heaths, AUCHINBLAY, a village in the parish lakes, mosses, and rivers. Scarcely one ofFourdoun, Kincardineshire, containing acre in 100 is under tillage. Marble and about 300 inhabitants. ironstone are wrought and exported to a AUCHINDINN Y, a village in the coun- considerable extent. It contains ty of Mid-Lothian, about 7 1-2 miles S. no coal ; and the common fuel of the inhabitants is from Edinburgh. peat moss. It abounds with temples and AUCHINDORE, or AUCHINDOIR, a other remains of antiquity. This parish parish in Aberdeenshire, about 7 miles contains a lake of the same name, C miles long and 5 broad, exhibiting in general & long, and 1 1-4 broad. It lies on the W. N. mountainous appearance. About 2500 a- W. coast of Sutherland, and has a number cres are under crop. It abounds with free- of islands annexed to it. The rearing of stone. The only river ofnoteinthe parish cattle and fishing is the principal employ- is the Bogie. There are a few antiquities

ment of the inhabitants. The coast is here, such as tumuli, barrows, cairns, and rough, and presents dreadful precipices the remains of an extensive fortification. to the sea. Population in 1811, 2479. Population 780. ATHOL, the most northern district of , aparish in the county Perthshire, extending in length about 45 of , about 18 miles long, and, on an miles, and in breadth 30 ; bounded on the average, 2 broad. It has a bleak naked by N. Eadenoch ; on the W. byLochaber; appearance; an extensive district named on the E. by Marr and Gowrie; and on the Glenmore, about 6 miles in length, is en- S. by Stormont, Perth proper, and Breadal- tirely covered with heath. Salmon and bane. The country is rough and mountain- Pike are caught in the rivers Ayr and Lu- ous, and contains a great part of the ancient gar, which run through the parish. The Caledonian forest. The mountainous sur- few farms which were arable are now con- A U C A U G

. Terted into sheep pasture. Coal and free- thorough change. A large cotton spinning stone abound every where. The parish mill was lately erected in the village of also contains a lead mine, said to be rich Stanley in this parish. Population 2557. in silver, but it has not yet been wrought. AUCHTERHOUSE, aparish in the coun- The ruins of the ancient castle of Auchin- ty of Angus, on the S. side of the Sidlaw leck stand on the banks of the Lugar. Near hills. It contains nearly 4000 acres. The thj old castle is the new house of Auchin- soil, though thin and muirish, produces to- lejk. Population 13S2. lerable crops. It has plenty of peat moss, ATJCHINLECK, a hill in Dumfries- rock marl, and freestone. There are three shire, in the parish of Closeburn, 1500 small villages, Dronlaw, Kirkton, and New- feet'high. ton, the largest of which contains 112 in- AUCHMITHY, a fishing village on the habitants. Population C55. coast of Angus-3hire, about 3 1-2 miles N. , a parish in the county E. of Arbroath. It is situated on a high of Aberdeen, about 7 miles long, and 3 rocky bank, rising about 120 feet above broad. The soil is good, and in general the level of the sea. It contains about 200 productive. A small river, called the inhabitants. Ithan, passes through the parish. It con- AUCHNACRAIG, a village in the is- tains neither coal, lime, nor marl. The land of Mull, at which there is a Post Of- profile of an extensive fortified camp, the fice, and a regular ferry to on the inclosed area of which is computed at 120 mainland. acres, is well worthy the attention of the , a parish and village antiquary. Population 1257. in Perthshire. The parish lies on the S. AUCHTERMUCHTY, a burgh and pa- hank of the river Earne, and extends about rish in the county of Fife, extending about 5 o; 6 miles in length, and nearly the same 2 miles in length, and 1 and a half in

in breadth. The hilly part produces good breadth. The surface is various ; towards

pasture ; and the low ground is arable, with the S. low and flat ; and towards the N. and a good soil. The Ruthven, a small beauti- W. it is hilly, and covered with heath. The ful river, which contains fine trout, runs Town was constituted a royal burgh by through the parish. It contains neither James IV. and it still retains all the privi- coal nor lime, but abounds with stone, and leges of a royal burgh, except that of send- has a few slate quarries. The ruins of an ing a member to Parliament. It is governed old castle lie a little to the N. W. of the by 2 bailies, a treasurer, and 15 councillors. village. Brown linens and Sillesias are here manu- The VILLAGE of Auchterarder, which factured to the value of L.30,000 annually, once enjoyed the privilege of a royal burgh, Population of the town and parish 2103. extends nearly a mile in length. It em- AUCHTERTOUL, a small inland parish ploys about 400 looms, chiefly for the in the county of Fife, extending about 2 Glasgow manufacture. It lies 9 miles miles in length, and 1 in breadth. The si- S. E. of . Population 250.3. tuation is elevated, commanding an exten- AUCHTERDERRAN, a parish in the sive prospect. From a small lake called county of Fife, 4 miles long and 5 broad. Camilla loch, the Teel, or the Toul, takes The soil is moist and not very fertile. The its rise. On the side of the loch are the greater part of the parish lies above coal. ruins of Camilla Castle, or Hallyards. The About a third is under tillage, and the rest parish contains a small village of the same is under pasture; but the inhabitants, ap- name, 4 miles N W. from . Po- plying themselves more assiduously to agri- pulation 2403. culture, are rapidly improving the condition AUCHUIRN, a place in Ross-shire, in and appearance of the district. It contains the parish of , where there was for- plenty of limestone. Easaltes, and other merly a considerable and populous town, Tolcanic productions are often to be met which was completely destroyed in 1745 by with in this parish. Population 113S. a mountain torrent, called in Gaelic Serid- AUCHTERGAVEN, a parish in the dan. county of Perth, on the turnpike road from AUGUSTUS (FORT), situated at the Perth to , extending about 9 miles extremity of , 144 miles distant in length, and 5 in breadth. A great pro- from Edinburgh. It is a regular fortifica- portion of it is covered with muirs, hills, tion with four bastions, and barracks capa- and mosses; but for 20 years past agricul- ble of accommodating 400 soldiers, with ture has been so rapidly improving, that lodgings for the officers. Though the fort the face of the district has undergone a is in good repair, it is so commanded by the AVE 23 AYR

hills on every side, that it is by no means a vers intersect the parish. Coal and fee- place capable of resistance. It is a very stone are scarce, but it has abundance of neat looking place; and the surrounding limestone.— -The crops on the low grounds plantations, and the river TariF which runs are generally good, but on the borders of by it, give it very much the appearance of the moor it is precarious. A Roman road an English country seat. It was taken by can be distinctly traced for several miles on the rebels in 1746, who deserted it, after the S. of the Aven. Here are also three demolishing what they could. ancient chapels. The castle of Avendala AULD-DATIE, a rivulet in Aberdeen- exhibits an interesting ruin on a rocky em- shire, tributary to the Ythan. inence. Population 4353. , a parish and village in the AVICH (LOCH), Vide Luina(Loch). county of , extending 4 miles along AVICH, a river which runs from Loch the Moray Firth, being in length about 6 Avich into Loch Aw. and a half miles, and in breadth about 5 , a small village in Inver- and a half. In a deep moss have been found ness-shire, on the great Highland road, 125 fir trees 60 feet in length. The village of miles from Edinburgh. Auldearn is a burgh of barony, under the AVOCH, a parish in Ross-shire, about superiority of Colonel Brodie, containing 4 miles in length, and 2 1-2 in breadth. It 200 inhabitants. It lies 20 miles E. from enjoys all the variations of soil and surface, Inverness. — Population 1406. and is reckoned in general fertile. It is AULD-TOWN, a village in Ayrshire, in watered by afew small rivulets, which con- ] the parish of Loudon. a particular species of red trout. Rose- AULTGRANDE, a river in Ross-shire, haugh-house, with its extensive plantations in the parish of Kiltearn, which rises from is much admired. The herring fishery is Loch Glass, about 6 miles from the sea, and here successfully prosecuted, GOOO barrels after a winding course, falls into the Frith of being annually cured. The interior pos- Cromarty. For a considerable way it runs sesses some excellent freestone quarries, through a vast chasm called the Craig- which furnished the stone with which Fort grande, or Ugly-rock, which cannot be George is built. Population 1560. contemplated without emotions of admir- AVONDOW, the name of the river Forth ation and wonder. near its source, which it retains till it en- AULTMORE, a considerable rivulet in ters the parish of Port of Monteith. , in the parishes of Keith and AW (LOCH), a lake in Argyleshire, a. Grange, which falls into thelsla. bout 30 miles long, and from 1 to 2 broad, AULTRAN, a rivulet in , reckoned the most picturesque of any in near which a bloody battle was fought be- the Highlands, and possessing many pret- tween the Scots and Danes. ty islands, tufted with trees, among which AVEN, a river which issues from a lake are seen the ruins of several old casties. of the same name, at the foot oi the - At the north-eastern extremity of this lake gorum mountain, in the county of Banff, rises the mountain of Ben-Cruachan, ele-

and after a course of 20 miles, falls into the vated 3390 feet above the lake ; from the Spey at Inveraven. top of which descends the river which forms AVEN, or AVON, a river in Lanark- this beautiful expanse of water. The lake shire, which rises on the border of Galston abounds with salmon, trout, and eel, and and Sorn, from Loch Aven, and, after re- discharges itself into Loch Etive, a branch ceiving many tributary streams in its course of the Atlantic Ocean, at Bonaw. falls into the Clyde near Hamilton. Its AYRSHIRE. This county is bounded

banks in most places are covered with na- on tbe N. by ; on the E. by

tural wood. the shires of Lanark and Dumfries ; on the

AVEN, a river in Stirlingshire, which S. by ; and on the W. by the Irish rises in the 'parish of Cumbernauld, from Channel and the Frith of Clyde. Its ex- Loch Fanny-side, and, after receiving con- tent in length is about 65 miles, and about siderable additions to its streams, falls in- 36 in breadth. It is divided into 3 great to the Forth near Borrowstounness. bailiages, or stewartries, which bear the AVENDALE, or STRATHAVEN, a pa- names of Kyle, Cunningham, and Carrick. rish or barony in the county of Lanark, 12 These divisions are not altogether artifi-

miles in length, ana 5 or 6 in breadth. The cial ; the river Ayr forming the separation face of the country is open, rising gradual- between Carrick and Kyle (or Ay rsh ire pro-

ly from both sides of the Aven , and termi- per), and the river Irvine is the limit be- nating in hills. A number of smaller n- tween Kyle and Cunningham. These AYR 24 AYR

tricts are very different from each other in shore is flat and shallow ; and the entrance their appearance. Carrick, and the interior of the river Ayr, which forms the harbour, parts of Kyle are mountainous, and more a- is subject to the inconvenience of a bar of dapted to pasture, while the coast of Kyle, sand, which is often thrown quite across and the greater part of Cunningham, exhi- the river, especially with a strong N. W. bit a fine level country, interspersed with wind. There are erected two reflecting numerous Tillages and towns. The sea light-houses, to conduct vessels safely into coast is mostly sandy, with sunk rocks, hut the harbour. The principal trade carried possesses several good harbours.—The rock on is the exportation of coal to , in of Aisla belongs to this county. From the which nearly 2000 tonnage of vessels are ridge, of which the mountains of Carrick annually employed. It exports also pig- are a part, rise almost all the rivers of the iron, coal tar, brown paint, lamp-black, S. of Scotland. The Tweed, the Esk, the soapers' salts, and w ater of- Ayr stone. The Nith, the Annan, the Urr, &c. flow to the town has an Academy in which all the ne- E. and S. while the Stinchar, the Girvan, cessary branches of education are taught- the Doon, the Ayr, and the Lugar, pour It has generally about 500 pupils. Ayr is their water into the Irish Channel. Be- governed by a provost, 2 bailies, 12 council- sides these, the Irvine and other small ri- lors, a dean of guild, and treasurer, and vulets water the more northerly parts of joins with Irvine, Rothsay, Inverary, and the county.—The agriculture of Ayrshire , in sending a member to Par- has been much improved of late years, and liament. Ayr was, in ancient times, dis- fine crops, are raised, particularly along tinguished for military strength. Herethe the coast. The county, however, on the heroic exploits of Sir be-

whole, is more adapted to pasture than til- gan ; and here Edward I. fixed one of his lage. Ayrshire has 2 royal , viz. Ayr most powerful garrisons. Oliver Cromwell, and Irvine; and several populous towns too, judging it as a proper place to build a and villages, of which Kilmarnock, Beith, fortress, took possession of the old church, Saltcoats, Kilwinning, , Girvan, and and converted it and the neighbouring Ballantrae are the chief. Besides the in- ground into a regular citadel. On one of exhaustible seams of coal with which it the mounts within the walls of this fortress abounds, it possesses several valuable mi- stcod the old castle of Ayr, mentioned in

nerals, as freestone, limestone, ironstone, ancient histories ; and the old church, the and several rich ores of lead and copper. tower of which still remains, noted for the In the parish of Stair, antymony and mo- meeting of the , when

lybdiena have been found ; and in several Robert Bruce's title to the throne was una- places of the county is found that species nimously confirmed. Here are two church- of whetstone known by the name of Ayr- es of the established religion, besides seve- stone. There is plenty of marl inmost of ral places of worship for dissenter6. A thea- the lakes, the chief of which is Loch Doon, tre, capable of drawing L.40, was recently from which the river ofthat name takes its erected. Ayr is a gay and fashionable rise. All the rivers of Ayrshire abound place. It has well attended races, and is with salmon; and the coasts are admirably sometimes the seat ofthe Caledonian Hunt- adapted for white fishing. The valued The PARISH of AYR extends about 4

rent of Ayrshire is 149,595 Scots ; the real miles in length, and 3 in breadth. The rent for 1808 was L.314,673, 7s. Sterling. surface is flat and sandy; but interspersed Population 104,001. with many beautiful seats and plantations.

' AYR, a royal burgh of great antiquity, There are two small lakes, well stored and the of Ayrshire. It lies with pike and trout. Tradition reports an 34 miles S. from Glasgow, and 75 S. W. engagement to have taken place, in the from Edinburgh. It was erected into a valley of Dalrymple, between two kings, royal burgh by William the Lion, about the Fergus and Coilus, in which engagement

year 1 200 ; and the privileges granted by both these monarchs fell . Besides the cele- that charter are still enjoyed by the town. brated Robert Burns, Johannes Scotus, and It is pleasantly situated on a point of land, the Chevalier Ramsay, were natives of this between the influx of the rivers Doon and parish. Its population including that of Ayr into the Atlantic Ocean. The princi- the town, is 6,291. pal street is broad and spacious. Its shape AYR, (NEWTOWN of.) This small is somewhat of the form of a crescent, hav- parish lies on the N. side ofthe river Ayr. ing the prison and town-hall in the centre, Its extent is about 3 miles long, and 1 1-2 with a fine spire 135 feet high. The sea I broad. Lying on the banks ofthe Ayr and AYR A Y T

the sea coast, the surface is mostly flat, and , romantic banks are occasionally adorned soil sandy. The town is a burgh of consi- with beautiful seats, among which are par- derable antiquity, and received its privi- ticularly noticed Sorn Castle, Auchincrui ve, leges from King Robert Bruce. It has ba- and Auchinleck. This river forms the

ronial jurisdiction ; and is governed by a boundary between the districts of Ayrshire magistracy elected by the freemen of the denominated . town, who are limited to 48, each of w hom AYTON, a parish and village in the possesses a lot or freedom of about 4 acres county of Berwick, extending about 4 miles of arableland. It has a pretty good har- in length, and 4 in breadth. The soil is bour. Population of the town and parish in general fertile; and its vicinity to the 2,S09. village of and the town of Ber- AYR, a river which rises in the parish of wick affords a ready market for the produce Muirkirk, in Ayrshire; and, after a course of the farms. On the hills are the remains of about 30 miles, falls into the sea at Ayr, of 2 camps, in which urns, and broken where its Eestuary forms a fine Harbour. It pieces of armour have been found. Popu- is for a considerable course only a small ri- lation in 1811, 1379. The village is situ- vulet ; but, joined by the tributary streams ated on the N. bank of the Eye, 7 miles N. of Greenock and Garpel, it becomes a large W. of Berwick. It contains about 600 peo- body of water. It is also augmented by ple. the Luggan and the Kill. Its steep and

B

B A L B A L

TJADENOCH, the most easterly district the banks of the , while the *^ of Inverness-shire. It extends 53 back part is hilly, and covered with heath. miles in length, and 27 in breadth. It It abounds with lime, freestone, and coal. is mountainous, barren, and but thinly A small lake, covering about 70 acres, cal- inhabited. It is watered by the river led Baldowie, abounds with pike and perch. Speyanda few rivulets. There are also In this parish are the ruins of the mansion several lakes, some of which are of consi- of , and several cairns and dru derable extent. The mountains abound idical monuments, the most curious of with game ; and in many places are cover- which is a structure called the Auld Wife's ed with natural wood. Lift, near a mile N. from the church. Po- BALAGICH, a mountain in - pulation in 1811, 806. shire, in the parish of , 1000 BALERNO, a village in Mid-Lothian, feet in height. This was also the ancient in the parish of , situated on the Wa- name of the hill on which the castle of ter of Leith, 7 miles S.W. from Edinburgh. Stirling is built. BALFRON, a parish in the county of BALBIRNIE, a village in the parish of Stirling, extending about 8 miles in length Markinch, Fifeshire, containing 250 inha- and nearly two in breadth. The surface bitants. of the ground is on a gentle declivity from BALBROGIE, a small village near Cu- the banks ofthe river Endrick. It abounds par of Angus, containing about 160 inhabi- with lime and freestone, but it wants coal. tants. It is only of late that agriculture has been BALCHRISTIE, an ancient village in prosecuted to advantage. The VILLAGE Fifeshire, near Largo Bay, where, accord- of Balfron contains about 1400 inhabitant's, ing to tradition, the first Christian Church who are mostly employed in the cotton in Scotland was founded. It was given to manufacture. Population of the parish and the Culdees by Malcom III. village 1986. BALDERNOCK, a parish in Stirling- BALGONIE, a village in Fifeshire, in shire. The surface and soil are various; the parish of Markinch, containing about 5 part being flat and fertile, especially on 250 inhabitants, B A L 2 BAN

BALLANTRAE, an extensive parish in culture is here systematically and success- Ayrshire, being nearly 10 miles square. It fully prosecuted, though the soil in gener- lies on the sea coast ; and the surface is al is thin and sandy. The ruins of the much diversified, rising gently from the Abbey of , built in the year 1229. shore to the tops of that range of moun- are much admired. Population 921. tains which extend across the country BALNAHUAIGH, a small island, be- to the Frith of Forth. The soil is ge- longing f o Argyleshire. It lies near the N. nerally poor and thin. The village of Bal- side of the island of Jura. lantrae is situated at the mouth of the ri- , aparish in Perthshire, ver Ardstinchar, 1C 1-2 miles N. from extending about 15 milesin length, and 7 . Population 9S0. in breadth. The surface is hilly and moun- BALLEDGARNO, a village in the tainous, and scarcely any of it is under crop. Carse of Gowrie, in the Parish of , Benvoirlich, and part of the ancient Cale- about 9 miles W. from Dundee. donian forest, are in this parish. There BALI.INGRY, a parish of the extent of are many fine streams and lakes; of which 3 milesin length, and 1 in breadth, in the the principal are, Lochdoine, Lochvoil,

county of Fife. The soil is tolerably good : part of Lochlubnaig, and part of Lochearne. but only about one-fourth part ofthe parish The military road from Stirling to Fort is under crop. The remainder is occupied William passes through the parish. Popu - in pasturage. It produces some marl, and lation 1353. lime and coal in abundance. Population BALVAG, a river in Perthshire, in the 269. parish of Balquhidder, which connects Lcch- BALLYCHELISH, a village in the pa- doine, Lochrail, and Lochlubnaig, ar.d rish of Appin, in Argyleshire, where there forms one of the most considerable branch - js a ferry over Loch Leven to the county of es of the Teith. Inverness. It has an excellent slate quar- DAVINICK, aparish ly- ry. ing in Aberdeen and Kincardineshires. It .a parish in the stew- is situated on both sides of the river Dee, artry of Kirkcudbright. Its general appear- near its discharge into the ocean. It ex-

ance is moor ; and the surface is level, with tends about four miles aloi.g the sea coasts a gentle rising towards the N. Only a and from 6 to 7 along the banks of the Dee. fourth of the parish is arable. On the —The general appearance of the country

banks of the rivulets which intersect it, is rugged : and the hills are mostly covered there are about 60 acres of natural wood. with heath. Population 1S67. A great number of sheep are reared on the BANCHORY TARNAN, a parish in moors. Population 754. The village of Kincardineshire, on the banks of the Dee, Balmaclellan is situated 23 1-2 miles N. 8 1-2 miles long and 1 1-2 broad, contain- N. W. of Kirkcudbright. ing nearly 20,000 square acres. —There are , a parish in the Stewart - 2or3small lakes in it; in one of which, ry of Kirkcudbright, about 8 miles long, Loch Leys, is an artificial island, with the and from 5 to 6 broad. The greater part ruins of a house upon it. Population in of it is composed of heath with barren rocks. 1811,1559. It has, however., some good arable land, BANFFSHIRE. This county is bound-

and fine meadows, with a number of plan- ed on the N. by the ocean ; on the W. tations and some natural wood. There are by Moray and Inverness-shires; and on the several lakes, which contain pike, perch, S. and E. by Aberdeenshire. It extends and trout in abundance. A powerful cha- in length about 36 miles, but its average lybeate spring, called Lochenbreck well, breadth is little more than 16. It contains

j8 much resorted to ; besides which there about 7000 acres in cultivation, 35,000 in are several other mineral wells. The river ley and summer fallow, 40,000 in pasture, Dee bounds the parish on the N. Popula- 15,000 in plantations and natural wood, tion in 1811, 1110. and about 300,000 in hill, moor, and moss. BALM KRINO, a parish in the county of It contains 2 royal burghs, and 24 parishes, Fife, on the S. bank of the river Tay, ex- and comprehends part of the districts of tending on an average about 3 1-2 miles in Buchan, Strathdovern, Strathaven,Boyne, length, and 2 1-2 in breadth. The surface and Balvenie. The surface of the country- slopes gently to the side of the river. The is agreeably diversified with hill and dale, harbour of Balmerino is small and incon- well watered with rivers, and ornamented venient; but a considerable quantity of with many seats and extensive plantations. grain U annually exportedfrom it.—Agri. The S. part of the county is very moun- A R A S

tainous; but the northern district is level, BARNS (EAST and WEST), two vil- and the soil fertile. The rivers are, the lages, near Dunbar, in Haddingtonshire. Deveron and the Spey, the Isla, Conglass, BARNYARDS, a village in Fifeshire, in Avon, and Fiddich. There are several re- the parish of Kilconquha.-, containingabout markable mountains in the county, of 200 inhabitants.

which Cairngorum is the chief. At Port- I BARO, a parish in Haddingtonshire,

soy is a line vein of serpentine, called Port- I united to that of Gaivaid. Vide GAR- soy marble; and a species of granite, VALD and BARO. | which, when polished, exhibits the resem- BARONY parish of Glasgow. Vide j blance of Hebrew characters. Along the GLASGOW. whole coast ate frequent tumuli and Dan- BARR, a large parish in Ayrshire, the ish monuments. The valued rent of the extent of which is not well ascertained. whole county is L.79,200 Scots, and the It is situated on the banks of the river Stinchar. real land rent L. 43,490 Sterling.—Popu- The soil is partly arable ; but lation 36,6GS. the principal attention of the fai mer i* BANFF, orBAMFF, a royal burgh, sea- paid to the rearing of catLle. Population port town, and capital of the county of 72S. that name, is pleasantly situated at the BARR, a village in Argyleshire, in mouth of the river Deveron. Tradition Kintyre, about 15 miles N. from Campbell- says it was founded by Malcolm Canmore, town. m 1165. It was erected into a royal burgh , or BARA, one of the western by Robert II. in 1372. It gives the title Isles. It is a small rock, about l-4tii of a of baron to the Ogilvie family. The streets mile in circumference, beir.g one of a clus- are well built; but the harbour (which is ter of which appear joined at protected by 8 guns) is low water, ai d are Island. a battery of incom- I named Long modious, owing to the shifting of the sand at BARRA. or BARRA Y, one of the wes- the mouth of the river. The principal ma- Isles, annexed to Inverness-shire. It nufactures are thread, linen, and tanning. is about 8 miles in length, and 4 in breadth, Slup-building is also carried on. A fine and containsabout 1604 inhabitants. bridge of 7 arches crosses the Deveron. A BARRIE, a parish in the county of For- town-house, extending 70 feet in frcnt, far, extending 4 miles in length and 3 in was erected in 1798, and anew prison has breadth, along the North coast of the

been built on them st approved principle. Frith of Tay. The soil is various ; but it Here are several good seminaries for edu- is in general fertile. Two light houses are cation. In the neighbourhood is Du'.f erected on the side of the river, to guide the House, the magnificent mansion of the mariner through the sand banks, which Earl of Fife. Banff lies lb'5 miles north are very numerous at the mouth of the Tay. from Edinburgh,—The Parish ofBanffis At Camuistie is distinctly traced a camp about 6 miles in length, and 2 in breadth. of great extent, where the Danes under The surface is beautifully diversified, and Camus were totally defeated by the Scot- the soil in general good. The sea coast is tish army under Malcolm II. Population bold and rocky. Population of the town 1046. and parish 5603. BARRY, a hit! in Perthshire, in the BANK HEAD, a mountain in the pa- parish of Alyth, 6SS feet in height. rish of , in Dumfries-shire. BARVAS, a parish in Ross-shire, in the , a village in Stirling- island and district of Lewis, about 56 miles

shire, celebrated for the battle between long, and, on an average, 15 broad ; occu- Robert Bruce and Edward II. in which the pying the northern extremity of the island. latter, with every superiority in point of The ground is pretty level, but the soil numbers, was completely defeated. It is moory and ill cultivated. The extent was fought on Monday, June 24, 1514. of sea coast is about 45 miles. Population The manufactures are tanning, carpet, and 2165. , which are carried on to a consider- BAR VIE, a small river in Perthshire, able extent. which falls into the Earn near Crieff. BAR, a hill in Renfrewshire, in the pa- BASS, an insulated rock, about a mile rish of . in circumference, situated in the mouth of BARGARRAN, a village in the parish the Frith of Forth, about 5 miles from of Erskine, in the county of Renfrew. . It is steep and inac- BARHEAD, a village in Renfrewshire, cessible on all sides except the S. W. ; and aear Paisley, containing 439 inhabitants. even there it is difficult to climb up with b e i a BE L the assistance of a rope and ladder. The Perthshire, in the district of Rannock, castle, which was once the state prison of 3,500 feet high. Scotland, is now in ruins. There is a spring BEIN-BHARFHION, a lofty moun- of excellent water on the top of the rock. tain, nearly in the middle of the isle of This rock, St Kilda, and Aisla, are the only Anan. places in Scotland where the solan geese BEIN-CHONZIE, a mountain in the breed. It contains a small warren for rab- parish of Monivaird, in Perthshire, rising bits, and affords pasture to a few sheep. 2922 feet above the level of the sea. A subterraneous passage, through which a BEIN-DEIR.G, a mountain in Athol, boat may pass, runs in a northerly and 3550 feet high. southerly direction. BEINGLO, a mountain in Athol 3725 BATHGATE, a parish and village in feet high. the county of Linlithgow. The parish is a- BEIN-MORE, a lofty mountain in the bout 7 miles long, and 2 broad. It is level island of Mull. towards the S. but on the N. E . it is hilly. BEITH, a town and parish in the dis- —The VILLAGE lies on the declivity of a trict of Cunningham, Ayrshire. Thetown hill, 18 miles W. from Edinburgh. The is pretty regularly built, and was lately or- chief occupation of its inhabitants is weav- namented with an elegant new church, si- ing.—Population 2919. tuated on an eminence on the S. side of the BEATH, a small inland parish in the town, whose tower is seen at a great dis- county of Fife, about 4 miles in length, and tance. The number ofinhabitants amounts 3 in breadth. The surface is rugged and to nearly 1S00.—The PARISH of Beith

uneven ; but the soil is fertile, and the lies on the border of Ayrshire ; and a small fields mostly enclosed. It is watered by part of it is in the county of Renfrew. It two small rivulets. It abounds in coal extends about 5 miles in length, and 4 in and limestone. Population 668. breadth. The surface rises gradually to BEAULY, a village in the parish of Kil- the elevation of about 400 feet, where the morack, Inverness-shire, situated at the town is built. It abounds in freestone, and mouth of the nver Beauly, 18 miles W.of coal is wrought in many places. Several Inverness. rich veins of ironstone were lately disco- BEAULY, a river in Inverness-shire, vered. This, and the neighbouring parish formed by the union of the small rivers of Dunlop, have long been famous for a Farrur, Canich, and Glass, near Erkless particular kind of cheese, which is called

castle ; it then takes its course easterly, Dunlop cheese. Population 3755. and after forming the falls of Hilmorack, BELHAVEN, a village in Haddington- and other beautiful cascades, falls into an shire, near Dunbar, and within the royalty arm of the sea, to which it gives its name. of that town. At one part the river divides, and forms , a parish on the sea coast the beautiful island of Aigash. of Aberdeenshire. Its appearance is very BEDRULE, a parish situated in the cen- unfavourable, especially at a distance from tre of the county of Roxburgh. It is a- the sea coast, where it exhibits nothing but bout 4 miles in length, and from 2 to 3 in heath and stones. Population 1323. breadth. It is almost oval, and consists BELL'S MILLS, a village near Edin- nearly of equal divisions of arable, pasture, burgh, on the , where the and moor land. The soil is fertile, and is road to Queensferry crosses that river. much improved by the great quantity of BELMONT, one of the Sidlaw hills, in marl which the parish contains. The road the parish of , 759 feet in height. from London to Edinburgh passes through BELL ROCK, or CAPE, a dangerous it. The rivers Tiviot and Rule form the ridge of sunk rocks, lying about 12 miles boundaries on the N. and W. Population from Fife-Ness, between the openings ofthe 235. friths of Tay and Forth. The ridge extends BEIN-ACHAOLAIS, one of the moun- about a mile in length, and about half a tain* ofthe island of Jura, in height 2476 mile in breadth, the tops of the rocks be- feet. ing only seen at low water.— On this rock, BEIN-AN-LOCHAN, a high mountain formerly so fatal to navigators, a perma- in Argyleshire. nent light-house has at length been esta- BEIN-AN-OIR, one of the Paps of blished, on a plan similar to that of the Jura. Eddystone. BEIN-ARDLANICH, a mountain in BELLIE, a parish situated partly in E N 29

Banff and partly in Moray -shires. It lies on Montrose, is in this parish. The town of the left bank of the , and is in Benholme has been anciently a strong place extent about 6 miles in length, and nearly of defence. Population 1546. 1 in breadth. On a rising ground stands BEN'HOPE, a mountain in Sutherland- Gordon Castle, the seat of the Duke of Gor- shire, upwards of a mile of elevation above don, surrounded with elegant and exten- the level of the sea. sive policies. The front of this castle is BENIVAS, a mountain in Ross-shire, in

56S feet in length ; and perhaps no palace the parish of , nearly 4000 feet in Britain can vie with it in elegance. Po- high. pulation 1904. BENIVENOW, a mountain in the parish BELKINNESS, a mountain in Banff- of Aberfoyle, Perthshire, nearly 5000 feet

shire, 1 850 feet high. in height. BENACHALY, a mountain in Perth- BENLAWERS, a mountain near Ken- shire, 1800 feet high. more, in Perthshire. It is situated on the BENALDER, a large mountain on the banks of Loch Tay, and rises in a conical borders of Inverness and Perth-shires, on shape to the height of 4015 feet above the which was a romantic building called the level of the sea. Cage, where the unfortunate prince, Char- BENLEDI,"thehillofGod,"amountam les Stuart, lay concealed several weeks, till in the parish of Callender, in Perthshire. the arrival ofthe French vessels which con- It rises from a small base to the height of veyed him from this country. 3009 feet above the level of the sea. On , one of , ly- the top are the remains of adruidical tem- ing between the islands of N. and S. ple, and a small lake called Lochauan- , from the last of which it is separated corp. by a narrow channel, nearly dry at low wa- BENLOMOND, a mountain in the parish ter. It extends about 9 miles each way. ofBuchannan, in Dunbartonshire, is situat- The soil is sandy and unproductive. ed on the borders of , from BENCAIRN, a mountain in Kirkcud- the level of which it rises majestically to brightshire, parish of Rerrick, 1200 feet in the height of 5240 feet, and5262feet above height. the level of the sea. Its height is surpas- BENCHOCH AN, a mountain in the pa- sed by Bennevis, Benlawers, and some o-

rish of Aberfoyle, Perthshire, 3000 feet in ther mountains ; but the difference is height. more than compensated by the magnifi- BENCLOCH, or BENCLEU CH, the high- cence of its insulated situation, with re- est of the Ochil hills, is situated in the pa- spect to the neighbouring hills. Its form

rish of Tillycoultry, in , is a truncated cone ; and its sides, parti- 2420 feet in height. cularly towards the lake, are finely cover- BENDCCHY, a parish in Perthshire, in ed with natural wood. The ascent is easy

the valley of Strathmore, near the borders on the S. W. side ; but the N. side is ex- of the county of Angus, in length about 12 ceedingly steep, having at one place a per- miles, and in breadth from 6 to 8. Popu- pendicular precipice, nearly 500 fathoms lation 748. deep. The view from the summit is most BENNEVIS, the highest mountain in extensive. Benlomond produces a num- Britain, is situated in the parish of Kilma- ber of very rare plants. On the N. E. side lie, Inverness-shire. It elevates its rugged is the source of the river Forth. front to the height of 4570 feet above the BENMORE, a mountain in the parish of level of the sea. Its summit and broken , in Perthshire. It is situated by the sides are covered with eternal snow. The side of Loch Dochart, in the pass between

prospect from Eennevisis grand and magni- Glendochart and Strathfillaur ; 5905 feet in ficent. It comprehends the whole breadth height. of the island from the Atlantic to the Ger- , a mountain in Aber- man oceans. Its red granite is said to be deenshire, in the district of Garrioch, about the most beautiful in the world. T here is 2000 feet in height. a hne vein of leadore, very rich in silver, BENREISIPOLI, a mountain in Ar- found embedded in the granite. gyleshire, in the parish of Ardnamurchan, BENHOLMF, a parish in the county of 2661 feet high. Kincardine, forming a square of nearly 5 BENUAISH, a mountain ofgreat height, miles. The surface is considerably diver- in the parish of Killearn, in the county of sified, and the soil is fertile. John's-ha- Ross. Its top is constantly covered with ven, a fishing village about 8 miles froin \ snow. B E R K R

BENV0IRL1CH, a mountain in Bal- shire, which falls into the German ocean quhidder parish, in Perthshire, elevated near the burgh of Bervie. 5300 feet in height. BERWICKSHIRE is of an irregular BERNERA, one of the Western Isles, is square form) bounded on the N. by East a beautiful and fertile island, about 5 miles Lothian ; on the S. by the and in circumference. It was formerly a drui- the English border ; and on the W. by the dical sanctuary ; and has still a wood of counties of Roxburgh, Peebles, and Mid yew trees, with which the groves were plan- Lothian. Its extent in length may be ted when devoted to religious purposes. stated at 51 miles, and breadth 19. It In the centre of the island is afresh water- contains 470 square miles. This county lake, called Loch Bruist, diversified with is nominally divided into three districts, small islets. The soil, though sandy, is , Lammermuir, and Merse or rendered very productive by manuring it March. The first is that opening or valley with sea weed. in the Lammermuir hills, through which BERNERA (GREAT), an island on the the runs. Lammermuir com- N. side of Lewis, in Loch Roag, about 12 prehends that ridge of hills which separate miles long, and 4 broad. this county from , extending BERNERA (LITTLE), another island from the head of Leader water to the sea near Lewis, in Loch Roag, about 12 miles below the town of Berwick. The Merse long, and 1 broad. includes that fertile and populous plain, BERNERA, a small fortress, or rather stretching from the hills along the banks barracks, in Inverness-shire, in the parish of the Tweed. Berwickshire contains one of Glenelg. It is now occupied by a Ser- royal burgh, viz. , and several other jeant's guard for the suppression of smug- large towns and villages, as Dunse, Cold- gling. It lies 17S miles N. W. of Edin- stream, Coldingham, Ayton, and Eye- burgh. mouth. It is divided into 22 parochial dis- BERVIE, or INVERBERVIE, a royal tricts. Thechief rivers are, the Tweed, the burgh and parish in the county of Kincar- Leader, the Eye, the Whittadder, and the dine. It is situated at the mouth of the . The two roads to London pass small river Bervie, which forms a harbour through the county. In no part of Scot- for fishing boats. A fine bridge was lately land has agriculture made more rapid pro- thrown over the water of Bervie. Bervie gress than in Berwickshire, particularly in

was constituted a royal borough by a char- the Merse ; nor does Scotland possess a more ter from King David, in the year 1312. The intelligent and industrious tenantry. They place on which he landed, when forced export above 80,000 bolls of victual from in here by stress of weather, is still called the ports of Berwick and Eyemouth; and Craig David. James VI. renewed the char- the same quantity is yearly carried to the ter in 1595. It is governed by a provost, 3 weekly markets of Edinburgh, Dalkeith, bailies, a dean of guild, treasurer, and 9 Haddington, and Dunbar. The celebrated councillors. It sends a member to parlia- mineral well, called Dunse Spa, is situated ment in conjunction with Aberdeen, Mon- about a mile from the town of Dunse. The trose, Brechin, and Arbroath. It appears rivers contain trout and salmon, of which to have been formerly a considerable fish- last, a great quantity is annually exported ing station, but all the fishermen are now from Berwick to London. The county con- removed to the village of Gourdon, a more tains but few minerals. Coal has been eligible situation, about 2 miles farther S. found in small quantities near Eyemouth, The revenue of the burgh does not exceed copper in the neighbourhood of Lauder, L.38 per annum. Its population is about and ironstone in the parish of . (107.—The PARISH of Bervie is two miles The principal residences in the county in length, and 1 1-2 in breadth. Popula- are Hirsel, Maichmont- House, and several tion 927. other elegant seats. The valued rent of BERVIE, a parish and village in Angus, Berwickshire is L. 178,365 Scots, and the united to that of Liff. real land rent may be estimated at up- BERVIE BROW, or CRAIG DAVID, a wards of L. 200,000 Sterling. Population bold promontory on the N. side of Bervie 30,779. the bor- water ; it is a conspicuous landmark for BERWICK, a royal burgh on Mariners, and is seen at sea at the distance ders of England and Scotland, and a coun- of 15 leagues. ty of itself, standing on the N. or Scots side BERVIE, a small river in Kincardine- of the river Tweed. It was originally a 51 L A

Scots town, and still is a liberty of itself and fertile fields, interspersed. A large tu- distinct from England, having a small dis- mulus, and the vestiges of 3 Roman camps trict attached to it, called Berwick Bounds, are in the parish.—The TOWN lies 27 which runs about 5 miles N. on the sea miles S. W. from Edinburgh. It is small, shore, and about the same distance up the and the houses in general mean. The Tweed. It was formerly the chief town of church, however, is worthy of notice; it Merse. It is pleasantly situated on a gen- was built in 1545 by Malcolm Lord Flem- tle declivity, close by the sea, and surroun- ing. The chief occupation of its inhabi- ded by high walls, regularly fortified, hav- tants is weaving and carrying lead from . Population 1576. ing a ditch on the N. E. ; the river serving for a moat on the S. side. It is joined to BIGGAY, one of the small isles of Shet- England by a bridge 947 feet long, with 15 land, lying between Yell and the main- arches. The town is -well built, and go- land. verned by a mayor, recorder, town-clerk, BIN of CULLEN, a hill in Banffshire, a- and 4 bailies. It had a strong castle, which bout 1 mile S. W. from the town of Cull en, is now in rums. Though this town is not and 2 miles from the sea, 1050 feet in acknowledged either to be in England or height. From its conical shape it forms a Scotland, its church is a rectory in the dio- conspicuous landmark. cese of Durham. The English judges also BINN-NA-BA1RD, and BINN-NA-

hold assizes here ; and it sends two mem- MUICK-DUIDH, two mountains in Aber- bers to Parliament. It has barracks suffi- deenshire. They furnish the same species cient to accommodate 2 regiments of foot. of topaz which has got the name of Cairn- Its principal trade is the exportation of the gorum stone. salmon caught in the Tweed to the Lon- BIRNAM, a hill in the parish of Little don market. The fishing commences on Dunkeld. It rises with a rude and striking 10th January, and finishes 10th October. magnificence to the height of 1580 feet From the river mouth to , a dis- above the level of the sea. Near the foot tance of 7 miles, the fishing is rented for of the hill is a round mount, called Dun-

I.. 1 0,000, besides paying the ty the. Popu- can's hill, where it is said that unfortunate lation 8187. monarch held his court of justice; higher BERWICK (NORTH), a royal burgh, in up is the ruin of a strong square fortress, the county of Haddington, of very ancient with circular turrets at each corner. Bir-

erection ; but its old original charter being nam was anciently a forest, and a part of lost or destroyed, it obtained a new one the royal domain of Scotland. It is distant from King James VI. It is governed by 2 about 12 miles from Dunsinnan, once the

bailies, a treasurer, and 9 councillors ; and, seat and fortress of Macbeth. along with Haddington, Dunbar, Lauder, BIRNIE, a parish in the county of Elgin, and Jedburgh, sends a member to Parlia- 5 miles in length, and 2 in breadth. It is ment. It has an annual revenue of about intersected by three rivulets, viz. Lennock, L.100. The PARISH extends along the Borden, and Rushcrook, which fall into sea coast about 5 miles, is about 2 1-2 miles the Lossie. The arable land lies princi- in breadth, and is wholly arable, with the pally on the banks of these rivulets. Its exception of a beautiful conical eminence, soil, though in general sandy and poor, has called N. Berwick Law, and about 80 acres been much improved, owing chiefly to the of Downs. The fine ruins of the ancient patronage of the late Earl of Findlater. castle of Tantallan, (formerly one of the Several natural caves, and a cairn, whose strong holds of the Douglas family,) stands circumference at the bottom is 300 feet, about two miles distant from N. Berwick, are worth the attention of the antiquary. on a high rock, surrounded on three sides Population 557. by the sea, and nn the fourth by a deep fosse, BIRSE, a parish in Aberdeenshire, lying with a draw bridge. Population 1727. on the S. bank of the Dee, and forming BIEL, a small river in the county of Had- nearly a square of 10 miles. Population dington, which falls into the Frith of Forth 1257. near Dunbar. BLACKBURN, a small river in the pa- BIELD, a small village in Peebles-shire, rish of Castletown, in , cele- on the road from Edinburgh to Dumfries. brated for its romantic falls and cascades, BIGGAR, atown and parish of Lanark- but chiefly for a bridge of stone which na- shire, extending in length about 6 miles, ture had thrown overthe river, and which, and 3 1-2 in breadth. The surface is partly in the year 1S10, yielded to the corrosion billy and partly level, with heathy moors of the elements. It stretched across the L A L A

water, uniting the opposite hills. It was Whittadder, near the village of Allan, 55 feet long, 10 1-2 broad, and the thick- town. ness of the arch was 2 1-2 feet of soiid BLADENOCH, a river in the county of stone. The height of the arch from the Galloway. It rises in the hilis which di-

water was 31 feet, and had every appear- vide Galloway from Carrick ; an d after a ance of seveial square stones being united. winding of 24 miles, falls into the bay of BLACKBURN, a small village in the Wigton. parish of Whitburn, about 3 miles W. of BLAIR-ATHOL, an extensive parish in

Livingstone, and 3 E. of Whitburn ; the Perthshire, to which that of Strowan is an Glasgow road passes through it. hexed. Its extent in length is about 50, BLACKFORD, a parish in Perthshire, of and its breadth about IS miles. Its ap- a circular figure, having a diameter of pearance, surface, and soil, are exceeding- nearly six miles. Its soil is in general mar- ly various. There are many lakes and ri. shy and wet. The northern part is moor- vers in the parish. Of the rivers, the Tum-

land ; a ridge of the Ocliils is within its mel, the Garry, Erochty, Bruar, and Tilt, southern boundary. It contains a village are the chief. The principal mountains of the same name, 3 1-2 miles W. from are Bein-deird, Beinglo, Strath-groy, Ra- Auchterarder. In this parish are a few tamhili, &c. Loch Tummel contains a small lakes, from which the Ruthven and small fortified island. Athol House, with Allan take their rise. The remains of se- the extensive policies and natural curiosities veral ancient chapels are still extant; and that surround it, is much admired. Popu- the site of a Roman camp is easily disco- lation 2515. The VILLAGE of Blair-A- vered. Population 16G6. thul lies on the road from Edinburgh to BLACKFORD, a village in the above Fort Aug ustus, 20 miles N. from Dun- parish, on the road from Stirling to Perth keld by Sherifrmuir, about 10 miles N. E. of ELAIRGOWRIE, a parish and village Dumblane, and 4 W. of Auchterarder. It in the county of Perth. The PARISH is contains a few weavers, and has an annual of an irregular form, and extends in length fair. about 11 miles, and about 3 in breadth. BLACKFORD HILL, the hill most ad- It is divided into 2 districts by the Gram- jacent to Edinburgh on the S. distant about pians, which form the northern boundary 2 miles. Not more than 40 years ago, the of the valley of Strathmore. Newton-house greater part of it w as an unproductive and is a fine old mansion, and was the birth

stubborn heath ; but under the manage- place of George Drummond, who was 6 ment of an enterprising lessee, the whole times lord provost of Edinburgh. The VIL- of it has for many years been subjected to LAGE of Blairgowrie was erected into a tillage. A finely romantic, though narrow burgh of barony in 1634. Population 1965. glen, through which the water of Braid , a village in Perthshire, runs, separates it on the S. from the ridge in the parish of Fossaway and Tulliebole. called Braid Hills. It is a burgh of barony. BLACKHOUSE HEIGHTS, a ridge of BLANE, a small river in the county of hills in the county of Selkirk, the highest Stirling. It had its source in one of of which is 2373 feet. hills; and, after running 3 or BLACKNESS, a village on the Forth, 4 4 miles S. W. is precipitated over several -miles N. E. from Linlithgow, and 6 W. of high falls. The most remarkable of these Queensferry. At a small distance from it, is the Spout of Eallagan, a cascade 70 feet upon a peninsula, stands the Castle of the high. After a course of 8 miles farther, it same name, a very ancient fortification, joins the Endiick, a short way before itfalls and one of the four in Scotland, which, by into Lochlomond. the articles of the Union, are stipulated to BLANTYRE, a parish in Lanarkshire, be kept in repair. 6 miles in length, and on an average one in BLACKSHIELS, a small village, 15 breadth. Its whole surface is a plain. The miles from Edinburgh, on the great road soil is in general fertile. It is watered by to . the Calder ; and the Clyde forms the north- BLACKSIDE-END, a hill in Ayrshire, ern boundary. A very extensive cotton in the parish of Som, 1560 feet in height. spinning machinery has of late increased BLACKWATER, or BLACKADDER, a the population one-half. Iron-stone, for river in Berwickshire, which takes its rise the supply of the Clyde iron-works, is in the Lammcrmuir hills, and falls into the wrought to great advantage. The ruins of BON B O R

the ancient priory of Blantyre are situated tadder,) it has lately been much improved - on the top of a rock, which rises perpendicu- The rest of the parish, particularly on the larly from the Clyde. Blantyre gives the banks of the Whittadder, is a fertile loam. title of Earon to the family of Stewart.— Population 766. The VILLAGE of Blantyre is situated 7 BONNINGTON, a village in the parish miles S. E. of Glasgow. Population 2092. of Ratho, county of Mid-Lothian. BODDOM, a village on the sea coast of BONNINGTON, a small village near Buchan, near Peterhead, chiefly inhabited Edinburgh, on the water of Leith, on the by fishermen. road from Edinburgh to Newhaven. BODOTRIA, the ancient name of the BOOSHALA, a small island S. of the Frith of Forth. island of Staffa, from which it is separated BOGIE, a river in Aberdeenshire. It by a stormy channel, about ."0 yards wide. rises in the parish of Auchindoir, and, after It is of an irregular pyramidal form, entire- running through a beautiful valley or strath ly composed of basaltic columns, inclined to which it gives its name, falls into the in every direction, but principally pointing Deveron a little below the town of Huntly. towards the top of the cone. BOHARM, a parish, situated partly in BORERAY, a small fertile island of the Banffand partly in Moray shires. Its fi- Hebrides, lying northward of N. Uist. gure is so irregular, that no accurate idea BORfiUE, a parish in the Stewartry of can be given of its extent. The rivers Spey Kirkcudbright, about 10 miles in length,

and Fiddich run at the bottom of an exten- and 7 in breadth ; its superficial contents sive valley, which is surrounded witli high are not more than 40 square miles. In mountains, of which the hill of Benlageen some places of the coast.it presents a per- is the most remarkable. The house of Airn- pendicular cliff to the sea, upwards of 300 dilly is delightfully situated on the banks feet high. In this parish are the ruins of of the Spey. The ancient castle of Gal vail the tower of Balmangan, and Plunton cas- is worthy the attention of travellers. Po- tle. Population 85S. pulation 1190. BORROWSTOWNNESS, a barony and BOLESKINE and ABERTARFF, an parish in the county of Linlithgow, extend- united parish in the county of Inverness, ing about 4 miles in length, and 2 1-2 in about 24 miles in length, and 12 in breadth. breadth. It lies on the banks ofthe Forth.

The soil is various. Its western part is le- The surface is various ; inclining gradually

vel ; the eastern, which affords pasturage to the Frith on the N. and on the W. to the to a great number of black cattle and sheep, river Avon. Borrowstownness is a burgh is mountainous. There are a number of of barony, governed by a bailie appointed

lakes in this parish ; and it is intersected by the Duke of Hamilton. It has two main by several rivers Fort Augustus, and the streets running from W. to E. which at Fall of Foyers, are situated in this parish. last terminate in one. A vitriol manufac- Near the latter is the seat of Fraser of tory, a pottery, a soap work, and some

Foyers. Population 1748. building are carried on ; and the trade of BOLTON, a parish in Haddingtonshire, the town is considerably augmented by the about C miles in length, and 1 1-4 broad. exportation of the coal dug in the parish. The surface is level, with the exception of Three Greenlandmen belong to the port, a gentle rising about the middle of the pa- and it employs a few vessels in the Baltic rish. The soil is generally fertile- Popu- trade. In the immediate vicinity of the lation 265. town are extensive salt works. The harbour BONHILL, a parish in Dunbartonshire, is the safest and most commodious in the forming a square of about 4 miles. It is Frith. Population 2790. watered by the Leven. The parish is all BORTHWICK, a parish in the county of enclosed, and is well cultivated. It has 2 Edinburgh, about 6 miles in length, and 4 villages, Bonhill and Alexandria, whose in- in breadth. Its soil, though varied, is in

habitants are chiefly employed in the Print- general fertile ; and agriculture is prosecu- fields. Population 2,460 ted to much advantage, to w hich the con- BONKLE and PRESTON, a united pa- tiguity of Dalkeith as a ready market has rish in Berwickshire, forming a square of greatly contributed. There are two small nearly 6 miles. The soil on the high lands, villages in the parish, viz. Ford and Middle-

towards the Lammermuir hills, is thin, dry, ton ; at the last of which is a post-office.

and poor ; but by the application of lim e About a mile and a half from the church and marl, (the latter of which is found in stand the ruins of Borthwick Castle, built great quantities on the banks of the VVhit- in 1 136 by Lord Borthwick. It is an ama- o u BRA zing mass of building, seemingly of great Tradition reports, that here Thomas de strength, and surrounded on every side Longueville, the brave associate of Sir with water, except the W. where the en- William Wallace, was killed. Population trance was defended by two towers^ The 442. church-yard contains a Roman altar; and BOWDEN, a parish in the county ofRox- in the choir of the old chureh the effigies burgh, extending in length about 6 and in of Lord Borthwick and his lady are finely breadth 4 1 1-2 miles. The soil is fertile, cut iB stone.—Oliver Cromwell besieged and aboutthree-fourths ofthe parish is un- this castle in 1 650; and it was surrendered der tillage- There are here the ruins of to him on his summons. Here also the the castle of Holydean, once the residence Earl of , and the unfortunate Ma- of the Dukes of Roxburgh; and the family ry, took refuge till after the battle of Car- of Carre of Cavers have their residence in berry hill. This parish has produced many this parish. Population S56. eminent men, among whom may be named BOWER, a parish in the county of Caith- the late Principal Robertson. Population ness, about 7 miles in length, and 3 in 3745. breadth. There are several cairns and re- BORTHWICK, a river in Roxburghshire, mains of Druidical circles in the parish. which has its rise in the parish of Rober- Population 147S. town, on the borders of the county of Dum- BOWMONT, a small riverin Roxburgh- fries, and falls into tho Tiviot, about a shire,, which rises on the English border, mile above . and falls into the Till, near the village of BOSWELL'S (ST), aparishin Roxburgh- . shire, generally named Lessuden. BOWMORE, a village in the island of BOSWELL'S (ST) GREEN, a place in Islay, in the parish of Killarrow. It con- the above parish, 13 miles S. ofLauder, and tains 700 inhabitants. 7 N. of Jedburgh, where one of the largest ,a small parish in Banffshire, fairs in Scotland is held, on the ISth July. extending in length 5 miles, and from a BOTH-KENNAR, a small parish in the mile to a mile and a half in breadth. A

county of Stirling, forming a square ofabout bout one halfis arable ; the rest being hilly 1 1-2 mile. It is perfectly level through and fitter for pasture. The sea bounds the

its whole extent, and every acre is inclosed parish for 3 miles ; and a fishing town call- and cultivated. The river Canon intersects ed, , which contains nearly 500 It, over which there is a bridge. Population inhabitants, chiefly fishermen, is built on

821. one ofthe creeks. Population 1 1 22. BOTHWELL, an ancient barony and pa- BOYNE, a district and small river of rish on the banks of the Clyde, in the coun- Banffshire. ty of Lanark, S 1-2 miles in length, and 4 BRACADALE, a parish of Inverness- in breadth. It is intersected by the Calder, shire, on the west side of the isle of Sky, whose banks are beautifully skirted with about 25 miles-long, and from 7 to 1 1 broad. wood. The road from Edinburgh to Glas- The shore for the most part is bold and gow passes through the parish. Bothwell rocky, and is intersected by several bays and Castle, the seat of the family of Douglas, is harbours, of which the chief are, LochsBra-

an extensive and noble structure ; and the cadale, Harport, Eynort, and Britil. The ruins of the chapel and the old castle of islands are Haversay, Vuiay, Soay, and Or- Bothwell are much admired by all visitors. ansay, which last is a peninsula at low wa- Woodhall, a seat of Colonel Campbell, is al- ter. The surface of the parish is hilly, with

so an elegant house, The VILLAGE of some level fields near the sea ; it is chiefly Bothw ell is pleasantly situated on the banks adapted for grazing. Population 1869. of the Clyde, 8 miles from Glasgow. Not BRADEN, (LOCH), a small lake in Ayr- far from it is Bothwell Bridge, near which shire, with an island and ancient castle. place the Covenanters were defeated by the BRAIDWOOD, a populous village in the Duke of Monmouth. Population 3745. parish of Carluke, Lanarkshire, about 8 BOTRIPHNIE, a parish in Banffshire, ex- miles distant from the town of Lanark. tending in length 4 1-2, and in breadth BRAEMARR, a mountainous district of three miles. Population 577. Scotland, in the county of Aberdeen. Here BOURTRIE, a parish in the county of the Earl of Marr raised the standard of re- Aberdeen, about 4 miles long and 2 broad. bellion in 1715. On the hill ofBana are vestiges of an ex- BRAID HILLS, a continuation of that tensive circular .camp, which occupies near- ridge ofhi Us ofwhich those ofPentland form ly 3 acres, and is surrounded by 3 ditches. a part. They are situated about 2 miles Ss ; ;;

B R E B R E

of Edinburgh, and are noted for the mi- army under Edward I. ; and, notwithstand- nerals with which they abound. They are ing he used every effort to compel the be- separated from Blackford hills by a small sieged to a surrender, the brave governor rivulet named Braid's Burn, near which Sir Thomas Maule, still held out, until he Mr Gordon, the proprietor, has erected a was killed by a stone thrown from an en- retired villa. The most elevated point of gine, when the place was instantly given Braid hills is about 700 feet above the level up. A descendant of this brave man was of the sea. in 161G created Lord Maule of Brechin, and BRAIDALBANE, a district of Perth- Earl of Panmure. William Maitland, au- shire, bounded on the N. and E. by Locha- thor of tlie histories of London and Edin-

ber and Athol ; on the S. by Stratherne burgh; Dr Gillies, the historian of Greece ;

and Monteith ; and on the W. by , Dr Tytler, the translator of Callimachus Lorn, and Knapdale. Its extent in length and his brother James Tytler, wlio had so is about 33 miles, and in breadth 31. It is large a share in compiling the Encyclopae- a very mountainous country, lying amongst dia Britannica and other works, were na- the Grampian hills. Its valleys are fertile tives of thisparish. Population of thetown the springs, however, are remarkably late, and parish in 1SG1, 5466- 55.59. but the summer advances with such rapi- BRECHIN, a royal burgh and parish j dity, that the seed has been sown and rea- of the county of Angus, which was in for- ped in the course of nine weeks. It has mer times an episcopal see, and the coun- several extensive lakes. Kenmore, Killin, ty town. The town is situated on the side and Clifton, are the principal villagesin tlie ofa hill, the foot of which is washed by Hie j district. Braidalbane gives the title of ; river Southesk. Trie royalty extends half Earl to a branch of the family of Camp- a mile every way from the cross, but the I bell. ' suburbs extends a considerable way farther. BRAINSFORD, or B AINSFORD, a vil- Towards the S. and E. are the Tenements, |

lage in Stirlingshire, upon the great canal, i as they are called ; they are independent near Falkirk. It is situated a mile N.from i of theourgb, and held in feu of Carnegie

Falkirk, and contains SOO inhabitants. ! of Southesk, At the end of the Tenements BRAN, a small river, whichfalls into the is a stone bridge over the Southesk, of two j Tay near Dunkeld. It passes through the large arches. Brechin consists of ahandsome

pleasure grounds of the Duke of Athol, stre 3t, with bye-lanes ; and is supplied witfc where it forms one of the finest cascades in water by means of leaden pipes. It was a the kingdom. Here the Duke has erected rich bishopric, founded in the year 1 159 by an elegant boudoir, named Ossiah's Hall, David I. and richly endowed. The cathe- from whence the cascade is seen to the dral is an ancient Gothic pile, supported by best advantage. It falls into the Tay at 42 pillars; the length is 116 feet, and the

Invar, opposite to Dunkeld. breadth 61 ; arid is ornamented with a BREACAN (Gulf of). SeeCORYYREC- handsome square steeple, 120 feet high. KAN. Near the church is one of those round tow- BRECHIN, a parish in the shire of An- ers, of which there is only another in Scot- gus, nearly 7 1-2 miles each way, bounded land, at Abernethy. Antiquarians have •on the N. by Strickathrow, on the E. by been long divided with regard to" the erectors

Dun, on the S. by Fernell, on the S. W. by of their towers, or their use ; while some Aberlemno, on the W. by Careston, and on attribute their construction to the Picts the N. W. by Menmuir. The ground rises others suppose them to have been subser-

gradually from the banks of the South Esk, vient to the purposes of religion ; and others which runs through the middle of the pa- are of opinion, that they have been intend- rish. The soil is in general fertile, and a- ed for the purposes of war.—The tower of griculture is making rapid advances ; while Brechin is a circular column, with a stair- its vicinity to the town of Montrose gives caseto the top, its height is SG feet, and the farmer a near port for the exportation the octagonal spire which covers it 23 feet

of his surplus grain. The South Esk a- high, making in all 103 feet ; its diameter bounds with salmon and trout. In the at the bottom is 16 feet. Mr. Grose has northern part ofthe parish are the remains noticed that the regular courses of stone

of a Danish camp. Brechin castle, the amount exactly to 60 ; upon the whole, seat of the Hon. W. R. Maule, is built on a the proportion gives to the building a look perpendicular rock, overhanging the South of great elegance.—The soil of the parish Esk, half a mile S. of the town. It sustain- is generally fertile. Brechin Castle, a seat ed a siege of 20 days in 1303 by the English of the Hon. W. R. Maule, is built on tie B R O B R U brink of a perpendicular rock, overhanging county of Sutherland, extending 4 miles in the Southesk, a little to the S. of the town. length, and near a mile broad. It abounds The vicinity to Montrose is of muchadvan- with salmon, and has an artificial island tageforthe exportation ofits extra produce. in the centre, 1 40 feet long and 70 broad. Population 5466, BRORA, a river which rises from the , one of the isles, a- lake of that name, and after forming sever- bout 4 miles long and 2 broad. It is famous al beautiful cascades, falls into the ocean a for excellent slates. Population 700. little below the village of Brora. BRESSAY SOUND, a capacious bay in BROTHER ISLE, a small island of Shet- Shetland, one of the finest harbours in Bri- land, on the south coast of Yell. tain, the Rendezvous of the English and BROTHER (LOCH), a small lake in Dutch busses employed in the herring fish- Renfrewshire, about 3 miles in circuit. ery ; and is often resorted to by the BROTHOCK.a small river in the coun- , on the passage to Greenland and Da- ty of Angus, which takes its rise in the pa- vis' Straits. rish of Inverkeilor, and, after being joined BRESSAY, BURR A, and , an by several small rivulets, falls into the sea united parish in Shetland, comprehending at the burgh of Aberbrothock, about 6 miles a part of the mainland, and the islands from its source. Bressay, Burra, House, Haveia, and Noss, BROUGH, a fishing village in , •with other small islets or holms. Popula- near Dunnet-head, where there is a safe tion 1330. harbour. BRIARACHIN, a river in Perthshire, BROUGH-HEAD, a village in the pa- which rises in the parish of Moulin, and rish of Duffus, , containing running through Glenbriarachan, forms 400 inhabitants, the Ardle, by its junction with the Arnot. BROUGHTON, a parish in the district BRIDE-KIRK, a village in the parish of of Tweedale, which consists of 2 ridges of Annan, 4 miles N. of that town, lying on hills, with a valley betwixt them, about 4 the W. bank of the river of that name, on miles in length, and 3 in breadth. There the road from to Dumfries. An are the remains of ten castles or towers, woollen manufactory is established here, which'appear to have been ofgreat strength. which seems to do well. It was only begun In one of these Macbeth is said to have liv- in 1800, and at present contains nearly ed, and it still retains his name. The 300 inhabitants. small river of Biggar runs through the pa- BRIDGE-END, a small village in the rish. It contains a small village of the parish of Crieff, and county of Perth, at the same name, through which the road from end of the Bridge over the Earn. Edinburgh to Dumfries passes. Population BRIDGE-END, a large village on the 231. banks of the Nith, in the parish of Troquair. BROXBURN, a village in Linlithgow- It is separated from the town of Dumfries shire, in the parish of Uphall, seated on a by a narrow bridge of nine arches. rivulet of the same name. BRIDGETOWN, a small village in Fife- BROXBURN, a rivulet of Haddington- shire, adjoining Linktown of Kirkcaldy on shire, which rises in the parish of Spott, the W., in the parish of Kinghorn. and falls into the sea near Dunbar. BRIDGETOWN, a village in the barony BRUAR, a small turbulent stream in A- parish of Glasgow, and a suburb of that thol, celebrated for the romantic beauty city. of its cascades. The upper fall is supposed BROADLAW, a mountain in Peebles- to be nearly 200 feet, Itjoins the Garry a shire, 2S00 feet high. short distance below Pitagowan. , a small fishing village in BRUCEHAVEN, a small village in the Buchan, a little W. from the town of Fras- parish of , Fifeshire, adjoining erburgh, containing 160 inhabitants. the village of Limekilns, where there is a BROOM (LOCH), an extensive salt wa- brewery and a quay. ter lake or arm of the sea in Ross-shire, BRUIACH (LOCH), a lake in Inverness - noted for excellent herrings. It contains shire, about 2 miles long and 1 broad. It many fine harbours, on one of which the abounds with trout and char ; and there is newly erected village of is situ- a small island with ruins in the middle of ated- it. BRORA, a small village on the sea coast BRUNSWARK, a hill in Dumfries. shire, of Sutherlandshire. famous for two rectangular encampments, BRORA (LOCH), a beautiful lake in the still very entire. From this hill the great U I U R

military roads go off in all directions ver Urr, which bounds it sn the E. is navi- throughthe southern parts of the kingdom. gable for small vessels. The ruins of Buit- BUCCLEUCH, a village in , tle castle are very considerable. There is from which the family of Scott takes the also a vitrified fort on the top of one of the title of Duke. hills, Population 932. BUCHAN, a district on the east coast, , a small fishing comprehending part of Banffshire, and village in Aberdeenshire, in the parish of

part of the county of Aberdeen. It con- Cruden ; situated on the sea coast, near the tains 21 parishes, 450 square miles, and stupendous rocks called by the same name. 36,172 inhabitants. Its surface, though It has a circular basin of great depth, into in some places fertile and well cultivated, which a boat may sail through a long vault- is generally barren, of a bleak appearance. ed arch 30 or 40 feet high. It formerly belonged to the Earls of Bu- BUN-AW, a village in Argyleshire, at chan; but upon the attainder of that fami- thejunction of the river Aw with Loch ly in 1320, Robert Bruce divided the lands Etive, 13 miles from Dalmally, and 16 from among his friends. Oban. BUCHANNESS, a cape or promontory BURGH-HEAD, a promontory of Wig-- in Aberdeenshire, near Peterhead. tonshire, in the parish of , sup- BUCHANAN, a parish on the N. side of posed by many to be the most southern Lochlomond, in the county of Stirling, 18 land in Scotland; being a few seconds far- miles in length and 6 in breadth. With ther S. than the point of the Mull of Gallo- the exception of the two fertile valleys of way. Glendow and Glendochart, its surface is , a royal burgh and pa- mountainous. The Forth has its rise in rish in the county of Fife. The town is plea- ttie upper part of it. The river Endrick santly situated on the banks of the Frith runs through the parish. Some of the is- of Forth, upon a peninsula, surrounded by lands in Lochlomond belong to this parish; hills towards the N. in the form of an am- on one of which, Inchcalloch, lately stood phitheatre. These lie about half a mile the parish church. There are besides 3 from the town, and shelter it from the small lakes, which abound with trout and northerly blasts. It was constituted a roy-

pike ; and also some very extensive ^oak al burgh by James VI. It. is well supplied woods. On theside of Lochlomond stands with excellent water, and possesses a har- the house of Buchanan, the seat of the bour inferior to none in Scotland, and a dry Duke of Montrose. At is a dock having 17 1-2 feet water at spring small fort, on which a guard is mounted tides. Burntisland has 7 incorporated by a detachment from Dunbarton castle. trades. It is governed by a provost, 3 bai- Population 627. lies, a dean of guild, treasurer, and 21 BUCHAN Y, a small village of Perth- councillors. Herring curing and cooper- shire, in the parish of Kilmadock, contain- age are the chief branches of its business. ing 174 inhabitants. Along with Kinghorn, Kirkcaldy, and Dy- BUCHLYVIE, a village in Stirlingshire, sart, it sends a member to Parliament. in the parish of Kippen. Population 510. There is regular ferry to Leith at full and BUCK, a mountain in Aberdeenshire, half tide. —The parish of Burntisland forms 2377 feet above the level of the sea. a square of nearly 3 miles. The soil ot the

BUCKHAVEN, a fishing village in the lowerground is rich and fertile ; but the rest county of Fife, in the parish of Wemyss, 4 of the parish is of an inferior quality. To

miles E. of Kirkcaldy. Population 950. the W. of the town the shore is rocky ; and BUCKIE, a considerable fishing village for a quarter of a mile E. as far as Petty- in the parish of Rathven, county of Banff, cur, it is sandy. The hills in the neigh- 4 miles E of Speymouth, containing about bourhood of the town exhibits many ap- 700 inhabitants. pearances of volcanic fire. There are seve- BUDDO, an insulated rock on the coast ral basaltic columns, particularly on the N. of Fife, about 2 miles E. from St. Andrews. sides of the hills, and the remains of an BUIAY (Greater and Lesser), two small encampment, called Agricola's camp. On islands about 2 milles S. ofSky. some of the others there are tumuli of great BUITTLE, a parish on the banks of the size. Population 2000. Sol way Frith, in the stewartry of Kirkcud- BURRA, a small island of Shetland, a. bright. Its extent in length is about 8 bout 3 miles in circumference, affording ex- miles, and its breadth 3 miles. Its surface cellent pasturage. is unequal, but the soil is fertile. The ri BURRA Y, one of the islands, a- BUT : B Y R t>out 4 miles long, and 1 broad. The in- and gave the title of Duke to the heir-appa- habitants, whose chief employment is fish- rent of the crown of Scotland. Bute give* ing, are nearly 400 in number. the title of Marquis to a branch of the family BUTE, an island in the Frith of Clyde, of Stewart. The Marquis is Admiral of the separated from , a district of Argyle- county, by virtue of a commission from the t shire, by a narrow ; channel. It extends in king, and is no way dependent on the length about 18 miles, and from 4 to 5 in Lord' High Admiral of Scotland. Mount breadth. The northern parts of the island Stewart, a seat of the Marquis of Bute, are rocky and barren, but the southern ex- and from whence he takes his second title, tremity is more fertile. This island, along is an elegant house, situated about 200 with the islands Arran, Greater and Lesser yards from the E. shore, having a fine view Cambray, and , form a coun- of the Frith of Clyde. Around the house ty under the name of the shire of Bute. there is a forest of fine trees. Population This shire and that of Caithness sends a 5824. •member to Parliament alternately. It has BUTTERSTONE LOCH, a small lake In one royal burgh. Rothesay, which is also the parish of Cluny, in Perthshire, adjoin- the chief town of the shire. The island of ing to the loch of the Lows, on the road Bute contains two parishes. The coast is from Dunkeld to Blairgowrie. rocky, but indented with several safe har- BUTTON-NESS, or BARRY SANDS; bours, from which are annually fitted out a a sandy promontory in Forfarshire, on the- number of busses for the herring fishery. North side of the mouth of the river Tay. There are several remains of antiquity on BYRE-BURN, a rivulet in Dumfries- the islands, in particular near Rothesay, shire, in the parish oi'Canoby, which joins the ruins of an ancient Castle, with a fort, the Esk at a place called Byre Bum-foot, barracks, and drawbridge, which was for- where the Duke of Bucclcuch has a coal- merly the residence of the Scottish Kings, liery.

c

CAD

^P*AAF, a rivulet in Ayrshire, which takes The roads from Edinburgh to Glasgow, and ^"^ its rise in the high moor grounds, se- from Glasgow to Falkirk, by Cumbernauld, veral miles above the village of Dairy, and pass through the parish. The river Kel- after a course of 10 or 12 miles, falls into vin forms its northern boundary for nearly the Garnock near its junction with the 12 miles. Antoninus' wallcan be distinct- sea, a little above which it exhibits a fine ly traced for 4 miles, and one of the watch cascade 40 feet in height. towers on it is still very visible. At Rob- CABRACH, a parish in Aberdeen and roystone, on the 13th September, 1303, Banff shires, extending 5 miles in length, Sir William Wallace was betrayed to Ed- and about 3 in breadth. Its surface is ward I. Population 2487. mountainous, and more adapted for pas- CAERKETAN CRAIG, one ofthe Pent- ture than cultivation. The Deveron and land Hills, 1150 feet above the level of the the Fiddich streams water this parish. Po- sea. pulation 756. , a parish in the coun- CADDER, or CALDER, a parish in the ty of Dumfries, on a kind of peninsula for- county of Lanark, extending 13 miles in med by the , Lochar water, and length from E. to W., and between 3 and the Sol way Firth. It contains 1014 square 4 miles in breadth. The great canal be- miles The middle and western part is tween the Forth and Clyde runs through it hilly, but towards the E. the surface is low for 5 miles. The Bishop's loch, a small and level. The Nith and Lochar abound lake, one mile in length, and a quarter of with fish. Near the mouth of the Nith are a mile in breadth, is occupied as a reser- to be traced the vestiges of a moated trian- voir fax supplying the canal with water. gular castle, supposed to be the Garbunto- C A I J C A I rigum of Ptolemy. To the N. E. of these CAIRN-O'MOUNT.oneoftbe Grampian remains is the venerable ruin of the ancient mountains in Kincardineshire, near the ri- castle of Caerlaverock, built about the year ver Dee. Over this mountain there is an ex- 1424, and long the residence of the family cellent road, opening a communication be- of Maxwell. Population 1170. tween the S. and N. parts of the coun- CAIRN, a village in Wigtonshire, in the try. parish of ; on the coast of Loch CAIRNMONEARN, one of the Gram- Ryan. It has a good harbour and a safe bay, pians in Aberdeenshire, 1020 feet in height. it lies 6 1-2 miles S. from Stranraer. CAIRNNAPLE, a mountain in Linlith- CAIRN, a river -which has its source gowshire, 1498 feet in height. in Che higher parts of Dumfries-shire, and CAIRNSMUIR, a mountain in Kirkcud- running S. E. forms the boundary between brightshire, supposed to be the highest in that shire and the stewartry of Kirkcud- the S. of Scotland. Its height is 1737 feet bright. It falls into the Nith about 3 miles above the level of the sea. above Dumfries. CAIRN Y, a parish in the county of A- CAIRNCHUICHNAIG, a mountain in berdeen. It extends along the banks of Ross shire, in Kincardine parish, upon the river Logie, in the neighbourhood of which are found topaze similar to those of the thriving town of Huntly. The surface hilly, the Cairngorum. is but on the low grounds the soil is , a village in Argyleshire, deep, and fertile. Population 1765. In the parish of Loch-goil-head. It is a CAIRNEY-HILL, a village in the parish stage on the military road, 94 miles from of , Fifeshire, situated on the road Edinburgh, 36fromDunbarton,and 9 from leading from Dunfermline to Stirling, con- Inverary. taining 400 inhabitants.

CAIRN EILAR, (i. e. HILL OF EAG- CAITHNESS, otherwise called the shire LES,) a high mountain at the junction of of Wick, is the most northerly county of 3 counties, Perth, Aberdeen, and Inver- Scotland. It is bounded on the N. and E„ ness, and where the districts of Marr, Ba- by the Pentland Frith, and the German O- cean denoch, and Athole meet. It is 4000 feet ; on the W. and S. W. by the county above the level of the sea. of Sutherland; and on the S. terminated CAIRNEY-HILL, a village in the parish in an extremity called the Ord. It extends of Darnock,Fifeshire, 2 miles W. of Dun- 35 miles, from N. to S. and about 22 from fermline, and 1 mile E. of Torryburn. It E. to W. The coast is rocky, and remarka- Is situated on the road leading from Dun- ble for a number of bays and promontories. fermline to Alloa and Stirling, and con- Of the latter, the chief are, Land- head, tains about 400 inhabitants, who are prin- Holbom-head, and Dunnet-head, towards cipally employed in the manufacture of ta- the Pentland Frith and Dungisbay-head; ble linen. and the Ord running out into the German CAIRNGELLIE, a mountain in Perth- Ocean. There are also 2 smaller promon- shire, 8 miles N. of Crieff. tories, Clytheness and Noss-head, near CAIRNGORM, or BLUE MOUNTAIN, which the sea is remarkable for the great impetuosity one of the highest cf the Grampian hills, is of the waves, even in the calm- situated betwixt the counties of Banff and est weather. The principal bays are Scri- Moray. Its height is 4050 feet above the bister and Rice bays, and the bay of Thur- level of the sea, and 1780 feet above Loch so. The only island annexed to Caithness Avon, though this lake is only a mile from is Stroma, in the Pentland Frith; Caith- its base. It is of a conical shape. The ness is well watered with small rivers, and sides and base are clothed with extensive contains a few woods of birch. It contains fir one royal burgh, woods, while its top is covered almost Wick ; the town ofThurso, a barony the whole year with snow. It is celebrated under the superiority of Sir John Sinclair for these beautiful rock crystals of various of Ulbster, and 10 parishes. It tints, which are called Cairngorm stones. sends a member to Parliament alternately They are in general of a regular hexagonal with the . The ruins of form. Besides these stones, fine specimens Cast!. Sinclair and Germengo, of Auch- asbestos, navern, Dirlet, of covered with calcareous crystal • and Lochmore, exhibit lizations, talc, zeolite, crystallized quartz, much of the grandeur of the noblest edifi- spars ces and the and are frequently found. ; tumuli, , and cairns, shew CAIRNHARRAH, a mountain in the it to have been often the scene of warlike stewartry of Kirkcudbright, parish of An- exploits. Caithness is peopled by a hardy worth, elevated 1 100 feet in height. and industrious race, who apply themselves ;

C A L 40 C A L

chiefly to fishing and the rearing of black CALDER, a small river in Renfrewshire,

cattle and sheep ; of the former they send has its rise in the moorlands, on the borders out in some years 20,000. The valued rent of Ayrshire, and running an easterly course

is L.37, 256 Scots ; and the real land rent of some miles, intersects the parish of Loch- is estimated atL.19,950 Sterling. Popula- winnoch, and falls into the loch of that tion 23, 729. name, after giving motion to two large CALDER, a parish chiefly situated in spinning-mills at the village. the , but a small part lies CALDER (SOUTH), a small river in in that of Inverness. Its figure is irregu- Lanarkshire, which rises in the parish of lar. It contains 26,000 acres, of which Shotts, and running a S. W. course, falls 18,000 are moor and moss. The lands are into the Clyde nearCambusnethan. liable to be overflown by the rivulet ofCal- CALDER, (NORTH), another rivulet in der and the water of Nairn. Besides these, Lanarkshire, which issues from Black Loch the rapid river of Findhorn, abounding in the parish of E. Monkland, and falls into with salmon, runs through the upper part the Clyde, about 5 miles above Glasgow. of the parish. Calder castle is in this pa- CALDER (LOCH), a lake in the county rish. It has been a place ofgreat strength of Caithness, and parish of Halkirk, 2 miles and the drawbridge is still to be seen long, and three quarters of a mile broad. but there is no water in the moat. The CAIFA, a small island of the Hebrides;

tower is very ancient ; its walls are of great near Tirey. thickness, arched at top with stone, and CALLADER (LOCH), a small lake, a.

surrounded with battlements : the rest of bout 2 or 3 miles in circumference, in the the house is later, though far from modern. parish of Crathy, Aberdeenshire. It a- Population 1091. bounds with trout, and contains a few sal- CALDER, anciently the name of a dis- mon and eel, it discharges its water by the trict in the county of Edinburgh, is now river Eidh, a tributary stream of the Dee. divided into the parishes of West and Mid- CALLANDER and DENN1STOWN, Calder; East-Calder being joined to Kirk- two villages in the neighbourhood of Glas- newton. gow, containing, in 1793, 60S inhabitants. CALDER (MID), a parish in the county CALLENDER, a village and parish in of Mid-Lothian, extending in length about the district of Monteith, county of Perth.— 7 miles, and about 5 in breadth. The sur- From the banks of the Teith, one of the face is generally level, and the soil tolera- most considerable branches of the Forth-, bly fertile.—The TOWN of Mid-Calder is the parish extends among the Grampian

pleasantly situated near Calder wood, and hills about 16 miles in length ; its greatest contains about 650 inhabitants. A little breadth ueing about 10. The appearance to the W. of the town stands Calder House, of the country on the W. andN. is moun- the seat of . The picture tainous, and covered with heath. At the of John Knox is hung up in the same hall village of Callenderis a beautiful valley, in where he dispensed the sacrament of the which is situated another village called Lord's Supper for the first time in Scotland . Callender is remarkable for the after the Reformation. The house of Green- wild and romantic scenery of its prospects, bank, near the village, is celebrated as the which no pen or pencil can give an ade- birth-place of John Spottiswood, arch- quate idea of. The , Loch Ca. bishop of St. Andrew's Population 140S. therine, and the other lakes which are CALDER (WEST), a parish in Mid-Lo- formed by the waters of the Teith, are vi- thian, extending in length 10, and in sited by those who are desirous of seeing breadth 51-2 miles. The southern part, nature in her grandest state. Above the which borders on Lanarkshire, consists of Trossachs, Benledi, Benvenu, and other high and moorish ground, interspersed with lofty mountains, raise their rocky heads. mosses of considerable extent. In the sou- Strangers who visit this neighbourhood thern extremity stands an old castle, said should have with them " Scott's Lady of to have been fortified by Cromwell ; and at the Lake," in which our Scottish bard so Castle Craig arc the remains of a R .nan beautifully describes many of the roman- camp in a pretty entire state. Population tic scenes in this parish. Vide Trossachs ; 1435. Catherine, Loch. Near Loch Lubnaig the CALDER (WEST), a small village in the scenery is charming, and is ornamented by above parish, 4 miles S. W. of Mid-Calder, the woods and pleasure grounds of Kin- and 7 N. of Wilsontown, on the road from naird, the seat of the late Mr. Bruce, the Edinburgh to Lanark. Abyssinian traveller. On the rivulet of .

CAM

Kelly is a cascade 50 feet high.—The Vil- 3 or 4 times a year. The principal occupa- lage of Callender is built on a regular plan, tion of its inhabitants is the weaving and and lies on the banks of the Teith. A set- spinning of cotton. Coal has been wrought tlement for the soldiers discharged after foe upwards of 300 years. It contains also the German war was established here by vast beds of excellent freestone, and a stra- government in 1763.— -Population, includ- tum ofMarble, 6 to 12 inches thick.-Latrick ing the villages of Callender and Kilmahog, and Gilbertfieldare in this parish. Popu- 2049. lation 20S5.

- CALLIGRAY, one of the Western Isles, CAMBu SMICHAEL, a parish in Perth- in the district of Harris. The inhabitants shire, united to St. Martins. See St. Mar- live principally by fishing. tins.

1 CALNAR, a rivulet in Lanarkshire, tribu- CAMBUSNETHAN, a parish and vil- tary to the Aven. lage on the banks of the Clyde, in the mid- CALTON, a suburb of Glasgow. (See dle ward of the county of Lanark, 12 miles Glasgow.) in length, and 3 in breadth. The ground CALTON, a suburb of Edinburgh. (See on the banks of the Clyde and Calder is Edinburgh.) rich and well cultivated. It contains abun- CALVE, a small island on the coast of dance of coal, ironstone, and freestone.— Mull, near the village of Tobermory. The village of Cambusnethan is situated CALWAR and CUREEN, two moun- on the road leading from Glasgow to La- tains in Aberdeenshire, elevated 1200 nark. Population 2 6L'l. feet above the level of the Don, which flows CAMELON, a village in Stirlingshire, on at their base. the line of the great canal near Falkirk. CAMBRAY, CUMERAY, or CIM- The road to Glasgow and Stirling passes BRAES, an island in the Frith of Clyde, through it. Population 56S. distant from the coast of Ayrshire about 2 CAMERON, a parish and village in Fife-

miles ; from the island of Bute, (to which shire, 4 miles square. It has a bleak nak it is attached in the county division), a- ed appearance, being almost a continued

bout 3 miles ; and separated from the Lit- tract of heathy moor. The village lies a- tle Cambray, upon the S. by a channel of bout 4 miles S. W. from St. Andrew's. Po. 3-4th of a mile broad. Its surface con- pulation 1005. tains 2500 acres, the third part of which is CAMILLA (LOCH,) a small lake in the arable. The soil is in general a gravelly parish of Auchtertool, Fifeshire. It takes loam, in some places it has a mixture of its name from the old house of Camilla in day. The village of Mullportis situated its neighbourhood. on the S. W. The is the CAMLACHIE, a village in the barony principal proprietor. Population 605. and parish of Glasgow, 2 miles E. from the CAMBRAY, (LITTLE or LESSER,) an city, containing about 1000 inhabitants. island, situated 3- 4th of a mile from Grea- CAMPBELLTOWN.— It was erected ter Cambray, about a mile in length, and into a royal burgh in 1701. It is situated 1-2 in breadth. Upon the S. side are a few in that district of Argyleshire called Kin - dwelling-houses, and an old Gothic castle. tyre, of which it is the presbytery seat. The There are several caves in the island, two harbour is about 2 miles long, and 1 broad, of which are very remarkable. The Earl in the form of a cresent, and is surrounded of Eglinton is proprietor of the island. by high hills on each side, with an entrance. CAMBUS, a small village in the parish Campbelltown is a large and flourishing of Alloa, and county of Clackmannan, 2 town, and is daily increasing. It was the miles W. of Alloa, and 1 S. of Tullibody. capital of the ancient Scottish or Dalreue- It is situated at the confluence of the De- dinian kingdom. The parish of Campbell- von with the Forth, and has an extensive town is in length about 11 miles, and its distillery. breadth varies from 6 to 10. It contains , a parish in the county 43,750 acres. It is narrowed in the mid- of Lanark, on the South bank of the river dle by the bay of Machir-hanish on one side, Clyde, about Smiles square. The surface and the loch of Kilkerran, or harbour of is beautifully diversified with hill and dale, Campbelltown, on the other, running in- consisting of a ridge of about half a mile land a considerable way. The space be- broad, formed by Dickmount and Surnlea tween these bays forms a fine plain of 4 hills. The Clyde is here about 250 feet broad, miles in length, and 3 in breadth. From and generally overflows a part of the parish this plain both ends of the parish gradually CAN

become hilly, rising to the height of 1200 nal remained in this state till 1784, when feet. The soil is various, and in general the company, having received L.50,000 well cultivated. Population 7807. from the forfeited estates, prosecuted the a village in Inver- plan with CAMPBELLTOWN, vigour and attention ; and in ness-shire, in the neighbourhood of Fort July 1790, the navigation was opened from George. sea to sea. The whole length of the CAMPLE,arivulet,tributarytotheNith, canal is 55 miles, beginning at Carron- in the county of Dumfries. mouth, and ending at Dalmure burn foot, CAMPSIE, a parish and village in the on the Clyde, 6 miles below Glasgow, ris- county of Stirling, 8 miles in length, and ing and falling 160- feet, by means of 39 7 in breadth. It consists of 2 ridges of locks. In its course it passes over rocks, hill, with a considerable valley running E. precipices and quick-sands. In some places it W. between them ; the S. ridge being a passes through a deep moss ; in others it continuation of the braes of Kilpatrick, on is banked 20 feet high. It crosses many the N. being known by the name of Camp- rivulets, as well as 2 consfilerable rivers, sie Fells. The surface of the valley is un- the Kelvine and Luggie, over which are even, except on the banks of the Kelvin and large aqueduct bridges: that over the for- Glazert. The road from Kippen to Glas- mer is 420 feet long and 6^high. To sup- gow, and from Glasgow to Edinburgh, pass ply the canal with water, there is one reser- through the parish. The village of Camp- voir of 50 acres, 22 feet deep, and another sie consists of an old and new town ; the of 70 acres, 24 feet deep. Vessels of 19 latter of which is increasing rapidly, since feet beam, drawing 8 feet of water, and the printfields and other manufactures not exceeding 73 feet in keel, can navigate have been introduced. Population 3618. it with great ease. Track boats with goods CAMPSIE FELLS, or HILLS, runs in a and passengers go regularly thrice a day bold ridge along the whole of the valley of between Glasgow and the No. 16. Campsie. The face of the hills is broken CANAL, (EDINBURGH AND GLAS- with crags and glens. On the summit and GOW UNION.) This canal is now o- back part is a deep moor ground, inter- pened, and is intended to complete the in- spersed with moss. The hills have the ap- land communication between the two ci- pearance of volcanic origneous origin. In ties from which it derives its name, and to many places rude basaltic pillars are to be afford to the Scottish metropolis an abun- seen, particularly on the road which slopes dant and cheap supply of coals from the down the hill above the village of Campsie. extensive collieries of Stirlingshire. The The highest ridge is 1500 feet. project of a canal for these purposes, was CANAL (FORTH and CLYDE), a navi- first brought forward in the year 1789; but gable canal, which connects the eastern all the lines then surveyed were so encum- and western seas by the rivers Forth and bered with locks, that it was for the time Clyde. Scotland is almost divided into two abandoned. In 1 797, Mr John Rennie, ci- parts by these two rivers ; the Forth falling vil engineer, surveyed the country, and into the eastern sea below Leith, and the pointed out a practicable linefrom Brunts- Clyde falling into the Atlantic Ocean be- field Links to , near Glasgow, on low Greenock. This circumstance early one level. Considerable interest was ex- suggested the idea of forming a communi- cited by this at various times ; but the ex- cation across the kingdom, by dividing the pense of so extensive a work, and the doubt- narrow neck of land between these rivers, ful policy of carrying it the whole way to and thereby saving the long and dangerous Glasgow, in place of the Forth and Clyde navigation round the Land's End, or the Canal, close to which it was proposed to more dangerous passage of the Pentland run for 7 miles, added to the much insidi- Frith. So early as the reign of Charles II. ous opposition, effectually lulled it for near- this idea was indulged, and afterwards re- ly 20 years. In 1815, Mr , vived at different times, but met with many civil engineer, was employed by a commit- obstructions. At last, however, it received tee of gentlemen to resurvey the country, the sanction of Parliament ; L. 150,000 with a view to ascertain the practicability was subscribed for as the estimated ex- of making a level canal from Edinburgh to pense ; and in 1768 the ground was broken, join the Forth and Clyde navigation near under the direction of Mr Smeaton. In to Falkirk, and on the level of lock No. 16, 1775 it was rendered navigable as far as of that navigation. After much pains this Stockingfield, the point from which the proved to be lower than the country ad- side branch to Glasgow goes off. The ca- mitted of; but Mr. Baird found the desired -

CAN I CAN

line of levels about 110 feet above the level ment for carrying it~into execution, and of Lock 16. The committee of subscribers several additional sums have since been approved of that line as the best ; and hav- given. The is 20 feet ing published the engineer's report on the deep, 50 wide at the bottom, and 110 wide subject, a subscription was opened, and the at top, calculated (o navigate frigates of 32 iv hole sum of L. 240,000 was rapidly sub- guns. Thelocksare 170 feet long, and 40 scribed. In 1815, the necessarybill was in- broad. troduced in parliament ; but which, from CANAL (ARDROSSAN), this Canal, arevivalofthe former interested opposition, which is intended to open a communica- was thrown out on the second reading by a tion between Glasgow and Ardrossan in majority, A subscription was afterwards Ayrshire, is finished from Glasgow to opened for executing the other line survey- Johnston, a distance of 12 miles. It is ed by Mr Kennie ; and after a year had 4 1-2 feet deep, and 30 wide at the sur- elapsed, during which a fourth of the esti- face. mate had not been subscribed, a compro- CANISBY, the most northern parish in mise was effected between the parties, and . It is situated in the county Mr. Baird's line was again broughtforvard, of Caithness, and is somewhat of a triangu- and the funds were speedily re-subscribed. lar figure, each ofthe sides being nearly S Every means were again used by those miles in length. Thesurface is rather level who thought their interests likely to be in- than hilly. The E. coast is exceedingly jured, in order to defeat the measure ; but bold and rocky; Dungisbay-head, the N. after a contest in London, seldom equalled E. promontory of the district, presenting in the case of a private bill, the utility of one continued precipice to the sea. West the measure became so apparent, that from Dungisbay-head the coast become» the bill passed the second reading in the level, having fields of the most fertile soil House of Commons, on the 12th May, 1S17, and luxuriant verdure approaching to the by a majority of 139 to 63, and finally very beach. The , in the passed the House of Lords on the l'Jth of Pentland Frith, belongs to this parish. June following. The principal seats in this parish are Fres- The line runs from the Lothian road at wick, Barrogil Castle, and Brabster Castle. Edinburgh, by the villages of , John o' Groat's house, so often visited bv Ratho, Broxburn, and Winchburgh, and travellers, is situated about a mile and half passes close to Linlithgow and Falkirk, from Dungisbay-head. Population 1,936. through one of the richest coal fields in CANNA, one of the 4 islands ofthe He- Scotland, andjoins the Forth and Clyde Ca- brides which form the parish of Small Isles, nal at Lock 16, by a descent of 9 locks. The and is annexed to the county of Argyle. Jt length is about 29 miles. There is a lies about 4 miles in length, and 1 in breadth. stupendous and elegantiron aqueduct erect- On the S. E. side of Canna lies Sand Island, ed at Slateford. A number of passage and separated by a channel, which is dry at low luggage boats are daily plying ; and a con- water. Between this island and Canna lies siderable profit is derived from the coal the harbour of that name. A great many trade which is carried on by means of this basaltic pillars are to be seen in Canna; canal to a great extent. and one of its hills is remarkable for its ef- CANAL (ABERDEEN and INVERA- fects on the mariner's compass. Popula RY), extends along the side of the Don tion 300. IS 1-4 miles. It is 32 feet wide, 3 feet 9 CANNICH, a stream in Inverness-shire, inches deep; it has 17 locks, 5 aqueduct which, united with other streams near Erk- bridges, 56 accommodation bridges, and 20 less castle, forms the river Beauty. culverts for conveying streams under the CANNOR (LOCH), a small lake in Aber- canal. deenshire, in the parish of Glenmuick, a- CANAL (CR1NAN), a navigable canal, bout 3 miles in circumference, and contain- connecting Loch Crinan, a small arm of ing several small islands ; on the largest of the sea, on the W. coast of Argyleshire, which, about an acre in extent, there for- with Loch Gilp, an arm of . merly stood a small fortress, built, and oc- It is 6 miles in length, and 9 feet in depth. casionally occupied as a hunting-seat, by CANAL (CALEDONIAN). This canal Malcolm Canmore, Is now completed, intended to join that CANOBY, a parish in Dumfries-shire, 9 chain of lakes which stretch across the miles in length, and 6 in breadth. The country Inverness to William. central part is intersected by from Fort the Esk ; and jL.20,000]w as originally granted by govern Ihe great road from Edinburgh to London passes in the same direction. Besides the beautifully ornamented with plantations Esk, the parish is watered by the Liddel, Population 271. which divides it from England, and the CARDEN, a hill in the county of Peebles, Tarras, remarkable for its romantic scenery. about 1,400 feet above the level ofthe A Roman camp and military road are dis- Tweed. stinctly to be traced ; and the ruins of a pri- CARDROSS,a parish in the county of ory are still visible, about half a mile from Dunbarton, about 7 miles in length, and the church. Population 2,904. from 3 to 4 in breadth. It is washed on CANONMILLS, a village near Edin- the eastern border by the Leven, and on burgh, on the water of Leith, where there the S. by the Clyde. On the shore, the soil are extensive flour mills, and a distillery. is gravelly, and the lands adjacent to the CANONGATE, a suburb of Edinburgh, Leven are ofthe nature of carse. It pro- occupying the eastern district of that city, duces a great deal of natural wood, besides and comprehending the chapel and Holy- plantations. The printrields of Dalquhurn rood-house, and the adjacent parks. It is and Cordale, in this parish, are the most a burgh of barony, under the superiority of extensive in Scotland. The village of Ren-

Edinburgh, and is governed by a baron- town is rapidly increasing ; and another vil- bailie, and two resident bailies, appointed lage has lately been built on the estate of by the town-council of that city. While Graham of Garthmore. This parish con- Edinburgh was the seat of royalty, the Can- tains a village of the same name, 3 miles ongate was the place of residence of most and a half VV. from Dunbarton. In the old of the noble families who attended the mansion-house of Dalquhurn, near the vil- court; and there are several old houses which lage of Rentown, was born DrT&bias Smol-

retain the names of the noble owners ; but let. Adjacent to the place of his nativity, it is now chiefly inhabited by trades people, MrSmollet of BonhiIl,his cousin, has erect- and those of the lower order. ed a lofty column to his memory. Popula- CANSEA, a small fishing village, on the tion 2859. Moray Frith, in the parish of Dairny. CARGILL, a parish in the county of CAOLISPORT (LOCH), an arm of the Perth, in the valley of Strathmore, about sea on the W. coast of Knapdale. 6 miles in length, and from 4 to 5 in breadth. CAPELAW, one of the Pentland hills, e- The surface is finely diversified with wood levated 1550 feet. and water, and variegated by gentle as- CAPUT H, a parish in Perthshire called cents and declivities. Near the W. end of | Stormont. It comprehends part of the vale the parish, the Tay forms what is called of Strathmore, nearly 13 miles in length, the Linn of Campsey, by falling over a rug- varying in breadthfrom 1 to 6. The Tay, ged basaltic dike, which crosses the river the Isla, and Lunnan water this parish. atthis place. The Isla runs into the Tay The last of these in its course forms a suc- about a mile above the village of Cargill. cession of small lakes, and at last falls into Near the confluence of the Tay and Isla are the Isla. There are 5 or 6 small villages discovered distinct traces of a Roman en-

in the parish, in one of which a stamp-of- campment ; and on a romantic rock, which fice is established, where there are usually rises perpendicularly over the Linn of Camp- stamped 100,000 yards of linen. There are sey, are the ruins of an ancient religious also several Druidical circles and cairns. house. Stobhall, a seat of the family of Population 2,333. Perth, is an old fabric, fancifully situated CARA, a small island of Argyleshire. on a narrow peninsula, on the banks ofthe It lies 3 1-2 miles W. from the peninsula of Tay. There are 3 villages in this district. Kintyre, and about 2 miles S. from the Is- Population 1521.

land of Glgha, to which it is attached. 1 1 is CARITY, a small river, which takes its about a mile in length, and half a mile in rise in the parish of Lintrathen, county of breadth. The shore is high and rocky, ex- Angus, and, after a course of 5 miles, falls cept at the N. E. end, where there is a land- into Southesk. ing-place. CARLETON HILL, situated in the pa- CARALDSTON, or CARESTON, a rish of Colmonell, in Ayrshire, 1554 feet in small parish in the county ofAngus, extend- height. ing about 3 miles in length, and 1 in CARLIN SKERRY, an insulated rock breadth. The surface is beautiful, and in Orkney, about 2 and a half miles S. of the soil is fertile and well cultivated. The Pomona island, well known to seamen by banks of the rivers Southesk and Norm are the name ofthe " Barrel of Butter." CAR

CARLINWARK, a village in the stew- . Roman armour and antiquities. Popula- artrv of Kirkcudbright. See Castle Doug- I tion 070. las." CAR?.! YLEFIELD, a village in the pa- CARLINWARK (LOCH) a lake in the rish of Old Monkland, in the county of La- parish of Kelton, in the stewartry of Kirk- nark. It is washed by the Clyde, and has cudbright, along the W. side of which runs a fine exposure to the S. the military road. It formerly covered 116 , a parish in the county of acres of land, but has been drained, so that Forfar, extending about 4 miles in length, only 80 acres are now underwater. It has and about 3 in breadth. It is a hilly tract been a great source ofimjrrovement in the of country; but the hills are in general ca- neighbourhood, containing an inexhausti- pable of cultivation. It possesses inexhaus-

blefund of shell marl ; it also abounds with tible quarries of grey slate and pavement pike, perch, and eel. stone, which have been wrought for centu-' CARLUKE, a parish and village in the ries. The small river Elliot, which takes county of Lanark. The parish is about 7 its rise in Dilty moss, runs through the miles in length, from the Clyde to its boun- whole length of the parish. Population in dary on the E., and fully 4 1-2 miles in 1S01, S92. breadth. In the parish of Carluke, apples CARNBEE, a parish in the county of and pears are produced in more abundance Fife. It is nearly cf a square form, exten- than perhaps any other district in Scotland. ding 4 miles each way. A ridge of hills The orchards extend in length 5 miles, and runs E. and W. through the middle of the are supposed to comprehend nearly SO a- parish; one of which, Kellie Law, is eleva- cres. Coal, freestone, ironstone, and lime, ted to the height of 810 feet above the le- are every where abundant.—The TIL- vel of the sea. The southern part of the LAGE of Carluke is about 5 miles from parish is a rich and fertile soil, but towards Lanark, on the road leading to Glasgow. the N. it is more adapted for pasture. The It is a pretty large village, increasing rapid- castle of Kellie, the seat of the Earl of Kel- ly in size and population. Mauldsie, the lie, is fitted up in a most elegant manner. elegant seat of the Earl of Hyndford, is si- Sir Robert Anstruther of Balcaskie, also tuated near the village. The Roman road, possesses a fine seat. Population 1098. called Watling's street, passes through the CARNIBURGH, (Greater and Lesser,) village of Bradwood, which is situated in two of the Trieshnish isles, lying W. of the the N. W. corner of the parish. Popula- island of Mull,

tion 3121. i CARNOCK, a parish and village in the CAP-MICHAEL, a parish in the county western extremity cf the county of Fife, is of Lanark, on the banks of the Clyde, about nearly a square of 3 miles. The surface is

5 miles in length, and from 5 to 4 in level towards the E. ; but has a gentle de- breadth. The surface is diversified with clivity towards the S. The rivulets of

several hills of considerable height, cover- ' Carnock and Pitdennies have their banks for the most part covered with ed with short heath. The ; extensive plantations. It

soil towards the Clyde is gravelly; but in I possesses 5 excellent coal mines, with a-

the higher parts is a wet clay. The Earl of i bundance of ironstone and freestone.—The

Hyndford, the chief proprietor, has inclos- I TILLAGE of Carnock is pleasantly situat- ed and planted a great part of the parish. ed on the banks of the rivulet of Carnock. I It has coal and limestone of excellent qua- It contains nearly 200 inhabitants. There j lity. Population 952. is another village m the parish called Cair- CARMUNNOCK, a parish in Lanark- neyhill, which lies along the road from shire. It extends about 4 miles in length, Dunfermline to . Population 884.

and 3 in breadth. Of 2500 acres which it CA R N WAT H , an ext ensiveparish in the contains, 1000 are laid out in pasturage, county of Lanark, forming nearly a regu- the rest is generally inclosed. The great- lar oblong square, 12 miles long, and 8

er part is elevated, and commands a most broad. Its soil is various ; the hollows or

extensive prospect. The runs meadows on the Clyde have a deep clay ; on

along its western boundary ; and the great the Medwins the soil is sandy; there is a road from Glasgow to England, by Muir- very considerable extent of moorland. kirk and Dumfries, passes through the eas- Two Merchants of the name of Wilson have tern part of it. In the estate of Castlemiik lately erected an extensive iron foundery, are the remains of a military road, near and have built a village, called Wilson- which have been found various pieces of town, for the accommodation of the work. CAR 46 CAR

men and their families. The Clyde, Med- it for several miles. The Canon, after it wins, and Dippool, are the principal rivers leaves its source, waters the Carron bog in in the parish. There is likewise a small its progress; leaving which it forms a cata- lake, about a quarter of a mile from the ract called the Auchinlilly linn spout. village of Camwath. In this parish are the From this it continues its course eastward,

ruins of r"he ancient castle of Couthally, a winding through the carse of Falkirk ; pas- seat of the noble family of Somerville. The ses near the hills of Dunipace, and the site VILLAGE of Carnwath lies 25 miles S. W. of the ancient Roman structure called Ar-

from Edinburgh, and the high road from thur's Oven ; and falls into the Frith of that city to Lanark passes through it. Po- Forth a few miles below Falkirk. About pulation 3789. half a mile from it lies the field where a CARRICK, the southern district of Ayr- battle was fought by the English and the shire. It is bounded on the N. by Kyle, or Scots under Sir William Wallace, in the

Ayr proper ; on the E. by Dumfries-shire, beginning of the 14th century.— The great and the stewartry of Kirkcudbright; on the canal enters from the Forth at this river,

S. by Wigton ; and on the W. by the Atlan- which is navigable for several miles near tic Ocean. Its surface is hilly; and the its mouth. mountains, particularly on the N. W. are CARRON, a village in Stirlingshire, on merely a continuation of that great ridge, the banks of the river Carron, about 3 miles which extends from the confines of Eng- from its entry into the Forth, and 2 miles land, through the shires of Selkirk, Pee- N. of the town of Falkirk, celebrated for bles, Lanark, and Dumfries, and meets the the most extensive iron foundery in Europe. Western Ocean between the districts of These works employ about 1GU0 workmen, Carrick and Kyle. The chief rivers in Car- and, on an average, the furnaces consume rick are the Girvan and Stinchar, at the weekly 800 tons of coals, 400 tons of iron- mouths of which are situated the villages stone and ore, and 100 tons of limestone. of Stinchar and Ballantrae. There are se- It has 5 smelting furnaces, 3 cupolas, 15

veral lakes ; and a great part of the coun- air furnaces, with a of a 90 try is still covered with natural wood. Its horsepower, besides other machinery dri- extent in length is about 32 miles, and its ven by water. All kinds of cast-iron goods

breadth about 20. Carrick fell into the are manufactured here ; and in time of hands of King Robert Bruce, by marraige peace great quantities of cannon are ex- •with the heiress of Duncan, the last of the ported to the different European states. ancient Earls of Carrick; and the title is These extensive works are carried on by still retained by the royal family, the Prince a chartered ftimpany with a capital of of Wales, as , being born L.150,000, divided into shares. . CARRONSHORE, a village lying partly CARRIDEN, or CARRIN, a parish in in the parish of Larbart, and partly in the the county of Linlithgow, on the S. side of parish of Bothkennar, 2 miles below Car- the Frith of Forth, extending about 2 miles ron-works. Here the Carron company have in length, and 1 in breadth. There are 4 wharfs, and a dry dock for repairing their villages in the parish, Grangepans, Cam- vessels : it is properly the company's port. den, Brignies, and Blackness, the last of CARRON, a rivulet in Dumfries-shire. which have tolerable harbours. The soil It rises at the foot of the , and is light, early, and very productive, and the falls into the Nith at Carron foot. whole parish is arable and inclosed. The CARRON, a small river in Ross-shire, Roman wall called Graham's dyke termi- which falls into an arm of the sea called nates in this parish. be- Loch Carron. ing generally understood to be its extreme CARRON, a small rivulet in Kincardine- point. Population 1493. shire, which falls into the sea at the town CARRINGTON or PRIMROSE. Vide of Stonehaven. PRIMROSE. CARSE of FALKIRK. That tract of Firth of Forth, CAR RON , a small but remarkable river low land, lying along the in Stirlingshire. It rises in the parish of from Bo-ness westward as far as Airth. It Fintry, nearly in the centre of the isthmus comprehends a great part of the parishes betwe.-n the Forthand Clyde. The stream of Polmont, Falkirk, and Bothkennar, be- rich clay soil, producing is not large, and the length of its course ing mostly a fine not above 14 miles. It formed the boun- the most abundant crops. dary of the Roman conquests in Britain; CARSE of GOWRIE, a district of Perth- in length, and for the wall of Antoninus runs parallel to shire, extending 15 miles CAR J CAS from 2 to 4 in breadth. It is situated be- CASSLY, a small river which issues froni tween the N. bank ofthe river Tay, and the the hills in the N. W. extremity of Criech, footof the Sidlaw hills. Thistractof land, in the county of Sutherland. It takes a

which is a rich plain, seems to have been course nearly S. and falls into the Frith or

at one period covered with water. Some Kyle of Tain , about 12 miles from its elevated spots in the carse are named In- source. ches, equivalent to islands; and of these CASTLE-DOUGLAS, or CARLIN- the soil is totally different from the lower WARK, a village in the stewartry of Kirk- grounds. The parish of St. Madois too, cudbright, at the N. corner of Carlinwark which is now in the Carsc of Gowrie, is Loch. It was lately erected into a free said to have been, in some ancient records, and independent burgh of barony under on the southern side of the river. The Tay the superiority of William Douglas, Esq. of has been supposed to have formed a cir- Castle-Douglas. It contains about 750 in- cuit round the carse, washing the foot of habitants, and carries on a considerable the Sidlaw hills, and entering its present manufacture of cotton. The road from E- channel at . The Carse of dinburgh to Kirkcudbright passes through, Gowrie possesses several good harbours, the it. chief of which is at Errol, nearly in the cen- , a beautiful tre of the district. piece of water in the parish of Lochwin- CARSE of STIRLING, that tract of low noch, Renfrewshire. It covers about 401) ground, extending from the moss of Kin- acres, and contains plenty of pike and cardine to the mouth of the Devon, on both perch. It abounds also with swans, geese, sides of the Forth. and other aquatic fowls. The beauty is C ARSE-FERN, a parish in the stewart- much increased by the fine plantations ry of Kirkcudbright. The surface is all hil- which surround it, and by a small island, ly, except a small plain on which the on which is an old castle called the Peel, church is situated, and a few spots on the which appears to have been a place of con- sides of the rivulets. Population 459. siderable strength. The river Calderflows

CARSTAIRS , a parish and village in the into this lake, and the Black Cart is the county of Lanark. The length of the pa- outlet from it. rish is G miles, and its breadth 3. It is di- CASTLETOWN, an extensive parish in vided into two districts,by a ridge of ground the county of Roxburgh, being upwards of so uniform, that it appears as if it were ar- IS miles in length, and 12 in breadth. It tificially formed. The soil is in general occupies that direction which was ancient- good, but agriculture here is not prosecut- ly called Liddisdale, from the river Liddel, ed as it ought to be.—The VILLAGE of which runs through it, and contains 52,160 Carstairs lies nearly equidistant from Edin- acres. The generalappearance of the coun- burgh and Glasgow, being 27 miles W. of try is mountainous and bleak, except on

| the former, and 26 E. of the latter. Near the banks of the rivers, which are covered

the village is the house of Carstairs. On a ! with natural wood, and extensive planta-

rising ground near the Clyde are the re- I tions, which have a fine appearance. Some mains of a Roman camp. Population 875. of the hills are elevated 2000 feet above the

CART, a small river in Renfrewshire, ! level of the sea. In the midst of these hills which takes its rise in Castle Semple loch, is an extensive morass, from which the ri- j

and, after a circuitous course of about 14 I vers Tyne and Liddel take their rise. Be- miles, falls into the Clyde near Renfrew, sides these, this parish is watered by the

j It is joined by the Gryfe at Walkinshaw, I Hermitage, Tweeden, Kershope, the Tin-

' and by the White Cart at Inchinan bridge. nis, and Blackburn. There are many ruins The White Cart rises in the parish of Ea- of castles and fortified places in this dis- ] glesham, and takes a course of 20 miles be- trict particular, circular of \ ; in a camp, 100 fore its junction with this river, which is yards diameter, on the top of Carby hill. j distinguished by the name of Black Cart. Dr. Armstrong, the author of the elegant CARTSDIKE.orCRAWFURDSDYKE, classic poem on " Health," was a native of a village in Renfrewshire, adjoining to the thisparish. -The VILLAGE ofCastletown,

town of Greenock ; from which, however, built since 1793, according to a regular civil it has a distinct magistracy and go- plan , already contains 900 inhabitants. It vernment, having been erected into a free lies 20 miles S. from Hawick. Population burgh of barony in 1033, by a charter from 1887. King Charles II. It has a good harbour CASTLETOWN of , a small and bay. village in Aberdeenshire. It lies on the- CAT C H A

banks of the river Dee, on the great road to CATLAW, one of the Grampian moun- Fort George, by the , tains, situated in the county of Angus, from which last place it is 15 miles distant. 2,263 feet above the level of the sea.

