51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2020) 1755.pdf

OVERVIEW OF CHINA’S UPCOMING CHANG’E SERIES AND THE SCIENTIFC OBJECTIVES AND PAYLOADS For CHANG’E-7 MISSION Yongliao Zou1, Yang Liu1, and Yingzhuo Jia1 1National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Email: [email protected]

Since the 1990s, China has been planning lunar atoms with high space-time and energy resolution of exploration missions. From Chang’E CE-1 to CE-4 the Earth's magnetails and understanding the dynamics missions, China’s lunar exploration program (CLEP) of the earth's magnetails; (iv) researching the space has successfully completed the mission goals of environment such as lunar surface magnetic field, "orbiting" and "landing" of the lunar exploration lunar dust and particle radiation, revealing the project, showing the capability of reaching the Moon mechanism of solar wind causing the magnetic and landing on the lunar surface. The objectives of anomalies in the vortex region of the lunar surface [2]. "orbiting" and "landing" are: (1) to gain a global and The CE-7 probe, consisting of a relay satellite, an comprehensive understanding of the Moon through orbiter, a lander, a rover and a mini-flying probe, will orbital spacecraft exploration; (2) to conduct be equipped with 23 scientific payloads. The total exploration and surveying of the lunar surface with weight will be 8200kg, of which the weight of the landers and rovers. The CE-5 mission is expected to be scientific payloads is 415kg. By launching a relay launched by the end of 2020, completing the mission satellite and an orbiter, CE-7 will establish a relay target of "returning", i.e., collecting samples of lunar communication link from the lunar south polar region rocks and soils and bringing them to Earth. to the Earth, and will conduct a detailed survey of the In addition to CE-5 sample return mission, China environment and resources in the lunar polar region. In has proposed a series of follow-up plans to explore the situ science and resource exploration of the lunar south Moon [1]. With the south pole of the Moon as the main pole will be completed through the lander, rover and target, lunar in situ resource exploration and research mini-flying probe. The CE-7 probe will make will be carried out continuously through several breakthroughs in key technologies such as high- missions,. The overall scientific objectives include (i) precision lunar detailed survey, fixed-point landing, investigating the composition and structure of the shadow pit flying detection, and intelligent robots Moon’s interior; (ii) investigating the global adapted to the harsh environment of the lunar polar distribution, content, and source of water and volatile region, and will achieve new developments in space components; (iii) measuring the age of the South Pole- technology [3]. Aitken (SPA) Basin; (iv) investigating the space The relay satellite supports relay communication environment above the lunar south pole. (v) in situ and supports deep space VLBI measurement and radio lunar resource utilization experiments; (vi) Moon- observation research; The orbiter will carry the lander based observation and research of Earth; (vii) lunar and the rover to complete earth-moon transfer and orbit Very Long Baseline Interferometry system near-moon braking, release the relay satellite and the (VLBI) for astronomical research; (viii) scientific lander according to the flight procedures, and conduct experiments related to the lunar surface ecosystem. On high-precision detailed inspection of the Moon. The the basis of these objectives, CE-6, CE-7, and CE-8 lander carrying the rover and the mini-flying probe, missions are expected to be implemented. Through will make a soft landing on the south pole of the Moon these three missions, China will have the ability to to conduct scientific exploration of the lunar surface. reach the full lunar surface and achieve the goals for in After the lander lands safely, the rover will be situ scientific research, resource exploration and transferred to lunar surface to carry out the in situ application verification. Finally, a robotic scientific scientific explorations. The mini-flying probe, carrying research station prototype will be built on the south a science payload named Water Molecule and pole of the Moon by 2035. Hydrogen Isotope Analyzer, takes off from outside the The CE-7 mission, scheduled for 2024, is the first crater, lands in the permanently Shadowed area for a mission in the follow-up missions (i.e., CE-6, CE-7, short period of time, goes around and lands in the and CE-8) of CLEP. The scientific objective of the light-filled area of the crater rim to perform motion mission include: (i) obtaining the information of lunar detection [3]. inner ring structure, mineral and element components, In order to complete the above scientific mission the characteristic of the electric and magnetic fields, objectives, CE-7 is equipped with 2 science payloads heat flow and gravitational field; (ii) obtaining the on the relay satellite, 5 science payloads on the orbiter, distribution and source of lunar water and volatiles, 7 science payloads on the lander, and 4 science directly confirming the presence and source of water payloads on the rover, and 1 science payload on the ice on the Moon; (iii) imaging the energetic neutral mini-flying probe [4]. The configuration relationships 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2020) 1755.pdf

of each science payloads and the scientific exploration Flight Science payloads Mission Objectives missions are shown in table 1. Note that these scientific objectives and payloads proposed by Chinese Lunar Soil scientists were not finalized yet and changes may be Section Thermal Measuring the lunar Current soil heat flow made before launching. Measuring As CE-7 makes scientific explorations on the lunar Instrument Measure the south polar region, more mysteries will be revealed. Lunar Surface temperature of lunar China is open to cooperate with other countries on Thermometer surface lunar exploration, and encourages the participation of Extreme Obtain the imaging planetary scientists from all over the world to establish Ultraviolet data of the earth a lunar science platform for communication [5]. Camera plasma layer Table1. The configuration relationships of each Obtain the lunar science payloads and the scientific exploration Lunar seismic data on the missions Seismograph south pole Flight Science payloads Mission Objectives Rover Panoramic Obtain the topographic Relay- Obtain the global Camera data on the rover area Grid-based satellite imaging data of neutral Energetic Neural Obtain the magnetic atoms in the earth's Atom Imager Rover field and its gradient magnetosphere energy Magnetometer change on the rover lunar orbit Very area Earth-Moon VLBI Long Baseline measurement and radio Obtain the data of Interferometry astronomy observation Lunar Penetrating shallow structure of system Radar lunar soil on the rover Orbiter High Resolution High precision area Stereo Mapping topography of the lunar Obtain the data of Lunar Raman Camera surface mineral composition Spectrometer Miniature High precision on the rover area Synthetic topography of lunar Mini- Water Water molecule and Aperture Radar surface and permanent Flying Molecule and hydrogen isotope Wide Band Hshiagdhowprecision mineral flight Hydrogen measurement on the Infrared Spectrum composition and Isotope lunar Permanently Mineral Imaging surface thermal Analyzer Shadowed area Analyzer environment Acknowledgments: We thank all personnel who High precision help with scientific objectives and mission planning Lunar Neutron characteristic gamma and the support by National Science Foundation of Gamma ray and neutron flow China under Grant No. 41590851. Spectrometer data for lunar surface References: Combined with a rover [1]CNSA, “Chang’e-4 press conference” (2019). Lunar Orbit mometer to obtain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7FiaHwv-BI. Magnetometer lunar [2]CNSA. “Report on the Science Objectives and micromagnetosphere Application Objectives for the Fourth Phase of Lunar Lander Ldaatnading area Exploration Project” (2019). Landing Camera topography data [3]CNSA. “Report on the System Implementation Plan of CE-7 for the Fourth Phase of Lunar Topography Landing area Exploration Project” (2019). Camera topography data [4]CNSA. “Report on the Science Payloads Configuration Plan for the Fourth Phase of Lunar In-situ Measuring Exploration Project” (2019). System of In situ exploration of [5]CNSA, “Unite Nations/China Forum on Space Volatiles and volatiles in the landing Solutions: Realizing the Sustainable Development Istopes on Lunar area Goals” (2019). Surface