CATERTHUN, a hill in the parish of CATRINE, a village in Ayrshire. It is Menmuir, Angus-shire, about 5 or 4 miles beautifully situated on the N. side of the N. of Brechin. It is remarkable for a for- river Ayr, in the western extremity of the tification on its summit, consisting of an parish of Sorn. It is of a regular oblong immense quantity of loose stones, ranged form, iii the middle of which is a square of around the summit in an oval or elliptic 500 feet, with streets, leadingfrom it to the form. Within the area is a fine spring of E. S. and W. and these are intersected with water; and near the E. side are the remains other cross streets at right angles. This ofa rectangular building, of which the dike village is newly erected, and owes its e- and ditch are easily to be traced. stablishment to the flourishing state of the , a parish situated about 2 cotton manufacture in this county. From miles S. W. from Glasgow, partly in the the time of its erection in 17S7 it has in- county of Lanark, and partly in that of creased considerably, and now contains Renfrew. It extends in length, about 6 nearly 1500 inhabitants. Catrineis distant miles, and in breadth about 2 and a half. 14 miles from Ayr. The surface is agreeably diversified -with CAVA, a small island of Orkney, 2 miles hill and dale, presenting to the eye those S. of Pomona, and belonging to the parish alternate risings and falls which are sup- ofOrphir. It is about a mile long and a posed to constitute picturesque beauty. quarter of a mile broad. Through these hills the river Cart winds in CAVEKS, aparish in the county of Rox- an irregular and romantic course. The burgh, upwards of 20 miles long from £. to field of , remarkable for being the W. and from 7 to 2 broad. The rivers Rule scene of the last effort of the unfortunate and Tcviot are the boundaries on the N. E. Mary to regain her crown and authority, and S. E. joining their streams at the ex- is in this parish. There are also the re- tremity of the parish. There is a small vil- mains of a Roman military station, and the lage called , on the estate of the ruins of the castle of Cathcart. Popula- Duke ofEuccleugh. Cavers the seat of lation 1501. George Douglas, Esq. is an elegant mansion. CATHEL (LOCH), a small lake in the Population 1,582. parish of Halkirk, in the county of Caith- CAVERTOWN, a small village in Te- ness, 3 miles long, and upwards of 2 in •viotdale, about 6 miles from Kelso. breadth. It empties itself by a small CEL1ARDYKES, a village in Fifeshire, stream into the river of , which falls on the coast of the Frith of Forth, between into the Pentland Frith, at the town of the the burghs of Xilrenny and Crail. same name. CERES, a parish and village in Fifeshire. CATHERINE, or KETTERIN (LOCH), -—The PARISH is in length about S miles a beautiful lake in the parish of Monteith, and in breadth from 1 to 4 miles. The sur- Perthshire, about 10 miles in length, and face is hilly, and all thehillsare in general 1 and a half in breadth, exhibiting the most cultivated. The Eden and Ceres, with 2 romantic scenery that imagination can sup- or 3 small rivulets, water the parish. Po- pose. It is formed by the river Teath, in pulation 2,407. The VILLAGE of Ceres its passage among those rugged masses is situated 2 1-2 miles from Cupar. •which are called the Trossachs, some of CESSFORD, a small villagein Teviot- which appear on its level surface in the form dale. Near it is the ancient castle of Cess- of bold and rugged islands and promonto- ford, which gives the title of Baron to the ries. Towards the Trossachs the view is ve- Duke of Roxburgh. in Berwick- ry grand ; the rocky islands are seen rising , aparish having boldly from the smooth expanse ; and, at a shire, nearly ofa circular form, a di- short distance, the mountains of Benvenu ameter of 5 1-2 miles. It is situated among and Benledi are seen rearing their lofty the Lammermuir hills, where they border summits far above the surrounding hills. with the counties of East and Mid-Lothian. rivulets which, united, At the end of l his lake, and at proper dis- On the banks of the tances on its banks, Mrs. Drummond of form the river Lauder, or Leader, are about Perth has erected some huts ofwicker-work, 2,000 acres in tillage. Thehillsare most- for the convenience of strangers who visit ly bleak, and covered with heath. Popu- this rude and picturesque scene. See Tro- lation 707. sachs and Callender. C HANONRY, a small town in the coun- -

CHI 49 C L A

ty of Ross, situated about a mile from the I wilh the exception of'Chiroside hill; and it uni- soil is abundantly fertile; burgh of R osemarkie, to which was | the a loam, Po-

ted by a charter granted by King James II. I pulation 1,239. anno 1,444, under the name of Fort-ross. CIMBRAES. Vide CAMERAY. Vide . It was called Chanonry CLACKMANNANSHIRE, a small coun- from being the canonry of Ross, and the re- *?, bounded on the W. N; and E. by Perth- sidence ofthe bishop. It is now a presby- shire, and on the S. and S. E. by the Frith tery seat. Chanonry contains about 450 of Forth and Stirlingshire. Its greatest ex- inhabitants. tent is about 9 miles, and its breadth does CHAPEL of GARIOCH, a parish and not exceed 8. It is a plain and fertile presbytery seat, in the district of Garioch, country towards the Forth, producing abun- in Aberdeenshire, in length about 8 miles, dance of corn, as well as pasture; and the and 7 in breadth. The appearance is hilly, coast possesses many valuable and safe har- and the soil various, but in general capa- bours for ships, and creeks forlhe reception ble of cultivation. The river Don, which of boats employed in the fisheries. From forms the southern boundary, and the Urie, the shore the surface rises into the Ochil abound w ith trout. Near the old castle of hills, the highest of which, Bencleuch, lies Balquhain, is adruidical temple, and one in the parish of . Clackman- ofthe finest echoesin Scotland. Beside the nanshire has 2 considerable villages, Alloa, church is a large upright stone, called the and Clackmannan the county town, and 2 , 10 feet high, 4 broad and 1 parishes. This county joins with that of thick. Near this village the battle of Har- Kinross, in sending a member to Parlia- law was fought, in 1,411. Population ment. The valued rent is about L.26,482 1207. Scots, and the real land rent is about CHARLESTOWN, a village in the pa- L.14,200 Sterling. Population 12,100. rish of Dunfermline, in the county of Fife, CLACKMANNAN, the county town is pleasantly situated on the N. coast of the beautifully situated on an eminence, gently Frith of Forth, built by the , rising out of a plain, from E. to W. to the for the accommodation ofthe workmen at height of 190 feet above the level of the the extensive lime-works on his estate. It Forth. On each side of the town the groun d has a tolerable harbour, where, during the has a gradual descent, but towards the summer, from 40 to 50 vessels are usually W. itisboldandrocky, where the old tower

loading lime shells. It contains nearly of Clackmannanis placed ; said to have been £00 inhabitants. built by Robert Bruce. In it is preserved CHARLESTOWN of ABOYNE,.a plea- his great sword and casque, also a large two sant little town in the parish of Aboyne, handed sword, said to have belonged to Sir 50 miles W. from Aberdeen. It is a burgh John de Graham, one ofthe faithful cham- of barony, of which the Earl of Aboyne is pions of the great Wallace. The scenery superior. beheldfrom this tower is uncommonly beau CHARLOTTE (FORT), a small fortifi- tiful, and is viewed with delight by every cation near the town of , in Shet- traveller. The town of Clackmannan it- land, said to have been built in the time of self, however, by no means corresponds with Oliver Cromwell. It was repaired in 1781, the beauty of its situation. The sheriff under the direction of Captain Frazer, chief sometimes holds his court in this town ; and engineer for Scotland. It is now garrison- here the election of a member of Parlia- ed by a company of soldiers, and commands ment takes place. Clackmannan contains the entrance to Bressay Sound. about 640 inhabitants. —The PARISH of , a parish and village, situa- Clackmannan is of an irregular figure, ex- ted in that division of Berwickshire, called tending about G miles in length, and nearly Merse or March.—The VILLAGE lies 9 5 in breadth. The whole is arable, none of miles N. W. from Berwick, consisting of two the eminences being so steep as to prevent streets, running over the summit of Chim- the culture of the land. It is watered by sidehill, nearly in half a mile length ; but the rivers Forth and Devon, the last of the houses are generally mean. As a burgh which is noted for its falls and cascades. of barony ithas the privilege of holding an There are in this parish two extensive dis- annual fair. It is of tilleries, the seat a presbytery, at Kilbagie and Kennetpans ; at and contains upwards of 500 inhabitants.-- trie last of which is a tolerable harbour. In The PARISH of Chiniside is of an oblong this parish the Devon iron company have e- figure, the length of which is about 4, and rected extensive furnaces and machinery; the breadth 3 miles. The surface is flat, near which the thrivirg village of New. G CLU 5 C L Y

lonshaw was lately built. Population shire, which runs into the Dee, in the pa- 3G05. rish of Crathy. CLATT, a village and parish in the dis- , a parish in Perthshire, 9 mile9 trict of Garioch, Aberdeenshire. It is situa- in length, from the top of the lower tier of ted very high, and is surrounded with lofty the Grampians towards the valley of Strath, hills. A small rivulet, Gadie, takes its rise more, and 4 miles in breadth. Thesurface here, and afterwards becomes a branch of is mountainous, the lower parts being a- the Urie—The VILLAGE ofClattis erect- boutlSO, while the highest are not less ed into a burgh of barony, with power to than 1800 feet above the level of the sea. hold a weekly and annual market. The About l-4th part is arable; the rest being superiority belongs to the family of Gordon mountain, moor, and moss. Benachally is

of Knockespock.—Population 494, the highest mountain ; at thefoot of which, CLAYHOLE, a village in Wigtonshire, on the N. side, is a lake of the same name, in the parish of Leswait, but lying so near about a mile long, and half a mile broad, the town of Stranraer as to be considered as abounding with trout and pike. About 4 a part of that town. It contains about 500 miles S. and 700 feet lower than this lake, inhabitants. is the Loch of Clunie, about 2 1-2 miles in CLEISH, a parish of Kinross-shire, situa- circumference, having a beautiful little is- ted along the N. side of these lulls which land, on which is an old castle, the occa- bound that county on the S. extending in sional residence of the Earl of Airly. For- length about 6 miles, and in breadth more neth, and Gourdie, are in this parish. In than 1. There are several fine lakes a- the castle of Clunie, in the island above mongst the hills, which abound with pike, mentioned, is said to have been born the perch, eels, and a few trout; the rivulets Admirable Crichton. Population 10G0. which proceed from them have numerous CLUNY,a parish in Aberdeenshire, situ- small cascades. It abounds in excellent ated between the rivers Dee and Don. Its

freestone ; coal is also found here. Popu- length is 10 miles, and its breadth 2. It lation 004. lies very low, and is intersected by many CLEMENT'S WELLS, a village in Had- rivulets, which descend from the neigh- dingtonshire, in the parish of Tranent, 2 bouring hills. Agriculture is muchattend- miles S. from Musselburgh, where there is ed to, and the crops are productive. The

- an extensive distillery. only fuel is peat and turf, which is now CLIFTON, a village in Breadalbane, near nearly exhausted. Knitting of Stockings, Tyndrum, where isa lead mine. in which all the women, old men, and boys CLOSEBU RN, a parish in the district of are employed, is the only branch of manu- Nithsdale, county of Dumfries, between 9 facture. There are in this parish 3 d-ruidi- and 10 miles in length, and the same in cal temples, and several cairns of great size. breadth. The river Nith forms the W. Population 825. boundary. The principal hills are Queens- CLYDE, a large river in Lanarkshire. berry, Carrick, and Auchinleck. Besides It takes its rise from Clydeslaw, in the pa- the Nith, the small rivulet Crichup, noted rish of Crawford, one of those hills which

for the romantic fall r called Crichup Linn, separate Lanarkshire from the district of runs through the parish. The castle of Annandale, near to the sources of the An- Closeburn is a ancient building, surround- nan and the Tweed; and, dividing the ed by a fosse, which communicated with a county of Lanark through its whole length, lake a quarter of a mile in length. Near nearly 55 miles, falls into the Frith of this castle is a mineral well, strongly im- Clyde, opposite to the district of Argyle- pregnated with sulphur. Coal is not to be shire called Carval, and the island of Bute.

had nearer than 14 miles ; but the exten- Next to the Tay, it is the largest river in sive lime-works of Closeburn have proved Scotland, and is navigablefor vessels draw- most beneficial to the country. Popula- ing 8 feet water, as far as Glasgow. At tion 17C2. Dunmure burnfoot, G miles below the city, j CLOVA. Vide COBTACHY. it is joined by the great canal from the CLUDEN, a river in Dumfries-shire, Forth. The romantic falls of the Clyde, which takes its rise near the base of the principally interest the stranger. The up- Criffel mountains, and after a course of a- permost one is somewhat above 21-2 miles bout 14 miles, falls into the river Nith, from Lanark, and, from the estate on which nearly opposite to the college of Lincluden. it is situated, is called the Bonniton fall or It abounds with excellent trout. linn. From Bonniton House, a very neat CLUNAIDH, a small river in Aberdeen and elegant modem house, you arrive at C L Y 4 C Q_C

the linn by a most romantic walk along the neighbouring estate of Stonebyres. This Clyde, leaving Corra linn on your right cataract, which is about SO feet in height, hand. At some little distance from the is the limit of the salmon fishing, as none

fall, the walk, leading to a rock that jets can possibly get above it, although t heir en - out and overhangs the river, brings you all deavours, in the spawning season, are in- at once within sight of this beautiful sheet cessant and amusing. It is equally roman-

of water. But no stranger rests satisfied tic with the others ; and, like the Corra

with this view ; he still presses onward a- linn, has three distinct, but almost im- long the walk, till, from the rock imme- perceptible falls. Wild rugged rocks are diately above the linn, he sees the whole equally visible here, and they are equally body of the river precipitate itself into the fringed with wood. The trees, however, chasm below. The rock over which it falls are by no means so tall and stately, being is upwards of 12 feet of perpendicular composed of coppice wood. Salmon, pars height, from which the Clyde makes one (samlets,) horse muscles, or the pearl oys- precipitate tumble or leap into a hollow ter, though numerous below, are never seen

den ; whence some of it again recoils in above this fall. After passing Lanark, the froth and smocking mist. Uoth sides are Clyde proceeds by Hamilton to Glasgow, environed by rocks, from whose crevices, receiving in its course many tributary choughs, daws, and other wild birds, are streams, of which the Avon, the South and incessantly springing. About half a mile North Calders, are the chief. At Glasgow below this, is Coria linn, so called from an it becomes navigable, receiving the river old castle and estate upon the opposite Leven at Dunbarton, and the Cart near bank. The old castle, with Corra House, Renfrew. Opposite New Port- Glasgow the and the rocky and woody banksof the Clyde, stream is about 2 miles broad. After pas- form of themselves a beautiful and grand sing Greenock, it falls into the arm of the prospect; but nothing can equal the striking sea to which it gives its name, opposite the and stupendous appearanceof the fall itself, island of Bute. which, when viewed from any of thedilf'er- CL YT HESDALE, or , ent seats placed here and there along the one of the 3 wards into which Lanarkshire walk, must fill every unaccustomed behol- is divided, having the running der with astonishment. The tremendous through and dividing it into 2 nearly equal

rocks around ; the old castle upon the oppo- parts. It gives the title of Marquis to the

site bank ; a corn mill on the rock below; eldest son of the Duke of Hamilton. the furious and impatient stream foaming CLY DESLAW, a high hill in the parish

over the rock ; the horrid chasm and abyss of Crawford, in Lanarkshire, from which

underneath your feet ; heightened by the the river Clyde takes its rise. hollow murmur of the water, and the CLVNE, a parish in the county of Suth- screams of wild birds, form a spectacle both erland, extending in length about 24, and tremendous and pleasing. A summer house in breadth from 4 to 8 miles. It is situat- or pavilion is" situated over a high rocky ed on the east coast, from which the shore bank that overlooks the linn, built by Sir rises gradually to the mountains. Loch James Carmichaei of Bonniton in 1708. Brora, in this district, is a beautiful piece From its uppermost room it affords a very of water, which discharges itself into the

striking prospect of the fall ; for all at once, sea by a rivulet of the same name, at the on turning your eyes towards a mirror on mouth of which is a tolerable harbour. Po- the opposite side ofthe room from the fall, pulation 1639. you see the whole tremendous cataract CLYTHENESS, a promontory of Caith- pouring as it were upon your head. The ness. Corra linn is S 4 feet in height. The river , a village in Clack- does not rush over in one uniform sheet like mannanshire, in thepansh of Tillycoultry, the Bonniton linn, but in 5 different, containing upwards of 200 inhabitants. though almost imperceptible, precipitate COALTOWNS (EAST and WEST), two leaps. A little below is ano- adjacent villages in Fifeshire, in the parish ther beautiful and romantic fall, called of Wcmyss, containing about 400 inhabi-

Dundaff linn. This fall is about 5 or 4 tants ; lie 4 miles N. E. of Kirkcaldy.

feel high ; and trouts have been observed LAW, a mountain in the to spring up and gain the top of it with parish of Dunse, Berwickshire. It rises ease. The next fall of consequence is the from a base of at least 6 miles in circum- Stonebyrcs linn, situated about 2 miles be- ference to a conical top. The elevation is low Corra linn. It is so named from the about t>00 feet. On the north side are the c o c 52 COL

ruins of a very old building, culled Woden's of Prestonpans, near the harbour of Port- or Edwin's hall. It is remarkable in this Seton, containing with that village, 430 in- structure that the stones are not cemented habitants. by any kind of mortar. They are chiefly COCKPEN, a parish in the county of E- •whinstone, and made to lock into one a- dinburgh, about 2 miles long and 1 1-2 nother with grooves and projections, exe- broad. The soil is a strong clay, which is cuted with vast labour. It is supposed to very fertile, and in general well cultivated. have been a building similar to Coles cas- Coal is to be found in every part, and has tle, and Dun Dornadilla in the county of been wrought to great advantage. The Sutherland, and afterwards used as a mili- river South Esk divides the parish. At its tary station. southern extremity its banks are bold, and , a parish on the sea covered with natural wood, and over it is coast in the county of Berwick. It consists thrown an elegant bridge. Dalhousie cas-

of two parts ; one high and mountainous, tle is a building of great antiquity, plea- the other comparatively low and even. santly situated on the banks of the river. The upper division makes part of the Lam- The grounds are well laid out and orna- mermuir hills, which approach within 3 mented. The mansion of Cockpeu, lately

miles of the shore towards the W. ; the low- purchased by the Earl of Dalhousie, is ad- er division on the sea coast is light and san- mired for its delightful situation, and the dy, interspersed with deep fields of rich romantic beauty of the surrounding scen- clay. The shore is high, presenting a set ery. Population 1681. of cliffs about 100 feet above the level of COE.or CON A, a celebrated river in Ar- the sea. Behind the cliffs the ground rises gyleshire, which runs through the vale of gently towards the hills, having many deep Glencoe.— See GLENCOE. dens or ravines, whose sides are sometimes COICH, a small river in Aberdeenshire, sLoping and covered with verdure, but the which runs into the Dee in the parish of general appearance is rocky, with overhang- Crathy. ing woods. Over one of these ravines is COILTIE, a rivulet of Inverness-shire, thrown the Peaths or Pease Bridge. This in the parish of Urquhart, which falls into bridge is 123 feet from the surface of the Loch Ness. water to the parapet, 300 feet in length, COINICII, a small river in Argyleshire, and 15 feet wide, and is.looked upon as a which runs into the sea at the head of masterpiece of architecture.—About Dun- Loch Linnhe. glass, the seat of Sir James Hall, there are COLDINGHAM, a parish in Berwick- a great deal of fine wood and valuable trees. shire. It is of an irregular square figure, Pemmishiel wood contains nearly 100 acres of 7 or 8 miles. The general appearance is of fine natural oak. This parish has been flat; but there is a considerable portion of

frequently the scene of war ; this appears rising grounds, of easy ascent and gentle from the camps still visible on the rising declivity, which are, with a few exceptions, grounds, and the marks of military en- accessible to the plough, and are of a rich trenchments in the glens. About 60 years fertile soil, except about 600 acres of moor, ago an attempt was made to clear a basin of which the soil is altogether barren and and form a harbour at the mouth of the unfit for culture. St. Abb's Head is in this

small rivulet called the Cove ; aft or the work parish. The coast is in general dangerous was considerably advanced, it was destroy- and rocky. There is a considerable extent ed by a storm, and has never been renewed. of natural and planted wood, especially on A road was at that time cut through the the banks of the river Eye, which waters rock, by which carts pass under ground for the parish. About a mile W. of St. Abb's

the space of 60 or 70 yards. The greatest ad- Head, 'is a beautiful piece of water, called Tantage has attended the use of the sea Coldingham Loch, which is about a mile ware as a manure. It is found to make in circumference, and of considerable the harvest earlier, and the barley raised depth. There are besides the town of Col- by that manure brings at least Is. per boll dingham, three or four small villages in the more than the current price. The beds of parish, the inhabitants of which are chiefly coal, which were formerly wrought, seem farmers or weavers. The remains of a to be completely exhausted. Population church are still visible on the heights of St. 904.—The VILLAGE of the same name Abb's Head, and , surrounded lies on the road from Dunbar to Berwick. on all sides by the sea. Population 2424. COCKENZIE, a village in Haddington- —The Town of Coldingham lie3 IS miles shire, ia the parish of Tranent , 1 mile E. S. E. of Dunbar. It stands in a retired dry C O L

.•alley: having rivulet of excellent m the division of counties to Argyleshire, water running upon each side of it, and is and making part of the parish ofTiry. It about a mile distant from the sea. It is a is about 14 miles in length, and 2 1 2 in burgh of barony. It appears to have been breadth, on an average, containing 50 of considerable antiquity; for its monastery- square miles, or 15,000 acres. Two thirds was one of the most ancient, and flourish- of this extent are hills, rocks, blowing sands, ing on the east of Scotland. The back lakes, and morasses; the other third is wall and east gable of the parish church, pasture, meadow, or corn land. Its surface with a vault or two, and some detached is much diversified with eminences, and co- ruins, are all that remain of this edifice, vered with a thin stratum of earth, which which appears to have been extensive. It in many places is wanting, discovering the contains about 720 inhabitants. bare stone. The uncultivated parts, which COLDSTREAM, a parish in Berwick- are nearly seven-eighths of the whole, are shire. It extends along the Tweed 7 or S covered with heath. Coll abounds with miles, and is about 4 in breadth. The ge- lakes, of which several contain trout and neral appearance of the country is flat ; the eel. Babbits are very numerous; and eminences not deserving the name of hills. hares, which were lately introduced, are The soil is mostly rich and fertile; on the becomingso. The castle of Coll is strong, banks of the Tweed light; inclining to and square built, with turrets, Say. situated clay backwards. A broad strip of barren on a rock. It is still in tolerable repair. land, called the Moorland, divides the pa- There are a great many black cattle fed on rish, running through it from K. to YV. the island, of which are annually , 200 head There are no natural woods, but some exported. The two ends of the island be- thriving plantations have been laid out. long to the Duke of Argyle, and the middle Shell and rock marl are found in many is the property of Mr. M'Lean of Coll. The parts. Hirsel, the seat of the Earl of Home; inhabitants employ themselves chiefly in and Kersfield, of Mr Morrison, are great or- fishing. Population 1162. naments to the neighbourhood. Lord , a parish in the valley of Home has erected two tine obelisks in me- Strathmore, county of Perth, forming a mory of his son, Lord Dunglas, who was square of nearly 2 miles. The northern killed in the American war. Several tu- division is tolerably uniform, and rises gent- muli in the parish are said to contain the ly towards the hills, having a light black bones of those who fell in the border wars. loamy soil, intermixed with clay, and mos-

Population 25S4,--The Town of Coldstream sy tracts of small extent ; the district to- is situated on the N. side of the river wards the S. takes in the N. side of the Sid- Tweed, 10 1-2 miles S. from Dunse. It law hills, the sides of which are in some

was anciently the seat of a priory or abba- places inclosed and improved ; but towards cy of the Cistertian order, founded by Cos- the top, with the exception of Dunsinnan, patrick, Earl of March, and Derder his la- are covered with heath. Dunsinnan house dy. It is pleasantly situated. The num- is in the N. W. comer of the parish, about ber of inhabitants is about 1162. Here Ge- 7 miles from Perth. The most noted piece neral Monk fixed his headquarters before of antiquity is the castle of Macbeth, on he marched into England to restore Charles the top of Dunsinnan hill. Population II. and here he raised that regiment which S63. is still called the Coldstream regiment , a parish in the county of of Guards. The roads from Edinburgh to Fife, S miles in length and 6 in breadth. London, from Berwick to Kelso, and from The S. part of the parish is remarkably flat, Dunse to England, pass through the town. but the N.is rather hilly. The arable land The excellence of the wool, from the is very fertile. A large lake, which was neighbouring district, points the manufac- drained some time ago, is now covered with ture as being adapted to the place. No natural hay, and affords pasture to 120 extensive trade, however, is carried on. A head of cattle. Not far from the church are neat bridge of live arches over the Tweed, the remains of two castles or fortifications. unites the two kingdoms at this town. Population 964. COLIXSBURGH, a village in Fifeshire, COLL1NGTON, a parish in the county in the parish of Kilconquhar, 10 miles S. of of Mid-Lothian, which approaches within

Cupar ; the load to Anstruthcr and Cra: 2 miles of the metropolis. It extends 4 passes through it. It contains about 476 it miles E. and W. and 5 in a S. and N. di- habitants. rection, and takes in part of the Pentland COLL, one of thewcstern isles, annexed ridge, The arable lands slope gently from ;

COL 54 COM

the skirts of the hills to the level of the ri- i drained and cultivated, and a quey built ; ver, and are all inclosed and highly culti- in short no expense has been spared by the vated. The river of Collingtou, or rather enlightened proprietor to ameliorate the the Water of Leith, abounds with much conditionof the soil, and of the inhabitants. romantic scenery, and in a course of 10 The breed of cattle is so excellent, that 200 miles drives no fewer than 71 mills. On guineas have been offered for a bull, and the lands of Comiston there are the vestiges refused. The system of converting arable of a very large and ancient encampment. land into pasture has prevailed; and a Not far from this are two large cairns and great part of the two islands is covered an upright stone, of a flat shape, 7 feet with black cattle. The remains of several high above the surface of the ground, and Romish chapels are to be seen in . above 4 feet below it, called the Kelstone, The priory of a monastry, w hich wasfound- a British word which imports the " stone ed by St. Columbay, the walls of which arc

of the battle." It has also passed imme- still standing, was in Oronsay ; and, next morially by the name of Camus stone, to Icolmkill, it is esteemed the finest relic which would seem to intimate its connec- of religious antiquity in the Hebrides. tien with some Danish commander. Po- There is a great quantity of fine coral on

- pulation 1605. Collington Village is 4 the banks around these islands ; and a con miles S. W. from Edinburgh. siderable quantity of kelp is annually made COLLISTOWN and OLD CASTLE, two from the sea-weed thrown upon the coast. adjacent fishing villages in Aberdeenshire, M-r. Macneil is the principal proprietor. in the parish of Slains, containing about The number of inhabitants amounted in 330 inhabitants. lS01to805. COLMONELL, a parish in the district COLONSAY (LITTLE,) a small island of Carrick, Ayrshire. It is 14 miles in of the Hebrides, situated betwixt the isles length, and on an average 6 in breadth. of Staff"a and . It in many places •From the sea, which bounds it on the W. exhibits specimens ofbasaltic pillars, simi-

for 4 miles inland, the surface is hilly ; the lar to those of Staffa. rest of the parish, though elevated, is pret- , a parish ty level. The soil is thin and light; that in the stewartry of Kirkcudbright, extends on the banks of the Stinchar, and some of along the banks of the Solway frith, about its- tributary streams, is loamy and fertile S miles in length, and 4 in breadth. The and, through their whole course, is a con- surface is rough and irregular, much broken spicuous landmark to vessels when they en- and interrupted by rocks, heaps of stones, ter the Frith of Clyde. A great part of the and impenetrable copses of thorns, furae, parish is inclosed, and agriculture is now and briars. For two miles along the coast greatly attended to. There are a great the country becomes rather smooth, and in tiumber of ancient forts and cairns, con- many places arable ; but farther up, parti- 'cerning which tradition itself does not cularly towards the N. E. extremity, the •even hazard a conjecture. Population surface is occupied by the chain of the Crif- *304. fel or Grawfel mountains. From the ap- COLLONSAY, one of the Hebrides, be- pearance ofthe ground, it is evident that longing to Argyleshire. As it is separated pasturage is more proper here than tillage. from Oronsay only by a narrow sound, The sea coast is remarkably bold and rocky, which is dry at low water, we may consider forming high and tremendous precipices, these two as the same island. They lie from the bottom of which the tide ebbs, nearly 9 miles N. by W. from the nor- leaving an extensive flat sand,from whence

thern extremity of Islay ; and from the S. the beholder may view the dreadful scene- end of Oronsay to the N. end of Colon- ry. The small river of Southwick forms a say, 12 miles long, and from 1 to 3 broad. convenient harbour, where it falls into the The surface is unequal, having a consi- Solway frith. All the mosses contain large derable number of rugged hills covered trunks of oak and other trees ; the moun- with heath; but none of the eminences de- tains are composed entirely of granite, in- serve the name of mountains. It contains terspersed with veins of quartz and spars. about 9000 acres, of which 6000 are ara- The polypus, or animal flower, is found ble. The soil is light, and along the shores here. Many of the springs in the CrifTel it inclines to sand, producing early and mountains contain, in solution, a quantity tolerable crops. Oflate, great attention of calcareous matter, which gives them a has been paid, to the improvement of these petrifying quality. Population 1298. islands; roads have been made, the land COMRIE, a parish in the county ofPerth, C O R about 13 miles long and 19 broad. It con- des, 2 miles S. W. from the island of Lewis. sists ofthe strath or flat ground at the head COQUET, a river which takes its rise in- of Strathearne, and of 4 gleus, with rivulets the county of Roxburgh, in those moun- at the bottom, which pour their waters into tains which separate England from Scot- the Earne. The soil in the low grounds is land, and, after receiving a vast number of in general light and gravelly ; but in some streams from the sides of the mountains, parts, especially in the glens, it is deeper it enters England, and falls into the ocean and swampy. On the sides ofthe strath, to betwixt Alnwick and Coquet isle. the E. of Lochearne, and even along the CORNHILL, a small village in the parish loch itself, is a continued ridge ofhills, some of Ordiquhill. Banffshire, near which there of them elevated to a great height. Loch- is annually held a well frequented cattle earne, and several smaller lakes which a- market. bound with trout, are in this parish. The CORREEN, a hill in the parish of For- hilly part is covered with flocks of sheep, bes, Aberdeenshire, the height of which is of which there are annually reared about nearly 2000 feet. It contains excellent 16,000. Few districts afford more variety limestone. of wild Highland scenery than Comrie. CORRtE. SeeHUTTONandCORRIE. There is a good slate quarry near the forest CORRIF, a smallriver in Dumfnes-shire, of Glenairtney, and an excellent limestone which has its source in a glen of the same quarry at the W. end of Lochearne, which name, and, after a rapid course of about 6 has been of immense service in the im- miles, falls into the Milk at Balstack. provement ofthe lands. There are the re- CORRYARRACK, an immense moun- mains of three Druidical temples, and the tain in the parish of Laggan, in Inverness- distinct profile of a Roman camp in the shire, over which the great Highland road plain of Dalgincross, in the neighbourhood passes between Garvimore and Fort-Au- of Comrie. This parish has for several gustus. The road is formed along the wes- years felt shocks of earthquakes. Popula- tern bank of the TarfF, along which the tion 2689.—The VILLAGE of Comrie is road winds through stately trees in the deep delightfully situated on the left bank ofthe groves of Inverisha, which are terminated Earne, at the junction of the Lednock, 6 as the valley rises into the mountain, by miles and a half West of Crieff. It is a lofty naked cliffs of picturesque and varied

thriving place, has a distillery, and carries form : a number oftorrents streaming from on a small trade in spinning ofyam. the higher parts of the mountain, are pour- CON, or CHON (LOCH,) the uppermost ed with impetuosity over theprecipice, and of the chain of lakes formed by the Forth dashing down from shelve to shelve, bro- in passing through the parish of Aberfoyle, ken with all the wild varieties ofthe rock, in the county of Perth. It is about 2 miles and foaming in their fall, exhibit some of and a half in length, and possesses the same the most romantic cascades that can be romantic scenery for which Loch Catherine imagined. and Loch Ard are distinguished. CORSTORPHINE, a parish in the coun- CONAN, a river in Ross-shire, which ty of Mid Lothian, 4 miles at its greatest falls into the firth of Cromarty. It abounds length, and on an average 2 1-2 miles in with salmon, and formerly pearls of great breadth. The surface is in general level, value were found near its mouth. rising to a few eminences, and these in- CONTIN, a parish in Ross-shire. The considerable. Over a great part of its ex- surface is very mountainous, but there is a tent it spreads into a smooth plain. --The considerable quantity of good corn lands in grounds of highest elevation are those the vallies. A great number of hills are which are called Corstorphine hills, forming covered w ith forests ofnatural wood. There a diversity highly conducive to the beauty are many lakes and rivers, which abound ofthe country. On the S. and W. sides they with salmon and other fish. Black cattle, rise from the plain, by an easy and gradual

horses and sheep, are reared on the hills, ascent, to the height of 470 feet : on the N. which also afford plenty of game to the and E. they are more rocky and precipitate. sportsman. Shell and rock marl, and lime- The appearance on the S. side is remarka-

stone of good quality, abound. The Rasy ble for its beauty ; decorated with the beau- is the principal river in the parish. On the tiful seats of Belmont and Beechwood, and farm of Kinnellan, is a very remarkable having the whole lands cultivated and in- echo. Population 1844. closed, it forms a pleasant rural landscape. COPINSHAY. See CUPINSHAY. The soil i5 generally a rich loam, diversified COPPAY.a small island ofthe Hebri- with clay and sand. Agriculture, in its dif- COR 56 CO V

ferent departments, is conducted upon the common fuel is peat, turf, or heath, which most improved principles of husbandry,; are abundant in every part. Cortachy and the farmer takes advantage of his local castle, the property of Lord Airly, and situation to procure dung from Edinburgh. Clova House, are the only seats. Whinstone Corstorphine is watered at one corner by is found in great quantity; but no freestone the Water of Leith, and by a small rivulet or any valuable mineral has yet been disco- called Gogar burn. There is but little vered. Population 1000. wood in the district. Except sandstone, CORY-BRECKAN, a dangerous gulf or whinstone, and a species of stone composed whirlpool between the islands of Jura and of schistus and sandstone, intermixed with , on the coast of Argyleshire. It is micaceous fragments, no mineral of any nearly as much dreaded by sailors on those note has been discovered. Population 1 159. coasts as the Gulf Charybdis was by the CORSTORPHINE, avillagein the above seamen of old. The sound is about a mile parish, 4 miles W. of Edinburgh, on the broad where narrowest, and the whirlpool

great road to Glasgow and Falkirk : it lies is on the Scarba side. Soon after the flood low, is said have and to a damp atmos- | has entered the sound, the sea at this place

phere ; but disorders are more prevalent appears in great disorder. It boils, foams, than in the neighbourhood. The church of and passes away in successive whirls. The Corstorphine is an ancient Gothic building commotion increases till near the fourth in the form of across, dedicated to St. John hour. the Baptist. It was founded by Sir John COULL, a parish in Aberdeenshire, si- Forrester of Corstorphine, in 1429, for a tuated at the head of a strath, or valley, provost, 5 prebendaries, and 2 singing which is called . Its shape is near- j boys. The churches which belonged to ly triangular, the longest side of which is this college were, Corstorphine, Dalmahoy, about 5 miles, and the other two about 3 andHatton; the teinds of Ratbo, half of and a half, Coull, and the rest ofthe strath thetiends of Addiston, and halfofthe teinds of Comar, is flat, but much sheltered by of Upper Gogar, belonged to this church. high hills on each side. The soil is excellent, The population has very much decreased being composed of clay and sand. The pa-

within the last century : one cause of bring, rish takes in also part of the hills, which ing people to the place on a transient visit are bleak and barren, affording pasture to has some years ago been removed. The a few sheep. A considerable bog, in rainy hepatic mineral spring, which was much seasons, is completely converted into a lake, resorted to, has fallen into total disrepute, and covered with aquatic fowls. About a for a number of years, owing, it is said, to mile and a half West from the minister's a drain passing near the place, by which its house, is a small Druidical circle, on some virtues were impaired. Before that period, of the stones of which is the appearance of Corstorphine was a place of fashionable re- hieroglyphics and figures ofmen. It is cal- sort from Edinburgh, and had its balls and led Tamnavrie, or " hill of worship." Se- other amusements of watering places. veral pieces of old Scottish silver coin have CORTACHY and CLOVA. These unit- been dug up amongst the ruins of the cas- ed parishes occupy a very extensive por- tle of Coull, an ancient edifice of vast di- tion of the county of Angus. The soil is mensions. The great disadvantage of this in general poor, with a wet and cold bot- parish is the distance from a sea-port, Aber- tom. A part however, of the haugh ground deen, the nearest, being distant upwards of on the banks of the Esk, the only river in 30 miles. Population 721. the district, is a light early soil, intersper- COULTER (LOCH,) a small lake in the sed with frequent patches of moss. The parish of St. Ninians, Stirlingshire, about 2 parishes include a part of the Grampian miles in circumference, which discharges mountains, and from this circumstance are its water into Bannockburo. calculated principally for pasture. Some COUP-LIN ISLES, two small islands, ly- of the hills are of great height, and many ing between the isle of Sky and the main- places are beautifully romantic and pictu- land of Scotland, 4 miles from the isle of resque. In the small part of the parishes Scalpa. which is capable of cultivation, the farmers COVINGTON, a parish in the county of follow a regular system of agriculture. Lanark, extending in length about 3 miles, Marl, which is procured in great plenty at and in breadth rather more than 2, bound- the distance of 3 miles, is the only manure. ed on the E. by Libberton, on the S. by There are two small lakes in the district, Symington and Wiston, on the W. by Car- which abound with trout and pike. The michael, and on the N. by Pettynain. The CO Y C R A

surface is partly meadow ground on the i clay, particularly productive on the banks banks of the Clyde, and partly mountain- of the rivers Ayr and Doon. There are se- ous. Tinto, the highest point, is elevated veral new plantations and natural woods. to the height of 1720 feet above the level In the parish are three lakes, which abound of the Clyde. The hilly part of the parish with trout. Coal, freestone, lime, and marl, ; is covered with heath, but the rest of the are found in every part of the parish. Po- j soil is fertile and well cultivated. There pulation 1159. is a small village, called Thankerton, CRAIG, a parish situated in the county beautifully situated on the banks of Clyde, of Angus, at the discharge of the South. over which river there is a bridge at this Esk into the ocean, which separates it from place. Within this small district nume- Montrose on the N. It extends along the rous relics of antiquity are to be met with, sea coast about 4 miles, presenting a rocky particularly four circular camps, and a large craig or precipice to the sea. Its length cairn on the summit of the hill of Tinto, is about 6, and its breadth about 21-2 miles. where a fire was constantly kept up, whence The soil is good, producing excellent crops. its name, which signifies " the hill of fire." There are two fishing villages in the parish, There is also a fine ruin of a fortification, viz. Usan and Ferryden. There was for- built by Lindsay of Covington, in the year merly a very productive salmon lishmg on U12. Population 43S. the South Esk, but of late it has greatly COWAL, a district of Argyleshire, is a fallen off. Enclosures are now general. peninsula stretching N. E. and S. W. be~ There were formerly several castles in the

tween the Frith of Clyde and Loch Fyne. parish, which are now demolished : but, if The N. E. partof the district, which bor- there are few monuments of ancient gran- ders with Perthshire, presents a rugged and deur, we have several beautiful modern broken surface. The mountains become seats. Dunninald and Usan are fine man- gradually lower, and the surface less rug- sions, with ornamented pleasure grounds; ged, as you advance to the S. W. and to- and the elegant castle of Rossie, lately built,

' wards the extremity, comparatively speak- is a noble specimen of modern architec- ing. the land is low and level. The hills ture. Mr. Ross, the proprietor, has lately afford excellent pasture for sheep and at his own expense built a neat church,

black cattle ; they are gradually growing with a handsome square tower, to termi- green since the introduction ofsheep. The nate the vista from his castle. NearRossie soil has so great a tendency to produce is a mineral spring, strongly impregnated heath, that land laid out in fallow will be- with iron, of considerable service in relax- come covered with it in six or seven years. ed habits. The parish has also extensive This district is intersected by three arms limestone quarries. Population 1465. of the sea, Loch Ridden, Loch Streven, and CRAIG ANN, a mountain in Ereadal-

Loch Eck, and is watered by the rivers Cur bane, 16 miles N. W. from Perth. , and Eachaig. The coast possesses many CRAIG-BENYON, a mountain in Perth- creeks and harbours, which afford shelter shire, in Monteith, 3 miles N. E. of Cal- to the busses employed in the herring fish- lender. ery. Here are the ruins of the royal cas- CRAIG-ENDIVE, a small island in tles of and Carrick. Campbell of the sound of Jura, 4 miles from that is- , Campbell of South-hall, and La- land. mont of Lamont, have elegant houses and GRAIG-GAG-POINT, a promontory on extensive estates in this district. the E. coast of Sutherlandshire, in the pa- COWCADDENS, a village in the imme- rish of Loth, S miles S. W. from the Ord diate -vicinity of Glasgow and Port Dun- of Caithness, and 18 miles N. N. E. of Dor- das. noch. COWIE, a small river in the county of CRAIGIE, a parish in the district of Kincardine, which falls into the ocean at Kyle, in the county of Ayr. The surface Stonehaven. is hilly, and from the top of some of the COYL, a small rivulet in Ayrshire, which hills the prospect is very extensive. The falls into the Lugar near the village of greater part is arable, well enclosed, and Ochiltree. very productive. The hills are covered with COYLTON, a parish in the district of verdure, and afford pasture to a great num- Kyle, in Ayrshire. It extends about 2 ber of cattle. The extent ofthe parish is 7 miles in breadth, and 7 in length. The miles in length, and 11-4 mile in breadth. surface is flat, and the soil is a rich fertile Many parts of it contain coal. One seam CRA CRA

is composed of what is here called Caimel The elevation of the highest part is 115CT coal. There are also two or three great feet above the , which flows at its limeworks- Population 767. foot. It is noted for the remains of one of CRAIGIE-BARNS, a hill in Perthshire, those fortifications, which from the vitri- near Dunkeld, 1000 feet in height. On fied appearance of the stones, and the marks the top the prospect is extremely rich and of fusion which they exhibit, have received diversified. To the S. is the vale of the the name of vitrified forts. — That on the Tay as far as the Ochils, with the hill of summit of Craig-Phatric is by far the most Birnam in the foreground; to the east- complete and extensive one in Britain. It ward is the valley ofStormont, with a beau- is in the form of a parallelogram, the length tiful chain of lochs, sis in number. To the of which is about SO yards, and the breadth W. and N. is seen the Tay flowing in ma- 30 within the wall. The stones are all firm- jestic grandeur through a narrow vale, ly connected together by a kind of vitrified with the high mountains of Athole, Sechal- matter, resembling lava, or the scoria or lion, and Being'.o, on the N. flag of an iron foundery, and the stones CRAIG-LEITH, a small island in the themselves in many places seem to have Frith of Forth, about a mile N. of North been softened and vitrified. On the outside Berwick, to which it belongs. It supports there is the appearance of a second ram- a few rabbits. part, but not so regular as the first. With- CRAIG-LOCKHART, a hill about 2 in the area is a hollow, with a small spring, miles S. TV. of Edinburgh. It is beautiful- of water. The opinions concerning these

ly wooded, and forms a romantic and most ruins are very different ; some maintain charming situation for the country resi- that the vitrification is the effect of a vol-

dence of the proprietor. Towards the N. cano ; others, the work of art. But Mr. TV. the rock exhibits lofty basaltic columns, Fraser Tytler, in the second volume of the and on the S. E. side another set of basaltic Transactions of the Royal Society of Edin- pillars appear more distinct than the for- burgh, endeavours to establish that the mer, but of small diameter; the columns vitrification is the result of accident, the are inclined towards the E. forming ruins of ancient forts destroyed by fire. an obtuse angle. —The summit is 540 feet CRAIG-ROSSIE, one of the Ochil hills, high. in the parish of Auchterarder. CRAIG -LOGAN, a promontory ofWig- CRAIL, a parish in Fifeshire, which oc- tonshire, on the N. W. extremity of Loch cupies the S. E. corner of that county, ex- Ryan, 10 miles N. N. TV. of Stranraer. tending in length about 6 miles, but of CRAIG-LUSH (LOCH,) a lake in the very unequal breadth. Its general appear- district of Stormont, in Perthshire, from ance is flat and naked; the exposure to the which the riveT Lunan takes its rise. sea winds being very unfavourable to the CRAIG-NISH, a parish situated on the growth of trees. The soil is various, being western coast of Argyleshire, 7 miles long, found of all kinds, from the richest black and 2 broad, containing 7000 acres..—The loam to the poorest thin wet clay. From

surface is low and flat ; tlis soil inclines to the attention paid to husbandry, they have

clay, and is tolerably fertile ; but the cli- generally plentiful crops.— In former times, mate, on account of its vicinity to the At- coal used to be wrought in most parts ofthe lantic, is so moist and variable, as often to parish. Limestone is also found in a few blast the farmer's hopes. There are many quarries.—There is plenty of freestone, fortified eminences in the parish, supposed but the quality is not good, A short way to be Danish. In the vale, many rude mo- E. of Balcomie house, is a small cave in a numents record, in the most artless man- freestone rock on the sea shore, where Con- ner, the battles of ancient times. A clus- stantine II. was beheaded by the Danes, ter of these rude obelisks is to be seen close after his defeat at Crail, in the year 872. to the house of Craignish. There are also Airdrie and Wormiston are two fine modern the remains of cairns and other tumuli. houses. The remains of a priory, and the

Coal is touch wanted ; but since the open- ruins of an old castle, where David I. re- ing of the Crinan canal, this evil has been sided, are the only relics of antiquity.-- > less severely felt. Population S26. The Town of the same name is a royal GRAIG-OWL, one of the Sidlaw hills, in burgh of great antiquity, 4 miles E. of King- the parish of Tealing, Angus-shire, elevat- horn. It was anciently called Caryle or ed 1S00 feel. Cahraile, andis mentioned by old historians CRAIG-PHATRIC, a steep and rugged as a town of considerable note, as early as hill in the' neighbourhood of Inverness. the middle of the 9th century. The church,. —

C R. A 59

is an ancient fabric, still entire, erected in Mid-Lothian. It is watered by the A - 1517. The celebrated James Sharp, arch- mon, which is the boundary of the shires. bishop of St. Andrew's, was once minister The sides of this river are beautifully orna- of this church, and his hand-writing is still mented, from about to where shewn in the Session records. A little to it falls into the Forth. The whole extent the east of the harbour, on the top of the of the parish is from six to seven miles in clifF, are the ruins of the castle where Da- length, while the breadth varies from one vid I. resided. The town consists of two to two. The road from Edinburgh to

streets, and two or three lanes ; the north- Queensferry passes through towards the N. most street is broad and spacious, and con- and E. crossing the A mon at tains some good houses, but the wholeplace bridge, 5 1-2 miles W. of Edinburgh. The bears evident marks of antiquity, and hav- surface is flat, interspersed with gentle e- ing seen better days. The harbour is small minences. Its vicinity to Edinburgh, affords and incommodious, and besides is not a very ready market for the produce, j and

safe. Crail was formerly a great ren- I furnishes plenty of excellent manure for the dezvous for the herring-fishery, but scarce- farms.- The Southern and wesieni part of

ly any have been caught there of late the parish is more hilly and broken ; Cor- I years, although the white fishing has been storphine-hill is partly in this parish. | To

tolerably successful. A coal pit was late- ' it also are annexed the two small islands of ly, opened in the neighbourhood of the Cramond and . The oyster town, from which coal of an excellent qua- beds on the coast, and about these two is- lity is procured. Crail received its charter lands, are almost destroyed from over fish-

from King Robert Bruce, which was suc- ing ; and the Anion, w hich formerly abound - cessively confirmed, with several new ed with salmon and trout, is now nearly grants, by Robert II. Mary, James VI. and deserted. The principal -manufacture car- Charles I. It is governed by 5 bailies, a ried on is the forging of iron and working of treasurer, and from 11 to 15 councillors. steel. Freestone abounds in many places, It has seven incorporated trades, and joins as also whinstone and granite. Ironstone with Kilrenny, E. and VV. Anstruther, is found along the coasts and there are rqa- and , in returning a member lri- seams of coal; but, though pits have to Parliament. Population 1600. been frequently sunk, they haveshcrtly been , a parish in tbe district of given up, on account of the badness of the Teviotdale, of Roxburgh. Its form is near- coal. In Corstorphine-hill there is a spe- ly circular, having a diameter of about 4 cies of stone, seemingly composed of schis- miles. Its surface represents a valley, with tusand quartz, which is so hard that, when the river Teviot running in the centre ' heated and pulverized, it has been found to The soil, though various, is excellent, and answer most of the purposes of emery. •very fertile. Towards the S. There is mineral spring the there are con- ; a on lands of

siderable plantations of wood. Besides the I Marchfield, called the Spaw, containing a small Teviot, the river -waters the ; sufficient quantity of sulphate of Magnesia parish. Agriculture is more attended to to render it highly purgative. The Parish | here than perhaps in any part in Scotland. of Cramond has given birth to several men Marl, lime, and gypsum, are used for ma- who have become eminent by their talents nure. The turnpike road from Hawick to or their virtues. Of these may be mention- Kelso passes through the village of Crailing, ed, John, second Lord Balmerinoch, noted which is 7 miles W. from Kelso, and 13 E. for his spirited opposition to Charles I., Sir from Hawick. Mount Teviot Lodge, a seat Thomas Hope of Grantoun, a celebrated of the Marquis of Lothian, is finely situated lawyer at the Scottish bar ; Sir George Mac- on the borders of a romantic glen, the sides kenzie, first earl of Cromarty ; and. Dr Cleg- of which are covered with natural wood. horn, professor of anatomy in the universi- At the foot of the glen is Crailing house. ty of Dublin. To these may be added John A Roman road, or causeway, runs through Law of Lauriston, one of the most remark- the parish; near which are «everal fortifi- able characters this or any other country cations, which are also said to be Roman. has ever produced. Population 1653. Population 695. The VILLAGE of Cramond lies 5 1-2 CRAKENISH-POINT, a promontory on miles W. of Edinburgh, and 1 N. of Cra- the W. coast of the . mond bridge. It is situated on the river CRAMOND, a parish situated on the S. Amon, where it discharges itself into the side of the Frith of Forth, partly in the Frith of Forth. It contains upwards of 310 county of Linlithgow, but the greater part inhabitants, who are mostly employed in cr a e C R A the ironworks carried on in the neighbour- tains. Nearly the whole of Crathy and - hood. The Amon is navigable for small marrhasbeen originally covered with wood, vessels nearly a quarter of a mile from the and was called the forest of Marr. This fo - Forth, forming a safe and commodious rest, with those of the Duke of Athol in harbour. To this harbour belong 8 or 10 Perthshire, and the Duke of Gordon in Ba- sloops, employed by the Cramond Iron- denoch and Glenaven, constituted theprin- work Company. cipal part of the great Caledonian forest. In , a small parish situated the deepest mosses there are found large in the midst of the Lammermuir hills, in logs and roots of trees, which afford incon- the county of Berwick. The surface con- trovertible proof that they have formerly sists mostly ofhigh hills covered -with heath, been full of timber. In Braemarr, a great and is therefore better adapted for pasture part of the wood still remains. These woods

than tillage. Every farm , however, possesses are well stocked with deer. Besides the a considerable portion of arable land, which natural wood, there are extensive planta-

is generally cultivated and sown with tur- tations of fir and larch ; of the former of nip, for the support of the sheep during the which, one proprietor alone has planted up- severity of winter.- -Lime has been of the wards of 14 millions of trees. The river greatest service in meliorating the soil.— Dee takes its rise in the forest of Eraemarr, The rivers Whittadder and this and runs through the whole extent of the parish., The general appearance is naked district. The principal lakes are Loch Cal. and bleak, having few trees of any kind. lader and Loch Brotochan, which contain Cranshaws castle is a strong ancient build- trout, salmon, and eels. The great milita- ing, of small extent, but still very entire. ry road from Blairgowrie to Fort George,

Population 1S6. passes through the whole extent ; the vil. CRANSTON, a parish in the county of lage of Castletown of Braemarr is situated Edinburgh, extending about rive miles in on that line of road. Near this village are length, and three in breadth. The surface the ruins of an old castle, said to have been is unequal, but the gentle swellings of the the seat of King Malcolm Canmore. At a hills, adorned with fine seats and extensive short distance is the castle of Braemarr. It plantations, are extremely beautiful. The was once occupied as a garrison by King soil is excellent, and the whole parish is a- William, and wasburnt in thecontest which xable. The staple commodity is corn, of took placebetwcen the royal forces and the "which a considerable quantity is exported. Earl of Marr. Near the line of the military Freestone, limestone, and pit-coal abound road is a large cairn, called Cairn-na-cuim- here. There are three neat villages in it, hne, or " Cairn of Remembrance." The •viz. Cranston, Cousland, and Preston. Near mountains produce emeralds, topazes, ame- Cousland are some ruins, said to be of a thysts, similar to the precious stones of nunnery. The river Tyne, as yet a rivulet, Cairngorum. Granite of a fine polish also runs tlirough it. The elegant structures of abounds, and there are inexhaustible quar- Oxenford castle and Preston hall, the pic- ries of limestone, and of fine slate. Popu- turesque banks of the rivulet, and the lux- lation 1965. uriant crops which adorn the fields, present CRAWFORD, a parish in Lanarkshire, to the eye as rich a landscape as the most in length about 18 miles, and 15 in breadth. fertile spot of England could furnish. Po- The hill of Lauders, of which the elevation pulation 960. is 5150 feet, is chiefly in this parish. The CRATHY and BRAEMARR. These greater part of the district consists of hills extensive united parishes are situated in and moors, some of which are fit for pasture, that district of Aberdeenshire called Marr, but many are bleak, and scarcely exhibit in the middle of the Grampian mountains, marks of vegetation. In the vallies the soil

and are supposed to be more elevated above is generally light and spongy ; but in some the level of the sea, and farther removed in places there is clay. The situation and every direction of the coast, than any other climate, however, even of the best grounds, parochial district in Scotland. Taking in are unfavourable for agriculture- Minera- the mountainous and waste district, the logists would find great field for research •whole will cover an extent of 40 miles in in the grounds here, Leadhills, containing length 'and 20 in breadth. In the low the most extensive mines in the kingdom, grounds the soil is various, but when pro- is in this parish. The Earl of Hopetoun perly cultivated, and in a favourable sea- has in his possession a mass of lead ore son, it produces good crops. By far the weighing 5 tons, and a piece of native gold greater part is covered with high moun- found here of 2 ounces. The Daer, the C R A 61

Clyde, the Elvan, and Glengonar, intersect on this stream is a little way N. of San- this parish. Population 1773.—The VIL- quhar. LAGE of the same name lies 17 miles S. CREACH-BEIN, a mountain in Argyle- from Lesmahago, and 5 N. from shire, in the parish of Ardnamurchan, 2439 inn. It is of considerable antiquity, and feet above the level of the sea. has freedoms granted to thefeuars by the CREE, a river which takes its rise in the neighbouring proprietors. Each freedom northern parts of the county of Wigton, and consists of 6 acres of land, and the pri- stewartry of Kirkcudbright. Itisfoi sever- vilege offeeding a certain number of horses, al miles very small, but is considerably in- cows, or sheep, on the hill or common. It creased by tributary streams. It now chan- is governed by a Birley Court, in which each ges its appearance, and instead of rocks and freeman has a liberty to vote. The houses moors, it holds its course nearly S. through are at such a distance from each other that a beautiful valley, till it empties itself into they have the appearance of having been the hay of Wigton. It forms the boundary dropped on the road. between the counties of Wigton and Kirk- CRAWFORD-JOHN, a parish in Lan- cudbright. It abounds with salmon, and arkshire, of an oblong figure, extending 15 is navigable for several miles. miles in length, and generally to about 6 , or FERRYTOWN of

[

in breadth. The appearance of the parish i CREE, a village in the parish of Kirkrna-

is hilly, adapted for sheep pasture, with a i breck, and stewartry of Kirkcudbright, few patches of arable land in the vallies 7 1-2 miles S. E. of . It is | between the hills. Gilkerscleuch beautifully situated mouth of the Round I near the seats, , where Wigton bay. and Glespine, two gentlemen's are I it falls into some thriving plantations. On Glendorch The houses are set clown without plan, and estate, the property of the Earl of Hope- without arrangement. It is supported by toun, there is a valuable lead mine. This a small coasting trade, and a few vessels be- mineral has also been found upon Gilkers. long to the place. It has a good anchorage cleuch eslate, on which property there are a small distance from the town, where ves- also an excellent limestone quarry, abun- sels of 500 tons may lie in safety. Cree- dance of whiti' frct'i-ione, and an appear- town was lately erected into a burgh of ba- ance of coal. In other parts of the parish rony by the pruprietor and superior, whose are the marks of former mines, which, re- elegant seat is in the neighbourhood. It port says, were wrought in search of gold, contains upwards of 400 inhabitants. and that a considerable quantity of that CRERAN (LOCH), an arm of the sea in 1-ecious metal was found here. On the Argyleshire, going off from Loch Linnhe, top of Netherton hill, opposite to the house in the district of Appin. of Gilkerscleuch, are the vestiges of an ex- CRICHTON, a village and parish in the tensive encampment, and in other parts of county, of Edinburgh. The village is situa- the parish are the ruins of two ancient cas- ted 11 miles S. E. from the metropolis, on tles. A small river, ijamed Duneaton wa- the middle road to London by Comhill, ter, runs through the whole parish ; besides It is a thriving place, and contains, with which, there are several smaller rivulets. the adjoining village of Path- head, 750 in- Population 858. habitants. The parish contains about 5900 CRAWFURDSDIKE. See CARTS- acres, of which two-thirds are well adapted DIKE. for tillage, and have a rich deep soil, capa- CRAWICK, a small beautiful river in ble of producing heavy crops. The remain- Dumfries, shire, which rises just within the der is little capable of improvement, being boundaries of Lanarkshire, and dividing overgrown with moss The pasture is the parish of Sanquhar from Kirkconnel, scanty and bad. The proprietors have late- after a S. VV. course of about 8 miles, falls ly begun planting, and the trees seem to into the Nith, near Sanquhar manse. thrive well on this heretofore barren spot. This river scarcely emerges from its parent There is a limestone quarry wrought to a bog until it receives two more streams far considerable extent. Coal has been disco- more copious than itself, —the Wanlock vered, but hitherto no pits have been open- from the S. E. which is nearly met by the ed. At Longfauch is a circular camp, or Spango,from the N. W. from whence it entrenchment, the vallum of which is very •winds for some miles, between pleasant distinct. The castle of Crichton is a very green hills, till the scenery gradually chan- ancient and magnificent building. It was ges to fine wooded banks and cultivated once the habitation of Chancellor Crichton, I lawns. The small village of Crawick Mill joint guardian with the Earl of Callender I C R I 62

to King James II. a powerful aad spirited also several lakes abounding with trout, of statesman in that turbulent age, and the which the largest are ca^ed I.och MigdoJ adviser of the bold but bloody deeds against and Loch Elst. A ridge of hills runs paral- the too potent Douglas. During the life of lel to the frith, the highest of which, in Crichton this castle was besieged, taken, the western extremity, is called Beinmore and levelled to the ground, by William Assint. There is a great deal of natural It afterwards rebuilt, wood, Earl of Douglas. was principally oak and birch ; and there and part of this new work is uncommonly are several plantations of fir. The great elegant. Population 10S2. quantity of moss with which this district a- CRICHUP, a rivulet in the parish of bounds furnishes plenty of fuel. A vast Closeburn, Dumfries-shire. It takes its number of sheep and black cattle are rear- rise from a moss, near the N. E. extremity ed on the heathy grounds. Near the church of the parish, and, not far from its source, is an obelisk, S feet high, and 4 broad, said forms a beautiful cascade, by falling over a to have been erected in memory of a Danish precipice nearly 90 feet in height. Half a chief interred here. On the top of tbie mile below this, the water has hollowed Dun of Criech is a fortification, erected a- out for itself a strait passage through a hill bout the beginning of the 12th century by of red freestone, forming a very romantic an ancestor of Ross. linn. This linn, from top to bottom, is a- CRIEFF, a parish of Perthshire, in the bout 110 feet, and, though 20 feet deep, is district of Strathearne. The parish is na- bo close at the top, that one might easily turally dividedinto Highland and Lowland, leap across it, if his imagination could be of which the latter division is completely abstracted from the tremendous abyss be- surrounded by rivers. The Pow, the Ma- low, and the noise of the falling water, in- derty, the Turrot, and Earne, all abound creased by the echoes from the surrounding with trout and salmon. The Highland di- xocks. Sis miles below, the Crichup joins vision abounds with all sorts of game. The soil its waters to the Nith. is mostly light and gravelly ; in the vi- CRIECH, a parish in the county of Fife, cinity of the town it is loam. The parish extending in length about 5, and in breadth is well cultivated, and the greater part about 2 miles. Its surface is nearly level, inclosed. There is a good bridge over the

and the soil sandy and thin ; but agricul- Earne at the town j at the other end of ture is making rapid improvements. which a thriving village, Bridgend, has Limestone is plenty at the distance of 10 been lately built.— Population of the town miles. On a little eminence, near the and parish 5530.—The TOWN of CRIEFF church, are the vestiges of a Roman camp, lies 18 miles W. from Perth, and 22 N. with two lines of circumvallation. There from Stirling. It is built on a risingground, is another of the same kind on a higher half a mile N. from the Earne, and near hill, W. of the former. Not far from the the foot of the Grampians. It has a fine church is a castle which belonged to Car- southern exposure, and a delightful pros- dinal Beaton, and where it is said, his emi- pect of hills, woods, vallies, and rivers, to nence kept a country seraglio! Popula- the W. Criert'is the second town in Perth- tion 403. shire, and is much resorted to in the sum- CRIECH, an extensive parish in the mer months for its healthy situation. It county of Sutherland. It stretches from has a tolbooth, with a decent spire ; it has Dornoch on the E. coast to Assint on the also a large and elegant assembly-room, W. coast, at least 40 measured miles. The which is sometimes honoured with the pre- length of the inhabited patt of the district sence of the nobility and gentry of Perth- is reckoned about 21 miles, the breadth is shire. Although it has no regular govern- unequal, varying from 2 to 10 miles.—A- ment, the different trades have erected bout one-thirtieth part of the district only themselves into corporations for the sup- is cultivated, the rest being hilly, and co- port of decayed members and widows. The vered with moory ground. The arable soil chief manufacture carried on is making is light and thin, except at the E. end, Silesias, and weaving cotton goods for the where there is a deep loam. There are Glasgow manufacturers; there are about some meadows on the banks of the frith, 400 weavers' looms in the place. The town and the rivulets which run into it. The has greatly increased of late ; a number of seasons are generally early, and the crops new houses have been built on the S. and heavy. The two rivers Shin and Cassly W. sides of the town ; and two paper-mills run through the parish, which is also wa- have been lately erected. It contained, in tered on the S. by the Ockel. There are 1811, nearly 3000 inhabitants. C R O c n o

CRIFFEL, or CROWFEL, a ridge of great part of it now belongs to the Ander- mountains in the county of Dumfries, the sons of Udal, and the family of Ross of Cro- highest of which, Douglas Cairn, is eleva- marty. The face of the country ispleasant; ted 1 900 feet. The soil on its sides affords a long ridge of hills extend the whole length rich pasture for numerous flocks of sheep. in the middle of the county, having a fine , a parish in the district of declivity on either side towards the shores Buchan, in Aberdeenshire. Tt lies on the of the friths. The higher grounds are most- coast, nearly at an equal distance from the ly covered with heath, but towards the towns of Frazerburgh and Peterhead. The shores, the soil is light and early. A great figure is triangular, the base being nearly many plantations have been lately laid out, 3 miles, and the height of the triangle a- which will shortly be a great ornament and bout 5 1-2. -It contains 4600 acres, of shelter to the country. Cromarty has much which 3000 are arable ; the remainder is to gain in agricultural improvements. Were occupied by mosses, links, or downs, and the new system of husbandry adopted in the lake of Strathbeg. About a quarter of this quarter, there is eve"ry reason to expect a mile from high-water mark, there is a great returns to the farmer. Cromarty con- steep hill along the shore, almost perpendi- tains only one town, (from which the coun- cular, and nearly 200 feet in height. From ty takes its name, and which was formerly the summit of this ridge, the ground gra- a royal burgh,) and five parishes. The lan- dually descends into a low flat valley, at guage is generally Gaelic ; but many speak the bottom of which is the lake of Strath- that broad Scottish, which iscommonly cal- beg. By far the greater part of the parish led the Euchan or Aberdeenshire dialect. is a cold, damp, mossy soil, on a clay bot- The farmers are industrious in their profes- tom. Green crops and fallow are seldom sion ; but uninformed in matters of science, practised, and the fields are often ruined by exceedingly tenacious of their old prejudic- over cropping. But the shortness of the es in agriculture, and averse to new prac- leases is the chief bar to improvement. Po- tices. Freestone, granite, and reddish pulation 806. coloured porphyry, are almost the only mi-

CRINAN (LOCH), a small arm of the nerals ; topazes, similar to those of Cairn- sea, on the W. coast of Argyleshire, lately gorum, are found in the parish of Kincar- connected with Loch Gilp (an arm of Loch dine. Fisheries are very successfully car-

Fyne), by the Crinan Canal. ried on ; and pearls of considerable value CROE, a district in the parish of Kintail, are sometimes found in the frith of Cromar- Ross-shire, watered by the small river ty, where the river Conal falls into that bay. €roe. The valued rent of Cromarty is L.12,S97 CROMAR, a division of the district of Scots, and the real land rent may be esti- Marr, in Aberdeenshire, comprehending mated at L.7000 Sterling. Population 3052, the parishes of Coul, , and Migvy, CROMARTY, a parish in Cromarty- of Coldstone and Logie, and part of the shire, which extends about 7 miles in length parish of . and from 1 to 4 in breadth ; bounded by the CROMARTY (COUNTY OF). This frith of Cromarty on the N. On the banks small county is a peninsula, washed on 5 of the frith, the surface is level, and covered' sides by the friths of Cromarty and Moray, with verdure. A bank, about two mileg and bounded on the W. by the county of from the coast, extends the whole length Ross. Its extreme length is about 16 miles, of the parish, above which the ground is and on an average about 6 and a half or 7 covered with heath and moss. The soil is in breadth. But this part is intersected by every where wet and moorish, which makes a large common called Malbuie, in Ross- the seasons late, and the crop uncertain. shire, and the district of Ferintosh, in the The coast towards the E. is bold and rocky; county of Nairn. The whole peninsula has the rest is flat and sandy. After every the name of the ; and the Cro- storm a great quantity ofsea weed is thrown marty part is called the old shire of Cromar- ashore, which is partly used as a manure,. ty. The rest of this county consists of nine and partly burnt into kelp.—The TOWN detached portions, scattered up and down of CROMARTY lies 19 1-2 miles N. E. of in -various parts of Ross-shire, containing in Inverness. It is small, and situated upon allabout 344 square miles, or 473,5S7 acres. a rock or point of land which overhangs the It was erected into a distinct county about sea in a romantic manner. It was former- the end of the 17th century, at the request ly a royal burgh, but was disfranchised by of Sir James Mackenzie, Earl of Cromarty, an act of the privy-council of Scotland. It to whom it almost entirely belonged. A is now under the baronial jurisdiction of ;

CRO CRO the Earl of Cromarty. The harbour of Cro- ing, will soon be a great shelter and orna- marty is inferior, perhaps, to none in Bri- ment to the district. Sir James Grant of tain for safety, where vessels of 350 or 400 Grant is sole proprietor of the parish tons may lie in perfect security ; and a com- and Castle-Grant, the seat of his family, modious quay was lately built, at the joint is within its bounds— Grantown, a village expense of government and the proprietor erected about 40 years ago, is in the parish. of the estate of Cromarty. A considerable Thereisafortalix at , where a trade in the hempen or sackcloth line has thick wall ofmason- work, 20feet high, sur- been long established in Cromarty and the rounds an acre of land within the lake, with neighbourhood. Lately a rope-work and strong watch towers at every corner. The ship building were commenced. A large entrance is by a magnificent gate of hewn rocky cavern, called Macfarquhar's Bed, freestone ; and the foundations of houses and a cave, which contains a petrifying well are to be distinctly traced within the walls. called the Dripping Well, are great natural Population 2010. curiosities. The hill of Cromarty is visit- CRONS AY, a small flat island of Suther- ed by travellers of the first rank and taste, landshire, on the coast of Assint. who never fail to speak of its beauties with , a small village in admiration. Population of the town and Perthshire, in the parish of Fossaway and parish, 2413. Tulliebole, seated on the river Devon, on CROMARTY FRITH, called by Bu- the road from Stirling to Kinross. chanan the Port us salutis, is one of the fin- CROSS, one of the smaller Shetland isles. est bays in Great Britain. It is divided CROSS, a parish in the island of Sandy, from the Moray frith by the county of Cro- county of Orkney, to which are annexed the marty, and washes the southern shore of parishes of Bumess and N Ronaldsay. Po- the county of Ross. It is about 16 miles in pulation in 1814, 1519. See SANDY. length, and sometimes 3 in breadth. The CROSSFORD, a village in Fifeshire, 2 entrance is between two promontories or miles W. from Dunfermline. The road to headlands, called the Sutors of Cromarty, duress and Alloa passes through it. which are about a mile and a half distant. CROSSGATES, a village in Fifeshire, There is the finest anchoring ground after- ." miles E. from Dunfermline, and 5 N. passing the Sutors, for several miles up the from Queensferry. The road from Perth bay, with deep water on both sides, almost to Edinburgh passes through it, and the close to the shore, where, in most places, road from Kirkcaldy to Dunfermline, which the coast is so smooth, that, supposing a intersect each other here. vessel to part her cables (a thing scarcely , a parish in the stew- probable,) she might run aground without artry of Kirkcudbright. It is of a rectangu- sustaining much damage. Such is the ex- lar form, extending in length about 5, and tent of sea room in the baj, and such is the in breadth about 4 miles. It is bounded on capacity, that almost the whole British na- the E. by the river Urr, and on the W. by vy might lie here in safety. A ferry boat the river Dee, which divides it from Bal- is established across the bay from the Ross magie, and on the S. by Buittle and Kelton. to the Cromarty side. From these rivers the ground rises into a , a parish, nearly equally si- ridge, which is beautifully diversified with tuated in the counties of Inverness and Mo- gentle eminences, entirely arable. To- ray. Its extent is considerable, being in wards the northern border there is a small length fully 20, and in some places the part covered with heath. The soil is various, breadth is 11 or 12 miles. The soilis in as loam, clay, till, sand, and along the ri- general dry and thin, with the exception vers extensive meadows or holms. There of the low grounds, or haughs, on the banks are two lakes in the parish, abounding with of the river Spey, which in point of fertili- excellent pike and perch. The Urr has a ty, are equal to any in the neighbourhood. harbour, which admits vessels of small bur- Not an hundredth part of the lands of den. By a canal lately cut from Calinwark Cromdale is arable, or even green, so as to loch, which joins the Dee at this parish, render it good pasturage for black cattle or marl is furnished at a cheap rate to the far- horses. The hills and level grounds are ge- mers in the district. The shallows at the nerally covered with heath, which, though mouth of the Dee prevent vessels coming

formerly barren and unproductive, are now- so far up ; but a small expense might ren- r rendered of great benefit, by the flocks of der it navigable for near l > miles. There sheep which they maintain. The planta- are two ferries over therivers in this parish, tions of nr, which are numerous and thriv- and the great military road to Port Patrick C U L passes through it. Like the rest of Gallo- the W.—The soil is various. A large por- way, considerable attention is paid to the tion ofit is a deep rich clay ; the rest is light

rearing of cattle. There are several Pic- and gravelly : but, except the mosses, and tish monuments of antiquity, and the re- a few banks, all of it could easily be made mains of ancient fortifications. Population arable. An immense quantity ofpeat mcsJ 1227. extends along the N. boundary. There , a small fishing Tillage in the are 4 fishing villages in the parish, at one parish of Gamrie, Banffshire, containing of which, Ward, a tolerable harbour might about 100 inhabitants. be made. Husbandry is only in its infancy, CROY, a parish, situated partly in the but a few farms in the parish are in good county of Nairn, and partly in that of In- order. Thread manufactures are earned Terness. Its extreme length is about 16 on to a great extent. Slains castle, the miles, but it is so intersected by other pa- seat of the Earl of Errol, is in it. The rishes, that its extent in breadth cannot Bullers of Buchan, and ohter stupendous be exactly ascertained. The river Nairn rocks and precipices, are much admir- runs through it for S miles, on which is a ed for the awful grandeur they exhibit. tolerably productive salmon fishing. The Dunbuy, a small insulated rock near the

banks of the river are well cultivated, and, Eullers, is frequented by innumerable sea. where they do not admit of cultivation, co- fowls. There are also several very exten-

vered with wood, natural or planted ; sive caves in the neighbourhood. About a which, with the seats of Kilravock, Holmes, mile VV. of the church are the remains of a and Cantray, forms a scene of true rural Druidical temple. Population 1967.

amenity and beauty ; the remainder is in- CRUGLETON, a promontory in Wigton- differently cultivated, and has a bleak and shire on the frith of Cree. naked appearance. The proprietors of the CULAG, a rivulet of Sutherland, which parish have done much towards improving runs into the seaat Loch Inver, where there their lands, and introducing a regular sys- is an excellent fishing station, and a small tem of agriculture. Population 1456. village of the same name. CRUACHAN, orCaUACHAN EEINN, CULLEN, aparishinthe county ofBanff, a lofty mountain situated at the head of extending about 4 miles in length from the Loch Aw, in Argyleshire, 5590 feet high, sea southward, and 5 miles in breadth. and the circumference at the base exceeds The fields in general have a gentle slope 20 miles. It is very steep towards the N. towards the N. and E. ; only one eminence, E. and slopes gently down on the S. but the Bin-hill of Cullen, deserving the name rises with an abrupt ascent near the sum- of a mountain. The soil is generally of a mit, which is divided into two points, each rich deep loam, but some fields are of a resembling a sugar loaf. The sides of the strong clay, and near the shore, sand mix- mountain are covered with natural wood ed with gravel. The farms are in general of birch, alder, oak, and fir, which abound small, enclosed, and well cultivated. The with roes and red deer. On the summit of Bin-hill lies about a mile S. W. of the this mountain is the spring, from which is- town of Cullen, about 2 miles from the sea, sues Loch Aw. Cruachan is the weather from which it is elevated to the height of gage of the people within view of its lofty 1050 feet. It was lately planted to the summit. Before a storm, its head and very summit with trees of various kinds. sides are enveloped in clouds. It is mostly Cullen house, the chief residence of the composed of reddish porphyry, but near the Earl of Findlater and Seafield, is founded bottom is found argillaceous schistus, in- on a rock, about 50 feet perpendicular a- tersected with veins of quartz and lapis ol- bove the burn of Cullen, over which there laris. On the top ofthe mountain the sea- is an excellent stone bridge of one arch, 84 pink grows luxuriantly, and sea shells have feet wide, and 64 feet high, making an easy been found on the very summit. communication with the parks and woods, CRUACH LUSSA, a mountain in the where the ground admits i.f endless beauty district of Kna]'dale, in Argyleshire. The and variety. Cullen is surrounded with height is thought to exceed 5000 feet above most extensive plantations, laid out about the level of the sea. 40 years ago by Lord Findlater, there being; ' CRUDEN, a parish in thatdistrict of A- no fewer than 8000 Scots acres of waste berdeenshire caded Buchan. It is a regu- ground now covered with trees. Near the lar field, compact extending about 8 or 9 town of Cullen is the foundation of an an- miles along the British ocean towards the cient castle, on a small eminence called S. and about 7 or 8 miles inland towards the Castle-hill, overhanging the sea; and I ;

C U L 66

the ruins of a house are still shown, where, chain and bucket, was erected for draining It is said, Elizabeth, Queen of King Robert the pits. A pit was sunk, which entered Bruce, died. Population 1C70. by the land, and was carried nearly a mile CULLF.N, (BURGH OF) liesS miles and out into the sea. At this sea pit vessels loaded their cargoes, ft half W. of , and 08 and a half N. which was 40fathoms W. of Aberdeen. The Earl of Findlateris below high watermark; this pit was rec- hereditary preses or provost, and the go- koned one of the greatest wonders in the vernment of the town is vested under him island, by an English traveller who saw it in 3 bailies, a treasurer, dean of guild, and in the beginning of the 17th century. This 13 councillors, and joins with Elgin, Banff, great pit was destroyed by a violent storm Kin tore, and Inverury, in sending a mem- in 1625, which washed away the stone bul- ber to Parliament. With a small excep- wark, and drowned the coal. This pit was tion, Lord Findlater is proprietor of the nearly opposite the house of Casttehill. whole town. The houses are in general The Culi-oss coal consists of no less than 27 mean and ill built, and the streets have an different strata, some of which are 9 feet irregular and dirty appearance. Notwith- thick. Thehou5eof Castlehillis built on standing its situation on the sea coast, no the site of an ancient castle of the Mac- vessels can venture to take in or deliver a dufFs, where it is said Macbeth murdered cargo for want of a harbour. The -want of the wife and two children of that noble- •water is also a great disadvantage to the man—There are also the vestiges of two place, there being only one good spring in Danish camps in the parisli. Population the parish. There is a considerable manu- 1611.—The BURGH of CULROSS lies 4 facture of linen and damask, established miles E. of Kincardine, and 23 W.by N. of about 60 years ago. There are two fishing Edinburgh. It is a place of considerable Tillages in the neighbourhood, viz. Cullen antiquity, having been erected into a royal and Portnockies, which employ about 14 burgh hy James VI. in 15S8. It is govern- or 15 boats.- -By these the town and coun- ed by 5 bailies, a dean of guild, treasurer, try around are amply supplied with fish and 15 councillors, and has six incorporat- and, besides what is sold daily, the fishers ed trades. It joins with Dunfermline, In- cure and dry a considerable quantity, which veikeithing, Queensferry, and Stirling, in they carry to Montrose, Arbroath, Dundee, returning a member to parliament. Part and Leith. ofthetownis built on the acclivity of a CULLODEN, a moor situated about 3 hill, the principal street running N. from miles E. of Inverness, memorable for the the shore. It formerly carried on a great

total defeat of Prince Charles' army, on the trade in salt and coal ; at present its trade 16th April, 1746, by the Duke of Cumber- is wholly annihilated. At one period there land, which put an end to the attempts of were above 50 salt-pans going here, which the Stuart family to regain the British made about 100 tons weekly. Before the throne. The country people often find, in Union there have been 170 foreign vessels the field of battle, bullets and pieces of ar- in the roads at a time, loading coal and mour, which are anxiously sought after by salt.--- About 35 years ago, the Earl of Dun- the virtuosi as curiosities, and preserved as donald erected very extensive work3 for relics. the extraction of tar, naphtha, and volatile

CULROSS, a parish in Perthshire, lying salt, from coal ; but, being an unproduc- on the N. side of the frith of Forth, forming tive concern, it was given up, and the works nearly a square of 4 miles, containing 8145 are now in ruins. Culross enjojed the ex- acres. It abounds with freestone, iron- clusive privilege of making girdles, by vir- stone, ochre, and a species of clay, highly tue of two royal grants from James IV. and valued by potters and glass manufacturers. Charles II. At the N. end of the town is Coal was wrought here at a very remote the parish church, which was formerly the period by the monks of the abbey, to whom cha|iel of the monastery; the chancel and It belonged.— Colville, commendator ofthe tower are still entire, but the transept and abbey, let the coal to Sir George Bruce of body of the church are in ruins. Adjoining Blair-hall in 1575, who resumed the work- to the N. wall of the church is an aisle, the ing of it at that period. This gentleman burial-place of the Bruce family, in which was the first in the island who drained coal is a fine monument of Sir George Bruce, his pits by machinery. Below the house of Cas- lady, and eight children, all cut out of white tlehill, about a quarter of a mile W. from marble. In this aisle was lately found, en- Culrots, are some remains of the masonry closed in a silver box, the heart of Lord where mi Egyptian wheel, commonly called Kinloss, who was killed in a duel in Flan» C U X CUM tiers by Edward Sackville, as related in the and a half. Its general surface is flat, de-. Guardian, No. 133. A small distance to clir.ing from the S. where there are a few- the eastward of the church stands the ab- hills. The soil is light, and in some places bey-house, built by Lord Kinloss in 1500. gravelly, but. towards the S. it is a strong It is a very large building, in the most de- lay. The village of Pitlessie is in this pa- lightful situation imaginable, commanding ish, and the river Edeii passes through it. an extensive prospect of the frith of Forth, There are numerous freestone and lime- Stirlingshire, and the .-This house stone quarries, of excellent quality; and was lately inhabited by the Earl of Dun- plenty of coal. Several remains of Roman donald, but it is nearly demolished since encampments may be seen ; and many urns it has become the property of Sir Robert have been dug up, containing human bones. Preston. The burgh of Culross had the The celebrated Wilkie, the painter, son cf custodv of the coal measures of Scotland, the late Rev. Mr Wilkie, is a native of this by act 1663, Charles II. The abbey of Cul- parish. Population 765. ross was founded in 1217, by Malcolm Earl CUMBERNAULD, a parish in the coun- Of Fife, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary ty of Dunbarton, extending about 7 miles and St. Serf. The last abbot of this place in length, and 4 in breadth. The surface was Alexander, son of Sir James Colville of has a romantic appearance, being beauti- Ochiltree. Sir James, brother to the said fully diversified with small hills and fertile Alexander, was raised to the dignity of Lord dales. The highest part is called Fanny- Colville of Culross in 1604, at which time side moor, producingnothingbutheath and the king made him a grant of this dissolved furze. On the S. side are two lakes, about abbey. The town has been long going to a mile long, and a quarter broad. The re- decay ; and now the county turnpike be- mainder of the parish is mostly arable, with tween Newmills and Kincardine runs to a deep clay soil, tolerably fertile. There is the north of it. C ulross in respect of trade abundance of coal, though none is at pre- Inay be considered as at an end. sent wrought. Lime and freestone also CULSALMOND, a parish in the county abound. Considerable remains of Anto- of Aberdeen, the extent of which is about ninus' wall are to be seen here, nearly in 3 miles and a half in length, and 3 in the course of which runs the great canal breadth. New-ton house is the only edifice which connects the Clyde and the Forth.— of note. Population 754. The VILLAGE of Cumbernauld, which lie* COLTER, a parish in the county of La- 13 miles E. of Glasgow, is pleasantly situa- nark, about 8 miles in length, and on an ted in a valley almost surrounded with the average 4 in breadth. On the banks of the pleasure grounds of Cumbernauld House, Clyde, a fine fertile plain extends for two the seat of . The road miles to the foot of the hills, which occu- from Glasgow to Edinburgh passes through pies the southern part of the parish, hav- it, near which is a good inn. The inhabi- ing a rich loamy soil, well enclosed and tantsare chiefly employedin weaving. Po- cultivated. From this plain towards the pulation 2334. south, the ground rises into high moun- , avillage in Aberdeen- tains. This hilly district is partly covered shire, in Montquhitter parish, founded in with a rich verdure, and partly occupied by 1760 by the late Mr Cumine of Auchry. a forest of natural wood. The whole ap- Population 404. pearance of the parish is beautiful, being , a parish in the coun- covered with thriving plantations and or- ty of Dumfries, extending about 4 miles in

namented farms. Culter water falls into length, and 3 in breadth ; bounded on the the Clyde after passing through this parish. N. by St. Mungo's and Hodham, by Annan Ironstone of excellent quality abounds, and on the E. the Solway Frith on the S and most of the springs are impregnated with Ruthwelland Dalton on the W.— It con- mineral. Population 413. tains 6S72 Scots acres. The surface is level,

CULTER, a rivulet in Aberdeenshire, and the soil in general good ; in the centre which rises from a lake in the parish of of the parish it is excellent. The parish Skene, and falls into the Dee, near the lies on the banks of the Annan, which church of . bounds it on the E. There are several ex- CULTERFELL, a hill in the parish of tensive flow mosses utterly incapable of im- Culter, Lanarkshire, elevated 1700 feet. provement; these, however, furnish excel- CULTS, a parish in the centre of the lent peat, which is the onlyfuel. Agricul- county of Fife, extending in length about ture is rapidly advancing in improvement, 2 miles and a quarter, and in breadth 1 and enclosure* are becoming general. Frec~ CUM CUP

stone is abundant ; and limestone of excel- through the middle of the parish. It has lent quality is found in an inexhaustible several lakes, the sources of the Lugar and

quarry near the centre of the parish ; the Afton. There are various mines of coal great drawback is the want of coal for and lime, which supply the neighbourhood. burning it. The military road through A lead mine was lately opened on the ba- Dumfries-shire, intersects the parish. The rony of Afton, which employs from 20 to castle of Hoddam is ancient, but is still in 30 miners. Population 1381. good repair. Besides the minerals men- CUNNINGHAM, the northern district tioned above, is a limestone quarry at Kil- of Ayrshire; bounded on the E. by Ren- head. Several veins of a beautiful dark- frewshire, on the N. and W. by the Frith coloured marble have appeared, which ad- of Clyde, and on the S. it is separated from mit of a fine polish. Population 1633. Kyle by the river Irvine. Its length from CUMNOCK, or OLD CUMNOCK, apa- N. to S. is about IS miles, and its breadth rish, (from which New Cumnock was dis- from E. to W. 12 miles. Cunningham is joined about the beginning of the last cen- pleasantly diversified with hill and dale; tury), situated in the county of Ayr. It is but cannot be said to have any mountains. of an oblong figure, aboutlO miles in length, It is watered by numerous streams, the and 2 in breadth. The surface is partly flat, chief of which are the Garnock, Caaf, Rye, and partly hilly; the soil in general is a Annock, and the Irvine, which forms its deep clay, but the low grounds are inter southern boundary. In it are several po- mixed with sand and gravel. There are puloustowns and villages — Irvine, Kilwin.- several rivulets, all of which fall into the ning, Saltcoats, Ardrossan, Dairy, Beith, Lugar, a stream which empties itself into Largs, &c. The whole district abounds the river Ayr near Barskimming. The with coal, limestone, and freestone. It is, hills exhibit frequent marks of volcanic however, most in the hands of a few great fire, many of them being composed of ba- proprietors, and is consequently ornament-

saltic columns of irregular crystallization. ed with few seats ; Eglinton castle and Kel- Several specimens of calcareous petrifac- burn are the chief. tions offish and mosses are to be found in CUPAR, a parish partly in Perthshire,

the bed of Lugar ; and in a limestone quar- partly in Angus, extends about 5 miles in ry belonging to the Earl of Dumfries is length from S. W. to N. E. and is from one found a species of red coral. A vein of to two miles in breadth. It is divided lead ore also runs through it. Freestone a- lengthways by an elevated ridge. A con- bounds; and a great part of the parish lies siderable extent of haugh or meadow upon coal. The ruins of the castle of Ter- ground lies on the banks of the Isla, which ranzean, the mansion of the barony of that is frequently swelled by the rains, laying name, stands in this parish. Population of nearly 600 acres under water. The soil in

the parish and village 1991.— The VIL- general is a clayey loam ; but, whereever LAGE OF CUMNOCK, which lies 15 miles the ground rises into eminences, a gra- E. from Ayr, is situated on the banks of velly soil makes its appearance. The lands the Lugar, at its confluence with the Glis- are mostly inclosed with thorn hedges, and nock. It has a manufacture of earthen agriculture is well attended to. Besides ware. It contains nearly 900 inhabitants, the town of Cupar, there are several vil- and gives the title of Baron to the family of lages, of which the largest contains about Dumfries. Near the village are the re- 100 inhabitants. There are still visible at mains of a moat or courtrield, where an- Cupar the vestiges of a Roman camp, said ciently the baronial courts were held, al- to have been formed by the army of Agrico- most surrounded by the Lugar, noted for la in his 7th expedition. On the centre of its picturesque and romantic scenery. The this camp Malcolm IV. in 1174. founded great roads from Ayr and Glasgow to D urn- and richly endowed an abbey for Cistertian fries, and from Ayr by Muirkirk to Edin- monks. Its ruins shew that it must have burgh, pass through the village. been a house of considerable magnitude. CUMNOCK (NEW), a parish in the Population, including the town of Cupar, county of Ayr. Its form is somewhat of 2.590.—The TOWN of CUPAR in ANGUS an oblong square, 12 miles long, and S lies 15 miles N. W. of Dundee, 12 and a broad. Its general appearance is hilly, af- half E. by N. of Perth. Though designat- fording excellent pasture for sheep ; but ed in Angus, by far the greater part is in there are many spots of arable land, with the county of Perth. It is situated on the an excellent clay soil. The river Nith Isla, and is divided by a rivulet into two .takes its rise in the S. W. end, and runs parts; that part which lies S. of the rivulet ;

CUR being all that belongs to the county of An- governed by a provost, three bailies, a gus. The streets are well paved and light- dean of guild, and 21 councillors, and joins ed, and the town has much improved of with St. Andrews, Dundee, Forfar, and late years. There is a steeple, which Perth, in sending a member to Parliament. serves as a town house and prison, on the Its revenue is about L.500 annually. Cu- spot where the prison of the court of rega- par has a considerable manufacture of lity stood. The linen manufacture is car- brown linen, 500,000 yards having been ried on to a considerable extent, nearly stamped in one year. There is a tanwork, 20,000 yards of different kinds of cloth be. a brick and tile work, and two large brew- ing annually stamped here. There is al- eries ; also two printing offices, one of which so a considerable tannery, and in the im- has produced several excellent editions of- mediate neighbourhood a large the classics. has been laid out. Population in 1795, CUPINSHAY, one of the Orkney islands, 1604. about a mile long, and half a mile broad. CUPAR, a parish in Fifeshire, is an ir- It contains two or three families. Adjoin- regular square of 5 miles, divided into two ing to it lies the Kirkholm of Copinshay, parts by the river Eden. There is not an separated by a reef, dry at low water, on acre of common or waste land in the parish, which are the ruins of an ancient chapel, the whole being either planted or employ- and other religious houses. ed in tillage, except one large field, kept CUR, or CHUR, a river in the district of for the purpose of pasturing the cows be- Cowal in Argylesliire. It takes its rise in longing to the inhabitants of the town. A the mountains which border on Lochgoil- considerable proportion of the grounds are head. Its course for 2 miles is rough and inclosed. Carslogie is an ancient mansion. rapid, forming, as it descends from the

. — Garlie-bank is celebrated for the treaty mountains, several fine cascades, and mak- concluded on the 13th of June 1559, be- ing a number of beautiful turns ; but the tween the Duke de Chatelherault, on the crops are frequently much damaged by the part of Queen Regent, and the Earl of Ar- sudden rising of its waters. After a course gyle, commanding the forces of the Congre- of about 9 or 10 miles, it falls into Loch gation. Population of the town and parish Eck. 4758.—The TOWN of CUPAR in FIFE is CURGHIE, a small port and village on a royal burgh, and the county town of Fife- the bay of Luce, 3 miles N. from the Mull shire. It lies 22 miles N. E. of Kinghorn. of Galloway. It is finely situated on the N. bank of the CURRIE, aparish in Mid-Lothian, about Eden, on a dry soil, with a southern expo- 6 miles VV. from Edinburgh. Its extent

sure. This town boasts of great antiquity. is 5 or 6 miles in ever)' direction ; but from The Thanes of Fife, from the most remote E. to W. it advances to 9 miles in length. period, have held their courts of justice The situation is elevated ; Ravelrig, about here, and names of commissioners from the middle of the parish, is 800 feet above

Cupar are found in the rolls of parliament ' the sea. This height, and its vicinity to in the reign of David II. The castle of! the Pentland hills, renders it cold and Cupar is frequently mentioned in history as damp. The soil is a tough clay, which re- having sustained several sieges ; and on the quires much cultivation. About one-third j Castlehill were exhibited the plays of Sir of the whole is hill and moss. The manure David Lindsay. The present grammar- employed is often brought from Edinburgh, school is built on the site of the old castle. but lime is more generally used. The ri- At the S. foot of the Castlehill was a con- ver Leith takes its rise in the western ex- vent of Dominicans, with a fine chapel. tremity of the parish. Limestone is abun- The town consists of a number of streets dant, but is not wrought, as there is no the Bonygate and Millgate are broad and coal at a nearer distance than 8 or 9 miles. spacious, and contain a great number of Freestone abounds with plenty of iron- elegant houses. A new street has been stone, and a rich vein of copper. On an lately opened on a line with the Bonygute, elevated situation above the banks of the in which are situated the new county-hall river Leith is an old castle, called Lennox and other public rooms ; the jail is remov- tower, said to have belonged to the family ed from the street across the Eden. The of Lennox, and to have been occasionally

church is a fine modern building ; but the the residence of Queen Mary in her youth. steeple, which is detached from it, is an- It has a subterraneous passage to the river, cient, with an eliptical spire. The streets and has been a place of considerable are «lean, well paved lighted. It and is strength ; the circumference of the rampart C U S ', C Y Ii

or outwall which goes round the brow of besides which there is no other manufac- the lull, is 1212 feet. Not far from this ture. This parish was, in 1798, annexed castle, on the opposite side ofthe river, are to the neighbouring one of Leochel, (q. v.) the ruins of another ancient edifice, the so that they now form one parochial mansion of the Skenes of Curriehill The charge. VILLAGE of CURRIE lies 6 miles S. W. CUTHEERT'S (St.) or WEST CHURCH, of Edinburgh, on the N. bank ofthe Water a parish of Mid-Lothian, lying on the N. ofLeith. The road to Lanark passes through and W. sides of the metropolis, and" com- it. Population of the village and parish prehending a great part of its suburbs, and 3 321. a large tract of very valuable land in its CUSHNIE a small parish in Aberdeen- shire. Its surface is mountainous and roc- CUTTLE, a village adjoining to Pres- ky. The soil is very different. The hills tonpans. It has an extensive potfery, a are covered with heath, and abound with salt-work, and a magnesia manufactory, game. There are two small rivulets in and contains about 290 inhabitants.

the parish, which are well stored with CYRUS (ST.) a village .5 miles N. from called St. trout. The women are employed in knit- ! Montrose. The parish is often

ting stockings for the Aberdeen market, I Cyrus, from this village.

D

DAI DAL

DABAY, a small island ofthe Hebrides, quarries ; and freestone of excellent quali- annexed to the county of Inverness. ty is to be had at a short distance.-—Over It is about a mile long, and half a mile the Eden, which forms the boundary on broad; fertile in corn aril grass, but liable the S. and E. is a neat bridge of 3 arches. to be blasted by S. W. winds. Population 553. DAFF, a village in Renfrewshire, in the DALAROSSIE, a parish in Inverness- parish of Innerkip, about 3 miles W. from shire, united to that of Moy, (q. v.) 'Greenock, containing upwards of 4000 in- DALAVICH, a parish in Argyleshire, habitants. united to that of , (q. v.) DAILLY, a parish in Ayrshire, situated , a village in Kirkcud- an the centre of Carrick, along the banks of bright stewartry, in the parish of Urr, built the Girvan. It consists of a vale stretching some years ago, on the estates of Copland in the direction of the river, about 6 miles of King's Grange, and Maxwell of Munshes. in length, bounded on both sides by hills of It is admirably situated for trade, the river moderate height, the breadth varying Urr being navigable so far for small vessels, from 4 to 6 miles. The lower part of the and a considerable stream, called Dalbeaty it, well for valley is beautifully diversified with mea- burn, running through adapted driving machinery. dows, woods, and plantations ; the sides of in in the hills, and the country beyond them, DALGAIN, a village Ayrshire, the especially towards the south, are bleak, parish of Sorn, seated on the road from Ayr henthy, and uncultivated. Numerous to Muirkirk, on the banks of the river Ayr. streams pour from the hills, through deep It is regularly built, and, in 1797, consisted and woody glens, tojoin the Girvan. These of 50 neat houses, inhabited by 200 per- glens are much admired for picturesque and sons. romantic beauty. The parish abounds D ALGETY, a parish in the western dis- on with coal and limestone. Population 1756. trict of the county of Fife ; bounded the DAIR.SIE, a parish in the county of Fife. N. by Beath and Auchtertool, on the E.by Frith of Forth, It is of an irregular figure, extending near- Aberdour, on the S. by the ly 3 miles in every direction. The centre and on the W. by and Dun- of the parish is elevated intotwo hills, ara- fermline. The figure is irregularly triangu- ble to the top, the sloping sides of which lar, eachl side extending about 4 miles in constitute the parish. The soil is rich and length. It is bounded on the S. by the fertile. There are several good whinstone Frith of Forth, from which the ground DAL 7 DAL

rises considerably; but the surface in ge- town may be considered as well built. One

neral is level, and. in many places covered of the greatest markets in Scotland for grain with furze and swamps. The soil is vari- is held here every Monday and Thursday. consisting light ous ; in some parts of a dry All the corn trade done here is for ready is loam ; but the greater part a deep strong money; a circumstance of great importance loam, mixed with clay, naturally wet and to the farmer. A few manufactures have

stiff, but in general productive of heavy been introduced ; but these have not been, crops. There are several extensive pits carried to great extent. The grammar- of excellent coal, of which a great quanti- school of Dalkeith has been long in high re-

ty is annually exported from the port of pute ; and several of the brightest ornaments St. David's in this parish. Dunibristle, the of literature here received the rudiments of j

Beat of the Karl of Moray ; Fordel, the seat their education. The church is a Gothic of Sir John Henderson; the house of Ot- fabric, founded by James Douglas, Earl of

terstown and Cockairny, are of great orna- : Morton, in the reign of James V. The ment to the surrounding country. Near town is governed by a baron bailie under the church of Dalgety, which is an ancient the . ] building, are the ruins of a seat of the Earl DALLAS, a parish in the county of Elgin, I of Dunfermline. Population 816. about 12 miles in length, and 9 in breadth. DALKEITH, a parish in the county of Its form is somewhat oval, being surround- Mid-Lothian, only about 2 miles square, ly- ed with hills, so as to form a valley or ing on the banks of the North and South strath, in the middle of which runs the ri- Esk rivers. The whole parish might be con- ver Lossie. The soil on the banks of the sidered as a plain, did notthe steep banks of river is light and sandy, subject to frequent the rivers give it an uneven and broken ap- inundations; the rest of the soil is black pearance. The soil is various, being light and mossy, and the surrounding hills are and sandy on the lower grounds, and in the covered with short heath.—The harvests higher a pretty deep clay, well adapted for are late, and the crops are seldom sufficient raising either fruit orforest trees, which ar- for the consumpt of the district. The pa- rive here to great perfection. In no part of rish possesses inexhaustible quarries of light Scotland is agriculture better understood grey slate, and some good freestone. Po- or more attended to, and for several years pulation S72. bypast an association of the most respecta- DALMALLY, a small village in Argyle- ble farmers in the county, under the deno- shire, situated at the head of , \& mination of the Dalkeith Farming Club, miles N. from Inverary, and 11 W. of Tyn- has existed for the encouragement of every drum. with agriculture. discovery connected Ad- | , a parish in the county of joining to the town is Dalkeith house, the Linlithgow, on the S. coast of the Frith of principal seat of the Duke of Euccleuch. Forth. It is nearly 4 miles long, | and from in This elegant and extensive building was : 2 to 5 breadth. The surface is beautiful- erected about the beginning of the last cen- ly diversified with hill and dale, and from, tury, on the site of the old castle of Dal- the eminences the prospect is remarkably-

keith. The beauty of the situation is great- extensive and beautiful. The soil is i gen-

ly heightened by the serpentine windings eral a poor clay, bordering on till ; but there- | of the two rivers, which unite about half a are some spots of sandy ground. Much at- i

mile below the house, and the fine woods \ tention is paid to regular farming, and ro- with which it is surrounded. There is a tation of crops. Ironstone is found on the beautiful bridge of white stone over the N. shore, and the parish possesses excellent Esk, within sight ofthe house, and the banks quarries of freestone and limestone. There of both rivers are cut into extensive walks are several marl pits in the parish, and coal with great taste. The park contains a num- has been recently raised on the estate of ber of venerable oaks, and is well stocked Lord Hopetoun. There are a few antiqui- with deer. Population 4709.—The TOWN ties, of which the church may be consider- ef DALKEITH lies 6 and a half miles S. E. ed as the chief. It is a small elegant fa- of Edinburgh, on the great south country bric, of Saxon architecture, apparently 800 road from the metropolis. It is situated on years old; and lately underwent a thorough a narrow stripe of land between the two repair. Barnbougle castle, the seat of the Esks, the banks of which are beautifully Earl of Roseberry, is a very ancient edifice. •wooded and embellished with seats offami- A new and most elegant house is just now lies of the first distinction. The principal building, nigh the site of the castle. In the street is broad and spacious, and the whole parish are several very ancient families, who —

DAL 72 D A

have possessed estates in uninterrupted he- several small 1 akes ; and, besides the Ken, reditary succession for 700 years. Craigie- 1 the parish is watered by the rivulets Gar- hall, , and Duddingstone, are pool, Blackwater, , and Stonrig- the chief seats in the parish. Pop. 996. gan. In Lochinvar are the remains of an DALNACARDOCH, a stage inn in Perth- ancient fortified castle, with a draw-bridge. shire, on the great Highland road to Inver- There are also several moats and ruinous ness, 85 miles from Edinburgh, and 70 from places ofdefence. A village called St John's Inverness. Clauchan, the property ofthe Earl of Gal- DALRY, a parish in the county of Ayr, loway, is finely situated on the Ken. Po- of an irregular figure, nearly 9 miles from pulation 1061. S. to N. and about the same distance from DALRYMPLE, a parish in the county of E. to W. The surface rises gradually from Ayr. It extends along the banks of the ri- the banks of the Caaf, Rye, and Garnock. ver Doon from 6 to 7 miles in length, and The flat ground on the banks of these ri- about 2 in breadth. The lower grounds vers is a deep loam, apparently composed are delightfully situated, surrounded on all of slime and sand deposited from the over- sides with little green hills. Near the Doon flowing of the waters. The greater part of the ground is beautiful and diversified. the soil is clay, intermixed with patches of The soil is partly clay, and partly sand. The mossy ground, which have of late been state of agriculture is much improved of much improved by the use of lime as ma- late years, and enclosures are becoming nure. Dairy gives the title of Baron to the general. There is plenty of limestone, marl, eldest son of the Earl of Glasgow. Lime- and some freestone. Population 811. stone and ironstone abound, and there are DALSERF, a parish in the county of La- three valuable coal pits within a mile ofthe nark. It is situated on the S. bank of the village. Lately, in boring for coal, a very Clyde, extending in length about 5 miles, strong sulphureous spring was raised, which and on an average o in breadth. The holms has been much used in scrophulous and on the banks of the river, which are of ir- scorbutic cases. At Auchinskitch, 2 miles regular breadth, are very fertile, but liable from Dairy, in a limestone crag, there is a to be overflown. From these plains the remarkable cave scooped by the hand of ground rises by ahold and precipitous ridge nature. It is about 183 feet in length, and to a considerable height. Here the soil be- the breadth and height vary from 5 to 12 comes clay, or rather argillaceous loam, feet. Over the entrance, which is to the with a till bottom. The lower grounds are west, projects a smooth stone, 22 feet long well cultivated, but the rest of the parish, by 18 broad. The roof affords many fine being more sterile, is but slightly improv- specimens of stalactical petrifaction. Po- ed. There are several extensive planta- pulation 2815. The VILLAGE of Dairy tions in the parish, and on the Clyde some lies 5 miles W. of Berth, and 4 N. of Kil- large orchards. The rivers Avon and Cal- winning. It is beautifully situated on a nar run through it. There are three neat rising ground, almost surrounded by wa- villages, viz. Dalserf, Millheugh,and Lark-

ters, and these run in their different direc- hall ; the last of which is now considerable, tions so near the village, that when the and is daily increasing. There are pits of streams are swelled by heavy rains, it has excellent coal, and lime has been found in the appearance of an island. Near the E. small quantity. There is great plenty of end of the town is one of these earthen freestone, and ironstone is also abundant. mounds where justice was formerly admi- There are several mineral springs. Dalserf nistered. This is called the Court-hill. The house and Broomhill, with the ruins of two cotton manufacture is the principal branch small chapels, are the most distinguished or- of trade in the parish. It contains about naments ofthe parish. Population 1560. 1000 inhabitants. The VILLAGE of Dalserf stands in a low- DALRY, a parish in the stewartry of situation on the banks ofthe Clyde, on the Kirkcudbright. Itslength from N. to S. is road to Lanark, 7 miles below that place, about 15, andits breadth about 10 miles. and 7 above Hamilton. Towards the B. the soil is arable, and ca- DALTON, a parish in Annandale, Dum-

pable of cultivation ; but by far the greater fries-shire, about 4 miles in length from part is hilly, and only tit for pasture. Along N. to S. and 5 in breadth. The banks of the river Ken, which is the boundary on the the Annan, which bounds the parish on W. for 9 miles, there are some natural the E. have a light loamy soil, very capable

woods of considerable extent. There are of improvement : in the places farther from ; :

DAL 5 D A V

the river the soil is clay, on a cold till hot above parish, has of late much increased, torn, which, by retaining the moisture, ren the number of inhabitants being above 500, ders it unfavourable for vegetation.. Of late and its vicinity to coal, freestone, and ex- several commons have been brought into cellent water, has induced several compa- culture, and the appearance of the country nies to erect machinery for the cotton and in general is much improved. It contains woollen manufactures. To the village be- 11 square miles. Population 691. long two extensive commons, each of which DALWHINNIE, a stage-inn in Inver- gives pasturage to from 25 to 30 cows. ness-shire, on the great Highland road to DAMSAY, a small island of Orkney, in Inverness, 99 miles and a half from Edin- the parish of Stenness, about 2 miles from burgh, and 56 and a halffrom Inverness. the island of Pomona. DALZIEL, a parish in the county of La- DANESHALT, a small village in the pa- nark, about 4 miles in length, and 2 in rish of Auchtermuchty, Fifeshire, distant breadth. Its surface is even and regular, about a mile S. from the town of Auchter- rising gradually from the rivers Clyde and muclity. The road to Falkland, Kirkcaldy, Calder, by which it is bounded, to a ridge, and Kinghorn, lies through this village. with a declivity just sufficient to carry off DARUEL, a fine limpid stream in the the superfluous water. The banks of the district of Cowal, Argyleshire, has its rise Clyde are low, except at one place, where at the hill of Barnish, and after a course of there is a bold rocky bank for 3U0 yards, some miles, falls into the head of Loch Stri- commanding a line prospect of Hamilton ven, opposite the N. end of Bute. and the surrounding country. The banks DAVEN (LOCH), a small lake, about 3 of the Calder are beautifully diversified miles in circumference, in the parish of with coppices, and several plantations i>f Logie-Coldstone, in Aberdeenshire. thriving trees heighten the beauty of the DAVID'S (St.), a village in the parish of scenery. The soil of the parish is a rich Dalgety, on the N. coast of the Frith of

loam, and strong marly clay, capable of a i Forth, 2 miles E. from Inverkeithing. It

high state of cultivation. There is a sal- I carries on a considerable manufacture of salt, mon fishing on the Clyde. Coal abounds I and exports an immense quantity of in the parish, and freestone of excellent : coal. The harbour of St. David's is spa- quality. Upon a most picturesque spot cious, where vessels of 500 or GUU tons can stands the mansion house of Dalziel, at- : load in safety. tacbed to the old tower of che manor, which DAVIOT, a parish in Aberdeenshire, ; ex- is kept in repair solely on account of its tending nearly 5 miles in length, and 4 in antiquity. The roads from Lanark to Glas- ' breadth. The surface is level, having an gow, and from Edinburgh to Hamilton, exposure to the S. and S. K.—The soil is pass through the parish.— Population 758. partly a rich fertileloam, and partly a strong [ DALMELINGTON, a parish in the coun- clay, producing tolerable crops. Very little

j ty of Ayr. It extends about 8 miles in ot the parish is enclosed; its distance from j length, and from 2 to 3 in breadth. —The lime, the nearest place where it can be got j surface rises gradually from the river Doon, being nearly 20 miles, is a great drawback and the soil varies from a strong, rich, deep ,' to improvement. It has two druidical tem- ples, clay, to a dry gravel ; but towards the hilly one of vchichformspart of the church- parts it becomes barren and rocky. There : yard. Population 693. is a large morass near the village, which DAVIOT, a parish in the county of In- j has lately been drained. Partof Loch Doon, verness. It wasin 161Sunitedlo Duniich-

| ty, forms from which issues the river of that name, I which now a parochial district of is in this parish. There is great abundance great extent, being about 23 miles in length sides of the Nairn, its of excellent coal, freestone, and ironstone ; en both breadth va- j and some veins of lead ore have been dis- rying from 2 to 4 miles. The appearance covered in the hills, but they have never is wild and romantic in the highest degree, j been wrought to any extent. There is a the hills being either bare rocks, or very beautiful moat above the village, surround- sparingly covered with coarse grass; and ed with a deep dry fosse. Several cairns are in the low grounds there are many large j to be seen in different parts, besides the tracts of peat moss, incapable of cultiva- remains of three ancient castles, one of tion, but which seem in general well cal- j which stands on a small island in Loch culated for trie growth of forest trees, and Doon. Population of the village and pa- many acres have been laid out in that way. rish 787. Among the mountains are several lakes, of DALJIELINGTON, a village in the which Loch Ruthven and Loch Dundel. K DEE 74- D E E chack are the chief. Limestone has been of , the bottom of the river is very found on the banks of the Nairn; the vein rough, which in large floods forms it into contains numerous cubical crystallizations, beautiful cascades of broken water. A lit- which have been found to contain lead. tle below this is a high bridge of two arches. Population 1654. The whole length of the course of the Dee, DEAN, a deep running river in the coun- following the serpentine turns which it ty of Angus. It takes itsrisefrom the lake makes, is about 40 miles. of Forfar, and, receiving the water of Gai- DEER, a parish partly in Aberdeenshire, rie, near Glammis castle, falls into the Isla partly in Banff, situated almost in the about a mile N. of Meigle. centre of Buchan, extending in length 10 DEE, a large river in Aberdeenshire, miles from N. to S. and in breadth 5 and a •which takes its rise from two sources, the half. The high road from Aberdeen to northern on theN. side of Cairntoul, where, cuts it longitudinally, and it running a course nearly due S. through is intersected by the road from Banff and Glen-garachy for 4 miles, it is there joined Old Meldrum to Peterhead. It is watered tiy another small stream called the Guisa- by two rivulets, Deer and , which chan, when it receives the name of the Dee. afterwards form the Ugie. The surface Flowing on in the same direction for 6 consists of irregular ridges of rising ground, miles further, it is joined by the Geauly; forming a number of vallies of unequal ex- the southern branch, at Dubrach, which tent. The tops of some ridges are covered has its source from the base of Cairn-eilar. with heath, some with plantations, and

After the junction of the two waters, the many of them cultivated : the lower parts Dee becomes a considerable stream, and are more susceptible ofcultivation. Around bends its course eastward, where it runs the village is a plain of considerable extent, with astonishing rapidity through the whole ornamented by the woods and pleasure breadth of the county, and empties itself grounds of Pitfour. A considerable quan- into the German Ocean at New Aberdeen, tity of home grown flax, spun into fine at the distance of 90 miles in a direct line yarn, is annually exported, and a large from its source. In its course it receives bleachfield with extensive machinery is in many small rivers, and forms several wa- the neighbourhood of Stewartfield. Besides terfalls, which are noted for their magnifi- the village of Deer, there are two other po-

cence. It abounds with salmon ; and the pulous villages, Stewartfield andFetteran- most valuable fishings in Scotland, (the gus. There are inexhaustible quarries of Tay scarcely excepted,) are on this river, excellent limestone, of which nearly 20,000 the produce ofthe Dee being estimated at bolls are annually sold. On the S. W. of nearly L.8000 Sterling per annum. Its es- the parish is great abundance of rombic tuary forms the harbour of Aberdeen. For quartz or feldtspar, and pieces of the purest about 20 or 30 miles, it forms the boundary rock crystals are met with occasionally. A between the counties of Aberdeen and fine dark blue, and a very white granite, Kincardine. are used for building. There are several DEE, a river in the Stewartry of Kirk- druidical circles, and the ruins of a small cudbright. It takes its rise from Loch Dee, irregular village, supposed to have been in- a small lake which is situated at the bottom habited by the Druids. Population 3646. of those hills which separate Carrick from The VILLAGE of Deer, is situated 1 miles Galloway. After running many miles in a and a half W. from Peterhead. Not far serpentine course, and receiving the water from the village stand the remains of the of the great river Ken at Parton, it flows a abbey of Deer, built in the beginning of the considerable way, till it reaches the parish 13th century by William Cummine Earl of of Kirkcudbright. It then runs from N. E. Buchan. Ithasbeenanextensivebuilding, to S. W. and empties itself into the Solway but is now very much in ruins. Frith about 6 miles below the town of DEER (NEW,) an extensive parish in Kirkcudbright, and is navigable for vessels Aberdeenshire. It is of an oblong form, of 200 tons, for 2 miles above that town. extendingfrom N. to S. 14 miles, and 7 at It is a large and rapid river. For a great a medium from E. to W. The surface is part of its course its bottom is rocky, and flat, there being scarcely a place that de- its banks steep and rugged, adorned with serves to be called an eminence. Towards natural wood ofvarious kinds In its course the N. E. and S. E. the appearance for 7 it receives besides the Ken, the rivers Tarff or 8 miles is almost one continued corn and Twyneholm, and the Grange burn. It field, interspersed with pieces of sown grass abounds with salmon. Opposite the church and turnip, and terminated by a gentle ri- DEN D E V

sing ground in the form of an amphithea- 4 miles in length, and 2 and a half in

tre ; towards the W. the soil is shallow , and breadth. The surface is agreeably diversi- the surface covered with heath. The pub- fied, having a soil partly clay, and partly lic road from Aberdeen by Udny and Tar- sand. It is in general fertile, and well ves divides the parish from N. toS. Lime- cultivated. The great canal frcm Forth stone abounds on every farm, and it is to Clyde passes through it. Freestone is burnt in considerable quantities with peat. plenty, and coals are got insufficient quan- About 2 miles from the church stands an tity. Population 2654.—The VILLAGE

old castle called Fedderatt, which appears of Denny, lies 5 miles W . from Falkirk. It to have been a place of considerable isapopulous and thriving place, being in the strength. Thereare a few remains of Brui- immediate vicinity of 5 paper-mills, a wool

dical temples ; and several tumuli have spinning mill, and 2 large printfields on been opened, and found to contain urns the N. bank of Carron, in the parish of Du- enclosed in stone coffins. Population 3100. nipace. The road from Stirling to Glasgow DEER, a small river in Aberdeenshire, passes through it. which takes its rise in the parish of New DERNOCK, or , a pleasant Deer, and, after a course of about 1G miles, little village in the parish of Melrose, and unites with the water of Strichen. About county of Roxburgh, situated on the S. 5 miles from the sea, it acquires the name bank of the Tweed, 1 mile and a half W. of the Ugie, and falls into the ocean at Pe- from Melrose. terhead. DERVILLE, a thriving manufacturing DEER ISLAND, or MULDONICH, one village in the parish of Loudon, county of of the Hebrides near to the island of Ayr. Near it are the remains of a Danish Barry. fort. The lands of Derville in old times DEERNESS, a parish in Orkney, united belonged to the Knights Templars, and it to that of St. Andrew's. It is situated in is remarkable that these lands hold of no the eastern extremity of Pomona Island, superior, not even of the crown. The vil- and extends 10 miles in length, and from 2 lage contains about 400 inhabitants. to 6 in breadth. The soil is chiefly loam, DE5XFORD, a parish in the county of and moss intermixed with sand, which is Banff. Its length from N. to S. is about 5 tolerably productive ; but the cultivated miles, and its extreme breadth about 3. land bears a small proportion to that which It consists of a strath or valley, between a lies waste and uncultivated. Several ruins range of hills, through which runs a small of ancient buildings may here be seen. Po- river, the banks of which are covered with pulation 1410. natural wood. The soil along the lower- , a parish in Shetland, on the parts of the strath is generally a rich loam, N. coast of the Mainland. The surface is with a strong clay bottom, producing hea-

hilly, bleak, and barren; but the small part vy crops of grain ; towards the hills the soil on the coast which is under culture pro- is a light black mould, on a cold tilly bot- duces tolerable crops of oats and barley. tom. The lower grounds seem peculiarly Population 1624. adapted for planting. The ruins of the DENHAM, orDENHOLM, a village in tower of Deskford, and of the castle of the parish of Cavers, county of Roxburgh, Scuth, with the surrounding woods, forms its 5 miles from Jedburgh, on the road to most picturesque ornaments.—There is a Hawick. small bleachfield at the N. end of the pa- DEN1NO, a small parish in the eastern rish. There are several quarries of lime- district of Fife. Its figure is nearly a par- stone, and 2 hills which afford abundance allelogram, the length being about 5 miles, ofpeat and turf for fuel. Population 631. and the breadth about 1 and a half. It is DEUCALEDON1AN SEA, the name beautifully intersected by a variety of small given by Ptolemy and the ancient geogra- rivers, abounding with excellent trout. phers to the ocean which washes the wes- The soil is in general wet and spongy, and tern coasts of Scotland. is principallj fitted for pasturage. Coal DE VERON, a river which has its source was formerly wrought, but no pits are open in the parish of Cahrach, in Aberdeenshire, at present; freestone abounds of excellent and after a course of about 50 miles, falls quality. There are also several mineral into the ocean at Banff.—It forms the springs containingiron. Kingsmoor, an ex- boundary betwixt Aberdeen and Banff- tensive tract of wild uncultivated ground, shires for many miles, and in its course re- is attached to the parish. Population 294. ceives many rivulets, particularly the Bo- DENNY, a parish in Stirlingshire, about gie, which falls into it at Huntly, and the D E V

Isla at Rothiemay. It contains plenty of of the river; but the depth from the bridge trout and salmon, which yield a revenue to the water is no less than 86 feet, but the of L.2000. want of a parapet prevents even the steadi- DEVON, a river which takes its rise in the est head from looking down this fright- parish of Blackford, and running an easter- ful chasm, without a degree of terror, (a ly course of some miles to the Kirktown of handsome new bridge is lately finished.) G'endevon, it runs in a S. E. direction to The water, both above and below the the Crook of Devon, when it turns round, bridge, rushing from rock to rock, and form- and flows in a westerly direction until it ing a number of little falls, produces a con- falls into the Forth at Cambus, two miles stant rumbling kind of noise, which is above Alloa. In its course it forms some much increased when the water is swollen

striking and romantic waterfalls and cas- by rains ; on this account the people call it

cades, known by the names of the Devil's the . When this bridge is Mill, the Rumbling Bridge, and the Cal- viewed from the river below, it is a very sub- dron Linn. " The first we visited (says Dr. lime object. The sides of the chasm are Garnott in his Tour) is what is called the formed by bold irregular rocks, consisting of Caldron Linn, about 9 miles from Kinross. a kind of pudding-stone, which are in many places Here the Devon suddenly enters a deep finely covered with brush-wood ; a- linn or gully, and there finding itself con- bove the bridge, the water is seen running fined, by its continual effort against the along, in some places concealed from the sides has worked out a cavity resembling a. eye by the jutting rocks and foliage, and in large caldron, in which the water has so others appearing again. In short, the whole much the appearance of boiling that it is forms a very romantic scene- About 200 difficult to divest one's self of the idea that yards above the Rumbling bridge, we came it is really in a state of violent ebullition. to another fall, though but a small one, From the caldron, through a hole below with a kind of caldron, in which the water the surface, the water slowly finds its way has the appearance of boiling. In this ca- under the rock into a circular cavity, in vity the water is continually tossed about which it is carried round and round, though with great violence, constantly dashing a- with much less violent agitation: this se- gainst the sides of the rock; this produces cond caldron is always covered with a foam a noise somewhat similar to that made by a or froth.— From this boiler the water runs mill, and on this account it is called by in the same manner by an opening in the the common people the Devil's mill, be- rock below its surface into another, which cause it pays no regard to Sunday, but 5s larger than either of them, the diameter works every day alike. At Crook of Devon being 22 feet. The water in this cavity is a good inn, where a guide will be pro-

is not agitated like the other, but calm cured ; here the roads from Stirling and and placid. From this cavern the water Alloa, to Kinross unite, 20 miles from rushes perpendicularly over a rock into Stirling, 6 from Alloa, and 6 from Kinross. a deep and romantic glen, forming a DEVON (BLACK), or SOUTH DEVON, fine cascade, particularly when viewed a small river in Clackmannan-shire, which from the bottom of the glen. This cascade has its rise in the Saline-hills, and, after a is 44 feet in height, and the rocks which circuitous course of some miles, falls into compose the linn are about twice as high, the Forth at Clackmannan harbour.

so that it appears as if the water had worn DICHMOUNT LAW, a hill in the pa- its way from the top to its present situa- rish of St. Vigean's in the county of Angus. tion, which most probably has been the It is about 670 feet in height. case. It falls in one unbroken sheet, with- DICHTY, a rivulet in the county of An- gus. It takes its rise amongst the out touching the rock ; and the whiteness Sidlaw- of the dashing water is finely opposed to the hills, and, after a course of about 12 or 13 almost black colour of the rocks, which are miles, falls into the frith of Tay, near the formed of coarse grained basaltes. Leav- village of Monifieth. ing the Caldron linn, we walked about a DICKMOUNT-HILL, in the parish of mile, or rather more, up the banks of the Cambuslang, in the county of Lanark, ele- Devon, and came to another linn or ravine, vated about 700 feet above the level of the over which an arch is thrown. The rocks sea, and commands a most extensive and on each side approach so near, that an varied prospect. It appears to have been arch,of 22 feet span is sufficient to form a anciently a place of strength. communication between the different banks DILTY-MOSS, an extensive mois in ; 1 .

DIN D O L

Forfarshire, in the parishes of Carmylie and was erected by George first Earl of Cromar-

Guthrie, about 2 miles long, and 1 and a : ty, and was intended to distinguish the half broad. burying-place of the family. DINART, a river in Sutherlandshire, , a parish in the county of which takes its origin from Loch Dovlass. Haddington. It is situated where the Frith

After a northerly course of 15 miles, it falls of Forth opens into the German ocean ; its into bay between Far-out-head extent is nearly 6 miles square. The wes- and Cape Wrath. It produces plenty of tern part of the parish, along the frith, is salmon. sandy and barren for nearly 3 miles; but DINGWALL, a parish in the county of towards the E. the soil becomes better, be- Ross, forming nearly a square of 2 miles ing a fine level plain. There are two small bounded on the E. by Kiltearn, on the S. E. islets on the coast, on one of which, called by the river Conan, which separates it from Fidrie, is the ruin of a lazeret. A consider- Urquhart, on the S. and W. by Fodderty, able quantity of sea weed is thrown ashore is and on the N. by a range of high mountains. ! after a storm, part of which used as a ma- It occupies a fine valley, with part of the nure, and part burned into kelp. Inclo- sloping sides of the hills which form the sures are general, and there has been of valley, a great proportion of which is in a late years a great improvement in the high state of cultivation.— There is little mode of farming. Nisbet of Dirleton, the •waste land, and the whole forms a beauti- chief heritor, has lately made extensive ful diversified scene of hill aad dale, wood plantations. Gulan-ness, from which pas- and water, corn fields and meadows. The sage-boats formerly sailed for Fife, is in soil is a rich loam, which in dry seasons af- this parish. Population, 1211. —The TIL-

fords luxuriant crops ; but, from the fatness LAGE ofDIRXETON, nearly in the cen- of the ground, and the steepness of the tre of the parish, built upon a rocky ground,

hills, wet seasons frequently frustrate the rising as it recedes from the sea, -l miles W. hopes of the farmer. The river Conan runs of North Berwick, and 4 E. of Aberlady.— through the parish, in which a few trouts Immediately adjoining to it are the ruins are occasionally caught. On it also is a of the ancient castle of Dirleton, once a very productive salmon fishing. There are place of considerable strength. a few plantations which are in a thriving DIVIE, a small river in the county of state. Population of the town and parish Moray. Its principal branch rises in the 1500.— TheBURGH of DINGWALL, lies borders of Strathspey, and, after a most 19 miles N. of Inverness by Beauly. It is rapid course, it falls into the Findhorn ri pleasantly situated on a fertile plain at the ver. W. end of the frith of Cromarty, which is DOCHART (LOCH), a lake in Perthshire, navigable to small vessels as far up as the in the parish of Killin. It is about 5 miles town. It was erected into a royal burgh by in length from E. to W. and contains a float- Alexander II. in the year 1326. It is go- ing islet, 51 feet long, and 29 broad. It verned by a provost, 2 bailies, a dean of appears to have been gradually formed by guild, treasurer, and 10 councillors, and the natural intertexture of the roots and joins with Tain, Dornoch, Wick, and Kirk- stems of some water plants. It moves be- wall, in sending a member to parliament. fore the wind, and may be pushed about It would appear, that anciently the town with poles. Cattle going unsuspectingly to was much greater than at present. Cause- feed upon it are liable to be carried on a ways and foundations of houses have been voyage round the lake. On another, but found some hundred yards from where the stationary island, stand the ruins of a castle, | is, town now stands. It however, much I the ancient residence of the Knights of improved of late, and the streets, which are I Lochow. The river Fillan runs into the well paved, may be called neat, and even lake at Killin. elegant. It is well situated for trade, but ' DOCHART, a river which issues from the as yet no particular branch of manufacture east end of loch Dochart, and running E. a- has been introduced. Dingwall contains 1 bout 8 miles through , joins nearly S00 inhabitants. Near the town < < the Lochay at Killin, when both falls into are the ruins of the ancient residence ofthe Loch Tay. | j Earls of Ross. It was built close to the DOLLAR, a parish in the county of Clack- shore, and almost surrounded by a rivulet, mannan. It consists chiefly of an exten- into which the tide flowed at high water. sive and gently sloping plain, beautifully Near the church is an obelisk, 57 feet high, interspersed with small villages, farm hous- though only 6 feet square at the base. It es, and enclosures; about 5 miles long, and POL 78

1 and a half in breadth. Besides the plain, • of an encampment or fortification, enclos-

it takes in a part of the Ochils, which are in ing about 4 acres of ground ; and on ano- general covered with a beautiful green, af- ther hill called the Kip is a cairn, on the top fording excellent pasturefor sheep. At the of which fires were anciently kindled to foot of the hills, and the greater part to the warn the country of invasion or predatory plain, the soil is light and gravelly, causing incursion. —Population 26S. a quick vegetation. On the banks of De- DON, a river in Aberdeenshire. It takes von, wluch nearly divides the parish into its rise in the mountains of Curgarff, and two equal parts, the ground is chiefly haugh, takes acourse nearlydue E.,beingaugment- with an intermixture of clay. The village ed by thebuckct and other tributary streams. of Dollar is very small and mean, situated At AU'ordit is joined by the Laschel, and on the road from Stirling to Kinross, from atlnerary, by the Ury, and falls into the which it is equi-distant about 12 miles. German ocean on the N. side of the old There is a finebleachfield on the banks of town of Aberdeen, about 2 miles from the the Devon, where the practice of Bleaching mouth of the river Dee. It abounds with with muriatic acid was early introduced. salmon, and the fishing of a small space of About a mile N. of the village is the ven- its banks, not more than 500 or 400 yards erable ruin of Castle-Campbell, anciently in length, has been known to rent at near- the occasional residence of the Argyle fa- ly L.2000 per annum. It is navigable to mily. It is situated on the top of a small small vessels up to the bridge, which was round hill, on each side of which is a deep thrown over it by Bishop Cheyne, in 1323, glen, watered by two streams, which unite on the high road from Aberdeen to the immediately below the castle. The castle northward. has been defended on the N. by a fosse and DOON, a lake and river of Ayrshire. draw -bridge. The keep, or tower, is still The lake is situated chiefly in the parish entire, and two apartments have been so of Straiton, and is about 7 miles in length. far repaired as to contain a family who re- On an island are the remains of an old cas- side here. This castle was taken by the tle, belonging to the Earl of Cassilis. The Marquis of Montrose, in 1641, and burnt; river issues from the N. W. end of the lake, the marks of the fire are still visible. The and, after a circuitous course of upwards place is surrounded by high hills of a som- of IS miles, falls into the Atlantic, 2 miles bre appearance, which is the reason why it S. from Ayr. Its banks are very beautiful. was formerly called the castle of Gloom, Both lake and river abound with trout and surrounded by the glen of Care, and the salmon. The river forms the N. E. boun- burn of Sorrow, and looking down on the dary of Carrick. town of darkness, for so the Gaelic names of DORES, a parish in Inverness- shire, si- the places are said to signify. No travel- tuated on the banks of Loch Ness, which ler of taste will ever regret bestowing a few bounds it on the W. side, extending 20 hours in visiting this ancient fabric. In the miles in length, and 3 in breadth. The parish of Dollar there are several coal- surface is mountainous, having a narrow works. Ironstone likewise abounds, and valley running nearly the whole length of there are several valuable freestone quar- the parish. The soil is light, but not much ries. A vein of lead was some years ago cultivated, the greater part of it being fit found near the town of Dollar. Silver has only for sheep pasture. Besides Loch Ness, been found in the glen of Care, near Castle- there are two or three smaller lakes which

Campbell ; and on the top of a hill, called abound with trout. Extensive plantations the White Wisp, beautiful agates are found. of fir ornament this district. Population Population 743. 1314. DOLLAR-BURN, a hill in the parish of DORNOCH, a parish in the county of Manor, county of Peebles, elevated 2840 Sutherland, extending 9 miles from E. to feet. W. along the coast of the frith of Dornoch, DOLPHINGTON, a parish in the county and from N. W. to S. about 15 measured of Lanark, extending about 5 miles from E. miles. The shores are flat and sandy, and to W. and 2 and a half from N. to S. The the lands contiguous in general level, but great road from Edinburgh to Lead-hillsby are gradually elevated as they approach the Biggar passes through it. The soil is for hilly districts towards the north. The soil the most part a light black mould, on a red is sandy, approaching to loam as it recedes clay bottom, inclining to till, which makes from the coast. The river E velicks, which it generally wet and the harvest late. On falls into the frith at the Meikle-ferry, af- the top of one of the hills are the remains fords a few salmon and trout. In the hilly ;

DOR D O U district there are 5 or 4 small lakes. Fal- so a draidical temple, an entrenchment, lowing of land is unknown, and the use of and a strong square tower on the estate of lime as a manure is but lately introduced. the Marquis of Annandale. The great road There are several quarries of whinestone, from Carlisle to passes through and one of excellent freestone, near the it. Population 788. town. Population of the town and parish DOUGLAS, a parish in Lanarkshire, a- 2681.—The BURGH of DORNOCH is si- bout 12 miles long, and from 4 to 7 broad. tuated on the N. coast of the frith of Dor- Along the banks of the river Douglas the noch, neariy opposite to the burgh of Tain, soil is good; farther up it becomes spouty •which lies on the S. side of the frith. The and wet, and the back grounds are -chiefly town is small and going fast to decay, al- a cold till. On the holms of the river are a

though it is the county town. It is govern- few arable farms ; but these bear a small ed by a provost, 4 bailies, a dean of guild, prcportion to what is laid out in sheep pas-

treasurer, and 8 councillors ; and along ture.—There is very little natural wood with Tain, Dingwall, Wick, and , but Lord Douglas has planted^ upwaids of unites in sending a member to parliament. 1200 acres with a variety of trees. The pa- Dornoch was formerly the seat of the Bi- rish abounds with coal, lime, and freestone; shop of Caithness, and the W. end of the many of the seams of coal are 7 feet in cathedral is still kept in repair as the pa- thickness, and will be inexhaustible for ma - rish church. It was erected in the 11th ny centuries. Besides the Douglas, the pa- century, and enlarged in 1280, burnt in rish is watered by three small streams. 1570, and repaired in 1650. The ruins of The VILLAGE of DOUGLAS is situated the bishop's castle, which appears to have nearly in the middle of the parish, and is been a stately and sumptuous edifice, still in a line of the great Glasgow roads from remain. Glasgow to England, and from Edinburgh DORNOCH FRITH, or the Frith ofTain, to Ayr. It lies 6 miles S. of Lesmahago. an arm of the sea which divides the south- It has a small manufacture of cotton, and em parts of Sutherland from the county of another cotton-work has been lately erected Ross. Its entrance is nearly 15 miles wide, in its vicinity. The old castle of Douglas

but gradually becomes narrower, till, about was burnt down about 60 years ago ; but 3 miles W. from the town of Dornoch, its part of the new castle has been built in

breadth is not more than 2 miles, \\ here the most elegant style. Population 1873. there is a ferry called the Meikle-ferry. Af- DOUGLAS, a river which takes its rise 9 ter this it becomes much wider, forming an miles above the village of Douglas, and inner harbour or bay, where another ferry falls into the Clyde about 7 miles below the is established, called the Little-ferry. At same village. this ferry is an excellent roadstead, where DOUGLASDALE, the name cfthe mid- vessels of considerable burden can lie at dle ward of Lanarkshire. Lord Douglas is anchor. Vessels of 500 tons are said to have the principal proprietor. water on this bar at spring tides. On the DOUNE, a small town in the parish of Sutherland coast, too, in calm weather, Kilmadock, Perthshire, 8 miles N. W. of vessels of small burden may lie in safety; Stirling. It is pleasantly situated on the but a formidable bar extends from this bank of Teith, near the confluence of the coast almost to the S. side of the frith, cal- Ardoch with that river. It consists of 5 led, from the incessant noise, the Gizzing streets uniting, in the centre of which a

Brings ; but vessels may enter with safety neat market cross was lately erected. The under the direction of a pilot. The shores town is plentifully supplied with springs of produce shell-fish, and the banks abound excellent soft water. The introduction of with cod and haddocks. the cotton manufacture has greatly contri- , a parish in the county ofDum- buted to the improvement of the town. fries. It is nearly a square of 2 and a half For some time past Doune has been noted miles, extending along the banks of the for excellent slaters. This town has also Solway Frith. The surface is remarkably- been long celebrated for the manufacture flat, and the soil loamy, upon a strong clay of Highland pistols, which art was introduc- bottom. The small river Kirtle runs through ed here in 1646. There are three great a part of it. The fishings in the Solway cattle markets in the year. —The old and Frith employ a great number of the inha- the new town of Doune contains (including bitants. A large peat-moss furnishes plen- the labourers at the Deanston cotton-works) ty of fuel. There are the remains of a Ro- upwards of 1 630 inhabitants. Towards the

man military road through the parish ; al- S. E. of the town, on a peninsula formed ;

DEE D R U

at the junction of the Teith and Ardoch, rish is arable. It is mostly inclosed, and stand the ruins of the castle of Boune. well sheltered by belts of planting. A con- Nature has pointed out this spot as a place siderable quantity of fine cheeses are made of strength. The castle is a huge square here. There is a coaliery in the W. end of building, the walls of which are 40 feet the parish, yielding annually 11,000 tons of high, and about 10 feet thick; what re- coal.—The VILLAGE of DREGHORN is mains of the tower is at least 80 feet in beautifully situated on the side of the An- height. It is quite uncertain when this cas- nock, 2 miles E. of Irvine, and 5 W. of

tle was built : the first mention of it in any Kilmarnock, and is well adapted for manu- record is Sir James Stuart of Eeath being factures, though none are at present car- made constable thereof, in the reign of ried on. Population 797. James V. hut as it was the family seat of DREINICH, a small island in Argyle- the Earls of Monteith, it is with great pro- shire, in Loch Linnhe. bability conjectured to have been built by DRON, a parish in Perthshire. It ex- one of that family about the 11th century. tends in length between 3 and 4 miles, and It is now the properly of the family of Stu- about 3 in breadth, stretching in a sloping art, giving the second title of Baron Doune direction from the Ochil hills to the vale of to the Earls of Moray. Stratherne. In many piacesthe faceof the , See DUNKELD. hills exhibit a broken and irregular surface, DOWALTON (LOCH,) in the county of roughened by projecting rocks, and over- Wigton, and parish of , is about 2 grown with furze ; but in other places there miles long, and 1 and a half broad. are considerable patches of com land on DOWNE-HILL, in the parish of Eden- the very tops of craggy precipices. Several sides of killie in Morrayshire ; a fortress of great small streams pour down the the antiquity. It is a conical shape, around a hills, and fall into the Earne. Several considerable part of which runs the rapid springs contain metallic substances in so- river of Divie, in a deep rocky channel lution. Freestone abounds, and the ap- and, where not defended by the river, it is pearances of coal are flattering. On the encircled by a deep ditch or fosse, with a southern descent of the hill, opposite to the strong rampart. church, stands a large mass ofwhinstone, DRAINY, a parish in the county of Mo- of an irregular figure, called The Rocking ray, is a peninsula formed by the Moray Stone of Dron ; it is about 1 feet in length frith and the loch of Spynie. It extends in and 7 in breadth. On a gentle pressure length about 4 miles, and from 2 to 5 in with the finger, it has a perceptible motion, breadth. The general appearance of the and the vibration continues for some mi- country is low and flat. Scarcely one half nutes after the pressure is removed. This of the surface is arable, the greater part be- with similar stones in different parts of ing barren moor ground, covered with heath Scotland, is conjectured to have been used and coarse grass. The land under cultiva- by the Druids in the superstitious ceremo- nies of former times. Population 499. tion is fertile . It is watered by the river Lossie, at the mouth of which a fishing nil- DRUMLADE, a parishin Aberdeenshire, lage is built, called Lossie-mouth. There from 5 to 6 miles in length, and from 4 to are 2 small eminences, which are quarried 5 in breadth. The surface is composed of for the excellent freestone of which they small hills and vallies. Some of the for- are composed. Near Cansea, a small fish- mer are covered with firs, but by far the late- ing village in the parish, the shore is bold, greater part is uninclosed. There has having an uninterrupted mass offreestone. ly been discovered a fine species of clay Population 911. marl, which promises to be of considerable DREGHORN, a parish in the district of service in improving the land. There is Cunningham, Ayrshire, hounded on the W. plenty of coarselimestone, freestone, whin- N. W. and N. by the water of Annock. It stone, and some slate. There are three tu- extends nearly 9 miles in length, and varies muli, near one of which are the remains of Robert from 1 to 3 in breadth. The surface is le- an encampment of King Bruce, af- vel, having a gentle declivity from the east- ter he had defeated Cummine Earl of Bade- ern limits to the sea. The upper and mid- noch. Population 7S0. dle parts of the parish have a deep clay soil, DKUMLANRIG, a small village in the which towards the sea becomes intermixed parish of , Dumfries-shire, situat- the Nith, about 15 miles N. W. of with sand and gravel ; the holms on the ed upon banks of the Annock and Irvine are a fine Dumfries, ornamented by a noble seat of deep loam. Almost the whole of the pa- the Duke of Queensberry ; it is nearly a D B Y D U P square, and adorned attha top with I2tur- 261 feet, I] and a half feet at each end, and reU. 5 in the centre In breadth. DRUMMTHIK, a considerable manu- DRYFF, a river in Dumfries-shire, which facturing village in Kincardineshire, in the Ices its rise in the northern district of the parish of , on the road from Lau- irish of Hultoi), and, after a course direct- rencekirk to Stonehaven. ly S. of about 11 miles, empties itself into DRUMMELZIER, a parish in Peebles- the Annan, about midway between Lock- shire. It is about Smiles in breadth, and 12 ;rbie and Lochmaben. miles in length, chiefly on the banks of the , or DRVSDALE, a pa- Tweed. The surface is beautifully varied -ishin the centre of the district of Annan- with hills, rivulets, and plains, and the soil dale, Dumfries.shire. It extends about 7 is of a fertile sandy loam. In the church- miles in length from N. to S., and varies in yard is pointed out the burial place of the breadth from 1 to 6 ; containing 15 and a celebrated The VILLAGE OF half square miles. The southern parts are I

DRUMMELZIER is pleasantly situated generally flat and well cultivated ; but the on the banks of the Tweed. Population upper or northern parts are hilly, and chief-

iWZ. ly appropriated for sheep pasture. It i» DRUMMOCHY, a village Immediately watered by the Annan, the Dryfe.Jlie Milk, adjoining Nether Largo, at which there is and the Currie, all of which abound with

flax spinning mill. trout and salmon. There are ." or I a | small DRUMMOND, a village in Ross-shire, lakes, which afford abundance of excellent in the parish of Kiltearn, seated on a level marl. The town of is situated field near the river Skiack. It is increas- on the banks of the Dryfe, in this parish. ing rapidly in extent and population. It is From the top of White-wynd, or While- situated on the post road from Dingwall woollen-hill, the only eminence in the pa- to Novar Inn. rish, is an extensive prospect of the Sol- DRDMNADIAL, a high mountain in In- ray Frith and the English border. W.hiir- verness-shire, on the S. side of Loch Lochy- stoneis quarried near the town of Locker- , a parish partly in Aber- bie, and there is great abundance of lime- deenshire, partly in Kincardine, in extent stone. It contains a great number of Ro- about 4 miles and 2 broad. The surface is il and British encampments, and ves- hilly, a great part being only fit for sheep tiges of many old castles and strong towers. pasture. The arable soil produces only- The great Roman road can he distinctly spare crops of barley and oats. The tower traced near the town of Lockerbie, and ori of Drum is a very ancient edifice. Popula- the other side of the Dryfe. Population tion 6 28. 1H93. DROMSTURDY MUIR, a small village DRYMEN, a parish in the county of in the parish of Monifieth, Angus-shire. It Stirling. The utmost length of the inhabi- contains about MO inhabitants. ted part is 15 miles, but the moors extend

DRUMUACHDER, a high hill about 3 much farther; the greatest breidth is '.» miles N.from the castle of Blair in A thole. miles. In some places, the country is rug-

DRYBURGH, a small village on the ged and mountainous ; in others, flat and banks of the Tweed, in the parish of Mer- level ; but for the most part, it is an irregu- ton, Berwickshire, where are the re- lar slope, intersected by a number of small mains of an ancient abbey, founded by rapid streams, of which the Duchray, the Hugh MoreviHe, constable of Scotland in Enrick, and the Forth, are the chief. Near the reign of King David I. The fine the church is the village of Drymen. Pp- ruins of the abbey are the property of the pulation 1500. Earl of Buchan, whose elegant seat, cal- DUBIESIDE, a village in the parish of led , is in the immediate Markinch, Fifeshire,,on the Frith ofForth,

neighbourhood ; and at whose expense is at the mouth of the Leveu. Population just finished a chain bridge over the T weed. 200. The appearance of this bridge is uncom- DUCHRAY, a rivor in Stirlingshire, monly light and elegant, and, connected which joins the Forth nearly opposite to with the fine scenery of Dryburgh, it is the church of Abnrfoyle. beautiful and Interesting. It consists of a DUDDINGSTON, a parish in the coun- platform of wood, supported by chains sus ty of Edinburgh, bounded on the N. by the pended from pillars on each side of the Forth. It extendsfromthefoot of Arthur's

liver, at the height of 18 feet, and has no Seat, about 1 miles in length, gradually in-

suppsrt under it ; the extreme length is creasing in breadth to the eastern extremi- L , .

DUF D U M iy, which is nearly 2 miles hroad. There castle~of~01d "buffus.—ThfTviLLAGE of is not a more highly cultivated spot in Scot- DUFFUS is regularly built, having a land. It contains the villages of Easter square, with a church in the centre, and and Wester Duddingston, Portobello, and four streets leading to it, regularly paved. Brickfield. Salt has been long manufac- Population 3623. tured in this parish; from six pans, 18,000 DUIRNISH, a parish in Inverness-shire, bushels of saltare annually delivered. Coal in the isle of Skye, about 2.3 miles long, and abounds every-where; the quality is in ge- 13 broad. The extent of-sea coast is about neral excellent, and procures a ready mar- 80 miles, the district being intersected by ket in the metropolis. Clay is found near large arms of the sea, the chief of which ,?re the village of Brick-field, of so pure a kind, Loch Bay, Loch Pottech, Loch Dunvegan, that it has been made into crucibles capa- and Loch Harlosh. The promontories or

ble of resisting a great degree of heat ; and headlands are exceedingly high and rocky. from its excellence, a manufacture of stone- The shores afford annually about 100 tons ware has been set on foot there. Near the of kelp. The whole parish affords excel- limestone strata, curious and rare petrifac- lent pasture, and there are many fertile tions of plants and trees have been found. arable spots on the coast. The remains of Marl abounds in Duddingston Loch, and is ancient fortifications, similar to those in occasionally wrought. The botanist, in other parts of the Hebrides, axe to be seen this district, will find great scope for the on almost every headland ofthe parish. Po- gratification of his taste; the base of Ar- pulation 3561. thur's Seat, and borders of Duddingston DULL, an extensive Highland parish in Loch, contain many rare and curious plants. Perthshire, about 30 miles in length, and Population 1553.--The VILLAGE of DUD- 12 in breadth. It is divided into five disr DINGSTON is situated at the foot of Ar- tricts, one of which, Appin, is an open flat

thur's Seat, and surrounded by the loch of haugh on the banks ofthe Tay ; the rest of that name on the S. and W. sides. Its si- the parish exhibits a mountainous appear- tuation is charming, and the prospect de- ance, Interspersed, however, with many lightful, though notextensive. The church tracts of rich arable ground. There are 15 is an ancient neat fabric. It has a few lakes in the parish, all of which abound good modern houses, as villas for such as with trout, pike and eel. Of these Loch choose to retire herefrom Edinburgh dur- Tummel is the most considerable. The ing the summer season.—EASTER DUD- rivers Tay and Tummel run through the

DINGSTON is two miles distantfrom this ; district. Sheep-farming is chiefly attend- it is inhabited chiefly by Colliers. ed to. Fuel is exceedingly scarce, as the DUFFUS, a parish in the county of Mo- are bad and at a great distance, and ray, bounded on the W. and N. by the Mo- no coal has yet been discovered. The mi-

ray Frith ; 6 miles in length, and from 2 litary road from Stirling to Inverness pas- to 3 in breadth. Except a small rising ses through the whole length of the parish.

ground in the middle of the parish, it is a It contains many Druidical temples, and a. continued plain, which is every where ara- number of castles, or watch-towers. Po-

ble. Along the coast there is a. san dy plain pulation 432.9.

of half a mile in breadth, . covered with a DULNAN, a river of Inverness-shire, meagre, green, benty pasture. The rest is which, after watering the extensive parish a fertile clay soil, capable of producing any of Duthil, falls into the Spey, opposite the sort of grain. Agriculture is now attend- kirk of Abernethy. ed to, and the country is assuming an im- DUMBARNY, a parish of Strathearne proving aspect. The fishing village of in Perthshire. It extends 4 miles in length,

Burgh-headis situated on the coast. On and 3 in breadth ; takes in the most beau- the S. and W. boundaries, there are many tiful part of the strath, and is enclosed, as acres of thriving plantations. Along the it were, on all sides, having the Ochils on coast arequarries of limestone, a treasure the S. the hill of Mordun .or Moncrief on in agriculture which is unfortunately lock- the N., and is bounded on the VV. by rising ed up for want of fuel. There is an obe- grounds, intersected by the river Earne in lisk near the small village of Kairn, said to its various windings. The grounds are e- have been erected on account of the vic- very where covered with plantations, ave- tory gained by Malcolm II. over the Danish nues, and hedgerows. The view from the

general Camus ; and on the N. W. border top of the hill of Moncrieff is so grand, ex- of the lake of Spynie, on an av( ificial tensive, and various, that Mr Pennant has pound, are still standing the walls of the given it the name of " the glory of Scot- ;

1) U M ; D U M land." The soil Varies from clay to a loam vince of Valentia. Dumfries-shirecontains ami light sand, hut is in general very fer- many elegant seats, of which Drumlanrig tile. There is a small village at the bridge is the chief. Few countiejin Scotland pos- of Earne, which, from its situation, pro- sesses more valuable minerals. The hills mises to become considerable. Pitcaithly, which border with contain 30 famous for its mineral waters, is in the mines rich in silver. The veins of Wan- parish.— Population 1037. lockhead vary from a few inches to 15 feet,

' DOMBENAN, a parish in Aberdeen- the ore yield from 74 to 80 per cent . Silver shire, lately united to that of Huntly. (q. v.) is extracted' from the lead in the propor- DUMFRIES-SHIRE, is bounded on the tion offro-.n C tol2ouncesintheton. Wan- N. by Lanarkshire, on the E. by the coun- lockhead produces about 1000 tons annual- ties of Peebles, Selkirk, and Roxburgh, on ly, worth L.20 per ton. Gold is found in the S. by the Solway Frith and the mar- these mountains, in veins of quartz, or ches of England, and on the W. by the washed down into the sand of the rivulets, stewartry of Kirkcudbright and the county which from the heaps remaining on their of Ayr. It extends in length from N. W. banks, appear to have been formerly search- to S. E. about 60 miles, and is about 30 ed with great care. There is a mine of an- at its greatest breadth, containing 100G timony at Glendinning, the only one in square miles. It contains four royal burghs, Britain, From 1793 to 179S, it produced Dumfries, Sanquhar, Annan, and Lochma- 100 tons of the regulus of antimony, worth ben, several small towns and villages, and L.S4 per ton. Coal and limestone are found is divided into 42 parochial districts, con- in most parishes, and excellent freestone is taining 62,960 inhabitants. It compre- also abundant.^ In the parishes of Pen- hends 3 districts or stewartries, viz. An- pont, Kirkmichael, and Canoby, are indica- nandale, Eskdale.and Nithsdale. A great tions of iron; in Langholm, copper is part of the country is mountainous, over- wrought. Besides the mineral springs of spread with heath, and well stocked with and Hartfell Spaw, there are a great game; but the valleys, through which the many wells which contain mineral impreg- Esk, the Annan, the Nith, and other rivers nations. The rivers abound with trout and run, are fertile and pleasant. The highest salmon, and on the snores of the Solway mountains border with Lanarkshire and Frith, the polypus is frequently found. The Peebleshire. These are of great extent, valued rent of Dumfries-shire is L.15S;627, forming a waving ridge across the countiy, 10s. Scots, and the real rent may be esti- from the one coast to the other. These mated about L. 109,700 Sterling. "hills afford pasture to innumerable flocks DUMFRIES, a parish in the above coun- of sheep and black cattle, many thousands ty in the district of Nithsdale, 6 miles in of Which are annually sentto England. De- length, and from 2 to 3 in breadth, lying scending into the vales, the surfacebecomes on the E. bank of the Nith. It contains 15 more agreeable, and the country is in a square miles. The tract of country may be

high state of cultivation : its face is diversi- considered as an extensive vale, spreading fied with lofty swelling knolls, level mea- from the N. W. towards the Solway Frith. dows, gentlemen's seats, farm houses, cot- Near the confines, on the N. E. lies Lochar tages, open lawns, and wooded eminences moss, an extensive morass, intersected by the greater part is enclosed with hedgerows Lochar water. It is a dead flat, extending

or stone walls, and the produce in wheat, to the Solway Frith, 10 miles in length ; oats, and barley, is farmore than sufficient and appears to have been once an inlet for the consumpt of the inhabitants. In from that arm of the sea, for a stratum of this county the use of lime as a manure has sea sand is found at a certain depth, and been of the most material advantage, and pieces of vessels and anchors have been has turned the attention of the farmer more dug up. The improvements in agriculture

to agriculture than to pasturage. Much of late years have been very great ; and of the land which was formerly waste and several plantations of oak, elm, and other unprofitable, has of late years assumed a trees, have been lately laid out. Around verdant and fruitful appearance. In an- the town are numerous enclosures, sur- cient times, Dumfries-shire was inhabited rounded with trees. In the middle of by the , a tribe of the Cumbri, the Lochar moss is a strong chalybeate spring,

most ancient inhabitants of the middle and called Crichton's well ; and, about a mile southern parts of the island. They were E. of the town, is a craig or rock, curiously found by the Romans in this part of the hollowed, known by the name of the Maid» country, when they established the pro- enbbwer Craig. Population 9262. ;

UUM 8 D U N

DUMFRIES, a royal burgb, and the musements. They have a well attended county town of the shire, is distant 26 miles theatre, and regular assemblies. The a- N. E. of Kirkcudbright, and 75 S. W. of musements of the town, the advantages Edinburgh. Itis situated on the left bank which its excellent schools afford for edu- of the river Nith, about Smiles above where cation, and Its convenient and healthy si- it discharges itself into the Solway Frith. tuation, invite many of the inferior gentry In the 12th century, it was a place of some from the neighbouring counties, to spend consideration. It was in the church of this in it a great part of the year. The Dum- town, that Robert Bruce killed the traitor fries and tiall.iw.iy hunt meet here annu- Cumiue, who bad betrayed his secrets to ally, and the Caledonian hunt occasionally. the English. A bridgeoverthe Nith, some King James presented to the trades of Dum- religious houses, and a castle, with the fish- fries a small silver tube, like a pistol bar-

ings of the river, contributed to form it in- rel, called the silver gun, with his royal li- to a town- While England and Scotland cense to shoot for it eTery year. At that were separate kingdoms, Dumfries was a festival they are mustered in bands, under place of strength, where the Scots border- the colours oftheir respective corporations, ers retired from the hostile incursions of and the day concludes with a social enter- the English. Since the beginning of the tainment. Dumfries gives the title of Earl last century, it has made gradual advances to the chief of the family of Crichton. la in wealth and population. The principal the N. W. comer of the church-yaid is in- street extends full three quarters of a mile, terred the celebrated Robert Burns, to The whole length of the town, in a direction whose memory there is now erected a splen- parallel to the Nith. Towards the middle did monument. Population 7120. of the town it is nearly 100 feet in width. DUN, a parish in the county of Angus. It Besides this, there are 8 other streets, with is situated on the road from Brechin to Mon- bye-lanes, making the breadth of the town trose, from which towns it is nearly equi- from a quarter to a third of a mile. Dum- distant. Its extent in length and breadth fries has two handsome churches, with is about 4 miles.—The surface is level, and spires ^ind clocks, a large Catholic, an Epis- the soil rich and fertile. The river South- copal, -a. Relief, a United Secession, a Me- esk runs through it, over which there is a thodist, and a Missionary meeting-house. It handsome bridge of three arches, erected has a tine town-house and guild-ball, a new in the year 17S7. Population 6H0. prison on an improved plan, an infirmary, DUNAN POINT, a promontory ou the arid house of correction. Here are two S. VV. coast of the isre of Skye. bridges-over the Nith. The lower consists DUNBAR, a parish in "the county of of 9 arches, and is said to be 500 years old Haddington, extending 9 miles along the the other is an elegant structure, erected a coast, and a medksm nearly 2 miles in lew years ago. The industry of the place breadth. The face of the country is very isemployed chiefly for the accommodation pleasant, rising gradually from the coast, of the inhabitants and the circumjacent which is generally low and sandy. The country. It possesses no considerable ma- soil is rich and fertile, partly a deep loam, nufacture, nor extensive commercial tran- partly clay, and partly a light motsld. Most sactions, though almost every branch of of the fields are enclosed with stone dikes mechanical and commercial industry is or thorn hedges. The farmers are generally practised. On the other side of the Nith is opulent and respectable, and are always, a large village called Bridgend, which is ready to adopt any plan which tends to im- connected with the town by two bridges. provements. The parish is watered by two Dumfries is governed by a provost, 3 bailies, small rivers, the Tyne and the Biel, which a dean of guild, a treasurer, and la mer- fall into the sea near the town. Besides chants and 7 trades councillors; and joins the town and its suburbs Belhaven, there with Lochmaben, Annan, Sanquhar, and are two considerable villages, West Bams, Kirkcudbright, in sending a member to and East Bams. There is plenty of lime- parliament. Its revenue is about L.1C00 stone in theparish. On the shore peetiles annually. The Circuit Court of Justiciary are frequently found, and near the harbour for the county of Dumfries and the Stew- is a fine specimen of martial jasper, which artry of Kirkcudbright is held in the town takes a very fine polish. Here are frequent- twice a year. Dumfries is perhaps a place ly found those beautiful specimens ofgeodes of higher gaiety and elegance than any or septaria, (iron ore,) generally termed the other town of its size in Scotland. The geodes of Dunbar. Population of the town •citizen* of Dumfries are fond of polite a- and parish 3982.-- The BURGH OF DU N- ;

DUN 85 _V U N

BAR is 27 miles E. from Edinbuigh, and well fled, leaving the unfortunate Mary in the same distance N. W. from Berwick. the hands of the associated lords at Car- It stands on a gentle eminence at the bot- berry-hill. It was demolished by order of tom ofthe bay on a dry soil.—The princi the Scottish parliament. pal street is broad and spacious, contain- DUNBARTONSHIRE, (or, as it was an- ing a number of well built houses. It has ciently called, the shire of Lennox,) extends no public buildings worth notice, excepting in length about 40 miles, and in breadth the church, which is an ancient fabric at 12. Itis bounded on the N.by Perthshire, the E. end of the town, founded in 1392. on the E. by the counties of Stirling and The town is well supplied with tine water Lanark, on the S. by the river Clyde and brought two miles in pipes. Dunbar was Renfrewshire, and on the W. by an arm of erected into a royal buvgh by David II. the sua called . It contains 280 sometime about the middle of the 14th square miles, or 1 16,000 acres. The great- century. It is governed by a provost, 3 er part ofthe county is covered with heathy bailies, a treasurer, and 15 councillors, and hills, which are now assuming a more lux- joins with Haddington, N. Berwick, Jed- uriant appearance since the introduction burgh, and Lauder, in sending a Member of sheep. Many of the mountains are ele- to Parliament. Its revenue amounts to vated to a great height. The ridge of L. 1000 per annum, arising from shore-dues, which Benlomond is a part, is the begin- customs, and other casualities—The har- ning of that extensive range which crosses bour was originally of Belhaven, which is the country from this place to the E. coast within the royalty, although nearly a mile of Aberdeenshire, called the Grampians. W. of the town. The E. pier of the present The lower grounds, which lie on the banks harbour was begun under Cromwell, who of Loch Lomond, the Clyde, and the Le- contributed L.300 towards the expense. ven, are not so fertile as the corresponding Another pier on the W. has been built since, parts of some of the neighbouring coun- and many improvements executed. It is ties, notwithstanding which, it is agreeably small, and the entrance very difficult, as it diversitied, and inhabited. The banks of is amongst rocks, and cannot be taken in the Leven, in particular, are covered with bad weather. It has a dry dock, and ship- numerous , printfields, and cot- building is carried on to some extent. It ton. works, with villages erected for the ac- is defended by a small fort of 12 guns, but commodation of the workmen, hamlets, and its own situation is the surest defence. elegant seats. Upwards of 12,000 .acres Dunbar carries on but little trade at pre- are covered with natural wood, and there sent, except the exportation ofcorn and the are many line lakes or lochs, of which Loch importation of kelp for the manufacture of Lomond is the chief. Dunbaitonsliire con- soap. It has a few fishing boats, and is tains only one royal burgh, and several the seat of a custom house. A little to the thriving villages ; itis divided into 12 pa- W. of the harbour are the ruins of the cas- rishes, which contain 21,729 inhabitants. tle, situated partly on the land, and partly Dunbartonshire contains few valuable mi- on rocks surrounded by the sea —The date nerals. Freestone and slate are abundant of its erection is unknown. On that side and in some places limestone, ironstone, surrounded by the sea, part of a high wall and coal, are found. Many of the moun- remains, in which is a much tains are apparently volcanic, in particular injured, which appears to have been plac- the rock on which the castle is built. The ed over the door of a hall or chapel manufactures carried on in this country The whole is, however, in so ruinous a are very extensive. The valued rents of state, that no adequate idea can be formed Dunbartonshire is L.33,327 Scots, and the of its former state. Before the use of ar- land rent is about L.56,000 Sterling. tillery it was deemed impregnable, and DUNBARTON, a parish in the above was always a place of great national county, is nearly circular, having a diarne-"" importance, being looked upon as the ter of about 2 miles and a half. The sur- key of the kingdom on the E. border. It face is flat, and the ground well cultivated. has sustained many sieges. In 1337 it was The Clyde washes it on the S. and the Le- roost gallantly defended by the countess of ven on the W. The castle of Dunbarton March for 19 weeks, against the English un- is situated at a small distance from the der the Earl of Salisbury, who was obliged town, on the point of land formed by the to raise the siege in disgrace. In it Ed- junction of the Clyde and Leven. It stands ward II. took refuge, after his defeat at on the top of a rock, which divides about

Bannockburn ; here also the Earl of Both- the middle, and forms two summits. The ;

DUN > D-U--N-

sides are craggy, and the buildings upon all the drowned land they should thus re- it, though not very fine, have a good effect. cover. At nearly the W. end of the town, The venerable Bede inforriis us, that it was there is a fine bridge, and the only- one over the strongest fortification' in the kingdom the Leven, consisting of 5 arches, the larg- in his time, and deemed almost impregna- est of which is 62 feet span. It is 25 feet te. It was reduced by famine in the year above low water mark, and 300 feet long. 756, by Egbert, king of , Dunbarton has a good harbour, with a com- and taken by escalade on the 2d April, in modious quay, and carries on a considera-

the year 157 1. The'rock sterns to havebeen ble trade ; but the entrance is much ob- anciently a volcano. The sides are com- structed by a ledge of rocks. A number of posed of rude basaltic columns, df which looms are here employed by the Glasgow huge masses havebeen broken off, and fal- manufacturers in the weaving of cotton

len to the bottom by the injuries of time. manufacture ; but the chief business of the Many parts of the rock are strongly magne- town is the glass works. Two tan- works of tic, causing the compass to vary at a con- no great extent, and some other business of

siderable distance.' i The plant, generally small import.constitute the rest ofits trade. supposed the true Scots thistle, is found It has a respectable grammar school, and here in great abundance. The castle of; one for mathematics,and accounts. Dunbarton, is one of the 4 forts which are DUNBE ATM, ariver of Caithness, which kept in repair by the articles of Union. It rims into the German Ocean, 8 miles N. is garrisoned by a governor, lieutenant-go- E. oftheOrd. ' "vernor, a fort-major, subaltern officers', and DUNBLANE, a parish in Perthshire, in brie company of invalids. Population of the district of M oriteith. It extends about the town and parish 27l OO.--tThe BURGH 9 miles in length and 6 in breadth. The of DUNBARTON, the county town of the ground in general has a gradual declivity

shire, lies 15mi!es W . of Glasgow* Itissi-j from the surrounding hills to the river Al- iuated on a peninsula, almost surrounded lan, which runs through the parish. Up- by the Lewn, about half u mileabove lis wards'of one-halfof the parish is moorland. junction with the Clyde. It is a very an- The arable land lies principally on the banks cient place; and supposed to be the Alcuid- of the Allan, and the Ardoch, which run or Balclutha of the Britons, and capital of! along thewestern border. Thereisagreat the Stralhclydeneses'. It was erected into' extent of natural wood, and several plan-

a royal burgh by Alexander II. in the year; tations of •fir. There are several pits of ex- 1221, and its ancient privileges confirmed cellent marl, and lime and coal are distant by a charter of Novodamus from" James about 8 or 10 miles. A mineral spring VI. in 1609. By this charter it possesses a has been lately discovered, which is much rbmmon of some miles 'extent, and " a resorted to by invalids. Dunblane is a right to fish in Leven, from Balloch to the peerage, by the title of Viscount, in the •castle," and " to the haill fishing in Clyde, iperson of the Duke of Leeds. Population from Kelvin to Loch Long." It is govern- of the town and parish 2755. The TOWN ed by a provost, 2 bailies, a dean of' guild, of DUNBLANE is C miles N. from Stirling. treasurer, and 15 councillors, and has 5 It is pleasantly situated on the banks of the incorporated trades. It joins with'Ken- river Allan, on a gently rising ground, and frcw, Glasgow, and , in sending consists of one street, with some lanes. It a member to parliament. The revenue is was first a cell of the Culdees, and after- about L.600 per annum. Dunbarton con-; wards erected into a bishopric by David I. sists principally of one street, and a few The cathedral, which overlooks the town, lanes or wynds, with pretty large suburbs: is on the E. bank of the Allan, and -was on the W. side of the Leven, in the parish founded by that monarch in 1142; the

ofCardross. • At nearly the E. end :of the' steeple or tower i»a more modern build- town, fronting the street, a handsome new ing, detached from the church. The choir church with a fine spire and clock, has been is kept in repair, and used as the parish built within these few years. The town church. Dr. Leighton, who was made Bi-

house is a mean fabric. ' This town suf- shop of the see- in 1662, and afterwards fered greatly from an inundation of the ri- Archbishop of Glasgow, bequeathed his vers Clyde and Leven; 'Some time- prior to library for the use of the clergy of the dio-

1607 ; for in that year -the king and parlia- cese of Dunblane, with a small fund for its ment granted to Dunbarton 57*000 merks support; since that time it has received Scots for raising bul-riarks to resist the in- many additions, and is now a good collec- undations of the two rivers, with a right to tion. Dunblane has a tolbooth, in which ;

floor contains the sherilf and justice of, peace courts are pied witlxshops, and the upper d a large held for the district of Monteith, and the a room for each- incorporation, $. n commissary court for the bounds of the hall for general meetings, which is occu-

• coriee-ropm. At the • as a, subscription diocese., • **m pied spacious ,a,parishin Fifeshire, bound- S. E. corner of the: square, a fine the ed on the N. by the Tay. It lies in a valley street, called Castle-street, opens to elegant Episco- between two-hills, having an extensive bog harbour. In this street an have or morass, from -which it, takes its. name. pal.chapel, and a fine new theatre, cold, but distance W. The grouud is in general wet and been lately built. A small for church, in the greater part is arable, and proper from the great square is the old the culture of wheat. The extent of. the which were originally four places of. wor- half in steeple parish is from 3 to 3 miles and a ship, with a large Gothic tower or length, and about two in breadth. Popu- 156 feet high, at the W. end of the church. erected by David lation 1S5. ,. .,• It is said to have been DUNCHONNEL.a small island of the Earl of in 11S9. On an emi- ' Hebrides, in Argyleshire, 3 miles N; W- ot nence near the street called the Cowgate, Jura. '"•.' the trades, in conjunction with the kirk DUNCOVV, a village in Dumfries-shire,,in session, have built St. Andrew's churph. £he parish of . Population 200. Dundee has also a Sailors' hall, which was DUNDEE, a parish. in the county of An- often used for assemblies and as, a theatre, gus, 6 miles in length from E. \V. along before the new one was built. An infirma- the banks.of theTay, jts breadth varying ry has lately been built for the reception of from 1 to 4. It is bounded on the S. by the indigentsick; and many years ago a dis- Tay. The soil is in general uneven, but pensary was established under the patron- many places are abundantly fertile. The age of Lord Douglas. This charity is now Law, or hill of Dundee, is situated on the N. united to the infirmary, where the poor re- side of the town, rising in a conical shape ceive medicines gratuitously, by presenting to the height of 52 5 feet.- On its summit a recipe from the attendant physician. A are the distinct vestiges of a fortification, spirit for literature and education mani- which tradition ascribes to Edward I. On fests itself in Dundee; for besides the pub- the lands of Balgray are large rocks of por- lic, grammar-school, and the English school, phyry... There are several quarries of sand- there is an established academy for mathe- stone, of very hard texture, but the principal matics, the French and Italian languages, s,ton,e used in building is brought .from the and the polite arts, .with proper professors Kingoodie quarry,, in the parish- of £on- in the different branches, and a large ap- the shores of fur-gan. . : Along. the Tay, paratus for natural and experimental phi- Scots Pebbles are found in great variety. losophy. Most of the streets of Dundee are Population of the town and parish 29,61 6. neat, and the houses well built. The Ne- -r-The BURGH of DUNDEE lies 42 miles thergate and Overgate run tothe westward Edinburgh. It is seated the from Murraygate N. E. from ; on. the square, and the and bank of the river Tay, about 12 miles from Seagate to the eastward; the new streets its mouth. It is a. large and well built are more spacious and elegant. The har- town, consisting of four principal streets, bour is advantageously situated for trade, diverging from the market-place or High admitting easily trading vessels of the

Street, which is a spacious square, SCO greatest burden ; 154 vessels belong to the long, by 100 feet broad,, besides several port, employing nearly 1300 seamen; of lesser streets. On, the S. side of this square these vessels H are employed in the Green-

stands the town-house,, an elegant struc- land fi sheries, and 1 1 in the London trade, ture, with a handsome front, adorned with one of which sails every three or four days piazzas, and a spire 140 feet high. This the remainder are employed in the Baltic building, which was finished in 1734, con- and foreign trade, making a total of 15,000 tains the guild-hall, the courtroom, town- tons. Theharbour has lately been improv- clerk's office, with vaulted repositories for ed and enlarged, so as to render it of easy

the town records, and apartments for the access and commodious ; and at present a Dundee Banking Company's office. The wet dock is now finished, and further im-

prison occupies the .upper storey ; the rooms provements going on, on an extensive scale, are well aired and commodious, and at the which will add great facilities to trade. same.timeperfectly secure. At the E. end The Tay opposite to Dundee is about 2 and of the square the trades have erected an e- a half miles broad, and, being sheltered bv legant hall, with a front of Ionic pilasters, the high land on each side, affords a safe

and a neat cupola : the under floor is occu- road-stead to vessels of any burden, where DUN t DUN they may lie at anchor till the tide admits DUNDELCHACK(LOCH), a lake in the them into the harhour. The principal parish of Daviot, in the county of Inver- manufacture is linen of various kinds, Os- ness. It is about 6 miles long, and 1 and naburghs and other coarse linens for foreign a half broad, containing abundance of the markets. Besides these, a considerable finest trout. It is remarkable that it ne- -quantity of sackcloth and cotton bagging is verfreezesin winter, but very readily in annually made for exportation. Several spring, by one night's frost, in calm wea- cotton-works have been attempted, but ther. It pours its waters by a small stream have not been successful. The Dundee co- into the river Nairn. loured threads have been long in high re- DUNDONALD, a parish in the county pute. It was here that manufacture was of Ayr. It extends from the harbour of Ir- first established. A Sugar-house was esta- vine about S miles along the sea coast. The blished some time ago, and is now carried surface is varied, being divided into a high- on to good account. The great trade of er and lower district by the Claven hills, Dundee has given rise to two private bank- which run through it directly N. and S. ing companies, besides a branch of the bank The higher district, being inland, is gener- of Scotland. Dundee was erected into a ally of a fertile clay, inclining in some pla- royal burgh by King William ; but as all the ces to loam, consisting of gentle eminences, records and evidences of its ancient rights and adorned with clumps and belts of plan- were destroyed or carried off by Edward [. ting. Below is a wide plain, extending to Robert Bruce gave to the town an infeft- the coast, sandy and uncultivated. The -ment and charter, granting " to the bur- Claven heights are many of them arable, gesses, their heirs and successors for ever, and all afford excellent pasture. On the all the liberties and rights of which they tops are many vestiges of encampments. were possessed in the time of Lord William, The Troone is in this parish. Opposite to -King of Scots." These rights were finally the village and castle is a beautiful bank of confirmed by the great charter from Charles wood, surrounding the house of Auchans, 1. The town is governed by a provost, 4 a seat of the Earl of Eglintoun. Coal a- bailies, a dean of guild, a treasurer, and 1.5 bounds in every part of the parish, of which

councillors ; and joins with Forfar, St An- a great quantity is annually exported. Po- drews, Cupar, and Perth, in sending a pulation 1610.- The VILLAGE of DUN- member to parliament. Its revenues a- DONALD is about 3 and a half miles S. of mount to L.4000. In ancient times Dun- Irvine, situated at the N. W. edge of Cla- dee was strongly fortified, and some re- ven hills. It is a thriving place, having an mains of its old fortifications at the Cow- extensive cotton manufacture. Near it is gate port, which is still kept up in respect the ancient and royal castle of Dundonald, forthe memory of Mr Wishart, who preach- from which the noble family of Cochrane ed from it to the people in the time of a take the title of Earl. plague. It had an old castle, which was DUNDROICH, or " Druids hill," a demolished by Sir William Wallace, who mountain in the parish of Eddlestown, Pee - ordered it to be destroyed, lest it should a- bles-shire, '2400 feet in height. gain fall into the hands of the English. , a high hill, a mile N. of This circumstance so exasperated Edward Burntisland. It is remarkable for a small

I., that, taking the town by storm, he set lake upon its summit, which is never dry ; fire to it, and many of the inhabitants who supposed to be the crater of an extinguish- hid taken refuge in the churches were ed volcano. On the N. side it is steep, rug- burnt, along with their most valuable ef- ged, and frightful, from the projection of fects. It was again taken and burnt by the stones, and the immense quantity of Hichard II. and again by the English in rubbish which has fallen down. the days of Edward VI. It suffered great- DUNEATON, a small river in the parish ly during the troubles of Charles II., and of Crawfordjohn, which has its rise in Cam- Cromwell, being sometimes under one table hill, and falls into the Clyde a mile master, and sometimes another. It was above .

taken by storm by the Marquis of Montrose : DUNFERMLINE, a parish in Fifeshire, •and the last and most destructive siege of an irregular figure, the average length was, when taken by assault, and complete- of which is about 8 miles from N. to S. ly pillaged by General Monk. At this The surface slopes gradually to the sea, the time, so great were the riches of Dundee, soil varying from a gravel to a rich loam a3 that every soldier in Monk's army had L.60 we approach the coast, which ispartlyflat, Sterling of plunder to his share. and partly high and rocky. It possesses two |

DUN DUN harbours, Charlestown and Limekilns. The built on an isolated hill, in a valley near rivulet Lyne passes near the town, and the town. A palace was afterwards built, there are several extensive lakes, some of not far from the tower, in a most romantic;

which have been drained and improved. situation ; the S. W. wall still remains a Many acres of waste land have been lately monument of the magnificent fabric of planted with fir and other kinds of wood. which it was a part. The monastery was The parish abounds with valuable mines one of the most ancient in Scotland, being and minerals. Coal of the best quality is founded by Malcolm Canmore. It was a found in every part of it, great quantities magnificent and extensive building, but of which are exported from Inverkeithing fell an early sacrifice to the plundering ar- and Limekilns. In many places there are my of Edward I. The remains of the ab- prodigious rocks of white freestone, and bey are now inconsiderable. The parish whinstone is also found for paving the church and steeple are large and ancient, streets. Limestone has been wrought to a being part of the old abbey built by Mal- great extent, the Earl of Elgin possessing colm Canmore. Here the founder, hi.i here the most extensive limeworks in Bri- queen, and 7 other Scottish monarchs, 5 tain. Ironstone is also abundant, and is queens, and several of the most eminent exported in great quantities to the Carron men of the kingdom, lie interred. Popula- Company. Popul. 11,649.—The BURGH tion of the town of Dunfermline and the of DUNFERMLINE is situated on an emi- adjoining suburb of PittencriefF, 7,000. nence 6 miles N. from Queensferry, and 17 DUNGISBAY-HE AD, said to betheBe- N. VV. from Edinburgh. Dunfermline has rubium of Ptolemy, is situated in the coun- one principal street, extending fiom E. to ty of Caithness, and forms the N. E. corner W. along the face of the hill, which is cross- of the island of Great Britain. ed at right angles by other streets, in which DUNIAN, a hill in the county of Rox-

are a great number of well built houses ; burgh, on the borders of the parishes of the streets are in general broad and straight- Bedrule and Jedburgh. 1031 feet in height. j At the head of the Margate stand the town- DU NIP ACE, a parish of Stirlingshire. house and prison, and nearly in the centre of (SeeLarbert.)

j the High Street an elegantguildhall, with a DUNKELD and DOWALLY form one steeple 132 feet high, containing assembly parish, yet the circumstances of each aro j rooms, and apartments for the meetings of so different, that it is better to an j give ac-

public bodies. The greater part of the town count of them separately : is situated on a hill or rising ground, having I. DUNKELD, a town in the above unit- a pretty bold declivity towards the S. the ed parish, and county of Perth, is situated

ground, however, soon flattens to the Ne- on the N. bank of the Tay , 1 5 miles N. from ; ther-town, which stands on a plain. The Perth. The scenery which surrounds it prospect it commands is remarkably beau- has long been the subject of admiration, as

tiful and extensive. The size of the town romantic and delightful ; and the improve- | is rapidly increasing, by the feuing of the ments of the Duke of Athole, conducted estate of Pittencrieff, whichformsa large extensive scale, with great taste, | on an hav« suburb, connected with the town by an given an additional ornament to the whole. j

earthen mound nearly 300 feet in length, i Dunkeld is a place of great antiquity ; it The burgh held of the monastery of Dun- was the capital of ancient Caledonia; and. fermline for nearly two centuries, and be- about the dawn of Christianity, a Pictish j came royal by a charter from King James king made it the seat of religion, by erect- j VI., dated 24th May, 1588. The govern- ing there a monastery of Culdees, which ment of the town is vested in a provost, 2 King David I. in 1130, converted into a bailies, a dean of guild, and 22 councillors, bishopric, and ranked it the first in Scot- annually elected, and joins with Queens- land. It is a burgh of barony, under the ferry, Culross, Inverkeithing, and Stirling, Duke of Athole. The principal manufac- in sending a member to Parliament. The ture is linen and yarn, for carrying on which revenue is about L.1500 per annum. Dun- it is conveniently situated. It is the chief fermline has been long distinguished for the market town of the Highlands. Lately a manufacture of diaper and damask table fine new bridge of 7 arches has been thrown

linen. There are nearly 1200 looms em- over the Tay ; a new street of elegant mo- ployed. At an early period Dunfermline dern houses, on aline with the bridge, ha?

became a royal residence ; Malcolm Can- been built, through which the Highland more usually resided at a tower or castle, road passes, and the road by the west end ;

90 D U N;

of the town is now shut up. The town is DUNKELD (LITTLE,) a parish in the surrounded by a high wall, which incloses county of Perth. Its figure is a kind of ir- the Duke of Athole's property the hous- regular triangle, the longest sides of which es are crammed together in a corner, with- are about 16 miles. Nature has divided it out garden ground, and the poorer class of into 5 districts. 1st, the district of Murth- inhabitants live in small dirty closes. Not- ly, which extends from the neighbouring

withstanding their vicinity to the Tay , they parish of Kinclaven to a small village cal- have not the privilege ofa bleaching green led Inver. The second extends from In- and every necessary of life is dear. The ver for 10 miles along the banks of the Taj

cathedral, which is about 200 feet long, to Grantully ; and this district, from having and 60 wide, has once been a fine pile of belonged in former times to the see of Dun- building, though now much dilapidated. keld, stillretains the name of the Bishop- The choir is still entire, and converted into ric. The cultivated lands form the south

the parish church : it was built in 1350 by bank ofthe Tay ; the fields are level, and Bishop Sinclair, who is buried here. On the new system of agriculture has given the N. side of the choir is the charter-house, the whole the appearance of an almost con- built by Bishop Lauder in 1469, the vault tinued series of beautiful gardens. The of which is now used as the burying place remaining district is separated from the

of the family of Athol ; and the upper room Bishopric by a hilly tract ofconsiderable ex- ia occupied as a charter-room by the Duke. tent. It is a valley 9 miles in length, hav- The tower, which stands at the W. end of ing the river Bran winding at the bottom the N. aisle, is very elegant. Not far from till it falls into the Tay opposite Dunkeld. the cathedral is the mansion of the Duke, This district is generally of a fertile clay a plain neat house, without any ofthe mag- or loam. The hilly part of the whole pa- nificence generally seen in a ducal resi- rish occupies nearly 4000 acres. On the dence. The gardens abound with fruit, river Bran is a fine cascade, near which the

j which arrive at great perfection. Within Duke of Athole has built an elegant bou- the last 60 years, very extensive plantations doir. The military road from Perth to have been made around the town. Dun- Inverness passes through the parish. The

keld and its immediate vicinity , contained ancient castle of Trochie, and some exten- in 1811, 1360 inhabitants. sive cairns, are the principal monuments II. DOWALLY. This district is situat- of antiquity which this parish contains. ed to the westward of Dunkeld, and may Population 2982. properly be considered as the country part DUNLICHTY, a parish in Inverness- of that parish. It extends in length about shire, vide Daviot. 6 miles along the N. bank of the Tay. The DUNLOP, a parish in the comity of Ayr. rocky hills of Craigy Barns and King's Seat It is of an oblong figure, 7 miles long, and are situated on the lower boundary of Dow- 2 and a half broad. Its surface consists of

aily ; the latter rises with a very sudden as- a great variety of hills. None ofthese are

cent from the brink of the river ; and the high, but many of them afford beautiful road from Athol, which passes through and extensive prospects of the surrounding Dowally, ha»been cut with great labour country.. The ground is well adapted and expense along the bottom of it. The either forpasture or Cultivation. The soil, road overhangs the river so closely, and at in the western parts of the parish is a light

such a height, that the timid traveller, who loam or thin clay ; and towards the E. the looks over the wall which has been built prevailing soil is deep and heavy, with a for security, is disposed to hasten on his cold wet bottom. The greater part is in- way; but the range of tall and thick trees, closed and well cultivated. This district while they conceal the terror's of the scene, has been long famous for that kind of add at the same time to its singular beau- cheese, which is named after the parish, ty. The soil on the hills is very shallow, Dunlop cheese. This parish is also noted but affords pasture to numerous flocks of for the spinning of fine yarn. It has a small sheep ; and many of them are covered with villjge of the same name, which lies & natural forests, well stocked with red and miles S. of Beith. Population 998. roe deer. The soil of the haughs is light DUNNET, a parish in the county of and sandy; that of the higher fields on the Caithness. It extends about 10 miles in brow of the hills is stronger and deeper, length, and on an average 2 and a half in with ah intermixture of clay. In the back breadth. It is the most northerly parish in parts of the parish is Loch Ordie, which a- Great Britain. Except Duniiet-head, there boundl with trout and eel. Pop. 553. is scarcely an eminence in the parish. The DUN 91

soil is in general flight, with little clay or ing about 4 miles each side. It is situated deep loam, and by far the greater part is on the coast, at the beginning of the great uncultivated, and incapable of cultivation. how or hallow of the Mearns. The sur- —The coast is in general bold and rocky, face is uneven, with frequent risings. To- but from Dunnet-head it is flat, and af- wards the coast the soil is a kind of clay

fords safe anchorage to vessels in several loam ; but as it recedes, it degenerates in- bays and harbours. Population 1398. to a wet gravelly moor. The sea coast is DUNNET-HEAD is an extensive pro- very bold. There are many deep caves in montory, running into the Pentland Frith, the rocks, which are much frequented by on the western border of the parish of Dun- gulls and other sea fowls. At the N. E. cor- net. It consists cf several hills interspers- ner, where the small rivulet Carron runs ed with vallies. Through its whole extent into the sea, is situated the town of Stone- Dunnet-head presents a front of broken haven, having a fine natural harbour. The rocks to the sea, the height of which varies turnpifc.; road from Montrose to Aberdeen from 100 to 400 feet. It is joined to the passes through the town of Stonehaven, land by a narrow neck or isthmus, about a and another road runs directly from that mile and a half broad. town to Perth, through the valley of DUNNICHEN, aparishinthe county of Strathmore. Thecastle of Dunnottar.now Angus, extending in length 4 miles, and in ruins, is situated on a perpendicular 2 to 3 in breadth. It is mostly arable, rock, 150 feet above the level of the sea, though the surface is hilly. The soil is to- on a plain about 3 acres in extent, and lerably fertile, and it is watered by 2 small almost separated from the land by a brooks, which rise from a neighbouring deep chasm. It forms one of the most ma- moss. There are several extensive marl pits. jestic ruins in Scotland, and before the in- Mr Dempster, the chiefproprietor, has late- vention of the artillery, must have been im- ly feued part of his ground for a village cal- pregnable. It was often used as a state led Letham, where there is a stamp-office, prison, and several of the non-conforming and a weekly market for the sale of yarn Presbyterian clergy were confined in it. It and brown linens. About a mile from the was built during the contest between Bruce village is DUnnichen-house, the residence and Baliol; and so great was its reputation of that gentleman. There is plenty of ex- for strength, that in 1651 it was used for cellent freestone. Population 1233. the deposit of the regalia of Scotland, td , a parish in the county of preserve them from the English army. Po- Perth, situated at the northern extremity pulation 1S86. of the Ochil hills, where they terminate in DUN-O-DEER, a hill in Aberdeenshire-, Strathearne. The high and moorland upon which are the ruins of a vitrified fort parts, which aire elevated 1000 feet a- or castle.

j bove the level of the sea, are laid out for DUNOON, a parish in Argyleshire, situ- sheep pasture- The declivities are in some ated in the district of Cowal, on the W. places gentle, and admit of the plough; Side of the Frith of Clyde. It extends a- but the produce is scanty. In the lower parts bout 24 miles hi length, and on an average the soil is arable, and partakes of the na- 2 in breadth. The general appearance ture of carse land. Mr Graham of Orchil of the country is flat and agreeable, bavin* lately fued out the village of New Pitcairn n few eminences covered with natural wood or Dragon's Den. Duncruib, the residence in the back parts of the parish. Formerly of , holds a distingcished place in the village of Dunoon was very considera- the parish. The house of Keltie, is an an- ble, and- a place of resort on account of cient edifice. Population 1 723.—The VIL- a ferry, which was the principal inlet to the

LA.GE OF DUNNING, lies 9 miles W. S. district ; but a new road being opened by W. from Perth. It is well situated on the Loch Lomond, around the head of Loch banks of Dunning-water, and contains a Long, has contributed to its decay. The number of modern built houses, which castle of Dunoon, in the neighbourhood of have a good appearance. There was for- the village, was once a royal residence, of merly a printfield here, and a goad deal of which the family of Airgyle were hereditary weaving is still carried on. This village constables. Population 2130. was burnt down by the Earl of Man's army DUNREGGAN, a village in the county in 1715, in their retreat from Sheriff-muir of Dumfries, 1G miles and a half N. W. to Perth. from Dumfries. DUNNQTTAR, a parishin the county 6f , a parish in Shetland, Kincardine, of a triangular figure, extend- to which the parishes of Sandwick *n& DUN 92

Cunning9burgh are united. It lies in the made here. It has a good grammar school, a southern extremity of the Mainland. Po- church, (a tolerable good building, with a pulation 3498. neat spire,) 2 United Associate, and Relief DUNSBORE, a parish in the district of meeting house, and about 2500 inhabitants. Nithsdale, Dumfries-shire. It extends DUNSINNAN, one of the Sidlaw hills, from the river Nith across the country to in the parish of Collace, and county of the Urr, nearly 12 miles in length, its Perth, 6 miles N. E. from that town; it breadth varying from half a mile to 4 miles. rises in a conical form, with a flat ar.d ver- It contains 12,091 Scots acres. It is level dant summit. At one place is to be traced

along the Nith, but in general it is hilly, a winding road cut into the rock ; on the and towards the upper end, rocky and other sides it is steep, and of difficult ac- .mountainous. Some parts of the soil are cess. It was defended by a strong ram- deep and fertile, but by far the greater pro- part, which went quite round the upper portion is light and shallow. A great num- part of the hill. The area within the ram- ber of sheep and black cattle are reared for parts is of an oval form, 210 feet long, 130 •the English market. Besides the Nith and broad, and a little lower than the ruins of Urr, the parish is watered by the river Cairn. the rampart that surrounds it. The origin- •In this parish, the poet Robert Burns al height of this rampart cannot be ascer-

rented a farm for some years, off Riddel of tained ; but from the immense mass re- Glenriddel, where he established a Library maining that overtops the interior summit for the instruction of the peasantry and of the hill, it must have been great. It it tenants. Population 1525. noted for being the seat of the castle of

. DCNS|| a parish in Berwickshire, is an Macbeth. Dunsinnan is 1024 feet above

oblong square of 8 miles by 5 ; extending the level of the sea. over a part of the district of Lammermuir, DUNSKERRY, a small island of Suther- and over the head of that fertile plain called land, 4 miles N. of the promontory of Far- the Merse. That part, which lies in Lam- out-Head. mermuir is hilly, and much covered with DUNSTAFFNAGE, an ancient castle in heath. Some of it, however, is unculti- Argyleshire, remarkable for being one of vated. The rest of the parish, or that the first seats of the Scottish princes. It is which lies in the district of MerBe, is ex- situated on a promontory, almost insulated, ceedingly fertile, and in general inclosed. in an arm of the sea, called Loch Etive, a- In this parish, the improvements in agri- bout 2 miles from Connel, and about the culture have proceeded with great rapidity. same distance from the site of the ancient The river Whittadder runs through the Beregonium. In this castle was long pre- whole extent of the parish. Dunse Law and served the famous stone chair or seat, the Cockburn Law, two considerable hills, are palladium of North Britain, which was us- also situated in it. About half a mile from ed as the coronation chair. At a small dis- the town is Dunse castle, the family resi- tance from the walls of the castle, which dence of Hay of Drumraelzier. It is sur- are all that remains of its former grandeur, rounded by several hundred acres of thriv- is a small roofless chapel, of exquisite work- ing plantations. Nearly a mile and a half manship and elegant architecture, where from Dunse, is the celebrated mineral well many of the kings of Scotland are said to called Dunse Spa. Population 3082.— lie interred. The TOWN OF DUNSf^ies 42 miles S. E. DUNSYRE, a parish situated at the from Edinburgh. It is finely situated in eastern extremity of Lanarkshire, about 5

the centre of the county ; encompassed on miles in extent each way. Besides the ara- the W.N. and E. by the Lammermuir hills. ble part of th

down, it was afterwards rebuilt at the S . poor, and the general appearance of the W. side of the hill. The streets are regular country is naked. Dunsyre is equidistant and broad, and in general well paved and from the German and Atlantic Oceans; clean. It has a spacious market-place, or and in this parish, two rivulets take their •quare. In this square is a small Doric co- rise, one of which runs eastward to the lumn, erected to the memory of Joannes Tweed, while the other, mixing with the Duns Scotus, who was born in Dunsu. in the waters of the Clyde, empties itself into the year 1274. Duns.; has but little trade. western sea.— Population 345. There is a woollen manufacture on a small DUNVAGAN, a bay and headland on Isle Near it tcale, and some linen of n good fabric is i the W. coast of the of Skye. D U R 95 D Y K is a small tillage of the same name, with a acres. It lies on the S. bank of the Dee, post-office. from which the ground rises, and termi- DUNWAR, a hill in the parish ofEagle- nates in the ridge ofthe Grampian moun- tham, Renfrewshire, in height 1000 feet. tains. A great part ofthe parish has been DUPLIN, a parish in Perthshire, united lately enclosed, and great improvements in in 1618, to that ot'Abergaldy. (q. v.) agriculture are going on. There are sever- DURISDEEK,aparishin Dumfries-shire, al high mountains, of which Caimmonearu K miles long, and 5 br;>;:d. It is almost is the highest. Population 724. surrounded by hills, having a pleasant o- DUTHILandROTHIEMUKCHUS.two pening towards the S. and S. W. It is di- united parishes, situated partly in Moray vided by the river Nith ; and the Carron and Inverness shires, 20 miles long, and

runs through it. Except the surround- nearly 1 7 in breadth . The general appear- also | ing hills, the general appearance of thepa- ance is hilly. The Spey runs between the rish is flat, and the soil tolerably fertile. It two parishes, and the river Dulnan inter- contains 14,636 Scots acres, of which there sects Duthil for upwards of 1 5 miles. The are about 3000 acres arable, and 11,000 soil on the hanks of both rivers is fertile. pasture and plantations. The VILLAGE There are two small lakes in Rothiemur- of DURISDEER is pleasantly situated on chus ; one of them, Lochnellan, has an is- the banks ofthe Nith, over which there is land and a ruinous castle, noted for a re- a handsome bridge of 3 arches. Several markable echo. The military road from ruins of old towers, forts, and chapels, are Dalnacardoch to Inverness passes through to be seen here.—Population 1429. the parish. In the district of Rothiemur- DURNESS, a parish in the county of Su- chus is a quarry, or rather mountain, of therland, 1£> miles in length, and 13 in excellent limestone, much used for ma- breadth. The greatest part is a peninsula, nure. Population 1613. formed by Loch Eribole and the bay of DYCE, a parish in Aberdeenshire, of Durness. The scenery of the parish is wild considerable extent, lying along the side and mountainous ; but, towards the shore, ofthe river Don. The ridge of hills called especially where the peninsula terminates Tyre-beggar runs directly through the pa- in Far-out-head, there are several beauti- rish. On the top of one of th« highest is a ful fields and rich pastures. Cape Wrath Druidical temple. The whole of the hills is situated at the N. W. corner of the pa- are covered with heath and plantations. rish ; besides which there are two other re- The rest ofthe parish produces line crops. markable promontories, viz. Far-out-head Population 498. and White head. Loch F.rribole is a safe DYKE and MOY, an united parish in and spacious harbour. A great quantity of Morayshire. It runs up the Moray Frith 6 kelp is burnt on the shores. There are se- miles, stretching from the coastward near- veral very remarkable caves, of which that ly the same. Along the coast is that ex- ofSmoorSmoah is the largest and most tensive sandy desert, called the Maviston- magnilicent. A short way within the sand hills, which Boethius mentions as be- mouth ofthe cave is an aperture, through ing produced by the same inundation ofthe •which a stream of water descending forms sea which swept away the estate of Earl a subterraneous lake, the extent of which Godwin in Kent, and leftthe Godwin sands has never been ascertained. In this cave in its room. Above this desert lies an ex- is a remarkable echo. The whole parish tensive moor. The rest of the parish is rests on a bed of limestone. The river cultivated. It contains three small villa- Hope contains a few trout and salmon. ges. The is of considera- The most remarkable monument oS" anti- ble value for its salmon fishings. The ba- quity is the famous tower, Dun Domtdilla, rony of Culbin, called in former times " the situated in the valley of Strathmore, in a Granary of Moray," has been entirely co- remote and picturesque spot, full 7 miles vered with sand blowing from the Maviston fiom the sea. It has been built, like Co- hills. Another effect of the blowing of the les castle, and other edifices of the kind, sand is the change made about 120 years without any cement, when the use of iron ago in the bed and mouth of the river, was unknown. This building is unques- which has occasioned the removal of the tionably the most ancient remains of anti- town and harbour of Findhorn at least three quity in the island. Population 1 155. quarters of a mile down the frith ; and, DURRIS, a parish in Kincardineshire, where the ancient town of Findhorn stood, extending about 8 miles in length, and 5 nothing appears but sand and benty grass. and a half iu breadth, containing 16,000 ' At Darnaway isan old castle, command- —

D Y S 94

*ng a great extent of prospect. Adjoining coul was amongst the first wrought in Scot-

to it is a princely hall, built by Thomas : land: upwards of 300 years ago, the pit is

Randolph, regent of Scotland. Population ! recorded to have been on fire. The iron"- 1427. stone is very rich, yielding about 12cwt. j of DYSART, a parish in Fifeshire, 4 miles metal per ton of ore. Population 6506. | in length, and nearly 3 in .breadth. The The of lies 1 | EURGH DYSART mile R. ground rises gradually from the sea, above N. E. from Kirkaldy, on a gentle declivity a mile northward, and then slopes down to towards the sea. It consists of three nar- the river Orr, which forms the boundary row streets, with a kind of square in the

on the N. E. The soil is generally light, I centre. The Earl of Rosslyn has bis seat find near the coast, fertile and well culti- here. Dysart was made a royal burgh in j

vated ; but in the N. W. a tract of land ex- the beginning of the 16th century. It is soil, tends of wet cold encumbered with ! governed by two bailies, a treasurer, ami large stones. Besides the burgh of Dysart, '11 councillors, and joins with Kirkcaldy, j the parish contains 4 villages. Path-head, Kinghorn, and Burntisland, in sending a St. Clairtown, Galatown, and Borland. Its member to Parliament. The revenue isa- chief mines are coal and ironstone. Dysart bout L.200 a Population | year.— 157S.

E A L F. A S

Tj'ACHAIG, a small river in Argyleshire, Ridden. It was here that the unfortunate- -which has its rise from , and Earl of Argyle, in 1685, deposited his arms runs into the Frith of Clyde. and ammunition, and rendezvoused his ar- EAGERNESS, a promontory of Wigton- my, which soon after were forced to sur- ihire, on the Frith of Cree. render. EAGLESHAM, a parishin Renfrewshire, EARLSFERRY, an ancient town in the about 6 miles long, and 5 broad. From parish of Kilconquhar, Fifeshire, 6 mileB the banks of the Cart, which are loamy and E. from Largo. It was at one period a roy- fertile, the ground rises gradually towards al burgh, having parliamentary representa- the western border, which is moory, and tion which it lost through inability to pay covered with heath. Several rivulets in- the expense of a commissioner. Tempm-a tersect the parish, in their course from the mutantur. It is governed by 3 bailies, 15 high inoory ground to the Cart. The hills councillors, and a treasurer. It Ires on the of Dun war and Balagk-h are nearly 3000 W. side of Ely bay. Population 374. feet in height. It possesses several chaly- EARLSTOUN, a parish in that district beate wells, and at Balagich-hill, are found of Berwickshire, called Lauderdale. It is many pieces of Barytes, or ponderous spar. 6 miles in length, and from 3 to 4 in On the Cart, a few miles from its source, breadth; washed on the E. border by the there is still standing a part of the old cas- Eden, and on the TV. by the Leader. To. tle of Dunoon, built in 1388. Population wards the banks of the Eden, the Surface is

1424.—The VILLAGE of EAGLESHAM level, and the Soil light and dry ; on the lies 9 miles S, from Glasgow. It is situat- western border it is more uneven, and the ed on a plain, having a fine clear rivulet soil inclines to a strong tough clay. There running through the middle. Popul. 460. are several villages, of which Earlstoun and EALAN-A-GHARIN, and EALAN- Mellerstain are the larpest. Population AN-DU, two small islands on the VV. N. 1528.—The VILLAGE of EARLSTOUN W. coast of Sutherlar.dshire, lies 7 miles S. from Lauder. It is famous EALAN-NAN-ROANS, an island on as the birth-place of Sir Thomas Learmont, the north coast of Sutherlandshire, about commonly called Thomas the Rhymer, part 2 miles in circumference, and inhabited by of whose house is still standing, called Rhy- four or five families. About the year 17S3, mer's Tower. the centre of the land sunk considerably, EARLSTOWN, a village in Clackman- leaving a pool of water where there was nanshire. Population 220. arable land before. EARSAY, a considerable lake in the is- EALLANGHEIRRIG, a small island in land of Arran. Argyleihire, situated at the mouth of Loch , a imall illand of the He- ; ;

E C C > E D D

bride*, annexed to Argyllshire. It is nearly spring, called the Bullion well, which is re- circular, about 1 mile and a half in diame- sorted to in scrophulous affections. Popu- ter. Slate has been quarried here upwards lation 267. of 100 years, which employs about 300 ECHT, aparishin Aberdeenshire, about workmen. 10 miles W. from the county town. Itcon- EASTWOOD, a parish in Renfrewshire tains 1 1,000 acres. Few of the hills are of its greatest length is 4 miles, and its breadth great height, and many of them are under nearly 3. It presents a'ftne variety ofland- tillage to the very summit. The soil is in scape. The lands areallinclosed.and each many places highly susceptible of improve- farm affords ample proof of the great in- ment. Housedale is an elegant teat, sur- crease in agricultural knowledge and indus- rounded with extensive plantations. On try. Several manufactures, particularly- the top of the Barmekin, one of the highest weaving of muslin, and the manufacture of hills, is an ancient fortification. There are cotton, are carried on in the thriving vil- also several cairns and Druidical cdilice». lage of Pollockshaw „ In the neighbour- Population 932. hood of there is a stratum of ECK (LOCH), a lake in the district of echistus, deserving the attention of the na- L'owal, in Argyieshire, about 6 miles long, turalist. Population 4846. and half a mile broad. ECCLES, a parish in Berwickshire, 8 ECKFORD, aparishin Roxburghshire, 7 miles long from E. to VV\, and nearly 6 in miles lung, and 4 and a half broad, watered breadth; and containing about 11,000 on oi,e side by the Teviot, and intersected acres, scarcely one of which is waste. The by the Kail water, which joins the former a soil is in general good, and the farms are all little below the church. It has been origi- enclosed in the bc^t manner. I n fe w pfeunss nally covered, with heath, but by proper have improvements been carried on to equai cultivation is now rendered green and (it advantage, and with such rapidity. There for pasture, except a moor called Cavertown is a valuable salmon fishing on the Tweed, Edge, where the Kelso jacts are held. A the property of the Earl of Home. Popu- lew plantations have been laid out. There lation 1820. are two small villages in the parish, Caver- ECCLEFECHAN, a village in the parish town and Cessi'ord, near which is the ruins of Hoddam, Dumfries-shire, 15 miles N. E. of tile old castle of Cessford. Population of Dumfries. It is a considerable market 1007. town, and one of the stages on the .London KDAY, one of the Orkney isles, 5 and a

road from Edinburgh and Glasgow, by Car- half miles long, and 1 and a half" broad. lisle. It contains upwards of 6U0 inhabi- It affords excellent pasture, and possesses* tants. two good harbours or road-steads, where ECCLESGREIG, or St. CYRUS, a pa- vessels of any burden may ride in safety. rish in the southern extremity of Kincar- Population 600. dine-shire; bounded on the S. by the North KDDERACHYLIS, a parish in Suther- Esk river, extending 5 miles in length, and laudshire, occupying the N. W. corner of 3 in breadth. The surface is pretty level, the island of Great Britain, and extending but intersected with several dens and rivu- from Cape Wrath southward 20 miles in lets. More than three-fourths of the whole length, and about loin breadth. It is in- is arable. The ruins of the Kame of Ma- tersected by several arms of the sea, which thers, the ancient residence of the Barclay affords good harbours fursmall vessels. The family, stands on a peninsulatcd perpen- face of the country is mountainous and dicular rock, the base of which is washed rocky, and the more inland part, which by the sea. The Castles of Morpliy and constitutes part of 's deer forest, Laurieston are also ancient buildings. presents a vast group of rugged mountains, There are two villages, Milton and St. Cy- with their summits enveloped in clouds, rus, the former of which is situated on the and divided from one another, by deep and coast, and contains 1 SO inhabitants. There narrow glens; yet in these wilds are reared is plenty of excellent freestone, as well as many black cattle, the pasture they afford hrne. Population 1664. being rich and luxuriant. There are a EGCLESMACHAN, a parish in Linlithgow- number of lakes in the parish,, of which shire, about 4 miles long and 1 broad, inter- Lochmoir and Lochstaik are the chief, and sected by the parishes of Linlithgow and a few small rivers. Lord Rcay is the sole Uphall. The whole is aflat corn country. proprieior. Population 1147. There is-abuffldance of excellent freestone KDDERTOWN, a parish in Ross-shire, and near the church is a weak sulphureous 10 mileslong, and 7 broad, washed on the .

E D I i EDI

N. by the Frith of Tain. The soil ii in thin county is much diversified. The cli-

general good ; but the climate is cold, and mate, though extremely variable, is ia

the harvest late. Here are the remains of general good ; but the cold fogs, which the several encampments, and many rude stones east wind brings from the German ocean, and cairns. Population 846. during spring, are often very prejudicial to KDEN, a river in Fifeshire, which takes the fruit. Mid-Lothian has no considerable its rise about 4 miles W. from Strathmiglo, rivers, but the banks of the several streams and falls into tin German Ocean at the of water here present the most beautiful bay of . scenery, and afford numerous facilities for. EDEN, a small river in Berwickshire, theestablishment of various manufactories. which has its rise on the confines of the The Water of Leith takes its rise in the sounty of Selkirk, and falls into the Tweed Pentland hills, and after a course of 14; 4 miles helow Kelso. miles, falls into the frith at Leith. It drives EDENDON, a river in Perthshire, which about 100 mills, and suppliesseveral bleach- takes its rise in Blair-Athole, and falls into fields, distilleries, ski.meries, and other the Garry near Dalnacardoch. works. On the Esk, which falls into the EDEN HAM, a parish in Roxburghshire, sea at Musselburgh, a considerable number attending 3 miles and a half each way. of paper-mills have been established, be-, Watered by the Eden, and bounded by the sides bleachfields, &c. There are two lakes Tweed on the S. and S.E. Its surface is In the immediate neighbourhood of Edin- beautifully varied. The soil is exceedingly burgh, at Duddingston and Lochend. The fertile and well cultivated. Thomson, former is about 80 feet in depth in some author of the '"Seas jus," was born at Eden- places, and about a mile and a quarter in h-im manse. Population 553.—The VIL- circumference. This county abounds with LAGE of EDENHAM lies2 miles and a coal, lime, freestone, and iron ore. The

half N.E. from Kelso, pleasantly situated hills are objects of great interest : Arthur's on the . Population 300. seat, on one side, exhibits a beautiful range

EOENKEILLIE, a" parish in Morayshire, of basaltic pillars, nearly 50 feet in height. 12 miles long and 10 broad. Its surface is At the bottom of a rock, of lower elevation, hilly. On the banks of the Findhorn and a little to the northward, is a remarkable Davie is much old natural wood, and the echo. Adjoining to this hill, are Salisbury most varied and romantic scenery. Besides Crags, forming a kind of amphitheatre. the natural woods, there are extensive There is a valley between the hills, which plantations, particularly on the estate of has much the appearance of a crater, long

the Earl of Moray. In the upper part of ago filled up in part ; the next side, which the parish is the lake of Lochindorb, in forms the crags, having sunk down. In which, on an island stand the ruins of the these crags the great mass of whinstone it castle of the same name. The castles of incumbent on girt and clay, which being D-mphail, and of the Downehill of Relu- thought to be of posterior formation makes gas, are also celebrated remains of anti- the arrangement be considered singular. quity. Population 1215. In a wider circle, the hills of Corstorphinc, EDINBURGHSHIRE, OR MID-LO- Braid, and Craigmillar, surround the capi- THIAN, is bounded on the N. by the Frith tal; and at about four miles distance the of Forth and the river Almond, which lat- range of the Pentland hills commences. ter divides it, at one part, horn Linlith- From the materials which composes Braid gowshire; on the E. by Haddingtonshire, and Blackford hills, they may be considered on the S. by the counties of Lanark, Pee- as a continuation of the Pentlands. On the bles, Selkirk, and Berwick, and on the VV. north part of the summit of the Pentland by the county of Linlithgow. It extends range, the face of the rock appears ,of a about 30 miles in length, and varies from pretty lively white. This stone has got the name of 10 to 20 in breadth ; and includes the is- Petunse pentlandica, from its re- lands of , Cramond, and Inch- semblance to the materials (clay and sand) mickery. It contains about 3fi6 square which are employed in China for the ma-

miles, or 250,400 English acres ; one third nufacture of porcelain. It is the only ex- hill, or ground incapable of tillage; the re- ample of this kind of stone in the island, mainder is under tillage, pasture, or wood. and perhaps in Europe. In these hills some It is divided into 31 parishes, which con- specimens of terra ponderosa, and of zeolite, tain 148. COT inhabitants. Thevaluedrent have been found. None of the hills are re- is Ll!H,054-3:9d. Scots, and the real markable for their elevation. The Moor- rent L. 151,500 Sterling. The surface of foot hills comprehend about 52 square miles, ;

97 EDI

feet level sea, . are 1850 above the ofthe and : half. The northern valley, called the North loftiest afford excellent pasture. The ofthe i Loch, is laid out in ornamented grounds on | Pentland hills is about 1700 feet; Arthur's the west, and the whole of this valley is in ] j

Seat 822; Braid hills 690 ; Liberton Tower I progress of being laid out in the same man- | -590; Corstorphine 476; Craigmillar 560; ner. A Mound of earth crosses this valley the Calton hill the various and 550. From ; to the westward, which was formed with important improvements which are now the earth dug from the foundations of buil-

projected, it is probable that this county will I dings in the new town, and is nearly 1000 speedily receive a great increase of popula- feet long, about 200 in breadth, and 80 feet tion and wealth. A Canalfrom Edinburgh, high above the surface of the valley. At which joins the Glasgow Canal at Falkirk, the north end of this Mound, there has late- has been finished for some years, and it is ly been erected a beautiful square building, now in contemplation to extend it to Leith. appropriated to the Royal Institution for A railway is now in progress from Dalkeith the encouragement ofthe Fine Arts. Near to Edinburgh, for which a Tunnel is now the eastern extremity of this valley, it is excavating at the west side of Arthur's Seat crossed by a beautiful Bridge, called the and it has been proposed to extend surveys North Bridge, founded in the year 1763. into East Lothian, Roxburghshire and Sel- This Bridge consists of three great central kirkshire, with the view of forming railway arches of 72 feet each, with two smaller communications from these counties with ones at each end. The length ofthe bridge Edinburgh, and Leith. Besides Edinburgh is 1270 feet, the breadth 50 feet, and the and Leith, the towns and villages in this height 6S feet. North Bridge Street is ter- county are Dalkeith, Musselburgh, Porto- minated on the north by Princes Street bello, Lasswade, Pennycuick, Midcalder, crossing it at right angles, and the Register and Gilinerton. Office, one of the most elegant edifices in EDINBURGH, the Metropolis of Scot- Edinburgh. The southern valley is crossed

land, is situated in the northern part of the by a Bridge called the South Bridge ; this

County of Edinburgh or Mid-Lothian ; Bridge was opened in 17SS, and consists of

nearly a mile and a half south of the Frith 22 arches, one ofwhich only is visible ; which of Forth, and about the same distance from is the centre arch over the Cowgate. This Leith, the sea port of Edinburgh. It is 16 bridge is on a line with the North Bridge,

miles west of Haddington, 42 east of Glas- and crosses the High Street at right angles ; gow, 12S south south westof Aberdeen, and forming an elegant street of nearly equal 156 south of Inverness. It is distant 590 length with the High Street, and dividing miles, north by west ofLondon, and 92 miles the old town into nearly two equal half's. and a half from Carlisle. This City is more The New Town stands upon the horizontal than two miles long, is about the same in ridge, on the north side of the old town, breadth, and the circumference ofthe whole having an inconsiderable elevation on the is nearly eight miles, it is rapidly increasing south, declining to the sea on the north, in all directions. It stands upon three dis- and may be divided into two parts, viz. the tinct hills or elevations. The old town oc- New Town designed in 1767, which is com- cupies chiefly the centre elevation, extend- pleted ; and the other additional buildings, ing, nearly in a straight line, from the per- streets, and squares, erecting on the east, pendicular rock on which the Castle is built, west, and north, of the former. Edinburgh at the western extremity, to the palace of is naturally divided by the North Loch into j Holyrood House on the. east. The High the Old and New Town, communicating Street occupies the flat surface of this cen- by the North Bridge, and Earthen Mound. tral ridge, and measures from the gate of The New Town having been laid out on a ] the Castle to the Palace-gate, 5570 feet in 1 regular plan in 1767, is one ofthe finest ci- length, and in general 90 feet in breadth. ties in Europe. The whole has been built From the High Street descend numerous within the last 60 years, of beautiful free- lanes or closses on the declivities, north and stone, superior to any in the kingdom. | A south of this central ridge. Parallel to the I plan for building, whst may be termed an

High Street, in the valley on the south, runs i additional New Town between Edinburgh

a street called the Cowgate, about 20 feet i and Leith, and on the east and w est of Leith in breadth; the rising ground in this direc- Walk, is in progress and rapidly extending,

tion is covered with buildings; forming a I and that in a few years Edinburgh will be mixture of the ancient and modern archi- joined to its ancient sea port. Edinburgh tecture, extending in streets, squares, and being noted for learning and the fine arts,

villas, to a distance of one mile and a | and from its general magnificent appearance ;

E D EDI has been justly called the Modern Athens. works, for carrying off the soil, the former This " Romantic Town," situated on three has now got free of its old reproach, and separated and distinct rising grounds, is the latter is one of thp cleanest Cities in surrounded in all directions, except the Europe. In the year 1 753, Edinburgh oc- north, by a succession of beautiful hill s. In cupied nearly the same extent of ground the immediate vicinity of the town, on the which it had done for centuries before. east is the Calton Hill, ornamented by a lof- Since that period, it has been enlarged to ty Monument to the memory of Nelson, the three times its bulk. During the last thirty Observatory, New Jail, Bridewell, &c. and, years, particularly, the improvements both there is laid the foundation of the grand in the Old and New Town, have been as- National Monument. On the south side of tonishing. Streets, Squares, Churches, and this Hill, the Royal High School is built, public fdifices, have risen in rapid succes-

which was opened by a grand procession, sion ; old and inconvenient buildings have

June 23, 1829 ; and new streets are rising on been removed, and replaced by elegant

the declivities. The various viewsfrom the houses ; and the pavements and foot paths •walks are noble and extensive, commanding improved and renewed. It would besuper- both the Old and New Towns, the Frith of fluous to attempt a description of all the Forth, and adjacentcountry,—the Shipping improvements and public buildings that in Leith Roads, and the mouth ofthe Frith, have been made and finished within the with the German Ocean, and Fife hills in last fifty years. The Regent Bridge is the the distance; altogether presenting a com- most splendid of the recent improvements

bination of rich scenery, which has been in Edinburgh ; this bridge is in aline with compared to the famed view of the Bay of Princes Street, and by a road cut into the Naples. Near the City, on the east, rises rock on the east side of the Calton hill, look- Arthur's Seat, to the height of 822 feet a- ing down upon the Old Town, forms a new, bove the level of the sea, and from its pecu- elegant, and romantic approach to the City, liar shape called the Lion. On the south from the east. This bridge was founded in side of this hill, is a perpendicular rock, ex- 1819. In this street are situated, the hibiting a grand range of Basaltic columns Post Office, Stamp Office, Waterloo Hotel, of a pentagonal or hexagonal form, 50 to &c. built in the first style of architectural 60 feet high, and 5 feet in diameter. Ad- elegance, and affording an easy communica- joining to this hill on the west, Salisbury tion with the beautiful walks and terraces, Crags present to the city, a green sloping around the Calton Hill. The College when declivity, crowded by a lofty terrace with a completed, will be,for elegance and magni- front of broken rocks and precipices, presen- tude, superior to any building of its kind in ting one of the finest natural ornaments of the world. The new buildings for the ac- this romantic town. The beautiful emi- commodation of the Courts of Law, in the nence of Corstorphine Hill, finely wooded, Parliament Square, are on a grand scale risingin the midst of rich vallies, rears its and when completed, by the additions in-

iummit on the west ; near to this on the tended to be made on the space left vacant south-west, is the beautifully wooded hill of by the great fires in 1824, will be the most Craig Lochart. The hills of Braid and Craig- magnificent suit of buildings in Edinburgh. millar are in the neighbourhood, on the The venerable and stately Church of St

south, and south-east ; and the extensive Giles, forming the north side of the Parlia- range of the Pentland Hills, at a distance ment Square, is also to be improved. The of five miles on the south, rear their lofty County Hall, Advocates' Library, &c. is an

summits to the height of 1450 : to 1700 feet extensive and beautiful group of buildings. above the level of the sea. These hills form Edinburgh is not a Manufacturing Town,., a magnificent amphitheatre, in which stands in the general meaning of the term. It has the Metropolis of North Britain. The a- a few manufactures of Silk, Linen, Shawls, bundance of building materials found in Stockings, &c— these may be stated as em- the immediate vicinity of the City, particu- ploying six to seven hundred looms. There larly stone and lime of superior quality, are several Castlron Foundries, Brass Foun- have in an eminent degree, given a beauty ders, Mill Wrights, Machine Makers, &c. and stability to the edifices of Edinburgh, The Printing and Publishing of Books, are nowhere excelled, and justifies the appel- important branches of trade.---This trade, lation bestowed upon it, of the " City of Pa- with its attendants of Book-binding, Book'- laces " From the facility afforded by the selling, and Stationary, is now carried oi natural declivities of both Old and New to a great extent. In the year 1763 there "Eown, in making sewers, and underground were only six Printing Houses in Edirs. EDI

burgh, the number now is about 50, employ- natural beauties of its banks, have been in- ing nearly 200 Presses, and the works exe- creased by the erection of numerouselegant cuted here, are not surpassed in elegance seats, and extensive plantations. Short a» and correctness by any in Europe. The the course of this river is, yet within that dis - Courts of Law, and the University, are the tance, it gives motion to the machinery of chief supports of the City, and the great re- upwards of one hundred mills, in its course sort of families from all parts of the island, to the sea. Besides corn, meal and flour, attracted hither by the fame of its acade- snuff, lint, and spinning mills, there are 5 mies and schools, are the principal depen- large, and 4 smaller Paper manufactories; dance of the tradesmen, and shop-keepers. Eleachfields, Distilleries, Skinneries, Tan. The commerce of Edinburgh, is not so con- works, and Saw-mills. The Water of Leith siderable as might be expected in the me- runs through apart of the New Town on the tropolis of Scotland; yet from its being the north, and is there crossed by two stone resort of the opulent and gay from all quar- bridges. The river north Esk, at a distance ters, the diffusion of the circulating medium offrom 6 to 9 miles of Edinburgh on the is extensive, and its money transactions are south, has also numerous falls occupied by

numerous and important. There are rive machinery ; amongst others, there are nine public Banking Companies, namely, the extensive paper manufactories, for writing , the Royal Bank of Scot- and printing papers. Almost all of these land, the British Linen Company, the Com- mills employ the new method, or patent,

mercial Bank, and the National Bank ; be- or web machine, by which three-fourths of sides a number of private Banks of great re- the former manual labour is saved in the spectability. All the public Banks issue first formation of the sheet. The neigh- promissory notes of various value, but none bourhood of Edinburgh, is the chief seat of under one , payable on de- the paper manufacture in Scotland, from mand, either in specie, or Bank of England whence large quantities are sent tothe Lon- notes. Two of the private Banks only, is- don Market. The origin of Edinburgh is sue notes, viz. Sir William Forbes and Com- lost in the obscurity of ages. The etymolo- pany, and Ramsays, Bonars and Co. The gy, and the early history of the City are in«

•other private banks, seven in number, dis- volved in equal obscurity ; the most proba- count Bills, and employ their capital in all ble conjecture, is that which derives the the various branches of the banking busi- name from the compound Gaelic word, Dun-

ness. No city of its size contains more li- Edin, or Edwinsburgh ; a name by which it terary men than Edinburgh, whose reputa- is still known in the Highlands of Scot- tion stands pre-eminent in every branch of land. The Castle of Edinburgh is men- literature, and it has long been famed over tioned in Scottish History, as the place the world, for its Medical School and esta- where Queen Margaret, widow of Malcolm blishments. It possesses also numerous So- Canmore, died in the year 1093. The first cieties and Institutions, Religious, Philoso- traces of Edinburgh as a town, are found phical, and Literary, and many for the im- in a charter granted by David the First, in provement of the arts and sciences, and o- 112S, in favour of certain Canons Regular, thers which embrace every object of nation- for whom he founded the Abbey of Holy- al utility and interest. The education of rood-house; whereit is styled Burgo meo the poor is amply provided for, by the many de Edwinesburg. The first Parliament

establishments for that purpose ; and in no held here, was in the year 1216. Edward city are charitable institutions more nume- the First having carried off, or destroyed the

rous ; these comprehend receptacles for the records of the country in 1295, render this alleviation, or cure, of everyform of human period of its history dark and uncertain. In misery. The Royal Infirmary is a noble the year 1392, Robert the First granted to building, founded in 173S; and exclusive of Edinburgh, the town of Leith, with its har- its great utility as an hospital for patients, bour and mills. The City of Edinburgh in from both town and country, it has in an the thirteenth century, was confined to a eminent degree, contributed to the celebri- very limited space, around the Castle Hill, ty ofthe Medical School of Edinburgh. The where the houses were crowded together, river, or Water of Leith, takes its rise in the more for the sake of being under the pro- Pentland Hills, and after a course of four- tection of the Castle, than from choice of teen miles, falls into the Frith of Forth at situation, and appears to have been extend- Leith, forming the harbour of Leith at its ed gradually to the east and south west of junction. This being the only river in the the fortress. It was for the first time.'sur- immediate vicinity of the metropolis, the rounded by a wall in 1450, when James the E D E I)

Second granted the inhabitants a charter jesty was received by the Lord Provost and to fortify the Town; and about the same Magistrates, who at a temporary barrier, time, presented the incorporated trades delivered to h :.m the Keys of the City. The with a standard, which still exists, known cavalcade, after traversing a part of the new

by the name of the Blue Blanket ; this wall town, arrived, by the Regent^ Bridge, Cal- was again built, and the circuit extended, ton and Abbey Hill, at the ancient Palace in 1571. Ail the houses in the old town of the Scottish Kings; which His Majesty are of a great height; eight flats, or stories, entered, amidst the deafening shouts of tri- as they are here called, are common, and umph of a population remarkable for loyal- some are ten, and even twelve stories high. ty and attachment to their Kings,.—of dis- This uncommon elevation seems to have charges of canon placed upon the Calton arisen from the confined space on the mid- Hill and the Crags, on both of which the dle rjdgeformmg the High Street, andfrom Royal Bannerproudly waved, as well as by

the desire to be near to the Castle. The a royal salute from the Castle ; after a short lands or houses in the wynds or lanes, on stay, His Majesty went to Dalkeith House, the declivities on each side of this street, the Palace of his Grace the Duke of Buc- are also very high; these lands have a com- cleuch, about six miles south of Edinburgh, mon stair, giving access to the separate which had been fitted up for his residence. lodgings or flats, and it is not uncommon to On the 15th the King remained at D.dkeith find from 18 to 24 families in the same House, where he repeatedly expressed him-

building ; thus rendering these crowded a- self highly delighted with his residence, bodes, not only unhealthy and uncomforta- with the reception he had met with on his blebut dangerous from fire. The land in the landing, and the orderly and decorous ap- neighbourhood of the capital is in the high- pearance of his Scottish subjects, and the est state of cultivation, and rents high for intellectual dignity of their manner. A garden ground and villas. The modern most brilliant illumination took place in mansions and gentlemen's seats are nu- Edinburgh this evening, never exceeded merous and splendid. In the immediate on any former occasion. On Saturday the neighbourhood may be noticed the houses 17th His Majesty held a Levee—the atten- of Belmount, Beechwood, Clermiston, and dance on which was most numerous and

others ; Collington House and Dreghorn, splendid. The King, in compliment to the Redhall, Hailes, and Spylaw; Dalmahoy, Country, appeared in complete Highland the principal seat of the Earl of Morton; costume, made of the Royal Stuart Tartan. and Hatton, formerly belonging to the Earl The company of Royal Archers did the duty of Lauderdale. To the east of the metro- of Body Guards. AttheLeveenot less than polis is Prestonfield, and the House of Dud- 2000 persons were presented. On Monday dingston, the elegant mansion of the Earl the 19th His Majesty held a Court, and Clo- of Abercorn. Duddingston Loch is a beau- set Audience at , when ma- tiful and romantic sheet of water, near this ny loyal addresses were presented. On the mansion, at the foot of Arthur's Seat. One 20th the King held a Drawing Room, which of the most remarkable ofthe recent events was attended b? about 500 ladies of the in our national annals, is the visit of His most distinguished rank, fashion and beau- Majesty George the Fourth to Scotland, ty in Scotland. On the 22d His Majesty and honouring the Palace of his ancestors visited the Castle. On this occasion the with his presence. On the 14th August streets presented a scene of extraordinary

1822, the Royal George, having His Majes- animation. The Regalia ofScotland ( which ty on board, anchored in Leith B.oads. had been previously removed to Holyrood | While here His Majesty received the me- from the Castle), was carried in procession, lancholy intelligence of the death of the and afforded to the dflighted populace a Marquis of Londonderry. The weather be- sight of their long lost Crown and Sceptre. ing unfavourable His Majesty did not land The procession was most impressive,— it till the 15th about noon. He was dressed was splendid without being gaudy; and in an Admiral's uniform, with a thistle while the variety of the different costumes and sprig of Heath on his hat; and a superb was admirably calculated for effect, the ju- St Andrew's Cross, presented to him by dicious mixture of the Clans with their tar- Sir , in name of the Ladies of tan habiliments, and of the assembled Edinburgh. This evening the town of troops, formed a happy relief to the official Leith was most superbly illuminated. The splendour which marked the other parts of procession to Kdinburgh by Leith Walk was the pageant. His Majesty was dressedin a magnificent ; and at Gayfield Place His Ma- Field Marshall's uniform. The King as- ;

cended the upper platform placed upon the . from all partsofthekingdom, was estimated (

half moon battery, where he gate three j at 30O,0OU. Sir William Arbuthnot, Lord cheers, waving his hat; and was cheered Provost of Edinburgh, was Kru;;!utd at the by the immense multitude who occupied Banquet; and Captain Adam Ferguson, the Castle Hill, the streets, and the sur- and Mr Henry Raeburn, the celebrated por-

rounding elevations. On the 23d Kis Ma- trait painter, • were Knighted at Hopeton jesty reviewed the whoie Volunteer Caval- House. The antiquities of Edinburgh and ry and Yeomanry of the principal lowland its vicinity, are numerous, and consist chiei- districts, on the Sands of Portobello. In ly of the remains of religious establishments, the evening the King attended a splendid from the number and variety of these ruins, Ball, given by the Peers, in the Assembly they cannot be described in a work like this. Rooms, George Street. On the '24th His The Castle of Craigmillar is a rum of great Majesty honoured the City by his presence antiquity, about two miles south from Edin- at a splendid Banquet, given by the Lord burgh: it wasfounded'in 1312, and was at Provost, Magistrates, and Town Council, in times the residence of Mary Queen of Scots, the Parliament House. On Sunday the 25th, —it is seated on a rock 274 feet above the the King attended Divine Service in the level of the sea, and commands a most ex- High Church of St Giles. In his way from tensive view. A small room in one of the the Palace to Church, he was received by upper turrets, is shewn here as Queen Ma- the Populace of Edinburgh, with that reve- ry's Bed room, and it is worthy of remark, rence and respect which the Scotch pay to that in all the places where she resided the • the Sabbath,—the people reverently took rooms which she occupied are of very small offtheir hats, but not a voice was raised to size, this one is seven feet by live, yet has

hail his appearance ! Great as their exulta- two windows, and a fire place. A Village tion must have been to behold their Sove- in the vicinity still retains the name of Lit reign in the midst of them, the sentiment tie ,from having been the residence

of piety alone predominated ; and of the of Queen Mary's attendants. Although the great multitude collected, not one of them increase of the population of Edinburgh, for a moment forgot the divine precept, to within the last SO years, has been great keep the Sabbath-day holy. On the 26th and rapid, yet it has not kept pace with His Majesty paid a private visit to the Pa- the increase and extent of the buildings, lace of Holyrood, for the purpose of inspec- during the same period. This may be ac- ting its apartments; —same evening he at- counted for, by remarking the rapid strides

tended a Ball given by the Caledonian Hunt. of improvement made in the comfor ,.» of On the 27th the foundation stone of the life anu reiinement, demanding more do- National Monument was laid on the Cal- mestic accommodation than was required tonhill, with a splendid Masonic Proces- half a century ago. To this cause may be sion, by Commissioners representing His Ma- added, the great and constant demand for jesty. On the same day the King visited lodgings, or temporary accommodation for Melville Castle, the seat of Lord Viscount students and occasional visitors to the City, Melville. His Majesty dined alone at Dal- —these lodging houses consist of a number

keith House ; and in the evening visited of apartments, which must be rented, al- the Theatre. On the 28th His Majesty en- though they are only partially occupied for tertained a large party at dinner in Dalkeith the whole year; and there are many houses House, and on the 29th he took his depar- now possessed by one family, which fifty ture from Port Edgar near Queensferry, years ago, would have accommodated a after visiting Hopeton House, the princely dozen. Edinburgh has fourteen Churches, mansion of the Earl of Hopeton. It would and seven Chapels of Ease, belonging to the be difficult to determine, whether the re- Establishment, and one Gaelic Chapel ception which His Majesty met with, from there are six Chapels belonging to the his Scottish subjects, was more flatteringto Church of England. The Dissenters are the King, or honourable to the people. His very numerous,- -there are nine places of Majesty remarked to Lord Lyndoch, after worship belonging to tbe United Associate he arrived at the Palace, " that he had of- Synod, one Original Burghers, two Original " ten heard the Scotch were a proud na- Antiburghtrs, six Keliet Congregations, one *' tion ; and they had reason to be so, for Cameraman, two Independents, four Bap- " they appeared to be a nation of Gentle- tist, two Methodist, one Roman Catholic, "men; he himself was proud of them." one Berean, one Unitarian, one Glas- The multitude who witnessed the memo- site, one Society of Friends, one New Jeru- rable spectacle of His Majesty's landing, salem Temple, and one Jews' Synagogue.

L I L

The population of Edinburgh, including , Melrose, in Roxburghshire. West the parishes of South and North Leith, is 1 310 feet above the level of the sea, bui is thus stated at the following periods. the N. E. hill is chiefly noted for the vesti- I

In the year 1755, 57,220, in the year 1775, ! ges of a regularly fortified Roman camp. 69,039. These results were taken from a ELGIN, a parish in the county of Moray, calculation of the number of families, rec- 10 miles by 6. It is flat, rising gently to- koning six as the average of each family. wards the Black-hills. In the back parts Uutfrom an accurate survey made in 1791, the soil is in general sandy, but many places the number of families were found to be are of a rich loam and clay, very fertile. 18,654, and the number of Inhabitants Near the town of Elgin, on an eminence, 74,886, which gives an average of four to called Ladyhill, are the remains of a fortifi-

each family only ; this comes nearer to the cation, which is known to have existed in truth, and agrees with the calculations of the reign of William the Lion. The ruins l>r Price, and those of the statistical ac- of the priory of Pluscardineare very magni- count of Scotland. In the year ficent. It was founded by Alexander II. 1801, the Population, including Leith, The beautiful glen in which this fine ruin was - - - 82,560. is situated, is the property of the Earl of 1811, - - - 102.9S7. Fife. Population of the town and parish 1821, - - - 138,235. 4602.—The BURGH of ELGIN, the county Edinburgh has a weekly market on Wed- town, lies 63 miles anda-balfN. W. of A.' nesday, for Corn, Cattle and Horses, and berdeen, and 144 miles N.from Edinburgh.

an annual Fair, h ;1 on the second Monday It is pleasantly situated en the banks of the of November, called All Hallow Fair. Lossie, about 5 miles above its influx into EDDLESTON, a parish in , the German ocean. Elgin is said to have 18 miles in length from N. to S., and in been built by Helgy in 927. Alexander II. bfead'.h about 7 miles. Being hilly, it is in 1234, granted to the burgesses of Elgin well fitted for sheep and cattle. A lake, 2 a guild of merchants, with other privileges. mites in circumference, gives rise to the Andrew, bishop of Moray, in 1224, tran- South Esk.—The VILLAGE is situated on slated the bishopric from Spynie to the the water of Eddleston, 17 miles S.of Edin- church of the Holy Trinity near Elgin, but burgh. Population 91S. the cathedral was destroyed by the Lord of EDilOJI, a parish in Berwickshire, 10 Badenoch, (called the Red Wolf of Bade- miles long, and 6 broad, extending along nocb,)son to Robert II. in 1390. About

the foot of the Lammermuir hills into the the year 14 1 4 it was rebuilt, and, from what Merse. A great part is fertile, and produ- still remains, it appears to have been a large ces excellent corn; but towards the hills is and splendid edifice in the Gothic taste, 264 moorish and shallow. It is watered by the feet by 35. The chapter-house, which is Blackadder and Whitadder, which unite at still entire, is a beautiful apartment. The AHantown. The mineral spring, called cathedral formed one of the most superb Dunse Spa, is on the borders of this parish. structures in the kingdom. Elgin is a well Great part of the land is well inclosed. Po- built town, and consists of one principal pulation 1360. street, about a mile from E. to W., which EOZELL, a parish, partly ;n"Angu;-shire, widens so much towards the middle, as to and partly in Kincardineshire. It is nearly afford room for the church and town-house, surrounded by two rivulets, which here u- clumsy old-fashioned buildings. It is go- nite, forming the North Esk. The soil is verned by a provost, 4 bailies, and 12 coun-

of an inferior quality. The castle of Edzell cillors ; has a dean of guild and six incorpo- is a magnificent ruin. There are three rated trades, and joins with Banff, Cullen, Druidical temples; the largest incloses an Kintore, and Inverury.in sending a mem- area of an elliptical form, 45 feet by 36. ber to parliament. The revenue is about Population 1052. L.2000 per annum. The trade isnot exten- EGLISHAY, one of the Orkney islands; sive, and scarcely any manufacture is car- having a small Gothic church in the West ried on for exportation. Lossie-mouth is pa.'t, dedicated to St. Magnus, the tutelar the property ofthe town. It admits no ves- saint of Orkney. Population 190. sels of any burden. Elgin contains nearly , one of the western isles. It is 6 4000 inhabitants. river in county miles and a half long, andfrom 2 to 3 broad ; ELLIOT, a small the of diitantabout Smilesfrom Airsaig, the near- Angus. Near its confluence with the Ger- est part of the main land. Population 442, man ocean, stands the ruinous castle of Kel- EiLDON HILLS, throe conical hills near ly. ;

E R S

ELLON, a parish in Aberdeenshire, about ERICH T, or EROCHT, a river in the

| 9 miles from to S.andabout5broad. In district of Stormont, formed by the union of N. | the low grounds, on the banks of the Ythan, the Ard:e and Blackwater, or Shee, at Roch- | the soil is dry, but in the northern parts wet alzie; and, after a course of 15 or 14 miles and mossy. There are a few small planta- S.E. falls into the Isla near Cupar. In ii« tions.—The VILLAGE of ELLON is plea- passage through thevalley of Strathmore, it santly situated on the Ythan, 17 miles N. is a very rapid river, frequently overflown g

by W. of Aberdeen. Hereis aconsiderable its banks ; its channel is in general rocky ai d saimon-fishing, and the Ythan is navigable uneven. About a mile below Blairgowrie for large boats within half a mile ofthe town. is the Keith, a fine natural cascade. The Population ofthe parish and village 2194 scenery on the banks of this rivei is pecu- ELVAN, a small river in Lanarkshire, fa- liarly beautiful anduieturesque. It abounds mous for the particles of gold found in its with salmon and trout. sand. ERISAY, one of the smaller Hebrides, ELVANFOOT, a stage inn on the road lying between and Harris. from Glasgow to Carlisle, 12 miles N. W. , a small island ofthe Hebri- from Moffat. des, on the 3. side of . ELY, a small parish in Fifeshire, about a ERNE (LOCH,) a lake in Perthshire, S square mile. The whole is inclosed, and is miles long, and 1 and a half broad at the the property of Sir John Anstruther, who head of Stratherne. Near each end of it has here an elegant residence. Rubies of a are two small islands, evidently artificial, brilliant lustre have been found near the on one of which are the remains of an an- shore. Population 900.—The TOWN of E- cient castle. Near the upper part of the LY lies 6 miles E. of Largo. It has an old lake, Benvoirlich rears its majestic summit.

and antiquated appearance, and its trade E RN E , a river in Perthshire, issuing from is confined to an inconsiderable manufac- the E. end of Loch Erne, about 5 miles and ture ofticks and checks. The only article a half above the village of Comrie. It a- of exportation is grain. Ely possesses an bounds with salmon and trout, and is navi- excellent harbour, which has the deepest gable for small sloops as far as the bridge, water in the Frith of Forth, except Burnt- about four miles from its junction with the island. Tay. ENDRICK, a river which has its source ERNE, (BRIDGE OF) a village in the in the parish of Fintry, Stirlingshire. It parish of Dunbarney, Perthshire, 3 miles runs E. and S. for about 3 miles, and then S. ofPerth. turns W. rushing over the Loup of Fintry, ERROL, a parish in the Carse of Gowrie, and forming a cataract of 90 feet. After Perthshire, 5 and a half miles in length, receiving the river Blane and other streams, and nearly 3 in breadth, stretching across it loses itself in Loch Lomond. the Carse from the foot cfthe hill to the bank*- ENS AY, one ofthe southern divisions of of the Tay. The soil being favourable for the Harris isles. It is about two miles long orchards, a considerable extent is covered and one broad. It has an excellent soil well with fruit trees. The country is intersected cultivated. with small tracks of water, called Pows, col-

EORAPIE-POINT, or Butt of tewis ; lected chiefly from the trenches opened for the northern promontory of the island of draining the grounds. As the tide and cur- Lewis. rent in the Tay were making great en- , a small island of the Hebrides, croachments, the proprietors of the land between Mull and Icolmkill. It contains found it necessary to build stone walls two families. The VILLAGE of ERROL lies 10 miles E. EOY. a small island of the Hebrides, be- from Perth, pleasantly situated, and rising tween Barry and South Uist. by a gradual ascent above the level of the ERIBOLE (LOCH), an arm of the sea, in country, about a mile N. from the Tay. the parish of Durness, Sutherlandshire. It The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the is a spacious harbour, with excellent anchor- linen manufacture. Population 2G86. age. ERSKINE, a parish in Renfrewshire, ERICHT.alakein Perthshire, the larg- bounded by the Clyde on the N.; from E. est in the county, except Loch Tay, being to W. six miles long, and from three to ?4 miles long, but scarcely a mile broad. It four broad. From the Clyde, the ground lies at the head of the district of Rannoch, '• rises gradually towards the S. in gently and extends some milesinto Inverness-shire, swelling ridges, of inconsiderable height.

situated in the very heart ofthe Grampians. I The soil is in general light and shallew, e t_t

.Fruit and forest trees thrive well, particular- shire on the N. Roxburghshire on the E. ly on the banks of the Clyde. There are se- and on the S. It contains the veral valuable fishings on the Clyde. Lord parishes of , Westerkirk, Lang- Elantyre's estate possesses two or three ex- holm, and Canoby. cellent freestone quarries, and there are ESKDALEMUIR., a parishin Eskdale, 11

some appearances of coal ; Erskine, a seat miles long, and S broad, extending along of Lord Blantyre, is a fine building, sur- the two rivulets, which united, form the Esk. rounded with extensive parks and planta- It contains 66 square miles. The surface is tions. Population 963. mountainous, and only adapted for sheep

ESK (BLACK), a river of Dumfries-shire, pasture ; but on the banks of the rivers which rises in the parish of Eskdalemuir, there are a few meadows, which admit of and after a southerly course of some miles, culture. On almost every hill there are falls into the White Esk, at Kingpool, in marks of encampments, the principal of the parish of Westerkirk. which is that which lies on a tongue of land ESK (WHITE), rises in the same parish, between the Esk and Raeburn. Population on the high ground near the junction of the 561. county with Selkirk. At Kingpool, the Esk ESSIE and NEVAY, an united parish in .keeps a S. E. direction to its confluence with Angus-shire, occupying part ofthe northern

the Liddel ; it then takes a S. W. direction, declivity of the Sidlaw hills, and part of the and forms the boundary of the two King- valley of Strathmore, containing about S

doms for some miles : it enters England at square miles, about one halfof which is cul- the Scots Dyke, and flowing by Langton, is tivated. It is washed by the river Dean, joined by the Lyne, which then falls into and by two small rivulets. The soil is vari- the Solway Frith. ous. A great part is inclosed and well cul- ESK (NORTH), a river in Forfarshire, tivated; and there is an excellent freestone which has its source amongst the Grampian quarry at the foot of Sidlaw. Population mountains, from a small lake called Lee, 63S. and running eastward forms the boundary ETIVE (LOCH), a navigable inlet of the between Angus and Mearns, falling into the sea, in Argyleshire, 20 miles long, but of un- German Ocean, about 3 miles N. from Mon- equal breadth. Its shores are pleasant, be- trose. ing indented with creeks and bays, which ESK (SOUTH), a river in the same coun- afford safe anchorage in any wind. The ex- ty, which takes its rise in the Grampians, tremity of Loch Etive takes a north-easterly and passing the town of Brechin, falls into direction, till it receives the waters of the the Ocean at Montrose. About 2 miles from Etie, running through Glen Etie. In Loch its mouth it expands into a large basin. Etive is a small island, termed EalanUsnach, There are several valuable salmon fishings " the island of Usnath." About 7 miles on the river. The Banks are ornamented from the sea, the lake contracts into a nar- by many elegant seats, of which Brechin row channel. A ridge of rugged rocks here castle, Bossie, and Kinnaird, are the chief.' runs across two-thirds of the channel, and ESK (NORTH), a river of Mid- Lothian, occasions, at particular times of the tide, a

which takes its rise in the parish of Linton, current flowing with dreadful rapidity ; and county of Peebles. It is joined by the wa- when swelled unusually, it discharges itself ter of Glencross at Auchindinny, and by the with a violence and noise unequalled by the S. Esk about a mile below Dalkeith. No- loudest cataract. There is a ferry, which is thing can exceed the rich scenery on this id, safe at particular times of the tide. About ver; winding its course through a deep and 2 miles below, on a promontory almost in- sequestered vale, it passes the village of Pen- sulated, is the ancient regal residence of nycuick, passes Roslin, Hawthornden, Las- Dunstaffnage. • swade, and Melville castle and Dalkeith, un- ETTR ICK, a parish in Selkirkshire, about til it reaches the sea at Musselburgh. 10 miles square. The appearance is hilly; ESK (SOUTH), takes its rise from a small the river Ettrick winds through it. The lake in the parish of Eddleston, Peebles- soil in the vallies is deep and fertile ; but shire, and running by Dalhousie and New- very few good crops are raised, from the e- battle, joins the North Esk below Dalkeith. levation of the land, and the frequency of —From this river the district through which rain. The hills are fit only for pasturage. it runs acquired the name of Eskdale. There are two lakes contiguous, partly in ESKDALE, the eastern district of Dum- Yarrow, called the Loch of the Lows, and friesshire, through which theriver Esk runs; St Mary's Loch. Population 440. bounded by Annandaleon the W. Selkirk - ETTRICK, a river in Selkirkshire, rising EWE j E Y N

in the parish of the same name, and, after exhibiting some finescenery. Only a small winding about 50 miles, in a N. E. direc- part is under cultivation. Population 338. tion, receives the Yarrow near , EWES, a small river in Dumfries-shire, and falls into the Tweed, 3 miles above in the parish of Ewes; rises at Moss-paul, Melrose. and joins the Esk at Langholm. ETTRICK FOREST, comprehends a EYE (LOCH), a small lake in the parish great part of Selkirkshire, it belongs to of Fearn, Ross-shire, about 2mileslong, and the crown. half a mile broad. From it proceeds the EU (LOCH), an arm ofthe sea on the W. rivulet Eye, forming in its course a succes- coast of Ross-shire, in the parish ofGairloch. sion of smaller lakes, which are much fre- EUCHAR, a rivulet in Argyleshire. It quented by aquatic fowls. It fallsintothe rises in Loch Scamnadale, and, after a ra- Moray Frith, near the village of Balin- pid course N. W. fails into the ocean at the tore. Sound of Mull. EYE, a river in Berwickshire, which EVAN, a small river in Dumfries-shire, rises in the parish of Cockburnspath, and, in the parish of Moffat; takes its rise at after being joined by the Ale, falls into Clydesnan, near the source of the Clyde, the sea at Eyemouth. and, after a course of 12 or 11 miles south- EYEMOUTH, a parish in Berwickshire, on erly, falls into the Annan, 2 miles below the sea coast, containing about S0O square Moffat. acres. The soil is good, producing every sort EVELICKS, a river in Sutherlandshire, of grain. On a small promontory aiethere- which falls into the Frith of Dornoch. It mainsofaregularfortificalion. Population

abounds with trout and salmon ; and a fish- 962.—The TOWN of EYEMOUTH lies ing village of the same name is situated at 7 miles N. W. of Berwick-on-Tweed. its mouth. This town is a burgh of barony, of which EVIE and RENDALL, an united parish Mr Home of Wedderburn is proprietor. in the mainland of Orkney, about 10 miles At the beginning of last century, Eye- long, and the inhabited part in breadth a- mouth was a small fishing village; but, bout one and a half. The soil is tolerably shortly after the Union, the gentlemen of fertile, considering the variable climate and the comity took advantage of the excellent mode of culture. Many of the inhabitants natural harbour, and erected piers by sub- are employed in the fisheries. Pop. 1227. scription. It lies at the corner of a bay, in EVORT (LOCH), a harbour on the E. which ships can work in and out at all times, coast of North Uist. or lie at anchor secure from all winds, ex- EWES, or , a parish in the cept the N. and N. E. Trade has since in-

district of Eskdale, about 8 miles in length creased ; and corn and meal have been from N. to S. Its medium breadth is 5 shipped to the extent of 20,000 bolls annu- and a half, and contains 54 and a half square ally, and in some years more than double miles. It is watered by the river Ewes. that quantity. Though hilly, it is mostly covered with ver- EYXORT (LOCH), a harbour on theE. dure, and fringed with thriving plantations, coast of S. Uist.

F A I

J7AIRAY, one of the Orkney islands, a- encompassed with precipitous rocks. The bout a mile long, and half a mile broad, soil is tolerably fertile, and the sheep pas- Separated by a narrow sound from the is- ture on the hills is excellent, and noted for land of Eda'y. It affords excellent pastur- improving the wool. It is reckoned one age.' of the Shetland isles, and is annexed to , an island between Orkney the parish of Dunrossness, 25 miles dis- and Shetland, the inhabitants of which are tant. Population 220. almostinastate of nature. Fair Isle is up- FAIRLEY, a sea-port village in Ayr- wards of 5 miles long, and nearly 2 broad, shire, in the parish of Largs, 18 miles S. W. rising into three lofty promontories, and of Greenock. Population 130. F A L 106 A R

&"Af,A and SOUTKA, an united parish other trees. Besides the town of Falkland, in the Lothians, ofwhich Fala lies in Edin- and the contiguous suburbs of Ballinbrae, burghshire, and Soutra in Haddingtonshire. the parish contains two other villages, New- It eomprehends part of the Lammermuir ton and Freuchie. Population of the town ridge, of which Soutrahill is the N. W. and parish, '2320.—The TOWN of FALK- point. It is 4 miles long, and about 5 LAND lies 8 miles W. of Cupar. It is situ- broad. From the foot of the hill, the sur- ated so near the N. side of the E. Lomond, face is nearly level, and is tolerably fertile. that for more than a month in winter the The lands are in a state of cultivation. sun is never seen. It was erected into a There are the ruins of an hospital on Sou- burgh by James II. in 145S; the revenue tra-hill, founded in 1164 by Malcolm IV., is about L130 per annum. Falkland con- for the relief of pilgrims and poor sickly sists chiefly of one street, in which is the people. Population 561. town-house, a modern fabric. The palace FALKIRK, a parish in Stirlingshire, be- stands at the E. end, on the N. side of the tween 7 and 8 miles long, and 4 broad. street; it is now wholly ruinous except the From the Carron, which forms its bounda- front, in w hich a family resides. This pa- ry on the N. to the ridge on which the lace was for many years the occasional re- town stands, the ground is level, of a rich sidence of the royal family of Scotland, and clay soil, of great fertility. To the south- James V. died here in 1542. The vault in ward, the ground is more elevated and un- which the was starved to equal, but mostly arable. This parish con- death is still to be seen. Falkland has a ve- tains the town and port of Grangemouth, ry large common, including the whole E. the villages of Camelon, Laurieston, Gra- Lomond. hamston, and Bainsford. The great canal FALLOCH, a riverin the parish of Killin, intersects it, and vestiges of the Roman Perthshire, partly in Dunbartonshire. It rises wall are still visible at the S. part, of the at Coilater More, and after a rapid course town. Population 10,395.—The TOWN through Glenfalloch, falls into Loch Lo- of FALKIRK lies 24 miles West of Edin- mond. burgh. It is situated on an eminence, com- FANNICH (LOCK), a lake in Ross-shire, manding an extensive and delightful pro- 9 miles long, and from 1 to 1 and a half spect. Falkirk consists principally of one broad. It discharges itself by a small river street, about three-quarters-of a mile from called Grudie, into Loch Lichart. E. to W., from which run a number of FAR, a mountainous parish in Suther- •wynds. The street is in most places broad landshire, 50 miles long from N.toS., the and spacious, though not very uniform. breadth varyingfrom 3 to 14: bounded on The town was once a burgh of barony un- the N. by the ocean. The soil is in gener-

der the Earl of Linlithgow ; since the fall al barren and shallow j. but on the banks of of that family, it is under no municipal go- the rivers Naver and Borgie it is deep, and vernment. The late church was founded tolerably fertile. The extent of sea coast by Malcolm III. in 1057. A large and is 11 miles; the shore is high and rocky. commodious new church is erected on its The whole coast is excavated into extensive site. In the middle of the street, an ele- caves, affording retreat to immense num- gant steeple, 130feet high, has been lately bers of seals. Loch Naver is the principal

erected. Falkirk has few manufactures ; lake in the district. There are a few Pictish but, being situated in the heart of a popu- castles, and a ruin on the promontory of lous country, it has a good inland trade. Far-head. Population in 1801, 2408. It has four great trysts, or cattle fairs. FARA, a small island of the Hebrides, FALKLAND, a parish in Fifeshire, of a lying between Barray and South Uist. square form, about 10,000 acres. Towards FARA, one of the small Orkney islands, the N. is a plain or flat, called the Park of a mile S. E. of . Falkland, about a mile and a half square, FARA, an island of Orkney, between from which the surface gradually rises on and . the S. to that hilly ridge which forms the FARE-HILL, a hill in the parish ofMid- Lomonds. The ridge affords, in most pla- Marr, Aberdeenshire, rising from a base of ces, excellent pasture, though interspersed 16 miles in circumference, to 1793 feet a- with abrupt and rugged masses of freestone bove the level of the sea. rock, and loose heaps of blue moorstone. FARG, a small river in Perthshire. It The soil is partly a light brown loam, part- takes its rise in the Ochil hills, and loses it- ly sand an* grave! ; but the greater part is self in the river Erne at Culfargie. %de«p most, containing the roots of oak and FAR-OUT-HEAD, a conspicuous pro 107 F E T montory in the paiuh uf Durness, Suther- FERRELL, a parish in Angus, 3 miles landshire. long, snd 2 broad, situated on the S. bank of FARRAR, a small river in Ross-shire, the South Esk. The low ground near tbe one of the principal branches ot'the Beauly. river is fertile, having a fine clay and loamy FEACHAN (LOCH), an arm oftiie sea, soil, capable of producing all kinds of grain,; in Argyleshire, in the district of Lorn. the higher grounds are inferior, except an FEACHORY, a small river in Athole, estate of about 100 acres. The parish be- Perthshire, which rises on the borders of longs to the family of Carnegie of South Esk, Fortingal, andt'alls into the Gairy. who have a residence at Kinnaird castle. FEARN, a parish in Ross-shire, forming Near the church is an old castle, once the a square of about 2 miles. The surface is residence of tiie ancestors of the family of nearly flat. In the centre, the soil is a deep Airly. Populatiflti'5S2. loam; towards the S. and VV.it is a rich , a promerrtory of Orkney, on clay; the N. and E. is graveliish and san- the W. coast of the isle of Ed'ay. dy. Loch Eye occupies the central district. FERRINTOSH.a village and barony in The coast of the Moray Frith is flat and the parish of Urqubart, RossrShire, about a sandy for about a mile ; on it are the small mile E. from Dingwall. fishing towns of Balintore and Hilltown. FERROGAN-BEIN, a mountain in Freestone abounds in several places. Tbe Perthshire, 8 miles S. of Blair-Athole. VILLAGE of FEARN is situated near the FERRY, a village in Forfarshire, seated

j old abbey, which is a ruin of great antiqui- on the frith ofTay, about 3 miles E. from ; ty, founded by Ferguard, the first Earl of Dundee. It is divided into two .•districts.,

Ross, in the reign of Alexander II. Near the East and West Ferries; the former ij; the abbey, a high square column is erected, the parish of Monifieth, and the latter Ik covered with Saxon characters, but illegi- that of Dundee. 500 inhabitants. ble.. The castle of Lochlinis also a remarka- FFRRY (LITTLE and MEIKLE), villa- ble building. It has stood upwards of 500 ges in Ross-shire, on the Frith of Dornoch. years, and before the invention of artillery- FERRY DEN, a village in Forfarshire, in must have been impregnable. There is a- the parish of Craig, on the S. bank of the nother very ancient ruin at Cadboll, of South Esk, and nearly opposite to Montrose, which nothing remains but a few vaults and As it formerly was the ftrry to Montrose, the the side walls. Population 1508. erection of the bridge has materially injured FENWICK, a parish in Ayrshire, 9 miles it. It has a good harbour and a safe road- long from E. to W., and 6 broad. The sur- stead. Population 400. face is broken, though none of the eminen- FERRY-PORT-ON-CRAIG, a parish, in ces are considerable. The whole soil is mos- Fifeshire, stretching along the S. bank of sy ; but, towards the western border, toler- the Tay, Smiles lone, and from a half to a ably fruitful and well cultivated. It is wa- mile broad. It is generally well cultivated. tered by two rivulets, which run into the ri- - The VILLAGE of FERRY-PORT-ON- ver Irvine, near the sea. —The VILLAGE CRAIG is situated at the mouth ofthe Tay, of FENWICK is pleasantly situated on the about 4 miles below VVoodhaven. It has a banks of one of these, 4 miles E. of Kilmar- small harbour ; and a number of houses nock. It contains nearly 200 inhabitants. has beenlately built. Population of the pa- The Kirktown, another village, contains a- rish and village 1164. bout 220 inhabitants. Population 1489. , one of the most northerly of FERGUS (ST.), a parish in that part of the Shetland isles, about 4 miles long, and the district of Euchan which belongs to the 3 and a half broad, with a tolerably fertile county of Banff". There is a succession of soil of loam and sand, producing barley, rising grounds and valleys, having a^ch oats, and other corn abundantly. Popula- fertile clay soil. The coastis bold and rocky. tion about 800. There is a salmon fishing on the Ugie. A , a village in the parish bleachfield at employs a number of , Aberdeenshire, the property of hands. A considerable quantity of fine of Mr Ferguson of Pitfour. About 200 in- yam is spun. Population 1378. habitants. FERN, a parish in Angus, 5 miles long ,aparishin Kincardine- from N. to S. and 2 broad at the foot of the shire. It lies at the foot ofthe lower range Grampian hills. The farms in the hills af- of the Grampian mountains, extending con- ford excellent pasture. It is washed by the siderably into the M earns, and containing rivulets Cruichand Noran. There isablue 14,359 English acres. The ground on the slate quarry here. Population 419. W. is light and lharp, with a small mixtura F I F 108 N

of moss; on the E. it becomes deeper, of a rivers, except the Eden and Leven ; the fish- fertile clayey loam. The greater part is in- ings, the coal mines, the harbours, and other closed, and a great quantity of trees were advantages, must have early attracted set- planted by the late Lord Adam Gordon, tlers on the coast. James V. compared this who built an elegant house, at a small dis- county to a grey mantle with a gold fringe. tance from the North Esk, where he has The whole coast is covered with small laid out some extensive walks. A roman- burghs, which that monarch regarded with tic bridge, called Gannachy bridge, is particular attention. He granted them thrown over the North Esk,thefoundations many privileges and immunities, and en- of which stand on two stupendous rocks. deavoured to encourage the inhabitants, to About a mile W. from Fettercairn is a ruin prosecute the advantages which they pos- called Fennella's Castle, where, it is said, sessed. It contains 13 royal burghs, which Kenneth III. King of Scotland, was mur- possess parliamentary representation, and dered. Population 1502. several which have lost that privilege, FETTERESSO, a parish in Kincardine- from inability to defray the expense which shire, about 10 miles long, and nearly 6 attended the sending a commissioner to the

broad ; containing 24,914 square acres, 8000 Scottish parliament. Of those which retain of which are arable, the rest moor or moss, all their privileges, except that of sending a which is now planted with thriving trees. member to parliament, we may mention It is watered by the small rivers Cowie and Auchtermuchty, Strathmiglo, Newburgh, Carron, near the former of which stands the Falkland, Earlsferry, &c. To this county house of Urie.—About 2 miles S. W. from also belong the small islands of May, Inch- Urie, is the house of Fetteresso. The coast colm, and . There are few large possesses only one bay where fishing boats estates in Fifeshire. From the minute di- can lie in safety. Near Stonehaven, which vision of the land, in no county in Scotland lies on the border of the parish, Mr Barclay is land of greater value. It is divided into has a village, consisting of two parallel and 63 parochial districts, and contains 101,272 cross streets, with a square of two acres in inhabitants, being upwards of 201 to the

the middle. Its inhabitants resort to the square mile ; a larger proportion than exists harbour of Stonehaven. Population 4252. iu any other country to the northward of FIDDICH, a river in Banffshire, which the Forth. It was anciently an earldom in has its rise between the parishes of Kirk- the Macdufffamily. The ruins of the resi- michael and Mortlach, and joins the Spey, dences of that powerful family are still evi- about a mile below Elchies. dent in many parts. The whole of the S.

FIDDRIE, a small island in the mouth side lies upon coal ; in many places is excel-

of the Frith of Forth, opposite to Dirleton. lent limestone ; and ironstone is found in the FIFE-NESS, the eastern point of land in western and middle quarters.—Lead ore Js Fifeshire, which projects into the German found in the Eastern Lomond. In Kemback Ocean. parish, also, it has been wrought. Pebbles, FIFESHIRE. This extensive and popu- agates, and rubies of uncommon beauty, lous county is a sort of peninsula, lying be- are procured in several places. The valued tween the Friths of Tay and Forth, and the rent is L. 362,584, 7s. 5d. Scots, and the re:il German Ocean bounds it on the E. It is, land rent is estimated at L.174,000 Sterling. on an average, 3G mites long, and 14 broad, FILL AN, a river in Perthshire, in the comprehending a superficies of nearly 504 parish of Killin, it takes its rise on the bor-

square miles. The face of the country is ders of Argyleshire, and, winding a circui- agreeably diversified; towards the W. it is tous course of S or 9 miles through a valley, mountainous, and a ridge of hills extends to which it gives the name of Strathrillan, eastward almost its wholelength, occupying falls into Loch Dochart.

the central district ; towards the N. and S. FINANjST.) a small and beautiful island the surface gradually descends to the friths, in Argyleshire, in loch Shiel, upon which exhibiting the most beautiful prospect of are the ruins of a church. fertile and well cultivated fields. Woods FINNIN.ariverin Invernes«-shire, which and plantations abound, and the hills are gives name to Glenfinnin, and falls into the covered with sheep, whose wool is in high eastern extremity or* Loch Shiel. estimation. Great improvements have been FINUHAVEN, a hill in the parish of Oath-

lately made in agriculture ; and the farms, law, in Angus-shire, about 1500 feet above especially on the N. declivify, are rented the level of the adjacent country. On its exceedingly high, It is watered by several summit are the remains of an extensive •reams, none of which deserve the name of fortification, which appears to have beet. F I N 1 0'J F L I

built without mortar, and in several places Carron, which take their rise in this parish, discovers marks of vitrification. form several romantic falls. At the Loup rises FINDHORN, a rapid river that in ! of Fintry, the Endrick falls 90 feet. Near the hills betwixt those districts of Inverness- the village of Fintry is a hill called the | shire, called Stratherrig and , a- Dun, in which is a fine range of basaltic co- bove 50 miles from the sea, and discharges lumns, of 70 pillars in front, 50 feet in length. itself into the Moray Frith, about 4 miles Population 1003. below Forres. It abounds with trout and FIRMONTH, the highest mountain in salmon, and is navigable for small vessels as the forest of Glentannar, in Aberdeenshire, far as the tide flows. about 2500 feet high. FINDHORN, a village and seaport in FIRTH and ST ENNES, an united parish the parish of Kinloss, Morayshire, 4 miles in the mainland of Orkney, about 2 miles in N.from Forres. It is situated at the mouth length. It contains many moors and hilly of the bay and river of Findhom. It exports ridges, covered with heath and peat-moss salmon, corn, and yarn. It has been long to the summit. The soil is various; inmost famousfor curing and drying haddocks. The places shallow upon a tilly bottom. Popu- village formerly stood a mile to the N. W. of lation 1062. the present one, but was swallowed up in FISHERROW, a sea-port in the parish of one tide by an inundation of the sea and Inveresk, and county of Mid-Lothian, 5 river in 1701, and the place where it then miles E. from Edinburgh, and adjoining stood is now the bottom of the sea. Musseibuigh, on the E. from which it is se- FINDOCHTIE, a village in the parish of parated by the river Esk. It consists prin- Ruthven, Banffshire. It was settled as a cipally of one street, which is broad and spa- fishing station in 171G. It contains about cious, and in which a number ofgood houses 170 inhabitants. have been lately built. Fisherrow has but FINDON, a small fishing village in Kin- little foreign trade, except the importation cardineshire, near Girdieness. of wood, and some Baltic produce. The FINLAGAN (LOCH), a lake in the cen- home trade is confined to a starch manufac- tre of the island of Isla, about 3 miles in tory, a tan-work, and three breweries. Fish- circumference. It abaunds with salmon errow is conjoined with Musselburgh in mu- and trout, and discharges itself into the nicipal government. ocean at Lagan bay, by arivulet of the same FITHIE (LOCH), a beautiful lake, about name. On an island within the lake are a mile in circumference, in the parish of the ruins of an ancientcastle, which belong- Forfar, Angus-shire. ed to Macdonald, . FLADDA, an island of the Hebrides, 6 FINNIS BAY, a harbour on the E. miles from the isle of Sky, about 2 miles in coast of the isle of Harris. circumference. FINTRAY, a parish in Aberdeenshire, FLADDA, one of the Trieshnish isles, nearly 5 miles long, and from 3 to 4 broad, near the . containing about 10,000 acres; is hilly, but FLADDA, three isles between Barray in the low grounds, particularly on the and Sanderay. of the Don, soil is rich and fertile. banks the FLA D DA Y, -a large flat island in the dis- Nearly 500 acres are covered with planta- trict of Harris, near the isle of Scarp. tions. Population 864- , 7 or 8 in number, FINTRY, a parish in Stirlingshire, 5 uninhabited, about 12 miles N. W.from the miles long, and 4 broad, situated in that isle of Skye. range of hills which reaches from Stirling to FLA.TTA, two of the smaller Western Duabarton. The only inhabited parts ace Isles. two valleys on the Garron, and Endrick. FLEET, a river in the stewartry of Kirk- southern extremity, the Carron Near the cudbright. It takes its rise from a lake of bog or meadow commences, the largest per- the same name, in the parish of Girthon, haps in Scotland, containing about 500 acres and, after a meandering course through the in one plain, affording excellent meadow vale of Fleet, passing the village of Gate- assuming the hay in summer, and in winter house, falls into Wigton bay in the Solway appearance of a beautiful lake. The arable Frith, near the church of Tyneholm. soil is light, quick, and fertile, and produces , a parish in Fifeshire, on the river excellent crops. A village has been lately Tay, opposite to the Carse of Gowrie, about erected for the accommodation of tne peo- 3 miles long, and 1 broad. The surface is ple employed in the cotton-works on the level, with the exception of one hill called of the Endrick. Endrick and banks The Norman's Law. The soil is fertile, and F O R i FOR 1

well adapted for the culture of wheat. In torn of a bay of the same name ; and at the the western district stands the Castle of bay of is a tolerable fishing village. Banbriech, an ancient edifice, approaching At Portsoy is found that species of jasper fast to ruin. Population 518. called Portsoy marble, which is manufactur- FLOTA, one of the Orkney isles, 5 miles ed into chimney pieces, funeral ornaments, long and 3 and a half broad, mostly en- &c. The hill of D urn seems to be compos- compassed with high rocks. Its heaths af- ed entirely of marble, and a very white ford excellent sheep pasture. Flota con- quartz. On the hill of Durn area triple tains, with 3 small adjoining islands, 250 foss and rampart, which appear to have sur-

inhabitants. rounded it ; and there are remains of seve- , one of the Hebrides, on the ral tumuli and Druidical temples. Popula- N. W. coast of Lewis. tion 2767. FOCHABERS, a town in the parish of , a parish m Kincardine- Bellie, Morayshire, 9 miles east of Elgin, on shire, of an oblong form, in length from E. the E. bank of the Spey, on a plain, having to W. 10 miles, the greatest breadth about a square in the centre, and streets entering 7. The S. part is level, making a part of it at right angles. The town is a burgh of the continuation of the valley of Strath- town, barony. It is a very thriving and more, called the How of the Mearns ; the yearly increasing. It contains 1000 inhabi- N. district is mountainous, with a thin soil, tants. and inferior in fertility. Besides the vil- FODDERTY, a parish in the counties of lage of Auchinblae, there are the ruins of , chiefly situated in a the county-hall, the only vestige that now valley, intersected by the small river Peffer, remains of the ancient town of Kincardine, faim which the valley derives the name of which was the county town till 1660, when . Benivas is one of the most the courts were removed to Stonehaven. elevated hills, and on Knockfallaric is a vi- There are distinct vestiges of a Roman en- trified fort. The soil is tolerable, but the campment to be seen near the mansion

old method of cropping is generally follow- house of Fordoun ; also the ruins of an old ed by the farmers. Population 1900. castle, said to have been a palace belonging F0GO, a parish in Berwickshire, 6 miles to Kenneth III. Population 2535. long from E. to W. and between 5 and 4 FORFAR (COUNTY OF,) See ANGUS- -broad. It is intersected by the river Black- SHIRE. adder, and some of its tributary streams. FORFAR, a Parish in Angus-shire, 6 The whole is arable, except a few acres of miles long, from N. to S. and 5 broad. It swampy ground. At Chesters are the traces is generally level, with the exception ofthe of a Roman encampment. Population 450. hill of Balnashinar. The soil towards the FOOTDEE, a village contiguous to New N. and S. is light and sandy, about the mid- Aberdeen. dle of a spouty clay. There are several FORBES, a parish in Aberdeenshire, lakes, viz. Forfar, Restenet, and Fithie, united to that of Kearn. They are about 6 which have been almost drained for the miles and a half long, and 2 broad, lying on moss and marl with which they abound. ;the banks of the Don and Bogie. The Population ofthe Town and parish 5877.— greater part is moor and uncultivated, and The BURGH of FORFAR is the county several of the mountains rise to a consider- town of Angus-shire, and lies 13 miles and able height. Calwar and Coreen are near- a half N. of Dundee. Theoriginal charters ly 1200 feet above the Don. Population at the erection of Forfar into a royal burgh

too. are lost ; but in 1669, all the ancient char- FORD, a village in Mid-Lothian, parish ters were confirmed. It is governed by a of Borthwick, 10 miles S. E. from Edin- provost, 2 bailies, and 19 councillors, annu- ally elected. The revenue, arising from FORDICE, a parish in Banffshire. It lands, customs, &c. is upwards of L.1000 lies on the sea coast, in a triangular figure, per annum. Forfarjoins with Perth, Dun- each side being nearly 6 miles long. It is dee, St Andrew's, and Cupar-Fife, in'send- in general flat, with some rising grounds or ing a member to Parliament, the streets are hills. Except the two small hays of Portsoy irregular, but many of the houses are well and Sandend, the coast is very bold and built. Nearly opposite, on the N. side of rocky. The Kirktown of Fordice was erec- the town, is an eminence, on which Mal- ted into a burgh of barony in 1499. Besides colm Canmore had a castle, and resided oc-

this village, Portioy is a considerable trad- casionally ; somefragments of the walls are ing and fishing town, situated at the bot- still to be seen on the W\ side. The ma- FOR 1 FOR gistrates lately removed the cross from the The soil is light and fertile, and the greater street to the top of this lieight, to mark the part is under cultivation. Forglen and place where the king resided. The town- Carnousie are elegant mansions. P. 628.

house is newly rebuilt ; but the rooms for , a parish in Aberdeenshire, 9 prisoners are dark, and the utility of the miles long, its greatest breadth being about whole fabric seems to have been sacrificed 6. It is intersected by two rivulets, the to the attainment of a large upper room Fondraught and Forgue. The' soil in the

for public meetings and amusements. A low er parts produces heavy crops ; towards considerable manufacture of Osnaburgs and the S.the ground is mostly covered with

coarse linens is carried on in Forfar ; and heath. Upon the estates ofseveral proprie- the making of coarse shoes, or brogues, em- tors, much has been done in planting and ploys a considerable number of hands. The improving the barren ground. Population great drawback on the manufactures here 1871. is the scarcity of fuel, and the distance FORMAN, one of the Grampian moun- from a sea-port, Dundee being the nearest. tains in Aberdeenshire, upwards of 1000 The town contains about 4150 inhabitants. feet above the Deveron, which runs at its FORFAR, a loch in the above parish, a- base. bout a mile long, and half a mile broad in FORMARTIN, a district of Aberdeen-

some places : it is a fine sheet of water, ly- shire, containing 16 parishes, 280 square ing on the N. W. side of the town. miles, and 16,760 inhabitants. FORGAN, or ST. PHILLAN'S, a parish FORRES, a parish in the county of Mo- in Fifeshire, on the S. bank of the Tay. It ray, 4 miles by 2 and a half. It is mostly is 4 miles long, and about 2 broad. The arable and fertile, but there are some parts surface is elevated in the middle, declining of it covered with heath. The Findhorn is towards the river on the N.the rest having navigable within 2 miles of the town. On a south exposure of nearly 3 miles. The a rising ground, to the southward, stands soil is for the most part a light loam, highly the house of Burdsyards, surrounded with susceptible of cultivation. There are two extensive plantations. Population of the small harbours at Newport and Woodhaven, town and parish, 2925.—The BURGH, of from which there are ferry-boats to Dundee. FORRES lies 92 miles N. W. from Aber- Population 916. deen. The street is about a mile in length FORGANDENNY, a parish in Perth- from E.to W., and near the middle is the s-hire, about 5 miles long, and 2 broad, con- town-house and jail. It is neatly built, on taining about 8000 Scots acres. The lower a rising ground, near the bay of Findhorn, division, which extends from the Erne to the mouth of which, 3 miles distant, is its the foot of the Ochil-hills, is a fine level seaport, with a small village dependant on country, similar in soil to the most fertile the town. It is governed by a provost, 2 land in the Carse of Gowrie. The upper bailies, a dean ofguild, and 12 councillors, er hilly part is rocky, but mostly covered annually elected. It joins with ,

with heath or furze . Besides the Eme, the Nairn, and Inverness, in sending a mem- small river May intersects the parish. ber to Parliament. The revenue is about There are a great number of fine trees in L100 yearly. There is a grammar-school.in the low district; and the sides of the hills the town, where Latin, Greek, French, and- are covered with plantations of fir.— The the branches of the Mathematics, are VILLAGE of FORGAN, situated about taught. Near the town, is a pillar called half a mile from the Erne, is neatly built, Sueno's stone, 25 feet high, covered with having a small clear stream dividing it into antique sculpture, erected in memory of a two parts. Besides this village there are victory over the Danes in 1008. Popula- threa others, called Ardargie, Newton, and tion 2400. Path of Condie, which together contain FORSA, a small island of Argyleshire, nearly 400 inhabitants. This parish con- adjacent to the island of Easdale. tains vestiges of several encampments, par- FORSE, a river in Caithness, which rises ticularly on the summit of a hill called Cas- in the parish of Halkirk, andfalls into the tle Law. Population 939. Pentland frith, at the village of Forse. FORGLEN, a parish in Banffshire, of a , a parish in Perthshire, rectangular figure, 3 miles and a half long, stretching across the level of the strath, and by 2 and ahalf broad. The surface is beau- comprehending part of the Ochil hills. It tifully varied with gentle rising grounds, is 8 miles long, by 2 broad. It is intersected having a gradual slope towards the S. where by the Eme and Slay. Here is situated In- the river Dcveron forms the boundary. ••- vermay, one of the moet romantic and ,

FOR 119 FOR

1 pleasant scats in Stratherne. Population ,j and vessels of 300 tons as far as Alloa. At 835. it is joined by the ! j Grangemouth great canal FORTH, one of the most considerable of communication from the Clyde. It pos- rivers in Scotland'. It takes its rise from a sesses many good harbours; and, above spring in the N. side of Benlomond moun- Queensferry, the whole river may be consi- tain, in Stirlingshire, and running from W. dered as one of the safest road-steads in Bri- to E. nearly the whole breadth of the king- tain. Inverkeitliingbay, Burntisland roads. dom, forms that frith or arm of the German Leith roads, the Ely, &c. are places of safe ocean to which it gives its name It tra- anchorage. It abounds with white fish of

verses Stirlingshire for 10 miles, under the all kinds ; and higher up, there are many name oft he water of Duchary, augmented valuable salmon fishings, particularly at as it proceeds by a number of streams. It Stirling, Alloa, Kincardine, &c. It is ge- then enters Perthshire, where it unites with nerally visited by an annual shoal of her- the water from Lochard in Aberfoyle. The rings. On the shores ofthe frith every where

northern branch issues from a beautiful lake are established salt works ; and the greater called Loch Chon, from which it is precipi- part of the coasts of the counties of Perth, tated in full stream oyer a perpendicular Fife, Stirling, and the Lothians, abound j

rock ; it then forms another expansion, a I with inexhaustible repositories of coal, lime- third, and a fourth, before it descends into stone, and ironstone. Since the completion the low country, to unite with the other of the great canal between the two seas, the branch. When united, it assumes the name tonnage which entered the frith of Forth of the Avendow, or Black River, and, after has increased greatly. The length of its a course of about 5 miles, it becomes the course in a direct line is upwards of 90 miles, boundary of Stirlingshire at Gartmore, but, calculating all the turns and windings, where it assumes the name of the Forth. for which it is so remarkable, it cannot be It is augmented by the Goodie at the bridge estimated at less than 259 miles. of Frew, and about 2 or 3 miles above Stir- FORTINGAL, a parish in Perthshire, ling, by the rivers of Teath and Allan; then conjoined with Kilchonan, 37 miles long, it enters that extensive plain which is term- and 17 broad, occupying the N. W. part of ed" the Carse of Stirling and Falkirk- Thro' the county. It comprehends 3 districts, this valley its meanders are so extensive viz. Fortingal, Glenlyon, and Rannoch, be- and frequent, as to form a great many pe- sides an estate of 1G ploughgates, S. of 'fay- ninsula;, on one of which, immediately op- bridge, 8 miles from the church. The dis- posite to Stirling, stands the ruinous tower trict of Forbingal is about Smiles in length, of the abbey of Cambuskenneth, the only is a fertile valley, with the river Lyon run- remnant of that venerable pile. The sce- ning through the bottom, containing a few nery here is truly interesting. By land the villages, and finely ornamented with wood. distance from Stirling to Alloa is only 6 Glenlyon is a narrow glen, 23 miles long, miles, while by water it is no less than 24. scarcely more than a gun-shot broad, the After passing Alloa, it expands into a con- sides being formed of a ridge of the highest siderable bay, upwards of 20 miles in length, mountains in Perthshire. This district con- but of unequal breadth. At the Queens- tains many small villages, some of which for months in win- ferry it contracts considerably, being not have no sunshine some more than two miles over; in the middle of ter. Kannoch is also surrounded with having Loch Rannoch which is the small island of Inchgarvie, high mountains, valley. The soil with its fortifications. For 3 or 4 miles it in the middle of the Many continues contracted, till, passing the isiand of this district is very indifferent. of Cramond and Inverkeithing bay, it ex large woods of birch, and an extensive pands gradually into a frith, which, oppo- fir wood, still remain, of that immense fo- the district of Perth- site to Leith, is 7 miles in breadth. It con- rest which occupied N. Besides tinues to expand gradually for several miles, shire, and the county of Inverness. other extensive forming many safe harbours and bays on Loch Rannoch, there are Errack and Loch Lyon the Fife coast, till it loses itself in the Ger- lakes, of which Loch of these Lakes man ocean. The mouth of the Forth con- are the chief. From each size. The hills tains several small islands, particularly the issue riveis of considerable and Bein-aidlanich, in Ran- , the Bass, the islands of Fiddrie of Glenlyon mountains. Besides a and Inchkeith, and, farther up, are the is- noch, are the chief the district, lands of Cramond, Inchgarvie, Inchcolm, great many forts throughout Roman encampment and Inchmickery. The Forth is navigable there is an extensive which the area is about SO acres. The for vessels of80 tons as far as Stirling bridge, | of 1

F O U F R A

broken fosse anil vallum are much down by ;, Curtoquhey. The rums of the ancient re- the^pNou-jh, but theprartoriuinisquitecom- sidence of the Earls of Stratherne jj are about plete. of Fortingai are a mile K. In the church yard j j from the church. Popula. 1615. the remains of a yew tree, 52 feet in cir- i| , a parish in Aberdeenshire, cumtereuoe, through the trunk of which I. 4 miles long from E. to W. and 2 broad. tiie funetals pass. Population o'^j'j. The general appearance is level, but. the Ross-shire, FORTROSE, a royal burgh in j; ground rises by a gradual ascent from the

: tiie i :>ea tiie and parish of Rosernarkie, on Moray ; whoie is arable. The river Ythan Frith, 2 miles and a ban from Fort George. forms the boundary on the N. which is na- It is composed of two hums, l.user.iaikie, 1! vigable for nearly 3 miles. In the parish er.vieii in:o a rov.il burgh by Alexander II. R are tile rui:is cf several castles and chapels. and Chanonry. TheW«-weBj united by ,; Population 1400. a charter of James II. in 1411. Fortrose lj FOWLA, orFULF., one of a.e northern is at that time spoken of as a tou n t'.ju.idi- \< isles, supposed to be the Ultima Thule of

; ing in the nrls and science , having been ! the ancients. It is about 3 miles long, and then the seat of divinity, law. and physic, in I andahal, broad, nearly 20 miles distant j j this corner of the kingdom. At present the i| from any land to the westward of the clus- town is small, and owes its consequence !i ters of Orkney and Shetland, to which last chiefly to the establishment cf an academy. it is politically | annexed. It affords good Two small parts of the ancient cathedral pastuiage for sheep, 26" [j and is inhabited by still remain, one of which isuied as a hurl; or 2 7 families. j>l;iC!-.!i the Mackenzie family, and the otiit FOYERS, or FYERS, a smalV river in is oc .-upied as a court-house, with the vau. Inverness-shire, which takes its rise a- ted.prisons below. From this place is a re- I mongst the lofty j mountains in the parish of gular ferry to Fort George. The town con- | Boleskine and AbertarfK, and pouring tains about T-KI inhabitants. It joins with I through the vale of Foyers, falls into Loch- the northern district ofburghs in sending a 1 ness, a mile above the General's Hut. Tha member to parliament. banks of the river, and the sides of the and These mountains, , FOSSAWA Y TULLIBGLE. are j| coveredwithweepingbirch; united parishes lie, the first in Perth, and bat the j mountains occasionally j present the other in Kinross-shire. They occupy a their naked precipitous fronts, from which, considerable extent of the Ochil hills and huge fragments have been hurled down,. the valley below, from the Devon to within The upper Fall is about a mile and a half (i miles of Kinross. - The hills afford good from General's Hut, and nearly half a mile sheep pasture. Several extensive planta- above the lower fall. Here the liver, being tions have been lately made. There aie confined on each side by steep rocks, pre- two villages, which are both burghs of ba- cipitates itself with great velocity, forming rony, the Crook of Devon and Blairgow rie. a very line cataract. A little below the Coal, lime, and ironstone, are found in fall, abridge has been thiown over. At great abundance. Population 1340. the distance of about 20 yards, appears the parish in 1 first part of FOULDEN, a Berwickshire, the fall ; the second and most

containing about 6 square miles. There is I important break is j a few yards nearer, and an oid ruin called Foulden, which appears the lowest almost under the arch. j From j the to have been a place of strength and secu- i arch of the bridge j to the surface of the rityinthc border wars— -The water, after VILLAGE, jj the lowest part of the fall, the which was formerly considerable, is height is a burgh -00; the height of the fall is 70 of barony, under the superiority of Mr Wil- feet. Thefollowiig are the dimensions of kie of Foulden. Population 3GS. the lower fall :—From the top of the rocks FOULIS EASTER, a parish in Perth to the su.f lCe of the water, 470feet; height shire, lately united to Lundie, (q. v.) of the fall in one continued stream, 207 FOULIS WESTER, a parish in Perth- feet; from the surface ofthe smooth water shire, in the district of Stratherne, 8 miles above, to the beginning of the uninterrupted long, and 6 broad. It is fail, watered by the Al- 5 feet ; so that the height of the fall very is mond. A small portion inclosed, may properly be called212feet.— Down this the greater part being fitted for pasture. ! precipice the river rushes with a noise like Abercaimey house is a large and commo- thunder, into the abyss, forming an unbro- dious building, surrounded with extensive ken stream as white as snow. A spray- plantations.--The VILLAGE of Foulis con- arises, whicii envelopes the spectator, and tains about 140 inhabitants. About 2 miles spreads to a considerable distance. W. of ths village, ia the ancient mansion of FRASERBURGH, a parish in Aberdeen- .

FRE 114 F Y V

Shire, S miles by 3 and a half, Containing FUDIA, a small fertile Island- of the He- 10,009 acres. It -stretches 4 miles along brides, 2 miles and a half N. of Barray. the coast. Kinnaird's-head is a high pro- •FURA, a small island on the W. coast of montory, projecting into the sea. The-wa- Ross-shire. *er

Wick. whole length. The surface is uneven : tha FREUCHIE, a manufacturing village fa soil is various, but in general fertile. Fyvie the-parish of Falkland, Fifeshire, containing castle, the seat of General Gordon, is an 480 inhabitants. elegant mansion. Near the church, on the FREUCHIE (LOCH), a small lake in the banks of the Ythan, are the ruins of a pri- parish of Dull, Perthshire, from which the ory, founded by Fergus, Earl of Buchan, In river Bran-has its source. 1179. The road from Aberdeen to Banff passes through this parish. Popula. 2594.

G

€ A I

^Zj.ADlE, a small river in Aberdeenshire, Clyde, extending in a northerly direction whieh rises in the borders of the Ga- about 12 miles into Dumbartonshire, form-

jioch district , and discharges itself into-the ing the E. side of the peninsula of Rose- Ury.near its junction with the Don. neat h. GAIR (LOCH), an arm of the sea, on the GAIIUE, a rivulet in Angus-shire, which

Vf . coast of Ross-shire. It has also an island has its rise in the parish of Kirriemuir, and of the same name. joins the Dean near Glammis castle, after a GAIR (LOCH), a branch of the Frith of course, of nearly 12 miles. .

G A L G A L

GAIRLOCH, a parish in Ross-shite, on and manners. The names justify that idea tlie W. coast, 32 mil«i long, and nearly IS for writers of this period st\lo them the " broad. It it very hilly, and atlbrdsaseanty Gaelwegenses, and their country Gaelweg, pasture. The valleys are tolerably fertile. the country of the Gaels, a term synonymous In this parish lies Loch Mari, a large fresh with the . This political distinction, water lake, containing many beautiful is- and the diversity of character, were suffi- land!. The coast of is famous for cient to make them appear in the eyes of the cod and herring fishery. Population the old writers a distinct race, and procured 41755. them the appellation of Wild Scotsof Gallo- GAIRNEY, a small stream, which rises way, from their ferocity and impetuous un- amongst the Cliesh hills in Kinross-shire, disciplined mode of lighting. Galljway was and discharges itself into Loch Leven. anciently famous for a particular breed, of , one of the Orkneys, about 4 small horses, which are now mixed with the miles' in circuit, lying 2 miles S. of Pomona Irish and Knglish breed-:, but retain the island. same name. Thebl^k cattle are still noted

GALA river takes itsrise In the E. end of for their excellent species ; and the Galloway the parish of Heriot, Mid-Lothian, and after sheep afford the best flavoured mutton. A being joined by the Heriot, runs S. and, considerable numberof swine are also fed passing the villages of Stow and , for the English markets. The district has disembogues itself into the Tweed. Its been divided into Upper Galloway, which whole course is singularly romantic. includes the northern parts of Kirkcud-

GALASHIELS, a parish ofan irregular fi- bright and Wigton ; Lower ,Gallow.ay, the

gure, about 5 miles and a half in breadth, in southern part of the same, shires ; and, the the countiesof Roxburgh and Selkirk; the Rinns of Galloway, that peninsula; or. djs- Tweed divides it into two parts. The sur- trict of Wigton which lies W. of the isthmus

face is billy ; the liighest point, Meghill, is formed by the bays of Luce ami Ryan. elevated 1.480 feet. The hills are mostly GALLOWAY (MULL of), the southern green, and furnish excellent 3heep pasture. point of tiie Rinns, is a promontory in ihe The soil is various. Considerable attention parish of Kirk-maiden, and county of Wig- is paid to the rearing of sheep and the im- ton. It extends several miles into tho sea, provement of the wool. Besides the Tweed, and is excavated into several caverns.

the parish is intersected by the Ettrick and GALLOWAY (NEW), a royal burgh, in. Gala waters. Population 986—The TOWN the parish of Kill's, in the stewartry of Kirk- of GALASHIELS, lies 30 miles S. from cudbright, 19 miles N. by W. of that town,. Edinburgh. It is situated mostly on the It is situated in the vale of Glenkens. The right bank of ; it has a street, in houses are neat, and regular, but it possesses

which are a number of good houses ;, the no manufactures. It was erected into a church stands in the centreofthe town. The royal burgh by Charles I. ; is governed by a lower part, in which most of the manufac- provost, 2 bailies, and 14 councillors; and turers live, is scattered along the banks of joins with Wigton, Stranraer, and Whitliorn, the river. Galashiels has been long famous in sending a mem-be! to parliament. The for the manufacture of woollen cloth, which town is the property of Mr Gordon, the re- is here carried on to a great extent. A great presentative ofthe Kenmure family. Ken

quantity of woollen yam is spun ; and there mure castle is situated in the neighbourhosd. is also a considerable manufacture of stock- It contains about 500 inhabitants. ings. *t contains 1000 inhabitants. GALSTON, a parish in the county of Ajr-, r GALATON, a village in the parish of Dy- about 13 miles in length, and from 4 to y

sart, Fifeshire, on the great N , road. Popu- in breadth. It is diversified with hills, ma-

lation 769. ny of which, tbpugh elevated, are arable. J,t GALLOWAY, comprehends the stewart- is bounded on the N. by the river Irvine, and ry of Kirkcudbright, and the county of Wig- watered by several of its tributary streams. ton. This district, with Dumfries-shire, There are two considerable lakes, Gait and.

appears to have been peopled by that nation Bruntwood ; from the former of which the which the Roman writers term the Selgovae Aven takes its rise. The old castle of Cess- and ; and the Roman province of nock, and old Bar castle, are surrounded Valentia must have included this district. with wood. Population 3009.—The VIL- It is probable, that colonies from the N. of LAGE of GALSTON, lies 22 miles a. by W Ireland frequently visited Galloway, and of Glasgow, on the road from Edinburgh to J became incorporated with the natives, in- Ayr, and from Glasgow to Dumfries. Pofiu.. j

-twducing every where the Celtic, tongue ! lationeOQ. gar : i GAR

GAMRIE, a parish in the county ofBanff. affords safe anchorage for vessels, and is an It is about 4 miles broad, and extends 9 and excellent fishing station. Pop. 500. a half miles along the sea coast, which is GARMOUf H, or GARMACH, a village very bold, and consists of an almost continu- in Morayshire, and parish of Speymouth, i ed front of stupendousrocks, in many places miles N. from Focii ibe.s. It is situated at 200 or 500 feet perpendicular. On the W. the mouth of the Spey, wliich here forms a the boundary is the river Deveron, the soil good harbour. It is a burgh of barony, of fertile varies from a loam to a barren benty 1 which the Duke of Gordon is superior, and

heath, part of which is now improved ; and containing about | 700 inhabitants. The part has been planted with trees. In the quantities of wood floated down the Spey i

villages on the coast, the inhabitants are I from the forests of Strathspey and Badenoch chiefly fishers. There are several caves and has rendered Garmouth a place of some

other curiosities in the rocks. Pop. 5052. i consequence. The English merchants who

GARAN, a small island on the N. coast i rent the forests have here established their

of Sutherlandshire. I large sales, a great number of vessels have GARANHILL, a village in Ayrshire, pa- ' been built at this place, from 50 to 500 tons

1 rish of Muirkirk. burden, of home lt own wood, and the Glen • a village parish more, a frigate GARDEN9TON, in the ; of 52 guns in the . Banffshire, Banff, ofGamrie, 8 miles K. of , Two saw mills have been erected, and about

the property of Mr Garden of Troup. It ,' 30 ship-carpenters are employed. The sal- possesses a tolerable harbour. P. about 300. mon fishing is also a means of increasing GARGUNNOCK, a parishin Stirlingshire, the trade. on the S. bank of the Forth, extending from GARNOCK, a river in Ayrshire, takes its

N. E, to S, W. about 6, and in breadth 5 ; rise in the parish of Kilburnie, from the miles and a half. The ground rises gradual- Misty Law, and, taking a course W. wash- ly from the river, forming a natural division ing the towns of Dairy and Kilwinning,

into 5 kinds of soil ; carse, where the soil is pours its waters into the sea at Irvine, after of a strong rich clay or loam, intermixed receiving the waters of the Irvine, the Rye, with sand shells, indicating that it has for- and the Caaf. Thespout of Garnock, a most merly been covered by the river; the dry- beautiful cascade, is nearly 2 miles above field, occupying the middle space, which, Kilburnie. until cultivated, was covered with heath, GAiUY, a lake in Perthshire, of. consi-

furze, and tooora ; and the moor, which is derable extent, wliich, after taking a south covered with heath, and only affording a easterly course, joins the Tuminel below

scanty pasture for sheep ; this last occupies Fascaly. nearly 5U0U acres of the higher district. GARRY, a lake and river in Inverness- Great improvements in agriculture have shire, which disharge their waters into Loch been made in thisdistrict. —The VILLAGE Oich, and give name to the district of Glen- of GARGUNNOCK is about 6 miles VV. of garry. Stirling, on the great road from thence to G ARTLY, a parish in Aberdeen and Dunbarton. It is situated on the side of a Banff-shires, ofau invgular oval form, about hill, and commands a beautiful prospect of 12 miles long, and G in breadth at the mid-

the windings of the Forth. Pop. S96. dle. Itlies'in t be district of Strathbogie, GARIOCH, a district of Aberdeenshire, having the river Bogie running through it. containing 150 square miles, and IS parish- The hills, which lie on the borders, are most- es. It used formerly to be called the gra- ly covered with heath, and afford plenty of

nary of Aberdeenshire ; but, since the in- mo;s. Several brooks run into the Bogie, troduction of lime as a manure, the farms and the valleys which they water are ex- on the coast, though not naturally so fertile, ceedingly fertile, and well cultivated. The

have been much improved ; while the Ga- Duke of Gordon is proprietor. Pop. SS5. rioch, being an inland district, was not e- GARULINGA Y, a small island between qually improved till lately, that the Inveru- Barry and S. Uist. ry canal was made. Population 12,522. GARVALD and BARO, an united parish GAPvLETON HILLS, a ridge of hills in in Haddingtonshire; from E. to W. miles, Haddingtonshire, a mile N. from Hadding- and 5 from N. to S. It takes in a conside- ton. rable extent of the Lammermuir hills, the GARLIESTON, a village in Wigtonshire. soil of wliich is thin and gravelly, covered It was founded by the Earl of Galloway. It with heath, and abounding with marshes. is pleasantly built, in the form of acrescent, The grounds which lie to the N. are of a at the head of a bay which bears its name, deep rich clay soil, capabla of raising an/ G A U 117

kind of crop. The villageof Garvald is fine- GAVIN,: it-laud on the coast of ly situated on the small river Hopes, and Argyleshirj. contains upwards of 200 inhabitants. Nun- GAVl.NGTON, a village in Berwickshire, raw, belonging to the Marquis of Tweed- lately erected in the parish of Langcowu,

dale ; Hopes, surrounded with extensive containing 150 inhabitants. plantations; a great part of the pleasure GEORGE (FORT), a strong and regular grounds of Yesterhouse; the ruins of White- fortress, in the parish of Ardersicr, lnver- castle and castle of Yester, lie in this pa- ness-shire, 12 miles N. from Inverness, si- rish. There is plenty of freestone. Popu- tuated on a peninsula running into the Mo- lation 676. ray Frith, and commanding the entrance

s GARVIEMORE, a stage on the road from of the harbour of Inverness. It is generally Stirling to Fort Augustus, 126 miles N. garrisoned with one or two regiments. from Edinburgh. GEORGE-TOWN, asmril village, or ra- GARVIE, a river in Ross-shire, which rises ther military barracks, in Perthshire at the •near Loch Broom, and joins the Conon, se- W. end of Loch Rannoch. veral miles before it falls into the Cromarty GIFFORD, a village in East Lothian, in frith. the parish of Ye-ter, four miles 3. from Had- GARVOCK, a parish in Kincardineshire, dington, delightfully situated on a rivulet

S miles long, and -I broad, containi.ig about of that name, containing 400 inhabitants. 8000 acres, of which near 2600 are arable. GIGAY, a small inhabited island of the The uncultivated ground lies high, and is in Hebiides, on the E. coast of Barray. general covered with heatu and furze. Po- , one of the Hebrides annexed to pulation 4S5. Kintyre, Argyleshire, from which it is dis- GASK, a parish in the county of Perth. tant 5 miles and a half. It is 7 miles long, It is nearly a square, having a superficies of and 2 and a half broad, containing about about 3 miles and a half. A Roman cause- 0000 Scots acres, of which 1600 are arable.

way runs through the middle of the parish. The coast on the W. is boid and rocky ; on This occupies the highest ground, and there the E. side tnere are several points jutting is a gentle declivity on both aides, the N. out, and a few sunk rocks, which render the being covered wich a tine plantation, and navigation dangerous. Between these are the other is cultivated to tne banks of the several bays or creeks. Gigha is low and true, which bounds it on the S. Pop. 453. tlat, except towards the W. A great part GASKIER, a small island of the Hebri- is arable. The soil is a light loam, with a des, in the district of Harris, frequented by mixture in some places of sand or clay.— vast flocks of geese. Some parts of the island having been drain- , a village in the ed and inclosed, now produce excellent parish of Girthon, stewartry of Kirkcud- crops. There are several caves which are bright, IS miles and a half S. E. from New- great curiosities. The island is well sup- ton Stewart. The first house was built a- plied with springs, which atlbrd water suf- bout SO years ago as an inn for travellers ficient to turn two corn-mills. Twenty-six from Dumfries to Portpatrick. It lies in a boats, having 4 tod men each, are employ- beautiful and fertile vale, by the side of a ed in the fishing. Gigha and Cara form one

fine river, near the Solway frith ; and is parochial district. Population .S50. •built on a regular plan, consisting of three GILLISAY, one of tue smaller Hebrides, streets running parallel to the river Fleet, in the district of Harris. over which there is a handsome bridge, coin- G1LMERTON, a village in Mid-Lothian, municating with a suburbs. Several cot- in the parish of Libberton, about 4 miles S. ton works are established, and 10 or 12 ves- from Edinburgh. Here are extensive coal sels belong to the port. Gatehouse was e- audlime works. There are above 20 seams rected into a burgh of barony in 17y5, of coal, from 2 andahalfto 10 feet in thick- Mr Murray the superior. It is governed by a ness. Tne lime quarries at this place, which provost, 2 bailies, and -1 councillors. It has are objects of great curiosity, yield about

a public library, to which most of the inha- 70,000 boils annually ; and it is calculated,

bitants are contributors. Population 1200. I that nearly L.2OO0 a year is received for G ATTONSIDE, a village in the parish of sand of a yellow colour, which is conveyed Melrose, on the left bank of the tweed, 4 in carts to Edinburgh, and retailed to the miles and a half E. from Galashiels. inhabitants, who strew it ou the stairs and GAU1R, a river in Perthshire, which is- pasi ;ges of their houses. Another conside- sues from Loch Lydoch, and talis into Lt>ch rable source of proot is found in the sale of

Rannoch at Kenaiachar. . . an argillacioas earth, which is no* very jje- GLA X GLA

nerally used in cleaning and whitening the more, and part of the ridge of Sidlaw hills. approaches to dwelling-houses in that city. The soil of the lower parts is in general At the N. end of this village are a suite of good and well cultivated. Improvements apartments cut out of the solid rock, by one in agriculture have been greatly accelerated Paterson a blacksmith, about 1720. Popu- by the discovery of marl there. The loch lation about 1000. of Forfar, borders with the parish, from GILP (LOCH), asmall arm of the sea in which runs the river Dean through the Argylesbire, running off from Loch Fyne in whole extent till it falls into the Isla. Be> a N. W. direction. It is the pointfrom which sides excellent freestone, there are severed theCrinan Canal goes of to join the Atlan- fine grey slate quarries. Population- 1931. tic. -The VILLAGE of GiAMMIS lies 5 miles G1RDLENESS, apromontory on the coast and a half VV. from Forfar. It contains

The surface and soil are remarkably varied ; castle ofGlammis, the seat of the Earl of the northern half, and all along the eastern Strathmore. It is situated on the banks of boundary, being bleak, hilly, and covered the Dean, commanding an extensive pro- with heath, there are several lakes, which spect of the beautiful vale from which its fall into the river Fleet, the boundary ofthe owner takes his title. parish on the W. Near thisvillageisCally, GLASGOW is a large and populous City, the beautiful residence of Mr Murray. Po- in the Nether Ward of Lanarkshire, on the

pulation 1780. hanks ofthe River Clyde ; it lies 44 miles GIKVAN.a parish in Ayrshire, in the west of Edinburgh, 22 east of Greenock, district of Carrick, extending about 9 miles 34 north of Ayr, and 2S miles south-west along the coast of the Atlantic ocean, and of Stirling. Glasgow is one ofthe most an-

the breadth varies from 2 to 6. It abounds cient towns in Scotland ; there is no authen- with coal and lime-stone. TowardstheS. tic record in existence, by which the date the surface is hilly, but the eminences are of itsorigin can be ascertained. Many con- chiefly covered with short grass, affording jectures have been formed, but fortunately excellent sheep pasture. The low grounds these speculations are more a matter of cu- are fertile and well cultivated. Population riosity than utility. It is certain, that m tha 3097—The VILLAGE of GIRVAN lies year 560„ a bishopric was founded here by 12 miles and a half S. W.frotn Maybole, at St. Mungo, or St. Kentigern, who died in the mouili of the river Girvan, and appears 601, and was burled at the end of the *o have been a place of considerable anti- ground where the Cathedral now stands,

-qAity. The road from Ayr to Portpatrick and whera his tomb isyetto be seen ; if this jpassos through it. The harbouris commo- date be assumed as the probable origin of dious. It is governed by 2 bailies and 10 the town,, it may surely satisfy the most councillors, annually elected. It contains stubborn stickler fbi the antiquity of tha about 1000 inhabitants. place. This bishopric was erected into an GIRVAN, a river in Ayrshire, which Archi-episcopal See in the yeai 1484. rises in the parish of Dailly; and, running Glasgow is said to have been, erected into a

N . W. C miles, takes a course S. W. through royal burgh, by William the Lion in 1172. the district of Carrick, at the town of Gir- It however appears, from an old document extant, that this Town was governed by a GLADSMUIR, a parish in Haddinjfton- Provost and Magistrates in the year 126£i, shire, containing about G00O acres, of and that they then held Courts of Justice. which one half is under tillage. The In 1611 the City received a Charter from ground vises in the middle to a ridge, which James the Sixth, and another from Charles is a heathy barren moor, but gradually on the First in 1636,—and 1690. The Trade each side improves in fertility. The whole and industry of the City at a very early pe- parish abounds with coal. Population riod, seems to have been confined chiefly to

1616* the produce of the Fishery in the Clyde ; so GIi.VISCHOIREN BElN, a mountain in early as the year 1420, this trade was con- Argyleshire, elevated 1920 feet. ductcd to a considerable extent, by ex- GLAMMIS, a parish in Forfarshire, 12 changing with France* their cared Salmon miles long, and about 9 broad. It occu- and Herrings, for Wine, Brandy, and Saltj pies the middle of the fertile valley ofStrath- and they possessed some shipping so early TtX A V

as 1546, which made.captiires of.the ships were uncommonly great ; and as this trade of England. In 1667a company was form- then employed nearly the whctie.ef the capi- ed for the prosecution of the Whale Fish- taland enterprise of the City, many of the ery; and the Soap manufacture was intro- most opulent Merchants were ruined, who duced about the same period. About the had every reason to believe themselves in- year 16S0, we find that the merchants of dependent of the fluctuations ofcommerce. Glasgow continued to export considerable But although the favourite commerce of quantities of cured Salmon and Herrings to the City was thus for a time destroyed, the

France ; this commerce must have been spirit which had been successfully roused carried on in hired vessels from some of the wasnot extinguished,—new sources oftrade, English ports, as, previous to the Union and industry were sought for,—the West (1707) the town possessed .no Shipping of India trade, partially begun in 1732, was- their own, andDunbarton was their harbour, extended and vigorously prosecuted,-—the —then Greenock and New . Continent of Europe presented a wide field, The first vessel built on the Clyde, the pro- for exertion, and this partial cheque given perty of Glasgow, which_crossed the Atlan- to commerce was amply compensated, by. the great tic, was in the year 1718, from which pe- increase of Manufactures which . riod may be dated the rise in the Tobacco had been on the advance foryears past, and trade. The Union of the kingdom had laid to which the loss of trade, gave.an addition- open the trade to America and the West al stimulus. The trade of Glasgow with A- India Islands ; and a small trade to Virginia merica, and the West Indies, is now equal and Maryland was begun, by sending out in extent to that of any Port in the King- jgoods for the use of the Colonies, and re- dom. The coasting trade is also very great, turning with cargoes of Tobacco. The and their commerce with the continent of great increase of this trade into the Clyde Europe, and with all quarters of the globe, for a number of years, had raised the jea- correspond with the wealth, enterprise and lousy ofthe merchantsof London, and other spirit of the inhabitants of the western Me- English ports engaged in the same trade, tropolis of Scotland. The Manufacture of who accused the Glasgow merchants of Linen, Lawns, and similar articles were fraud upon the revenue; this accusation introduced into Glasgow, about the year was followed up by a number of new re- 1725, and continued to be the staple Manu- strictions and vexatious regulations being facture, until almost superseded by .the in- laid upon the trade, —these impositions troduction of that of Cotton, about the be- were the cause of a considerable falling off ginning of the War with America; since In the importations to the Clyde, till the which period this Manufacture has made the year 1735. . The commerce with America most rapid improvement, and has been continued to advance till the year 1750. prosecuted with vigour, attended with the when a new system commenced by opening greatest'succesf, and now unrivalled in any part of the warehouses in the New World, managed by Kingdom. 1 he capital employ. . partners in.tbe mercantile establishments edin the .Cotton Trade is immense; Ma-

of Glasgow ; this plan not only increased chineryjias been.introduced into every de- the extent of their transactions, but open- partment, and new inventions, and im- ed up new sources of trade, so that before provements have rapidly followed each the unfortunate war which separated these other. Every Article of Cotton Manufac- colonies from the mother country, the trade ture is made here; the Muslins, Printed- of Glasgow with Americahad attained its Calicoes, Shawls, and Policates of Glasgow* . greatest hejgb,t,— the annual importations are known and admired in every quarter of of Tobacco were from 35 to 49,000 hogs- the Globe, for beauty, variety ofPattern, and. heads. In the year immediately preceding cheapness. The late invention of the Pow- the war, 57,145 .hogsheads were imported, er Loom, has given a facility to the Manu- of which 12,000 only were for. home con- facture of the coarser species of Cotton sumption. Such was the extent of the im- Goods hitherto unknown. These Looms ports of Tobacco into the Clyde, as to en- are numerous, and occupy many large and

: gross more than the.half of that article im- elegant buildings in the City, and are. driv- ported in Britain. In one year, out of en by Steam. In 1827, there were 11,000, 90,000"hogsheads imported, Glasgow alone Hand Looms. In the early stage of the Cot- •engrossed 40,000. The American war was ton Manufacture, the principal Spinning ,a severe blow to the trade of Glasgow and Mills .were in the country, where falls of Greenock--,it unfortunately happened that water could be obtained, some of them at

the balances due by America to Glasgow very considerable distances ; hut since the ;

G_Lj\ 1 G L A amplication of Steam Engines, to the pur- lured. Printing in all its branches is car- pose of driving Machinery, these works ried on, and the Book Trade is extensive.— have been transferred to the City and Su- Book-binding, Book-selling and Stationary,- burbs, and Steam Engines, from two to fif- are principal articles of trade. The exports ty horse power, are now universally em- of Glasgow consist of every description of ployed wherever Machinery is required. Cotton Goods, Shawls of Silk and Cotton, The extension of the Cotton Manufacture and of Cotton only; Silks. Glass, Whisky, naturally led to the establishment of Bleach- Soap, Saddlery, and the various Manufac- fields, Printfields, Dye-Works, &c. and tures of this City, and Paisley. The princi- these works have kept pace with the rapid pal imports, are Sugars, Bum, Cotton, Cof- increase of that Trade. The Incle weav- fee, &c, the produce of the West India Is. into Glasgow ing was introduced in the year I lands, Wine, Brandy, Fruits, &c. from the 1759, having then been surreptitiously ob- Continent all the various \ of Europe, and tained from Harlaem, and was the first of productions of the United States of Ameri- in these machines Britain. The manufac- ca , the British settlements of , and j ture ofgreen glass Bottles was established Nova Scotia, the Continent of South Ameri- on a very limited scale in the year 1730, ca, and the East Indies. The City of Glas- and that of Flint Glass, &c. about 50 years gow is chiefly built upon the North Bank afterwards— a small manufactory of Pottery of the Clyde, on an activity rising gently to ware, the first in Scotland, was carried on the north, the River skirts the south side of j here about the same period.—The first ' the River, forming the Parish of Gorbals

in the vicinity of Glasgow was established is also extensive ; these Suburbs contain at Pollock-shaws about the year 1742; and nearly one half of the population of the Ci- j Brewing at this period was chiefly confined ty, and a large portion of the manufactu-

j to private families. Type Founding was ring Establishments and public works. Tha early established in Glasgow, and the Types communication with the southern Suburb j

of this Manufactory have long been famed i is by two elegant Stone Bridges, and a

over Europe and America for their neat i wooden one; the most ancient of these and elegant formation. The manufacture Stone Bridges has eight, and the other seven

of Cudbear, a Dye stuff prepared from a Arches ; the Wooden Bridge supplies the species of lichen, or rockmoss, is carried on place of a Stone one, which was destroyed here to a great extent, and unequalled per- in the great storm of 1792. To describe fection. The Staple Manufacture of Glas- the City of Glasgow cannot be attempted in

gow (Cotton), gives employment to a num- a short account like the present ; this is ren- ber of Chemical Works, Dye Works, Calen- dered superfluous by a reference to Cleland's dering Works, &.C., and the great quantity Annals of Glasgow, which furnish the most of Machinery necessary in the construction complete and minute details of the rise and of the numerous Spinning Mills, Power progress of this City. Glasgow, although Looms, Steam Engines, and other works in reckoned the second City in Scotland, is first

the City and neighbourhood ; besides the in point of population and manufacturing making of machinery, for all parts of the interest, as well as trade. The principal kingdom, employ a vast number of Mill Street, running east and west, acquires the Wrights, Engineers, Boiler-Builders, Iron names of the Gallowgate, Trongate, Ar- and Brass Foundries,Smiths,Plumbers,&c. gyle Street, and Anderson's Street, and ex- The Sugar Refining is here an extensive tends in length one mile and three quar-

business; the Distillation of Spirits, is car- ters ; the principal Street-running north and ried on in the vicinity on a very large scale south, called the Salt-Market, High Street, and the Breweries are many and extensive. Kirk Street, and Castle Street, is nearly one To the various articles belonging to the Cot- mile long; a fine Street runs parallel to ton Manufacture, may be added those of the first mentioned, on the north, called Linen, Damask, Carpeting, Hats, Leather, Duke Street, and George Street, and near-

Shoes, Saddlery, Gloves, Glass and Pottery ly a mile in length ; and from all these Ware, Bricks, Tiles, Tobacco-Pipes, Ropes Streets a number ofothers branch offto the and Twine, Wire drawing and Wire work, north and south. From Argyle Street, and Hair Cloth, Soap and Candle making. The the Trongate, three Streets lead to the Silk Manufacture has recently been intro- Bridges, and River Side, viz. the Salt Mar-

duced into Glasgow, with every appearance ket to the Wooden Bridge ; and Stockwell of success. There are several Paper Mills Street to the Old Bridge; and Jamaica in the vicinity of Glasgow, where Writing, Street, to the new Bridge. The houses in Printing, and coarse Papers are manufac- all the streets, are substantially bcilt, with ,

G L A 121

fronts of Hewn Stone ; the Streets are spa- broad, and 90 feet high within the walls, cious and well paved, kept clean, with foot with two large towers, on one of which,

paths on each side ; the City and Suburbs near the centre, a Spire was built about are abundantly supplied with water, and the the year 1420, ascending to the height of Streets and Shops are lighted with Gas. 220 feet,— it is lighted by 157 windows, There are three large Squares, the largest and supported by 147 pillars. This build- is George's Square, in which stands the ing is occupied as two parish churches, Statue of General Sir Jol.n Moore, a na. the Inner and outer High Church—in the tive of this City, who fell at Corunna in Choir are some remarkable ancient mo-

1809. St Andrew's is a spacious Square, numents ; below the Inner Church is a vault- in the centre of which stands the elegant ed Cemetry, used as a place of worship for

Church of that name ; St Enoch's Square, the barony Parish, till the year 1S01, when encloses St Enoch's Church. The City it was converted to its original purpose. and Suburbs occupy a space of ground of The Cathedral is surrounded by an exten- 700 acres. The Green of Glasgow is on sive Burying Ground. This noble monu- the north bank ofthe River, to the Town; ment of the taste and splendour of the Ro- this public park is of essential benefit to mish Church, made a narrow escape from the inhabitants, and adds much to the the destructive rage of the Goths and Van- beauty of the City. This beautiful Green dals of the Beformation.—The Magistrates is laid out with gravel walks, andhas always had received orders to pull down all the been a favourite promenade of the inhabi- monuments of idolatry, —workmen were tants, and the admiration of strangers; assembled by beat of drum, to raze the this Park contains upwards of 100 acres, Cathedral, but it was saved by the spirited and is certainly one of the finest public opposition of the deacons and craftsmen of

parks in the kingdom ; here stands, a mo- the City, whose names ought to be record- numental obelisk erected to the memory of ed, and revered, while a stone of this beau-

Lord Nelson, in 1S06 ; and heie, on the tiful structure remains. There are many Bank of the River, is situated the Humane other Churches, whose names only can be Society House, where an apparatus for re- mentioned here; they are all of them hand- storing suspended animation is kept, with some buildings, and most of them in an boats, drags, &c. in case of accidents on elegant stile of Architecture. Blackfriars, the River. On the Green stands the pub- or College Church, was built in 1699, lic Washing H ouse, an extensive establish- the Tron Church erected in 1794, upon ment, where upwards of one hundred per- the site of the Old Church of that name, the sons can be employed in washing at built in 1637, the Steeple cf which remains ;

same time ; there are two other similar e- the Rams-horn Church, built in 1720, St stablishments in the north quarter of the Andrew's Church, anelegantbuilding erect- City. A Ride and Drive round the Green, ed in 1756, St Enoch's built in 17S0, the two and a half milas in length, is now in Barony Church, built in the year 1798, St course of finishing, under the direction of George's, an elegant Gothic fabric, with a Mr Cleland. The Sweeps in the interior of fine Steeple 162 feet high, built in 1807, the Park, and on the Banks of the River Gorbals Old Church, built in 1 729, and Gor- Clyde, are beautiful, and do great credit to bals New Church, built in 1S00, St John's | his taste. This bids fair to be one of the Church, a chaste Gothic building, with a finest Rides in the kingdom, connected Tower 13.8 feet high, erected in 1819, and with a great Town. Glasgow possesses St James's Church built in 1S16. A neat numerous magnificent public buildings. Episcopal Chapel was erected in the year

The Cathedral or High Church, deserves to 1751 ; an elegant Catholic Chapel was erect- be first mentioned, it was founded by John ed in 1815, on the banks ofthe Clyde, which, Achaius, Bishop of Glasgow, in the reign cost L. 13,000. Glasgow supports the fol- of David the First, in whose presence it is lowing places of Divine Worship. Besides said to have been consecrated. This mag- 12 Churches, and 6 Chapels of Ease, belong- nificent and venerable edifice stands on ing to the Established Church, there are 8 the high ground at the upper, or north end Relief Meeting-Houses, 8 Chapels belong- of the High Street, and is one of the most ing to the Secession Church, 4 Gaelic elegant and entire specimens of Gothic Ar- Churches, two Scotch Episcopal Chapels, 2 chitecture in this country,—it had been Baptist Chapels, 1 Cameronian, 3 Indepen- intended to be finished in form of a cross, dent, 2 Original Burghers, 1 Reformed Pres- but the tranverse part has never been built. byterian, 1 New Jerusalem, 3 Methodist, 1 Itis2S4feet long from east to west, 56 Seamen's, 1 United Chapel, and 1 Catholic Q ;

GLA

Chapel. The City of Glasgow has long been Books and Manuscripts in every depart- renowned for its numerous and valuable ment of Science, but particularly Medicine tablishmentsfor Literature and Education. an invaluable collection of Anatomical pre- In no City in the world has superior atten- parations,--of Coins, Medals, rare Paintings,

tion been paid to the acquirement of useful Birds, Quadrupeds, and Reptiles ; and a knowledge, the study of Literature, and of large collection of natural and artifi- all the arts and sciences which improve or cial curiosities. This bequest also contains adorn society. The University ofGlasgow, the collection of the late Dr. Fothergill, next to that of St Andrews, is the oldest in who died in 17S0, and by whom a large col- Scotland. This celebrated seminary was lection of Shells, Insects, Corals and Fossils founded in the the year 1450, by William was made, and purchased by Dr. Hunter. Turnbull, Bishop of Glasgow, and the same The Collection of Coins contains those of year Pope Nicholas V. granted a Bull of every age and country, some of them struck Constitution at the request of James the eight hundred years before the Christian

Second, who in the year 1453, conferred sera ; the Medals consist of a series in gold upon it many immunities, besides being am- silver, and copper, of all countries and ply endowed by the founder. The Refor- states, ancient and modem,—many of them mation in Religion in 1560, almost anni- are unique, and this collection is considered hilated the College; the members who to^be the most complete in Europe,—they were ecclesiastics dispersed themselves to are valued at upwards of L.40,000. The avoid the fury of the populace, and it thus Andersonian Institution was founded in continued in a low state till James the 1796, by the late Mr Anderson, Professor of Sixth granted a new charter of erection, Natural Philosophy in Glasgow, who left to and bestowed upon it some valuable pro- Trustees his valuable Apparatus, his Lib-

perty ; from that time it increased in repu- rary and Museum, and other property.--- tation, until it has attained its present cele- From his funds, aided by a liberal public brity. In this University there are a Lord subscription, a handsome building was Chancellor, Lord Rector, Dean of Faculty, erected, containing a lecture-room and Principal, and Professor of Divinity, Church other apartments. The intention of the History, Logic, Anatomy, Mathematics, founder was to afford the means of instruc- Theory and Practice ofPhysic, Moral Philo- tion in Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, sophy, Civil Law, Practical Astronomy, Na- to Mechanics, and others, who do not in- tural History, Greek, Humanity, Surgery, tend to enter any of the Universities. Po- Chemistry, Botany, Oriental Languages, pular Lectures are regularly delivered on Midwifery, and Materia Medica. The Col- Natural and Experimental Philosophy, lege is a venerable building, and fts antique Chemistry, as applicable to the useful arts, % Gothic Ornaments towards the Street, pre- —Botany and Natural History. From the sent a singular contrast to the modern Andersoniau Institution, the Mechanics' buildings in its vicinity. It is divided into Institution is certainly derived.- -This esta- four courts, with ample accommodation for blishmentcommenced in the year 1S24, and the Professors and Class Rooms, &c, and is solely appropriated to the purpose of in- occupies a space of nearly 10,000 square structing the operatives employed in the yards. The number of Students average a- various branches connected with the staple bout 1200 annually, attending the different trade ofthe City. In this institution, Lec- classes. The Library contains a large and tures on Chemistry and Mechanics are re-

valuable collection, to which, all the stu- gularly delivered ; and occasional Lectures dents have access. In the Parks or Gardens on other branches of science.---The fees are of the University, which are »f large exent, so trifling, that attendance on these Lec- stands the Observatory, well fitted up, and tures is within the reach of every one. The largely supplied with the most improved utility of such establishments werespeedily Astronomical Instruments, for the use of appreciated, and have become general over the Professor of that science. The Hun- the kingdom. A complete knowledge of terian Museum is a most noble acquisition Chemistry and Mechanics are essentially

to the college, —it was bequeathed by the necessary in every manufacturing City ; and celebrated Dr. William Hunter of London. it may be affirmed, that in no city in Europe The building for its reception was erected is the knowledge of these branehes of sci- in the College garden in 1S05,—it is in.the ence more universally diffused than in the form of a Grecian Temple, in the purest City of Glasgow. The Public Grammar stile of that Architecture, with a colonade School is of very ancient origin,—it is in front. The Collection consists of rare known to have existed previous to the Uni- ;

versity. The present Schools are large and reception of unfortunate females, who are commodious, in which are taught Greek employed in washing, dressing, and needle- and Latin, Grammar, Geography, Writing work. In the class of benevolent institu- and Arithmetic ; the establishment consists tions, must be ranked as none of the least,

of a Rector and four Masters, and there are the Deaf and Dumb Institution ; this phi- in general about 600 pupils. The acade- lanthropic establishment was commenced mies and seminaries, established for pri- in 1816, upon a small scale; since which vate tuition, Boarding Schools, &c, are nu- time, buildings have been erected by sub-

merous and respectable ; there are several scription on a piece of ground near the public Libraries, Literary and Scientific Monkland , which accommo- Establishments. Among the many gratis dates 50 Pupils, who are taught Reading, establishments for the education of the Writing, and Arithmetic, and their profi- of the poor, may be named the Ge- ciency is equal to the most sanguine hopes children j neral Session's School for the educating of the projectors. In this class also must be

300 boys and girls in reading, writing and placed the Lock . Hospital, Dispensary, and j other accounts; and the Glasgow Highland So- i many similar establishments on a for the education of boys, smaller scale. From the abundance ciety Schools, 340 I of Free of Highlanders.—-30 of whom Stone in the immediate vicinity of Glasgow, descendants j

are annually apprenticed to trades, and i and other building materials, all the houses clothed for the first three years of their ap- are handsome, and the Public Buildings

prenticeship ; and three other schools, sup- I have an elegance of Architecture, not in- ported by the same Society, for children of ferior to many in the Metropolis of Scotland,

both sexes. The number of children edu- : even those buildings erected solely for ma-

cated at the Charity Schools, Sunday- I nufacturing purposes, are substantial, and

Schools, and other similar institutions, with- I many of them elegant. Among the public in the royalty, amount to upwards of 10,000. buildings worthy of notice, may be narrated No city in the kingdom is more distinguish- the Town Hall, built in 1636, Assembly J than Glasgow for liberality to the indi- Rooms, Exchange Buildings, the Coffee ed | gent, and for its charitable institutions,— Room, the most elegant in Britain, Ton- the Town's Hospital, or Poor House, built tine Hotel, Merchant's Hall, Trades' Hall, in 1733, for the maintenance and support Custom House, Bonding Warehouse, Weigh of the aged poor, the funds support about House, Post Office, elegant Barracks for 1600 Paupers;-— Hutchison's Hospital, is a 1000 men, Cavalry Barracks, the New- beautiful building with a Spire and Clock Court House and Jail, which cost L.34,000, this Hospital, was founded in 1639, by and is considered the most elegant building George Hutchison, a Writer, and Thomas in the City, Bridewell, Police Office, &c. Hutchison, a Preacher, in Glasgow, for 12 the public Markets and Bazaar, the new- poor Men, and 12 Boys. From the increase Theatre, built in 1804, at an expense of of the funds by donations and otherways, L.20,000, is one of the largest provincial the-number of Pensioners on the funds are Theatres in the kingdom, the old, or Minor upwards -of 200, and 80 Boys are clothed Theatre, Concert Room, Circus, the Botanic and educated. The Trades have an Hos- Garden, Willow Bank Baths, the Dairy of pital for the maintenance of their poor, and 200,Cowj, perhaps the largest in the king- the different incorporations have also esta- dom, the Glasgow Gas Company, and two blished funds for the support of their decay- Water Companies, large establishments. ed members and widows. The Royal Infir- The stupenduous Aqueduct Bridge over mary is an elegant building, situated on a the river, and valley of Kelvin, is a large and well aired spot of ground to the little to the north of the City, and is north-east of Kirk Street, near the Cathe- worthy of the attention of the traveller. -- dral, on the site of the Archbishop's palace. The city of Glasgow being situated nearly It was erected in 1794, by public subscrip- in the , and communicat- tion. The management is excellent, and ing witfi the German Ocean, by the great the arrangements are commodious and ap- Canal, and with the Atlantic by the Clyde, propriate. The Lunatic Asylum was built by enjoys extraordinary advantages as a sea-port subscription in 1S10, it standson an eligible town, and at the same time, conveniently- situation, about half a mile west of the In- situated for an extensive inland trade. The firmary, it is on an excellent plan, and has commercial relations of the city, with every apartments for 136 patients, besides other quarter of the globe, are important, and the rooms. Near this is the Magdalane Asy- manufacturers have establishments in Lon- lum, built by subscription in 1812, for the don, most of the principal towns in England, ;

i G L A

and almost in every country in Europe. The - -the Glasgow Bank Company, the Thistle larger vessels belonging to the city load and Bank, and the Ship Bank; and Branches of discharge their cargoes at the sea-ports of the Bank of Scotland, British Linen Co., Greenock and Port Glasgow, from, and to Commercial Bank, and Royal Bank of Edin- which, heavy goods are conveyed by lighters, burgh, and fifteen branches of nearly all

dragged by steam vessels up and down the the Provincial Banks of Scotland ; a branch liver. The Quay at the Broomielaw is the of the Belfast Bank, and an Exchange and place or birth of these lighters, as well as Deposit Bank. The market days are Wed-

the rendezvousforthenumerous steam boats nesday and Saturday ; and annual fairs are which ply regularly for passengers and goods, held on the second Monday in January, to Ireland, Liverpool, and the north of Scot- Thursday before Easter, Monday after Whit- land, and its Islands; as also for the sailing sunday, second Monday, and five following vessels, or regular traders from the Irish days of July, and Wednesday after Martin- ports, the west coast of England, and for the mas. Population, in 1821,147,045. shipping from the islands and western coast GLASS, a parish situated on both sides of Scotland. Port Dundac is the station for ofthe Deveron, in Aberdeen and Banffshires, passage boats and trading vessels, to, and about 5 miles long and 4 broad. The sur- from the Frith of Forth, &c. by the Canal face is varied with a number of fine mea- it has two commodious basins, with exten- dows, which afford pasture to cattle and sive warehouses for grain, &c, a Custom, sheep. The soil is in general a deep loam. house, and shore-dues office. The maritime Population 823. affairs of the river are managed by an officer GLASS (LOCH), a lake in the parish of appointed by royal charter, with power to Kiltearn, Ross-shire, 5 miles long, and one exercise a civil and criminal jurisdiction, broad. It discharges itself by a river of the from the bridge of Glasgow to the Clough, same name, which, uniting near Erkless near the mouth of the Clyde, 26 miles below castle with the Farrar and Cannich, forms the town. The municipal government of the Bsauly. the town is vested in a Lord Provost, three GLASS ARY, a parish in Argyleshire, 19 Merchant Bailies, and two Trade's Bailies, miles long, and 10 broad, containing 75,000 a Dean of Guild, Deacon Convener, Trea- acres. Its form is nearly rectangular, rising surer, Master of Works, twelve Merchant gently from both sides to the middle, which Councillors, and eleven Trade's Councillors, is occupied by a considerable extent of moor annually elected at Michaelmas. There are land, covered with heath. On the banks of fourteen Incorporated Trades. Glasgow the river Ad, the soil is a deep rich loam, joins with Dunbarton, Renfrew and Ruth- and ob the shore of Loch Fyne, which erglen, in returning a member to parlia- bounds it on the E. it is generally a black ment. The magistrates have the aid of a loam, lying on limestone rock. The canal well regulated and active Police. The Ba- from Loch Gilp to Loch Crinan intersects rony parish has a separate magistracy, con- the southern part of this parish. P. 5400. sisting of a Provost, four Bailies, a Treasur- GLASSERT, a small river which has its er, and Dean of Guild, annually chosen. rise in the Campsie fells; and after a course The Gorbals is also a burgh of Barony, and of 6 or 7 miles, falls into the Kelvin above governed by a Provost, two Bailies, and four . Councillors, chosen annually; both of these , a parish in Wigtonshire, burghs have a separate Police Establish- on the eastern coast of the bay of Luce, a- ment. Nothing has contributed more to bout 7 miles and a half long, and its breadth the rapid increase of this City, than its fa- varies from 1 to 2 and a half- The aspect vourable situation in the midst of an exten- of the country is rugged and hilly. The sive coal country, and the consequent cheap lower tracts are loam, gravel, clay, or moss, and abundant supply of that indispensible generally wet and marshy. Great numbers

article in a manufacturing district ; add to of black cattle are fed. Sheep are also rear- this, the local advantage of communicating ed, and Swine fed;in considerable numbers directly by water carriage, with almost e- for the English markets. Physgill, Castle- very quarter. These favourablecircumstanr Stewart, and Glasserton, are the only villas ces have made Glasgow one of the very first of any note. Population 1047.

manufacturing towns in the kingdom ; and GLASSFORD, a parish in Lanarkshire, there is not, perhaps, another that has ex- about S miles long, and 2 broad. The sur- tended so much, and doubled its population, face is level, and in general produces good in the short period of twenty years. Glas- crops. The eastern part is well inclosed gow has three banks belonging to the city, with hedge-rows and ditches; but in the ;

G L E G L E

west, where the soil is light and mossy, no massacre of its unsuspecting inhabitants, in trees thrive. There is a small village, con- 1691, when 3S persons, including the Chief taining about 200 inhabitants. The parish of the clan, were butchered in their beds by is supplied with fuel from the neighbour- a military party under Campbell of Glenlyon. ing coal pits, and from an extensive moss Glencce is also famous as the birth-place of on the western border. Population 1215. Ossian, as appears from many passages ii» , a picturesque vale in his poems. Many ofthe places are accurate- Perthshire, watered by the river Almond. ly named and described. In the middle of GLENALOT,avalleyinSutherlandshire, the vale runs the stream of Cona. The

15 miles N. of Dornoch. mountain of Malmor, rises on the S ; and GLENARAY, a vaie in Argyleshire, in the celebrated Con Fion, the hill of Fingal, the parish of Inverary. is situated on the N. side of the same vale. GLENARGLET, a valley in Stirlingshire. GLENCROE, a vale in Argyleshire, one GLENARTNE Y, a valley in Perthshire, of the passes to the Higlands, near the N. near Callender of Monteith. E. extremity of Loch Long. The scenery GLENBEG, a district in Inverness-shire. is wild and sublime in the highest degree; GLENBERVIE, a parish in Kincardine- on each side are mountains, steep and rug- shire, about G miles and a half long, and 5 ged, with overhanging rocks, many of broad, containing 13,963 English acres. The which have fallen to the bottom of the glen, soil in the upper part is a blue clay, and in while others threaten the traveller with in- the lower a dry loam, very fertile. Much stant destruction. In some parts the crag- has lately been done in agricultural im- gy summits appear to meet over the road provement, particularly on the estates of in others the valley opens, and the sides ex- Mr Barclay of Urie, and the late Lord Mon- hibit patches of vegetation, covered with boddo. The villages of and sheep. In the middle of the glen runs a Glenbervie are in this parish. Pop. 1227. considerable brook, near which the road is GLENBRAWN, a valley in Inverness- earned, and hundreds of rillsthatpourfrom shire, in the united parishes of Abernethy the mountains, form in their descent in- and Kincardine. numerable cascades. There are a few mi- GLENBRIARACHAN, a valley in In- serable cottages on the sides ofthe road. The yerness-shire, in the parish of Moulin. length of Glencroe is between 5 and 6 miles. GLENBUCKET, a parish in Aberdeen- The road ascends gently through the whole shire, 4 miles long and 1 broad, lying on of it, excepting the last mile, where it is the banks of a stream of the Don, called the very steep, and carried in a zigzag form to Bucket. The soil is mostly a light loam, in the top of the hill. The road then turns in- to Glenkinlass. last some places mixed with clay. The parish I This valley is termin- belongs to the Earl of Fife. Pop. 420. ated by the house and pleasure grounds of GLENCAIRN, an extensive parish in Ardkiulass, on the borders of Loch Fyne. Duinfries-shire, in length about II miles, GLENCROSS, a parish in Mid-Lothian, but its breadth varies from 3 to 5. It con- about 3 miles square. The roads to Dum- tains 21,795 Scots acres, or 42 and 3 quar- fries, Biggar, and Moffat, pass through it. ters square miles. Besides the Cairn river, A part of the Pentlarxi hills is in this parish, it is watered by several small rivulets, of and the soil in general is better adapt- which the chief are the Castlefern, Craig- ed for pasture than tillage; but the low darroch, and Dalwhat, which unite near grounds produce excellent crops. The mi- Minechive, Dunreggan is the only other vil- nerals are whiustone and freestone, and a lage in the parish. The land in general is vein of silver was discovered in a hill on the good: the holms and meadows on the sides S. side of Glencross water. Lime and coal of the rivers are fertile; and, next to these, are also found. In the vale on the N. side the rising grounds are of a light, warm, and of the water, are the ruins of a chapel. The kindly soil. In the higher parts there is ex- estate of Belhvood is finely cultivated, and cellent pasture. At the S. E. side of the the mansion is surrounded with thriving parish there is a lake called Loch Orr, or plantations. Inthis parish is Bullion Green, Urr, from which the river of that name noted for a battle between the covenanters takes rise. Ferguson of Craigdarroch has and the royal army under Dalziel. Within a fine seat in this neighbourhood. P. 1S6C. an inclosure, a monument is erected to the GLENCARREL, a valley in Sutherland, memory of the Rev. Mr Cruickshanks, Mr near Glenalot. M'Curmic, and about SO'otUers who fell in GLENCOE,a vale in Argyleshire, near tliis action. In 1813, buildings were erect? the head of Loch EtiTe, noted for the cruel ed to contain 6000 prisoners. Pop. 455. L E ] G L E G >

GLENDARUEL,a vale in Argyleshire, occupying tbe central part of the great val- in the parish of . ley which extends from Inverness to Fort GLEN DERBY, a vale in Perthshire, near William. Glengary is the property of the Blair-Athol. chief of the clan of Macdonell. GLENDOCHART, a valley in Perthshire, GLENGONAR, a vale and river in the in Breadalbane, through which the Dochart southern extremity of Lanarkshire, near runs to Loch Tay. Lead-hills, in which some particles of Jgold GLENDEVON, a parish in the county of dust is found. Perth, about 6 miles, by 4 and a half. The GLENGRUDY, a vale in Ross-shire, near general aspect is hilly, but the hills are Loch Fannich. green and smooth. The windings of the ri- GLENHOLM, a parish in Peebles-shire, ver Devon, with the plantations and sur- taking its name from the rivulet Holm, rounding scenery, form a highly picturesque which passes through it, and here falls into prospect. The soil of the arable land is in the Tweed. The parish is about 3 or 4

general fertile ; but the greater part is ap- miles long, and nearly 2 broad. The hills propriated to sheep pasture. Popula. 170. afford good sheep pasture. The arable soil GLENDOW, a valley in the counties of in the valleys is capable of high cultivation. Dunbarton and Stirling. There are six old castles, or towers, which GLENDUCE, a village in Sutherland- are now in ruins, but appear to have been shire, on the sea coast, near Loch Scowrie. strongly built. There are also the remains GLENELCHAIG, a district in Ross-shire, of several military stations, both circular in the parish of Kintail. Here is the cas- and rectangular. The post-road to Dum- cads of Glammach, a considerable waterfall, fries runs through the parish. Popula. 213. the view of which is rendered strikingly aw - GLENISLA, a parish in the county of ful from the darkness occasioned by the sur- Forfar, in a valley through which the river rounding hills a-.d thick woods. Isla runs. Its length is 18 miles, and near- GLENELG, a parish in Inverness-shire, ly 2 broad. The soil is in general of a light

which also gives name to a division of nature, full of stones : in some places it is a the same county, comprehending Glenelg, strong loam, capable of great improvement Knowdort, and North Morror. The whole from the limestone, which is found in great extent is about 20 miles in every direction. abundance in the northern part of the pa- The two farmer have a light fertile soil, but rish. Considerable attention is paid to the Morror is rocky, moantainous, and fit only rearing of sheep and black cattle. Here are for pasture. The great road from Fort Au- the ruins of two castles, Forter and New- gustus to the isle of Sky passes through the ton, which belonged to the Ogilvies of Air- parish; and, at the termination of the road, ly. Population 12G9. are the ancient barracks of Bernera. There GLEN KENS, the northern district of are many castles and round towers, built , comprehending the without mortar, two of which are very en- valley watered by the river Ken, and part tire. Population 2611. of the high lands which divide Galloway GLENELL Y, a village in Inverness-shire, from Carrick. It is divided into four parish- on the coast of the sound which separates es. breed of Sheep and black the isle of Sky from the mainland. cattle is much famed. GLENESK, a district in Forfarshire, GLENKINLAS, a vale in Argyleshire. through which the North Esk runs. GLENLEDNOCK, a vale in Perthshire. GLENFERNAT, a valley in Perthshire, GLENLIVET, a district in Banffshire. in the parish of Moulin, watered by the Ar- GLENLOCHAY, a vale in Argyie and not. Perth shires, near Loch Tay. GLENFICHAN, a valley on the W. coast GLENLOCHAY, a valley in Perthshire, of Lorn, Argyleshire. in Breadalbane. GLENFIDDICH, a fertile vale in Banff- GLENLOCHAY, a valley in Inverness- shire. shire. GLENFINNIN, a narrow vale in Inver- GLENLOTH, a vale in Sutherlandshire. ness-shire, at thejiead of Loch Shiel, into GLENLUCE, a district of Wigtonshire, which the river Finnin runs. watered by the river Luce. It is now di- GLENFYNE, a valley in Argyleshire, at vided into two parishes, called Old and New the head of Loch Fyne. Luce. Glenluce is still the name of a con- GLENCAIRN. See GLENMUICK. siderable village in that district, situated GLENGARREL. a vale in Dumfries-shire. at the discharge of the river Luce into the GLENGARY, a district ofInverness shire, : bay of the same name, containing upwards ; 6tE 127 G L E of 200 inhabitants. The beautiful seat of river Orchay glides through the middle, dr* Balcail is situated immediately N. of the viding it into two parts. The church and village. manse are situated on a beautiful oblong GLENLYON, a long narrow vale in islet, formed in the bed of the Orchay, up- Braidalbin in Perthshire, watered by the wards of a mile in circumference, every river Lyon. (See FORTINGAL.) where bordered with Coppices and natu* GLENMORE, a valley in Perthshire, 13 ral woods to the river side, The hills and miles N. of Blair- Athol. moors, which some years ago were covered GLENMORE, a district of Moray and In- with heath, are, since the introduction of verness-shires, abounding with wood, which Sheep, gradually getting a rich sward, and is of excellent quality, and is floated down afford excellent pasture. There are still the Spey to Garmouth, (q. v.) some traets of natural wood in Glenorchay. GLEN-MORE-NA-HrALABIN, " the The banks of Loch Aw are covered with of Caledonia," is aname applied plantations of various kinds of wood. At to that valley which runs from N. E. to S. the east end of Loch Aw stands the ruins- W. the whole breadth of the kingdom, from ofthe Castle of Kilchurn. On a small is- the Moray frith at Inverness to the Sound land, called Fraoch Elan, are the ruins of of Mull, below Fort William, and which is a castle. There is another ruinous castle almost filled with extensive lakes. The at Auchallader, in the upper part of the distance in a direct line is little more than parish. In the island of Inishail the re- 50 miles, and of this the navigable lakes, mains of a small monastry, with its chapel, Loch Ness, , and Loch Lochy, are to be seen. The chief hills are Bein- make near 40. It is through this tract that doran, Beinlaoi, and Chruachan. Besides the Caledonian Canal is now cutting. Loch Aw there are several lakes, and ma- , a valley in Inver- ny rivulets which abound with trout, and ness-shire. some salmon. The military road from Stir- GLENMOY, a vale in Angus-shire, near ling to Inverary and Fort William passes Brechin. through the parish. Cobalt, talc, asbestine GLENMUC-CLEUGH, a ridge of hills in filaments, and a beautiful green jasper, Dumfries-shire, composed entirely of lime- have been found in the fragments of the stone. mountains, which are most of granite, GLENMUICK, a large parish in the dis- with porphyry and a mixture of feldspar. trict of Marr, Aberdeenshire, formed by the Limestone is quarried in several parts of union of the parishes of Glenmuick, Tul- the parish. Population 1743. loch, and Glengairn. It lies about 40 GLENPROSSEN, a valley in Forfarshire, miles W. from Aberdeen. It is about IS in the parish of Kirriemuir. miles long, and 1 5 broad, intersected by the GLENQUIECH, a valley in Angus-shire, Dee, and several of its tributary streams. near Kirriemuir. The soil is shallow and early, producing GLENQUIECH, a valley in Perthshire, goodgrain. The hills are of considerable GLENROY, a valley in Inverness- shire,

elevation ; many of them covered with in which are the celebrated parallel or Fin- wood to the summit. The lake of Kan- galian roads. (See K1LMANIVAIG.) nor is about 3 miles in circumference, in GLENSBEE (SPITTAL of), a pass into-' which are several islands, with ruins upon the Highlands, near the head of the Black them. There are several other ruinous water, or Shee. It is a stage on the mili-- castles in the parish, particularly the cas- tary road to Fort George, 77 miles from' tle of Cnoe, Dee castle, and Glengairn. In Edinburgh. this district are the mineral wells of Pan- GLENSHIEL, a parish in Ross-shire, a nanach, on the banks of the Dee. There Highland district, extending from the N, is a vein oflead ore near the castle of Glen- W. side of Loch Duich, 16 miles long, and gairn. Limestone abounds in this district. from 1 and a half to 4 miles in breadth. It Population 1781. consists chiefly of two valleys on the sides GLENNEVIS, a valley ofInverness-shire, of which the hills rise to a prodigious near Fort William. height, almost by a perpendicular ascent. GLENORCHAYandlNISHAIL, an un- The interjacent valleys are covered with

ited parish, situated in the county of Ar- grass and some natural wood ; but the pro- gyle, on the bordersof Perthshire, upwards portion of arable ground is inconsiderable. of 24 miles long, but of an unequal breadth- The shores abound with fish, and Loch The whole district is mountainous and hil-- Duich is annually visited by shoali of Her- ly, excepting the vale of Glenorchay. The ring. In the heights of the parish is the GOI i::s GOT

pass of Glenshiel, famous for a battle be- tile. The shores abound with all sorts of tween the English troops and the Highland fish. Freestone and grey slate are abundant. adherents of King James, led by the Earl Population 1391. of Seaforth, in which the latter were de- GOMETRA, a small basaltic island of the feated. Population in 1801, 728. Hebrides, between Mull and Staffa, Cattle GLENTANAR, a parish in Aberdeen- and horses are reared, and kelp manufactur- shire, united to that of Abovne. (q. v.) ed. GLENTILT, a pass in the Highlands of GOODIE, a.small river in Perthshire, issu- Athole, famous for the warriors which it an- ingfrom the loch of Monteith, andfallsinto ciently produced, and the dangerous road the Forth at the bridge of Frew. which runs through it. It is several miles GORBALS of Glasgow. (See Glasgow.) in length, bounded on each side by moun- GORDON, a parish in the district of Lau- tains of an amazing height. On the S. is derdale, Berwickshire, about 7 miles long, the great hill of Beinglo. The sides of ma- varies from 2 to 4 in breadth. The surface ny of these mountains are covered with fine is uneven, but most of the hills are under verdure, and are excellent sheep walks. cultivation. The parish is watered by the The road (says Mr Pennant) is the most dan- Eden and Blackadder, and the great road

gerous and horrible I ever travelled. I from Edinburgh to London by runs GLENTRATHEN, or LINTRATHEN, through it. Population 851.—The VIL- | a parish in Forfarshire, about 8 miles long, of lies | LAGE GORDON on the road from E- and 4 broad, elevated on the skirts of the dinburgh to Kelso, 8 miles N. W. from the Grampian mountains. It has a bleak and latter. barren aspect. The surface is composed of GOULDIE, a village in the parish of j Mo-

hills, valleys, and mountains ; possesses few nikief, Forfarshire. Population about 200. spots which admit of culture, and even these GOU RDON, a fishing village in the parish j spots are of a thin moorish soil, yielding an of Bervie, Kincardineshire. It lies about 2 inferior quality of grain. It is watered by miles S. of the burgh of Inverbervie. P. 200. the Isla. Here are the ruins of a castle. A ! , a small town in Renfrewshire, lake about a mile in diameter, gives rise to parish of Innerkip, pleasantly situated on a one of the principal streams of the Melgam. bay of that name 3 miles W.from Greenock. Population 958. It is a great resort in the summer season fo* GLENTURRET, a romantie vale in those who frequent the seabathing.

Perthshire. I GO VAN, a parish in Lanark and Renfrew

GLENURQUHART, a valley In Inver- ; shires, about 5 miles long, and from 3 to 4 ness-shire. ; in breadth. The Clyde, which is here navi-

GLENWHURRYCLEUGH, a hill on the I gable to vessels drawing 8 feet water, divides

"N. of Dumfries-shire. I it nearly into two equal parts. On each side GLIMSHOLM, one of the smaller Orkney of the river a fine plain extends about a mile isles, nearly miles S. of and a half in breadth, adorned with beauti- 2 Pomona. | GLITNESS, one of the smaller Shetland ful plantations and villas. The Kelvin, in isles, 11 miles N. by E. of Lerwick. passing through this parish, is of great ser- GOATFIELD, or GAOILEHEIN, a lofty vice in the working of machinery, and wa- mountain in the island of Arran. It is ele- ters 5 or 6 extensive bleachfields. There is

vated 2S 40 feet. plenty of freestone ; and brick and clay, and GOIL (LOCH), a small arm of the sea in coal have been wrought for many years, A- Argyleshire, which strikes off from Loch bout 2 miles S. of the church, are the re- Long. mains of an old castle, of Gothic architec-

GOLSPY, a parish in Sutherlandshire, ex- ture, built in 1585 ; and near the Kelvin tending along the coast about 10 miles, and are the remains of an edifice, erected in from 1 to 2 in breadth, divided by the rivu- 1G11, for the country residence of the bi- let of Golspy, at the mouth of which is the shops of Glasgow. Population 3500, exclu- village, containing nearly 300 inhabitants. sive of that part which is considered as sub- Dunrobin castle is situated on an eminence urbs of Glasgow.- -The VILLAGE of GO- near the shore. Near Craigton, a subterra- VAN is situated on the S. bank of theCIyde, neous building has been discovered, having 2 miles and a half below Glasgow. It con- an entry from the surface by a hole 2 feet and tains 800 or 900 inhahitants. a half square, and leading to an apartment GOWRIE. (See Carse of Gowrle and 1 1 feet square, and 9 feet high, covered with Blairgowrie.) flag stones. The arable soil is in general GR^MSAY, one of the Orkney islands, a light, but of good quality, and tolerably fer« mile and a half long, and I broad. A great SEA 3 part is arable, and only a few sheep are are seen piled on one another in the most reared in the hilly district. Pop. 190. awful magnificence. The height of these GRAHAM STON, a village in the parish mountains varies from 1400 feet. Along the of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, a mile and a half S. base lies Strathmore, or " great vale," a N. of that town. The road to Carron pass* term which is often given to the strath from es through it. Dunbarton to Aberdeen. Many of the hills GRAHAMSTON, a village in the ba- are evidently volcanic, and composed of ba- rony parish of Glasgow, (q. v.) saltics and lava. Precious stones abound GRA1TNEY, a parish and village in in the Aberdeenshire mountains, and the Dumfries-shire, 6 miles along the Solway cairngorum topazes are well known. Frith, and three broad. It is in general GRANGE, a parish in Banffshire, about fiat. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. 6 miles long, from N. to S. and 5 broad. It There are several harbours on the Solway extends N. from the banks of the river Is- Frith, where vessels of considerable bur- la, in three long but low ridges, terminat- den can unload, particularly at the small ing in the mountains called the Knock-hill, villages of Sarkfoot, Reidkirkpoint, Brow- the Lurg-hill, and the hill ofAltmore. The houses, &c. The Sark and Kirtle rivulets low ground is in general well cultivated, intersect the parish for several miles. The and has extended nearly half way up the new village of Springfield, lately built, pro- neighbouring hills. On the banks of the Is-

mises to be a thriving manufacturing sta- la, the ground is tolerably dry and early ; tion. The village of Graitney is the first but the N. district is cold, wet, and unpro- stage in Scotland, on the road from Eng- ductive. There are inexhaustible q uarries land by Moffat to Edinburgh, and has been of the best limestone. It is intersected by the annals of matrimonial roads in every direction from Banff, Cullen, long famous in j adventure, for the marriages of fugitive lo- and Aberdeen, &c. Here is the ruinous vers from England. Graitney-hall has been castle of Grange, once the residence of the

lately 'fitted up as a commodious stage inn, ! abbots of Kinloss; much of ancient magni-

bytheEarl of Hopetoun, the proprietor. In . ficence still remains. Population 1529. village is the the neighbourhood of the ele- | GRANGEMOUTH, a village in the pa- gant mansion-house of Springkell. At Grait- rish of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, 5 miles E. ney Mains are the remains of an oval Drui- by N. of Falkirk, at the junction of the dical temple. Population 1749. great canal with the Carron, and consists GRAMPIAN MOUNTAINS, that chain chiefly ofone street and some lanes. It was of hills which extend across the island, begun by Sir Lawrence Dundas in 1777, from the district of Cowal in Argyleshire, and is now a place of considerable impor - on the Atlantic, to Aberdeen on the Ger- tance. It has a dry dock, a rope work, and man ocean; and there forming another a custom-house, with spacious warehouses ridge in a north westerly direction, extends for goods. It carries on a considerable through Aberdeenshire to Moray and the trade with the Baltic and , and has borders of Inverness. The southern front also a good coasting trade. Population 800. of the first ridge has in many places a gra- GRANTOWN, a village in "the parish of dual and pleasant slope into a champaign Cromdale, in Morayshire, 12 miles S. of

country, of great extent and fertility ; and, Forres. It is neatly built, with a Town- notwithstanding the forbidding aspect of house and prison of elegant architecture. the mountains, withtheir coverings of heath Besides the parish school there is another and rugged rocks, they are intersected by where Latin, French, &c. are taught. winding valleys, watered by rivers and Here is also an hospital for Orphans, which brooks of the most limpid water, clad with maintains 30 poor children. It lies on the the richest pastures, sheltered by thriving great road to Inverness, and contains about woods thatfringe the lakes, and run on each 400 inhabitants. side of the streams, and are accessible in GREENHOLM, one ofthe'Orkneys, a mile most places by excellent roads. The rivers and a half S. W. of the Island of Eday. in the deep defiles struggle to find a pas- GREENHOLM, one of the Shetland is-

sage ; and often the opposite hills approach lands, lying 10 miles N. N. W. of the town so near, that the waters are precipitated of Lerwick. with incredible force and deafening noise. GREENLAW a parish in the county of Beyond these, plains of various extent ap- Berwick, 7 or 8 miles long, and on an ave- pear, with villages and cultivated fields. rage 2 broad. The surface is in general le- The N. side of the Grampians is more rug- vel. The soil in the S. part of the parish ged in its appearance, and the huge masses \ it exceedingly fertile, but, towards the N, ; .

G R B 1 I G R O

of a very inferior quality ; and, on the Aberdeen. Greenock is also deeply engag- northern borders, is only fit for sheep pas- ed in the herring and Newfoundland fishe- ture. The house of Marchmont, is situat- ries. It has five houses for refining sugar, ed about a mile or two from the town. and four large rope works, besides a few on a There are the remains of two religious, small scale; two dry docks, in which ships houses which were dependent on the priory of 500 tons can be repaired; 5 Ship-buil- of Kelso. Popu. 1 260.—The TOWN OF ders' yards, where vessels of 800 tons have GREENLAW lies 7 miles and a half W. of been built, a tan-work, the largest in Scot-

Dunse. The town is situated nearly in the land ; and two iron foundries ; and also two centre of the county, and is a burgh of ba- banking companies. It contains three pa- rony, held in feu, from the Earl of March- rish churches, a Gaelic chapel of ease, 2 mont. After the town of Berwick was United Secession, Relief, and Missionary taken by the English, the Courts of Justice meeting-houses. Population of the town were removed to Dunse, and shortly after and parish 25,000. established in the town of Greenlaw, which GREENOCK, a small tributary stream of is still the county town. It contains a- the river Ayr, which it joins near the vil- bout COO inhabitants. lage of Catrine. GREENOCK, a parish in Renfrewshire, , an island of the Hebrides, It extends about 4 miles and a half along valuable only for its kelp, lying between N. the'Frith of Clyde, indented by several bays, Uist and Benbecula. where there is safe anchorage. Excepting GRIMSHADER (LOCH), an arm of the a stripe of level ground along the shore, the sea, in the island of Lewis, near the town surface is hilly, agreeably diversified, and of Stornaway. watered on the S. by the . The GROAT'S HOUSE(JOHNO*),amemora- •village of Crawford's-dike, nearly adjoining ble place in the parish of , in'Caith-

to the town of Greenock, is a burgh of ba- nessr which, perhaps, owes its fame less rony, erected in 1653 by King Charles II. to the circumstances of its local situation, The mansion-house of Greenock is a large at the northern extremity of the island, modem building, situated on a considera- than to an event which it may not be im- ble eminence S. from the town. Popula- proper to relate. In the reign of James IV. tion 19,042—The TOWN of GREENOCK three brothers, Malcolm, Gavin, and John lies 22 miles W. of Glasgow. It is situated de Groat, (supposed to have been originally on a narrow strip of land, between a high from Holland,) arrived in Caithness, with a bank to the S. and the sea on the N. The letter from that prince, recommending them principal street extends from E. to W. near- to the protection of his loving subjects in ly a mile, and there are other parallel streets the county of Caithness. These brothers along the quays. It contains a number of purchased some land near Dungisbay-head, elegant buildings. In the centre of the and, in a short time, by the increase of their town is a square, on the S. of which is a families, 8 different proprietors ofthe name

neat church ; a theatre, an infirmary, a of Groat possessed these lauds, in equal di-

bridewell ; and a large house for a Coffee- visions. These 8 families having lived room, assembly-rooms, &c. have been late- peaceably and comfortably for a number of ly built. Greenock was erected into a burgh years, established an annual meeting, to of barony by Charles I. It is governed by celebrate the anniversary of the arrival of

two bailies and nine councillors ; the reve- their ancestors on the coast. In the course nue is about L.2000 per annum. The har- of the festivity on one of these occasions, a bour is very spacious and commodious question arose respecting the right of tak- within these few years the quays have been ing the door, the head of the table, &c. removed farther out to a greater depth of which increased to such a degree as would water, and new quays have been built to probably have proved fatal in its conse- the eastward of the old harbour, at which quences, had not John de Groat interfered. there is from 16 to 20 feet water, and from He expatiated on the comfort they had here- 6 to 7 at low water. It is now capable of tofore enjoyed, and assured them, that, as containing 500 sail of ships, and has been soon as they appeared to quarrel amongst completed at the expense of L. 60,000. The themselves, their neighbours, who had till trade of this port is so considerable, that then treated them with respect, would fall Greenock is-now the first port in Scotland. upon them, and expel them the country: The great canal has opened to it an exten- he therefore conjured them, by the ties of sive trade to the E. coast of the kingdom, blood, and their mutal safety, to return particularly London, Leith, Dundee, and quietly to their several homcs,.and pledged GRY GUT

himself that he would satisfy them on all Black Cart at VValkinshaw, and the White points of precedency, and prevent the pos- Cart at Inchinan-biidge, and falls into the sibility of such disputes at their future anni- Clyde about a mile below Renfrew. It a versary meetings. They all acquiesced, and bounds with trout and perch, and near its departed in peace. In due time, John de mouth salmon are plenty in the proper sea Groat, to fulfil his engagement, built a sons. It also gives motion to several cotton room, distinct from all other houses, in an mills. This river anciently gave the name octagon figure, with S doors, and having of Strathgryfe to the district which is now placed a table of oak of the same shape in termed Renfrew. the middle, when the next meeting took GOLAN, a small straggling village in the place, he desired each of them to enter by parish of Dirleton, county of Haddington. his own door, and tositatthe head of the The promontory called GULANNESS, is table, he himself occupying the last. By the point where the Frith of Forth opens this ingenuous contrivance, the harmony into the German ocean. and good humour of the company were re- GUMSCLEUCH, a mountain in Peebles- stored. The building was then named John shire, parish of , elevated 2200 feet ©' Groaf s House; and, though nothing re- above the level of the sea. mains but the foundation of the building, , a small island of the Hebrides, the place still retains the name. lying in the sound betwixt the islands of GRUGAG, a river in the parish of Edder- Coll and Tiry. town, in Ross-shire, which falls over a pre- GUTHRIE, a parish in Angns-shire, one cipice nearly 300 feet high. lit of the parish is separated at least 6 GRUNNOCK (LOCH), a lake in the pa- miles from the other, and lies directly S. rish of Girthon, in Kirkcudbrightshire,about from it. Its superficial contents are about 5 miles in length, and 1 in breadth, remar- 2700 acres, of which 500 are moor. The kable for the vast numbers of charr it con- remainder, with the exception of 80 acres tains. loss, and 00 under plantations, is arable., GRYFE, a considerable riverin Renfrew- or under pasture. From the hill of Guth- shire. It has its source in the high moors rie, the surface gradually descends towards in the parish of Greenock, and runs a very the S. and S. E. The castle of Guthrie is a rapid course through the parishes of Kilma- strong building, still very entire. In the colm, Houston, and Kilbarchan, to the low southern district of the parish is part of a country at Fullwood, after which it moves Roman camp, the vallum and fosse ofwhich slowly, in a serpentine course, receiving the are very distinct Population 556. H

HAD HAD

HADDINGTONSHIRE, or EAST LO- facture have been established. A t Preston- THIAN, is bounded on the W. by pans, a great manufacture of vitriol has

Edinburghshire, on the N. by the Frith of been established ; and near the same place Forth, on the E. by the German Ocean, the manufacture of sal-ammoniac has been and on the S. by the great ridge of the Larn- for some time carried on. Haddingtonshire mermuir hills. It extends about 25 miles contains three royal burghs, viz. Hadding- in length, and from 12 to 16 in breadth. It ton, North Berwick, and Dunbar; and se- is one of the most fertile counties in the veral populous towns and villages, as Tra- kingdom. Towards the S. the surface is nent, Prestonpans, Aberlady, Dirleton, &c. rugged and mountainous, but well adapted It abounds with excellent coal, freestone, for the pasturage of sheep. The county is and limestone. Ironstone is also found in the intersected by many streams of clear water, parish of . Belonging to this coun- none of which deserve the name of river, ty are the islands of Bass and Fiddrie. The except the Tyne. Agriculture is well un- whole county is divided into 24 parishes, derstood here. The inhabitants on the sea containing 51,0.57 inhabitants. coast employ themselves in the fishery and HADDINGTON, a parish in the above salt-making. In the inland parts, several county, 6 miles square, containing 12,00t) branches of the linen and woollen manu- acres. Towardsthe \V. the soil is barren ;

HAL HAM

and unproductive ; but the rest of the parish shire, in the parish of Langholm. See is arable, well enclosed, and in a high state LANGHOLM. of cultivation. The Tyne intersects the HALKIRK, a parish in Caithness-shire, parish. It contains several elegant seats. bounded on the N. by Thurso, is 24 miles About a mile below the town, on the N. long, the breadth varies from 7 to 12. The bank of the Tyne, stood the abbey of Had- soil is in general good. The surface is ge- dington, founded in 117S. A small frag- nerally flat, though there are several rising ment of one of the walls is all that now re- grounds. Great numbers of sheep are rear-

mains of this fabric. Population 4370 ed ; but the greatest attention is paid to the The BURGH of HADDINGTON, the coun- raising of oats and barley. A great part, ty town of East Lothian, lies 16 miles E. of however, is still waste, and covered with Edinburgh. It is situated on a plain on lakes and swamps. There are 24 large and the left bank of the Tyne, and consists of 4 small lakes, which give rise to numerous streets, which intersect each other. The streams, among which are the rivers of S. or High-street, is bread and spacious, Thurso and Forse. There is limestone and

containing many fine and elegant houses ; marl. Of antiquities, the castle of Braal the other streets are clean and handsome, claims the first notice. It is one of the fin- having many good houses. On the S. side est places in Caithness, and of the strongest ofthe town is the church of the Franciscans. massive construction. The castles of Dirlet, The W. end of the church was repaired Lochmore, and Auchnavern, are also an- within these few years, in a style of great cient edifices. Population 2532. magnificence, in the Gothic taste. The HALADALE, a river which takes its rise great tower and choir are unroofed, and at the base of the Bein-Griam mountains, fast going to ruin. This church was an- and, after a course of 20 miles, falls into the ciently called " theLamp of Lothian, "from Pentland Frith at Bighouse bay. It forms its magnificence. On the E. side of the the boundary for several miles between the Nungate is the ruins of St Martin's chapel. counties of Sutherland and Caithness. Haddington has a good grammar school HALAVAILS, two mountains in the isle a school for English, writing, and accounts of Sky, elevated about 2000 feet, and within and a school for mathematics and geogra- a mile of each other, affording a good land- phy. In 1224, it was consumed by fire; in mark.

1355, it was burnt by Edward III. ; and in HAMILTON, a parish in Lanarkshire, 6 1698, it was almost again consumed. In miles square, in the centre of the middle 1548, it was taken by the English, and eva- ward. It is watered by the Clyde and Avon, cuated in 1549. In 1421, on St 's over which there are 3 bridges. On the day, it suffered greatly by an inundation; banks of the Clyde lie extensive meadows and on 4th Oct. 1775, the Tyne rose 17 feet and holms, with a rich fertile soil. The

perpendicular, and laid half the town un- ground rises gradually to the S. W. ; the der water. Haddington is governed by a highest parts are about 600 feet above the provost, 3 bailies, a dean of guild, a trea- level of the sea, but without forming any surer, and 19 councillors, and ha3 9 incor- hills, or becoming remarkably uneven. The porated trades. It joins with Dunbar, land is all arable, except the steep banks of North Berwick, Jedburgh, and Lauder, in the Avon, some swampy meadows, and sending a member to parliament. Its re- those parts which are covered with natural venues amount to upwards of L. 1400. On wood. The soil is in general good; but, Friday it has a weekly market for all kinds upon the whole, this parish is rather a beau- Coal is wrought of grain, said to be the greatest in Scotland. I tiful than a fertile country. In the town are a woollen manufactory and in several places in the neighbourhood of j for three tan-works. On the opposite bank of I the town. Limestone has been wrought the Tyne is the Nungate, a suburb of the upwards of a century. Freestone and Iron- j town, connected with it by a bridge of 3 stone abound, and many springs contain | arches. Haddington gives the title of Earl iron in solution. There are several beds of to a branch of the Hamilton family. (See steatites, or rock soap ; and clay of the finest THORN ABBEY.) Population 4370. kind, fit for the making of earthen ware. HADDO, a small town in the parish of Population 6455.—The TOWN of HAMIL- , Aberdeenshire, 9 miles N. N. E. TON lies 11 miles S. E. of Glasgow. It is from Inverury. handsome, though irregularly built, and HALBORN-HEAD, a promontory in noted for the palace of the noble family of Caithness, on the VV. side of Thurso bay. Hamilton. It lies along the bottom of a HALFMORTON.a district in Dumfri«i. rising ground, extending nearly a mile in H A R 1 i H A R length. It has a neat town-house and pri- HARRAY, a parish in the island of Po- son, a parish church, and commodious build- mona, in Orkney, united to the parish of ings for the market-places. It has 3 hospi- Birsay. It is 7 miles and a half long, and tals, where 21 old men are maintained. It of irregular breadth, containing about 20 is uncertain when the town was built, but square miles. Population 691. it was erected into a burgh of barony in HARRIS, a district of the Hebrides, 1456. In 1548, it was erected by Queen comprehending the southern part ofLewis,

Wary into a royal burgh ; but the rights and and the small islands which surround it, privileges thus acquired from the crown of which Eemeray, Calligray, , Pab- were resigned into the hands of William bay, , Scalpay, and Scarp, only are

Duke of Hamilton after the Reformation, inhabited ; besides a vast number of pas- who, in 1670, restored to the community its ture and kelp isles, holms , and high rocks, former privileges, and erected it into a which are also distinguished by particular burgh of regality, dependent on him and names. The mainland of Harris is separ- his successors, in which state it still re- ated from Lewis by a narrow isthmus of mains. The residence of the family of about 6 miles, formed by the approximation Hamilton necessarily renders it a gay of the two harbours ofLoch Resort and Loch place; indeed, its race3 are amongst the Seaforth. The whole length, from the isth- best attendedin the west of Scotland. The mus to the southern end of Harris, where women have been long famous forthe spin- the sea separates it from North Uist, may ning of linen yarn. In the cotton manu- be estimated at 25 or 26 miles. Its breadth facture, S00 looms are employed. Hamil- is extremely various, intersected by several ton contains about 4000 inhabitants. A arms of thesea, but it generally extendsfrom fine square of barracks for cavalry has been 6 to 8 miles. Harris is again naturally di- lately erected in the vicinity of the town. vided into two districts by two arms of tha Hamilton house, or palace, forms 3 sides of sea, called East and West Loch Tarbert, a quadrangle, and appears to have been built which approach so near each other as toleave at different periods. Several of the rooms an isthmus of not more than a quarter of a are very large, particularly the gallery, mile in breadth. The northern district, be- which contains a collection of pictures, one tween Tarbert and Lewis, is termed the of the best in Scotland. On a rock over- Forest, though without a tree or shrub. A- hanging the W. bank of the Avon, stand long the eastern and western shores there the ruins of Cadzow castle, the ancient ma- are a number of creeks or inlets ofthe sea, nor-house. Opposite to these ruins, on the most of them commodious harbours; at other side of the Avon, is a building, said each of which a colony of tenants contrive, to have been a representation of the castle by a wonderful exertion of industry, to raise of Chatelherault in Normandy, from which crops from a soil of the most forbidding as- the family of Hamilton have the title of pect. The surface of the ground S. of Tar- Duke of Chatelherault in France. A little bert is much of the same appearance as the below Cadzow is Barncluith, or rather the northern district; but the hills are not so remains of it. It is much resorted to by elevated, and the coasts are better adapted strangers for the fine prospect it commands for culture, and consequently better peopled. of the wooded banks of the Avon, and the Kelp is the staple, and excepting the few fertile vales on the sides of the Clyde. The cows sold to the drovers, the only valuable ar- roads from Glasgow to Edinburgh, and from ticle of exportation which the country pro- Edinburgh to Ayr, pass through the town. duces. On the mainland of Harris there are HANDA, a small island on the W. coast many monuments of druidism, and several of the county of Sutherland, separatedfrom religious edifices. The different branches of the mainland by a narrow sound. It is a the family of Macleod, and of Harris, are pro- mile square, affording excellent pasture for prietors of the island. Population of Har- a few sheep. ris and its islands 3569. HANGINGSHAWLAW, a mountain in HARRIS (SOUND of), a navigable chan- the county of Selkirk, elevated 19S0 feet. nel between the islands of Harris and N. HARLAW, a place in Garioch, Aberdeen Uist, 9 miles in length, and 9 in breadth. shire, where a great battle was fought in It is the only passage for vessels of burden 1411, between the royal forces under the passing from the E. to W. side of that long Earl of Marr, and the forces of Donald, cluster of islands called the Long Island. Lord of the Isles. A remarkable variation of the current hap- HARPORT (LOCH), a safe harbour on pens in this sound, from the autumnal to

the S. W. coast of the Isle of Skye. the vernal equinox ; the current in near> HAW 4 HAW

'tides passes all day from E. to IV., and all Peace Courts, &c. A very handsomebuild- night in the contrary direction; after the ingin Buccleugh Street, called the Sub- vernal equinox, it changes this course, going scription Rooms, was finished in 1821, and all day from W. to E., and the contrary at is a great ornament to this quarter ofthe

night : at spring tides, the current corres- Town. The Academy at the west end of ponds nearly to the common -course. the Town, is a handsome and commo- HARTFEL, a mountain in the parish of dious building, and is most appropriately Moffat, in Dumfries-shire, noted for the and delightfully situated, for the purpose mineral spring called the Hartfel Spa. It ofan extensive seminary ofeducation. The it 3900 feet above the level ofthe sea. The Parish Church standsbetween the southern spring is found at the base oftile mountain, and western banks of the Slitridge, on a in a deep and narrow linn or ravine, the beautiful circular eminence, formed by a sides of which are laid bare to the very top, turn of that river, at the south end of the and form a very interesting object to the High Street, or market-place, near to the mineralogist, as all the strata are distinctly two Bridges, which cross that water, and seen. The mountain abounds with iron- form thejunction ofthe two divisions of stone of a rich quality, and there are sever- the Town. The Crescent is on the eastern al appearances of lead and copper. bank ofthe Slitridge water, in this quarter HARTFIELD, a mountain in the district of the Town, and is a beautiful row of ele- of , elevated 2S00 feet. gant modern houses. Besides the Parish HAVEN (EAST and WEST), two fish- Church, there are in Hawick, twojChurches ing villages, about a mile distant from each belonging to the United Secession, one other, in the parish of Panbride, in the coun- Relief, one Baptist Meeting House, anda ve- ty of Forfar. The East Haven contains a- ry neat plain Meeting House, in Buccleuch bout 120 inhabitants, and the West Ha- Street, belonging to the Society ofFriends. ven nearly 250. Hawick is a Burgh of Barony, independent HAW 1CK, a parish in the county of Rox- ofthe Lord of erection, and appears to have burgh, nearly 16 miles long, and 4 and a existed free from a very early period. But half broad. The general appearance is the rights and documents of the Burgh, hilly ; but none ofthe lulls are ofremarkable having been either lost or destroyed, during size, and all are green, and afford excellent the inroads ofthe English Borderers, a char- sheep pasture. The arable soil is inconsi- ter was granted in 1545, by James Doug- derable compared with the pasturage. las, Comes de Drumlanark, confirming to HAWICK, is a thriving Town, in the pa- the Burgesses, such rjghts and lands as rish of that name, and County ofRoxburgh, they formerly possessed. This charter was on the great road from Edinburgh to Lon- confirmed, in toto, by another, granted don, by Carlisle. It liesj 49 miles south of by Queen Mary, in the month of May, of Edinburgh, 44 north of Carlisle, 20 west of the same year. In consequence of these Kelso, 10 west by north of Jedburgh, and charters, the Burgesses elect their Magis- 11 miles south ofSelkirk. The Town stands trates annually, viz. two Bailies, and two chiefly upon the east bank ofthe river Ti- representatives of each ofthe seven incor- viot, where the water of Slitridge falls into porated trades, which, with fifteen stand- that river, and consists principally of the ing councillors, elected for life, manage High Street, which runs nearly parallel to the affairs of the Town. Hawick posses- the Tiviot, about half a mile in length, es all the immunities and privileges of a with a large market-place at the south end Royal Burgh, except that ofsending Mem- of the street. The other parts ofthe Town bers to Parliament. The revenue of the lie upon the south and west sides of the Town, amounts to 4 or L.500 per annum. Slitridge, over which, there are two stone The whole oftheTownis well paved and Bridges of communication— one of which lighted, and most abundantly supplied with is very ancient; over the Tiviot, a hand- excellent spring water, conveyed to every some Bridge forms the communication with part ofthe Town by leaden pipes. Hawick the country to the north. The High Street carries on a very extensive manufacture is broad, regular, and spacious, and con- of stockings, which employ between 500 tains many good and handsome buildings, and 600 stocking frames. In the spin- the south-west part of the Townl, is more ning and carding of wool, chiefly 's irregular. The Town-Hall in the High wool, much business is done. There are Street, is a commodious plain erection, in eight or ten carding and spinning mills, which arc apartments for transacting the some of them on a large scale, wrought by uumiupal business of the Town, Justice of water, containing machinery of the most H E B

improved construction. It is computed, H E B R I D E S, nr the WESTERN IS- that from eight to nine hundred thousand LANDS. These islands are nearly 200 in pounds weight of wool, is annually carded number, lie scattered in the Atlantic, to the and spun into yarn, and of this quantity, one W. of the mainland of Scotland. The small half is made into hose in Hawick, and the islands or holms amount to about 160, of remainder sold in Glasgow, and other ma- which a fourth are sometimes inhabited in

nufacturing towns m England ; carpets and the summer. In superficial extent, the He- blankets are also manufactured here, to a brides rather exceed 3184 square miles, or considerable amount. The tanning of lea- 1,592,000 Scots acres, or 2,037,760 English ther, and the dressing of sheep and lamb acres, nearly a 12th of Scotland, or a 50th skins, are important branches oftrade ; and of Great Britain. They are named by an- the making of gloves and thongs employ a cient writers the Hebrides, iEbudae, or JE- number of hands. Corn and flour mills are modsB, but were never accurately known or on the banks of the rivers, and there is a described till the beginning of the 16th cen- large brewery in the town. A branch of tury, when a description of them was pub- the British Linen Company's Bank, has long lished by Donald Monro, High Dean of the been established here. There are two pub- Isles. The ancient history of these islands lic libraries in Hawick, and two reading is involved in great obscurity ; and many rooms, amply supplied with the London and I fabulous stories are told by Boethius and provincial newspapers. mechanics* A in- I Buchanan concerning the ancient inhabi- stitution, or school of aits, has lately been I tants of the Ebndas. They appear to have established, which promises to be of the • been under their own princes, and subject utmost utility. The agricultural society, or I to the Scottish monarchs, until the Sth cen- farmers' club, instituted here in 1776, was tury, when the Danes and Norwegians, who among the first establishments of the kind had made frequent descents on these is- in Scotland. Hawick may be considered lands, got possession of the greater part of as the first trading and manufacturing them. After a succession of revolutions, town in the South of Scotland. Hawick i however, in which they were sometimes and its environs are the admiration of eve claimed by one sovereign, and sometimes ry stranger. The banks of the Tiviot are under the domination of another, they were extremely picturesque and delightful, and ! finally ceded to Scotland, by the successor the approach to the town from the south, of Hacho, after the battle of Largs, for the can no where be surpassed in beauty. The annual tribute of 100 merks. The inhabi- extensive nursery grounds, which are in tants of these isles observe the same cus- the immediate vicinity ofthe town, contain toms, wears the same dress, speak the same a most extensive collection of all the fruit language, and are in every respect similar and forest trees, flower plants, roots, &c. to the Highlanders of Scotland. These is- which have been naturalized in this coun- lands were lately possessed by 49 proprietors, try. These extensive grounds add much 19 having estates from L.50 to L.500 in va- | to the embellishment of the surrounding lue; 22fromL.500toL.3000, and 8 from romantic scenery. The fanners, or win- L.3000toL.lS,000. These islands are di- nowing machine, which maybe said to have vided into 31 parishes. Every variety of soil been the first attempt to abridge agricultu- known in Scotland, occurs in them. Very ral manual labour by machinery, was the great advances are making in agriculture ; invention of Andrew Rodger, a farmer in but the chief dependence of the inhabitants this parish, in the year 1737, and at that is upon their livestock, the fisheries, and the period met with great opposition, as setting manufacture of kelp. There are generally aside the good old way ! The celebrated about 1 10,000 head of cattle, ofwhich l-5tb Gavin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, the is annually exported to the mainland. The Scottish poet, and translator of Virgil, was number of sheep is estimated at 100,000, sector of Hawick. The weekly market day The fisheries bringinto these isles L. 200,000 is Thursday, and four annual fairs are held per annum, attheexpense ofabout 120,0001. here, viz. the on 17th of May, 17th of July, The kelp shores yieldfrom 5000 to 5500 tons r 21st of September, and the Sth of Novem- of which the Long island furnishes 400O ber. A cattle tryst is held on the 3d Tues- tons. The average price is L.16 per ton. day in October, to which immense num- The total value of the imports, including bers of black cattle are brought to sale, in the fisheries, amounts to about L.400,000. passing from Falkirk tryst, to Carlisle and Potatoes are cultivated so much here, as to fairs. Population of the town form4-5ths of the food of the inhabitants. and parish, by the census of 1821, 4387. Sand-drift is so extensively injurious in some- 136 II I G instances, as to destroy one-half of the ara- them, and the latter comprehending the ble land. Broom, whins, and bent grasses, counties of Inverness, Ross, Sutherland,the are cultivated to prevent the shifting of the districts of Athol, Rannoch, and the isles sand. Population 90,000. of Sky, Lewis, belonging to Inverness HEISKER, a small island ofthe Hebrides, and Ross; Breadalbane, Marr, and Mon- lying about two leagues westward of North teith, forming a third or central division. Uist. It is only valuable for its kelp shores. The extent of this great district from Dun- , a village in the pa- barton to the borders of Caithness, is up- rish of Row, 8 mile3 W. of Dunbarton. wards of 200 miles, and its breadth varies It is pleasantly situated on the N. bank of from 80 to 100. The whole is wild, rugged, the Clyde, opposite to Greenock, at the en- and mountainous in the highest degree. trance of the Gair Loch. About half a Many of these mountains are elevated to a mile E. ofthe village is a suit of cold and great height. The vales at their bases are warm baths, elegantly fitted up. There generally occupied by lakes, or the precipi- are few manufactures carried on. Popu- tous rivers which pour in torrents from the lation 450. hills. The great rivers of the country have HELL'S CLEUGH, a bill in the parish of their rise in these wilds, descending to the , in Peebles-shire, '2100 feet high. ocean with great rapidity. Of these the HELL'S SKERRIES, a cluster of small Tay, the Spey, and the Forth, are the chief. islands of the Hebrides, about 10 miles W. Until the beginning ofthe last century, no from the island of Rum, so named from the regular roads and bridges had been made violent current which runs through them. in the Highlands, and the entries from the HELMSDALE, a river of Sutheriandshire. Lowlands were often impassable for the It takes its rise from Loch Coyn and several greater part ofthe year.--Hence the inha- other lakes in the parish of Kildonan, and bitants, being prevented from commerce running in a S.E. direction, about 20 miles, and acquaintance with the more cultivated falls into the German Ocean, about 5 miles part of the country, were likely long to con- S. of the Ord of Caithness. tinue attached to their ancient customs HERIOT, a parish in Edinburghshire, a- and manners, unless some expedients were bout 10 miles in length, and 6 in breadth. found to introduce trade and industry a- Towards the N. E. the surface is level, and mong them. To produce this desirable ef- on the banks ofthe Gala and Heriot waters fect, General Wade, in 1724, being ordered there are some fertile meadows, but the ge- by a commission from George I. travelled neral appearance is mountainous. There over the most difficult and dangerous pass- are the remains of several ancient fortifi- es of the mountains, and, in his progress, cations, generally of a circular form. Popu- projected the bold undertaking of making lation 500. smooth and spacious roads in that confused HERIOT, a small river in Edinburgh- and rugged district. In 1726 he began the shire, which rises at the west end of the work, which he completed in 17.37, employ- parish of Heriot, and, after a course of a ing in it only 500 soldiers, under proper offi- few miles, loses itself in the water of Gala, cers. Wherever the hills permit, they run below Haltrees. in straight lines, notwithstanding the rocks HERMATFA, one ofthe uninhabited and bogs which often interpose. The large Harris islands. stones which were raised out of the ground HERMITAGE, a river in the parish of by means of an engine, are set up by the Castletown, in Roxburghshire. It falls in- road side, to serve as guides in deep snows; to the Liddal, near the English border. and, at every 5 measured miles are pillars,

HKSTON, a small island of Kirkcud- to i nform the traveller how far he has pro- brightshire, situated at the mouth ofthe ceeded. The roads enter the mountains river Urr. at 3 different parts of the low country; one HIGHLANDS, one ofthe two greater di- at Crieff, another at Dunkeld, and the last visions of Scotland, applied to the moun- goes along the side of I ochlomond by Luss. tainous part of the country to the N. and N. The general met with many difficulties in W. in contradistinction to the Lowlands, the prosecution ofthe work, but at length which occupy the E. and S. E. district. The had the satisfaction to see them completed. Highlands are generally subdivided into 2 Since that period, the military roads have parts, the West Highlands, and the North been farther extended, opening a ready

Highlands ; the former of which contains communication with every part of the coun- the shires of Dunbarton, Bute, part ofPerth try. In the Highlandsthe feudal system long

and Argyle, with the islands belonging to continued ; and, until the year 1748, when .

h o i> 15: ~H Q U

" heritable jmlsdictions were finally abolish-" HOTAY, one of the" smaller Hebrides ed, every baron might be said to here the near Harris. power of life and death over his . HOLME, a parish on the S. E. coast of T;he Highlanders, about the middle, of the Pomona, in Orkney, extending 9 miles in Eccond century, seemed to live chiefly in a length, and 2 in breadth, along the sound hunting state, and in a state of warfare with to v> hi h it gives its name. The soil is to- the surrounding powers. After this they lerably fertile, producing more barley and appear to have turned their attention to oats than is sufficient for the consumpt of the pastural life, as affording a less preca- the inhabitants. The shores of this parish rious subsistence; but till of late, neither are generally rocky, and about 50 tons of in the practice of husbandry, nor the ma- kelp are annually manufactured. P. S71. nagement of cattle, had they made great HOLME SOUND, a beautiful Frith in progress towards improvement. The lan- the Orkneys, lying opposite to the parish of guage of the Highlanders is still the Gaelic, Holme- which has been secured to them by their HOLOMIN, a small island of the Hebri- mountains and almost impenetrable fat- des, near Mull. nesses, amidst the many revolutions which HOLY ISLE, an islet on the S. E. coast have agitated the rest of the island and pro- of Arran, covering the harbour of Lamlash. duced the mixed and varied language of HOLYWOOD, a parish in the district of the low country. Their dress is different rfithsdale, Dumfries-shire. It occupies the from that of the other parts of the country, middle of a long and spacious valley, extend- bearing a great resemblance to that of the ing about 10 miles in length, and on an a- ancient Romans. The Highlanders are on- verage one and a half in breadth. It con- ly beginning to avail themselves of their tains 14 and a half square miles. The soil mines, their woods, their wool, and their is mostly arable and fertile ; and the few- iiiherk s ; and there is every reason to sup- eminences which are not under culture pose, that by continuing their exertions, produce excellent pasture. There are, in with due encouragement from government, the church-yard, vestiges of the old abbey the Highlands will soon become one of the of Eolywood, built in the 12th century. most valuable districts of the British isles. Population 850. HILTOWN, a village in Ross-shire, in HOPE, a river in the parish of Tongue, the parish of Fearn, It is situated on the in Sutherlandshire, which has its rise from Moray Frith, is a good fishing station, and Loch-in-Dailg. It runs a course of about Contains upwards of 100 inhabitants. 11 miles due N. when it enters Loch Hope, , a parish in the county of whence, after a course of 1 mile, it falls in Roxburgh, about 12 miles in length, and 3 to the sea, on the E. side of Loch Eribole. in breadth. It is watered by the river Rule, HORDA, one of the smaller Orkney is- on the banks of which the soil is a de-ep fer- lands, lying in the Pentland Frith, between tile clay, in some, parts mixed with small and Swinna. gravel. At a distance from, the river the HORSE, a" small island in the Frith of soil is thin and sandy, on a cold till bottom, Clyde, near the coast of Ayrshire. exceedingly barren. Here the surface is HORSESHOE, a safe and commodious exceedingly mountainous. The parish a- harbour in the island of , near Oban boundswith freestone, and contains three HODNA, a cape on the coast of Caith- excellent limestone quarries. Pop. 709. ness, 2 miles W. from Dungisbay-head. HODDAM, a parish in the district of An- HOUNAM, a parish in Roxburghshire, 9 nandale, Dumfries-shire. It contains 11 miles and a half in length, and 6 in breadth and a half square miles. Its extent is a- It borders on the S. with England, where bout 5 miles by 2 and a half. It is compos- the top of the Hounam fell is the march. ed of the united parishes of Hoddarn,Line, The surface is hilly and mountainous, but

and Ecclefechan. The surface consists of the pasture is excellent ; and this parish is high and low ground, and extensive holms noted for a particular breed of sheep, call- or meadows on the banks ofthe Annan, the ed the Kalewater breed. The Roman road Milk, and the Mein, which water the dis- from Borough-bridge ia Yorkshire, towards trict. Except a few acres ofmarshy ground, the Lothians, can be distinctly traced in thewhole is arable, and in a state of im- this parish for 5 miles. Population 573. provement. The banks of the Annan are HOUNSLOW, a small village in the pa- covered with a large wood of oak, ash, and rish of , Berwickshire, 50 miles birch trees. On the hill of Brunswark are Ifrom Edinburgh. vestiges of a Roman camp. Pop. 142S. HOURN (LOCH), an extensive arm of HUM 188 HUT

the sea, on the western coast of Inverness- ore ; and many places indicate the existence shire, extending 20 miles inland from the of coal. Population 837. sound of Sky. HUME, a village in the united parishes HOUSE, a small island in Shetland, u- of Stitchell and Hume, in the county ofBer- jiited by abridge to the island of Barra. It wick, 3 miles S. of Greenlaw, containing contains nearly ICO inhabitants. It is 3 about 180 inhabitants. miles long, and half a mile broad. HUNISH, or RU-HUNISH, the northern HOUSTON and KILLALLAN. These promontory ofthe isle of Sky. united parishes lie in the county of Ren- HUNTER'S BAY, a bay on the E. coast frew, and extend 6 miles in length, and 3 of Wigtonshire. in breadth. The surface is considerably HUNTLY, a parish in Aberdeenshire, a- broken with rocky eminences; the low boiit 9 miles in length, and 4 in breadth, ground is in general fertile, being partly formed by the annexation ofthe parishes of loam and partly clay. An extensive moss Dumbenan and Kinmore. The surface of many hundred acres, occupies the west- is exceedingly rough and rocky, containing, ern district. There is a neat village called however, many acres of fine arable land; New Houston, which contains about 300 and many of the hills and eminences are inhabitants. An extensive bleachfield is covered with plantations of firs, oak, elm, lately erected in the neighbourhood of the birch, &c. giving it a beautiful appearance. village. The mansion houses of Houston, It is watered by the Bogie and DeVeron. Barrochan, and , are in the parish. There is a limestone quarry, some of the There is abundance of limestone, and se- stones of which approach to the nature of veral quarries of excellent freestone. Be- marble, and take a very high polish. Popu- sides the old ca3tle of Houston, there are lation 2764. The TOWN of HUNTLY is many remains of antiquity, particularly se- 18 miles S. E. of Fochabers, and 123 from veral sepulchral monuments in an aisle ad- Edinburgh. The town is situated on a point joining the church. Population 3044. of land formed by the confluence ofthe Bo- HOUTON HOLM, a small pasture island gie with the Deveron. It is neatly built, of the Orkneys, about 2 miles S. of Pomona having two principal streets crossing each Island. other at right angles, andforming a spacious HOWAN SOUND, a strait ofthe Orkneys, square or market-place. The town has in- between the islands of Eglishay andRousay. creased much of late years. Near it, on the HOY, a considerable island of the Ork- banks ofthe Deveron, is the elegant resi- neys, lying S. ofthe mainland, and W. from denceof Huntly Lodge, the seat of theMar- S. Ronaldsay. It is about 6 or 10 miles quis of HUntly, and to the bridge of Deve- long, and in general is about 6 broad. Its ron, stand the remains of Huntly castle. surface is very hilly: the great employment HUTTON, a parish in Berwickshire, 4 ofthe inhabitants is the breeding and rear- miles in length. Its general appearance is ing of sheep. Population 282. level. It is bounded on the S. by the T weed, HOY and GRiEMSAY, a parish in Ork- and intersected by the Whittadder. There ney, comprehending the islands of Hoy and are two villages, Paxton and Hutton, which Grserosay. together contain about 500 inhabitants. HUMBIE, aparish in the county of Had- Population 1030. dington 9 miles in length by 4 in breadth. HUTTON and CORRIE, an united pa- The surface is uneven, but the high grounds rish in Dumfries-shire, and district ofAn- are well adapted for sheep pasture. The nandale, 12 miles long, and about 3 broad, low ground is generally cultivated with containing about 1 9,000 acres. It is water- great attention and ability. About 300 acres ed by the Milk, the Dryfe, and the Corrie are covered with plantations in a very thriv- rivers. The chief object of the farmer is ing condition. The parish is watered by se- sheep pasturage, and the raising of green veral rivulets. There is abundance of iron crops sufficient for the support oftheirflocks. Population 677. JAMES (ST.), a parish in Roxburghshire, form of a cross, 194 feet long without, and united to that of Kelso.

monastry became depopulated ; but, on the cathedral, also, are two elegant .crosses, de- retreat of the Danes, the building received dicated to St. John and St. Martin. Near a new order, the Cluniacs, who continued the cathedral is a cell, saidto be the burial there till the dissolution of monastic esta- place of St Columba. Boethius tells us, blishments, when the revenues were unit- that Fergus II., who assisted the Goths un- ed to the see of Argyle, and, on the aboli- der Alaric at the sacking of Rome, brought tion of episcopacy, it became the property away, as part ofthe plunder, a chest of

«f the duke. The Cathedral is built in tbe MSS. which he presented to this monastry ; ;

JED 1 JED and the archives of Scotland and valuable the purposes for which it wasbuilt, andfrom papers were kept here. Of these, many it its elevated situation, forms a grand object is said, were carried to the Scots college of in the approach to the town The town Douay in France, and the Scots College at hall, founded by the Marquis of Lothian in

Rome at the Reformation. Other ruins of 18 1 1 , is an elegant and spacious building. Monastic buildings and Druidical edifices It contains rooms for transacting the busi- can be traced ; and many places are point- ness of the Burgh and county, the Sheriff ed out, noted for particular acts of St. Co- and Justiciary Court Rooms, &c. The lumba. The population of this small is- English and Grammar Schools, under trie land, in 180S, was 586. The island is the patronage of the Magistrates and the Heri- property of the Duke of Argyle. « tors, are conducted upon the best principles, JED, a river in Roxburghshire. It takes and supplied with able teachers. There Its rise in Carterhill, on the borders of Eng- are also three public libraries. A dis- land, and running by the town of Jedburgh, pensary was here established in 'the falls into the Teviot, about 2 miles below. year 1810, which has been a great bene- JEDBURGH, a parish in Roxburghshire, fit to the town and county. Jedburgh, 13 miles long, and 6 or 7 broad, bounded like the other border towns, suffered by England on the S. The arable land, a temporary decline, in consequence reckoned nearly a fifth of the whole, lies on of the union of the two kingdbms in the banks of the Jed and Teviot. The the year 1707. Previous to this period, quarries afford abundance of excellent free- the town of Jedburgh, as well as all the stone. border towns, carried on an extensive con- JEDBURGH is a Royal Burgh, in the traband trade with England, by introduc- Parish of the same name, and the County ing various articles, such as malt, skin9, town of Roxburghshire. Itis 45 miles S. of and salt, which at that time, paid no duty Edinburgh, 11 W. of Kelso, 10 E. of Haw- or tax in Scotland, and were therefore ad- ick, and 12 N. of the English Border. The vantageously exchanged for English wool, local situation of Jedburgh is delightful which they exported from the Firth ofForth it is situated on the banks of the river Jed, to France, and the returns from thence from whence its name, on the declivity of yielded a very great profit. The loss ofthis a Hill, and surrounded on all sides, by hills source of gain, was followed by the depo- of a considerable elevation. It is a very pulation and consequent decay of the place

ancient Burgh, and was a place of some to a considerable extent ; and it is only of importance, in the year 1165, as appears late years, by the introduction of a few ma-

from a charter of William the Lyon, grant-1 nufactures, particularly those of woollen, ed upon founding the Abbey of Jedburgh, that the town has revived. At present, or Jedwarth, as it is there sometimes called; the manufacture of Narrow Cloths, Car- It has the honour of Parochial precedency, pets, Flannels, Blankets, and Stockings, being the oldest Parish in Scotland, of are carried on to a considerable amount, which any historical record has been trans-' and are upon the increase. The tanning mitted to posterity. Jedburgh continued of leather, and the dressing of sheep skins, to be a place of considerable importance, are also considerable branches of trade. and early in the seventeenth century, was But the want of coal, is ah insuperable ob- one of the principal towns on the English stacle to the extensive introduction, and Border. There are four principal Streets in progressive advance of manufactures In the Jedburgh, which cross each other, at right town and neighbourhood of Jedburgh. angles, terminating in a large square or There are several large peat-mosses in the

Market-place ; the High Street runs paral- neighbourhood, which supply the inhabi- lel to the river, and that from the Castle tants with fuel, who are unable to pur- Hill to the New Bridge, is broad, well pav- chase coal, an article that sells here at a ed, and clean. Within these few years, higher price, than in any other place in many new houses, in a fine style have been Scotland. Besides the Parish Church, there built, and many other improvements made, are three places for divine worship, belong- which have added greatly to the beauty ing to dissenting congregations, viz. two to of the town. The comity gaol and Bride- the United Secession, and a Relief chapel. well, built about 5 years since, is a fine A branch ofthe British Linen Company's building, it stands upon the site of the old Bank wascstablished here in the year 1791, Castle, and is called Jedburgh Castle. The and from that period, may be dated the ra- arrangements and acoommodationa of the pid enlargement of the town, and the in- interior of the building, are well suited to crease of manufactures, A bank for the J_£ D 1

savings of the poor, was established in 1S16, with, or alter the oriainal Gothic, a strong under the management of a committee, proof of the good taste of the projectors of -which has heen eminently successful, and thispraise-worthy undertaking. For a num- done much good to the lower classes, by in- ber of years past, the lofty pile of quadran- ducing habits of industry and economy, by gular building, or tower, had been observ- furnishing the means of securing and ac- ed to discover ?yraptons of serious decay, cumulating their small savings, upon a which if not checked, might one day prove ^principle heretofore unknown. Jedburgh fatal to the whole structure. To provide • is governed by a provost, four Bailies, and against this, the gaps have been filled up, a dean of Guild, and a treasurer, assisted by and huge iron bars, have been employed to a select council ofthe principal citizens, and unite more firmly the opposite sides of along with Lauder, North Berwick, Had- the quadrangle, and "to impart a greater dington, and Dunbar, returns a Member to degree of strength to the whole fabric. The parliament. Jedburgh is the seat of a pres- ancient narrow stair, which reached from bytery; and the courts of the southern cir- the bottom to the top of the tower, but cuit of the Lord3 of Justiciary, and the which from its decay in some parts, render- Lords Commissioners of the Jury court, are ed the ascent rather perilous, has been re- held here. Tie southern circuit, includes paired, so that now, the visitor has it in tua the counties ofRoxburgh, Berwick, Selkirk, power to enjoy from a great elevation, a and Peebles, and are held in the months of most interesting view, as the country a- April and September. The Sheriii court lound abounds srith rich andromantic scen- is held here once a fortnight, the Justice of ery. The ancient chapel, where theservice Peace eourt, for the Jedburgh district, is of the catholic church was wont to be per- held on the first T uesday of every month, formed, and which was appropriated to the and the Magistrates hold a court every Sa- interment of the more remote ancestors of turday. The general Quarter Sessions of the Marquis of Lothian, has been covered the Peace are also held here. The river in. The effect of the whole repairs is such, Jed takes its rise on the Carter Fell, and as fully realizes the expectations of the ori- runs along the south-east side of the town; ginal projectors, and to compensate for the there are seven bridges upon this river, labour and expense which has been bestow- within a mile ofthe town of Jedburgh. The ed upon this venerable pile. There was town is abundantly supplied with excellent also a convent of Franciscans in this town, water, coveyed to it by leaden pipes. The founded by the citizens in 15 13. but besides neighbourhood of the town, is noted for its their houses, they had no revenues, being fine Orchards. Theold Castle of Jedburgh, mendicants. The market-day is Tuesday, situated on an eminence at the town head, and there are four annual fairs, namely, the (now occupied by the.new Gaol), was a place n rst T uesday after Vf hitsunday, the second of great strength and consequence in an- Tuesday in August, O. S. on the 25th of cient times, it was retaken from the Eng- September, and the first Tuesday in No- lish in 1409, by the Duke of Albany, who vember, O. S. There are also two public demolished it ; the keys ofthis castle., were hiring markets, on the Tuesday immediate- lately found, in digging near to the spot on ly before the 26th day of May, and the 22d which it stood. The abbey of Jedbur_rh, day of November. Population of the town founded by David I. for canon regulars, is and parish 4454. situated on the banks of the Jed, on the S. IFFERT, a small island on the W, coast side of the town, and has been a large and ofLewis. magnificent fabric, in form of a cross. Part ILA, or ISLAY, one of the Hebrides, ly- of the west end is fitted up for the pa- ing to the S. W. of Jura, and belonging to rish church, which has a fine circular win- the county of Argyle. It is 51 miles long, dow in the gable. Itruni from east to west, from N. to S., and 21 broad from E. to W. and appears to have been originally three containing about 154,000 acres, of which stories high, in the first and second stories 22,000 are arable. On the E. side the sur- there are nine arches in each. The west face is hilly, but the greater part of the is- end from the steeple, and the south front land is flat, and, where uncultivated, co- are the most entire part of the ruins, the vered with a tine green sward. The coast steeple is also nearly entire, and about 1 20 is rugged and rocky, but indented by nu- feet high. To preserve, as far as possible, merous bays and harbours, and at Lochin- this venerable fabric from total ruin, a sub- dall is a harbour for ships of considerable scription was set on foot, to repair the ab- burden, with a quay at the village of Bow- bey in such a manner as not to interfere more. There are several lakes; and the INC 1 INC island is well watered by numerous streams, bout 5000 sheep, are reared. There are a- which abound with trout and salmon. In bout 15 or 1 6 fresh water lakes, with a small the centre of the island is Loch Finlagan, island in each, one of which is about 600 about 3 miles in circuit, with the islet of yards in circumference- and vestiges of a the same name in the middle. The island religious edifice are still ^maining upon it. was formerly divided into four parishes, viz. The village of Cairn i3 finely situated for Kilchoman, Kildalton, Kilarrow, and Kil- trade, on the E. of , and has an

meny ; but the two last are now united. In excellent harbour. The ruins of Castle Islay agricultural improvements have pro- Kennedy show it to have been a strong and ceeded with rapidity within these 30 years, massy building. Population 1831. a great many roads made, and bridges built, INCH-BRAYOCK, or INCH-BROYOCK, and a new system of husbandry adGpted. a small island, at the mouth of the South It now produces good crops of barley, oats, Esk, in Forfarshire. It contains about 34 pease, flax, and some wheat ; and excellent acres, and has lately been of importance crops of potatoes are here raised, great quan- from its two bridges on the turnpike-road, tities of which are exported. Formerly, which passes across this isle. One bridge during winter, the cattle were almost starv- of stone communicates with the parish of ed; now hay is produced in great abun- Craig; and another of wood, with a draw- dance, and turnips and other green crops bridge, connects the island with Montrose. cultivated to a considerable extent, suffi- Streets have been formed, on which some cient to support their stock in winter. houses have been built. Coarse yarn, to the value of L. 5000, is an- INCH-CAILLOCH, " the island of old nually exported. About 200 tons of kelp women," an island of Loch Lomond, in are made annually. The island exports Stirlingshire. It is about a mile in length, from '250 to 500 horses of different descrip- elevated and covered with trees. It is the tions annually. But the great staple arti- property of the Duke of Montrose, is inha- cle of exportation is black cattle, of which bited, and produces good wheat and oats. nearly 3000 head are sold yearly. The cli- INCH-CLEAR, a small island of Loeh mate is moist, and agues are pretty fre- Lomond, entirely covered with wood. quent. The Gaelic is the general language INCH-COLM, a small island in the Frith of the common people, yet English is well of Forth, in the parish of Dalgety, about 2 understood. The Highland dress is very miles from the village of Aberdour. On It little worn. Islay abounds with mines of are the remains of a famous monastry of lead and copper, which are very rich, and Augustines, founded in 1123 by Alexan- have been long wrought. There are also der I. vast quantities ofthat ore ofiron called bog- INCH-CRUIN, a small island of Loch ore, of the concrete kind, and below it large Lomond. strata of vitriolic mundic. Near the veins INCH-FAD, a small inhabited island in of lead are found specimens of barytes and Loch Lomond, about half a mile in length, excellent emery. A small quantity ofquick- and very fertile. silver has been found in the moors. Lime- INCH-GALBRAITH, an island in Loch stone and marl are abundant. Islay be- Lomond. longs to Campbell of . P. 1 1,500. INCH-GARVIE, a small island in the ILA SOUND, the narrow channel be- Frith of Forth, nearly in the middle of the twixt Ha and Jura, the navigation ofwhich passage over the Forth at Queensferry. is very dangerous. INCH-GRANGE, an island in Loch Lo- ILERAY, one of the Hebrides, about 3 mond, half a mile in length, covered with miles long, and 1 and a half broad, lying to oak-wood. the westward of the island of North Uist. INCH-INNAN,aparish in Renfrewshire, INCH, a parish in Inverness-shire. (See about 3 miles long, and 1 and a half broad. .) The soil is in general fertile, and particu- lNCII,aparishinthe county of Wigton, larly excellent on the banks of the Cart, occupying a great part of the isthmus form- Gryfe, and Clyde. Although the surface is ed by the bays of Luce and Ryan. The generally level, yet the ground rises into

southern part is flat and sandy ; but, to- several beautiful eminences, which are wards the E. and N. E. there is a beautiful arable to the top. The parish contains a- range of hills. Except the sandy plain to bout 2400 acres, of which not more than the 8., the soil is a good loam. The pas- 200 are uncultivated, and 100 of these are lure lands are of considerable extent; up- planted with firs. North Barr is a fine wards of 2500 head of black cattle, and a- old building. The road from Glasgow to I N C t INN ____ Greenock passes through the parish. Po- several freestone quarries. Population 754. pulation 641. , a small village in Perthshire, INCH-KEITH, a small rocky island in in the parish of St Madois, situated on the the Frith of Forth, halfway betwixt Leith Tay, about 8 miles below Perth. It has a and Kirkcaldy. It derives its name from good harbour. the gallant Keith, who, in 1010, so greatly INHALLOW, a small bat pleasant is- signalized himself at the battle of Barrie, land in Orkney, about 3 and a half miles in Angus, against the Danes; after which from Kirkwall. he received the barony of Keith, in East- INIS-CONNEL, an island in Loch Aw, Lothian, and this little i9le. There is a in Argyleshire, on which are the majestic spring of fine water on the top of the 'rock. ruins of an ancient castle. " In ancient times it was used asa'p' ace or INIS-FRAOCH, or FRAOCHELAIN, a banishment. On Inch-keith there is a small but beautiful island in Loch Aw, Ar- light-house, for the security of vessels sail- gyleshire, on which are the ruins of a cas- ing up the Frith of Forth. tle, granted, along with the island, in 12G7, INCHKENNETH, a small island of the by Alexander III. to the chief of the clan Hebrides, between Mull and I-colm-kill. of Macnaughton. INCH-LOANIG, an island of Loch Lo- INIS-HAIL, a beautiful picturesque is- mond, noted for its great number of yew land in Loch Aw, Argyleshire. trees. INIS ERAITH, a small island in Loch INCH-MARNOCH, a beautiful little is- Aw, in Argyleshire. land in the Frith of Clyde, a few miles S. INNERKIP, a parish in Renfrewshire, W. ofthe . It is about a mile extending along the Clyde 7 miles from E. long. to W. and about 6 in breadth. From the INCH-MICKERY, an islet in the Frith shore towards the S. E. is a gradual and ir- of Forth, near Cramond, noted for oyster regular ascent, beautifully varied. On the beds near it. S. E. the parish is surrounded by lofty INCH-MOAN, a small island of Loch mountains, covered with heath; on the N. Lomond, which is almost entirely peat and W. the Frith of Clyde exhibit a delight- moss. ful scene, which is terminated by the tow- INCH-MURIN, or INCH-MARIN, the ering summits of Beinn-barran and Goat- largest and most southerly island in Loch field, in the . The arable Lomond. It is about two miles long, and laud, which is less than one half of the sur- one broad, finely wooded, and affording ex- face, is generally inclosed, and well culti- cellent pasture. vated. Besides the Kirktown of Innerkip, INCH-TAVANACH, an island in Loch there are two villages, Daff and Gourock, Lomond, It is about three quarters of a each of which contains nearly 400 inhabi- mile long, and half a mile broad, contain- tants. Ardgowan, an elegant mansion, is ing 150 acres, chiefly covered with wood delightfully situated on the shore. Popu- and heath, the latter growing to a great lation 1632.—The VILLAGE of INNER- size. KIP lies 6 miles W. of Greenock. It is a INCH-TORR, or TORREMACH, a small place of considerable resort for sea-bath- island in Loch Lomond. ing. INCH-TURE,a parish in the Carse of , a parish mostly in Gowrie.in Perthshire, united to the parish Peebles-shire, but,a small part is in Selkirk- of Rossie. It is 3 miles broad along the shire. It is situated on the N. bank of banks of the Tay, and 4 miles from S. to N. the Tweed, and watered by the Leithen. and contains about 3000 acres, the soil of It contains 22,270 Scots acres. The appear- which is exceedingly rich and well improv- ance of the country is broken, rugged, and ed. The VILLAGE of Inchture is situated precipitous, rising abruptly from the brink on the turnpike road from Perth to Dun- of the two rivers lo the height of 1000 feet. dee, from the former of which it is 9 miles The arable soil is not more than 1000 acres. distant, and 13 from the latter. It con- The craggy sides of the glens, and the bro- tains nearly 400 inhabitants. There are ken rugged surface, are better calculated five other villages. Balindean, the seat of for sheep farming. There are generally a- Sir John Wedderbum, is delightfully situ- bout 90 horse, 200 head ofblack cattle, and ated at the foot ofthe rising ground, which 15,000 sheep in the parish—The VILLAGE bounds the Carse of Gowrie on the N. of INNERLEITHEN is pleasantly situated Moncur, the ruins of an ancient castle, ad- near the mouth of the Leithen. A wool- joins to Lord Kinnaud's park. There are len manufacture is carried on. The castle I N V 1 I N V |

of Itorsburgh is an. ancient building, on tho Duah, from the darkness of its bottom. In banks of tho Tweed. There is a sulphure- high tides, the sea flows as high as this lake. ous mineral spring, .similar to Harrowgate, Not far from the town is the castle of Inve- muchresortcd to in the summer season. rarv, the principal seat of the Duke of Ar- There are the ruins of fortified toweri at gyle. The plantations.in the parish are ex- the mouth of every defile, and, on a rising tensive, and finely laid out. Population of ground near the village, are ve9tiges of a, the town and parish 1113.- -The TOWN of strong encampment. Population G77. INVERARY is the county town, GO miles INNERPEFFRAY, or INCH-HAFFE- W. of Glasgow,. It is situated on a small RA.Y, an ancient abbey in Perthshire, m bay at the head of Loch Fyne, where the the parish of , on the banks of the river Aray falls into the sea. It is a small, Erne. town, consisting chiefly of one row of hous- INNERWELL,a sea-port village in Wig- es facing the lake, built with great unifor- tonshire. mity. It was erected into a royal burgh by

INNERWICK, a parish in Haddington- a charter from Charles I. dated" I G40. It is. shire, lying on the sea-coast, eastward from governed by a provost, 2 bailies, and a coun- Dunbar, about 12 miles long, and from 2 to cil nominated by the duke, and joins with 6 broad. The coast is rocky, but the face Ayr, Irvine, Rothesay, and Campbelltown of the country is in general level, and the in sending a member to parliament. Its soil fertile. On the borders, however, far- revenue is only about L.50 per annum. The. ther removed from the sea, the land rises chief support of the place is the herring fish- into considerable eminences, which are in ery. Its harbour was anciently called Sloehk

part covered with heath. The greater part Ichopper ; and the arms of the town repre- is well inclosed, and sheltered. A great sent a net with a herring. In 1754, a com- quantity of sea- ware is thrown ashore, which pany from erected a furnace is used for manure, and about 20 tons of kelp not farfromthe town, for smelting iron pre are annually prepared. There are tire re- by means of wood charcoal, but this estab-

mains of a chapel near the coast ; and seve- lishment has been lately broken up. ral military encampments and tumuli are INVERARIT Y, a parish in the county met with in this quarter. Limestone and of Forfar, 5 miles square. The surface is freestone are abundant. Population 899. uneven, and a great part of the soil moory or INCH, a parish in the district and unimprovable. The principal manure of Garioch, in Aberdeenshire. It is 5 miles employed is marl. Population S65. long by 5 broad, containing nearly 7500 INVERAVEN, a parish on the banks of Scots acres, of which only one-third is under the Aven, near the confluence of that river cultivation. The town of Insch, which is with the Spey. It is situated partly in El- situated near tho chureh, is a burgh of ba- ginshire, but the greater part is in the coun- rony. It lies 20 miles from Aberdeen, be- ty of Banff. It is 14 miles long, and 9

tween which and Insch a canal has lately broad ; besides the Aven and Spey, it is wa- been cut. Population 918. tered by the Livet. The surface is irregu- INVER (LOCH), a small arm of the sea, lar, but not mountainous. The district of on the W. N. W. coast of Sutherlandshire. Glenlivet is remarkably fertile. The sides INVER, a village in Perthshire, in the of the rivers abound with copses of birch parish of Little Dunkeld, situated at the and alder; and on the banks of the Spey confluence ofthe Bran with the Tay. there is a considerable extent of oak

INVERARY , a parish in Argyleshire, ex- wood. Ballendalloch, tha seat of General tending about IS miles in length, and on Grant, is an elegant house. There are 3 an average 5 in breadth. Its appearance Druidical temples. Population 2260. is hilly, though interspersed with several INVERBERVIE. (See Bervie.) tracts of flat ground, particularly about the , a parish in the die. town, and the vale of Glenshira, which is trict of Cowal, Argyleshire, intersected for nearly 5 miles in length. The whole of 8 miles by Streven, an arm of the sea, and the flat ground is arable. The most im- watered by a small rivulet, which joins the proved system of agriculture is followed on lake at this place. The surface is for tha many farms, particularly those ofthe duke. most part rugged. In some places there are

The parish lies along the coast of Loch small flat fields nigh the shore ; but, for the Fyne, and is watered by the rivers Aray and most part, the ascent from the sea is imme-

Shira, which fall into that arm of the sea diate ; and about half a mile inland, the

near the town ; the latter, in its course, soil is only adapted for pasturage. All the forms an expanse of water, called Loch mountains formerly were covered with I N V 14 I N V heath, hut many of them are now clothed es near the church, on the turnpike road with a rich sward of grass, since the intro- betwixt Arbroath and Montrose. duction of sheep. The small island of Eal- INVERKEITHING, a parish in Fife- langheirrig is in this parish. Population shire, about 5 miles W. and 3 miles and a 5.02. half N. from the town. The surface, ex- INVERESK, a parish in Mid-Lothian. cept the hills at the north Ferry, is either j It is situated on a bay of the Frith of Forth, flat, or gently rising grounds; the greater

where the Esk falls into the sea. It con- part is strong, rich, clay soil , yielding plen- tains 2571 acres. On the banks ofthe river tiful crops, and a great part of the Ferry-

the soil is naturally fertile ; towards the S. hills is arable, and produces good crops. E. and S. W. the soil is more of a clayey na- Towards the northern extremity the soil is ture, Capable of raising great crops, espe- cold and moory. In this parish are the

cially of wheat : the low part of it is cnlv harbours of North Ferry and Brucehaven; a few feet above the level of the sea; be- at the former is a village containing 300 tween which, and the towns of Musselburgh inhabitants. Popu. 2400.—The BURGH and Fisherrow, lies the plain called Mussel of INVERKEITHING lies 2 miles N. of burgh Links. Behind, there Is a rising the North Ferry. It is pleasantly situated ground, which begins at the western extre- npon a rising ground, on the N. coast of the mity of the parish, and extends in a swel- Frith of Forth. It consists of one street, of ling course to the hill of Inveresk, on which considerable length, with bye-lanes crossing is situated the village. The hill on which it at right angles. The houses have an an- the village is situated is nearly surrounded cient appearance, and almost every one has

by the Esk ; and the sloping gardens, be- a piece of garden ground belonging to it. longing to the inhabitants, approach to the There is a neat town-house, built in 1770, brink of the river. There is plenty of free- containing a prison, rooms for the town stone, and likewise of limestone; but the clerk and bailie-courts and for public meet- most valuable mineral is coal, which has ings and entertainments. It is a very old been wrought in many places. Pop. 6393. burgh, having received its first charter from , a village in Ross-shire, William the Lion. It is governed by a pro- in the parish of Rosskeen, situated on the vost, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, and trea- N. side of the Frith of Cromarty, over surer, annually elected by the councillors •which there is a regular ferry to the town of and deacons of the trades. The number Cromarty. of councillors is so unlimited, that the whole INVERGOWRIE, a village in the parish burgess inhabitants might be made council

ofLiff, Carseof Gowrie, en the banks of the lors ; and, what is more singular, they con- Tay, 20 miles E. of Perth, and 2 W. of Dun- tinue in office during life and residence. dee. It is noted for having been the first It joins with Dunfermline, Culross, Queens- place of Christian worship in Scotland N. ferry, and Stirling, in sending a member to

of the Tay ; a church having been founded parliament. Before the entrance of the here in the 7th century, by Boniface, a leg- harbour is the bay of Inverkeithing, afford- ate from Rome. ing safe anchorage to vessels of any burden INVF.RKEILOR, a parish in Angus- in all winds. The exportation ofcoal is the shire, of an oblong figure, extending about chiefemployment of the vessels. There are 6 miles from E. to W. and about 2 miles also several salt pans. and a half in breadth. Almost the whole INVERKE1THNY, a parish in Banff-

surface is arable, and the soil, which varies I shire, situated on the S. bank of the ri-

from clay to sand or gravel loam, is in ge- I ver Deveron. It is from 5 to 6 miles in neral fertile. It is divided in nearly its length, and from 4 to 5 broad. Popu. 533. whole length by the river Lunan, and wa- INVERKIRKAG, a river of Sutherland- tered by a small stream called Keilor, which shire, which runs into Loch Inver. falls into the sea about a mile and a half INVERLOCHY, an ancient town in the from the church. The sea coast towards parish of Kilmanivaig, Inverness-shire. It the E. is flat and sandy, being part of that is called by the old Scottish writers the em- bay into which the Lunan discharges it- porium of the W. of Scotland. The castle

self, and to which it gives its name ; but of Inverlochy is adorned with large towers, towards the W. the shore rises to a bold which, by the mode of building, seem like rocky promontory, 250 feet perpendicular, the structures raised by the English in the called the Red Head. There a is fishing reign of Edward I. village called Ethiehaven.at the mouth of INVERNESS-SHIRE, is bounded on the Keilor, and a considerable number of hous- N. by Ross-shire, and part ofthe Moray T I N V 1 I N V

Frith; on the E. by the shires of Elgin, trict. In the district of Glenroy, or King's

Moray, and Aberdeen : on the S. by Perth Vale, are seen the famous parallel roads,,

and Arglye ; and on the W. by the Atlantic called by the common people Fingallian Ocean. A small insulated district between roads, and attributed to that hero. Lime- thsshires of Banff" and Moray is annexed to stone is found in every district of the coun-

if ; wifch several ofthe Hebrides. It compre- ty, in many places approaching to the na- hends the districts of Badenoch, Lochaber, ture of marble. Most of the mountains and Glenelg; with several smaller districts are composed of a reddish granite, which, or glens. The islands annexed to it are according to Williams, is the most beauti- Harris, North and South Uist, Benbecula, ful of any in the w orld. Veins of silver, and Sky, Barra, Eigg, and the smaller islets lead and iron ore, have been found, but not which are situated on its coasts. It is sub- in sufficient quantity to render these an ob- divided into 31 parochial districts. The ject of manufacture. Inverness-shire con- mainland, excluding the isles, extends in tained, in 1811, 78,356 inhabitants, includ- length from the point of Arisaig on the W. ing its islands. to the point of Ardersier on the E. where INVERNESS, aparish in the above coun- Fort George inbuilt, about 92 miles, and its ty, is 8 miles in length, and 6 in breadth. greatest breadth is nearly 50 miles. Ben- The general appearance is varied, part be- nevis, the highest mountain in Britain, is ing flat, and part hilly, rocky, and moun-

4370 feet above the level of the sea ; and tainous. It is unequally divided into two many other mountains approach nearly to parts by the lake and river Ness. Nearthe that elevation. The county is every where town, on the W. side, is " the hill of Fai- intersected by numerous rapid currents, ries," a beautiful insulated hill, covered which, uniting, form several large rivers. with trees. Culloden-moor, so fatal to the The most noted ofthese are the Spey, Ness, hopes of the Stuart family, lies a few miles L'ochy, Garry, Glass, &c. The small ri- S. E. of Inverness. Population of the town ver of Foyers, noted for its tremendous and parish 10,757—The BURGH of IN- cataract, is also in this county. The wes- VERNESS, the county town, lies 61 miles tern shore, particularly of the districts of and a half N. E. of Fort William, and 156 , Arisaig, Morror, and , N. of Edinburgh,. It is situated on both are indented with numerous bays, creek3, sides of the river Ness, where it discharges and arms of the sea, w hich might be render- its waters into the Moray Frith. It is a ed excellent fishing stations. The fir woods large and well-built town, having many ofGlenmore and Strathspey, are supposed elegant houses. On the High-street, near- to be far more extensive than all the other ly in the centre of the town, stands the

natural woods in Scotland together. - Of court-house, connected with the tolbooth, late, considerable attention has been paid a handsome modern building. The Aca-

to agriculture ; and-great numbers of black demy is also a spacious and elegant building. cattle, and sheep, and goats, are reared. There is a fine stone bridge of seven arches

The mountains and forests are inhabited over the Ness ; also a timber bridge, uniting

by immense herds of red and roe deer ; the the two sides of the town, of which the S. alpine and common hare, and other game, is by far the most populous and extensive. are also abundant. This county contains It is a royal burgh of great antiquity, hav- only one royal burgh, Inverness, and sever- ing received its first charter from Malcolm al small villages. The Gaelic is the language Canmore. It is governed by a provost, 4

of the people in the northern , western , and bailies, a dean ofguild, and treasurer, as-

southern borders ; but, in the neighbour- sisted by 14 other councillors, composing a hood of Inverness, the better class use the town-council of 21. The old council an- English. When the feudal stystem existed nually elect a new, and the new council in the Highlands, it was necessary to erect immediately elect their office-bearers out some military stations to keep the Highlan- of the number. There are four incorporat- ders in subjection. Accordingly Fort ed trades, two of whose deacons and con- George, Fort Augustus, and Fort William, vener are members of the council. It is were erected. By the spirited exertions of now almost wholly rebuilt, and its limits are the gentlemen of this populous county, yearly extending on every side. The prin- commerce and industry have of late been cipal manufacturesarc hemp and flax. The greatly increased; to facilitate the commu- harbour is safe and commodious, allowing nication with the most remote parts, roads vessels of 200 tons to unload at the quay; and bridges are now formed under the di- and about a quarter of a mile below, a small rection of government, through every dis- harbour^ capable of receiving larger vessels, has just been finished. Vessels of 500 tons CHAN, a considerable village in the parish can ride at safety in the frith, within a mile of Dairy, in the stewartry of Kirkcudbright, of the town. The ships which belong to 21 miles N. W. of Kirkcudbright, it is the Inverness arc employed chiefly in carrying property of the Earl of Galloway. It contains to London the produce of the salmon fish- about 500 inhabitants.

ery of the Ness, and the skins of otters, roes, JOHN'S-HAVEN, a sea-port town irt the &c. caught in that neighbourhood. A great parish of Benholme, in Kincardineshire, a- increase of trade maybe expected to accrue bout 9 miles N. by E.from Montrose. P. 839. from the Caledonian canal, which is now JOHNSTON, aparish in Annandale, a- finished, at the expense or about L.S00,000. bout 4 miles in length, and 3 in breadth, There are two weekly newspapers published containing 20 and a quarter square miles, here, which have been productive of the watered on the E. by the . The highest advantage. western district is hilly, and chiefly appro- INVERNF.THIE, a small harbour in A- priated to the paslurage of sheep and black berdeenshire, near Peterhead. cattle. Population 904. INVERNOCHTIE. See . JOHNSTOWN, a neat manufacturing INVERSNAID, a fort in the parish of village in R.enfrewshire, about 4 miles W. Buchannan, in Stirlingshire. 2 miles E. of of Paisley. It was begun tobefeued in 1782, Loch Lomond, where barracks were erect- when it contained 10 persons; in 1801, ed about the beginning of the 17th century, 2301; and in 1811,3647. Cotton-spinning to repress the depredations of freebooters. is the only business carried on here. A detachment from Dunbarton Castle still IRVINE, a parish in Ayrshire, about 5 mounts guard here. miles in length along the river of the same INVERUGIE, a small village in the pa- name. Its greatest breadth is not more rish of , Aberdeenshire, seated on than 2 miles. On the coast ana the banks the Ugie, where that river discharges itself of the river, the surface is flat and sandy; into the oce"an. about the town the soil is a light loam, in INVERURY, aparish in Aberdeenshire, some places mixed with gravel, both of extending W. from the confluence of the which soils are abundantly fertile. Towards rivers Don and Ury. The land near the ri- the N. E. extremity the situation is more vers is generally very early, producing ex- elevated. Besides the Irvine, it is watered cellent crops in light showery summers. by the Annock and Gamock. Population From this ground it rises gradually to the ofthe town andparish 5750. -The BURGH skirts of the mountain of Benochie. Popu- of IRVINE is a sea-port town in the bai- lation 907.—The BURGH of INVERURY liery of Cunningham, and county of Ayr, is seated on the point of land formed by 12 miles N. of Ayr. It stands on a rising the confluence of the Don and Ury, 15 miles ground on the N. side of the Irvine, the N. W. of Aberdeen. Itis a small town. By asstuary of which forms the harbour.— The the spirited exertions of the Earl of Kintore situation is dry and well aired, having a and provost Thom, a bridge upon the Don broad street running from the S. E. to N. was finished in 1791, at the expense of W. the whole length of the town. On the L.2000. A fine bridge over the Ury was S. side of the river, but connected to the lately built. These improvements, with town by a bridge, there is a row ofhouses on the canal from this place to Aberdeen, have each side of the road leading to the har- given an impulse to industry. Tradition bour, on an uniform plan, chiefly inhabit- reports that it was erected into a royal burgh ed by seafaring people. None of these sub- by King Robert Bruce. The oldest charter urbs are within the royalty, but are locally is a novodamus by Queen Mary. It is go- situated in the parish of Dundonald. The verned by a provost, 3 bailies, a dean of church is an ornament to the place, being guild, a treasurer, and 13 councillors. It situated on a rising ground betwixt the joins with Kintcre, Cullen, Banff, and El- town and the river, and surmounted by an gin, in sending a member to parliament. elegant spire. And at the N. end of the Inverury gives second title of baron to the town a fine new academy has been lately Earl of Kintore. finished. The town-house stands in the JOCK'S LODGE, or PIERSHILL, about middle of the street. It is governed by a a mile S. E.from Edinburgh, where cavalry provost, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, a trea- barracks were some years ago erected in a surer, and 12 councillors, and joins with most elegant style, sufficient to accommo- Ayr, Campbelltown, Inverary, and Rothe- date a regiment say, in sending a member to parliament. JOHN'S (ST), or ST JOHN'S CLAU- They have an ample revenue arising from j u a US J U R the customs, and from a large tract of land seven broad. It is the most rugged of the which rents at L.500 per annum. The har- Western Isles, being composed chiefly of bour is commodious, with 10 or 12 feet wa- huge rocks, irregularly piled on one ano- ter on the bar at spring tides. A number ther. The chiefof these mountains extends of brigs are employed in the coal trade. in the form of a ridge from S. to N. nearly The imports are iron, hemp, flax, wood, and in the middle of the island. They are four grain. Population 4500. in number, which are termed the Paps of IRVINE, a river in Ayrshire, which takes Jura, and are conspicuous at a great dis-

its rise in the E. side of Loudonhill, in the tance. The southern one is named • \ Beimi parish of Loudon, and falls into the Frith achaolis; the next and highest, Beinn-an- of Clyde, at the town of Irvine. This river oir; the third, Beinn-sheunta; and that to forms the boundary betwixt the bailiwicks the north, Corra-bhein. Beinn-an-oir is of Cunningham and Kyle. composed of large stones, covered with

ISAY, a smallisland of the Hebrides, in mosses near the base ; but all above is bare West Loch Tarbert. and unconnected. From the W. side of ISHOL, a smallisland of Argyleshire, in the hill runs a narrow stripe of rock into Loch Linnhe. the sea, called the slide of the old hag. ISHOL, an island on the south-west coast Jura itself displays a stupendous front of of Hay. rock, varied with innumerable little lakes, ISLA, or ILA, a river in Forfarshire, of the most romantic appearance, and cal- which rises in the Grampian mountains, culated to raise grand and sublime emo- several miles northward of Mount Blair. tions in the mind ofthe spectator. To the Washing the foot of that hill, it turns east- S. the island of Hay lies almost under his

ward, traverses the long narrow vale of feet, and beyond that the N. of Ireland ; to Glenisla, below which it forms a cascade, the E. Gigha, Kintyre, Arran, and the Frith 70 or SO feet perpendicular, called the of Clyde, bounded by Ayrshire, and an Reeky Linn. After passing the linn, it amazingtrack of mountains as far as Ben- forms a deep pool of water, called Corral. lomond. Over the Western Ocean are seen It then divides into two branches, which, Colonsay, Oransay, Mull, , Staffa, and

uniting again, form a pleasant island, called the neighbouring isles ; and, still further, the Stanner Island. It afterwards proceeds the long extended islands of Coll and Tyrie. westward through the valley of Strathmore, Beinn-an-bir is elevated 2420 feet above receiving the Dean at Glammis castle, the level of the sea. All the inhabitants Mclgam at Airly castle, and Ericht near live on the E. side. The only crops are Cupar. By these rivers its size is consider- oats, barley, potatoes and flax; the chief ably increased, and, now flowing with a manure is the sea-weedwhich is cast ashore. smooth and gentle course, it falls into the There are two fine harbours on the E. coast Tay at Kinclaven. In rainy seasons it of the island; there are also some anchor- proves very prejudicial to theadjacent fields, ing places on the W. coast. At the N. end and sometimes sweeps away whole harvests. of Jura are situated three inhabited islands, Near its junction with the Tay, it possesses viz Scarba, Lunga, and 3alnahuaigh. Be- several valuable salmon-fishings. tween Scarba and Jura is that famous gulph ISLA, the name of a river in Banffshire, called Coryvreckan. There is only one which takes its rise on the borders of In- small village, called Jura, on the E. coast verness-shire, and empties itself into the of the island. There is a great abundance Deveron, after a short and rapid course of of iron ore, and a vein of the black oxide about 12 miles. of manganese. On the shores of tbeW. , a fishing station in Loch coast there are found great quantities of a Broom, on the W. coast of Ross-shire, with fine kind of sand, which is carried away for a custom-house. It lies 5 miles N. of Ul- the manufacture ofglass. TheGnelicisthe lapool. only language spoken in the island. Popu- ISLE TANERA, a fishing station and lation 1157. village in Ross-shire, 3 miles N. of Isle of JURA and COLONSAY, a parish of Ar- Martin. gyleshire, composed of nine islands, of ISLE of WHITHORN, a good harbour which Jura is the largest. The islands of and village in Wigtonshire, near the royal Colonsay and Oransay, of Scarba, Lunga, burgh of Whithorn. P. 390. Balnahuaigh, with three small uninhabi- JURA, one of the Hebrides, lying oppo- ted isles on the N. of Jura, form the rest site to the district of Knapdale. It extends of the district. Population 1913. UG miles in length, and is on an average KAIL, or KALE, a river in Roxburgh- sides ; and one of the streams of the Ken is shire. its boundary on the N. forming it into a KAIM, a small village in the parish of sort of peninsula. Besides there Duffus in Morayshire. are about 80 acres covered with lakes. KATTERLINE, a parish in Kincardine, There is a rich lead mine on the Glenlee shire, united to '. Also a small har- estate, and the appearance of a copper bour on the coast of that parish. mine in the vicinity. The Royal burgh KEARN, a parish in Aberdeenshire. of is situated in this parish. Vide FORBES and KEARN. Population 941. , a parish in Aberdeenshire, of near- KELLS RANGE, or RH YNS, a ridge of ly a circular figure, from 3 to 4 miles in hills in the parish of Kells, extending in a diameter. It is watered by the river Don. N. and S. direction about 8 miles. It is Population 465. reckoned the highest in Galloway. Kells KEILLESAY, a small island of the He- Range is almost entirely composed of gran- brides, 5 miles N. E. of Barray. ite. On, one of these hills is a rocking KEIR, a parish in D umfries-shire, S miles stone of 8 or 10 tons weight. in length, on an average from 2 and a half KELSO, a considerable town in Rox- io3 in breadth. The soil is in general burghshire, pleasantly situated at the con- light, dry, and fertile; more than one third fluence of the rivers Teviot and Tweed, on of the surface is hilly, affording excellent an extensive plain, bounded on all sides by sheep-pasture. Population 993. rising grounds, covered with plantations, KEITH, a parish in the county of Banff, forming a most beautiful amphitheatre. It of nearly a circular figure, with a diameter is built in the manner of a Flemish town, of 6 miles. It lies in the district of Strath- with a large square, and 6 streets going oil*

isla, in the middle of the county ; is wat- from it at regular distances. In the square ered by the Isla, and is is general fertile. stands the town-house, with the principal There are several flourishing villages. The houses and shops. The parish church and principal manufactures are flax-dressing, episcopal chapel are elegant buildings, and

spinning, and weaving ; and a bleachfield add much to the beauty of the town. The has lately been established on an extensive bridge over the Tweed was carried away in scale. There are also a tannery and dis- 17 l)8, but it has since been rebuilt on an tillery. Near the old village of Keith, the elegant plan. There is a dispensary, with

Isla, precipitating itself over a high rock, rooms for the reception of a few sick ; and forms a line cascade, called the Linn of a public subscription library. The Duke

Keith. The town of Keith is divided into of Roxburgh is lord of the. manor of Kelso. Old and New Keith. Population 3352. It is governed by a baron-bailie, appointed

KEITH-HALL and KINKELL, an uni- by the Duke, and 1 5 stent masters. Kelso ted parish in the district of Garioch, Aber- was three times burnt down by the English. deenshire, extending about 6 miles long, It was totally destroyed in lGSG by an acci- and 5 broad. The district is hilly and dental fire; and nearly so about 90 years ago. mountainous; the soil partly fertile, and The principal trade is the manufacture of partly barren and unproductive. It is wa- woollen cloth, and the dressing of sheep and tered by the risers Don and Dry. Popu- lambskins, of which a considerable quan- lation SS3. tity is exported. The parish, which for- - KEITH-INCH. Vide PETERHEAD. merly contained three parishes, Kelso, Max. KELLS, a parish in the stewartry of well, and St James', is of an irregular tri- -Kirkcudbright, and one of the four which angular figure, each side of which is 4 and form the district of Glenkens. It is nearly a half miles in length. The soil, for a con- of the form of an isosceles triangle, the base siderable tract on the banks of the Tweed of which, at the N. end, is about 6 miles, and Teviot, is a rich deep loam, producing gradually diminishing for 15 mile3 to the early and luxuriant crops. A considerable point where the river of Dee and Ken unite. part is iiilly ; and though the greater part These rivers bound it on the E. and W. is arable, it is kept under sheep pasture. A K 15 N 150 K E T

considerable part of the abbey of Kelso, for- KEN-EDAR, a parish in Aberdeenshire. merly an immense edifice, still remains, Vide KING EDWARD. and exhibits a venerable monument of the KENLOWIE, a rivulet in Fifeshire, magnificence of ancient times. It was which, after a course ofabout 6 miles, falls built by David I. , which into St Andrew's bay. has been in a ruinous state ever since the KENMORE, a parish in Perthshire, in reign of James III. is equally admired for Breadalbane, lying on both sides of Loch its strength as a fortress, as the abbey is for Tay. It is S miles long, and 7 broad; but its extent and magnificence. Ofthe many the vale of Glenorchy extends much far- elegant seats in this parish, the Fleurs, ther, and some places of it are no less than the magnificent seat of the Duke of Rox- 28 miles from the church. Glenquaich burgh, is the chief. P. 4408. also lies at a considerable distance, separa- I KELTIE, a river in Perthshire, -which ted from the parish by a lofty mountain, 5 rises in the western border of the parish of miles over. Benlawers, the third moun- Callander, and, taking a S. E. direction, tain in Scotland, rises abruptly from the falls into the Teith. banks of the lake. The soil on the banks of KELTON, a parish in the stewartry of Loch Tay is a rich loam, and the arable Kirkcudbright, about 6 miles long, and on parts of the hills are of a light mossy nature, an average 3 broad. It consists of 3 united not unfriendly to vegetation. P. 3624.-- parishes, Kelton, Gelston, and Kirkcormick; The VILLAGE of KENMORE is neatly and is bounded on the W. by the river Dee. built, and delightfully situated on an isth- The principal attention is paid to the rear- mus projecting into the eastern extremity

ing of black cattle ; but heavy crops of of Loch Tay, from which point is thrown grain are raised, particularly on the banks over an elegant bridge of 5 arches. ofthe river. The great road from Dum- KENNETHMONT, a parish in Aber- -fries to Portpatrick runs through the parish, deenshire, about 6 miles long, and 3 broad. on which are situated the two villages of The soil in general is a light loam, capable • and P-honhouse, or, as it is of producing luxuriant crops. The parish often named, Kelton hill. P. 2263. is watered by -several rivulets. Population KELTY,a village of Kinross-shire, in S88. the parish of Cliesh. KENNET-PANS, a village in the coun- KELVIN, a river which rises in the pa- ty and parish of Clackmannan. lish of , Stirlingshire, and falls into KEMNOWAY, a parish in Fifeshire, 3 the Clyde at the village of . In pas- miles long, and 2 broad. The soil is all a- sing through the parish ofE. Kilpatrick, it rable, and generally fertile. The VILLAGE flows under the aqueduct bridge of the of KENNOWA Y is built at the top of a great canal. beautiful and romantic den, the sides of KEMBACK, aparish in Fifeshire, 4 miles which are steep and rocky, and contain long, and 1 broad. The soil is generally some remarkable caves. Population 1521. fertile, particularly on the banks of the ri- KERERA, an island of Argyleshire, 8 ver Eden, which bounds it on the N. It is miles from the island of Mull, and 1 from also watered by asmall rivuletcalled Ceres. the mainland ofthe district of Lorn. It is 4 Freestone, coal, and limestone abound miles long, and 2 broad. There are 2 good here; and on the estate of Blebo, there is a harbours, Ardintrave and Horseshoe bay. vein of lead ore. P. 626. " KERLOACK, one of the Grampian hills, , aparish in Aberdeenshire, elevated 1890 feet. 4 miles and a halflong, and 3 broad. The KERSHOPE, a small river in Roxburgh- surface is hilly, having the ridge called the shire, rising in the parish of Castletown, Kembs running through it from S. E. to N. and forms for several miles, the boundary W. The soil, for the most part, is a light betwixt Scotland and England. mould, stony, lying upon a bed 'of sand. KET, a small river in Wigtonshire, which Population 541. falls into the sea at Port-Yarrock. KEN, a river in Galloway, rising in the , a parish in Forfarshire, about mountains of Kirkcudbrightshire, and flows 4 miles long, and 3 broad, lying on the N. in a direction towards New Galloway, be- side of the Sidlaw hills, and on a part of low which it expands into a fine lake, call- the valley of Strathmore. There are seven ed Loch Ken, 4 and a half miles long, and villages, of which Kettins is the largest. 1 and a half broad. After this it joins the KETTLE, a village and parish in Fife- Dec, and falls into the Sohvay Frith at shire. The parish is about 9 miles square. Kirkcudbright. The greater part lies in the course of that .

strath which extends from Kinross to St villages of Colinsburgh, Earl's-ferry, Kil- Andrews. The village is situated on the conquhar, and Barnyards, are in this parish. low and wet part of the valley, and is liable Near the town of Kilconquhar is a small to be overflowed by the Eden. Pop. 19CS. lake, with two islands on it. Pop. 2218. KILBAGIE, a village in the county and KILDA (St.), or , the most re- parish of Clackmannan. mote of the Scottish Western Isles, the KILBARCHAN, a parish in Renfrew- nearest land to it being Harris, from which shire, 9 miles long, and from 3 to 5 broad, it is distant 60 miles in a W. N. W. direc-

bounded on the S. and E. by the Elack Cart tion ; and it is about 140 miles from the river. The VILLAGE of Kilbarchan is si- mainland of Scotland. It is 9 miles and a tuated on the N.W. side of Loch Winnoch, half in circumference. The whole island and has several extensive bleachfields in its is fenced about with one continued perpen- vicinity. Besides Kilbarchan there is ano- dicular face of rock, of prodigious height, ther village near Linwood mill. P. 3563. except a part of the bay or landing-place, KILBIRNY, a parish in Ayrshire. On lying towards the S. E. The bay is also dif- the borders is a fine lake, 2 miles long, and ficult of access. The surface is rocky, ris- nearly half a mile broad. The 'VILLAGE ing into 4 high mountains. There are se- of Kilbirny contains about 300 inhabitants, veral springs, which form a small rivulet, chiefly employed in the silk manufacture. that runs close by the village. In this vil- KILBRANDONandKILCHATTAN,an lage, which is about a quarter of a mile from united parish in Argyleshire, consisting of the bay on the S. E, all the inhabitants re- 5 farms on the mainland of Lorn, opposite side. Their houses are built in two regular j the sound of Mull, and 5 islands, , rows, facing one another, with a street run- | , Shuna, Forsa, and Easdale. There ning in the middle. The laird of Macleod are several good harbours. Pop. 1253. is the proprietor. KILBRANNAN SOUND, anarrow sound, KILDALTON, a parish in Argyleshire, between the peninsula of Kintyre and the in the island of Hay, situated on the S. E. isle of Arran. end of the island, extending 15 miles, and KILBRIDE, a parish in the isle of Arran, is 6 in breadth. There are several harbours, 4 miles long by 7 broad. There are 2 safe particularly Loch Knock, on which is situ- harbours, Loch Ranza and Lamlash. ated the village of Kildalton, containing a- KILBRIDE (EAST), a parish in Lanark- bout 100 inhabitants. Population 2269. | shire, about 10 miles long, and from 2 to 5 KILDONAN, aparishinSutherlandshire,

broad. It consists of the united parishes of , about 20 miles long, and 8 miles broad at Kilbride and Torrance. Pop. 2906. one end, but not half a mile at the other. It ' KILBRIDE (WEST), a parish in Ayr- lies on both sides of the river Helmsdale. shire, extending 6 miles long, and from 2 The general appearance is mountainous. to 3 and a half broad, bounded on the W. There are 10 small lakes which abound

by the Frith of Clyde. In this parish is a with trout. Population 1 574. small village of the same name, S miles S. , a parish in Aberdeen- S. E. from Glasgow. Population 1015. shire, from 2 to 3 miles square, situated in KILBUCHO, a parish in Peebles-shire, a valley, and watered by the river Don. 4 miles and a half long, and 3 broad, The soil is a deep rich loam. Pop. 404. KILCALMONELL and KILBERRY, an , a parish in Argyleshire, 15 united parish in Argyleshire, on the borders miles long, and from 3 to 9 broad. The

of E. and W. Lochs Tarbert. It is 16 miles : surface and coast are very rugged, and the

long, andfrom 3 to .5 broad. There are se- soil thin and poorly cultivated. There are | veral harbours with fishing villages. Po- several small lakes, which abound with pulation 2265. trout. Population 1282. KILCHOMAN, a parish in Argyleshire, KILFINICHEN and KILVICEUEN, a in the island of Hay, 30 miles loug, and 6 large united parish in Argvleshire, in the broad. There is one lake which covers 100 island of Mull, now generally termed the acres. Population 3131. parish of Ross. It extends 22 miles, and KILCHRENAN, a parish in Argyleshire, its greatest breadth is 12. The general ap- united to that of Dalvich. It lies on both pearance of the parish is barren, and the sides of Loch Aw, extends 12 miles, and is mountains are elevated to a great height. 8 in breadth. Population 626. KILL, a rivulet in Ayrshire, which falls KILCONQUHAR, a parish in Fifeshire, into the river Ayr, m the parish of Stair. on the coast of the Frith of Forth, extend- KILLARROW, a parish in Argyleshire, ing about 8 miles, and is 2 in breadth. The in the island of Hay, united to Kilmeny, KIL 3 KIL

and frequently termed Bowmore, from the hills. The soil is deep and fertile. Popu . name of the village in which the church is lation 502. situated. It is IS miles long, and S broad. KILMADOCK, a parish in Perthshire, The surface is partly low, and partly hilly. sometimes called Doune, from the town Bowmore is situated on the banks of an arm in which the church stands. It compre- of the sea called Lochindaal. into which the hends a considerable portion of the ancient river Killarrow discharges itself. The pa- stewartry of Monteith, and has an area of rish is also watered by the Luggan, which 94 square miles. The surface is diversified, empties itself into a bay of that name. Po- and the soil exhibits all varieties, from the pulation 2956. richest carse clay to the poorest moor. It is KILLASAY, one of the small Hebrides, watered by the rivers Forth, Teith, and the on the W. coast of Lewis. Ardoch, Keltie, and Annat, which joins

KILLEAN and KILCHENZIE, an unit- them . From these rivers the surface rises ed parish in Argyleskire, and district of considerably. Besides the town of Doune,

Kintyre, I 8 miles long, and 4 broad. The there are two small villages, Buchany, and soil along the coast is sandy, but when well Burn of Camhus, which are nearly united to J manured produces good crops. Pop. 2934. the town of Doune. Population 3134. j KILLEARN, a parish in Stirlingshire, in KILMAHOG, a village in Perthshire, in the western extremity of Strathblane. It the parish, and within a mile' of the town of is 12 miles long, and about 1 and a half Callander. Population 200. broad. It is watered by the Blanc and KIL?»lALCOLM, a parish in Renfrewshire, Endrick, on the latter of which is the vil- about 6 miles square. It is watered by the lage of Killeam, containing about 230 in- Gryfe and Duchal, and bounded on the N. habitants. This parish gave birth to George by the Clyde. The surface is rocky and di- Buchanan, the celebrated poet and histo- versified with frequent risings. The vil- rian, to whose memory a beautiful monu- lage or Kirktown of Kilmalcolm is situated ment has been erected by subscription in nearly in the centre of the parish. P. 1474. the village of Killeam. Population 997. KILMALIE, an extensive parish in the KILLEARNAN, a parish in Ross-shire, counties of Argyle and Inverness, intersect- 5 miles long, and 2 broad. The soil is in ed by three arms of the sea. Its extreme general good. Population 1396. points are at least GO miles distant, and its KILLICRANKIE, a noted pass in the breadth is not less than 50. The greater Highlands of Athole, near the junction of part of the parish consists of high mountains the Tummel with the Garry. It is formed and hills, covered with heath, affording ex- by the lofty mountains impending over the cellent pasture for numerous flocks of sheep. Garry. The river is in most places invisi- Amongst these is Bennevis, the highest

ble ; but at one place is seen pouring over mountain in Britain. In the valleys, upon a precipice, forming a scene of awful mag- the banks of the Lochy and Nevis, and in nificence. Nearthe N.end of thispass was several other places, there is some arable

fought the battle of Killicrankie, in 16S9, ground, ofdifferent qualities ; but in gener- in which the forces of King William were al the soil is shallow and sandy. In several defeated by the adherents of King James. of the valleys lies extensive lakes, of which KILLIN, a Highland parish of Perthshire, Loch Archaig and Loch Lochy are the chief. in Breadalbane, 18 miles long, and in most The rivers and lakes abound with salmon. places from 6 to 8 broad. It comprehends Fort William, and the adjoining village of Glendochart and Strafhfillan, and part of Maryburgh, are situated in this parish, at Glenfalloch and Glenlochy. The surface is the E. end of Lochiel. There are several unequal, but the valleys are mostly arable, extensive caves, particularly one 30 feet and capable of a high state of cultivation. long, and 1 1 broad. Opposite to this cave, It lies along the S. bank of Loch T ay, and is a beautiful cascade, on a small rivulet, is watered by various rivers. Benmore is which, falling down the side of Bennevis, the highest mountain in the parish. The forms an uninterrupted torrent for half a situation of the village of Killin, at the W. mile, before it joins its waters to the Nevis end of Loch Tay, is singularly picturesque in the valley. Population 4645. and pleasant. Besides Killin, which con- KILMANIVAIG, a parish in Invemess- tains about 150 inhabitants, Clifton con- shire, 60 miles in length, and 20 in breadth. tains nearly 200. Population 2160. Its surface is much diversified with ranges KILMADAN, a parish in Argyleshire, 12 of lofty mountains, intersected by extensive miles long, bat not half a mile broad, being glens and rapid rivers. Great numbers of sealed in a narrow glen, surrounded by high black cattle and sheep are reared. In this Kit, 1 3 EU district is the ancient Castle of Inverlochy, mel bank are the chief seats in this parish. the only remnant of the ancient burgh of Bushby castle is now unroofed, and falling that name. It was the seat of royalty, for to ruin. The parish is watered by several here, King Achaius signed, in 790, the rivulets. The TOWN of KILMAURS is a league with Charlemagne. Tins city was buigh of barony, erected by James V. It is

destroyed by the Danes ; and of it there pleasantly situated on a gentle ascent, and are now no remains, except some paved consists of one handsome street, with a work, which are supposed to have been the small town-house and spire in the middle. streets. Population '2407. It is governed by 2 bailies, annually elected KILMANY, a parish in Fifeshire, about by the majority ofthe portioners of the 6 miles long, and 4 broad, in a line valley, town. Population 1432. watered by the river Motray. The VIL- KILMENY, a parish in Argyleshire, in LAGE of KILMANY is pleasantly situat- the island of Hay, united to Killarrow. ed on an eminence on the old road from , a parish in Inverness- Dundee to Cupar, about 5 miles from the shire, extending about 60 miles, and from latter, and 3 miles and a halffrom Baloie- 10 to 50 miles in breadth. It lies on the rino on the Tay. Population 781. banks of the Beaulie, and exhibits every KILMARNOCK, a town of Ayrshire, si- variety ofsurface, scenery, and soil. There tuated in a valley on each side of a rhulet, are many lakes. Loch Uain, or the green which is a tributary stream of the Irvine. lake, is about 40 miles W. of Beaulie, sur- It is very irregularly built.few ofthe Streets rounded by lofty mountains, and in sum-

being laid out on a fixed plan. Kilmarnock mer and winter, covered with ice ; but, in is a burgh of barony, governed by 2 bailies, the middle of June, when the sun is verti- a council of 1 2 of the merchants, and the cal, a very little of the ice in the centre is deacons of the 5 incorporated trades. It is dissolved. Population 2528. one of the principal manufacturing towns KILMORE and KILBRIDE, an united in Ayrshire, and carries on a considerable parish in Argyleshire, situated in the dis- trade in making carpets, serges, and other trict of Lorn, on the coast, and compre- woollen cloths The PARISH of KIL- hending the island of Kerera. There i9 a MARNOCK, extends 9 miles in length, considerable lake inthe parish, called Loch- and 4 in breadth, along the banks of the ri- nel, from which a small rivulet discharges ver Irvine. The surface is level, and the itself into Loch Feachan, an arm ofthe sea. soil deep, strong, and fertile. Population The coast is high and rocky, possessing, of the town and parish 10,148. however, two excellent harbours; one at KILMARONOCK,a parish in , the village of Oban, and another at Dun. shire, 6 miles long, and from 2 to 4 broad, staffnage ; besides two in the island of Ke- watered by the Endrick. On the banks of rera. There are three ferries, Connel ferry,

the river, the soil is a deep rich loam ; but, over Loch Etive; Port Kerera, between

on the rising ground, it gradually degener- the mainland and that island ; and Mull ates into a moor or moss. There are the ferry. Population in 1801, 2729.

remains of two Romish chapels ; and at KILMORICH. VideLOCHGOILHEAD Catter is a large artificial mound of earth, and KILMORICH. where, in ancient times, the baronial courts KILMORY,a parish inB uteshire, and i9le were held. The castle of Kilmaronock, and of Arran, extending 30 miles, in a semicir- the castle of Batturet.both in ruins, appear cular form. The coast is rugged and bold, to have been formerly magnificent edifices. and the surface uneven and hilly. Beinbhar- Population 898. fhionn, the highest hill, has its top covered KILMARTIN, a parish, 12 miles long, with snow the greater part of the year. and 5 broad, lying on theW. coast of Ar- Loch Earsay is a considerable lake, nearly gyleshire, and bounded on the E. for 6 in the centre ofthe island. Pop. 3430. miles by Loch Aw. The valley in which KILMUIR, a parish in Inverness-shire, the church and village of Kilmartin are si- at the northern extremity of the isle of Sky. tuated, is one of the most beautiful in the It extends 16 miles, and is 8 in breadth. Highlands. —Through this vale is the line Along the coast, it is flat, with gently ris- of road from Kintyre to Fort William, on ing eminences, affording excellent pasture ; which the village is a stage, with a commo- but the interior is mountainous, and cover- dious inn. Loch Crinan is the principal ed with heath. The shores are in general harbour in this parish. Population 1453. high and rocky ; and towards the N. point KILMAURS, a parish in Ayrshire, about terminate in a lofty promontory called 6 miles long, and 5 broad. Craig and Cav- Hunnish, near which is a dangerous and U KIL 15 4

rapid current. The harbour of Duntulm form, has a diameter of about 2 miles. The the safest in the island. P. in 1801, '275 coast is one continued ridge of rocks, with ' KILMUIR, (EASTER), aparish situated two small creeks, the harbour of Kilrenny, in Ross-shire, and partly in that ofCromar and the port of Cellardykes. Pop. 1300. ty, about 10 miles long, and on an average KILSPIND1E, a parish in Perthshire, 4 miles and a half broad. P.inl801, 1703. partly in the Carse of Gowrie, and partly KILMUIR (WESTER) andSUDDY.an amongst the Stormont hills, about halfway united parish in Ross-shire, now more ge- between Perth and Dundee. It is of an ob. nerally named Knockbain, (q. v.) long form, about five miles by 3 miles and KILNINIAN, a parish m Argyleshire,is- a half. Population 762. land of Mull. It is in the form of a penin- KILSYTH, a parish in Stirlingshire, in sula, lying in the N. W. extremity of the the southern extremity of the county, about island, about 12 miles square. To it be- 7 miles by 3 miles and a half. The Carron long the islands of TJIva, Gometra, Little and Kelvin are the principal rivers, and one

Colonsay, and Staffa : and the small unin- of the reservoirs for the great canal is in habited cluster called the Treishnish, or this parish—The VILLAGE of KYLSYTH Treshiunish isles. It has an excellent har- is a considerable manufacturing place, on bour at Tobermory, where a village was e- the old road from Glasgow to Edinburgh. rected about 25 years ago by the British so- It is a burgh of barony, entitled to hold a ciety for encouraging the fisheries. At weekly market and 4 annual fairs. P. 3206. Aros, on the sound of Mull, there is also a KILTARLITY, a mountainous parish harbour. Population 4064. in Inverness-shire, formed by the union of KILNINVER and KILMELFORT, an the parishes of Kiltarlity and Conveth. It united parish in Lorn, Argyleshire, forming is 30 miles long, and about 6 broad. There

nearly a square of 1 2 miles. It is bounded are 5 lakes, Biruach, Gorm, and Neattie j on the W. by the sound of Mull. The low- and it is watered by the Beaulie, and the er parts of the parish are smooth, with a 3 streams which form it. P. about 3000.

gentle declivity to the sea ; and consists of KILTEARN, aparish of considerable ex- a light loamy soil, yielding in favourable tent in Ross-shire, on the N. side of the> seasons, good crops. The upper district is Frith of Cromarty. Along the coast it is

hilly and mountainous, covered with exten- arable ; but the remainder is wild and sive natural forests and plantations. In mountainous, and uncultivated. Benuaish, this hilly district lie two considerable lakes, whose top is constantly covered with snow, Loch Scammadale, and Loch Tralig, from is the most lofty mountain in the parish. whence issue the river Euchar and Oude. Besides the river Skiace, there are several ' Population 953. other rivers, which takes their rise from KILPATRICK (NEW or EAST), a pa- lakes among the mountains, and descends rish situated partly in Stirling, and partly to the sea with amazing rapidity, forming in Dunbartonshire, disjoined from Old Kil- several fine cascades. Population 1552. patrick about the end of the 17th century. KILWINNING, a considerable town and

The river Kelvin runs through it ; and the parish in Ayrshire,—The town is situated 5 great canal is carried over that river by miles N. N. W. of Irvine, and contains aqueduct bridge of 4 arches. The soil is 1260 inhabitants. It is noted for being the clayey, and difficult of culture. The only seat of the first mason lodge in Scotland, village is Melguy, which contains about 200 from whence all the other lodges have inhabitants. Population 2608. their rise.—The PARISH of KILWIN- KILPATRICK (OLD or WEST), a NING is 9 miles long, and in many places rish in Dunbartonshire, on the N. bank of of the same breadth. The surface rises the Clyde, 10 miles below Glasgow. It is 8 gently from the S. and W. to the N. and E. miles long, and from 3 to 4 broad. The and is beautifully diversified. The whole surface is partly flat, partly hilly and moun- is inclosed, and in a state of improvement. tainous, and in many places covered with The parish is watered by the Garnock river, natural wood. Population 3428 The and the Lugton, one of its tributary streams. VILLAGE of KLLPATRICK lies 10 miles Population 3291. W. from Glasgow, and eontains 500 inha- KINBATTOCK, Vide Towie. bitants. KINCARDINE, or MEARNS. This KILRENNY, a royal burgh and parish in county is bounded on the N. by Aberdeen-

Fifeshire, on the N. coast of the Frith of shire ; on the E. by the ocean ; and on the Forth. The town owes its charter to James S. and W. by the county of Angus. Its. VI. The parish, which is of a circular form is nearly triangular, about 50 miles in. K I N length along the coast. It is said to have West Pans, from the salt pans which were received the name of Mearns from a bro- wrought in it. Its staple article of employ- ther of Kenneth II. called Mearnia. The ment is ship building, for which it is much name of Kincardine is derived from a small celebrated, particularly for vessels intend- village in the parish of Fourdoun, which ed for the coasting trade. Of late too, the

was anciently the county town : but the rope manufacture has been introduced, and

courts were removed flom thence to Stone- is carried on with great spirit and advan r haven. The sea coast is partly flat, and tage. A pretty productive fishing of sprats partly rocky, rising inwards to a fine level or garvies has been long carried on here by country, about 100 or 150 feet above the Ie- means of cruives. Its harbour is commo- "vel of the sea, intersected by numerous dious, and a good quay wasbuilt afew years streams, the Bervie, Cowie, and Carron, and ago. Opposite to the town is an excellent divided from Angus by the North Esk. A road-stead where vessels can ride in safety, part of the Grampian ridge runs through The houses are in general well built; and the county, forming the N. side of the How within these 30 years the town has been ofthe Mearns, the N. E. extremity of Strath- greatly enlarged by the erection of several rhore. South of the Grampians the surface handsome streets regularly planned. It is in general fertile. The N. W. part of contains nearly 500 inhabitants. the shire is mountainous, and chiefly adap- KINCARDINE, a decayed village in ted for pasture. Kincardine contains only the parish of Fourdeun, in Kincardine- one royal burgh, Inverbervie; but there shire, the capital of the county, till Kiiig are several populous towns and villages, of James VI. removed the courts to Stone- which Stonehaven, , and Lau- haven. In 1792, it contained only 73 in- rencekirk are the chief. In many places habitants. there are fine quarries of limestone. Kin- KINCARDINE O'NEIL, a parish In A- cardineshire is divided into 19 parochial berdeenshire, 7 miles long, and 5 broad. districts, which contain 27,509 inhabitants. The village, which surrounds the church, KINCARDINE, a parish in Perthshire, is finely situated on the banks of the Dee, in the strath or valley of Monteith. It is and is much resorted to in summer by in- about 10 miles long, surrounded on every valids. Population 1S45. side, except the S. by lofty mountains; on KINCHARDINE. Vide Abernethy and the E. by the Ochils, towering amongst the Kinchnrdine. clouds. It contains somewhat more than KINCLAVEN, a parish in Perthshire, in

harbours for small vessels. The village of Edar ; a parish in Aberdeenshire, 1 2 miles Kincardine is situated on the coast, with a long, and varying from 2 to 5 in breadth, small harbour, about 14 miles W. of Tain. bounded on the W. by the Deveron. The Population 1666. village of Newbyth was begun to be feued KINCARDINE, a town in the parish of in 1764, and contained in 1795 about 200 Tullialan, Perthshire, of considerable ex- inhabitants. Population 18S7. tent, lying on the northern bank of the KINGHORN, a royal burgh in Fifeshire, Forth, between the burghs of Clackmannan on the coast of the Frith of Forth, nearly and Culross, from both of which it is dis- opposite to Leith, between which towns tant about 3 miles. It was; at first named there are regular passage boats. It was kin : N invested with the privileges of a royal burgh lie, Rae,andFenzies. The soil is in general by King David I. and about that time is fertile. Population 340. said to have been a royal residence. The KINLOSS, a parish in the county of El- town is pleasantly situated on the side of a gin, situated at the head of the bay of Find- hill fronting the Forth, and consists of a horn, about 3 and a halfsquare miles. The main street, intersected by bye-lanes. An surface is level, and the soil tolerable. Find- ancient building, called St. Leonard's Tow- horn is in this parish. Population 1052. er, in the middle of the town, is used as a KINLOSS, a small river in Argyleshire, court-house and prison. The parish of King- which runs into Loch Aw, near the moun- horn is about 4 miles in length, and 3 and tain of Cruachan. a half in breadth ; and the island of Inch- KINNAIRD, a parish and village in keith is generally considered as belonging Perthshire, 2 miles E. and W. and 3 N. and to it. The surface isbeautifully diversified, S. comprehending part of the hilly lands on and the soil exceedingly fertile. The coast the N. side of the Carse of Gowrie. P. 445. is about 3 miles in extent, and has 2 har- KINNAIRD'S HEAD, a promontory in bours, one below the town, and the other Aberdeenshire, about a mile N. of Fraser- about half a mile W. at Pettycur, for the burgh. On the top of the promontory a convenience of the passage-boats. About light-house is erected. half way betwixt the town of Kinghorn and KI N N EFF, a parish in the county of Kin- Pettycur, is a basaltic rock, running into cardine, extending from the mouth of the the sea. Population 2204. river Bervie northward about 5 miles. The KINGLAS3IE, a parish in Fifeshire, 4 surface is interspersed with rising grounds, miles long, and 2 broad. It is bounded on mostly covered with heath j but the soil, the N. by the Leven, and watered by two particularly along the shore, is tolerably fer- tile. of its tributary streams, the Lochtie and the The coast is bold and rocky, possess- Ore. The whole of it is arable, but only ing only two small creeks for boats, as Ca- one third of it is undertillage. The village terhne and Gap-hill. Population 952. of Kinglassie is situated on the banks of the KIN NELL, a parish in Angus-shire, con- Leven, 2 miles S. W. of Leslie. Pop. 9S3. taining nearly 3000 acres. The soil is va- KINGOLDRUM, a parish in Forfarshire, rious, but tolerably fertile. Population S04. situated at thebase of the Grampian moun- KINNELL, a river in Dumfries-shire, half tains. It is 7 miles long, and 2 and a which falls into the Annan near Lochmaben broad. T he soil is in general fertile. Cat- KINNELLAR, a parish in Aberdeen- law, a hill elevated 2264 feet is in this pa- shire, containing 4000 acres, somewhat hil- ly, but susceptible of cultivation. rish. Population 537. P. 325. KIN GOODIE, a village in Perthshire, in , a village of Kinross- in the parish of Portmoak. the parish of . shire, P. 300. KINGSBARNS, a parish in Fifeshire, a- KINNETTLES, a parish in Forfarshire, forming nearly a square of 4 miles. bout 4 miles square. The soil is various, The but generally produces good crops. The greater part is enclosed and well cultivated. of Population532. village of Kingsbarns lies 9 miles S. E. considerable KINNOUL, a parish in Perthshire, St Andrew's, and carries on a on manufacture of Osnaburgs, Shirtings, &c. the E. side of the Tay, 1 and a half or 2 Population 860. miles square. The surface is irregular, ris- for the Dundee market. KING'S-SEAT, a hill in Perthshire, on ing from the banks of the river to the sum- te and mit of the hill of Kinnoul, the elevation of the borders of the parishes of Aberny which is 632 feet. village of Kinnoul, Alyth. Its height is 1238 feet. The KINGUSSIE and INCH, an united pa- commonly called Bridge-end, is a burgh of district of barony, holding of the Earl of Kinnoul. rish in Inverness-shire, in the Badenoch, about 20 miles long, and 17 Population 243!. pastur- KINPURNIE, a hill in Perthshire, in broad. It is mostly allotted ( o the Spey. the parish of Meigle, about 1151 feet in age of sheep. It is intersected by the There are other streams, which arise from height. is bounded on the several small lakes in the parish, and emp- KINROSS-SHIRE N. largest E., E. and S. by Fifeshire, and on the other ty themselves into the Spey. The of the sides by Perthshire. It is almost circular, lake is Loch Inch, from which one about miles in circumference. The districts takes its name. Population 1981. and 30 KINLOCU, a parish in Perthshire, 9 miles middle part is occupied by Loch Leven. its banks, the ground rises gradually long, and 2 and a half broad. The surface From lakes are Drume towards the N. with a gentle ascent; but, is finely diversified. The on the S., the rise is more abrupt and rug- 4 in breadth. It contains 2 -villages, viz. ged. It is divided into 4 parishes, the po- Kippen and Bucklyvie. Population 1893. pulation of which is about 7000. Kinross- KIRKCALDY, a royal burgh and sea-port shire, alternately with Clackmannanshire, in Fifeshire, situated on the coast of the sends a member to parliament. There are Frith of Forth, 3 miles E. of Kmghom. It abundance of limestone and coal; andiron- stretches along the foot of a bank, and is stone is also met with. The hills are mostly properly but one street, about a mile long, composed of a coarse whinstone, in some with a few narrow lanes opening at each of the fissures of which are small veins of side. The town-house is a plain building, lead ore. with a tower and spire, situated nearly in

KINROSS, the county town of the shire. the middle of the town ; and the church, a It is pleasantly situated on a plain, at the building in the Gothic style of architecture, W. end of Loch Leven, upon the great road stands on an eminence at the back of the from Queensferry to Perth, from each of town. The harbour is safe and commo- which it is distant 15 miles. It carries on dious. Manufactures of various kinds are a considerable m inufacture ofcoarse linens. here carried on to a considerable extent. The PARISH of Kinross extends about 3 It is governed by a provost, 2 bailies, a dean miles in every direction round the town, of guild, and a treasurer, with a council of except towards the E. where Loch Leven 21 members. It joins with Kinghorn, Dy- forms the boundary. The surface is fiat, sart, and Burntisland, insendinga member and the soil is pretty fertile. It is watered to parliament. The PARISH is of an irre- by 3 small streams, the North and South gular oblong figure, between 2 and 3 miles Quiech, and the Gairney. in length, and about 1 in breadlh, rising

KINTAIL, a parish in Ross-shire, 13 miles gradually from 1 he coast to the northern ex-

long, and in general o' broad, comprehend- tremity. The prospect from the heights is ing 3 districts, viz. the side of Croe, Glenel- magnificent. The parish contains freestone, chaig, and Glassletter. The whole is inter- ironstone, and coal. Population 4452. sected by the arms of the sea, Loch Long , a parish in the stewartry of and Loch Duich, and is wild and mountain- Kirkcudbright, 6 miles long, and 3 broad, ous. The hill ofTullochard is elevated to occupying a promontory in the S. E. corner

a great height ; and the cascade of Glonach of Galloway. The surface rises into a ridge is a remarkable waterfall. Pop. 105S. of hills called the Criffel. There are 5 KINTORE, a small burgh in Aberdeen- small villages, viz. Kirkbean, Preston, and shire, seated on the Don, about 15 miles Salterness. Population 800. W. of the county town. It is governed by KIKKBOST, a small island of the Hebri- a provost, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, and a des, lying on the W. coast of North Ulst. treasurer, assisted by a council of 8 burgess- KIRKCOLM, a parish in VVigtonshire. It es. It has a neat town-house and prison. is a sort of peninsula, formed by the bay of It contains about '250 inhabitants, and u- Lochryan and the Atlantic Ocean, 6 miles nites with Banff, Cullen, Elgin, and Inver- by 4. The coast affords several safe places ury, in sending a member to parliament. of anchorage, particularly at the Wig. p . The PARISH is nearly 6 miles in length, pulation 14b5. and 3 in breadth, gradually rising from the KIRKCONNEL, a parish in Dumfries- banks of the Don to the hills on its borders. shire, in Nithsdale, from 10 to 14 miles in Population about 1000. length, and from 7 to 8 in breadth. It con- KINTYRE.the S. division of Argyleshire. tains 40 square miles and a half. The hil- It is a peninsula, lying between the Frith of ly part of the parish is well stocked with Clyde and the Atlantic Ocean, and joined sheep aud black cattle. The Glenmuleugh to Kfiapdale at the narrow isthmus of Tar- hills are composed entirely of limestone. bert. It extends about 35 miles in length, Coal is found in different places. It also a- and 7 in breadth. There are several villa- bounds with freestone and many mineral ges in the district ; but the only town of springs. Population 1017. consequence is the royal burgh of Campbell. KIRKCUDBRIGHT. Thisshire.orstew- town. Population 1S.2S5. artry, comprehends the eastern district of KINTYRE (MULL OF), the S. point of Galloway, and extends from N. W. to S. E. the peninsula of Kintyre. about 45 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. parish lying the S. bank of It is bounded on KIPPEN, a on the N.E. and E. by Dum • the Frith of Forth, but situated partly in fries-shire, on the S. by the Solway Frith Perthshire, and partly in the county of Stir- and the Irish sea, on the W. by Wigtonshire, length, the VV. by the ling. It is 8 miles in and from 2 to { and on N. county of Ayr. KIR J K I R

The face of the country exhibits the appea- miles and a half. The river Kelvin passes rance of one continued heath. This shire, through it, and in its course receives seve- especially the N. is rugged and hil- ral considerable streams, particularly the ly, and is intersected by numerous streams, Skinna and the Luggie. The Forth and •w hich, uniting, form four considerable ri- Clyde canal also passes through the whole

vers ; the Cree on the W. the Fleet, the Dee, extent. The TOWN of Kirkintilloch is formed by the union of the Ken and Dee, pleasantly situated on each bank ofthe Lug- and the Orr, or Urr. These rivers, all of gie, near its junction with the Kelvin. It which have their rise in the N. empty them- is neatly built. It is governed by two bai- selves into the Sol way Frith and Irish sea. lies, annually elected by freemen. P. 3740. This shire contains two royal burghs, Kirk- KIRKLAND, a village in the parish of cudbright and New Galloway, and several Wemys.i,in Fife, in which is a most exten- considerable villages, most of which have sive flax spinning mill. been built within these 70 years. It has KIRKLISTON, a parish on each side of

neither coal nor lime, and but little free- the river Amond , partly in the county of stone. Kirkcudbright sends a member to Edinburgh, and partly in Linlithgowshire. parliament. It is divided into 28 parishes, It is 5 miles and a half long, and 3 and a and contains 33.6S1 inhabitants. half broad. The whole parish is under til- KIRKCUDBRIGHT, a parish in the above lage. The village of Kirkliston, contains county, 7 miles from N. to S. and from 3 to about 600 inhabitants. Population 1682. 4 in breadth. It is somewhat hilly; but , a parish in the stew- the soil produces tolerable crops. The ri- artry of Kirkcudbright, about 8 miles long ver Dee, which bounds the parish on the W. and 4 broad, lying upon the E. side of Wig- forms a peninsula called St Mary's isle. Po- ton bay and the river Cree. The Ferry-town pulation 2763. The BURGH of Kirkcud- of Cree, now generally termed Creetown, bright, and county-town of the stewartry, is situatedin this parish. Population 1264. is pleasantly situated on the Dee, about 4 KIRKMAHOE, a parish in Dumfries- miles above where it pours its wateis into shire. There are 4 or 5 villages, the largest the Solway Frith, 28 miles S. W. of Dum- of which, Duncow, contains nearly 200 in- fries. The town consists of two streets, u- habitants. Population 1494. niting nearly at right angles. About the , a parish in Wigtonshire, middle of the town is a large and elegant occupying the extremity of the peninsula court-house. The harbour is well sheltered. which is termed the . It It is a port of the custom-house. The go- extends from the 10 miles vernment is vested in a provost, 3 bailies, a long, and about 2 and a half broad. The treasurer, and 11 councillors. It joins with general appearance is hilly. The coast, par- Dumfries, Annan, Sanquhar, and Lochma- ticularly near the Mull, is bold and rocky; ben, in sending a member to parliament. but on each side there are several safe an- Population 1S41. choring places. Population 1719. KIRKDEN, a parish in Forfarshire, about KIRKMICHAEL, a parish in Ayrshire, 9 5 miles long, and 2 broad. It is watered by miles long, and 4 broad. The water of Gir- the Lunny and the Vinny. Pop. 735. van runs through it, and the Doon is its , a parish in the stew- boundary for several miles. P. 1693. artry of Kirkcudbright, 5 miles long, and 3 KIRKMICHAEL, a parish in Barrffshire, broad. The general appearance is hilly, in the western extremity, 10 miles long, but there is a good deal of level ground. and 3 broad at the middle. It is hilly; Population 659. and, in its western extremity, the moun- KIRKHILL, a parish in Invemess-shire, tain of Cairngorum raises its lofty head. It formed of two parishes, Wardlaw and Farna. is intersected by numerous torrents, which It extends about 8 miles, and from 1 to 3 in pour on every side from the hills to join breadth. It is watered by the river Beau- the Avon. Here are extensive beds of pure lie, which falls into the frith at this place. white marl. Tammtoul is the only village, Population 1477. and containr about ISO inhabitants. Po- KI-RKINNER, a parish in Wigtorishire, pulation 1386. 14 miles by 6. It lies on the W. coast of the KIRKMICHAEL, a parish in Dum- bay of Wigton, and along the river Blade- fries-shire, of an elliptical figure, nearly 10 noch, which forms the N. boundary. P. 1433 miles long, and 4 broad in the middle. KIRKINTILLOCH, a parish and burgh The general appearance is barren, being in Dunbartonshire. It is of a triangular fi- interspersed with extensive uhimproveahle gure, in no place extending more than 5 heathy tracts and mosses, which supply ; .

KIR 159

the country with fuel. It is watered by tolerable crops. It lswatered by the small

the Ae, Kinnel, and Glenkill. Population river Kirtle ; and the Black and White 1035. Sark have their sources here. Population KIRKMICHAEL, a parish in the N. E. 1664. comer of Perthshire, 17 miles in length, KIRKPATRICK-IRON-GRAY, a pa- and from 6 to 7 in breadth. It comprehends rish in Kirkcudbrightshire, 9 miles long, the greater part of Strathardle, and the and 2 broad. The eastern extremity is le- whole of Glenshee is watered by the Ardle vel, and the soil dry and fertile; the rest and Shee, which run through these valleys. of the parish is hilly, except a tract of low The military road from Cupar Angus to land on the banks of the Cluden and Cairn. Fort George passes along the Ardle, and Or the river Caim there is a bridge over a through Glenshee. P. 1460. romantic waterfall, called the Routing KIRKMICHAEL, a parish in the coun- Bridge. P. 841. ties of Ross and Cromarty, to which are ad- KIRKPATRICK- JUXTA, a parish in

ded the two parishes of Cullcudden and St I Dumfries-shire, a triangular figure, each Martin's. It lies along the S. coast of the side being about 8 miles long, bounded on Frith of Cromarty, and extends about 8 the N. and E. by the river Annan. The ge- miles in length, and 3 in breadth. Popu- neral appearance isbleak, interspersed with lation 1234. moss and moor. From the water side, KIRKNEWTON, a parish in the county which is flat and populous, the ground of Mid.Lothian, to which the parish of rises to the summit of the hill of Queens- East Calder is annexed. It is 6 miles long, berry on the W. border, elevated 3000 teet and 4 broad, bounded on the N. by the ri- above the level of the sea. P. 582. ver Amond, and on the H. by the water of KIRKTOUN, a parish in the county of Leith. Population 1300. Roxburgh, 8 miles long, and from 1 to 2 KIRKOSWALD, a parish in the district miles and a half broad. The face of the of Carrick, Ayrshire. It extends about 6 country presents a continued range of hills, miles along the coast, and contains nearly separated only by small rivulets, and gra- 11,000 Scots acres. The surface is hilly dually ascending from E. to W. The soil

and unsheltered ; but the soil on the coast is poor and shallow. Population 287. is generally a rich loam, mixed with clay KIRKURD, a parish in Peebles-shire, a- Population 287. bout 5 miles and a half long, and from 3 KIRKURD, a parish in Peebles-shire a- to 4 broad. The surface is finely diversi- bout 5 miles and a half long, and from 3 to fied, and the arable land is nearly equal in 4-broad. The surface is finely diversified, point of extent to the pasture land. Po- and the arable land is nearly equal in point pulation 3S7. of extent to the pasture land. Population KIRKWALL, a royal burgh, and chief 1689. town of the stewartry of Orkney, situated .aparish in Wigtonshire, in the parish of Kirkwall and St Ola, in the 15 miles in length, and from one to six in island of Pomona. It is built en a neck of breadth, watered by the rivers Bladenoch land, washed on one side by the bay of and Tarf. The surface is partly moor land, Kirkwall, and on the other by a pleasant and partly arable. Population 1006. inlet of the sea, which flows by the back of KIRKPATRICK-DtJRHAM, a parish the gardens at high water. It is nearly a and village in the stewartry of Kirkcud- mile long, but is of inconsiderable breadth, bright. The parish is 9 miles in length, and having only one street running the whole

from 3 to 4 in breadth , lying along the east- length. It was anciently possessed by the em bank of the river Urr. The northern, Danes and Norwegians, who named it or upper part of the parish, is covered with Kirkivog. It was erected into a royal burgh

heath ; but the lower part is enclosed, and by James III. It is governed by a provost, almost entirely arable. P. 1156. 4 bailies, a treasurer, dean of guild, and KIRKPATRICK-FLEMING, a parish council, annually elected by the burgesses. in Dumfries-shire, about 6 miles long, and The cathedral of St Magnus is a large Go- 3 broad. The surface, which rises gently thic pile, said to have been founded by from the S.to the N. presents a pleasing Rognwald, Count of Orkney, in the year variety, and striking contrast; in several 1138. It is still very entire, and a part of parts the lands are in a high state of cul- it is occupied as the parish church. Here tivation, partly covered with heath. The are also the ruins of an extensive and ele- soil of the arable land varies considerably gant building, erected, in 1607, by Patrick, but it is in general fertile, and produces , called the Earl's palace; K N A 160 K Y P and almost adjoining to it is the Bishop's tersected by the lakes of Caolisport and Cas- palace, a ruin of very great antiquity. tle-swen. A cluster of small islands on the The harbour is excellent, with an outer W. coast belongs to it. The greater part road affording safe anchorage; and the of the district is mountainous, with fertile whole is commanded by a fortification, fields interspersed. built by the English in tne time of Oliver KNAPDALE (NORTH), a parish in the Cromwell. Kirkwall joins with the burghs district of the same name. It extends 12 of Wick, Dornoch, Dingwall, and Tain, in miles, and 5 broad, over a tolerably fertile sending a member to Parliament. —The tract of land on the coast of the Atlantic. PARISH of KIRKWALL and ST. OLA Population 21S4. comprehends the town of Kirkwall, and KNAPDALE (SOUTH), a parish, extend- the district for about miles round. Po- ing 20 miles in length, and 16 broad, along pulation 22S5. the W. coast of Loch Fyne. Pop. 1720. KIRMUNDIE (NETHER), a village of KNOCKANDOW, a parish in the county Aberdeenshire, in the parish of , of Moray, about 10 miles long, by 2 broad, on the banks of the Ugie. bounded on the S. and S. W. by the river KIRRIEMUIR, a considerable town and Spey. Population 1332. parish in Augus-shire. The town is situa- KNOCKBAIN, a parish in Ross-shire.

ted near the foot of the braes of Angus, on It extends from (i to 7 miles by 5 or 6, and the S. W. side of a hill, near a romantic is divided by the bay of Munlochy. P. 1766. den, through which flows the small river KNOCKDOLIAN, a hill in Ayrshire, ele- Gairie. It lies 10 miles from Dundee. It vated 1950 feet. is a burgh of barony, of which Lord Dou- KNOCKFALLARIC, a hill in the parish glas is the superior.—The PARISH ex- of Fodderty, Ross-shire. tends 7 or 8 miles in length, and upwards KNOCKFARR1L, a mountain in Inver- of 6 in breadth, and is watered by the Esk, ness-shire. the Carity, the Gairie, and the Prosen. KNOCKIRN Y, a hill in Ross-shire, part- The surface is beautifully diversified. The ly in the parish of Assint, and partly in that hills, however, those of Glenprosen except- of Kincardine. ed, are of no great elevation, and are either KNOCKRHEACADAN, a lofty hill in cultivated, planted, or afford tolerable pas- Sutherlandshire, in the parish of Tongue. ture. Population 4969. KNOCKSHINAN, a village in Perthshire. KIRTLE, ariverin , which KOOMB, a small island on the N ..coast has its source in the parish of , and of Sutherlandshire, upon which are the re- running past Kirkpatrick-Fleming, falls in- mains of a chapel and burial ground. to the Sol way Frith, a little below Gretna- KYLE, a district of Ayrshire. It is se- Green. parated from Carrick by the river Ayr, and KLETT, a small rocky island, about 3 from Cunningham by the river Irvine. The

miles W.from the W. coast of Sutherland. surface is various ; towards the coast being KLOACHNABANE, a hill in the parish flat and sandy, but rising in the interior to of Strachan, Kincardine-shire, elevated considerable hills. It contains 21 parishes. 2570 feet. KYPE, a small stream in Lanarkshire, KNAPDALE, a division of Argyleshire, which falls into the Avon, a few miles a- about 20 miles long, and 16 broad. It isin- bove its junction with the Clyde.

LAD LAG

T AD Y-ISLE, a small islet in the Frith of LAGGAN, a parish in Inverness-shire, *4 Clyde. in the district of Badenoch, about 20 miles LADYKIRK,a parish in Berwickshire, in length. The river Spey takes its rise «n the banks of the Tweed. P. in 1801, 535. from a lake of the same name, in the wes- LADYKIRK, a parish in the isles of San- tern extremity of the parish, and running day, in Orkney, comprehending 8 square in a N. E. direction, intersects it the whole- miles, and containing 550 inhabitants. length. ; ,

LAN

LAGGAN (LOCH), a lake in Inverness- and Renfrew, was denominated Strath* shire, in the parish of Laggan, 15 miles clyde ; and Alcluid or Dunbarton is men- long, and 1 mile and a half broad, at the tioned as the capital. The surface is moun- E. end it receives the small river Pattack tainous and hilly, especially on the S. To • at the W. end it falls into the Spian, which wards the Clyde the face of the country is runs W. to join Loch Lochy near Fort agreeably diversified; and about Lanark William. the scenery is peculiarly interesting, from LAIRG, or LARIG, a parish in Suther- the falls of the Clyde. Lanarkshire con- landshire, 24 miles long, and 8 broad, in- tains two royal burghs, viz. Glasgow and cluding Loch Shin, which intersects it for Lanark, and many considerable towns and 20 miles. Population 1354. villages, as Hamilton, Douglas, Biggar, LAMBHOLM, a small isand of the Ork- Carnwath, &c. There are, besides, several neys, in Holma Sound, three miles in cir- considerable villages, particularly Leadhills cumference. and Wilsontown, which owe their existence LAMERTON, a parish in Berwickshire, or prosperity to the valuable metals with annexed to that of Mordington. In the which this county abounds. Lanarkshire church of this place, in 1503, James IV, is divided into 41 parochial districts, which married the daughter of Henry VII. of contain 191,752 inhabitants. England, which paved the way for the un- LANARK, a parish in Lanarkshire, be- ion of the two kingdoms. tween 4 and 5 miles long, and 3 broad, LAMMERMU1R HILLS, a ridge of hills stretching along the eastern bank of the in the S. of Scotland, which begins at Dun- Clyde, and containing 6000 acres. The glass in E. Lothian, and at Coldingham in greater part is flat, and capable of culture, Berwickshire, and runs W. for 30 or 40 along the Clyde, for about 3 miles, the miles, terminating at Soutrahill. Itforms banks are high, precipitous, and rocky. Po- one of the 3 districts of Berwickshire. pulation 5827. LAMINGTON, a parish in Lanarkshire, LANARK, a royal burgh, and county extending 9 miles along the E. bank of the town of Lanarkshire, is situated 24 miles S. Clyde, and is from 3 to 4 in breadth. It is E. of Glasgow, and 30 W. of Edinburgh. forme J by the parishes of Lamington and It stands on a rising ground near the Clyde.

Wandel. The small town of Lamington is si- There are 5 neat streets, besides lanes ; and tuated on the banks ofthe Clyde, nearly op- since the introduction of the cotton manu- posite to the hill of Tinto, and contains a- facture, many new houses have been built. bout 100 inhabitants. Population 365. It is a very ancient burgh, having received LAMLASH, an excellent harbour, on the its charter from Alexander I. It is govern- S. E< side of the island ofArran, where ves- ed by a provost, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, sels of any size may safely lie at anchor. It 13 merchant councillors, and 7 deacons of is sheltered by the islet of Holy Isle. There trades. It appears to have been, in former- is a small village of the same name at the times, a place of considerable note ; for we bottom of the bay. find that, in 978, Kenneth II. held in it an LANARKSHIRE, sometimes called assembly or parliament, the first mention- Clydesdale, is about 58 milesfrom N. to S. ed in Scottish history. Lanark was the and 36 from E. to W. It is bounded on Scene of Sir Wilbam Wallace's first mili- - the N. W. and N. by Renfrew and Dunbar tary exploit ; having in this town defeated ton shires ; on the the N. E. and E . by Stir- and put to death William de Hesilrig.jWho ling and Linlithgow shires; on the S. E. by had murdered his wife. Lanark unites

Peebles-shire ; on the S. by Dumfries-shire, with Linlithgow, Selkirk, and Peebles, in and on the W. by Ayrshire. In the south- sending a representative to parliament. ern border the Clyde has its source, and Population 2260. runs N. and W, dividing it nearly into 2 LANARK, (NEW) adjoining to the equal parts. It was anciently divided into burgh of Lanark, was built in 1785, to ac- three wards of jurisdictions, Clydesdale, commodate the work people (amounting to

Douglasdale, and Avendale ; but it is now upwards of 1 500) at the cotton mills erect- divided into two ; the shire of Lanark, of ed there by Mr Dale. which Lanark is the chief town, and the LANGHOLM, a town and parish in Dum- barony of Glasgow. It was formerly one of fries-shire, situated in the middle of the the kingdoms into which Scotland was di- district of Eskdale. The PARISH is near- vided, at the time of the Roman invasion. ly 6 miles and a half square, and contains, This Kingdom, which also included a great exclusive of Halfmorton, about 14,320 acres, part of the shires of Stirling, Dunbavton of which 1000 are under cultivation. The X .

LAR I >. L A V

surface along the banks of the Esk, which safe road-stead for vessels of every descrip- intersects it from N. to S. is level, and pro- tion. duces the most luxuriant crops. The dis- LARGO LAW, a hill in the parish of trict called Halfmorton belonging to this Largo, about 800 feet above the level of the parish, is completely separated from it by sea. the intervention of the parishes of Mid- LARGS, a pariah in Ayrshire, on the dlebie and Canobie, This district is water- coast of the Clyde, opposite to the isle of ed by the Logan and the Sark, both of Bute, 9 miles from N. to S. and S miles which are overhung with beautiful copses from the coast to that ridge of hills which of natural wood. The town of Langholm separates it from the rest of Ayrshire- The is a burgh of barony. About half a mile soil is light and shallow, but tolerably fer- from it is the village of New Langholm. tile. There are two small sea-port towns, Population 2535. Largs, containing 500 inhabitants, and LANGTON, a parish in Berwickshire, in Fairly, containing 130. Population 1800/ the district of Merse, containing about 7000 LARKHALL, a village in thepaiish of acres. The surface rises from the E. and S. Dalserf, in "Lanarkshire, situated on the towards the N. to the high gronnd named great roadfrom Glasgow to Carlisle, and Langton Edge. The whole is inclosed and containing upwards of 400 inhabitants. •well cultivated. The ancient village of LAROCH, a small river in Argyleshire, Langton was along straggling town; but which runs into Loch Creran, in the district it has been removed to a pleasant situation of Appin. about half a mile distant, and named Ga- LASWADE, a parish in Mid Lothian, a- vintown, from Mr. Gavin, the late proprie- bout 8 miles long, and from 2 to 4 in tor. Population 428. breadth. The greater part is arable, and LANGWALL, a river in Caithness, which the soil is rich. There are some exten- falls into the sea near the Ord, or southern sive bleach fields, and paper mills. The extremity of the county. North Esk runs through the whole length

LAOGHAL (LOCH), a lake in Sather- of the parish ; and on its banks there are landshire, about 4 miles long, and 1 broad. several beautiful seats. Population 3723. From it the river Torrisdale takes its rise. LATHERON, aparish in Caithness-shire, LARBERT, a paiish in Stirlingshire, u- extending 27 miles N. from the Ord, along nited to that of Dunipace, extending about the coast, and is 13 to 15 miles broad. It 8 miles from E. to W. and 2 miles from N. is partly flat, and mountainous, intersected to S. The surface is level, and the soil is by several valleys, in which are small rivers, exceedingly fertile. The manufactures are running from the high lands to the sea* very considerable. In Dunipace there are The principal rivers are Dunbeath, Lang- a printfield and cotton spinning manufac- wait, and Barridale, all of which contain

ture on an extensive scale ; and in the dis- salmon. There are 3 large hills, Morven, trict of Larbert are the Carron works, the Scarabine, and Maiden Pap, the elevations greatest iron foundry in the world. On a of which are nearly a mile perpendicular a- moor in this parish is held the famous cat- bove the level ofthe sea. The coast is bold tle market called Falkirk Tryst. Besides and rocky, but possesses several harbours. the village of Larbert, there are two other Population 3926. Tillages at Carron-shore and at the colliery LAUDER, a royal burgh in Berwickshire, ofKinnaird. Population 5000. seated on the river Lauder or Leader, about LARGO, a parish in Fifeshire, 5 miles 15 miles before it falls into the Tweed. It long, and of unequal breadth, containing is a royal burgh of very ancient erection, 5469 acres. It is bounded on the S. by the and was often the seat of the Scottish par- German Ocean, which here forms a finebay. liament. Lauder joins with Haddington, The whole parish is enclosed and well cul- Jedburgh, Dunbar, and North Berwick, in tivated, the town of Largo is situated at sending a representative to parliamsnt. It the influx of the rivulet of Keil, where its lies 25 miles S. of Edinburgh, and 24 W. of aestuary forms the harbour. Besides the Berwick. The PARISH of LAUDER ex- town of Largo. There is a small village on tends 3 miles from N. to S. and 4 in breadth. the coast called Drumochy, chiefly inhabit- The soil is light and sandy, but has been ed by fishermen. Population 1973- highly cultivated. About 9 square miles LARGO BAY, a bay at the opening of are under crop, and the remainder of the the Frith of Forth, extending from Kin- parish affords pasturage to sheep. Popula- craig point, to the point of , making tion 1742. a diameter ofnearly 7 miles. This forms a LAUDER or LEADER, a river in Ber- LEI

wickshire, which takes its rise in the Lam- the road to the port. North and South Leith mermuir bills, and, after a winding course are joined by two elegant draw-bridges a through the valley to which it gives its cross the harbour, and a bridge to the West name, falls into the Tweed near the abbey of the harbour forms a junction with the of Melrose. new streets and buildings of North Leith, 1AUDERD ALE, one of the greater divi- the Docks, and with Leith Walk. Within sions of Berwickshire. the last 50 years Leith has made rapid im- LAUDERS, a hill ofthat ridge which se- provements in its buildings and trade.— parates Lanarkshire from Annandale, ele- from a place of comparatively small conse- vated 5510 feet. quence it has arisen to be a port of the first LAURKNCEKIRK, aparish in Kincar- rank for foreign commerce and domestic dineshire, 4 miles long, and from 1 to 5 trade- The Exchange buildings, one of the broad. A ridge of hills stretches through largest public edifices in Leith, are a very its whole extent from E. to W. It is water- handsome suit of buildings; the assembly ed by the small river Leuther, and its tribu- rooms are lofty and spacious, and splendid- tary streams. The VILLAGE of Laurence- ly fitted; the Coffee-room is also in the first kirk lies in the middle ofthe county, S miles stile of elegance. The Custom-house and N.W.from Montrose, and 7 W. from Ber- Excise Office is a large and handsome build | vie. Population 1309. ing, erected in 1812, at an expense of 1 2 to LAURIESTOWN, a village in the parish 13,000 pounds. The Trinity house in the of Falkirk, containing 860 inhabitants. Kirkgate was built in 1817, and is a very LAXFORD, a river in Sutherlandsliire, handsome building in the Grecian stile. which takes its rise from Loch Stalk, in the Nearly opposite to this building stands King parish of Edderachylis, and falls into the James' Hospital, founded by the Kirk-ses- bay of Laxford. sion of Leith in 1648, for the reception of LEADHILLS, a village in the parish of aged women. The Grammar or High School Crawford, Lanarkshire. The rich mineral was built by subscription in 1805, it is a neat treasures which the hills contain, have, by building surmounted with a small spire and the concourse of miners, formed two consi- clock. The Old Church of North Leith was derable villages, Leadhills and Wanlock- founded in 1493. This venerable fabric was head. Gold has been found in these moun- in 1826 converted into a granary, after hav- tains, and inexhaustible veins of rich lead ing been dedicated to thepurpose of religion

ore are now wrought. The lead ore dug for upwards of 330 years ! A new and ele- from these mines affords a very liberal pro- gant Church for North Leith was founded portion of silver. Leadhills contains 1000 in 1814. South Leith Church was founded inhabitants. in 1496, built in the Gothic stile, with a LECROPT, a parish lying at the union of steeple and clock. A convenient chapel of Teith and Allan with the Forth, two-thirds ease was erectedin 1773. There was a neat of which he in Perthshire, and one third in Episcopalian chapel built in 1816, called St Stirlingshire. Its form is nearly an equila- James', in Constitution Street. Besides teral triangle, each side of which is 3 miles. these, there are three meeting-houses be- Population 508. longing to the United Secession Church, LEET, a small river in Berwickshire, one Methodist, one Relief, and one Inde- which runs into the Tweed at Coldstream. pendent chapel. The new Jail was built in LEGERVVOOD, a parish in Berwick- 1826, on the site of the old Jail, in the Tol- shire, bounded by Lauder on the N. andVV. booth Wynd— It is of Saxon architecture. and by Westruther and Gordon on the E. An elegant suit of Baths were erected at and by Earlston on the S. Pop. 560. Seafield, a little to the east of the town, in LEITH is a large town in the county of 1813, at an expense of L.8000. Few towns Edinburgh, anciently called Inverleith, and in Scotland can exhibit a greater number than Leith, or hous- the sea-port of Edinburgh. . It is about two ofancient buildings of miles N. E. ofthe metropolis, on the banks es, in whose history are involved a great- of the Water ofLeith, at its confluence with er number of Antiquarian notices. the Frith of Forth, which forms the harbour, Leith has four incorporations. The most and divides the town into the two districts ancient record in which Leith is named, is of North and South Leith. Although the in a charter offoundation of the abbey of distance from Edinburgh is two miles, yet Holyrood, in the year 1128, by David the the splendid road to it, on both sides, Is so First, where Leith was granted, with other much covered with elegant buildings, that places, for the support of that abbey. Mary it appears rather an extensive street, than Queen of Scots landed at Leith, from 1G4 LEI

France, on the 20th August 1561. James periods, three times a week, besides four VI. with his young Queen, landed here from steam vessels in the same trade, which sail in 1590. A plague desolated twice a week, during the summer season. Leith in the year 1580, and the same pesti- There is also a Liverpool, Hull, Hamburgh, lence caried of 3000, or nearly three-fourths &c. shipping companies; and vessels em- of the inhabitants, between the months of ployed by various other Companies, in the April and December 1645. The town was coasting trade with all parts of Scotland. laid under contribution by Cromwell in An Australian company was formed in 1650, and here he built fortifications and 1S22, who have four vessels of about 400 established a powerful garrison. Amongst tons each, employed in conveying Goods the memorabilia of Leith, we must not o- and passengers to New South Wales, and mit the landing of His Majesty George the Van Dieman's Land. Ship building, sail Fourth, on the 15th August 1822, a period cloth manufactories, rope making, &c. are

that will long be remembered by the inha- carried on on a great scale ; and there are

bitants of Leith ; the preparations for this several Saw-Mills, on the water of Leith. august ceremony, were conducted with all The ferry to the opposite coast of Fife, em- the shew and magnificence which the occa- ploys a number of sailing and steam boats. sion demanded, and which the people, at all There are seven glass houses which make times remarkable for loyalty, could exhibit. bottles, and crown Glass, and one where The harbour of Leith has nine feet water at crystal only is manufactured and cut. neap, and sixteen feet at spring tides, but There are also soap works, candle works, the Roads, which lie about a mile from the distilleries, Breweries, iron foundries, a mouth of the harbour, afford excellent an- card manufactory, and many other domes- choring ground for ships of any size. In tic manufactures. Printing is also carried the beginning of the last century, the town on. There is a " Leith Bank," built in

council of Edinburgh improved the harbour 1 SOS ; previous to this date, there was only a at a great expense, by carrying out a branch of the British Linen Company bank, stone pier a considerable way into the but from the increase of trade, these esta- sea, at the extremity of which is a light blishments have grown with the prosperity house, and there is another at Inch Keith, of the port, so that now (1829), there are a small island in the middle of the Frith five banking establishments, viz. the Leith of Forth,—and in 1777, they erected anew bank, and branches of the British Linen quay on the N. side, widening and deepen- Company, the bank of Scotland, the Com- the the mercial bank, and the National ing the harbour at same time,— old | bank of harbour has two dry Docks for building Scotland. Leith has a merchant company,

and repairing ships. The eastern wet dock i whose exertions have been of the greatest was begun in 1810, and finished in 1817. advantage to the shipping trade of the port. Each of these docks are 250 yards long, and There is a company of Solicitors, Insurance

1 00 yards wide, covering an area equal to Companies, &c. Leith is governed by a ten and a fourth English acres, and suffi- baron bailie with the title of Admiral of cient to contain 150 vessels of the ordinary Leith, appointed by the magistrates of E- classes, which frequent the Port. On the dinburgh, with three deputies, who have north side of these, are three graving docks, the title of resident bailies, with an assessor town clerk, for each 136 feet long, and 45 wide at the bot- | and who hold courts the pu- tom, and 150 feet long, by 70 wide at the nishment of petty offences. A bastion is top, the width of the entrance is 36 feet. built close by the new docks, and the har- The proposed dock, to the W. of those al- bour is defended by a Martello tower rising

ready finished , is to be 500 yards long, by from the sea, at the black rocks, about three 100 [wide, extending to the deep and spa- quarters of a mile from the present pier, to cious tide harbour of Newhaven. The ship- which it is intended to carry out the pier ping interest of Leith is very great, --an ex- which is now in the course of execution. tensive Foreign trade is carried on. Sever- Soon after Paul Jones made his appearance al vessels are employed in the whale fishery, in the Frith of Forth, 16th September 1779, and the trade is very extensive. The num. a battery of nine guns was erected to the ber of vessels, foreign and coasters arriving westward of the Citadel, between Leith and at the Port of Leith, in 1826, was 3628, Newhaven, which has now become the and the sailings for the same year, 2056. head guarters of the royal Artillery in North

There are a number ofshipping companies. Britain ; two companies being here station- The London Trade alone, employs upwards ed under the command of a field officer. pf 20 Smacks, which sail regularly at stated The barracks can accommodate 250 men, LEO ]

and 150 horses Leith possesses many va- the hills are of great elevation, except luable institutions. The chiefof the chari- the hill of Corse. The arable land in the table establishments is the Trinity House valleys is abundantly fertile. Population or Mariner's Hospital, founded in 1555, by, Mary of Lorraine, Queen Regent of Scot- LEOCHEL, a small river in Aberdeen- land; and supported by a small poundage shire, which takes its rise in the parish of on Seamen's wages, and on the tonnage of Leochel, and empties itself into the Don, the shipping. There is a Seamen's Friend 27 miles W. from Aberdeen. Society, a Society for relief of the Destitute LERWICK, a town on the mainland of Sict, a Female Society for Indigent Sick Shetland, and the seat of the courts of that women, a Sympathetic Society, Leith boy's stewartry. It is situated on the spacious Charity School, Female Charity School, se- harbour called Bressay sound, and contains veral Missionary and Bible societies, Friend- about 900 inhabitants.—The PARISH of ly societies, &c. There are two public Li- LERWICK extends 6 miles along the sea braries, and a Reading room, a Literary So- coast, and no where above a mile in breadth. ciety, instituted in 1814, society of High On the E. and N. E., it is bounded by the Constables, &c. &c. In 1771, an act of sea, which separates it from Bressay island, parliament was obtained, appointing cer- and forms an excellent harbour called Bres- tain persons commissioners of police, and say sound. The surface is rocky and moun- authorizing a levy of sixpence per pound, tainous; but there are many fine arable upon the valued rent of the town. Since fields on the sea coast, the soil of which is that period vast improvements have been tolerably fertile. Population 1706. made in paving, cleaning, and lighting LESLIE, a parish in Aberdeenshire, in the streets, (ultimately with Oil Gas,) Garioch, comprehending 4 square miles.

removing nuisances, &c. The town has Its general appearance is hilly ; but the now an abundant supply of water. The soil on the low grounds produces good crops. police are vigilant, and the whole of this de- Population 388. partment is well conducted, and judicious- LESLIE, a parish in Fifeshire, on the N. ly executed. A new and elegant Town bank of the Leven,from which the surface Hall is now finished, erected by the Magis- rises almost imperceptibly to the N. bound- trates and Masters of Leith, in Constitution ary. It is entirely arable. The TOWN of Street, the ground floor of which is used as LESLIE, which is situated on the Leven, the polise office. In IS 1 9, a neat and com- is a considerable manufacturing place. modious suit ofmarkets were built, remar- Population 1892.

kably elegant and spacious ; they contain LESMAHAGOE.a parish in Lanarkshire, butcher, fish and vegetable markets, all of an oval figure, 14 miles long by 12 broad. connected, and plentifully supplied with It lies on the S. W. bank of the river Clyde, every article in season. Population 26,000. which runs along it, and in this course are LEITH, a river which takes its rise in the stupendous falls of the river at BonnU. the western extremity of the parish of Cur- ton, Corra, and Stonebyres. The surface rie, in Mid-Lothian, and, receiving various is uneven, and the soil various.—The PA- additions in its progress in a course of a- RISH is watered by the Logan, the Nethan, bout 14 miles, discharges itself into the the Kype, and the Ponicle, all of which fall Frith of Forth at Leith. into the Clyde. Coal is wrought in several LEITHEN, a river in the county of Pee- places, and it abounds in excellent lime- bles, which falls into the Tweed at the vil- stone, freestone, and slate. P. 4404. lage ofInnerleithen. LESSUDDEN, or ST BOSWELL'S a pa- LENNOX, an ancient shire or district, rish in Roxburghshire, on the banks of the now divided between the counties of Stir- Tweed, about 5 miles long, and from 1 to 2 ling and Dunbarton. broad. The village of Lessuden is situated LENNOX HILLS, a ridge extending 10 miles from Kelso, and contains about from Dunbarton to Stirling, beyond which 300 inhabitants. Population 508, it is continued from the Forth to the Tay. LES WALT, a parish in Wigtonshire, 7 under the name of the Ochils. The moun- miles long, and from 3 to 6 broad. It forms tains of this ridge rise gradually from the E. part of the peninsula called the Rinns of and are nearly perpendicular on the W. of Galloway, lying on the bay of Loch Ryan. Strathblane. The surface is much diversified, and the LEOCHEL and CUSHNIE, an united soil is various. There are 2 small rivulets, parish in Aberdeenshire, 5 miles long, and 4 one of which empties itself into the bay of abroad. The surface is hilly; but none of Luce. Population 1705. LEW >6 L I L

IETHAM, a village in Fifeshire, in the longs to Ross-shire, but Harris is annexed parish of Monimail. to the county of Inverness. Besides the IETHAM, a village in the parish of town of , there are several small Dunniehen, Forfarshire. villages. Lewis is divided into 4 parishes, LETHENDY, a parish in Perthshire, 5 Barvas, Lochs, Stornoway, and Uig. miles long, and 1 mile and a half broad. LHANBRYD, a parish in the county of Population 349. Elgin, 4 miles long, and 3 broad. There LETHNOT and NAVAR, an united pa- are 3 lakes on the confines of the parish, rish in Forfarshire. The cultivated land Spynie, Cots, and Nabee. The only river is about 5 miles long, and 3-4ths of a mile is the Lossie. Population 869. broad; but the moors and waste lands ex- LIBBERTON, a parish in Lanarkshire, tend much farther. Population 511. united to that of Quothan, 7 miles long LEUCHARS, a parish in Fifeshire, 9 from N. to S., and 4 broad. Towards the miles long, by 5 broad, bounded on the E. W. the surfaceis level, lying upon the banks by the German ocean, and watered by the of the Clyde. Towards the E. the surface Eden on the S. and S. W. The VILLAGE is irregular. It is watered by two branch- of LEUCHARS is pleasantly situated about es of the Methven, which unite and fall in- a mile from the coast, 6 miles miles from to the Clyde in this parish. The only hill St Andrews, on the road from that town is Quothquan Law, 600 feet high. P. 770. to the ferry of Dundee. The inhabitants LIBBERTON, a parish in Mid-Lothian, (about 600) are chiefly employed in the lin- contiguous to the metropolis. It contains en manufacture. Population 1672. 4140 acres, which are very fertile. There LEUTHER, a small river in Angus-shire, are 4 villages, Gilmerton, Libberton Kirk, which rises in the Grampians, and, after Nether Libberton, and Greenend. In this passing the village of , falls parish there are several elevated ridgps intj the North Esk. runningfrom W. to E. On the top of one LEVFN,a village in the parish of Scoonie, is the parish church. The old tower of Fifeshire, at the mouth of the river Leven. Libberton, situated about half a mile to the LEVEN(LOCH), a beautiful lake in the westward, is 590 feet above the level of the

j counties of Kinross and Fife, about 1 2 miles sea. The front of another ridge, about a \ in circumference, bounded on the E. and mile to the southward, is composed of lime- S. by the Lomond bills, and on the W. and stone, where begins those extensive fields N. by the plain of Kinross. In this expanse of coal which extend over such a considera- of water there are four islands, the largest ble portion of the county of Mid- Lothian. of nJiich St Serf's, contains about 48 acres. Population 4033. The -castle of Loch Leven, anciently a roy- LICHART, a lake in Ross-shire, on the al residence, stands on another island in borders of the parish of Garloch, about 4

j the lake, and is encompassed by a rampart miles long, and from half a mile to a mile of stones. It was here that Queen Mary, in breadth. after she was madecaptive by the confede- LIDDAL, a river in Roxburghshire, which ate lords, at the , was con- runs from N. E. to S. W., forming the fined. The other two islands are called boundary with England, for 4 to 5 miles, the Paddock bower, and the Reed bower. till it joins the Esk, several miles before it LEVEN, a river in Fifeshire, which runs falls into the Solway Frith. from the E. end of Lochleven, and, after a LIDDISDALE, a district in Roxburgh- course of about 14 miles, falls into the sea shire, watered by the Liddal, and compre- j at the village of Leven. hending the southern angle of the county. LEVEN, a river in Dunbartonshire, which The face of this district is wild and moun- issues from Loch Lomond at Balloch, and tainous, it is chiefly adapted for pasture. falls into the Clyde at Dunbarton Castle. LIFF'and BEN VIE, an united parish in LEVEN, an arm of the sea projecting Forfarshire, about 5 miles square. The sur. from Loch Linnhe. face rises with an easy ascent from the Tay, LEVEN SEAT, a mountain of the pa- except towards the S. W. where it joins to rish of Carnwath, in Lanarkshire, 1200 feet the parish of Dundee. It is watered by the high. stream of Dichty, and 2 other rivulets, LEWIS, one of the largest ofthe Hebrides, which unite near Invergowrie, and falls in- about 60 miles long from N. to S., and from to the Tay. There are several villages, viz. 15 to 15 broad, parted by two arms of the Locheye, Millhouse, Lift", Benvie, and In-

sea into two divisions ; the southern called vergowrie. Population 2442. Harris, and thenorthern Lewis. Lewis be- LILLIES-LEAF, a parish in Roxburgh- UN 1 BOA

shire, 5 miles and a half long, and from grotesque figures. This grotesque figure has a half to 2 miles broad. The soilis partly lately been renewed after the model of the a light sand, partly a rich loam, and clay. ancient one, andhas an elegant appearance. —The VILLAGE of LILLTES-LEAF issi- Linlithgow is distant about 1G miles W. of tuated on the great road through the S. of Edinburgh. It joins with Lanark, Selkirk, Scotland, and contains upwards of 400 in- and Peebles, in sending a member to par- habitants. Population 755. liament. The Duke of Hamilton is heredi- LIMEKILNS, a considerable village and tary keeper of the palace. The PARISH sea-port in Fifeshire, on the coast of the of Linlithgow is about 5 miles long, and 3 Forth, in the parish of Dunfermline. It broad. Towards the S. the surface being contains 700 inhabitants. It has a good hilly, it is better adapted for pasture than harbour. tillage. Population 3596. LIN ADIL, a small island ofthe Hebrides, LINNHE (LOCH), an arm of the sea, near the coast of Sky. which separates the counties of Inverness LINBORES(LOCH), a lake in the parish and Argjle, extending in a N. E. direction of Abdie, Fifeshire, about a mile square. from the Sound of Mull as far as Fort Wil- LINGAY, a small island of the Hebrides, liam, where it takes a northerly direction, belonging to Inverness shire. and takes the name of Lochiel. Another LINKTOWN of KIRKCALDY, a long branch, in a S. E. direction, is called Loch straggling village adjoining Kirkcaldy, but Leven. The island of Lismore lies in the lying in theparishof Abbot's-hall. mouth of Loch Linnhe, with several smaller LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or WEST LO- islands. THIAN. This county is of an irregular LINTON, a parish in Peebles-shire, con- form, about 20 miles long from E. to W., taining 25 square miles. It lies among the and from 10 to 13 broad. It is bounded on hills which border on Edinburghshire, and

the N. by the Forth ; on the E. and S. E. is watered by the rivers Lyne and North, by the river Almond, -which separates itfrom Esk. The surface is generally mountain-

Mid-Lothian ; on the S. W. by Lanarkshire, ous; but many spots on the banks of the and on the W. by the small river Avon, rivers are highly fertile. The VILLAGE of which forms its boundary with Stirlingshire. LINTON contains about 350 inhabitants. It contains 2 royal burghs, Linlithgow and Considerable sheep markets are held here Qneensferry,and the small towns of Borrow- in June, Population about 1 200. stounness, Bathgate and Kirkliston. It is LINTON, a parish in the county of Rox- divided into 13 parochial districts, contain- burgh, about 9 miles long, by 3 broad. The ing 19,451 inhabitants. The Avon and Al- surface is finely diversified, and the soil,, mond are the only streams. Ironstone, though various, is generally productive. Po which is found in almost every parish, is pulation 462. wrought to a great extent at Bathgate. LINWOOD, a village in the parish of Kil- LINLITHGOW, a royal burgh and coun- barchan, Renfrewshire. ty town. It consists of one street, about 3 LISMORE, an island of the Hebrides, in quarters of a milelong, from E. to W. with Argyleshire, situated at the mouth of Loch bye-lanes. As a royal burgh it existed as Linnhe. It is about 10 miles long, and from j early as the reign of David I. The govern- 1 to 2 broad. The surface is rugged and un - ment is vested in aprovost, 4 bailies, a dean even, and the soil is a rich loam, extremely- of guild, a treasurer, 12 merchant council- fertile. Population 1323. lors, and the deacons of the 8 incorporated LISMORE and APPIN, an united parish trades. Linlithgow was anciently a place in Argyleshire, 63 miles in length, by 10, j of great trade and opulence, and had first and in some places 16 in breadth. It is in- the harbour of Blackness, and afterwards tersected by several considerable arms of j

Queensferry assigned to it as its port ; but, the sea, and comprehends the districts of when the union took place, it declined. The Airds, Strath of Appin, Durror, Glencreran,. palace, built on the site of a Roman station, Glencoe, Kingerloch, and the island of Lis- forms a square, and stands on an eminence more. Population 3407. to the N. of the town. On the E. side of LI VET, a small river in Banffshire, a tri- this street, almost adjoining to the palace, butary stream of the Avon. stands St Michael's church, a noble piece of LIVINGSTONE, a parish in Linlithgow- Gothic architecture. The town-house isal- shire, about 5 miles long, and from one to so an elegant building, erected in 1668 ; and one and a half broad. Population S70. immediately opposite to it is the cross well, LOANHEAD, a small village 5 miles S_ built in 1C20, with 8 spouts of water from S.E. of Edinburgh. .

L O C 1 ! L O C

LOCH ABER, a district ofInverness shire, LOCHLEE, a parish in Forfarshire, situ-

bounded on the E. by Badenoch ; on the S. ated amongst the Grampian mountains, a-

by , Rannoch, and Argyleshire ; on bout 12 miles long, and C broad. The hills the W. by Moidart ; and on the N. by the are for the most part steep, rocky, and co- lakes and rivers which occupy the middle of vered with heath. The extent of the culti- Glenmore-na-h'alabin. The only cultivat- vated land is considerable. The principal ed lands to be seen are around the huts. branches of the North Esk, called the Lee, , a parish on the W. coast of the Mark, and the Tarf, have their source Ross-shire, the inhabited part is computed from lakes of the same name in this parish. to be 20 miles long, and 5 broad. The ge- Population 521 neral appearance is hilly, but not so moun- LOGHMABEN, a royal burgh in Dum- tainous as the other districts in the neigh- fries-shire, and district of Annandale. It is bourhood. On the coast the soil is rich, governed by a provost, 3 bailies, a dean of and a great part of it lies on a bed of lime- guild, treasurer, and 9 councillors, and stone. Population 2034. joins with Annan, Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, LOCHAR MOSS, an extensive tract of and Sanquhar, in sending a representative moss in Dumfries-shire, 12 miles long, by to parliament.—The PARISH extends a- 2 or 5 broad, extending down to the Solway long the banks of the Annan 10 miles, and Frith, and divided into two parts by the Lo- is 3 in breadth. There are 7 or S small char water, which falls into the Solway, 2 lakes, the largest of which is the Castle

miles E. from Dumfries. Loch ; and 3 small rivers, the Ae, Kinnel, LOCHAY, a river of Perthshire, which and Dryfe, which fall into the Annan. The rises on the borders of Argyleshire, and, barony of Lochmaben, or the four towns, running through Glenochay, joins the Do- (as it is called,) is a fertile district, and is chart, at the western extremity of Loch Tay. held by the same tenure as the crown LOCHBROOM, a parish in Ross shire, so lands of Orkney and Shetland. P. 2336. named from an arm of the sea which inter- LOCH-NA-GARAIDH, a lofty mountain sects it. It is computed to be 36 miles long, in the parish of Crathy, Aberdeenshire, up- and 20 broad. The greater part consists of on which the snow lies through the whole uncultivated moss and heath. There is a year. considerable extent of fine arable land, LOCHRUTTON, a parish in the stew- chiefly on the coast and in the valleys. In artry of Kirkcudbright, 4 miles and a half this parish there are three fishing stations long by 3 broad. The lake, from which it established by the British Society. P. 3754. received its name, is situated in the centre LOCHCARRON, a parish in Ross-shire, of the parish, and is a mile long, and about situated on an arm of the western ocean, half a mile broad. The extremities of the into which the river Carron falls. It is up- parish are hilly, but the rest of it lies in a wards of 14 miles long, and 5 or 6 broad. valley of arable land. Population 514. The arable soil is pretty fertile. P. 1485. LOCHS, a parish in Ross-shire, in the is- LOGHEYE, a village in Angus-shire, in land of Lewis, so named from the great the parish of Liffand Benvie, about 3 miles number of lakes scattered over its surface. N. from Dundee. It is 19 miles long, and 9 broad. Along the

LOCHGELLIE, a villagein the parish of coast, it has a bold and rocky appearance ; Auchterderran, in Fifeshire, containing a- in the interior, the surface is moory and in- bout 450 inhabitants. hospitable. Thegreaterpart of the inhabi- LOCHGOIL-IIEAD, a parish in Argyle-' tants are employed in the fisheries on the shire, to which that of Kilmorich is united. coast. Population 1927. It is 30 miles long, and from 6 to 20 broad, LOCHTOWN, a village in the parish of exclusive of a district belonging to it of 5 Longforgan, Perthshire. Pop. about 100. miles long, annexed to the parish of Inver- LOCH VVINNOCH, a parish in Renfrew- ary. It lies along the western coast of Loch shire, forming a square of 6 miles. The Long, and receives its name from the local surface is irregular, rising towards the N. situation of the church, at the head ofLoch- to the top of the Misty Law. The soil is goil. It is bounded on the VV. by Lochfyne. also various. There are two considerable

The surface is in general rugged, the wes- lakes, Castlesemple and Queenside Lochs ; tern extremity of the Grampians being si- and the principal rivers are the Calder and tuated in this district. The soil on the the Black Cart.--The VILLAGE of LOCH- coast is well cultivated. Besides the hous- VVINNOCH is situated on the side of Cas- es around the church, there is a small vil- tlesemple Loch, and is a considerable ma- lage called Cairndow. Population 1072. nufacturing place. Population 3514. LOG ) L O N

LOCHY (LOCH), a late in Inverness- bout 7 miles square, occupying the point of shire, 14 miles long, and from 1 to 2 broad. land formed by the junction of the Tum- LOCHY, a river which has its rise from mel with the Tay. The village ofLogierait the lake of the same name in Inverness- contains about 200 inhabitants. P. 3001. shire, and after a course of about 10 miles, LOGIE WESTER. Vide URQUHART discharges itself into the sea near Fort Wil- and LOGIE WESTER. liam. LOIGH, a river in Ross-shire, which falls LOCH Y, a lake in Breadalbane, in Perth- into Loch Long. shire, which discharges itself by a river of LOMOND HILLS, two conical hills in the same name into Loch Tay. Fifeshire, situated nearly in the centre of LOCKERBIE, a considerable town in that county. The eastern Lomond is 1650 the parish of Dryftdale, Dumfries-shire. feet above the level of the town of Falk- The parish church of Dryfsdale stands on land, which is situated at its base. On its an eminence at the head of the principal summit is a small lake, which has the ap- street. Lockerbie lies 12 miles E. from pearance of the crater of a volcano. The Dumfries. Western Lomond, which is considerably LOGAN, a river in Lanarkshire, which higher, has on its top a large cairn. takes its rise in the hills which separate the LOMOND, (LOCH) a lake in Dunbarton- parishes of Lesrnahagce and Muirkirk, and, shire, about 30 miles long, and in some running eastward for 8 miles, falls into the places S or 9 broad ; its surface contains Nethan. upwards of 20,000 acres of water. It has LOGAN, a small pastoral stream of Mid- about 50 islands scattered over it, eleven Lothian. of which are of considerable size. The LOGIE, a parish in Fifeshire, 2 miles and whole scenery of Loch Lomond is highly a half long, and 1 broad, lying about mid- delightful. The banks are clothed with way betwixt Cupar and Woodhaven, the natural wood. A more charming situation ferry to Dundee. Population 569. than the environs of this lake is not to be LOGIE, a parish 4 miles square, situated found in Britain. in the counties of Perth, Stirling, and LONCARTY. Vide . Clackmannan. One half of the parish is a LONG, (LOCH) an extensive arm of the strong carse soil, producing excellent crops, sea, which strikes off from the Frith of the other is hilly, and affords excellent pas- Clyde, first in a N. and afterwards in a N. ture. Population 2227. E. direction, separating the counties of Ar- LOGIE and PERT, an united parish in gyle and Dunbarton. It is about 24 miles Forfarshire. It is situated on the North long, and about its middle it sends off Loch Esk, and is 4 miles long by 3 broad. The Goil, a small branch, in a N. W, direction. LawsofLogie are three remarkable emi- LONG, (LOCH) an arm of the sea in nences. Population 90S. Ross-shire, which forms the S, boundary of LOGIE-AMON, a district in Perthshire, the peninsula of Kintail. called the New Parish, being lately dis- LONGANNAT, a village in Perthshire, joined from the parishes of Foulisand Mon- in the parish of . zie, and annexed fo that of Monedie. It LONGFORGAN, a parish in the Carse of lies on the N. bank of the Anion, and is a- Gowrie, in the S. E. corner of Perthshire. bout 3 miles square. Its greatest length is 7, and its greatest LOGIE-BUCHAN, a parish in Aberdeen- breadth 3 and a half miles. It is bounded shire, in the district from which it receives by the river Tay on the S. for nearly 3 miles. its name, 4 miles long., and from 1 and a The village of Longforgan is a straggling half to 2 and a half broad, divided into two town, on the road from Dundee to Perth, parts by the river Ythan. Ythan is navi- .about 4 miles from the former. It is situ- gable to small vessels for 3 miles. P. 539. ated on the rising ground which bounds the LOGIE-COLDSTONE, a parish in Aber- Carse of Gowrie on the E. and commands deenshire, in the district of Cromar, 6 miles a fine prospect of the course of the Tay. It long, and 3 and a half broad, i It is inter- was erected into a free burgh of barony spersed with a number of small hills, and in 1672. Besides Longforgan, there are large heathy tracts ; and the cultivated land the village of Kingoodie, and a small ham- is in general fertile. Population 861. let near the hill of Lochtown. Pop. 1809. LOGIE-EASTKR, a parish in the coun- LONGFORM ACUS, a parish in Berwick- ties of Ross and Cromarty, 7 miles long, ! shire, 12 miles long, and 6 broad. The and in some places about 2 broad. P. 1928. i surface is hilly, being in the midst of the , a parish in Perthshire, a- great Lammermuir ridge. There are two | Y LOU 1 > L U I beautiful conical hills, called the Dirring- LOUISBURGH, a modern fishing village ton Laws, which are seen at a great dis- near the town of Wick, Caithness. tance. Population 444. LOWLANDS, one of the greater divi- LONG-ISLAND, a name applied to that sions of Scotland, applied to the E. S. E. district of the Hebrides which extends from and S. W. parts, in contradistinction to the the island of Lewis on the N. to the island Highlands, which occupy the northern and of Barray on the S., comprehending Lewis, western parts ofthe country. The princi- Harris, Benbecula, North and South Uist, pal rivers of this division are the Forth, the Barray, &c. Clyde, the Tweed, and the Annan. The LONGSIDE, a parish in Aberdeenshire, manners of the inhabitants of the low coun- in the district of Buchan, containing 19 try are as different from those of the High- square miles. It is so level, that when the landers, as the aspects of the countries are Ugie, which runs through it, overflows its dissimilar. banks, it lays almost the whole parish un- LUBNAIG LOCH, a lake in Perthshire, der water. Population in 1S01, 2077. in the parishes of Callendar and Aberfoil, , a parish in Aberdeenshire, about 5 miles long, and nearly three quar- 10 miles long, and nearly 4 broad. The ters broad. soil is various, but in general fertile, and LUCE, (BAY of) or GLENLUCE BAY, well cultivated. It is separated from the a spacious bay in Wigtonshire, surrounded parish of Crimond by the lake of Strathbeg. on 3 sides by the land, and about 20 miles It is also watered by a considerable branch wide at the entrance, from the Mull of Gal- of the Ugie. There are two considerable loway to the Burrowhead of Whithorn, and fishing villages. Population 1627. nearly the same extent up the country. It LORN, a district in Argyleshire, 50 miles affords safe anchorage to vessels of consi- long, and 9 broad, bounded on the E. by derable burthen.

Breadalbane ; on the S. by Loch Etive ; on LUCE, a river in Wigtonshire, which the W. by the Ocean and the Sound of takes its rise in the hills which separate Mull; and on the N. by Lochaber and Galloway from Carrick, and, taking a S. Moydart. This district, watered by many easterly direction, falls into the sea at the lakes and rivers, is the most pleasant and Bay of Luce. fertile district in Argyleshire. LUCE, (NEW) a parish in Wigtonshire, LOSSIE, a river in Morayshire, which 10 miles long, and 5 or 6 broad. The sur- takes its rise in the parish of Edenkellie, face is irregular, rising from the banks of and, passing Dollas and Elgin, falls into the the Luce, which are arable, to the high sea at . lands, which occupy by far the greater part LOSSIEMOUTH, a villagein Morayshire, of the parish. Population 453.

i n the parish of Drainy, at the mouth ofthe LUCE, (OLD) a parish in Wigtonshire, a- Lossie. It belongs to the town of Elgin, bout 10 miles long, and from 2 to 7 broad. from which it is distant 6 or 7 miles. It lies on the bay at the mouth of the river LOTH, a parish in Sutherlandshire, ex- of the same name, and possesses several tending along the coast 14 miles, and about harbours. The surface is hilly. The vil- one half of a mile in breadth. It is watered lage of Glenluce is situated at the mouth of by the livers Loth and Helmsdale, which the river. Population 1536. fall into the ocean-at this place. The coast LUGAR, a river in Ayrshire, which takes possesses several good harbours. P. 1330. its rise in the Cumnock lakes, and discharges LOTH, a small river in Sutherlandshire, itself in the river Ayr at Barskimming. which rises in the interior, and, after a LUGG1E, a river in Stirlingshire, which course of 15 or 16 miles, falls into the ocean joins the Kelvin. The great canal between in the parish of the same name. the Forth and Clyde is carried over it by LOTHIAN, an extensive and fertile dis- an aqueduct bridge. trict, lying along the S. shore of the Frith LUGTON, a river which rises in the pa- of Forth. It is now divided into Hadding- rish of , Renfrewshire, and, taking ton, Edinburgh, and Linlithgowshires. q. v. a S. E. course, falls into the Gamock, in the LOTHOSCAIR, a small island of Argyle- parish of Kilwinning. shire, in Loch Linnhe. LUINA LOCH, or LOCH AVICH, a LOUDON, a parish in Ayrshire, in the lake in Argyleshire, about 8 miles in circum- bailiewick of Cunningham, about 9 miles ference. This lake discharges itself into long, and from 3 to 7 broad. There are 4 Loch Aw by the rivulet of Avich. villages, viz. Loudon, New Milns, Derval, LUING, a small island in the parish of and Auldtown. Population 3107. Kilbrandon, Argyleshire. L U N V L Y O

LUMPHANAN, a parish in Aberdeen- the chief of which is Lundie Loch. Popu- shire, G miles long, and 4 broad. It lies in lation 791. a valley, surrounded with hills In the LUNG A, one of the Hebrides, in Argyle- southern extremity there is a considerable shire, and in the parish of Jura and Colon- lake called Loch Auchlossen. Population. say. 680. LUSS, a parish in Dunbartonshire, 8 miles LUNAN, a parish in Forfarshire, lying on and a half long, and from 2 miles and a the bay of Lunan, where the river of that half to o broad, lying on the W. of Loch Lo- name Jischarges itself into the German O- mond. Scarcely one-twelfth part is arable, cean. It is 2 miles long, and 1 broad. It the rest being hilly. The village of Luss is is distant 5 miles and a halffrom Mpntrose. situated on a plain projecting into the lake, Population 300. through the middle of which the small wa- LUNAN BAY, a bay on the coastof For- ter of Luss runs. Four ofthe larger islands farshire, situated at the mouth of the river of Loch Lomond belong to the parish of Lunan. It comprehends an extent ofcoast Luss, viz. Inch Tavanach, Inch Conagan, of 4 miles, with a fine sandy bottom, and Inch Moan, and Inch Loanig. Pop. 965. safe anchorage. LUTHERMOOR, a village in the parish LUNAN, a river in Forfarshire, which of , in Kincardineshire. Pop. 200. rises from a spring called Lunan Well, a LYNE, a river in Peebles-shire, which little above a chain oflakes, viz. Restennet, runs in a S. E. course, and falls into the Rescobie, and Balgaves, through which it Tweed, 3 miles above Peebles. passes, and receives some tributary streams, LYNE and MEGGET, 2 parishes in Pee- and, after various windings, falls into the bles-shire, united under one charge, though sea at Red-castle. they are far distant from each other. Lyne LUNAN, a river in Perthshire, which is 4 miles long, and 5 broad, and the soil is rises amongst the Grampians, in the parish thin and sharp. Megget is situated in the of Caputh, and at Meiklour falls into the Is- extremity ofthe county, and is 7 miles long, la, 2 miles above its junction with the Tay. and near 6 broad. Population 194. LUNDIE, a parish in Forfarshire, united LYON LOCH, a loch in the W. borders to Foulis-Faster, whish is situated in the of Perthshire, which discharges itself by a county of Perth. The united parish extends river of the same name, and, running 7 miles and a halfin length, and 1 mile and through the long and narrow vale of Glen- a half in breadth. There are several lakes, lyon, falls into Loch Tay, near Kenmore. M

M A

MAALMORIE, a promontory and small shire, but a small part in the county ofBanff, island on the S. E. of the" isle of Hay. bout 9 miles by 2 miles and a half. There MACBEARY, (LOCH) a small lake jn is a small lake, called the Bishop's loch, in Wigtonshire, between the parishes of Pen- which is an island. Population 923. ningham and Kirkowen. The lake dis- MADDERTY, a parish in Perthshire, charges itself by the river Bladenoch into near the head of the vale of Stratherne. the Bay ofWigton. The surface is level, and the soil is in ge- MACDUFF, a considerable town in the neral good. Population 702. county of Banff, the property of the Earl of MADDIE (LOCH), an extensive arm of Fife. the sea on the E. coast of North Uist. MACHA IG LOCH, a lake in Perthshire, MADOES (St.) a parish in Perthshire, si- in the parish of Kilmadock, about a mile in tuated at the western extremity of the Carse diameter. of Gowrie, on the N. bank of the river Tay. M ACHAN Y, a small rivulet in Perthshire, Its surface comprehends a square mile. in the parish of Muthil, which falls into the Population 312. Allan, near Dunblane. MAGNUS (St.) BAY, a safe and com- MACHAR, (NEW) a parish in thedistrict modious bay ofthe mainland of Shetland. of Buchan, situated chiefly in Aberdeen- MAIDEN-PAP, a hill in Caithness-shire, .

MAR 1 : M A u

in the parish of Lathorn, elevated nearly the river Dee and Don, containing 900 2000 feet above the level of the sea. square miles, 39 parishes, and 53,000 in- MAINLAND of SHETLAND is 60 miles habitants. The three great divisions oi'thij long, and in some places 16 broad, project- extensive district are Braernar, Cromar, and ing into the sea with many irregular pro- Mid-Mar. There are some remarkable montories, and indented by numerous bays mountains in the forest of Marr, which are and harbours. The hills are mostly covered partly in Banff, Inverness, and Aberdeen - with heath. Eagles, hawks, ravens, and shires, and are supposed to be the most dis- other birds of prey, are numerous and de- tant from the sea of any in Scotland. structive in this district. Mainland is di- MARTIN, or ISLE MARTIN, a fishing vided into 8 parochial districts, containing Tillage in Ross-shire, on the western coast, about 12,885 inhabitants. about 5 miles N. from the village of Ulla- MAINS, or MAINS of FINTRY, a pa- pool. lish in Forfarshire; formerly named Strath- MARTIN'S (ST), a parish in Perthshire, dighty, being part of the valley through to which that of Cambusmichael is annex- which the Dighty runs in its course towards ed. It is somewhat of a rectangular form, the Tay. It is about 4 miles long and 3 4 miles long by 1 broad, lying on both sides broad at the middle, but is considerably of the Tay, 5 miles N. from the town of narrower at the extremities. The whole Perth. The surface is muchdiversified, and is arable, and the soil fertile. Popu. 112S. the soil is mostly cultivated and improved. MAKERSTON, a parish in the county of Limestone, marl, and freestone, are the on- Roxburgh, 5 miles and a half long, by 4 ly valuable mineral productions. P. 1076. miles and a half broad. It lies on the N. MARTIN'S (ST), a parish in Rcss-shire, bank of the Tweed. The arable land is united to Kirkmichael and Calicudden. rich, fertile, and adapted for every kind of MARTORHAM (LOCH), a lake in the grain. Population 352. parish of Cojlton, in Ayrshire, about a mile MANOR, a parish in the county of Pee- long, and nearly half a mile broad, and falls bles, 9 miles long and 3 broad. The nor- into the river Ayr.

thern parts are hilly and rocky ; but towards MARYBURGH, a smaU village in In- the S. upon the banks of the Tweed, the verness-shire, situated at a small distance soilis excellent, and very productive. Two from Fort William, on the S. sideofLocheil. of the hills, the Scrape and Bollarbum, are MARYBURGH, a small village in Kin- of considerable height. Population 308. ross-shire, in the parish of Cleish, about 5 MARI (LOCH), alakein Ross-shire, in miles S. of Kinross. the parish of Gairloch; about 16 miles long, MARY CULTER, a parish in Kincardine- and from 1 to 2 broad. There are in it 24 shire, situated on the S. bank of the Dee, islands. The lake discharges itself into an and extending from that river to the Gram- arm of the sea called Loch Ew. pians, of an oblong form, 6 miles by 2. Po- MARLIE (LOCH), a small lake in the pulation 700. parish of Blairgowrie adjoining to Loch MARYKIRK, a parish in Kincardine- Clunie. shire, of an irregular square form, compre- MARKINCH, a parish in Fifeshire of an hending 7591 Scots acres, and ljing on the irregular form, comprehending about 7000 N. bank of the North Esk. Its surface is acres. The surface is much varied; the level. There are two villages, Luthermoor, valleys being divided from each other by and Harykirk, each of which contains up- hills of considerable height. It is watered wards of 200 inhabitants. Pop. 1574. by the Leven, and the Lochty and Orr, two MARY PORT, a small port on the'coast trihutary streams of the Leven. The road of Wigtonshire, in the parish of Kirkmaiden. from Kinghorn to Dundee passes through MARYTON, a parish in Forfarshire, on the parish. There are 6 or 7 villages ; of the S. bank of the South Esk, containing which Markinch is the principal, contain- about 3000 acres. Population 473. ing about 700 inhabitants. The parish con- MAUCHLINE, a parish in Ayrshire, wa- tains marl and freestone, and abundance of tered by the river Ayr, from the banks of coal. Population 3981. which the surface rises towards the N. E. MARNOCH, a parish in Banffshire, a- where it is bounded by the parish of Tarbol- bout 10 miles by 4 or 5, bounded on the S. ton. The town of Mauchline is situated on by the river Deveron. The surface is level an eminence near the river, and contains Population 2018. upwards of 1000 inhabitants. Pop. 1871. MARR.adistrictin Aberdeenshire, com- MAULDSLIE LAW, a hill in the parish, prehending that part, which lies betwixt of Carluke, in Lanarkshire. .

MEG n MEL

MAUL FLANNAN, a small island on into St Mary's Loch, after a course ofSmiles. the N. W. coast of Sutherlandshire. MEIG, a river in Ross-shire, which takes MAVISTON, an extensive tract of sandy its rise in the western parts of the county, ground in Morayshire, formerly one of the near the borders of the parish of Lochcvr- richest districts of that county. ron, andfalls into the Lichart, about 5 mile3 MAXTON, a parish in Roxburghshire, before its junction with the Connon. on the S. bank of the Tweed, nearly 4 miles MEIGLE.a parish in Perthshire, in the long, and 3 broad. The soil is partly a strong centre of Strathmore, about 4 miles and a clay, and partly a light loam. Pop. 45S. half long, and from 1 to 2 broad. It is wa- MAXWELL, a parish united to that of tered by the Isla and the Dean, which unite Kelso. about half a mile N. W. of the town of Mei- MAY, a small island in the mcuth of the gle, which is pleasantly situated in the mid- Frith of Forth, 6 miles S. from Crail. It is dle of the parish, on a small rivulet of the about a mile long, and three quarters of a same name, 12 miles N. W. from Dundee, mile broad. It has a well of fine water, a 6 and a half N. E. of Cupar, and 5 and a small lake, and affords excellent sheep pas- half S. W. of Glammis. It contains about ture. It has alight-house, which was for- 300 inhabitants. It has two well attended merly a coal light, but is now changed to a annual fairs. Population 946. revolving oil light. MEIKLY LOCK, a lake in the parish of MAY, a river in Perthshire, which rises in Urquhart, in Inverness-shire, about a mile the Ochil hills, in the parish of Dunning, long, and half a mile broad. It discharges and, after a circuitous course of S or 9 miles, itself into Loch Ness by the small river En- falls into the river Eame, nearly opposite to nerick. the parks of Dupplin-castle. The May, in MELDRUM, a parish in Aberdeenshire, its course, forms several romantic waterfalls, about 5 miles long, and from 2 to 4 broad. particularly the Humble-bumble, so named In the S. part of the parish, the soil is ex- from the noise it makes, and the linn of ceedingly fertile; in the N. part, the soil Mackarsey, where the water is precipitated is thinner and lessfertile. Pop. 1584. over a perpendicular rock about 30feet high. MELDRUM (OLD), a considerable town MAYBOLE, a parish in Ayrshire, in the in the parish of Meldrum, situated about district of Carrick, about 1 1 miles long, and 17 miles from Aberdeen, on the road from 7 broad, watered by the rivers Doon and Gir- that place to Banff. It is a burgh of baro- van. The town of May bole is situated on a ny, governed by 2 bailies. small eminence, around which the hills rise MELGAM, or MELGUNS, a considerable in the form of an amphitheatre. It was e- stream in Angus-shire, which takes its rise rected into a burgh of barony in favour of in the N. W. boundary ofthe parish of Glen - the Earl of Cassilis, in 1516. The principal trathan, and falls into the Isla under the business is the blanket manufacture, in walls of Airly castle. which upwards of 300 persons are constant- MELLERSTAIN, a village in Berwick- ly employed. Population 3162. shire, in the parish of Earlstoun, near which MEAGLE, or MEGHILL, a hill in the is a ridge of hills ofthe same name. parish of Galashiels, in Tweeddale, elevat- MELROSE, a considerable town in Rox- ed 1480 feet above the level of the sea. burghshire. It is pleasantly situated on the ME ALFOURM'HONIE, or MEALFOUR- N. sideofthe Eildonhills. Ithaslongbeen VONIE, a mountain in Inverness-shire, famed for the manufacture of linens. It is •which rises on the W. side of Loch Ness to a free burgh of barony, with a magistracy the height of 3060 feet above the level of elected by the burgesses. The PARISH of the sea. Melrose b 7 miles long, and from 5 to 7 MEARNS, a parish in Renfrewshire, a- broad. The surface and soil are various, bout 6 miles long, by 5 and a half broad, being flat and fertile on the banks of the midway betwixt the towns of Glasgow and Tweed, and hilly and covered with heath Paisley. The surface is beautifully diversi- in the parts farther removed from that ri- | tied. There are 3 small lakes, the largest ver. About a mile S.from the town, is the !

of which is nearly 2 miles and a half in cir- I site ofthe old abbey of Melrose, which was

cuit. Population 1 94 1 founded in 674. The bridge of Drygrange MEDWIN, a small river in Lanarkshire, is thrown over the Tweed at its confluence ] in the town, on which has its rise the parish of Dunsyre. i with the Lauder. Near the MEGGET. Vide Lyne and Megget. S. side ofthe Tweed, is the abbey of Mel- river in Peeblesshire, which rose, one ofthe largi-st and most magnificent MEGGET, a | runs through the parish of Megget, and falls in the kingdom. Population 2G25. t I ^_^ mid : M N

MENGALLY, one of the Hebrides, lying the only eminence deserving notice being 82 miles from the island of Barray, to which the hill of Fare, which is elevated 1793 fee^ parochial district it belongs. above the level of the sea. Pop. 803. MENMUIR, a parish in Forfarshire, a- MIGDOL LOCH, a lake in Sutherland- bout 5 miles long, and about 2 in breadth. shire, in the parish of Criech, about 2 miles The general appearance is flat, especially long, and 1 broad. to the S. and E. but towards the N. it is ve- MIGVIE or MIGVY, a parish of Aber- ry hilly, and covered with heath. The ara- deenshire, united to that of Tarland. ble soil is tolerably fertile. It is watered by MILK, a small river in Dumfries-shire, numerous small streams. Population 949. which takes its rise in the parish of Hut- MERSE, or MARCH, one of the three ton, and falls into the Annan near to the greater divisions of Berwickshire. This dis- church of St Mungo. trict is more fertile than the other two, oc- MILLENWOODFELL, a mountain in cupying that part which extends from the Roxburghshire, in the parish of Castletown, foot of the Lammermuir hills on the N.to elevated about 2000 feet above the le\el of the English border. the sea. MERTAICK, a small island on the W. MILGU Y, a considerable village in Stir- coast of Ross-shire, in Lech Broom. lingshire, in the parish of East Kilpatrick, , aparish in Berwickshire, ex- containing upwards of 200 inhabitants. tending 6 miles in length along the N. bank MILLHEUGH, a small village in the pa- of the Tweed, and from 2 to 3 in breadth. ish of Dal serf, and county of Lanark. The western district is elevated, but the MILLHOUSE, a village in Forfarshire, surface slopes gradually towards the S. Po- 3 miles from Dundee. pulation 555. MILNATHOE.T, a considerable village METHILL, a small sea-port town in Fife- in Kinross-shire, in the parish of Orwell, shire, on the coast of the Frith of Forth, in about 3 miles from the town of Kinross. the parish of Wemyss. MILNPORT, a small village on the S. METHLICK, a parish in Aberdeenshire, W. side of the isle ofthe greater Cambray, 6 miles long, and 5 broad. It is watered by with a good harbour. the Ythan, which falls into the sea 10 miles MILTON, a fishing village in the county below. Population 1215. of Kincardine, and parish of Ecclesgreig. METHVEN, a parish in Perthshire, about MINCH (THE), that arm of the Deuca-

.5 miles long, and 4 broad. The surface is ledonian sea which separates the isle of Sky agreeably varied by hollows and rising from the Long Island. ground. The Almond, which bounds the pa- MINCHMOOR, a mountain in Peebles- rish on the N. and E. possesses many water- shire, in the parish of Traquair, elevated falls, upon which a great deal of machine- 2000 feet above the level of the sea. ry is erected. Population 2073. MINIGAFF, a parish in the stewartry of MET HVEN, a small river in Lanarkshire, Kirkcudbright, 24 miles long, and 12broad. which rises by two branches in the high The greater part is moor, or hills covered lands which divide Clydesdale from East with heath. On the banks ofthe river Cree, Lothian, and in the parish oi'Libberton falls which is here navigable, the soil is rich, and into the Clyde. in many places covered with fine wood. MEY LOCH, a lake in the county of Population 1609. Caithness, in the parish of Canisbay, about MINNIEHIVE, a village in Dumfries- 3 miles in circumference. shire, on the small river Dalwhat, opposite MID and SOUTH YELL, an united pa- to the village of Dunreggan, with which it rish in the island of Yell, in Shetland, about is connected byabridge. The two villages 10 miles long, and 6 broad. Pop. 1576. contain about 400 inhabitants. MID-CALDER. Vide Calder Mid. MINTO, a parish in Roxburghshire, ex- MIDDLEBIE, a parish in Dumfries shire, tending 5 miles and a half in length, by 2 9 miles long, by 4 broad. The surface is di- and a half in breadth. The soil, towards versified with small eminences, and the the river, is alight loam; farther N. it is soil is tolerably fertile. Population 1507. a strong clay, upon a tilly bottom. The MIDDLETON, a small village of Mid-Lo- VILLAGE of Minto is situated near the Te- thian, in the parish of Borthwick, about 12 viot, and contains about 140 inhabitants. miles from Edinburgh. The scenery upon the banks of the Teviot MID-MARR, a parish in Aberdeenshire, is very beautiful in this neighbourhood about G miles and a half long, by 5 and a The elegant and ancient seat of Lord Min- half broad. The surface is in general level, to; the picturesque rocks, called Minto '

M O N M O N

crdigs ; the house of Teviot Bank, Hassen- at its northern extremity, from which it deanburn, with the serpentine windings of gradually lessens in breadth. The surface the river, unite in forming a grand and de- is diversified with several large hills; and lightful landscape. Population 477. a ridge running from E. to W. divides it MIST Y LAW, a hill in Ayrshire, in the into two districts, which vary considerably garish, of Traquair, elevated 2000 feet above in fertility and climate; the southern part the level of the sea. being rich and early, and the northern moist

MOCHRU M, a parish in Wigtonshire, 1 andcold. Another village, Gouldie, con- miles long, and from 4 to 5 broad, on the tains about 170 inhabitants. P. 1236. shores of the bay of Luce. The soil is in MONIMAIL, a parish in Fifeshire, about general various. There is a small harbour 4 miles long, by 3 broad. The surface is in at the fishing town of Port William, which general level, and the soil fertile. P. 1066. admits vessels of 200 tons burden. P. 1113. MONIVAIRD, a parish in Perthshire, to MOFFAT, a parish situated chiefly in which that of Strowan is united. The un- Dumfries-shire, but a small part lies in the ited parish is situated in the upper part of county of Lanark. It is about 15 miles long, Stratherne, and is of a triangular form, 8 and 9 broad. Upon the banks of the rivers miles long by 6 broad. The general ap- Annan and Moifat, which water the parish, pearance is mountainous; Benchonzie ris- there is a considerable extent of meadow ing 2922 feet, and Torleum 1400 feet above and arable laud. The surface is in gene- the level of the sea. Population 1013.

ral very rugged, and the mountains high ; MONKLAND, a district in Lanarkshire. that of Hartfel being S300 feet above the It waslong but one paroLhial charge; but level of the sea. The village of Moffat is in 1840, it was divided into two, called E. situ ited at the head of a plain or valley on or New Monkland, and West, or Old Monk- the banks of the Annan. The principal land. street is spacious, with two good inns and MONKLAND (NEW), the most norther- lodging-houses, which are let to invalids ly parish of Lanarkshire, is about 10 miles during the summer. Moffat has been long long, and 7 broad. The surface is tolera- celebrated for its mineral waters. P. 1619. bly level, rising gently to a ridge in the MOIDART, a district in Inverness-shire, middle from the rivers Calder and Luggie,

situated in the S. W. corner of the county. I which are its boundaries on theS. andN. MOL-MOUNT, a hill in the parish of In this parish is situated the town of Air- Galston, Ayrshire. drie. Population 4618. MONANCE (ST.) formerly named Aber- MONKLAND (OLD),aparish in Lanark- crombie; a parish in Fifesbire, 1 mile and shire, about 10 miles long, and 3 and a half a half long, and 1 broad. It is washed by broad. The soil is in general fertile; and the sea, above which the land rises sudden- the whole is enclosed, and well cultivated. ly, but to no great height. The TOWN of The minerals are coal in great abundance, St. Monance possesses a tolerable harbour, ironstone, and plenty of freestone. The and was formerly a considerable fishing Monkland canal from Glasgow.in this dis- town. Population 522. trict, has been of material service in pro-

MONCRIEF, or MORDUN, a hill in I moting trade and manufactures. P. 5409. Perthshire, in the parish of Dumbarny. MONKTON-HALL, a village in Edin- MONEDIE, a parish in Perthshire, about ] burghshire, in the parish of Inveresk. 6 miles N. W. from the town of Perth, and MONKTON and PRE3TICK, an united about 3 miles square. The soil is various, parish in Ayrshire, extending about 4 miles but tolerably fertile. To the parish of Mo- in length, and in general about 3 in breadth. nedieis annexed the New Parish, or Logie There are 2 villages, Monkton and Prestick. Almond. Population 1157. containing about 250 each. P. 1300. MONIFIETH, a parish in Forfar»hire, MONTBATTACK, one of the Grampian situated on the Frith of Tay. It is 6 miles mountains, in the parish of Strachan, in long, and 3 and a half broad at its S. W. Kincardineshire, elevated 3410 feet above extremity. It is watered by the river Dich- the level of the sea. ty, and several of its tributary streams, MONTEITH, a district, or former divi- which fall into the Frith of Tay, at the vil- sion of Perthshire, comprehending the S. lage of Monifieth. There are 3 villages, W. part of the county. the East Ferry, Monifieth, and Drumstur- MONTEITH LOCH, a beautiful expanse dymuir. Population 1407. of water, in the district of the same name, MONIKIE, a parish in Forfarshire, of a about 5 miles in circumference. It has triangular form, 6 miles long, and 4 broad two islands. M O N ]

MONTQUHITTER, a parish in Aber- tered by the Amond, the Keltie, and the deenshire, about 9 miles from N. to S. 6 Shaggie. Population 1120. from E. to W. about 10 and a half in a dia- , a small parish in Fifeshire, gonal direction. It is watered by 2 consi- being only 2 and a half miles long, by 1 and derable rivulets. By the side of these a half broad, containing 1 100 acres. It lies

streams, the soil is deep and fertile ; but the about 2 miles from Cupar, the county town. seasons are generally late. There is one Population 200. village in the parish, called Cuminestown. MOORFOOT HILLS, a range of moorish In this parish was fought the battle of Len- hills in the southern boundary of Mid-Lo- drum, in whi h Donald, Lord of the Isles, thian. received a final overthrow. Population MORAY, or MURRAY, (COUNTY of,) 1710. formerly comprehended the shires of Nairn, MONTROSE, a royal borough, and sea Moray Proper, or Elgin, and a great part of port town of Angus-shire, sealed on a pen- the shire of Banff. It was anciently ac- insula, formed by the South Esk river. It counted the granary of Scotland. It gives isneatly built. consisting ofa spacious street title of Earl to a branch of the noble family with bye lanes. The houses, if not elegant, of Stuart. are, upon the whole, well built and regular. MORAYSHIRE (PROPER), or Elgin- The principal buildings are, the Old Town- shire,^ the middle district of the ancient

house, repaired as a prison ; the New Town- county of Moray. It is bounded on the N. house; the parish church, the Episcopal by that branch of the German Ocean cal-

chapel, and the lunatic hospital. The har- led the Moray Frith ; on the N. and S. E. by

bour is very commodious, admitting vessels Banffshire ; on the S. W. by Inverness-shire of large burden; and, in the river below and on the W. by the counties of Inverness the town there is safe anchorage. The and Nairn. It extends about 42 miles in principal manufactu e is linen yarn and length, and its average breadth is about 20.

thread ; and the sheeting and sail cloth ma- The southern part, called the district of nufacture have been carried on to a consi- Braemoray, is rocky and mountainous. The derable extent. Montrose has enjoyed the lower parts, towards the N. are rich privileges of a royal borough for about 600 and fertile. The principal rivers are the years. It is governed by a provost, 3 bailies, Spey, Findhorn, and Lossie, all of which a- a dean of guild, treasurer, hospital master, bound with Salmon. It contains two roy- 10 merchant councillors, and 2 councillors al burghs, viz. Elgin, the county town, and

from the trades. It joins with Aberdeen, Forres ; and several considerable towns, as Aberbrothock, Bervie, and Brechin, in Grantown, Garmouth, and Lossiemouth. sending a member to parliament; and it Except freestone, limestone, and marl, no gives tiile of duke, as it did formerly of earl mineial substanceof value has been disco- and marquis, to the chief of the noble fa- vered. Morayshire is divided into 18 pa- mily of Graham. Montrose contains about rochial districts, which contained, in 1811, 5200 inhabitants. The PARISH of MON- 28,108 inhabitants. TROSE is about 3 miles long, and 2 and a MORAY FRITH, a considerable inlet half broad, lying betwixt the mouths of the ofthe German Ocean. From betw een Tar- rivers North and South Esks. A very fine betness in Ross-shire, on the N. and Kin- bridge was built in 1775 over the N.Esk, naird's head, in the district of Buchan, on consisting of 7 arches, and lately a fine the S. it extends in a westerly direction as wooden bridge has been constructed over far as Inverness. Its breadth, opposite to the S. Esk, by the island of Inchbrayock, the point of Arderseir, on which Fort which gives an open communication with George is built, is contracted to about two the south part of the country. The surface miles, above which it expands into a consi- is level, and the lands are well cultivated. derable bay, with safe anchorage. At its Population 7974. extremity it receives the rivers Ness and

MO N YMU i; K, a parish in Aberdeenshire, Beauly. in the district of Garioch, about 7 miles MORBATTLE, a small parish in the long, and from 4 to 5 broad. The arable county of Roxburgh, watered by the rivers land lies mostly upon the banks of the Don. Bowmont and Kail. The village of Mor. The remainder is hilly. Population 900. battle, which contains about 200 inhabi- MONZIE, a parish in Perthshire, about tants, lies about 8 miles E. from Jedburgh. 12 miles long, and 7 broad, lying about 14 Population 785. miles from the town of Perth, and 3 from MORDINGTON, a parish in Berwick- Crieff". It is very mountainous. It is wa- shire, situated in the S. E. corner of the H O K M U county. It is about 4 miles long, and 2 MOTRAY, a small river i | broad at the extremities ; but in the middle which takes its rise in the hill called Nor- it is not above a furlong in breadth. It is I man's Law, in the parish of Abdie, and bounded by the Whittadder on the S. the ' joins the Eden, about half a mile before it banks of which are flat, and of a fertile clay , falls into the bay of St Andrew's.

I soil j but towards the N. the soil is thin aud MOULIN, a parish in Perthshire, situa- moory. In 1650, the parish of Lamerton ted at the junction of theTummel and'Gar- •was annexed to that of M ordington. P. 530. ry. It comprehends two districts, King in

MOKEY, a small island of Argyllshire, Athcle and Strathardle ; the first about 7 4 to 6 in near Lismore. j miles in length, and from breadth,

MORHAM, a parish in Haddingtonshire, ! and the other nearly 6 miles and a half one of the smallest in Scotland, containing I square. The greater part of the parish is Population 254. mountainous. The village of Moulin con- only 1000 acres. j

MORISON'S HAVEN. Vide Acheson's l tains about 200 inhabitants ; and the small Haven. ' village of , on the military road, MORISTON, a river in Invemess-shire, contains about 100. Population 1903. J which rises in Glenshiel, and, passing ! MOUSS, a small river in Lanarkshire, through Loch Cluani, falls into Loch Ness. I which rises in the parish of Pettinain, and, It gives its name to the vale through which after a circuitous course from E. to W, falls j it runs. into the Clyde about a mile below the town MORMOND HILL, a small hill in the of Lanark. | district of Buchan, situated partly in the I MOUSWALD, a parish in Dumfries-shire, parish of Fraserburgh, and partly in that between 4 and 5 miles in length, and 2 in 810 feet. breadth, lying on the side of of Rathen, elevated I the Lochar

MORROR, a district of Inverness-shire, : moss and river. Population 705. lying on the W. coast of the county, be- MOY and DALAROSSIE, an united pa- j

tween Moidart andGlenelg. ! rish in the district of Badenoch, in Inver-

MORTLACH, a parish in Banffshire, of i ness-shire, about 30 miles in length, and irregular figure, 12 miles long, and at upwards of 5 in breadth. The lake of Moy an [ one place nearly as much in breadth. It is is nearly 2 miles long, by three-fourths of a •watered by the Fiddich and Dullan, two mile broad. Population 1483.

rivulets, which are tributary to the Spey, I MUCK, one of the Hebrides, belonging The Deveron also bounds it on the S. BaU to Argyleshire, and in the parish of Small j

veny House is a large and elegant modern ! Isles. It lies 4 miles \V. from the island of as as mansion. Peat is found here, well in ; Eigg, and measures 3 miles in length by 1

almost every other district of Banrl'shire. I in breadth. On the N. side of the island Population 1876. lies Elannan-each, " the island of horses." MORTON, a parish in Dumfries-shire, MUCKART, a parish in Perthshire, of a about b miles long, and 3 and a half broad, triangular figure, 5 miles in length, and containing 6010 Scots acres. The arable from 2 to 3 in breadth. Itlies on the bank*

J soil is in general fertile, and well inclosed. of the Devon, where that river forms the It is watered by the rivers Nith, Carron, romantic falls of the Caldron Linn, &c. and Cample. The village of Thornhill is Population 538, pleasantly situated near the river Nith. MUGDRUM, asmallisland in the river Population 1570. Tay, nearly at the point where the Erne MORVEN or , a parish in joins that river. Argyllshire, extending about 20 miles in MUICK, a small river in Aberdeenshire, length along the Sound of Mull, and 10 rising from a considerable lake of the miles at its greatest brea th. The general same name in the Grampian mountains, appearance is hilly. The inhabited part is and, taking a course through Glenmuick mostly along the coast, where the ground parish, falls into the Dee about 10 miles is under culture. The coast is indented from its source. I with many fine bays. Population 18S3. MUIRAVONSIDE, a parish in Stirling- | MORVEN, a hill in the parish of Lather- shire, situated on the W. bank of the Avon, I

en, in Caithness, elevated about a mile a- i about 6 miles long, and 2 broad. The bove the level of the sea. greater part is inclosed, and the ground is i

MORVEN, a high hill in Aberdeenshire, 1 in general well cultivated. Pop. 1070.

on the borders of the parish of Logie Cold- I MUIRHOUSE, a parish in Forfarshire, stone, supposed to be upwards of 3100 feet about 5 miles from Dundee, on the road { level of the sea. from that plaee to Brechin. It is of small above the | Z ' M U L 1 r M U T

extent, and the greater part is arable. Po- MULLBUY, an extensive ridge of bar- pulation 591. ren bills, running about 16 miles in length MUIRKIRK, a parish in Ayrshire, in the through that district of the counties of Ross district of Kyle. Its general appearance is and Cromarty, which iscalled Ardmeanach- hilly, and the surface is mostly covered with MUNGO (ST.) aparish in Dumfries-shire, heath. The only village is a neat street, at in the district of Annandale, forming a a small distance from the church, situated square of about 4 miles. It is surrounded on the brow of a rising ground, called Ga- on the F. and TV. by high hills. It is wa- ran-hill, which gives its name to the place. tered by the rivers Milk and Annan. Po- Population 2.560. pulation 644. MULL, a large island of the Hebrides, of MUNGO (ST.) a small island in Loch an irregular form, so much indented by Linnhe. arms of the sea, that although its greatest MUNGO (ST.) a hill in Aberdeenshire, diameter does not exceed 35 English miles, in the parish of Huntly, noted for its vol- its circumference, following the high sea canic appearances. water mark, is upwards of500. The aver- MUNLOCHY, a village of Ross-shire, in age breadth is about 12 miles. The sur- the parish of Knockbain. face is generally rough and unpromising, MUSAY, one of the smaller Shetland though there are some fine spots in the isles, on the E. coast of the mainland. sheltered valleys, and at the heads of the MUSSELBURGH, a town in the county salt water lochs, with which the island a- of Mid-Lothian, at the mouth of the Esk, bounds. There are several high mountains, in the parish of Inveresk, about 6 miles E. the most elevated of which is Benmore, con- from Edinburgh. The suburb of Fisherrow, jectured to be upwards of 5000 feet above which is united by two bridges over the the level of the sea. There are two stated Esk, is considered as forming a part of the

ferries across the sound of Mull ; one from burgh, and is under the same magistracy. Aros to Morven, andthe other from Achna- Musselburgh is a very ancient burgh of re- craig to the island of Kerrera, and thence gality, and was once named Musselburgh- to Oban. The only village of any consider- shire. It is governed by a town-council of able size is Tobermory, at the northern ex- IS members, 10 of which are elected from with tremity ; but there are small villages Musselburgh, and S from ' Fisherrow. Out inns at Achnacraig and at Aros. Mull of these, 2 bailies and a treasurer are an- viz. is divided into three parochial districts, nually elected. Betwixt the town and the Kilfinichen, Kilninian, andTorosay, which sea lie the extensive downs called Mussel- also comprehends the adjacent isles of I- burgh Links, on which a race course has colmkill, StarTa, Gometra, &c. containing been constructed. altogether 9220 inhabitants. MUTHIL,aparish in Perthshire, situated MULL (SOUND of,) a narrow arm of the on the borders of the Highlands, between sea, lying between the island of Mull and CnefFand Dumblane. It extends from 8 the mainland of Argyle and Inverness- to 10 miles in length, and from 6 to 9 in shires. It is in general from 2 to 10 miles breadth. The surface is hilly, and the soil broad, and affords safe anchorage for vessels is various. Besides the Erne and theAllan, of any burden. From the sound of Mull, it is watered by the rivulets Machany and LochLinnhe goes off in aN. E. direction, Knaik. The village is pleasantly situated to Locheil at Fort William. in the valley. Population 2SS0. N

NABEE LOCH, a small lake in Moray- ed on the N. by the Moray Frith, and on shire, in the parish of St. Andrew's the other sides by the counties of Inverness Lhanbryd. It is about 3 miles in circuit. and Elgin. The general appearance is very NAIRN (County of,) apart ofthe ancient agreeable, rising into considerable moun- S. towards it county of Moray ; 16 or IS miles long, and is tains towards the but the N. - abundantly fertile, it only 1 at its greatest breadth. 1 1 is bound is level, and the soil N E S N E W

is watered by the Findhorn and Nairn, be- nesting, , and the Skerries, contain- sides several smaller rivulets. It is divided ing about 1941 inhabitants. into 5 parochial districts, containing 8257 NETHAN, a river in Lanarkshire, which inhabitants. It sends a member to parlia- rises in the hills between Lesmahagoe and ment alternately with Cromarty. Muirkirk, and falls into the Clyde near the NAIRN, a royal burgh, and county town, village of Abbeygreen. is situated on the coast of the Moray Frith, NETH Y, a river in lnverness-shire, which at the confluence of the river Nairn. It is rises in the high hills of Badenoch, and falls a neat town, with a small and convenient into the Spey near the church ofAbernethy. harbour. The government is vested in a NEVAY, a parish in Forfarshire, united provost, 3 bailies, a dean of guild, treasurer, to Essie. and 11 councillors. The PARISH cf Nairn NEVIS, a river which rises near Benevis

is 5 miles from N. to S. and li from K. to W. in Inverness-shire, and after a rapid course Along the coast the soil is sandy; on the of S or 10 miles, falls into Lochiel, near river Nairn it is clay; and in the southern Fori William. '221 district it is a rich heavy loam. P. 5. I NEWABBEY, a parishin Kirkcudbright-

NAIRN, a river which rises in the high ! shire S miles long, and 2 broad. A consi-

mountainous district of Badenoch, in In- ! derable part is watered by the Nith, the verness-shire, falls into Moray Friih, are inclosed and the | banks of which and well culti- at the town of Nairn, about 50 milts from vated, the soil being a light loarn upon gra- its source. vel. There is a chain of hills which runs

- NANAUGH LOCH, an arm of the sea, from south-west to south-east ; the highest on the W. coast of Inverness-shire, in the is Criffel. These are, in general, steep and district of Moidart. rocky. There are 3 small lakes, viz. Loch NAOIMPH, a small island on the north Kindar, LoGh End, and Loch Craigend. The coast of Sutherlandshire. VILLAGE of Newabbey is pleasantly built,

- NAOSG, a small island on the 3. coast of on the great road from Dumfries to Kirk- the isle of Hay. cudbright. Population 831. NAVAR, a mountainous parish in For- NEWARK, a barony in Renfrewshire, farshire, united to Lethnot. now united to New Port-Glasgow. NAVER, or NAVERN LOCH, a lake in NEWBATTLE, a parishin Mid-Lothian, Sutherlandshire, in the parish of Far, 6 of an irregular triangular figure, each side

miles long by 3 broad ; from which rises the of which is nearly 4 miles long. The great- Navern river, and falls into the ocean near er part lies in a vale, through which the the promontory of -head. South Esk runs. The soil, which is here in NEATTIE LOCH, a lake in Inverness- some places about 4 feet deep, is rich and shire, in the parish of Kiltarlity, about a fertile. Towards the south, the ground mile long and half a mile broad. rises nearly 700 feet above the level cf the NEARTAY, one of the smaller Hebrides, sea, and forms a ridge, which is continued in the sound of Harris. on one side to the sea. Coal and limestone NEAVIS LOCH, an extensive arm of the abound in this parish. In the vale stands sea, in Inverness-shire, in the district of Newbattle Abbey, a large and elegant mo- Glenelg. dern building, the seat of the Marquis of NELL LOCH, a small lake in Argyleshire, Lothian. Population 1651. The Village the parish of Kilmore and Kilbride, about been allowed to fall into decay, in in | has con- 2 miles long, and half a mile broad. sequence of a change of the line of road , a parish in Berwickshire, which passed through it. A new village has about 4 miles long, and 3 and a half broad. been built about a mile distant, near the Population 395. new road, NESS LOCH, a beautiful lake in Inver- NEWBURGH, a parish and town inFife- ness-shire, 22 miles long, and from 1 to 2 shire, on the S. bank of the river Tay, in the and a half broad. Several rivers pour their N. W. corner of the county. The extent of waters into this lake. the parish is inconsiderable, and its figure NESS, a river which rises from the eas- very irregular, one part being detached from tern extremity of Loch Ness, and falls into the other by the interjection of the parish the Moray Frith at the town of Inverness, of Abdie. The soil is generally fertile. The of which its aestuary forms the harbour. TOWN of Newburgh is aplace of considera-

NESS of Invergordon. Vide Invergordon. ble antiquity ; in 1651, Charles I. granted NESTING, a parish in Shetland, com- a charter, erecting it into a royal burgh. posed of the united parishes of Nesting, Lun. The principal manufacture is the linen, NEW 1 I N I E

» fetch is carried on to a considerable ex- ing built on the old barony of Newark. In tent* The harbour is commodious, and the 1775, the town of New Port-Glasgow and Tay is navigable for vessels of 500 tons up Newark was, by an act of parliament, erect- to this town. The parish of Newburgh con- ed into a burgh of barony, with a council of tains two ancient crosses, called the cross 13 persons. Out of these 2 bailies are elect- of Mugdrum and cross of Macduff. P. 1936. ed. The harbour is excellent, and the trade NEWBURGH, a small village of Aber- carried on is very considerable. P. 5116. deenshire, in the parish of Foreran, seated NEW STEAD, a small village ofRoxburgh'- at the mouth of the Ithan, shire, in the parish of Melrose. NEW BURN, a parish in Fifeshire, on the NEWTON, a parish in Mid-Lothian, near- coast of the Frith of Foith, 3 miles and a ly 3 miles in diameter, bounded on the N. half in length, and 2 in breadth. The soil by Duddingston, on the E. by Inveresk, on is in general fertile, and almost all arable t he S. by Dalkeith, and the W. by Libberton. and inclosed. Population 412. The surface is level, and the soil tolerably NEWBYTH, a village in Aberdeenshire, productive. The whole district lies upon in the parish of King Edward. coal, which has been wrought upwards of NEWHAVEN, a considerable fishing vil- 200 years. Employment is given to nearly lage in Mid-Lothian, about a mile N. W. 300 men, who, as is usual at such works, em- from the harbour of Leith. It is much re- ploy their wives and children in carrying sorted to as a bathing, quarter; and many the coal which is mined to the mouth of the elegant houses have lately been erected. It pit. Nearly 1000 individuals are in this has a convenient stone pier for the accom- way supported by these works. Pop. 1 600. modation of the passage boats, to the Fife NEWTON, a village in Renfrewshire, in coast, &c. and the London steam boats also the parish of M earns. take in and discharge passengers from it at NEWTON, a village in Fifeshire, near full tide. There is an elegant chain pier Falkland, containing 180 inhabitants. at Trinity, immediately to the west of New- NEWTON-DOUGLAS, or NEWTON- haven, supported by chains suspended on STEWART, atown in Wigtonshire, situat-

wooden piles ; it projects GOO feet into the ed on the river Cree, partly in the parish sea, affording depth of water sufficient for of , and partly in that of Pen- the larger steam vessels to receive and dis- ningham. It lies on the highway from charge passengers at all times of the tide. Dumfries to Port Patrick. The inhabitant* NEVVHILLS, a parish in Aberdeenshire, are principally employed in the cotton of an irregular hexagonal form, 6 miles and manufacture. Population 1500. a half in diameter. The surface is diversi- NEWTONSHAW, a village in Clack- fied, and the soil is tolerably fertile. The mannanshire near Alloa, inhabited by the river Don forms the boundary on the N. E work people, employed by the Devon Iron Population 1305. Company. NEW KEITH, a manufacturing villag< NEWTOWN of NEWMILL, a village in in Banffshire, in the parish of Keith. Banffshire, in the parish of Keith. NEWLANDS, a parish in the county of NEWTYLD, or NEWTYLE, a parish in Peebles, situated on the borders of Mid- Forfarshire, about 13 miles long, and 1 Lothian. The surface is diversified with broad, including a part of the Sidlaw hills, hill and dale; and the arable land is tole- ThesurfaceN. of the Sidlaw hills is flat rably fertile. It is watered by the Lyne. and fertile. The VILLAGE of Newtyle in Population 950. situated on the road from Dundee to Mei- NEWMILNS, a considerable burgh of ba- gle. Population 781. rony in the parish ofLoudon, Ayrshire, con- NIBON, a small pasture island in Shet- taining upwards of 1000 inhabitants. land, about a mile N. of the Mainland. NEW PORT GLASGOW, a parish and NIELSTON, a parish in Renfrewshire, town in Renfrewshire. The parish is about of an irregular form, 9 miles long, and a- a mile square, lying on the banks of the bout 5 broad. The surface is tolerably le- Clyde, about i miles above Greenock. It vel, but is divided into districts by a range was formerly a small barony, called Newark, of hills. The low grounds are fertile, but

belonging to the parish of Kilmalcolm ; but the sides of the hills are barren, and cover- it was erected into a separate parish in 1695. ed with heath and moss. There are two The Town is called New Port-Glasgow and small lakes, called Lochilbo and Loch Long. Newark, owing to one part of the town be- Besides the village of Nielston, the parish ing built on the feus granted by the town contains 2 other villages, Barhead and Up- council of Glasgow, and the other part be- larcoor.—These villages are chiefly em- N I S 181 NUN ployed in the cotton manufacture. P. 379G. NOCHTIE, a rivulet in Aberdeenshire, NIGG, a parish in Kincardineshire, at which falls into the Don. theN.E. extremity of the county. The NODESDALE, a river in Ayrshire, which coast is bold and rocfcy. The N. E. point, falls into the Frith of Clyde, at Largs. termed the Girdle Ness, is a remarkable NORAN, orNORIN, a rajiid stream in promontory, forming the S. side of the aes- Forfarshire, which rises amongst the Gram- tuary of the river Dee. There is a small pians, and joins the South Esk, at the bay, called the cove or bay of Nigg. P. 1143. Church of Careston. NIGG, a parish in Ross-shire, about 5 NORMAN'S LAW, a hill in Fifeshire.on miles long, and from 2 to 3 broad. The the borders of the parishes of Abdie and surface is for the most part level, but rises, Criech. towards the N. into a considerable emin- MORRIESTOWN, a village m the parish ence, called the hill of Nigg. P. 1 443. of Kincardine, in Perthshire, joined by a NINTAN'S (ST.), a town and parish in long street to that of Thornhill. Stirlingshire. The PARISH, at a medium, NORTH BERWICK LAW, a conical hill extends 10 miles, and is 6 broad. The in the parish of North Berwick, in East Lo-

greater part of the arable land is inclosed thian , elevated 800 feet above the level of and well cultivated. It is watered by the the sea. Trever, Forth, and Carron; and by a rivu- NORTHFERRY, a village in Fifeshire, let rising from Loch Coulter, which gives situated on the Forth, in the parish ofln- its name to the village of Bannockbum, verkeithing, "opposite to Queensferry, to where Edward II. was defeated. The which there are regular passage boats. TOWN of St Ninian's lies about 2 miles S. NORTHMAVEN, a parish in Shetland, E. from Stirling, and contains about 3500 situated at the northern extremity of the inhabitants. The minerals are coal, lime- Mainland, about 20 miles long, and 12 stone, and sandstone. The manufactures broad. Rona's hill, nearly in the centre, is carried on are chiefly tartan, carpets, tan- elevated 3944 feet above tne level of the ning of leather, and making nails. Popu- sea. Population 2045. lation 6S49. NORTH YELL, a parish in Shetland, NIORT, a small island of Argyleshire, in the island of Yell, united to Fetlar. in the sound of Mull, near the island of NOSS, a small island, lying in the S. E. Merrera, about half a mile in circuit. of the island ofBressay. NITH, a river which takes its rise in the NOSS-HEAD, a promontory ofCaithness, parish of Cumnock, in Ayrshire, and falls 4 miles N. from the town of Wick. into the Solway Frith near Dumfries, where NOTH, a conical hill in Aberdeenshire, its cetuary forms a harbour. Its length, in in the parish of Rhynie and Essie, elevated a direct line, is upwards of 50 miles; but, 1000 feet above the level of the sea. including its windings, is 100. NUNGATE, a suburb of Haddington. NITHSDALE, the western district of It is connected to Haddington by an ele- Dumfries-shire. gant bridge of 3 arches, over the Tyne. NIsBET, a village in East Lothian, in NUNS (ISLE of), a small island of the the parish ofPencaitland. Hebrides, near Icolm-kill.

o

QATHLAVV, a parish in Forfarshire, a- OBAN, a village of Argyleshire, in the bout 5 miles long, and 2 broad, wa- parish of Kilmore, situated on a fine bay, tered by the South Esk river. The gener- in the sound of Mull. It has a bay of a al appearance is flat, rising towards the S. semicircular form, from 12 to 21 fathoms to the summit of the hill of Findhaven, deep, large enough to contain upwards of which is elevated 1500 feet above the le- 500 sail of merchant vessels. There is a. vel of the adjacent country. The soil is regular ferry from Oban to Kerrera island, clayey and moory, and^the climate cold and and from thence to Aehriacriag, in the U» moist. Population 384. land of Mull. ORB 1 O R N ~ • OCHIL HILLS, a range of lofty moun- ORDIQUHILL, a parish In Banffshire, tains, which begin in the parish of Dun- about 4 miles long, and 3 broad. P. 510. blane, in Perthshire, and stretch for many ORINSAY, a small island of the Hebri- miles in an eastern direction into Fife. des, betwixt the islands of Boreray and The highest hill is Bencloth, 2420 feet a- North Uist. bove the level of the sea. ORKNEY ISLANDS, the Orcades ofthe OCHIDTREE, apanshin Ayrshire, about ancients, forming the southern division of 6 miles long, and 5 broad, watered by the the . They are separated Lugar, and Burnock. The surface is pret- from the mainland of Scotland by the Pent- ty level, undulated by gently rising hil- land Frith. These islands are about 30 in locks; but towards the S. it swells into number, divided into IS parishes, contain- higher ridges. The VILLAGE of Ochiltree ing about 24,000 inhabitants. Pomona, or is situated about 1 1 miles S. E. from Ayr. Mainland, is the largest. The next in size, Population 1308. are Ronaldsay, Swinna, Flota, , OCKEL, a river which rises in the pa- Sanda, &c. Several of the others are small rish of Assint, in Sutherlandshire, and, af- and uninhabited. The numerous straits ter a course of upwards of 20 miles through have exceedingly rapid and dangerous Ross-shire, falls into the head of the Frith currents; and near the small island of Swin- of Dornoch. na, are the two great whirlpools called the OICH LOCH, a lake in Inverness-shire, Wells of Swinna, which are particularly about 4 miles long. dangerous to mariners. The general ap- OICH, a river which rises from the east- pearance of the islands is hilly and rocky. The climate in is ern extremity of Loch Oich, and discharg- summer moist and cold ; es itself into Loch Ness. in winter there is little snow, which lies OLA (St.) Vide Kirkwall and St. Ola. but for a short time. In the Orkneys, dur- OLDCASTLE. Vide Collistown. ing the months of June and July, the inha- , a parish situated bitants can see distinctly to read at mid-

partly in Berwickshire, and partly in Had- night ; but in the same degree, the days in dingtonshire, about 6 miles long, and from December and January are short; there is 2 to 3 broad. The ground rises gradually scarce a tree or plant to be seen, but this from the east coast towards the Lammer- barrenness cannot be attributed to the po- muir hills. The VILLAGE is distant 7 verty of the soil or the climate, as many miles from Dunbar, on the road from thence trunks of large oaks are to be found in all to Berwick. Population 595. the mosses, the whole district is well sup- OLD MACHAR. Vide Aberdeen (Old.) plied with lakes and rivulets. The quad- OLDNF.y, a small island of Sutherland- rupeds are, small horses, black cattle, sheep, shire, on the W. N. W. coast, belonging to swine, rabbits and red deer. The heaths the parish of Assint. It is about a mile long, abound with the usual game found in the and a quarter of a mile where broadest, and Highlands. The wild fowl are eagles of has two small harbours. various kinds, wild geese and ducks, herons, OLRICK, a parish in Caithness-shire, a- hawks, gulls, solan geese, swans, gannets, bout 4 miles long, and on an average two &c. The sea coast swarms with seals, and broad. The surface is diversified with some otters, and is visited by , cod, ling, inconsiderable eminences. The sea coast haddocks, tusk, and many other kinds of is rugged and shelving, but affords a safe fish. The manufacture of kelp, is the most harbour for shipping at the bays of Dunnet valuable, and considered the staple commo- and Murkle. In the PARISH there is a dity of Orkney. The supplying the ships Jake, called the Loch of Durran, about 3 with fresh provision forms a great part of rhiles in circumference. Population 1127. the trade. The women are mostly engage OPSAY, a small island in the sound of ed in the straw manufacture for the Lon- Harris. don market. The isles of Orkney and Shet- ORONSAY, a small island on the W. land compose one stewartry, and send one coast of the isle of Skye, peninsulated at member to parliament. P. about 24,000. low water. ORMISTOUN, a parish in Haddington- ORBAN SAY, a small island of the He- shire, about 5 miles long, and 3 miles and brides, between Barry and South Uist. a half broad, lying on a branch of the river ORD, a river of the isle of Skye. Tyne. The VILLAGE of ORMISTOUN ORDIE LOCH, a small lake in the parish consists of two rows of houses, parallel to of Dunkeld, Perthshire, about 2 miles in each other. Population 766. circumference. ORNASAY. a small island on the S- O R W o y n

coast of the isle of Sky, covering a fine har- OS RIM, a small island on the S. coast of bour of the same name in the parish of the isles of Hay. . OUDE, a small river in Argyleshire, ORNAY, one of the smaller Shetland which takes its rise from Loch Trailig, in isles, lying between Yell and Mainland. the braes of Lome, and falls into Loch Mel- ORONSAY, a small fertile island of the fort, in the parish of Kilninver. Hebrides, in the parochial district of Jura OVERSAY, a small island of the He- and Colonsay. brides, about 2 miles S. from the isles of , a parish in the island of Po- Colonsay. mona, in Orkney, about S miles long, and , a small inhabited island of Shet- from 2 to 3 broad. There is a lake called land, in the parish of Tingwall, about 4 the Loch of Kirkbister, about 3 miles in cir- miles W. from the town of . cuit, situated at the N. Western extremity. OXNAM, a parish in Roxburghshire, of The small island of Cava belongs to this pa- an irregular rectangular figure, 9 miles rish. Population 764. long by 4 broad. It is watered by nume- ORR, a rivulet in Fifeshire, which rises rous rivulets, particularly the Coquet, the in the parish of Beath, and falls into the Jed, the Kail, and the Oxnam. Pop. 688. Leven. OXNAM, a river in Roxburghshire,

ORRIN, a river in Ross-shire, rising in which rises in the parish cf Oxnam ; and, theS. W. borders, and falls in the Connan after a course of about 12 miles, falls into at the church of Urray. the T eviot. ORRICK, a hill in Fifeshire, near Burnt- , a parish in Aberdeenshire, in the island. district of Garioch, of an irregular square ORWELL, a parish in Kinross-shire, figure, the extreme points of which are 3 or sometimes called , from the 4 miles distant in every direction. It is principal village, in which the church is si- watered by the Don, the Ury, the Shevock, tuated. It is nearly 5 miles square. The and the Gadie, all of which contain trout. soil is fertile, and more'.than one half is in- The parish is in general fertile. Popula-

closed. Population 2036. I tion 5 1 S.

P A I P A

JJ ABAY, a small island of the Hebrides, seats of Scotch Manufactures, has only of -*- about 8 miles from Barray, I mile and late years risen to importance. It is now a half long, and 1 broad. (1829), the fourth in rank as to population, PABBA, a small island, 2 miles from the of the Towns in Scotland. The Burgh, or isle of Skye, about a mile long, and three- old town of Paisley, stands on the W. bank fourths of a mile broad. of the river Cart, and runs in a direction PABBAY, one of the isles which com- from F-. to W. upon the southern slope of a pose the district of Harris. It is nearly cir- ridge of hills, affording a delightful pros- cular, and about 2 miles and a half in dia- pect of the City of Glasgow, and the adja- meter. cent country. The new town , consisting PAISLEY, a manufacturing Town, in of many streets, occupies a level surface on

Renfrewshire, seated on the banks of the the eastern side of the Cart ; it is laid out river White Cart about three miles above its on a regular plan, and contains a great junction with the river Clyde. It has ac- many handsome buildings. To the E. W. quired great celebrity, as being the seat of and N. of the town, are suburbs with dis- most extensive and flourishing manufac- tinct names, as Will iamsburgh, Charleston, tures. Paisley is 7 miles W. from Glasgow, Maxwellton, &c. Besides the abbey church, 16 miles and a half S. E. of Greenock, 3 S, Paisley contains four other churches belong- of Renfrew, the county town, and 51 miles ing to the Establishment, Tiz. the High W. from Edinburgh. This very flourishing church, on the Oxshaw Head, a large and town, distinguished as one of the principal elegant fabric, with a spire 161 feet high. P A I 184 P A I

The middle church, St George's church, a fuers in the construction of their houses. It new and elegant building, and the Gaelic had a stone with an inscription, which is pre- church. It contains also places of worship served in one ofthe houses in Lawn Street- belonging to the following Dissenters, viz. The abbey church is one of the most an English chapel, 5 churches of the united interesting public structures of whish Pais- Secession, 2 relief, 1 reformed presbytery, 3 ley can boast, and serves as the parochial independent, 1 original burgher, 1 metho- church of the abbey parish ; it contains ma- dist, and J Roman catholic chapel. The ny ancient monuments, and sepulchral in- Charity house is a large building opposite to scriptions. The choir is levelled to within the Quay, in an open situation, supported a few feet of the ground, but the N. tran- by a small assessment on the inhabitants. sept is more entire, and exhibits in its large The Castle is an extensive public building, northern window, a venerable relic of an- containing spacious and elegant rooms for cient ecclesiastical magnificence. This county and burgh meetings, public offices, church was repaired about 37 years ago. At &c. acountyjail, a debtor's jail, a bridewell, the S. E. corner of the church is an Aisle, and prison chapel. The coffee-room at the probably the private oratory of the Monks, Cross, is an elegant building here also stands now the burying place of the family ofA- the steeple of the former town house. The bercorn; it is 48 feet by 24, and in the opW public coffee-room is a most elegant apart- nion of Mr Penant, " is by much the great- ment, amply provided with all the London est curiosity in Paisley;" this he says in and provincial newspapers, magazines, and allusion to its remarkable echo, which was other periodicals : this elegant room is libe- in his time one of the finest in the world. rally thrown open to strangers. The public The revenues of this abbey were the rich- buildings and institutions in Paisley are too est in Scotland, comprehending a great deal numerous to be described. Besides the of property in every part of the kingdom, town's hospital, there is a house of recovery, besides the tythes of 2S different parishes. a grammar School, which is a royal founda- The Chronicon Clugniense, or the black tion, 4 established Schools, Hutchison's book of Paisley, so often referred to in Scot- free school, and 4 charily schools, supported tish history, was a chronicle ofpublic affairs by legacies and subscriptions. There are and remarkable events, kept by the monks public subscription libraries, one of them of this abbey. The municipal government entirely theological, a philosophical Insti- of the town is vested in 3 bailies, a treasur- tution, a mechanic'sinstitution, with an ex- er, to\vn-c!erk, and 17 councillors, annually tensive library, medical and surgical socie- elected. The bailies are, ex officio, justices ties, a number of sabbath schools, a roman of the peace. Paisley enjoys all the privi- catholic school, several bible societies, and leges of a royal burgh, except that of par- other benevolent institutions. There are liamentary representation; the freedom is many friendly societies, and a merchant, more easily procured than in royal burghs, and an episcopalian benevolent society. which is one great cause of its astonishing The abbey of Paisley, of which the abbey increase aud rapid extension. It received church and the aisle are almost the only re- its first charter of erection, from James IV. mains, was founded in the year 1160, by in the year 14SS, having at that period been Walter, great steward of Scotland, as a pri- erected into a burgh ofbarony. There is a ory for monks of the order of Clugni. It well regulated police establishment for both was afterwards raised to the rank of an Ab- old and new town, and many distinguished bey, and the lands. belonging to it were, by improvements have been introduced ; the Robert the Second, erected into a regality, lighting of the streets with gas was effect- under the jurisdiction of the Abbot. Af- ed in 1S24, and the town has now a better ter the reformation, the Abbey was secular- supply of water than formerly, by means of ized, and in 1588, erected into a temporal pipes. The river White Cart, on the banks lordship, in favour of Lord Claude Hamil- of which Paisley is situated, runs from south after ton, third son of the Duke of Chatelherault, I to north, and falls into the Clyde, join- who was created Lord Paisley. The build- ing the rivers Gryfe and Black Cart at Inch- ings of the Abbey were greatly enlarged innan bridge, about 3 miles below thetown. and beautified in 1481, by George Shaw, From some obstructions in the river, which then Abbot, who surrounded the whole pre- could not be removed, it was found neces- cincts with a noble wall of hewn stone. This sary to construct a small canal to obviate wall stood till 1781, when the garden be- these inconveniences. This work was com- ing feued by the late Earl of Abercorn for pleted in 1791, at an expence of L.4000, building upon, the wall was used by the and so great has been the advantages of ;

PAL 185 PEE

this canal, that vessels of from 40 to50tonB PANBRlDEVa parislTin Forfarshire, si- burthen can come up to the town, where tuated at the mouth of the Frith of Tay, a- there are two commodious quays. The Ar- bout 5 miles and a half long, and 2 broad.' drossan canal passes along; the south side of The appearance is flat, with a considerable the town, and has a basin and wharfs; it declivity from the N. to the sea. It is wa- crosses the White Cart, about a mile above tered by a stream, which runs at the bottom Paisley, by a beautiful aqueduct bridge of of a valley called Battle's Den. There are one arch. Paisley has long been celebrated several villages. Population 15S3. for its manufacture of all kinds of fancy PANNANACH, a village in Aberdeen- goods, and at this period is the acknowledg- shire, in the parish of Gleninuick, noted for ed and unrivalled seat of this manufacture. its mineral waters. These waters are said In delicacy of texture,— -variety and ele- to resemble the Seltzter water in Germany. gance of pattern, the goods of Paisley have PAPA-STOUR, a small island of Shet- no competitor in the market, and are well land, about a mile W. of the Mainland, in known and appreciated all over Europe. the parish of Walls and Saddness. It is a- Silk, Cotton, Wool, Src. and admixtures of bout two miles long, and one broad. these materials, are here made in endless PAPA-STRONSAY, a smaii isiand of variety, and to a boundless extent. Soon Orkney, about 3 miles in circumference. after the union of the kingdoms, the trade PAPA-WKSTRAY, an island of Orkney, of Paisley began to be considerable, in the of an oval form, about 4 miles long, and I manufacture of bengals, coarse checks and broad. handkerchiefs, which found a ready mar- PAPS of JURA, 4 mountains in the is- ket, and were much esteemed in England land of Jura, which are conspicuous at a. at this time the trade was chiefly managed great distance. Their names are, Beinn- by pedlars. About the year 1 7G0, these ar- achaolais, Beinn-anoir, and Corra-bheinn. ticles were succeeded by the manufacture PARTON, a parish in the stewartry of of muslin, lawn, linen, gauze, and white Kirkcudbright, of a square form, compre- thread. About the same time the silk ma- hending about 20 square miles. The ground

nufacture was introduced ; since the decline is very unequal, and the surface is covered of this last article, about the year 1784, the with heath and furze. The cultivated lands cotton manufacture has been carried on to are on the banks of the Ken, which unites an extent unknown before. The cotton with the Dee about half a mile from the spinning mills are numerous, and weaving village. by hand and power looms, employs a great PARKHE"VD, a village near Glasgow. proportion of the population. The calico Population 700. printing works, bleachrieMs, and dye works, PARKHOUSE, a -village near Glasgow.

are many, and upon a large scale ; there are Population 500. two large distilleries, breweries, tan- works, PATHHEAD, a village in Fifeshire, in soap, allum, and copperas works, &e. There the parish of Dysart. It is situated on the is a greatquantity of printing andbookwork face of a hill, and nearly extends to Kirk- carried on in Paisley; there are two well caldy, and is divided into two districts, cal- conducted weekly newspapers, the Paisley led Bunnikier and Sinciairtown. Advertiser, and the RenfrewshiieChronicle, PAXTON, a village on the banks of the and lately, small periodicals have been Tweed, in Berwickshire. Pop. 270. printed and issued in shoals from the Pais- PEATHS.orPESE, a bridge in the pa- ley press. There are two banking compa- rish of Cockburnspath in Berwickshire, on nies in the town, viz. the Paisley Banking the road betwixt Berwick and Dunbar, built Company, and Paisley Union Banking Com- in the year 1786. It is 300 feet long, 15 pany, a branch of the Commercial Bank of wide, and measures from the top of the rail- Scotland. Theweekly market-day is Thurs- ing to the bottom of the burn 126 feet. day, and annual fairs are held on the third PEEBLES-SHIRE, or TWEEDDALE, Thursday in February and May, on the se- extends 36 miles in length, and in general November place extending to 16. cond Thursday in August and ; 10 in breadth, in one Berwick, St James's Fair of Paisley is the greatest of It is bounded on the E. and S. E. by is held for by Dumfries- these fairs, and each of them 5 and Selkirkshires ; on the S. on days successively. Population of the town shire; on the W.by Lanarkshire; and the and the abbey parish, about 51,000. N. by Mid-Lothian. It is a hilly country, PALDIE, or PALDIEKIRK, a small vil- well watered by the rivers Tweed, Yarrow, other streams, on lage in the parish of Fordou Kincar- I.eithen, and a number of is fertile, and diueshire. the banks of which the soil A A PEE 1 PEN

adapted [for any kind of husbandry. The late as the reign ofthe James's, there -was a county contains only one royal burgh, Pee- mint here, where Scotch gold was coined bles, and is divided into 16 parishes, contain- to a considerable amount. The site of the ing 9935 inhabitants. mint is still distinguished by the name of

PEEBLES is an ancient royal burgh, and the Cunzie Neuk, i. e. money comer. The the county town of Peebles-shire, delight- government of the town is vested in a pro- fully situated on a fine plain on the north- vost, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, a treasurer, em bank of the river Tweed, over which is and 12 councillors, annually chosen on the an ancient stone bridge of five arches. A first Monday after the 29th of September. little to the west of this bridge, the Tweed It joins with Lanark, Linlithgow, and Sel- is joined by the Eddlestoneor Peebles water, kirk, in returning a member to Parliament. from the north, (over which there is also a Peebles is a presbytery seat; and Sheriff bridge), which divides the old from the new courts are held every Tuesday. The free- town. Peebles lies 22 miles south of Edin- holders of the county meet annually oh the burgh. It consists of one principal street, 30th April, and on the 30th of Septernber, and the Northgate. The public buildings for the dispatch of public business; and the are handsome structures, andelegant beyond lieutenancy meet hereannually in the month what is often met with in small towns. The of September, for filling up, and correcting church erected in the year 1782, on the site the militia lists of the county. The town of of the old castle, stands on an eminence at Peebles has been long and deservedly cele-

the west end of the High street ; it is built brated for the excellence of its schools, and of hewn stone, and has a lofty spire. The still maintains its reputation. The manu- town hall contains commodious apartments factures of Peebles consist chiefly of stock- for the sheriff court, county meetings, &c. ings, and a number of weavers are employ- The tontine is a very handsome building of ed by the Glasgow manufacturers. There modern date, and has a spacious assembly, is an extensive brewery in the vicinity of the room, fitted up with great taste. The jail, town, long famous for the excellence of its Mason's lodge, two meeting houses belong- ale. There is a well managed library, seven

ing to the Secession church, and the gram- benefit or friendly societies ; and a thriving mar schools, are likewise handsome build- bank for savings, under the management of ings. Of the ancient buildings of Peebles, the magistrates. The royal company of ar- there remains the ruins of the Church of St chers, or King's body guard of Scotland, Mary, with its steeple entire, standing in meet here annually, to contend for the prize the centre ofthe church-yard, and the ruins of an ancient silver arrow, given to the best of Crosskirk, built by Alexander III. in 1257, marksman by this burgh. The weekly mar- dedicated to the Holy Cross, and St Nicho- ket is held on Tuesday, and annual fairs las; the steeple of this church is also entire. are held on the second Tuesday in March, The approach to Peebles from the north, is the second Wednesday in May, the first by the street called the Northgate. Eddie- Tuesday in July, the Tuesday before the stone water runs along the south side of 24th day of August, the first Tuesday in the town on the east, and its junction September, the 17tb day of October, and the with the Tweed, forms an angular point of first Tuesday before the Pith day of Novem-" land, which is the termination of the new ber. Population in 1821,2705. town to the west. Here stands the parish PEFFSR, a rivulet, which rises in the pa. church, jail, and town mills. The old town rish ofAthtlstaneford, Haddingtonshire, and is also situated on the northern bank of the falls into the Frith of Forth, near Aberlady. Tweed, divided from the new town by Ed- PEFFER, a river in Ross-shire, in the pa- •dlestone water. A few years ago, Sir John rish of Fodderty, which falls into the Frith Hay bart. of Smithfield and Hayston, erect- of Cromarty. ed an elegant wire bridge over the Tweed, PENCAITLAND, a parish in Hadding- in a most romantic glen, about a mile be- tonshire, 4 miles long, and 4 broad. The low the town, which facilitates the commu- soil is in general wet and clayey. It is wa- nication with his estate, lying on both sides tered by the Tyne, -which divides it into two of the river, and is, at the same time, a much equal parts. There are four villages, con- admired ornament to the grounds. There taining about 180 inhabitants each. P. 925. is no charter extant, by which the date of PENNELLHEUGH, a hill in the parish the erection of Peebles into a royal burgh ofCraiiing, Roxburghshire. A monument can be ascertained, but the probability is, has lately been erected on it, in memory of that it was early in the reign of Alexander the battle of Waterloo by the Marqius of II. the munificent patron of the town. So Lothian. 2

P E is; PER

PENNINGHAM, a parish in Wirtonshire, PENTLAND SKERRIES, several small at the N. Eastern extremity. It is abcut 16 islands at the E. end'of the Pentland Frith^ iles long, and from 5 to C miles and a half on the largest of which is a . road. The greater part ofthe parish is moory PERTHSHIRE, one of the largest coun- a nd uncultivated. Upon the Cree, which ties of Scotland, extending 77 miles in a bounds the parish on the E. stands the thriv- straight line, from Blairgowrie on the E. to ing village of Newton-Douglas. There is a the top of Benloi on tbe W. and 68 miles be- beautiful bridge over the Cree at the N. end twixt the Frith of Forth at Culross, on the of the town, which connects the shires of S. and the boundary of the Forest of Athole Wigton and Kirkcudbright. Population on the N. at the source of the Tilt. It is

2567. bounded on the E. by the eountj of Forfar ; PENNYCUICK, a parish in Mid-Lothian, on the S. E. by the Frith. ofTay, and the about 9 miles S. VV.of Edinburgh, on the counties of Kinross and Fife ; on the S. by borders of Peebles-shire. It is from 1 1 to 1 the Forth, and the counties ofClackmannan miles long, and 6 broad, watered by the river and Stirling; on the S. W. by Dunbarton- Esk, which, rising in its western extremity, shire; on the W. by the county of Argyle; on runs through its whole extent. Towards the N. W. by the county of Inverness ; and the N. border, the parish includes a consi- on the N. by a part ofthe same county, and derable part of the Pentland hills. The vil- that of Aberdeen. It comprehends the dis- lage of Pennycuick is situated on the Esk. tricts of Athole, Breadalbane, Monteith, In the vicinity there is a cotton mill and 2 Stratheme, Stormont, Balquidder, Gowrie, paper mills. Population 1705. Rannach, and Perth Proper; all which di- , a parish in Dumfries-shire, visions, previous to the jurisdiction act of 21 miles long, and on an average 5 broad. 1 748, were stewartries, andunderthe here- The surface rises with a gentle ascent from ditaryjurisdiction of the great proprietors. the S. E. towards the N. W. where its ele- Like all Highland Countries, Perthshire a- vation is 3500 feet above the level ofthe sea. bounds with lakes and rivers, which occupy The whole district is mountainous, and di- extensive valleys, lying between lofty moun- rided by 4 steep ridges, forming three nar- tains. The 2 greatest rivers are the Tay and row glens, in each of which run 3 large Forth, which collect many streams in their streams : of which the Scarr and the Shin- course to the German Ocean. Some of the nelarethe most remarkable. The village highest mountains in Scotland rear their of Penpont contains about 110 inhabitants. cloud-capt summits in this county. There PENTLAND FRITH, the strait which are only two royal burghs in this large coun- separates the main-land of Scotland from ty, Perth and Culross. There are many con - the Orkney Isles. It is only 12 miles over, siderable towns which formerly enjoyed but in it the sea runs with such force by the these privileges, besides several burghs of meeting of so many tides, that no wind is barony, and about 60 other considerable vil- able to support a vessel against the current. lages. Coal is found in the southern parts In the Frith are several whirlpools, called of it, and limestone is wrought in many parts the Wells of Swinna, near the island of Swin- of the Highland district. The mountains na. The navigation is rendered more ha- on the N. and W. are chiefly granite. Free- zardous by the island of Stroma and the stone of the best quality is abundant. A Pentland Skerries, which lie near its middle. copper mine has been wrought in the parish

Near the N. side of the former island there of Logie, on the banks of the Forth ; and a is a dangerous whirlpool, called the Swalchie lead mine was carried on some years near of Stroma. At the S. side of the same isle Tyne-drum in Breadalbane, and another in is another dangerous place, in which the Glenlyon. Perthshire is divided into 76 waves are dreadfully agitated, called the parochial districts, which contain about Merry Men ofMay. To render the naviga- 156,000 inhabitants. tion more safe, a lighthouse is erected on PERTH, or St Johnston's.'is a large and the Pentland Skerries, which lie nearly in very ancient Royal Burgh, the capital of the middle of the E. end of the Frith. Perthshire, and the ancient capital of Scot- PENTLAND HILLS, a ridge of hills, land. It is situated on the W. bank of the which begin about 4 miles W. of Edinburgh, Tay, at the opening of an extensive plain, and extend a considerable way towards the surrounded in the vicinity by the most pic- western borders of Mid-Lothian. In the turesque hills, to the S. and W. and having valleys between them run several romantic in the distance to the N. a view ofthe sub- streams, particularly the North Esk, Glen- 1 ime amphitheatre of the Grampians. It is eross, and Logan waters. 43 miles and a quarter N. of Edinburgh, by ' ;

^tteenrferry, 21 miles and 5 quarters W. by ral philosophy, chemistry, arithmetic, - S. of Dundee, 61 miles N. by E. of Glasgow, graphy, logic, and the principals of univer- and 15 S. of Dunkeld. Perth is more regu- saljjrammar; these are taught by the Rec-

larly built than any old town in Scotland ; it tor and his assistant, french, Spanish, italian,

has 4 principal Streets, running E. and W. and german languages : writing and book- these are crossed by others at right angles, keeping, and drawing and painting. The but the pricipal Streets from N. to S. leads to High School has long been a renowned Se- the Bridge. The extensive grounds ancient- minary of classical education. There are 3 ly belonging to the monastery of Black Friars English schools, themasters of which liavesa has been laid out within the last SO years, laries, arid are appointed by the Magistrates. on a regular plan, for a new town, and is The new county-rooms, and Jail, are among rapidly rilling up with handsome houses. the most prominent of the public building* Rose Terrace is a beautiful range of build- of Perth; the architecture is grecian, and ings, in the centre of which is the academy, the front to the river is considered one ofthe with the river and north Inch in front. To most handsome in Scotland; the whole is the S. of the old town, new Streets are also built of beautiful free stone. It contains the laid out. The City of Perth is regularly and Justiciary Hall, the Sheriffs Court, and substantially built, the principal streets are Clerk's Rooms, and an arched fire-proof broad, well paved, cleaned, and lighted with room, for security of the Town's records,

Gas. The public buildings are al 1 handsome, &c. and an elegant Assembly or Ball-room. and many of them possess a high degree of Immediately to the westward, and in the

architectural ornament. Most of the very rear of this edifice, is the new prison honse ; re- it contains . old parts of the burgh have recently been two Jails; the southern division built, and the Streets improved and embel- is fitted up as a debtor's jail, with suitable

erection of conveniences ; . lished by the handsome modern the northern division is ap-

• houses. In fact, the city of Perth is the propriated for a felon's jail, embracing all neatest, and most regular built town in Scot- the late improvements in prison discipline. land, if we except the new town of Edin- The Coaler's house is at the entrance gate,

• burgh ; the town occupies a space of about from which a subterraneous passage con- 1 mile and a half in circumference- The ducts the prisoner to the bar of the court church of St John the Baptist, situated be- room. The exchange coffee room is situat-

tween the High Street and the South Street, ed in George Street ; it is a very spacious Is a very ancient structure, originally built room, andelegantly fitted up. It is liberal-

cross ; it has been almost ly supplied with . in the form of a en- the London, Edinburgh, tirely rebuilt at different periods. It has a and provincial newspapers, magazines, re- high tower and a clock; in the tower, there views, and periodicals. The Free-mason's is a set ofmusical bells, covered by a portico, Hall, built in 1818, on the site of the old and an antique spire surmounts the whole. parliament house in the High Street, is a This church is fitted up for 3 places of wnr- handsome building. An elegant little thea- ship, called the E. W. and middle churches. tre has been lately erected in Athole Street, , It was in this Church that John Knox it ia neatly and appropriately fitted up with preached his first Sermon against Idolatry, great taste. At the top of George Street, before some of the nobles, on Thursday the near the Bridge, a most elegant monument 11th May 1559; and by the indiscretion of a has been recently erected to the memory Priest, a mob was raised which destroyed all ofthe tate worthy provost Marshall ofPerth. the Monasteries and religious houses in the The interior contains the public Library town and neighbourhood. A weekly Ser- rooms, and the Museum of the Literary and mon has been regularly preached upon Antiquarian Society; this building was e. Thursday ever since that time. At the W. rected by private subscription. The Royal end of the High Street, stands a very elegant Lunatic Asytum is a large oblong building, Chapel of Ease, called St Paul's Church now open for the reception of patients. It these 4 churches, with the Gaelic Chapel, be- is situated in a park of 12 acres, on the a- longing to the Independents, 2 in connexion clivity of Kinnoul hill, with a delightful with the United Secession, 2 Relief, I Asso- vie w of the Grampians, the Tay, and the ciate Synod, 1 Original Burgher, 1 Metho- surrounding country. The funds for its e- dist. The English Chapel in Princes Street, rection, was bequeathed by a Mr Murray, a is a small, but neat building. The academy native of Perth, and will contain one hun- in Rose Terrace, is a large and elegant dred patients. The town's hospital, or building, adorned with massy pillars in poor house, situated near to the west end

front ; here are taught mathematics, natu- of South Street, was founded and endowed ;

• P E K by King James the sixth, by charter under trades bailie, treasurer, eight merchant the ereat seal, dated 29th July 1 587, out councillors, four trade's councillors, the of the lands, houses, and duties, belonging eight deacons of the incorporated trades, to the popish religious establishments; it town clerk and chamberlain. The town stands upon the site of the ancient Carthu- court sits every Tuesday and Saturday, and sian monastery. There are three charita- the town council meet on the first Monday ble establishments, called the Lethendy ofevery month. Perth joins with Forfar, mortifications; the first in 1660, provides Dundee, Cupar, and St Andrew's, in re- for the maintenance of four persons of sixty turning a member to parliament. Perth years of age, belonging to the burgh of is the second in rank to the metropolis, and Perth; the second in 1686, to support one the seat of a Synod and Presbytery. It was poor person of the name of Jackson, failing erected into a royal burgh, by William the

a poor relation of the Lethendy family ; and Lion ; the charteris dated at Stirling, 10th the third is a burthen on the same lands for October 1250; at that period it was reckon- special purposes. Perth contains several o- ed the capital city ofthe Scottish kingdom, ther valuable and well supported charitable and it is called the City of Perth, in several institutions, viz. the Perth dispensary, a so- public documents in the reign of James the ciety for the education of the deaf and Sixth. Prior to the reign of the Stuart fa- dumb, a destitute sick society, a female so- mily, Perth was the usual residence of the ciety fir the relief of indigent old women. Scottish monarchs. Fourteen parliaments --Perth bible society, was begun in 1812. were held here between the years 1 '^10, and There is also several male and female 1459. King James I. was murdered here, schools for educating the children of the in the monastery of the Black Friars, on the poor, all conducted on liberal and enlight- 21st February 1157, by Robert Graham, ened principles. Perth is among the first who gave him 28 wounds, and his Queen provincial towns in Scotland, for literature two, in defending him. In 1 545, five men, and the fine arts. There are many valua- and a woman, were burnt here for heresy. ble institutions for these purposes, of the The tide from the German Ocean, flows up most respectable description. The " liter- the Tay, two miles above the town. At ary and antiquarian society of Perth," was spring tides, vessels of 100 tons burden can founded in 1784. The society possess a come up to the quay. The shipping inter- large collection of valuable coins, medals, est is very considerable, and upon the in- and manuscripts, besides a variety of na- crease; ship-building, rope making, &c. is tural curiosities. The bridge of Perth forms carried on. There are several shipping the communication with the burgh of Kin- companies, whose vessels are engaged in the noul, commonly called Bridge-end, from its coasting trade with Glasgow, Dundee, Leith local situation. The palace of Scoon, which and Newcastle, eight of these vessels are in lies on the banks of the Tay, above Perth, the London trade. Perth is a port of the was the ancient residence of the Scottish Custom house. Great improvements are kings, the place of their coronation, and projected upon the river, by forming a ba- the scene of many splendid actions. Here sin and canal to convey goods to the town was the famous stone seat, used as the co- when the state of the river, from swells or ronation chair of the pictish monarchs, pri- low tides, prevents the regular approach, — or to the reign of Kenneth II., who brought as also by deepening the river, and remov- it to Scoon, where it remained as the co- ing obstructions. These improvements are ronation chair of the succeeding Scottish much wanted. The salmon fishings on the kings, till 1296, when Edward I. carried it Tay, in the vicinity of Perth, are extensive, to England. The bridge was begun in 1766, producing an annual rent of L.7000; the and finished in 1772, it consists of ten ar- salmon are sent to London, either packed ches, one of which is a land arch ; the whole in ice, or pickled, the latter method is most length is upwards of 900 feet, its breadth is common. Linen was formerly the staple 22 feet ; it is founded upon piles of wood, manufacture of Perth, but has of late years ten feet below the bed of the river. given At the place to that sf cotton ; nearly 5000 west end of Athole Street, are the barracks, looms are employed on ginghams, shawly, built in 1795, fitted up originally for 200 muslins, and other cotton fabrics, exclusive cavalry, but now converted into infantry of those looms employed in the neighbour- barracks, capable of containing a regiment hood, whose produce are sold in the Perth of 1000 men. The town is governed by a market. There are several large manufac- provost, who is also sheriff" and coroner, a tures of leather, boots, shoes, and gloves; dean of guild, three merchant,' and one for which articles Perth has long beenenul 1

PET 190

nent. A newspaper called the Perth Cou- ofwhich 5000 are arable, and 2000 moor of rier, was begun here in 1810, and continues moss. The sea-cost extends about 4 miles, to maintain its reputation. There are two and comprehends the two bays of Peter- banking companies in Perth, ---the Perth head and Ivernettie, and three promontor- bank, and the Perth Union bank, besides ies of Sattie's-head, Boddom-head, and Keith branches of the bank of Scotland, and the Inch. Besides the fishers who reside in the British Linen Company. The weekly mar- town of Peterhead, there is a considerable ket-day is Friday, and a cattle market is fishing village at Boddom. There are two held on the South Inch, same day, from the old castles, viz. Old Craig, or Raven's Craig, third Friday in December, to the middle of and Boddom Castle, situated on apeninsn- June. A horse market is held also on the lated rock, perpendicular tq the sea, which South Inch, on the first Friday of May an- washes its base. Population of the town nually. Fairs are held on the first Friday and parish 449]. in March, the first Friday in April, first PETTINAIN, a parish in Lanarkshire, a Friday in July, first Friday in September, miles long by 2 broad, lying on the banks of the third Friday in October, and the second the Clyde. About 1700 acres are arable, and Friday in December. Population by the the remainder is hill and pasture. The vil- census of 1821, was 19,068. lage of Pettinam, which contains about 100 PETER CULTER, a parish in Aberdeen- inhabitants, lies on the Clyde. P. 430. shire, about 8 miles long, and 6 broad. The PETTY, a parish in Inverness-shire, ly- surface is rugged and uneven, with hills and ing on the S side of Moray Frith, about S valleys, rocky eminences, and marshy flats miles long, and 4 broad. The greater part interspersed. On the banks of ihe Dee, and is flat and level, but rises by a gentle slope the rivers which join their waters to it, the towards the S. The arable soil, which is soil is tolerably good. Population 871. nearly two thirds of the parish, is in general PETERHEAD, a considerable sea-port light and sandy. Population 15S5. town and parish in Aberdeenshire, in the PHILLAN'S, (ST.) VideForgan. district of Euchan. The town is situated PITCAIRN-GREEN, a village in the pa- on a peninsula, about 1 mile S. of the mouth rish of Redgorton in Perthshire. of the , and is the most easterly PTTCAIRN(NEW), a village in Perth- Scotland. shire, point of land in The peninsula I in the parish of Dunning. on which the town is built is connected with PITCAITHLY, or PITKEATHLY, a the country on the N, W. by an isthmus village in the parish of Dumbarny, in Perth- yards broad. The town is built shire, noted for its mineral waters. It is si- only 800 j nearly in the form of a cross, and is divided tuated in a sequestered corner of the vale of into four districts, which are connected with Stratherne, surrounded with rich and fertile each other by continued streets; these dis- fields. The accommodations for the inva- tricts are called the Kirktown, Ronheads, lids are good. There are 5 mineral springs,

j Keith Inch, and the town properly called all of the same quality, but of different de- Peterhead. The houses are commodious grees of strength. and elegant. Near the head of the princi- PITLOCHRY, a village in Perthshire, jn pal street is an elegant town-house. The the parish of Moulin, situated on the great Keith Inch divides the harbour into a N. military road from Perth to Inverness, about and S. haven. Upon the Keith Inch there 6 miles from the famous pass of Killierankje. are many elegant houses ; and on the S. side PITSLIGO, a parish in Aberdeenshire, a- an old castle, built in the beginning of the bout 3 miles and a half long, and 3 broad, 16th century, by George Earl Marischal. lying along the coast of the Moray Frith.

Near it is a small fort, with 8 guns. Peter- The face of the country is level ; the soil head is a burgh of barony, holding of the partly clay, and partly a light loam, both ex- Governors of the Merchant Maiden Hospi- tremely fertile. There are two fishing vil- tal of Edinburgh as superiors. The govern- lages, Pittaly and . Pistligo, ment is vested in a bailie and eight coun- Castle is an ancient building. P. 1256. cillors, Peterhead is much frequented in PITTALY, a fishing village on the coast Rummer for its opportunities ofsea-bathing, of the Moray Frith, in the parish of Pitsligo and the mineral wells, which havelong been containing about 120 inhabitants. justly famed. The strongest is called the PITTENWEEM, a royal borough and sea Wine Well, from the water sparklingin the port in Fifeshire, situated on the coast ofthe glass like Champagne. The parish of Peter- Frith of Forth. It was constituted a royal head extends around the town to the S. of borough in 1547, by a charter from King the Ugie, comprehending about 7000 acres. James V. The parish i,s about a mile and FOR 1 P O R

a quarter long, and half a imle broad. The of an irregular figure, 7 miles, long, and in surface is flat, and the soil a fertile black some places 5 broad. The surface is vari- loam. Population 1072. ous. There are two villages, viz. Portmoak , a small island on the E. side of and Kinnesswood; the former containing the island ofArran, upon which alight house 300, and the latter 170inhabitants. P. 1151. has been lately erected. PORT-NA-HAVEN, a fishing village in POLGAVIE, a village in the parish of the island of Hay, in theparishof Kilchomau. Iliehture, in the Carst of Gowrie. PORTNOCKIE, a fishing village in Banff- POLLOCKSHAVVS, a populous village in shire, in the parish of Rathven. Renfrewshire, about 3 miles and a half PORTOBELLO, a considerable village, in from Glasgow. the parish of Duddingston, three miles E. of POLMONT, a parish in Stirlingshire, a- Edinburgh, on the coast of the Frith of boat 5 miles long, and 2 broad, bounded on Forth. This village is situated in a beauti- the N. by the Forth, by the Avon „n the E. ful surrounding country, sheltered from the and intersected by the gTeat canal. A con- west by Arthur's Seat and Salisbury Crags, siderable extent of the parish is a rich carse which have a gradual slope to the sea. The ground, rising towards the 6. into dry field. agreeable softness of the sandy beach, the The VILLAGE of POLMONT contains a- purity of the air, the convenient distance bout 250 inhabitants, and gives the title of from Edinburgh, the advantage of a post Baron to the Duke of Hamilton. P. 2194. three times a day, and the facility of com- POLWARTH, a parish in Berwickshire, munication by means of the numerous of atriangularform, each side ofwhichisa- coaches constantly passing and re-passing, bout 5 miles in length. The VILLAGE of have rendered it one of the most desirable Polwarth contains about 200 inhabitants. places of resort for summer fashionables, as Population 291. well as for the valetudinarian. It has ac- POMONA, or MAINLAND, the largest cordingly been much frequented for sea-ba- of the Orkney islands, being 30 miles long, thing; and, of late years, the demand for and from S to 10 broad, but intersected by lodgings, which are well suited for the ac- numerous arms of the sea. The soil is in commodation of bathers of all ranks, has general fertile, but unsheltered by either been on the increase. The building for hot plantations or enclosures. It has one royal and cold baths is very commodious, and well burgh, viz. Kirkwall, the head town of adapted for the purpose to which it is ap- the stewartry, and the large village ofStrom- propriated. A neat chapel belonging to the ness, at both of which places are safe har- Established church, was erected in 1810; bours. and recently, there have been added, two PONICLES, a small river in Lanarkshire, Episcopal chapels, and a chapel in connexion which falls into the Douglas, a few miles with the United Associate Synod, all hand- above its junction with the Clyde. some edifices. Excluaively of the brick and PORT, or PORT of MONTEITH, a pa- tyle works, there are manufactories for ear- rish in the district from which it takes name. then-ware, various preparations of lead, In the northern parts, the surface is rocky, blacking, varnishes, mustard, &c. The sta- mountainous, and covered with heath; but tionary population, which, in 1821, was the southern parts are more level, and to- 1912, has since increased, and with the ad- wards the banks of the Forth, exceedingly dition of summer residents, may be reckon- fertile. Population 1569. ed upwards of 3000. PORT-ALLAN, a small village and har- PORT-PATRICK, a town and parish in bour in Wigtonshire, in the parish of Sorbie. Wigtonshire, situated on the coast of the PORTEAS V, a fishing village in the pa- Irish sea. Jt is the nearest point of Great rish of Ruthven, Banffshire. Britain to Ireland, the distance being only PORT-DUNDAS, a village in Lanarkshire, 21 miles. The passage from it to that king- 3 miles from Glasgow. dom being the best, is much resorted to. PORT-KESSOCK, a small port on the The parish is about 4 and a halfmiles square. coast of Wigtonshire, in the parish of Kirk- The surface is uneven and hilly, the highest maiden. eminence, Cairnpat, being elevated 800 feet PORT LEITHEN, a small fishing village above the level of the sea. The town of in Kincardineshire, near the promontory of Port-Patrick is delightfully situated, with a Girdleness. fine southern exposure, and surrounded on PORT-MAHALMACK, a small harbour the other side by a ridge of small hills in the 'in Ross-shire, in the parish of Tatbat. form of an amphitheatre. The castle of PORTMOAK.a parish -in Kinross-shire, Dunskey stands on the brink of a trcrrten- | PRE 192 dons precipice on the coast of the Irish Sea. bean, in Kirkcudbrightshire, and was for- Population 1090. merly a burgh of regality. PORTREE, a parish in Invemess.shire, PRESTON, a village in the parish ofPres- in the island of Sky, including the islands tonpans, in Haddingtonshire. of and , 9 miles in length, PRESTONK1RK, a parish in the county and 3 in breadth. The surface is agreeably of Haddington, about 7 miles in length, and diversified with hills, valleys, and plains. from 2 to 4 in breadth, watered by the river The coast on the sound which separates Tyne. The surface is agreeably varied, and Sky from the mainland is very rugged, ris- the soil is fertile and well cultivated. ing towards the N. to a stupendous height. PRESTONPANS, a town and parish in The principal hill is called Fingal's sitting Haddingtonshire, on the coast of the Frith place, which rises in a conical shape to a of Forth, about 5 miles long, and 1 broad. great elevation. The town of Portree is The town of Prestonpans, named Salt Pres- admirably adapted for trade, and prosecut- ton in the beginning of the last century, is is excellent a burgh of barony, and a port of the custom- ing the fisheries. Its harbour and well sheltered. Population '2216. house. It received its charter of erection PORTSETON, a sea-port village in Had- in 1617, in favour of Sir John Hamilton, by dingtonshire, on the Frith of Forth, lying which the village of Preston, about a mile between Prestonpans and Musselburgh. distant, is included in its privileges. It is PORT-SKERRY, a village and harbour noted for its extensive manufactures, parti- in the cularly salt, stone and earthen ware. The on the N. coast of Sutherlandshire, revenue arising from the manufacture of parish of Reay. PORTSOY, a considerable sea-port town salt in Prestonpans, Cockenzie, and Cuthel, of Fordyce, about amounts to about L. 18,000 annually. The in Banffshire, in the parish on a point oysters of Prestonpans have long been held 7 miles from Banff. It is situated Moray Frith, in great estimation, particularly those dredg- of land projecting into the vessels of con- ed near the salt pans, and from thence call- -which forms a safe harbour for in- ed Pandore oysters. The town consists of siderable size. It contains about 1000 a street about a mile and a half length, habitants. in PO RT-WI LLI AM, a small village in Wig- but the houses in general have an antiquat- ed appearance. The harbourof Prestonpans, tonshire, in the parish of . PORT YARROCK, a harbourin Wigton- called Morrison's haven, is situated a little Whithorn. to the W. of the town. Near the ancient shire, in the parish of POTTECHLOCH, an arm of the sea, on village of Preston, a battle was fought in September 1745, with great success on tha the W. coast of the isle of Sky. PREMNAY, apariihin Aberdeenshire, part of the rebel army. Population 1995. Pop. 486. PRIMROSE, orCARRINCiTON, aparish in the district of Garioch. Edinburgh shire, about 3 miles and a half PRESS, a village in Berwickshire, and a in Edinburgh to Eng- long, and 2 broad. It is bounded on the S. sta"e on the road from and 12 N.from and S.E. by the South Eskriver.from which land, 14 miles S. of Dunbar, the surface rises with a smooth ascent to Berwick. burgh the Pentland hills, which bound it on the PRESTICK, or PRIESTWICK, a of Ayr, in the united N. The village of Primrose is pleasantly si- of barony in the county Prestick. The tuated, and contains about 150 inhabitants. parish of Monktown and burgh of barony PROSEN, or PROSSIN, a riter in An- charter erecting it into a James VI. gus-shire, which takes its rise in the N. W. was renewed and confirmed by extremity of the parish of Kirriemuir, and in 1600. the Carity about half a mile from tha PRESTON. Vide Bonkle and Preston. joins castle of Invercarity. PRESTON, a village in the parish of Kirk- Q

in Shetland, on the the county of Peebles, QUARFF, aparish AI R , a stream in QU the islands .of Bresiay, course in Mainland, united to v. men rises and hasits whole ' Buna, Havera, House, and Noss. the parish of Tiaquair. QUE 193 Q U O

QUARRELTOWN.a village in theneigh- QUEENSIDELOCH, asmalilakein the bourhood of Paisley, in Renfrewshire. parish of , in Renfrewshire. QUARRY-HEAD, a promontory on the QUEICH LOCH, a small lake in Inver- N. E. coast of Aberdeenshire. ness shire, which discharges itself by ariver QOEENISH, a" small village in the island of the same name into Loch Garry. of Mull, on the estate of Mr Maclean. QUEICH, or QUEEGH (North and South), QUEENSBERRY HILL, a hill in the pa- two small rivulets in Kinross-shire, which rish of Closeburn, Dumfriesshire, elevated discharge themselves into Loch Leven. 2000 feet above the level of the sea. It gives QUENDAL VOE, a safe harbour near the the title of Duke to the family of Douglas. southern extremity of the mainland of Shet- QUEENSFERRY, sometimes called South land. Queensferry, a royal burgh in Linlithgow- QUINZIE, a small rivulet in Stirlingshire, shire, on the coast of the Frith of Forth, a- which joins the Kelvin in the parish of Kil- tout 9 miles W. of Edinburgh. It received syth. its name from Margaret, queen of Malcolm QUIVOX (ST.) a parish in Ayrshire. la Canmore, who frequented the passage ofthe this parish is the village of Wallace town, Frith, at this place, and was the great pa- containing about 1000 inhabitants. There troness of the town. The Town consists of are 2 elegant mansions, Auchincruive and one irregular street, with small houses, chief- Craigie. Population 2070. ly inhabited by seafaring people. It derives QUOTHQUCN, a parish in Lanarkshire. its consequence from the ferry over the Frith Vide Libberton. of Forth. The breadth of this passage is a- QUOTHQUON LAW, a hill in the pari»h bout 2 miles. Queensferry is a royal burgh, of Libberton, in Lanarkshire. On it is a and unites with Stirling, Dunfermline, In- large rough stone, hollowed in the middle, verkeithing, and Culross, in sending a mem- called Wallace's chair. ber to parliament. Population 558. R

RAN

TJA, or BEINN REAY, a mountain in miles long, and from 3 to 5 broad, lying on f* Sutherland, in the parish of Reay, the E. bank of the river Findhorn. The elevated about a mile above the level of the chief mansions in the parish, are Blervie, sea.. Altyre, and Burgee. The only piece of an- RAASAY, a considerable island of the tiquity worthy of remark, is the standing Hebrides, lying between the mainland of pillar near Forres, commonly called Swen- Scotland and the Isle of Sky, about 12 miles iio's stone. It is allowed to surpass in ele- long, and from 2 miles and a half to 5 broad. gance and grandeur all the other obelisks in The coast on the W. rises with a gentle as- Scotland. It is 3 feet 10 inches broad, and cent t» a great height, but, on the E. side, it 1 foot 3 inches thick; the height above

is high, and nearly perpendicular. The is- ground is 23 feet ; below, as it is said, 12 oc land is hilly, and better adapted for pasture 15. Population 1030.

than tillage ; but there are several spots fer- , a village in Perthshire, in the pa- tile and well cultivated. At the N. end, on rish of Kil spindie, in the old road from Perth the E. coast, stands Castle Broichin, a well to Dundee. known land-mark to sailors. The rock on RAMS A, a small island of Argyleshire, in which it stands is nearly round, covering an Loch Linnhe, near Lismore. area of little more than 70 feet square. It RANNOCH, a mountainous district in is 40 feet high, except at the place where Perthshire, lying betwixt Athole and Breads the stair leads up to it. The base of the albane, noted for its extensive fir woods.

Tock is about 60 feet above the level of the RANNOCH (LOCH,) a lake in the < is- sea. This island is annexed to the parish of trict of Rannoch, about 12 miles in length, Portree, and the county of Inverness. and from 1 to 2 broad. It receives the wa- RAFFOKD, a parish in Elginshire; S ters of the Gair at its western extremity, 1>J4 and discharges itself by the Tummel, which in Perthshire, about 6 miles long, andon an passes through the district of Athole, and average 2 broad ; extending in an irregular falls into Tay at Logierait. figure along the rivers Tay and Almond. In RANSA (LOCH>, a safe harbour on the this parish the famous battle of Loncarty N. E. coast of the isie of Arran. was- fought, at the end of the 10th century, RASAY, a small river in Ross-shire, betwixt the Scots and the Danes, in which which discharges itself into the Conon, in the latter w ere completely defeated. Popu- the parish of Contin, about 8 miles before lation 2009. that river discharges itself into the Frith RED-HEAD, a remarkable promontory of Cromarty. in Angus-shire, in the parish of Inverkeilor, RATHEN, a parish in Aberdeenshire, a- which rises on the W. side ofLunan bay, to bout 7 miles long, and at a medium 2 broad. the height of 550 feet perpendicular to the It possesses two creeks, on which are built sea. 2 fishing villages, each of which contains a- RENDALL, a parish in Orkney, united bout 2(10 inhabitants. Population 1588. to Evie, situated on the Mainland. Popula-

RATHO, aparish in Mid-Lothian , about tion 1415. 4 miles long, and 3 broad, lying in the mid- RENFREW-SHIRE. This county ex- dle between the Pentland hills and the tends about 28 miles in length from E. to Frith of Forth. The E. part is flat and fer- W. and is from 10 to 24 in breadth. It is

tile, but the ground rises gradually towards bounded on the E. by Lanarkshire ; on the theWV Population 987. S. by the county of Ayr; and, on tbe remain- RATHVEN, a parish in Banffshire, ox- ing sides, is washed by the Frith of Clyde, tending 19 miles in length, along the Mo- which, sweeping round its extremity, forms ray Frith, and from 3 to 5 miles in breadth. several beautiful creeks and bays, on 3 of There are 4 considerable fishing villages, which are situated the port towns of Green- viz. Buckie, Porteasy, Findochty, and Port- ock,- Gourock, and Port-Glasgow. Besides xiockie. Population 1734. the Gryfe the county is watered by the RATTRAY, a parish in Perthshire, a- White and Black Carts, which- 3 rivers unite bout 4 miles long, and 2 broad, lying on the at Inchinan-bridge, about 3 miles from Pais- N. bank of the river Ericht. The village of ley. Renfrewshire contains 1 royal burgh, Rattray is pleasantly situated on the Ericht, viz. Renfrew the county town; several large and contains about 200 inhabitants. Tothe towns, as Paisley, Greenock, and Port Glas-

S. E. of the village, on a rising ground cal- gow ; and a number of villages. The coun- led the Castlehill, are the vestiges ofthe an- ty is dividedinto 17parochial districts,which

cient castle of Rattray j and about 2 miles in 1811, contained 92,596 inhabitants. N. of the village is Craighall, seated on a rock RENFREW, the county town, is pleasant- 100 feet perpendicular. Population 880. ry situated on the river Cart, about 5 miles RATTRAY-HEAD, a dangerous promon- W. of Glasgow, and 3 N. from Paisley. It tory in Aberdeenshire, in the parish of Cri- consists of 1 narrow street, about half a mile mond. It lies about 7 miles E. from Kin- in length, with bye-lanes. The principal riaird's-head, upon which a light-house has branch of trade is the thread, but there are lately been erected. Near it formerly stood also extensive soap and candle works. Ren- the burgh of Rattray. —There are now no frew was erected into a royal burgh by King remains of this ancient burgh, except the Robert II. who had a palace there. It is

shapel, around which it was built. governed by a provost, 2 bailies, and 1 6 coun-

RAYNE , or RAIN, a parish in Aberdeen- cillors. In conjunction with Glasgow, shire, in the district of Garioch, of nearly a Dumbarton, and Rutherglen, it sends a square figure, each side of which is about 2 member to Parliament. It contains up- miles. The parish is watered by the river wards of 1500 inhabitants. The parish of Ury. Population 1220. Renfrew is of an irregular figure, extending RAYNE, or RAIN (OLD) a small post 3 or 4 miles in length in every direction. town in the parish of Rayne, in Aberdeen- All the lands are inclosed, and well culti- shire, on the road from Aberdeen to Huntly. vated. Population 2305. REA"V a parish situated partly in the RENINGAY, a small island near the W. county of Sutherland, but the greater part coast of the isle of Mull. lies in the county of Caithness, 17 miles in RFNTOWN, a large manufacturing vil- length, and from 8 to 9 in breadth. It is lage in Dunbartonshire, in the parish of watered by the river Halladale and Forse.--- Cardross, sontaining about 1200 inhabitants. Bopulation 240G. RERRICK, a parish in the stewarty of aBDGORTON, or REGORTON, a parish Kirkcudbright, about 10 miles long, and 6 .

RIG 195 R O S broad, lying on the coast of the Solway RINARY, a small island, on the S. coaft Frith, at the mouth of the river Urr. The ofthe isle of Hay.

-surface is very rugged and uneven. On the ; ROAG (LOCH,) an extensive arm of the N. stands Bencaim, a lofty mountain, sur- sea on the W. cocst of the island of Lewis.

rounded with small ones, Population 1224. I ROAN, or ROHN (LOCH,) a small lake, RESCOBIE, a parish in Forfarshire, of an in the stewartry of Kirkcudbright, and pa-

j irregular figure, comprehending about 16 rish of Crossmicbae!. or 18 square miles. Population 920. ROAN. VideEALAN NAN ROANS. RESORT (LOCH,) an extensile arm of ROBERTON, a parish in the counties of

the sea en the W. coast of the island of i Roxburgh and Selkirk, at the western ex- Lewis, forming the division between Lewis tremities of these shires, about 13 miles long, and Harris. and 6 broad, watered by the small river RESTALRIG, an ancient barony and pa- Borthwick, and the river Ale, besides sever- rish in Mid-Lothian,now united to S. Leith. al small lakes which give rise to these The church of Restalrig stands in a hollow streams. Population 647. plain, about a mile E. of the city of Edin- ROBERTOUN, a parish in .Lanarkshire. burgh. Vide WISTOWN. RESTENET (LOCH,) a small lake in the ROBERTOUN, a village in the parish of county of Angus, in the parish of Forfar. Wistown, on the W. bank ofthe Clyde. On its banks, or rather on an island, stood a ROGART, a parish in the county of Suth- priory and church, dependant onthe monas- erland, about 10 miles square. The surface tery of Jedburgh, where papers and effects is very irregular, being composed of two val- -of value were secured from the English. leys, Strathfleet and Strathbrora, about 5

The steeple andchancel are still entire ; the miles distant from each other, the interja- former is about 70 feet high. The chancel cent space being a group of rocky hills. Po- is unroofed, and serves as a burying place pulation 2148. for the family of Dempster. RONA, a small island in the northern o-

I RHOE (MICKLE,) one of the Shetland cean, supposed to be the farthest to the N. Isles, situated on the S. of the Mainland, and ; W. of any part of Europe, being situated 16

belonging to the parochial district of Delt- ' leagues N. W. from the Butt of Lewis. It is

ing. It is about 24 miles in circumference. I about a mile long, and half a mile broad. RHOE (LITTLE,) a small island in the RONA, a mountain in Shetland, on the ] neighbourhood of Mickle Rhoe. Mainland, in the parish of Northmaven. RHONHOUSE, or RONE-HOUSE, a vil- RONA, a small island of the Hebrides, ly- lage in the stewartry of Kirkcudbright, in ing between Benbecula and North Uist. the parish of Kelton RONALDSHAY (NORTH,) a small is- RHYNE and ESSIE, an united parish in land of the Orkneys, about two miles long, Aberdeenshire, of nearly asquareform, com- and 2 broad, 2 leagues N. from the isle of prehending a superficies of 30 square miles. Sanday. It belongs to the parish of Cross -It lies in the district of Strathbogie, being and Burness. watered by the river which gives name to RONALDSHAY (SOUTH,) the most that lordship. Population 6.76. southern of the Orkney islands, 6 miles long RHYNS.or RINNS of GALLOWAY, a and 5 broad. It possesses several excellent peninsula of Wigtonshire, formed by the ap- harbours, particularly Widewall bay on the proximation of the bays of Loch Ryan and W. side, and St. Margaret's Hope at the Glencoe. northern extremity. At the latter of these RICCARTON, a small village in West is a considerable village.

Lothian, about 5 miles S. from the town of . RONALDSHAY (SOUTH) and BUR- Linlithgow. RAY, an united parish in Orkney, compre- RICCARTOUN, a parish in Ayrshire, a- bending the islands | of South Ronaldshay, liout 6 miles long, and 2 broad. The surface , and Swinna, besides^ uninhabited is level, and the whole is arable and well in- islets, viz. Gilmtholm, Horda, and the Pent- closed. It is watered by the river Irvine, land Skerry. Population 1S-S1. and by a small tributary stream, called the RONAY, an island of the Hebrides, lying Cessnock. The village of Riccartoun is al- between the Mainland of Scotland and the most separated from the suburbs of Kilmar- Isle of Sky, belonging to the parish of Por- nock by the Irvine. Population 1840. tree. It is about 4 miles long and 2 broad. RIGGor HUNTER'S BAY, a small bay ROSEHEARTY, a fishing village in A- on the coast of Wigtonshire, in the parish of berdeenshire, in the parish of Pitsligo, t Sorbie. miles W. from Fraserburgh. ;

R O S 196 R O U

ROSEMARKIE, a parish in Ross-shire, The whole aspect of the country is rugged about 6 miles long, and 3 broad, lying on and mountainous. The principal rivers are

the shore of the Frith of Cromarty. The the Conon and the Orrin ; the Beaulie, which Town of Rosemarkie was erected into a forms its boundary with Inverness-shire, and royal burgh by Alexander II. but, in 1744, the Ockel, which is the boundary with Suth- ft was united to the town of Chanonry. Po- erland. This county contains 3 royal burghs, pulation 1512. viz. Dingwall, Tain, and Fortrose. It is di- ROSENEATH, the most westerly parish vided into 50 parochial districts, (including of Dunbartonshire, about 7 miles long, and the island of Lewis,) and contains 53,525

2 broad, formed by Loch Long on the W . by inhabitants. Ross-shire sends one member the Frith of Clyde on the S. by Loch Gair to parliament, and gives the Irioh title of on the E. and united on the land side to the Earl to the family of Gore. parish of Row. The soil is various, and on ROSSIE. VidelNCHTURE. the coasts well cultivated, but the higher ROSSKF.EN, a parish in Ross-shire, the grounds are covered with heath. There are inhabited part of which extends about 10 2 bays, Callwattie and Campsoil. Pop. 74S. miles in length, from the coast of the Frith ROSLIN, a small village in Mid-Lothian, of Cromarty, and about 6 miles in breadth in the parish of Lasswade, about 7 miles S. but the mountainous district extends much by W. of Edinburgh, a place of general re- farther. There is a considerable village at sort for the inhabitants of Edinburgh during the Ness of Invergorilon, from whence there the summer season. Roslin is remarkable are regular ferry boats over the Frith to Cro- for an ancient chapel and castle. The out- marty. Population 2390. side ofthe chapel is ornamented with a va- ROTHES, a parish in Morayshire, lying riety of ludicrous sculpture. The inside is on the N. bank of the Spey. The soil is in 69 feet long, by 34 broad, supported by two general dry and sandy, degenerating into rows of clustered pillars, about 8 feet high, moor in the northern parts of the parish. with an aisle on each side. The capitals of The VILLAGE of Rothes, on the Spey, con- the pillars are enriched with foliage, and a tains about 300 inhabitants. Pop. 1605.

variety of iigures ; and amidst a heavenly ROTHESAY, or ROTHSAY, a royal concert appears a cherubim blowing the burgh and parish in the county ofBute. The highland bagpipe. The Prentice Pillar, as town is excellently situated for trade, hav- it is called, is a piece of matchless workman- ing a fine harbour at the bottom of an ex- ship, for "which, as the story goes, he had his tensive bay. The burgh of Rothesay was brain's beat out by his master. This chapel enfranchised by King Robert III. in the year Ras never been finished, only the chancel 1 400, when its castle was the royal residence. and part of the transept was built. Roslin It unites with Ayr, Irvine, Inverary, and castle is situated on a peninsulated rock, on Campbelltown,in sending a representative a deep glen, andis accessible only by abridge to parliament. The PARISH of Rothesay ofgreat height. Roslin was sometime ago is about 10 mileslong, and from 3 to 4 broad, created a British Earldom in the person of occupying tbe N. end of the island of Bute, the late Lord Loughborough. A new chapel and indented with 4 bays, viz. Rothesay, of Ease, belonging to the establishment, was Kaimes, Keils, and St. Ninians, all of which erected a few years ago. afford safe anchorage. Rothe-ay gives the ROSS-SHIRE, one of the most extensive Scottish title of Duke to the of counties in Scotland, being 80 miles long, the crown. Population 4970.

and nearly the same broad ; expending from ROTHESHOLM, or RODNUM-HEAD, the eastern to the western seas, taking in a promontory on the S. W. coast of the is- the whole breadth oftbe island, and having land of Stronsay. theinsular district of Lewis politically an- ROTHIEM AY, a parish in Banffshire, a- nexed to it. It is bounded by the county of bout 8 miles long, and 6 broad, watered by

Sutherland on the N. ; by the ocean, and the Deveron. Population 1067.

the small county of Cromarty on the E. ; by ROTHIEMURCHUS. Vide DUTHIL.

Inverness shire on the S. ; and by the ocean and ROTHIEMURCHUS. on the W. It comprehends the districts of ROUCAN, a small village of Dumfries- Gairloch, Kintail, Glenshiel,Loch Alsh, Loch shire, in the parish of . Carron,Glenelchaig, &c. Its form is very ir- , one of the Orkney islands, a- regular, being much indented by numerous bout 9 miles long, and 4 broad, lying to the lakes and friths, particularly the Friths of N.W. of the Mainland. Cromarty and Dornoch on the E. coast, and ROUSAY and EGLISHAY, an united by Loth Carron, Loch Broom, &c. on theW. I parish of the Orkneys, comprehending the RUT

islands Rousay, Eglishay, Weir, and Inhal- RU AIL, a river in Argyieshire, m Cowal, low, with 2 small holms or uninhabited is- which discharges its waters into Loch Long. lets. Population 1061. RU-ARDNAMURCHAN, a promontory ROW, a parish in Dunbartonshire, lying of Argyleshire, the most western point of upon Loch Gair and the Frith of Clyde. It the mainland of Scotland. is about 14 miles Jong, and 5 broad. The RUBERSLAW, a hill in Roxburghshire, surface is in general hilly, but the soil, when in the parish of Bedrule, elevated 1419 feet. properly cultivated, is abundantly fertile. RUCHIL, a river in Perthshire, which, Population 970. rises in the hill of Glenartney, above Strath- ROXBURGHSHIRE is an irregular figure, erne, and falls into the Erne near Comrie. the greatest extent of which, in every direc- RUDANAY, a small rocky island on the tion, is about 30 miles. It is bounded on W. coast of the Isle of Mull. the N. by Berwickshire, on the E. and S. by RU HUNISH, VideHUNISH. the English border, and on the W. by Dum- RULE, a river in Roxburghshire, which fries and Selkirk shires. It comprehends rises on the borders of the parish of South- the ancient districts of Teviotdale and Lid- dean and England, and after a course of a- disdale; so named from the rivers Teviot bout 20 miles, falls into the Teviot, in the and Liddle, which run through them. The parish of Cavers. N. and W. divisions ofthe county are moun- RUM, an island of tha Hebrides, about 7 tainous; but the E. and S. are, upon the miles VV. of the island of Eigg, lying in the •whole, flat and fertile. The whole abounds parish of Small Isles, and politically annex- •with the most romantic scenery, exhibiting ed to the county of Argyle. It is about 8 in every part, hills, mosses, and mountains, miles long, and nearly the same broad. It*

interspersed, however with vallies. It is re- surface is hilly, and is much better iittedfor markably well watered by the Tweed, Tiviot, pasture than tillage. Ale, Kab, Liddle, Slittrick, and many other- RU STOIR, a promontory in Sutherland- small streams. The Tyne and Coquet also shire. take their rise in this county, and, running RUTHERGLEN, contracted Ruglen, a south, soon enters upon English ground. royal burgh in Lanarkshire, situated about The chief hills are , which runs 2 miles and a half S. E. of Glasgow, and 9 through the whole county from east to west. W. of Hamilton. It is of great antiquity, Roxburghshire contains one royal burgh, viz. and was erected into a royal burgh by King

Jedburgh, and several considerable towns, David I. in 1 126. It consists of one princi- as Kelso, Hawick, Melrose, Castletown, and pal street, and a few lanes. Rutherglen, in the small but ancient town of Roxburgh. conjunction with Glasgow, Renfrew, and This cc-unty is divided into 31 parochial dis- Duubarton, sends a member to parliament, tricts, which contain 37,230 inhabitants. and gives title of Earl to the Duke of Queens- Roxburghshire is ornamented with many berry. The parish of Rutherglen extend* fine seats. Roxburghshire sends one mem- on the S. bank of the Clyde, 3 miles in ber to parliament, and gives the title ofDuke length, and 1 in breadth. The surface i» to the noble family of Kerr. level, the soil fertile, and the whole is en- ROXBURGH, a parish in Roxburghshire, closed, and well cultivated. The beautiful about 8 miles long, and 4 broad, at its ex- mansions of Shawheld, Farme, Hamilton tremities. The general appearance is flat farm, and Rosebank, ornament the parish. and sloping, and the soil is mostly a rich Population 3625. loam. It is watered by the rivers Tweed RUTHVEN, a parish in Forfarshire, si- and Teviot. The old city of Roxburgh stood tuated on theN. side of the valley of Strath- over against Kelso, on a rising ground, at more, at the foot of the Grampian moun- the west end of a fertile plain, peninsulated tains. It is of small extent, containing only

by the Tweed and Teviot, where these li- 1700 acres. The river Isla runs through it, fers unite their waters. Near it stood the forming some remarkable cascades. Isla- town, and at the point ofthe peninsula stood bank is pleasantly situated near the site of the castle of Roxburgh, so often the scene of the old castle of Kuthven. Population 240. mortal contention between the Scots and RUTHVEN. a small river in Perthshire, English, and before which King James II. which rises in the parish of Blackford, and unfortunately perished by the bursting of a falls into the Erne near the village of Auch- cannon. About two miles W. from the cas- terarder. tle stands the present village of Roxburgh, RUTH WELL, a parish in Dumfries-shire, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Te- extending about 6 miles in length alongthe net. Population 949. Solway Frith, and 3 miles where broadest. R Y A 198 R Y N

The village of Rutbwell, has been lately re- bay of Luce, the peninsula called the Rinns built on both sides of the road from Port- I of Galloway. Patrick to England, at the expense of the RYND, a parish in Perthshire, atthe con- Earl of Mansfield. Comlongan Castle is a fluence of the Erne with the Taj, about 4 venerable building. Population 1184. miles long, and 1 broad. In general flat,

. RYAN (LOCH), a considerable bay in and the soil fertile. The ruins ofa nunnery Wigtonshire, which extends in a S. E. direc- remain near the castle of Elcho, close to the tion from the Atlantic, forming with the ' Tay. Population 403,

A N SAN

Q« AARTA Y, a small island of the Hebri- It lies to the N. E. of the isles of Eday and ^ des in the sound of Harris. Stronsay, from which it is separated by a SADDEL and SKIPNESS, an united pa- channel from 2 to 3 miles broad. About rish in Argyleshire, situated on the E. coast 1 -5th of the kelp produced in Orkney is ma- of the peninsula of Kintyre. It is about 25 nufactured here. Population 1800. miles long, and on an average 2 broad. Here SANDEND, a small sea-port village in is the ruinous abbey of Saddel, and an old the parish of Fordyce, in Banffshire. castle of the same name. Population 1767. SANDERRAY, a small island of the He- SAGAY, a small island of the Hebrides brides, in the district of Barray, annexed near Harris. to the county of Inverness. SALINE, aparishin Fifeshire, about 7 SANDNESS, aparishin the western parti miles long, and 6 broad at the middle, gra- of the Mainland of Shetland united with dually becoming narrower towards the ex- Walls, Papastour, and Fowla. Vide WALLS tiemities. The soil is in general thin, and and SANDNESS. the parish is but little enclosed. The village SANDSTING, a parish of Shetland, unit- of Saline is a neat rural place. P. 945. ed to that of Aithsting. The united parish SALISBURY CRAG, a remarkable rock, is situated in the middle of the Mainland, lying on the E. side ofthecity of Edinburgh. and is about 9 miles long, and 6 broad. Po- Tide ARTHUR'S-SEAT. pulation 1493. SALTCOATS, a considerable sea port SANDWICK, aparishin Shetland, united town in Ayrshire, about 5 miles N. W. from to Dunrossness and Cunningsburgh. The Irvine. The harbour is excellent, admitting united parish lies at the southern extremity vessels of 220 tons burden. of the Mainland. Population 3201. SALTERNESS, a sea-port village in the S ANDV/ICK and , an unit- parish of Kirkbean in Kirkcudbrightshire. ed parish in Orkney, situated al the W. end SALTON, a parish in Haddingtonshire, of the island of Pomona, about 9 miles long, about 4 miles S. W. of the county town, and from 2 and a half to 5 miles and a half comprehending a superficies of about 2000 broad ; the soil varies, a great part is arable acres. It is bounded on the W. by the ri- and pasture. The coast is bold and rocky, vers Salton and Tyne, which here unite, and but possesses a safe harbour, at the town of separate the parish from that ofPencaitland. Stromness, which is situated at the S. W. There are two small villages, named from part of the parish. Population 3193. their relative situations* East and West Sal- SANDYHILLS, a village near Glasgow, ton. Salton-hall, the seat of the Fletcher in the Barony parish, containing 341 inha- family, is an elegant building. P. 768. bitants.

SANDA.asmall island on the coast of S ANDQUHAR , a royal burgh in Dumfries- the peninsula of Kintyre, near the Mull of shire, on the river Nith, about 27 miles from Kintyre. Dumfries, and 23 from Ayr. Sandquharhas SANDA, a small island of the Hebrides, long been famous for its woollen manufac- in the district of small isles, about half a tures. The Town of Sandquhar, which con- mile from Canna. tains about 100 inhabitants, was erected in- SANDY, one of the Orkney Isles, 1 2 miles to a royal burgh in 1596, by King James long, varying in breadth from 1 too miles. VI. It is governed by a provost, 3 bailies. SCO 1 ' S E L

a dean of guild, treasurer and 1 1 councillors. noted for its palace , anciently the residence It joins with Dumfries, Annan, Kirkcud- ofthe Scottish kings, the place of their co- bright, and Lochmaben, in electing a repre- ronation, and the scene of many splendid ac- sentative to parliament. The general ap- tions. In the church ofthe abbey was pre- pearance is rugged and mountainous. The served the famous stone, which was used as hills are partly green, and partly covered the coronation seat of every Scottish mo- with heath. Not more than 70 acres are narch, till the year 1296, when Edward I. car- under culture. Lead ore is found in the hills, ried it to England ; and it continues one of which is wrought by the miners in Wanlock- the appendages to royalty in Westminster head. Population 2709. abbey. The present Earl of Mansfield has SARK, a small river in Dumfries-shire, erected a new palace on the site of the old, whichfalls into the Solway Frith, near where the front is 240 feat, and the large gallery the Esk runs into that arm of the sea. 180 feet long. It is pleasantly situated on SARKFOOT, a small village in Dumfries- an extensive lawn, sloping gently to the Tay, shire, in the parish of Graitney, at the mouth and surrounded by fine plantations. About of the river Sark. 70 yards N. of the palace, is a small emi- SATIE'S HEAD, a promontory of Aber- nence, commonly called Boothill. Tradi- deenshire, near Peterhead. tion ascribes its formation to Kenneth II. SCALLOWAY, a small town, with an ex- who from this place promulgated his edicts, cellent harbour, on the S. coast of the Main- called the Macalpme laws. The village of land of Shetland. Scone is regularly built, having two broad SCALPA, a small island of the Hebrides, streets with bye-lanes, and containing 446 in the sound between the isle of Sky and the inhabitants. Population 1953. Mainland, about 5 miles long, and from 2 SCOONIE, a parish in the county of Fife, to 5 broad. otherwise called Leven, from the principal SCALPA, a small island of the Orkneys village, which is situated at the mouth of near the Mainland of Orkney. the Leven. The parish is about 5 mile*

SCALPA FLOW, a large expanse of wa- long, and 2 in breadth ; bounded on theS. ter among the Orkney isles, about 50 miles by the Frith of Forth, from which the sur- in circumferenee. It abounds with nume- face rises gently to the northern extremity. rous safe roads and harbours for vessels of Population 1761.

the largest size. SCRAPE , a high hill in the county of SCALPAY, one of the Harris isles. Its Peebles, and parish of Manore, elevated 280O extreme points may be about 5 miles distant. feet above the level of the sea. On the eastern extremity a light-house is e- SEAFORTH (LOCH), an arm of the sea

rected ; and near its western extremity are on the S. side ofthe island of Lewis, whidh two of the best harbours in the Hebrides. separates Lewis (properly so called) from SCARABINE, a mountain in Caithness, Harris.

in the parish of Latheron. SEAMADALE (LOCH), a small lake irt SCARBA, or SKARBA, a small island of Lorn, which discharges itself by the Euchar, the Hebrides belonging to Argyleshire, and into the sound of Mull.- the district of Jura and Colonsay, lying at SEAMMADALE, (LOCH), a small laker the N. end of the island of Jura. in Argyleshire, in the parish of Kilninver, SCARP, one of the Harris isles, of which about a mile and a half long, and a mile the diameter is about 3 miles. broad. SCARR, a river in Dumfries-shire, which SEATON, a fishing village in Ross-shirer rises on the borders of Ayrshire, and, after a on the coast ofthe Moray Frith, containing; eourse of 25 miles, unites with the Nith. about 400 inhabitants. SCARVAY, a small island of the Hebri- SEIL, one ofthe Hebrides, belonging to des, near Harris. Argyleshire. It is about 3 miles long, and SCONSER, a small village in the isle of 2 broad, separated from the main land by Sky, 8 miles S. of Portree, where there is a a narrow strait, over which a bridge was. Post Office. thrown.

SCOON, or SCONE, a parish in Perthshire. SELKIRKSHIRE. This county is of an It is nearly a square of 3 miles. It lies on irregular figure, extending 20 miles in the banks of the Tay, above Perth; and the length, and 10 at its greatest breadth, bound- whole parish has a beautiful appearance. ed on the N. by Peebles shire ; on the E. by The village of Scone lies nearly in the cen- Berwickshire; on the S. E. and S. by Rox- tre of the parish, about a mile N. of the town burghshire; on.theS. W, by Dumfries-shire;, 9f Perth, on the E * bank, of the Tay. It is and on the W, by Peebles. This county wa&- S^frE 200 S H O

formerly named the of Ettericfc Whalsay, Bressay, Burray, House, Trondray, forest, being covered with an extensive wood, Fetlar, Papastour, Mickle and Little Rhoe, The country is mountainous, and intersect- Skerries, Noss, Sec. with the small islands of ed by numerous streams. Besides the Tweed Fowla and Fair Isle, which lie in the strait it is watered by the Etterick and Yarrosv, between the cluster ofOrkney and Shetland. two pastoral streams. Selkirkshire contains The climate in these islands is far fr6m be- 2 towns, viz. Selkirk, which is a royal burgh, ing agreeable. The longest day in the island and Galashiels. In the division of parochial of is 19 hours and 15 minutes; and, of districts, it is very irregular, only 2 parishes consequence the shortest day 4 hours and 45 lying entirely within its bounds, while 5 or minutes. The spring is late, the summer 6 lie partly in it, and partly in the neigh- short, and the autumn wet and foggy. The bouring shires. winter sets in about the end of October, and SELKIRK, a royal burgh and county lasts till April. The coasts afford numerous town of that district to which it gives its bays and harbours for the vessels employed in name, is pleasantly situated on a rising the fisheries. Near the coast there are ma- ground, on the banks of the Etterick. The ny level spots, very fertile both in pasture town is but poorly built, and does not con- and corn. The property in Shetland is di- vey an idea of its former importance. Sel- vided into three divisions, of crown lands, kirk is a royal burgh, united with Lanark, kirk lands, and udal lands; holding by the Linlithgow, and Peebles, in sending a mem- same tenures as in Orkney. As to the ber to parliament. It is governed by 2 bai- manufactures, a coarse cloth is made for linen. lies, a dean of guild, treasurer, and 10 coun- home use, and a little Stockings cillors. The extent of t he parish is about a wrought of Shetland wool, some of which square of 10 miles, and it lies partly in are so tine, as to be equal in price with silk, Selkirk, and partly in Rox'ourghshires. The are exported to a considerable extent. The highest hills are Peatlaw, and Three Breth- chief trade is to Leith, London, and Ham-

elevated 19(i4,and the lat- burgh ; and a barter is carried on with the ren ; the former of sea. visit islands. ter 1978 feet above the level the Dutch fishermen who the The into 12 parochial Selkirk gives the title of Earl to a branch of whole district is divided the family of Douglas. Pbpulation 2466. districts, containing 22,915 inhabitants. SELLAY, a small island of the Hebrides, Shetland unites with Orkney in forming a sends cne member to par- in the district of Harris. stewartry, wuich SELLER-HEAD, a promontory on the E. liament. a village in Lanark • coast of Lewis, near Stbrnoway. SHETTLESTOWN, of Barony parish of Glasgow, and SERF'S (ST.) ILSE, a small island Loch shire, in the priory. suburb of that city. Leveh, on which are the ruins of a a SETON, Vide Portseton. SHEVOCK. a small rivulet of Aberdeen- the Gadie near its con- SHAINT or HOLY ISLES, three small shire, which joins in with the Ury. Islands of the Hebrides, lying the chan- fluence Sky, (LOCH), a lake in Inverness-shire, nel betwixt the isles of Lewis and and SHIEL about 10 miles long, and 2 broad, in the pa- in the district of the former. SHAPINSHAY, one of the Orkney is- rish of Ardnamurchan. It discharges itself Mainland. western Sea at , by lands, about 3 miles N. of the into the broad. The the river Shiel. It is about 7 miles long, and 5 the is- a lake in Sutherlandshire, harbour of Elwick is the only one of SHIN LOCH, 20 miles long, and from 1 to 2 broad. land. Shapinshay forms a parochial district about discharges itself, in its eastern extremi- ofitself. Population 726. It SHECHALLION, a mountain in Perth- ty, by the rever Shin, and falls into the Frith of Dornoch at the village of Invershin. Shire, in Rannoch. It rises in a conical form romantic and picturesque from a broad and circular base, to the height SHINNEL, a in Dumfriesshire, in the parish of of 3564 feet. stream its waters to the Scarr. SHETLAND, or ZETLAND ISLES, the Penpont, whichjoins a small river in Argyleshire, northern division of the Scottish Northern SHIRA, rises in the mountains behind Inver- Isles, lie about 15 leagues N. of the Ork- which and, after forming a small deep lake, neys. The nearest part of the continent ary ; called Loch Dubb, falls into Loch Fyne. of Europe is Bergen in Norway, from a small river of Perthshire, which they lie 44 leagues W. The islands be- SHOCHIE, in the parish of Vo ledie, and longing to this division are about 86 in which rises Lonearty. number; 40 are inhabited, of which the falls into the Tay at a parish in Lanarkshire, of a principal are, the Mainland, Zell, Unit, SHOTTS, SKY '21

rectangular form , 10 miles long by 7 broad. channel, about 3 leagues broad; but at the It is watered by the North and South Cal- ferry of Glenelly, it is not half a mile from

ders ; and the Cramond and Avon have the nearest port of Invemess-shire. The

their sources in it. Population 21 27. country is mountainous ; but the sides of the SHUNA, a small island of Argyleshire, hills are covered with heath and grass, which contains a quarry of excellent slate. which afford good pasture to sheep and SHURIRY LOCH, a small lake in Caith- black cattle. VV hales and sun. fi.ih are some- ness-shire, which givesrise to the river Forse. times caught in the bays; but the princi- 8IDLAVV HILLS, a ridge of hills which pal attention is paid to the white and her- extends in a direction from VV.to E. through ring fisheries. Population IS, 975, about the counties of Perth and Angus, beginning 1 S acres and a half to each individual. at Kinnoul, and terminating near Brechin. SLA'INS, a parish in Aberdeenshire, on This ridge forms the S. side of the valley of the sea-coast of B urban, of a triangular Strathmore. Sidlaw, the highest of these form, about 5 miles long and 2 broad. The mountains, rises 1466 feet above the level sea-coast is rocky, and indented with im- of the sea. mense chasms, excavated in many places to SIGRAMMA.2 small islands on theW. a great extent. Population 970. coast of the isles of Lewis, near Loch Roag. SLAMANNAN, or ST. LAWRENCE, S1MPRIN, a parish in Berwickshire. aparish in Stirlingshire, situated in the S. Vide Swinton. W. corner of the county. It is about 5 SKAGGIE, a small river in Perthshire, miles long, and from 5 to 4 broad, lying on which rises in the parish of Monzie, and the banks of the Avon. Population 923. joins the Erne near Crieff. SLEAT, a parish in Inverness-shire, in

SKEAHOLM, an islet on the N. coast of the island of Sky, 1 7 miles long, and from 1 the mainland of Shetland. to 5 miles and a half broad. Isle Ornasay SKEEN (LOCH), a small lake in Bum- is an excellent harbour. Population 1903. fries-shire. SLEITAL (LOCH), a lake in Sutherland- SKEILAY, a small island of the Hebrides, shire, noted for its excellent red trout. near Harris. SLIABH-GAVIL, a mountain in Argyle- SKENE, aparish in Aberdeenshire, of an shire, in the district of Knapdale. oval form, 6 miles long, and 3 and a half SLITTRICK, a small river in Roxburgh- broad. The Loch of Skene is about a mile shire, which unites with the Teviot at the long, and somewhat more than 3-4ths of a town of Hawick. mile broad. Population 1140. SMALLHOLM, a parish and village in SKEOTISVA Y, an island ofthe Hebrides, the county of Roxburgh. The parish is about a mile long, lying in E. Loch Tarbet, of an irregular triangular form, the [length in Harris. of which from E. to W. is about 4 miles, SKERRIES, three small islands of Shet- and from N. to S. about 3. The village of land, 15 miles N. E.from Whalsay, and 20 Smallholm is situated on the turnpike road from the Mainland. from Edinburgh to Kelso, about 5 miles SKIACH (LOCH), a small lake in Perth- from the latter. Population 446. shire, in the parish of Little Dunkeld. SMALL ISLES, a parish of the Hebrides, SKIPNESS. Vide Saddle and Skipness. comprehending the islands of Eigg, Rum, SKIPORT (LOCH), an arm of the sea, on Canna, and Muck; of which Eigg is politi- the E. coast ofS.Uist. cally annexed to the county of Inverness, SKIRLING, a parish in Peebles-shire, a- and the other 3 belong to that of Argyle. bout 2 miles and a half square, and some- Population 1339. what hilly. The village of Skirling is situ- SNIZORT, a parish in Inverness-shire, in ated on the road from Edinburgh to Lead- the Isle of Sky, about IS miles long, and 9 hills. Population ^0S. broad. There are several cairns, tumuli,

SKURR-CHOlNICH.andSKURR-DHO- and druidical temples ; but the greatest cu- NUIL, 2 mountains in Argyl eshire, in the riosity is a natural obelisk, or perpendicular

parish of Ardnamurchan ; the former 2564, stone, of uncommon magnitude, being 360 and the latter 2730 feet above the level of feet in circuit at the base, and gradually ta- the sea. pering to a short point, which is calculated SKY or SKYE, one of the Hebrides, be- to be 300 feet of altitude from the base. iongingto the county of Inverness. Itis 54 Population 2750. miles long, and varies in breadth from 35 to SOA, a small island of the Hebrides, a- 3 miles, the average being 13. It is separ- bout a mile in circumference, lying near the ated from the mainland of Scotland.by a remote island of St. Kilda. c c 8 P E ! S T A

SOAY, a small pasture island on th about 90 miles ; but, following all its wind- coast of Sutherlandshire, in the parish of ings, it cannot be less than 120. The sal- Assint, mon fishing of this river had been, from the SOAY, a small island on the S. W. coast superstition of former times, chiefly gifted ofthelsleof Sky. to religious establishments in Morayshire. SOAY, 2 small islands on the W. coast of SPEYMOTJTH, a parish in Morayshire, Harris. which takes its name from its local situa- SOLWAY FRITH, a navigable arm of tion, at the mouth of the river Spey. It is the sea, which extends eastward from the about 6 miles and a half long, and on an a- Irish sea, forming the boundary between verage 1 and a half broad. The surface is England and Scotland for upwards of 50 flat and level on the coast, and the soil for miles. The shore, particularly on the Scot- the most part is light and fertile. P. 1156. tish coast is flat and sandy, with a few SPIAN, ariverin lnvemess-shire, which

sunk rocks ; but almost every part affords rises from the western extremity of Loch safe landing places for small vessels. Laggan, and after a rapid and precipitous SORBIE, a parish in Wigton shire, on the course of 20 miles, joins the Lochy. coast of the bay of Wigton, about 6 miles in SPOTT, a parish in East Lothian, about length, and at an average 2 in breadth. The 10 miles lony, and 5 broad. The village of

headlands are Crugleton and Egerness ; and Spott lies about 5 miles from Dunbar. Po- the chief bays are Garliestown and Rigg, pulation 503. with the ports of Allan, Whaple, and Inner, SPRINGFIELD, a village in Dumfries- well. There are 2 villages, viz. Garliestown shire, in the parish of Gairney, on the banks and Sorbie, in which the church is situated. of the river Sark. Population 1265. , a parish in Roxburghshire, SORN, a parish in Argylcshire, of nearly about 6 miles long, and 4 broad. On the a square form of 6 miles and a half. It is banks ofthe Tweed, which bounds it on the watered by the river Ayr. The only consi- N. the surface is flat, and the soil fertile. derable hill is Blackside-end, the height of Population 1195. which is about 1600 feet. The parish con SPYNIE, or NEW SPYNIE, a parish in tains about 23,000 acres. The village of Morayshire, about 4 miles long, and 2 broad, Catrine, containing 1350 inhabitants, is si- stretching along the banks of the Lossie. tuated in this parish. There is also a small A ridge of moor extends the whole length village called Dalgain, containing 192 in- of the parish, separating the cultivated habitants. Population 3348. land from an extensive natural oak wood. SOT A-BRITIL, an island ofthe Hebrides, Population 824. about 5 miles in circumference, lying half a SPYNIE LOCH, a lake in the parish of mile S. of the island of Sky. Spynie, about 3 miles long, and 1 broad. , a parish in Roxburgh- STAFFA, asmall island of the Hebrides, shire, about 12 miles long, and 7 broad, ly- celebrated for its basaltic pillars. It lies a- ing on the banks of the Jed. The surface bout 5 leagues W. of the island of Mull, and is variegated, and the soil in the valleys is 3 leagues from Icolm-kill. Its form is ob- tolerably fertile. Population 1 869. long and irregular, about one mile in length,

SOUTHWICK. Vide COLVEND. and half a mile in breadth . Its coasts are SOUTHWICK, a small river in the stew- steep and craggy, exhibiting superb basal- artry of Kirkcudbright, which rises in the tic columns, and hollowed by various caves, parish of Col vend, and falls into the Sol way particularly those of Fingal and the Corvo- Frith. rant. Staffa is accessible only by a small SOUTRA. Vide FALA and SOTJTRA. entrance on the W. side, where the surface SOUTRA HILL, the westermost hill of slopes towards the sea. The most elevated the Lammermuir ridge, elevated 1000 feet. part of the island of Staffa is over the cave SPEY, a large and rapid river, which of Fingal, where it is 214 feet above the sea rises in Badenoch, in Inverness-shire. Its at ordinary tides. The surface of the large waters, a few miles from its source, spread pillars are rough and uneven, full of cracks out to such an extent, as to become a lake in all directions ; the pillars are jointed, of the same name; from which, resuming and the upper surface of each joint is gene- the form of a river, it proceeds with great rally concave, having a corresponding con- rapidity towards the E. till, reaching the vexity in the inferior surface of the other ; village of Rothes, it directs its course north- but the reverse of this is often noticed, and ward, and falls into the Moray Frith at Gar- many of the pillars exhibit a plain surface. mouth. The whole length of its course is The pillars near the landing-place are small, S T E 203 but increase in magnitude as they are near- 10 miles in length, and in some plaees about er the cave of Fingal, where they are the 4 in breadth. The Town of Stewarton is largest, both in diameter and altitude. This situated on the water of Annock, about 6 remarkable cave is 55 feet wide at the en- miles N. from the town of Irvine, and con- trance, 1 1 7 feet high, and 250 feet long. tains about 1500 inhabitants. P. 5049. The arch is composed of two unequal seg- STINCHAR. Vide ARDSTINCHAR. ments of a circle, which form a natural pe- STIRLINGSHIRE.formerly a part of the diment. The mass which crowns, or rather shire of Lennox, is about 26 miles long, and which forms the roof, is 20 feet thick at its on an average 1 2 broad; bounded on the N. lowest part. The bottom of the cave is fil- by Perthshire and the river Forth ; on the led with the sea, reaching to the very ex- E. by Clackmannanshire and ; tremity, where there is another small cave, on the S. by Lanarkshire ; and on the W. which sends forth an agreeable noise every • by the county of Dunbarton and Loch Lo- time the water rushes into it ; on which ac- mond. An extended plain stretches towards count it has received the name of " the me- the N. W., terminated by the mountain of lodious cave." Besides the cave of Fingal, Benlomond, and washed by the Forth, wind- there is another which exhibits the same ap- ing with placid dignity, and forming the pearances, though on a less scale. It is si- beautiful links for which it is so remarka- tuated on the N. side of the island, in the ble. From this level a bank of considerable midst of a magnificent colonnade, and is height rises to the southern border, where named " the corvorant's cave." the surface becomes hilly. The eastern dis-

STAIR, a parish in Ayrshire, about 6 trict is fertile ; but there are several exten- miles long, by 2 broad, lying on the banks of sive mosses on the banks of the Forth. In the river Ayr. Population 643. former times the greater part of this county STALK LOCH, a lake in Sutherlandshire, was covered with wood. At Stirling out in the parish of Edderachylis, 2 miles long, kings frequently resided. The castle with- and half a mile broad. stood some of the closest and most length- STANLEY, a considerable village in ened sieges which are recorded in the his- Perthshire, lying partly in the parish of tory of Scotland. Stirling is the only royal Auchtergaven, and partly inthatofRed- burgh in this county. There are several gorton. towns and villages of considerable conse- , a small village with a har- quence in it; Larbeit, Kippen, Kilsyth, bour, in Caithness, near Wick. Airth, and Campsie. It is divided into STENHOUSEMUIR, a considerable vil- 22 parochial districts, containing 58,174 lage in Stirlingshire, about 3 miles from inhabitants. The county abounds with

Falkirk. Here the greatest cattle market coal, ironstone, freestone, and limestone J in Scotland is held in October. and veins of silver, copper, cobalt, and lead, STENNESS, a parish in the island of Po- have been discovered. Stirlingshire sends mona, in Orkney, united to that of Frith. one member to parliament. Population of the united parish, 1272. STIRLING, an ancient town in the coun- , a parish in Haddingtonshire, ty to which it gives its name, situated upon about 3 miles and a half long, and 3 broad. the river Forth, 35 miles N. W. of Edin- Population 620. burgh. Its situation, like the Old Town of STEVENSTON, a parish in Ayrshire, ly- Edinburgh, is of the sloping ridge of a rock, ing on the northern coast of the bay of Ayr. the percipipitous end of which, towards the It forms an irregular square of about two W. is occupied by a fortress. The great miles and a half. The whole extent of the street on the summit of the hill isbroad and coast is flat and sandy, affording no harbour spacious, but the other streets are narrow except at Saltcoats and Irvine. The Town and irregular. On the north side of the of Stevenston is situated nearly in the cen- town several new streets have been planned

tre of the parish ; and at the northern bor- out ; and a number of houses in the old dor stands the thriving town of Saltcoats, town has been rebuilt within the last 20 lying partly in the parish of Ardrossan. Po- years. An elegant building has been erect- pulation 2146. ed, with a spire 120 feet high, in which is STEWARTFIELD, a small village in the a clock, for an assembly room and a public district of Buchan, Aberdeenshire, about library. The town-house is a large build- 13 miles from Peterhead, and contains ing, with convenient apartments for the

nearly 800 inhabitants. town and coun ty courts ; and there has been STEWARTON, a parish and considera- lately erected a new jail, upon an approved ble town in Ayrshire, The parish is ab¥Y6 plan, and a spacious and elegant hall fea 204

the Circuit and Sheriff-courts. There are considerable inland trade. Vessels of GO or three hospitals, the first endowed by Ro- 70 tons burden come up to the quay. Steam bert Spittal, tailor to James IV. in 1530, boats, which are elegantly fitted up for pas- for the support of poor tradesmen. The sengers, run daily betwixt Stirling and New - revenue in 1810 amounted to L.541. The haven. The parish is confined to the burgh, second was founded by John Cowan, in 1659 and a small field called the King's Park. for 12 decayed guild brethren. It is situa- Population 5820. ted to the south of the church, and has a STITCHELand HUME, an united pa- steeple and bell, and apartments for the rish in the counties of Roxburgh and Ber- Guildry to meet in. The revenue amounts wick, of an irregular figure, 5 or 6 mileg to L.5000 per annum. The third was long, and between 3 or 4 broad. The lands founded by John Allan, for the mainten- are almost all enclosed and under tillage. ance and education of the children of de- The village of Stitchel lies about 4 miles cayed tradesmen. The revenue amounts from Kelso, and the village of Hume is not- to nearly L.500. In 1808 Alexander Cun- ed for the old castle of the same name, ingham, a merchant, left L.3000 as a fund which was often the scene of contest dur- for educating the children of poor freemen ing the border wars. Population 921. mechanics, and augment the pensions to STOBO, a parish in Peebles-shire, about their widows. There are two churches, 6 miles long, and 4 broad. The greater called, from their situation, the East and part of the parish is mountainous, and fit West Kirks. The former is a fine building, for pasture ; but a considerable part is sus-

erected by Cardinal Beaton ; the latter is ceptible of cultivation. The river Tweed also a beautiful piece of architecture, but runs through the parish. Population 436. of much older date, having been founded STONEHAVEN, orSTONEHIVE, a sea- in 1594 by James IV. as a chapel for a port town in Kincardineshire, in the parish monastery of Franciscans, There are se- of Dunnotar, about 15 miles S. of the town veral other religious houses. The grammar of Aberdeen. It consists of two considera- school has long been conducted by masters ble streets of houses which are tolerably well of the first eminence. Besides the Stirling built. Stonehaven is a burgh of barony, of Banking Company, who issue their own which the jurisdiction is, by the charter, notes, there is a branch of the Bank of Scot- vested in magistrates chosen by the superi- land. The town is supplied with excellent or and feuars. It is separated from Aldul- markets. Stirling is a place of considerable bie, or New Stonehaven, by the small river antiquity, having received its charter from Canon. Population of both 231 C. Alexander I. in 1120. It is governed by a STONEHOUSE, a parish in Lanarkshire, provost, 4 bailies, a dean ofguild, treasurer, 5 miles long, and on an average 2 broad, and 14 councillors. The castle is of great containing about 6000 acres. Of these there antiquity. In the 12th century it was one are about 12 acres of mo*, and 24 of moor. of the most important fortresses in the king, The remainder is arable. In the centre of dom, and was one of the four which were the parish is the village of Stonehouse, which delivered up to tl e English as part of the lies 18 miles from Glasgow, and 7 miles and ransom of William the Lion. It was the a half from Hamilton. Population 1655. birth place of James II. who stabbed his STONYKIRK.more properly Stephen- kinsman, the Earl of Douglas, in an apart- kirk, a parish in Wigtonshire, composed of ment which still goes by the name of Dou the united parishes of Stonykirk, Clashank,

las' room. James III. who also resided here and Toscarton . It lies on the W. coast of built within it a magnificent hall for the the bay of Luce, and contains about 17,009 meeting of Parliament, which is now con- acres. Population 1S48. verted into a riding school. Adjoining to STORMONT, a district in Perthshire, the parliament-house is the chapel-royal, lying on the E.bank of the Tay. now converted into a store-room and ar- STORMONT, a small lake in the parish moury. James V. was crowned here ; and of Bendoth, Perthshire. the palace was the work of that prince. It STORNAWAY, a town and parish in is a stately building, in the form of a square Ross-shire, in the island of Lewis. The pa- with a small court in the centre. The rish is of very great extent; but the inha- ground storey of the oalace is now convert- bited parts are somewhat of the figure of an ed into barracks for the soldiers of the gar- isosceles triangle, 2 of the sides of which rison. The town is well supplied with wa- are about 10 miles, and the other 7 miles ter, which is brought in pipes from Gillies long. The general appearance is a flat kill, about 3 mile* distant. Stirling bat a moor, with a small extent of cultivattd land T R S T R

on the coasts. The shores are partly rocky. STRATHALLADALE, a vale in the There are several bays, -which afford toler- county of Sutherland. able anchorage for vessels employed in the , a vale in Perthshire. fisheries; but Loch Stornaway is particu- STRATHARDLE, a valley in Perthshire. larly excellent. At the head of this bay is STRATHAVEN, a district in Banffshire, built the town of Stornaway, which, from a which gives second title of Baron to the small origin, has of late arrived at a con- Earl of Aboyne. siderable size and extent. Population 3500. STRATHAVEN. Vide AVENDALEj STOURHOLM.a small island of Shet- STRATHAVEN, a considerable town in land, lying on the N. side of Mainland, and the parish of Avendale, Lanarkshire, plea- in the parish of Northmaven. santly situated on the Aven. It is 7 miles STOW, a parish in Mid-Lothian, extend- E. of Hamilton, and contains 1610 inhabi- ing about 15 miles in length, 5 in breadth, tants. and containing 37,500 square acres. The STRATHBEG (LOCH), a small lake in surface is hilly, and intersected by numer- Aberdeenshire, in the parishes of Crimond ous streams, which fall into the Gala and and Lonmay, about a mile in length. the Tweed. Population 1876. STRATHBLANE, a beautiful vale in STRACHAN. Vide STRATHEN. the counties of Stirling and Dunbarton. STRACHUR and STALACHLAN, an STRATHBLANE, a parish in Stirling- united parish in Argyleshire, in the district shire, in the valley of the same name, 5- of Cowal, about 17 miles long, and from 3 miles long, and 4 broad. The general ap- to 6 broad, lying on the S. W. bank of Loch pearance is agreeably picturesque, and the Fyne, and watered by the river Chur. The land in the valley is exceedingly fertile. The general appearance is hilly, but there are river Blane, in this parish, forms the cascade considerable fields of arable land on the called the Spout of Ballagan. P. 734. banks of Loch Fyne. Population 1079. STRATHBOGIE, a district of Aberdeen- STRAGLASS, adistrictin Inverness-shire. shire, formerly one of the great divisions of STRAITON, a parish in Ayrshire, about that shire. 15 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. The STRATHBRAN, a valley in Perthshire, is fit greater part of the parish only for pas- l the parish of Little Dunkeld. ture. The village of Straiton is pleasantly STRATHBRON, a valley in Sutherland- situated on the banks of the Girvan. Popu- shire. lation 1026. STRATHCLYDE, an ancient Scottish STRANRAER, a royal borough of con- nation or principality, the capital of which siderable antiquity, in Wigtonshire, situated was Alcluid or Dunbarton. at the head of the bay of Loch Ryan. It is STRATHDEVON, a district in Aberdeen- the seat of a presbytery, and the chief town and Banff'shires, being a continuation of of the district of Galloway, called the Rinns the valley of Strathbogie. cr Rhyns. It is a port of the custom-house, STRATHDIGHTY, a valley in Angus- of which all the harbours of the Rhinns are shire, watered by the river Dichty. members. The harbour of Stranraer affords STRATHDON, a parish in Aberdeen- excellent anchorage. It is governed by a shire, about 28 miles long, and 8 broad, oc- provost, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, and 15 cupying the head of the valley in which the councillors, and joins with Wigton, New river Don pursues its course to the German Galloway, and Whithorn, in electing a re- ocean. The general appearance of the presentative to parliament. P. 1925. country is hilly, and covered with heath, STRATH, a parish in Inverness-shire, in affording pasture to large flocks of sheep. the isle of Sky, about 19 miles long, and 5 Population 1351. and a half broad, lying on the sound which STRATHERIN, a valley inMorayshire. separates Sky from the Mainland. It also STRATHERNE, or STRATHEARNE, comprehends the small islands of Seal pa and a beautiful valley in Perthshire, watered by Pabba. The coast is rocky ; but there are the Erne. 3 small and safe harbours. P. 1748. STRATHERROCK, a vale in Inverness- STRATHAEN, now generally called shire. Strachan ; a parish in Kincardineshire, on STRATHFILLAN, a vale in Perthshire, the N. side of the Grampian ridge, extend- on the borders of Argyleshire. ing from the top of the Cairn-o'-mount to STRATHFLEET, a valley in Sutherland, the banks of the Dee, about 11 miles, and shire. comprehending 40,230 English acres. Po- STRATHGARTNEY, a valley In Pertb pulation 730. shire. S U T

STRATHGRYFE, the ancient name of little of the parish is enclosed. Popula the county of Renfrew, so named from the tion 593. Gryfe, the principal river. STROMA, a small island, situated in the STRATHMARTIN, a parish in Forfar- Pentland Frith, about 3 miles from the shire, about two miles square, lying in the shore of Caithness, about a mile long, and pleasant and boautiful vale which is water- half a mile broad. ed by the Dighty. The surface is pretty le- STROMAY, a small island of the He- vel, and the soil light and sandy. In 1796, brides, in the sound of Harris. this parish was united to that of Mains of STROMNESS, a considerable town in the Fintry. Popula. of the united parish 1442. island of Pomona, in Orkney, in the united STRATHMIGLO, a parish in Fifeshire, parish of Sandwick and Stromness, possess- about 5 miles and a half long, and 3 and a ing an excellent harbour, and enjoying a half broad, lying on the small water of Mig- considerable foreign and coasting trade. lo, one of the tributary streams of the Eden. STRONSAY, one of the Orkney islands, The surface is paitly flat, and partly hilly, 7 miles and a half long, and 4 broad, but so and the soil is equally various. A considera- indented by long and narrow bays, that no ble part is enclosed, and the whole is well place is above a mile and a halfdistant from cultivated. The village of Stralhmiglo is the sea. There are two safe harbours on the distant 4 miles from Falkland, and 15 from island, Ling Bay and Papa Sound .Here is Cupar Fife. Population 1697. a mineral spring, called the well of Kildin- STRATHMORK, or the Great Strath; guie, containing a great quantity of aerial that valley which traverses the kingdom acid.

j from Stonehaven in Kincardineshire on the STRONSAY and EDAY, aparish in Ork- E. to the district of Cowal in Argyleshire ney, comprehending the islands of Stronsay, on the W. Eday, , Fairy, and nine holms STRATHMORE, a river of Sutherland- or pasture isles. Population 1642. shire, which falls into an arm of the sea STROVVAN, a parish in Perthshire. Vide called Loch Hope. Blair-Athol STRATHNAIRN. Vide Nairn. STROVVAN, a parish inPerthsbire. Vide , a district in Suther- Monivaird. landshire, which gives second title of Baro- STRYLA. Vide Strathyly. ness to the Countess of Sutherland. STUIC-A CHROIN, a hill in Perthshire, STR ATHPEFFER, a vale in Ross-shire, in the parish of Callender. near the town of Dingwall. SUDCY, a parish in Ross-shire, united STRATHSPEY, a district in Inverness to Kilmuir Wester. Vide Knockbain. and Moray shires, celebrated for its great SULISKER, a small insulated rock in the forests of firs. northern district of the Hebrides. STRATHY (LOCH), a lake in Suther- SUMBURGH-HEAD, the southern pro- landshire. montory of the mainland of Shetland. STRATHY HEAD, a promontory in Su- SUNART LOCH, a navigable inlet of tiierlandshire, forming the W. boundary of the sea, between the shires of Argyle and Strathy bay. Inverness, about 20 miles long, and 2 miles STRATHYLA, a district in Banffshire, broad. often called Stryla. SUNART, a district of Argyleshire, in STRELITZ, a village in Perthshire, in the parish of Ardnamurchan. the parish of Cargill, so named in honour of SUTHERLANDSHIRE is one of the her Majesty. It was built in 1763, by the most northerly counties of Scotland, extend- commisioners for managing the annexed ing the whole breadth of the island. It is estates, and was intended as a place of re- about SO miles long from N. W. toS. E. and sidence for the discharged soldiers at the 40 miles broad, bounded on the N. E. by

conclusion of the German war. Caithness ; on the E. and S. E. by the Ger-

STRICHEN, a parish in Aberdeenshire, man ocean and the Frith of Dornoch ; on

in the district of Buchan, comprehending a- the S. and S. W. by Ross- shire ; on the W.

bout 8000 acres. The face of the country by the Atlantic ocean ; and on the N. by the is much improved by plantations. The vil- great . It comprehends the dis- lage of Strichen contains about 200 inhabi- tricts of Strathnaver, Assint, and Suther-

tants. Population 1520. land ; the former of which was formerly a STRICKATHROW, a parish in Forfar- county of itself. The face of the country is shire, about7 mileslong and 2 broad, stretch- mountainous and rocky, the more inland ing across the valley of Strathmore. Very parts presenting nothing to the eye but vast ;

S U T S ' S Y M

of partly ta!s and pceules are found in groups mountains, covered with many parts ; forests, and partly bleak and barren heaths and beautiful garnets are found on the coast, but the valleys are occupied by numerous in the parish of Tongue. Sutherland has pleasant lakes and rivers. The coasts, for been an earldom in the Sutherland family

the most part, on the N. and W. are bold since the year 1 057. and rocky, indented by numerous bays of SUURSAY, a small island of the Hebri- great extent, and having many promonto- des, in the sound of Harris. ries extending into the ocean. The princi- SUTORS of CROMARTY, two rocky pro- pal arms of the sea are Lochs Eribole, Dur- montories, one on each side of the Frith of ness, Laxford, Inchaid, Lowie, Brora, &c. Cromarty. End the chiefpromontories are Cape Wrath, SWINN A, a small island, lying nearly in Point , Far-out-head, Whiten head, the middle of the Pentland Frith. and Strathy-head. A number of small is- SWINTON, a parish in Berwickshire, to lands are scattered along the coast, few of which that of Simprin is united. The unit- which are inhabited. The soil, where it ad- ed parish extends 4 mdes in length, and 3 mits of culture, though various in its quali- in breadth. The surface is varied, and the ty, is in general superior to the arable lands soil is in general deep and fertile. The on-

of Ross-shire ; but the state of agriculture ly stream of importance is the Leet. There is far behind. The mountains afforH pas- are two villages, viz. Swmton and Simprin. ture to numerous flocks of sheep and herds Population 875. of black cattle, which constitute the chief SYMINGTON, a parish in Ayrshire, in branch of commerce. There are 3 great the district of Kyle, 4 miles long, and 1 and deer forests, and the other kind of game are a quarter broad. It contains about 2100 a- found in great plenty. Sutherland contains cres. The village of Symington contains a- only one town, viz. Dornoch, which is a royal bout 294 inhabitants. Population 668. borough, and the county town, and several SYMINGTON, a parish in Lanarkshire, small fishing villages. It is divided into 13 of nearly a circular figure, 3 miles in diame- parochial districts, containing 13,629 inha- ter. The greater part is inclosed and well bitants. Freestone, limestone, ironstone, cultivated. The small village of Symington and slate are abundant; within these few is situated on the Clyde. Population 508. years coal has been found here. Rock crys-

TAR

n^AASKEIR, a small island on the S. coast TANAST, an islet near the N. coast of * of the isle of Hay. Hay.

! TAIN, a royal borough and county town TANNADICE, a parish in Forfarshire, of Ross-shire, seated on the S. of the Frith about 12 miles long, and on an average 4 of Dornoch. It is old, and irregularly built. broad, though in some places, its breadth ex- The church is an old but elegant fabric, built tends to 8 or 10. The river South Esk runs in 1471, and dedicated to St. Duthus. Tain through it, as well as the Noran, which here unites with Dingwall, Dornoch, Kirkwall, joins the former nver. The greater part of and Wick, in sending a representative to the parish is hilly and mountainous; but Parliament. It contains about 1250 inha- the soil is in general good. The only re- bitants. The parish of Tain extends along markable mountain is St. Arnold's Seat, on the Frith of Dornoch 8 miles, and is 2 in the top of which is a huge cairn. Near the breadth. The surface is in general flat, and eastern extremity of the parish is a small the arable land, which is about one-fifth of valley, called the Devil's Hows. Pop. 1373. the whole, is tolerably fertile. P. 2384. TARANSAY, one of the northern Har- TAMMTGUL, a small village in Banff- ris isles, about 4 miles long, and 1 broad. shire, in the parish of Kirkmichael. , a parish, partly in Ross-shire, TANAR, a river in Aberdeenshire, which and partly in that of Cromarty, occupying falls into the Dee near the church of Aboyne. the extremity of the peninsula formed by T E M

|

tne Friths of Cromarty and Dornoch, about TAY LbcH7in~Breadafbane, Perthshire, 7 miles and a half long, and 4 and a half at About 15 miles long, and from 1 to 2 in its greatest breadth. There is a safe har- breadth, receiving at its S. W. extremity, bour at Portmaholmack. The surface is ir- the united streams of the Dochart and Lo- regular, and the soil is in general fertile. chay, and pouring forth its waters at the N. Population 1343. E. end by the river Tay. TARE ATNESS, the extremity of the pa- TAY. This noble river, which pours in- rish of Tarbat, being the point oflandforni- to the ocean a greater quantity of water ed by the Friths of Cromarty and Dornoch. t han any other river in great Britain, rises TARBERT (EAST and WEST LOCHS), in Breadalbane, on the frontiers of Lorn two arms of the sea in Argyleshire, which, in Argyleshire. At its source it has the by their approximation, peninsulatethe dis- name of Fillan, about 10 miles from which trict of Kintyre. it diffuses itself into Loch Dochart. Issu- TARBERT (EAST and WEST LOCHS), ing from that expanse of water, it loses the two arms of the sea, which penetrate a con- name of Fillan, and gives the name of Glen-

siderable way into the island of Harris ; one dochart to the vale through which it runs. from the E. side, and another from the W. At the eastern extremity of this vale, it, be- peninsulating the southern part of the is- sides other streams, receives the waters of land. the Lochay, and, shortly after, the united TARBOLTON, a parish in Ayrshire, in streams are lost in Loch Tay. About 2 the district of Kyle, about 7 or S miles long, miles after leaving this lake, it receives a and 6 broad. Its surface is diversified with considerable addition to its size from the many inequalities interspersed with marsh- Lyon. At Lqgierait it is joined by the unit - es and heath covered eminences; but the ed streams of the Garry and Tummel. Here greater part is well cultivated. The village it turns towards the S. and receives the wa- ofTarbolton contains about 450 inhabitants. ters of the Bran near Dunkeld, the Isla at Population 17G6. Kinclaven, the Shochie at Loncarty, and the TARF, a river in the stewartry of Kirk- Almond about 2 miles above Perth. A lit- cudbright, which rises from a small lake tle below this town it turns to the S. and called Lochwinnoch, in the parish of Gir- receiving the waters ofthe Erne near Elcho Shon. Castle, it becomes nearly 3 miles tiroad,

TARFF LOCH, a small lake in Inver- but contracts to 2 miles at Dundee ; about ness-shire. 8 miles below which it unites with the Ger- TARFF, a river in Inverness-shire, which man ocean. There are fewer great falls of issues from Loch TariF, and falls into Loch water on the river Tay than in other rivers

Ness. which rise in a Highland district ; but it pos- TARLAND, a parish in Aberdeenshire, sesses several cascades of considerable to which that of M igvy is united. The uni- height, particularly in the Linn ofGampsie, ted parish forms a most irregular and dis- near its junction with the Isla, where the jointed district, lying on the western bor- river is precipitated over a basaltic dike ders of the county . The village of Tarland, into a pool of great depth. The salmon fi- which is a burgh of barony, is situated near- shery on the Tay is very extensive. ly in the centre of the district of Cromarty. , a village in Argyleshire, on The lands about the village are mostly le- the S. of Loch Etive. vel ; but the greater part of the parish is TEALING, a parish in Forfarshire, on mountainous, and the seasons cold. The the S. side ofthe Sidlaw hills, about 3 miles water of Dersky runs by the village of Tar- long, and from 1 to 2 broad, watered by the land ; and a disjointed part of the parish is small river Fithie, a tributary stream of the watered by the Don. Population 922. Dighty. The surface slopes gradually from TARRAS, a small river in Dumfries-shire, the mountains towards the S. and the soil which rises in the parish of Ewes, and falls it tolerably fertile. The highest of the Sid- into the Esk 3 miles below the town of laws, in this district, is Craig Owl, elevated Langholm. HOOfeet. Population 753. TERTH, a small stream in the county of TEATH, or TEITH, a river in Perth- Peebles, which falls into the Lyne near the shire, which takes its rise from Loch Cathe- . rine, in Balquidder, and receiving many tri- , a parish in Aberdeenshire, a- butary streams, joins the Allan, and falls in- bout 9 miles long, and 6 broad, watered by to the Forth about 3 miles N. W. of Stir- the Ythan. The general appearance is le- ling. vel, and the soil is fertile. Popula. 1756. TEMPLE, a parish in Mid-Lothian i> bout 9 miles long, and about 5 broad, The with water by a canal from the Almond to arable land is tolerably fertile, The hilly Perth, which was formed previous to the part affords good pasturage. Pop. 853. year 1244. Population 1306. TEONA, a small island of Inverness-shire, TIFTALA, a small barren islaDd in the at Loch Moidart. Pentland Frith, belonging to Orkney. TERR.EGLES, a parish in the Stewartry TILLYCOULTRY, a parish in Clack- of Kirkcudbright, about 5 miles long, and 5 mannanshire, 6 miles long, and from 1 to 2 broad. The surface is level, andthesoilin broad, containing about 6000 Scots acres. general a light loam or sand. Pop. 510. The soil is in general dry and fertile; and TEVIOT, or TTVIOT, a river in Rox- the high grounds afford pasture for sheep. burghshire, which has its rise on the Eng- The minerals found are chiefly granite and lish border; and, taking a course nearly N. basaltes, with coal on the low grounds, of a E., being joined by the Slitrick at Hawick, good quality ; and the metals are silver, the Rule at Cavers, the Jed near Jedburgh, lead, copper, cobalt, antimony, and arsenic. the Oxnam near Crailing, the Kale at Eck- Ironstone is very abundant, with septaria, ford, and other streams, unites with the which are worked by the Devon Iron com- Tweed at Kelso. pany. There are 3 villages in the parish, TEVIOTDALE, a district in Roxburgh- Earlstown, Coalsnaughton, and Wester- shire. town. The village of Tillycoultry has a TEXAY, a small island on the S. coast of manufacture of Scots plaiding, serges and the isle of Hay. blankets. Population 916. THORNHILL, a village in the parish of TILLY LOCH, a small lake in Fifeshire, Kincardine, Perthshire, nearly joined to the lying between the parishes of Beith and village of Norriestown, 10 miles W. from Dunfermline, about a mile long, and half a su- ing. mile broad. THORNLIE-HTLL, a manufacturing vil- TILT, a small rapid stream in Athole, in lage in Renfrewshire, in the parish of East- Perthshire, which rises on the borders of wood. M.irr, and falls into the Garry near Blair THRIVE, a small island in the stewartry Castle. of Kirkcudbright, formed by the river Dee. TINGWALL, WF.ISDALE, and WHITE- THURSO, a town in Caithness, at the NESS. These united parishes lie in the head of a spacious bay, irregularly built, and mainland ofShetland, and extend 10 miles containing r.o edifices of any note, except in length, and 7 in breadth; but are so the church, a Gothic building, in good re- much intersected by numerous voes or pair. It is a burgh of barony. There is a friths, that no part of the district is upwards bank established here, which issues notes. of 2 miles from the sea. The principal The harbour admits vessels of 10 feet harbours are the bays of Laxforth and Scal-

draught at spring tides. Thurso contains loway ; at the latter of which is the ancient about 1612 inhabitants. The parish extends village of the same name. At the S. end about 3 miles around the town in every di- of the village is the ruinous castle of Scal- rection except towards the N. W. where it loway. Several small islands belong to thi3 is bounded by the sea. Its figure is irregu- parish. Population 1863. lar, and it contains, besides commontries, TINNIS,a mountain in R oxburghshire, 4000 acres of arable land. The sea coast in the parish of Castletown. in general is rocky; but the bay of Thurso TINKIS, a small rivet in Roxburghshire, is sheltered on the W. by Holburnhead, and which falls into the Liddal. and on the E. by Dunnethead, from the TINTO, a ridge of hills in Lanarkshire, tremendous waves of the Pentland Frith. between the parishes of Carmichael and Sy- The Clett, a precipitous rock, nearly 400 mington.

j feet high, is insulated from tbe land by a TINWALD,?. parish in. Dumfries-shire, deep channel, only 80 yards broad. P. 3462. to which that of Trailflat is united. The 6" THURSO, a rapid river which has its united parish i j of a rectangular figure, source in Loch More, and falls into the Pent- miles long, and 4 broad, lying on the E.side land Frith at the town of Thurso. It a- of Lochar moss, which separates it from bounds with salmon and trout. Dumfries, and watered by the small river TIBBERMUIR, a parish in Perthshire, Ae. the greater part is arable. Pop. 980. about S miles long, and from 1 to 3 broad. It TIR-Y, or TYREE, an island of the He- contains about 4670 Scots acres. This pa- brides, about 21 miles W. of the island of rish is noted for the extensive printtields Mull. It is 11 miles long, and nearly 2 and bleachfields. These are well supplied miles and a half broad. About one half is D D TOR 2 T R A ~ arable, interspersed with small rocks and TORPHICHEN,. a parish in West Lo- rising grounds. In theinterior are 24 small thian, about 9 miles long, and on an aver- lakes. There is a regular ferry from this is- age 2 and a half broad. The general ap- land to Coll, 3 miles distant. Popu. 2416. pearance is hilly, particularly at the E. TIR-Y a parish of the Hebrides, compre- end, where the hill of Cairn Napleis situat- hending the islands ofTir-y, Coll, andGun- ed, the altitude of which is 159S feet above na, besides several uninhabited islands. the level of the sea. There is a small lake, TIUNPAN-HEAD, a promontory on the about a mile in circumference. The great- K. of Lewis. er part of the parish is enclosed. Po. 1028. TOBERMORY, a village in the island of TORRISDALE, a river in Sutberland- Mull, built by the British Society for the en- shire, which risesfrom Loch Laoghal or Lo- couragement of fisheries. yal, in the parish of Tongue, and falls into TOFTINGALL (LOCH), a small lake in the Northern Sea at the village of Torris- the count of Caithness, and parish of Wat- dale. tin. TORRY, a small fishing village in Kin- TONDERGARTH, aparish in Dumfries- cardineshire, near the Girdleness. shire, about 14 miles long, and 1 and a half TORRYBURN, a parish in Fifeshire, broad. It is in general level, with a good formed by the union ofthe baronies of Tor- deal of arable land. Population 4S4. ry and Crombie,about 5 miles in length, and TONGLAND, aparish in the stewartry 2 in breadth. The village of Torryburn of Kirkcudbright, of a triangular figure, 8 contains about 1200 inhabitants, and pos- miles long, and 4 broad at its northern ex- sesses an excellent harbour. Pop. 1461. tremity, gradually decreasing in breadth to TORTHORWALD, aparish in Dumfries- its southern extremity, where the rivers shire, lying on the E. side of Lochar Moss. Tarffand Dee unite. The middle of the It contains about 4400 acres. The inhabit- parish is occupied by a ridge of mountains, ed part forms a square of about 2 miles, in running N. and S. On the banks of the ri- the midst of which is the village of Torthor- vers the surface is level, and the soil a fer- wald. There is another small village called tile loam. Population 656. Roucan, containing 143 inhabitants. Po- TONGUE, aparish in the county of Su- pulation 703- therland, about 11 miles long, and nearly TORTASELLER-HEAD, a promontory the same breadth. The general appearance on the E. coast of the . is hilly, a ridge of high mountains passing TOUGH, a parish in Aberdeenshire, 5 nearly through the middle of the parish. miles long, and 3 broad. The surface is ir- The chieflake is Loch Laoghal. The coast regular, but mostly all the hills are arable. is high and rocky, indented by the bays of TOWIE, or TOWIE-KINBATTOCK, a Tongue and Torrisdale, and having the pro- parish in Aberdeenshire, about 3 miles and montories of Whitenhead and Torrisdale a'halflong, and 2 broad, watered by the Don.

projecting a considerable way into the sea. The general appearance is hilly ; but by the The rocks along the coast are excavated in- river side the soil is tolerably fertile. P. 528. to many caves, the largest of which is 20 TRAILFLAT, aparish in Dumfries-shire. feet wide at the entrance, and penetrates Vide TINWALD- nearly half a mile under ground. There TRALIG (LOCH), a small lake in Ar- are several small islands, of which Ealan- gyleshire, in the parish of Kilninver, which nan-Roan only is inhabited. Popu. 1348. discharges its waters by the Oude into the TORLEUM, a mountain of Perthshire, in sound of Mull. the parish of Monivaird, elevated 1400 feet. TRANENT, a parish in Haddingtonshire, TOROGAY, one of the smaller Hebrides, about 6 miles by 3, on the shore of the Frith in the sound of Harris* of Forth, The surface is level, and except TOROSAY, aparish in Argyleshire, on a small extent of downs, and 100 acres of the E. side of the island of Mull. It extends commonty, the whole is cultivated. To-

12 miles in length in every direction ; and wards the coast it is flat and sandy, except the sea coast is indented by numerous small the rocky ground where the villages of Port- bays, which afford good anchorage, particu- seaton and Cockenzie are built. The town larly at Auchnacraig, from whence there is of Tranent is pleasantly situated on the a regular ferry to Oban in Lorn, by the is- great E. road from Edinburgh, about 9 land of Kerrera. The general appearance miles distant from the Metropolis. P. 3036. is rugged, mountainous, and covered with TRAPRENE LAW, a small comical hill heath, but excellently adapted for sheep in East Lothian, about a mile and a half N. pasture. Population. 1764. W.i from the village of YVbitingham. T U M 211 Y N

TRAQUAIR, a parish in Peebles-shire lake. The whole course of the Tummel is ; on the S. bank of the Tweed, and watered rapid and furious, forming every where the by the river Quair, about miles long, and most romantic and picturesque cascades. from 4 to 5 broad, containing 17,290 acres. TURREFF, a parish in Aberdeenshire, The surface is rocky and mountainous. about 4 miles and a half nearly round the Minchmoor is elevated 2000 feet above the town of the same name. On the N. W. it level ofthe sea, and G umscleugh is at least is bounded by the Deveron. The soil is in 200 feet higher. Popul ation 613. general light and fertile. The town ofTur- TREISHNISH ISLES, a cluster of is- ret!', which is situated on the banks of the lands of the Hebrides, belonging to Argyle- Deveron, is a free burgh of barony. P. 2090. sbire, about 4 leagues W. of Mull. TURRET, a small lake in Perthshire, in TRINITY-GASK.aparish in Perthshire, the parish of Monivaird and Strowan. in Stratherne, composed of the united pa- TWEED, a large river, which has its rishes of Kinkell and Wester Gask. It source in , near where the stretches for several miles on both sides of counties of Peebles, Dumfries, and Lanark the Erne, the banks rising gradually to the join, and near the sources of jthe Clyde and H. Population 769. Annan. It takes a course nearly N. E. re- TRONDA, or TRONDRAY, an island of ceiving many small streams, till it reaches

j Shetland, about 5 miles and a half long, Peebles, when running nearly E., its stream and 2 broad. is augmented by the Ettrick near Selkirk,

TROON, a promontory in Ayrshire, pro- I the Gala at Galashiels, the Leader near Mel- jeering about a mile into the Frith of Clyde. rose, and the Teviot at Kelso. A few miles TROQUIRE, or , a parish below this town, it leaves Roxburghshire, in the stewartry of Kirkcudbright, about and forms, for many miles, the boundary be- 7 miles and a hclf long, and 4 and a half tween England and Scotland, until it falls broad. Population 2774. into the German ocean at Berwick. It re- its TROSACHS, rugged and stupendous i ceives the Whittader about 5 miles from

' mountains in Perthshire, about 15 miles W. mouth. from Callander. TWEEDDALE, that district of Peebles TROSTRIE, a small but beautiful lake and Berwickshires, watered by the river in the parish of Twynehomle, Kirkcud- Tweed. brightshire. TWEEDEN, a small river in Roxburgh- TROUP, a village of Banffshire, on the shire, which joins the Liddal near its aestu-. sea coast near Gardenston. ary on the Solway Frith. TRUIM,"a small river in Inverness-shire, TWEEDSMUIR, a parish in Peebles-shire, which falls into the Spey near the church It is about 9 miles long, and in many pla- of Laggan. ces ofthe same breadth. The surface is hil- TUDHOPE FELL, a mountain in Rox- ly, Hatfield and Broadlaw rising about 2S00 burghshire, on the English border. feet above the level of the sea. Pop. 2o„'9. TULLIALLAN, a parish in Perthshire, TWYNEHOLME, a parish in the stew- of an irregular figure, about 4 miles long, artry of Kirkcudbright, united with that of and 4 broad, having a pretty level surface, Kilchrist. Theform of the united parish is gently declining to the S. where the Forth oblong, about 9 miles by 2, on the W. banks forms its boundary. The parish contains a- of the rivers Dee and Tarff, and watered by bout 2760 acres. The town of Kincardine the sea on the S. and W. Population 685. lies in this parish. Population 3S00. TYNDRUM, a small village in Breadal- TULLOCH, a parish in Aberdeenshire. bane, in Perthshire, upon the western mi- Vide GLENMUICK. litary road. TULLOCH-ARD, a lofty mountain in TYNE, a small river in Haddingtonshire, Ross-shire, in the district of Kintail, which rises on the borders of the county of TULLYNESSLE, a parish in Aberdeen- Mid-Lothian, and falls into the Frith of shire, about 4 miles long, and 2 and a half Forth in the parish of Tynninghame. broad, lying on the N. bankofthe river Don, TYNNINGHAME,a parish in Hadding. mountainous towards the N. and W. Tire tonshire, to which that of Whitekirk is u- arable soil is a light loam. Population 5~>(). nited. The united parish extends nearly 6 TULM, an isle of the Hebrides, near the miles long, and ,5 broad, bounded on the N. N. coast of Sky. and E. by the Frith of Forth. The surface TDM1IEL, a large river in Perthshire, is level, and the soil is in general a rich vhich issues from Loch Rannoch, and, tak- loam. The river Tyne intersects the south- ing an easterly course it expands into a small em part of the parish. Population 9^5. T Y N 2 T Y R

TYNKON, a parish in Dumfries-shire, a- TYREBEGCtAR, a ridge of hills in Aber-

bout 15 miles long, and on an average 4 1 deenshire, in the parish of D>ce. broad. The greater part of the parish is T YRIE, a parish in Aberdeenshire, about calculated for pasturing sheep; and the 10 miles long, and 4 and u half broad. The small proportion of arable land has a thin surface is agreeably diversified, and the soil saady soil. It is watered by the rivers is generally fertile. Population 1044. Scarr and Shmnel. The Doon of is TYRIE. VideTir-y. a beautiful pyramidal hill. Pop. 5G3. uv

V I G U N S

yAAKSAY, one ofthe smaller Hebrides, UIST (NORTH), an island of the Hebri- in the sound of Harris. des, belonging to Inverness-shire, between UAIGHMOR, a hill in Perthshire, parish Harris on the N., and Benbecula on the S., of Kilmadock. about 20 miles long, and from 12to 18broad. , an island of Shetland, W. of the That part of the coast which is washed by Mainland. the Atlantic is inaccessible to vessels, or e- VALLAFIELD, a hill in the island of ven to fishing boats, except in the calmest Unst, in Shetland. weather, on account of rocks and shoals. VANNACHOIR LOCH, a small lake in The E. coast also is bold, except where it is Perthshire, between the parishes of Port of intersected by several inlets of the sea. Ttlonteith and Callander. There are a great number of fresh water VATERNISH POINT, a remarkable pro- lakes. The parish of North Uist compre- montory on the N. W. coast of the isle of hends, the adjacent isles of Boreray, Orin- Sky. say, , Heisker, Kirkbost, lleray, Grim- U DN Y, a parish in Aberdeenshire, about say, and several small holms. Pop. 3010. 7 miles and a half square. The general ap- UIST (SOUTH), one of the Hebrides be- pearance is level, with small eminences. longing to Inverness-shire, in the district The soil is in general a deep loam, with a called the Long Island, between the isles of considerable proportion of marshy ground. Benbecula on the N., and Barray on the S. UDRIGILL-HEAD, a promontory on the It is about 32 miles long, and from 9 to 10 IV. coast of Ross- shire. broad. The principal harbours are, Loch VENNY, or FINNY, a small rivulet of Skiport, Loch Eynort, and Loch Boisdale. Angus-shire, -which rises in the neighbour- The parish of South Uist comprehends the hood of Forfar. adjacent islands of Benbecula, Rona, Eris- UGlE.ariverin Aberdeenshire. Ittakes kay, and several smaller islets. Pop. 459.0. sea, in a village on the coast of its rise about 20 miles from the two ULLAPOOL, W. different streams, the Stricken and Deer, Ross-shire, on Loch Broom. It is one of the which unite about 5 miles from the sea, at fishing stations of the British Society. Peterhead, and then take the name of Ugie. ULLAPOOL, a small riveriii Ross-shire, UIG, a parish in Ross-shire, in the S. W. which rises in the mountains, on the bor. into district oftheislandof Lewis, about 1.5 miles ders of Sutherland, and falls Loch long, and 13 broad. Loch Roag is an exten- Broom. of Hebrides, 2 miles sive arm of the sea, ahout 6 or S miles broad, , a small island and IS or 20 long, interspersed with islands, W. from Mull, between that isle and Staff a. Shetland the largest of which, called Bernera, Is no UNST, the most northern of the irregular oblong figure, less than 12 miles long. The whole lake a- isles. It is of an bounds with safe places of anchorage. Po- 1 2 miles long, by 3 or 4 broad. 1 1 is diver- pulation 208C. sified by several extensive ridges of hills, VIGEAN'S (ST.) a parish' in Forfarshire, and there are several fresh waterlakes The and on the coast to the E. and N. of Arbroath, shores of Unst are indented with bays and comprehending a great pact of the sub- creeks, and have many pasture islands and urbs eft hat town. It is 7 miles long, and small holms scattered around. The two deul.vt: principal harbours are Uya sound, on the S. ;::id Hallo on the K. The soil is to- rivtr DruUio.k. I'oou.J'a; sound u U Y A

Ierably fertile. Unst forms a parish, which, united parish in Ross-ahire, extending 9 of in 1801, contained 2259 inhabitants. 10 miles in length, and from 3 to 4 broad, VOIL LOCH, a lake in the parish of Bal- along the head of the Frith of Cromarty, quidder, Perthshire, about 4 miles long, and where the Conon discharges itself into that 1 broad; the source of the river Balvag, a arm of the sea. Population 2820. branch of the Teith. URR, or ORR, a parish in the stewartry VORD, a hill ra the island of Unst, in of Kirkcudbright, about 19 miles long, and Shetland. G broad. The surface is pretty level. The VOTERSAY, one of the Hebrides, in the parish is bounded by the Solway Frith on sound of Harris. the S., and by the water of Urr on the W., UPHALL, or STRATHBROK, a parish and possesses several harbours. Pop. 1719. in Linlithgowshire, containing 3120 Scots URR LOCH, a small lake in Kirkcud- acres. It is watered by the rivulet of Brox- brightshire, about 3 miles in circuit, border- burn, upon which is a village of the same ing with the parishes of Glencairn, Dun- name. Population 78G. score, Balmaclellan, and Ballingray. UPLAMOOR, a village in Renfrewshire. URR, a river in Kirkcudbrightshire, URCUAY, or URQUHAY, a river which which rises from the above lake, and falls rises on the borders of Perthshire, near the into the Solway Frith at the isle of Heston. source of the Tay, and after a course of 10 URRAY, a parish composed of the unit- or 12 miles, falls into Loch Ow. ed parishes of Urray and Kilchrist, lying for UR1E, a stream in Aberdeenshire, which the most part in Ross-shire, though a small rises in the district ot Garioch, and falls in- part is situated in Inverness-shire. It ex- to the Don at Inveruiy. tends about 7 miles, from the Beaulie to TRINE LOCH, in Ross-shire, about 3 the Conon, and its breadth varies from 6 to miles long, and 1 broad 5 miles. A small portion is insulated by URQUHART, a parish in Elginshire, a- the parish of Contin, and lies in the bosom bout 4 miles by 2, on the coast of the Moray of the mountains, at the distance of 18 or Frith, between the rivers Spey and Lossie. 20 miles. The soil is various, but tolerably-

There is only one lake, called the Loch of productive. Besides the two rivers which Cotts, about a mile in circuit; and Loch form itsN. and 3. boundaries, it is intersect- Nabeau forms the boundary between this ed by the Orrin, the , the Meig, and parish and that of St. Andrew's Lhanbryd. the Lichart. Population 2083. Population 1023. USABREST,anisletontheN. W. coast URQUHART and GLENMORISTON.a oftheisleofllay. parish in Inverness-shire, about 30 miles US AN, a village of Forfarshire, on the long, and from 8 to 13 broad. The surface sea coast, 3 miles S. W. of Montrose. is mountainous, comprehending the two VUIAY, a small islet on the S. W, coast vallies of Urquhart and Glenmoriston, of the isle of Sky. which extend in a westerly direction from U YA, a small pasture island of Shetland, Loch Ness, parallel to, and separated from which covers a safe harbour of the same each other by a ridge of lofty mountains. name, on the N. coast of the mainland. The rivers are Moriston, Enneric, and Coil- U YA, a small island of Shetland, about tie, all of which fall into Loch Ness. Po- a square mile in extent, lying on the S. pulation 2733. coast of the island of Un^L URQUHART andLOGIE-WESTER, an w

W A L

WADEHAVEN, a bay or harbour of the WALLS and FLOTA, a parish in Orkney, Frith of Forth, in Fifeshire, about a comprehending a part of the island of Hoy of Flcta, the mile E. from the town of Elie. called Walls, the island and WALLACETOVVN, a village in Ayrshire, small islands of Fara, Cava, and Gransey. in the parish of St. Quivox. This village Population 993. parish of nearly joins to the Newtown of Ayr, and in WALLS and SANDNESS, a of Walls 1792 'contained 7 GO iiUu'jiUajUj. Shetland, composed of Uie districts WEE 2 W H I and Sanduess, and the islands of Papastour upon the side of Loch Tay. The great mi- an ! Fowla. The two former districts lie litary road from Stirling to Inverness passes on the most western part of the mainland, through the parish, crossing the Tay at Tay and are somewhat of a triangular figure, 11 bridge, near Kenmore. miles long by 9 broad. Population IS! 7. WEM YSS, a parish in Fifeshire, on the WALSTON, a parishin Lanarkshire, near coast of the Frith of Forth, about 6 miles the southern borders of the county. It con- by land a half. It is entirely arable; though tains about 3000 Scots acres. P. 383. a considerable extent is occupied by the WALSTON-BLACK-MOUNT, a hill in plantations around Wemyss Castle. There the parish of Walston, about 1550 feet above are several considerable villages in the pa- the level of the sea. rish, viz. Wester Wemyss, a burgh of ba- WAMPHRAY, a parish in Dumfries- rony, Easter Wemyss, Buckhaven, Methil, shire, about 4 miles and a half long, and 3 a burgh of barony, and the East and West broad, somewhat in the form of an amphi- Coaltowns. Population 3691. theatre, of which the straight part isformed WESTERKIRK, a parish in Dumfries- by the river Annan. The banks of this ri- shire, about 9 miles in length, but very un- ver, for about a mile, is level and fertile; equal in breadth. Population 658. but, towards the N., the surface becomes WESTERTOWN, a village in the parish hilly and mountainous. The church and of Tillycoultry, Clackmannanshire. small village are romantically situated in a WESTMOINE, a district of Sutherland- deep and woody recess, on the banks of the shire, lying in the N. W. corner ofthe county. small river Wamphray which winds through WESTRAW HILL, a hill in Lanarkshire, the parish, falling into the Annan, after a in the parish of Pettinain, elevated about succession of stupendous waterfalls. P. 423. 1000 feet above the level of the sea. VVANLOCK, a small river on the borders WESTRAY, one of the Orkney islands, of Dumfries and Lanark shires, tributary to about 20 miles N. from Kirkwall, It is a- the Nith. bout 9 miles long, and its breadth varies WANLOCKHEAD, a parish in Dumfries, from 1 to 2 miles; but towards the W. end shire, in the parish of Sanquhar, contain- it is at least 6 miles. The coast is in gen- ing about 870 inhabitants. eral rocky, affording only 1 safe harbour, WARD, a fishing village in Aberdeen- which admits vessels of small burden. Some shire, near the Bullers of Buchan. corn js raised on this island, and there is a- WARDLAW.ahillin Selkirkshire, in the bundanceof fish caught in the neighbour- parish of Etterick, 1900 feet above the level hood. Population 1500. of the sea. WESTRAY, a parish of the Orkneys, WARTH HILL, a hill in Caithness, in comprehending the islands of Westray and the parish of Canisbay. , and containing 1624 inha- WARTH HILL, a hill in Orkney, on the bitants. S. side of the island of Pomona. WESTRUTHER, a parish in Berwick- WARTHOLM. a small island of Orkney, shire, about 5 miles long and 4 broad. A- near South Ronaldshay. bout one-half of the parish is hilly, and fit

WATERSAY, one of the Hebrides, a- only for pasture ; but the other half is level,

bout 1 mile S. of the island of Barray. It and either under culture, or susceptible of is about 3 miles long, and in some places 1 cultivation. There are 3 villages, Westru- broad. ther, Wetherly and Hounslow. P. 779. WATTIN, a parish in the county of WHALSAY, an island of Shetland, on Caithness, about 14 miles long, and 10 or the E. coast of the Mainland, about 6 miles

] 1 broad. It is level, and the soil light and long, and 3 broad, belonging to the paroch- sandy. It is watered by the ri ver W ick, and ial charge of Nesting. several other streams. Population 1246. WHINNION or WHINNYAN LOCH, a WATTIN LOC H, a beautiful lake in the small but beautiful lake in the stewartry of

above parish, about 3 miles long, and i. Kirkcudbright, lying between the parishes broad. of Girthon and Twyneholm. WAUCHOPE, a small river in Dumfries- WHITEBURN, a parish in West Lothian, shire, which joins the Esk near New Lang- about 6 miles in length, and between 2 and holm. 5 in breadth. It is watered by the Almond, , an irregular extensive parish of the Briech, and two rivulets, called the Perthshire, in Breadalbane. It is moun- Black and White burns. The village of tainous and rugged, watered by the rivers Whitebum lies on the road from Edinburgh Tay, Lyon*. Lochay, and Dochart, and lying to Hamilton by Midcalder. P. 1693. W I c W I G >

WHITEHILLS, a considerable fishing the place. Wick is the county town of town in the parish of Boynedie in Banffshire. the shire, and the seat of the Sheriff-court, WHITEKIRK, a parish in Haddington- It is one ofthe northern district ofboroughs; shire. Vide TYNNINGHAME. and, with Kirkwall, Dornoch, Dingwall, WHITENESS, a parish in Orkney. Vide and Tain, sends a member to parliament. TINGWALL. The parish of Wick extends about 20 miles WHITEN-HEAD, a promontory on the in length, and 10 in breadth. Besides the N. coast of Sutherland. harbour, formed by the river Wick, there WHITEWYND, or WHITE-WOOLLEN- are several boat stations particularly at Stax- HILL, a beautiful green hill in Dumfries- igoe, Broadhaven, and Louisburgh. The shire, in the parish of Drysdale. principal promontory is Nosshead. P. 3986. WHITHORN, a royal borough in Wig- WICK, a river in the county of Caithness, tonshire, seated on the bay of Wigton. The which rises in the high grounds, in the pa- town consists chiefly of one street, running rish of Latheron, and discharges itself into from N. to S. several alleys stretching to the the sea at the town of Wick. E. and to the W. About the middle of the WIG, a safe bay in Wigtonshire, in Loch town there is a hall for public meetings. A Ryan, nearly opposite to the village of beautiful stream of water, over which there Cairn. is a neat bridge, runsacross the main street. WIGTONSHIRE, sometimes called Up-

The houses are neat and commodious. It per or West Galloway, is of an irregular fi- is governed by a provost, 2 bailies, and 15 gure, the greatest length of which is about councillors, and unites with the burghs of 40 miles, and in no place is its breadth New Galloway, Wigton, and Stranraer, in more than 12, exceeding the two narrow- sending a representative toparliament. The promontories of the Mull of Galloway and parish of Whithorn is about 8 miles long, Burgh-head. It is bounded on the S. E. by and 4 broad, occupying the extremity of the bay of Wigton, which separates it from that peninsula of Wigtonshire formed by the the stewartry of Kirkcudbright. The bays bays of Wigton and Luce. The coast is bold of Luce and Ryan extend inland, for-ning and rocky. The headlands are Burgh-head, by their approximation a peninsula, called

Port-Yarrock-head, and Stun-head ; and the Rhyns of Galloway. There is no river the bays are, Port-Allan, Port-Yarrock, and of any size, except the Luce and the Cree, the isle of Whithorn. At the latter place which forms the boundary with the stewart- is a safe harbour, and a village containing ry of Kirkcudbright. It contains three roy- 350 inhabitants. Population 1935. al burghs, viz. Wigton, Stranraer, and Whithorn and HILLTON, a united ; the town of Port Patrick ; and parish in Berwickshire, about 4 miles and a several considerable villages, of which the half long, and 2 miles and a half broad. chief are Glenluce, Isle of Whithorn, Cairn, The land under culture is mostly a deep and Carliestown. Wigtonshire is divided

rich clay ; but there is a considerable ex- into 17 parishes; which, in 1811, contain- tent of moory and marshy ground. The ed 26,891 inhabitants. village of Whitsome contains about 140 in- WIGTON, a royal burgh, and capital of habitants. Population 560. that district of Galloway to which it gives WHITADDER, or WHITEWATER, a its name, is pleasantly situated on the side

river of Berwickshire, which has its rise in of a hill, near the mouth of the river Blaide • the mountains of Lammermuir, and falls noch. It is a port of the customhouse, com-' into the Tweed near Berwick, prehending the creeks of Wigtonshire from WHITTINGHAM, a parish in Hadding- the Mull of Galloway to the mouth of the tonshire, about 11 miles long, and 4 broad. river Dee. The town is governed by a pro- vost, The low ground is all arable and well cul- 2 bailies, and 12 councillors ; and, with tivated. The village of Whittingham lies Whithorn, Stranraer, and New Galloway, about 5 miles S. of Haddington. Near the sends a member to parliament. The parish village is Traprene Law, a small eminence. of Wigton is ofan irregular figure, approach- Population 658. ing to an oblong square, extending 5 miles WICK, a royal borough on the E. coast, and a half in length, and 4 in breadth. It of the county of Caithness, seated at the is watered by the Blaidenoch, and exhibits mouth of a small river of the same name, a considerable variety of soil and surface. the aestuary of which forms the harbour. Population 1711. The town is small, and the streets narrow WIGTON BAY, a bay ofconsiderable ex. and confined; but there are several build- tent, running northward from the Solway ings which are a considerable ornament to Frith into the interior of Galloway, It af- WIN i i W R A fords safe anchorage in many places, and tonshire, in the parish of Pencaitland, which possesses several good harbours. formerly gave title of Earl to the family of WILLIAM (FORT), a fortress, lately dis- Seton. mantled, which was situated at the eastern WIRRAN, one of the Grampians, in the extremity of Loch Linnhe, where it begins parish of Lethnot, Forfarshire. to turn northward to form Loch EH. It is WISP, a hill of considerable height in the garrisoned by a Governor, a Fort-major, parish of Cavers, in Roxburghshire. and a small company of soldiers. WISTOUN, a parish in Lanarkshire, to WILSONTOWN, a village in Lanark- which that of Robertoun is united. The shire, in the parish of Carnwath, 25 miles parish extends about 5 miles along the W. and a half S. W. of Edinburgh, erected by bank of the Clyde, and is nearly equally ex- Messrs. Wilson, to accommodate the work- tensive in the opposite direction. The sur» men at their extensive iron foundry. face is hilly, the ground rising from the WILTON, a parish in Roxburghshire, banks of the Clyde to the eastern border, lying on the banks of the Teviot, and con- where the hill of Tinto forms the boundary. taining about 5000 acres. The surface is The parish contains 3 villages, -viz. Robert - irregular, but in general fertile, and well stoun, Wistoun, and Newtown of Wistoun. cultivated. The village of Wilton lies a- Population 757. bout half way between Jedburgh and Ha- I WOODHAVEN, a small village in Fife, wick. Population 1307. shire, seated on the river Tay, opposite to WINBROUGH.a hill in Roxburghshire, Dundee, between which there is a regular in the parish of Hobkirk. WIND-HEAD FELL, a mountain in the WRATH (CAPE), a dangerous promon- j parish of Castletown, in Roxburghshire, ele- ! tory of Sutherland, being the N. W. corner vated 2000 feet above the sea level. I of the mainland of Scotland.

WINTON, a small village in Hadding- j

Y E L Y T H

XTARROW, a parish in Selkirkshire, a- YESTER, a parish in the county of East bout IS miles long, and 16 at its great- Lothian, about 3 miles long, and 2 broad, est breadth. The general appearance of without including that portion which makes the country is monntainous, affording ex- part of Lammermuir, and extends 2 miles cellent pasturage for sheep. Between this farther to the southward. The village of parish and that of Ettnck are two small Gifford, is a burgh of barony, containing a- lakes, the Loch of the Lows and St Mary's bout 400 inhabitants. Population 929. Loch, from which arise the rivers Etterick YETHOLM,a parish in Roxburghshire, and Yarrow. Population 1216. about 4 miles and a halflong, and 2 broad, YARROW, a celebrated pastoral stream bounded on the S. by the English border. in Selkirkshire, which rises from St Mary's The surface is hilly ; but the hills are co- Loch, in the parishes of Yarrow and Etter- vered with verdure, and affords pasture to ick, and after a course of about 16 miles, sheep. The town of Yetholm is pleasant- fallsinto the Etterick near the town of Sel- ly situated on the Bowmont water, which kirk. divides it into two parts* Population 1 138. YEA, a small river of Dumfries-shire, YICH-KENNISH, a small island of the tributary to the Nith. Hebrides, lying between North Uist and YELL, or ZELL, one of the most north- Benbecula. erly of the Shetland Isles, about 20 miles YOCHIN, a small riverin Dumfries-shire, long, and 1 2 broad. The coast is bold and tributary to the Nith. rocky, intersected by several bays or voes. YTHAN, or ITHAN, a river in Aber- It is divided into two parishes, viz. North deenshire, which rises in the parish of For- Yell, united to Fetlar in forming a paro- gue, and, after a course of 23 or 24 miles, chial district, and the united parishes of falls into the sea at Newburgh, in the pa- Mid and South Yell. Population 1965. rish of Foveran.