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Mission to Jupiter
This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines. -
NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE)
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-5107-2, 2011 EGU General Assembly 2011 © Author(s) 2011 NASA’s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) Richard Elphic (1), Gregory Delory (1,2), Anthony Colaprete (1), Mihaly Horanyi (3), Paul Mahaffy (4), Butler Hine (1), Steven McClard (5), Joan Salute (6), Edwin Grayzeck (6), and Don Boroson (7) (1) NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA ([email protected]), (2) Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA, (3) Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA, (4) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA, (5) LunarQuest Program Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL USA, (6) Planetary Science Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA, Washington, DC USA, (7) Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington MA USA Nearly 40 years have passed since the last Apollo missions investigated the mysteries of the lunar atmosphere and the question of levitated lunar dust. The most important questions remain: what is the composition, structure and variability of the tenuous lunar exosphere? What are its origins, transport mechanisms, and loss processes? Is lofted lunar dust the cause of the horizon glow observed by the Surveyor missions and Apollo astronauts? How does such levitated dust arise and move, what is its density, and what is its ultimate fate? The US National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council decadal surveys and the recent “Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon” (SCEM) reports have identified studies of the pristine state of the lunar atmosphere and dust environment as among the leading priorities for future lunar science missions. -
Comet Lemmon, Now in STEREO 25 April 2013, by David Dickinson
Comet Lemmon, Now in STEREO 25 April 2013, by David Dickinson heads northward through the constellation Pisces. NASA's twin Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft often catch sungrazing comets as they observe the Sun. Known as STEREO A (Ahead) & STEREO B (Behind), these observatories are positioned in Earth leading and trailing orbits. This provides researchers with full 360 degree coverage of the Sun. Launched in 2006, STEREO also gives us a unique perspective to spy incoming sungrazing comets. Recently, STEREO also caught Comet 2011 L4 PanSTARRS and the Earth as the pair slid into view. Another solar observing spacecraft, the European Space Agencies' SOlar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has been a prolific comet discoverer. Amateur comet sleuths often catch new Kreutz group sungrazers in the act. Thus far, SOHO has Animation of Comet 2012 F6 Lemmon as seen from discovered over 2400 comets since its launch in NASA’s STEREO Ahead spacecraft. Credit: 1995. SOHO won't see PanSTARRS or Lemmon in NASA/GSFC; animation created by Robert Kaufman its LASCO C3 camera but will catch a glimpse of Comet 2012 S1 ISON as it nears the Sun late this coming November. An icy interloper was in the sights of a NASA Like SOHO and NASA's Solar Dynamics spacecraft this past weekend. Comet 2012 F6 Observatory, data from the twin STEREO Lemmon passed through the field of view of spacecraft is available for daily perusal on their NASA's HI2A camera as seen from its solar website. We first saw this past weekend's observing STEREO Ahead spacecraft. As seen in animation of Comet Lemmon passing through the animation above put together by Robert STEREO's field of view on the Yahoo Kaufman, Comet Lemmon is now displaying a fine STEREOHunters message board. -
LADEE PDS Mission Description Center Document Document No: DES-12.LADEE.LPMD Rev.: 1.5 Effective Date: 05-13-2014
Ames Research Title: LADEE PDS Mission Description Center Document Document No: DES-12.LADEE.LPMD Rev.: 1.5 Effective Date: 05-13-2014 Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) LADEE PDS Mission Description th May 13 , 2014 Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California National Aeronautics and Space Administration i Ames Research Title: LADEE PDS Mission Description Center Document Document No: DES-12.LADEE.LPMD Rev.: 1.5 Effective Date: 05-13-2014 This document is approved in accordance with LADEE Configuration Management Plan, C04.LADEE.CM, paragraph 3.6.1.1 Document Release Routing Approval Process. Page three of this document contains the approved routed release of this document. Approval Signatures _______________________________________ ___________ Butler Hine Date LADEE Project Manager _______________________________________ ___________ Gregory T. Delory Date LADEE Deputy Project Scientist _______________________________________ ___________ Date _______________________________________ ___________ Date ii Ames Research Title: LADEE PDS Mission Description Center Document Document No: DES-12.LADEE.LPMD Rev.: 1.5 Effective Date: 05-13-2014 This page is reserved for routing approval document iii Ames Research Title: LADEE PDS Mission Description Center Document Document No: DES-12.LADEE.LPMD Rev.: 1.5 Effective Date: 05-13-2014 REVISION HISTORY Rev. Description of Change Author(s) Effective Date 1.0 Initial draft G. Delory Nov 1, 2012 1.1 Resolved several TBDs G. Delory Nov 29, 2012 Updated TOC and prepared for conversion to PDF March 21, 1.2 G. Delory 2012 Baseline March 21, NC G. Delory 2012 Edited mission objective #2 as per PDS peer review 1.3 G. Delory April 4, 2013 results Updated mission timeline and orbit plots to reflect as- 1.4 G. -
Building Nustar's Mirrors
20 | ASK MAGAZINE | STORY Title BY BUILDING NUSTAR’S MIRRORS Intro Many NASA projects involve designing and building one-of-a-kind spacecraft and instruments. Created for particular, unique missions, they are custom-made, more like works of technological art than manufactured objects. Occasionally, a mission calls for two identical satellites (STEREO, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, for instance). Sometimes multiple parts of an instrument are nearly identical: the eighteen hexagonal beryllium mirror segments that will form the James Webb Space Telescope’s mirror are one example. But none of this is mass production or anything close to it. nn GuisrCh/ASA N:tide CrothoP N:tide GuisrCh/ASA nn Niko Stergiou, a contractor at Goddard Space Flight Center, helped manufacture the 9,000 mirror segments that make up the optics unit in the NuSTAR mission. ASK MAGAZINE | 21 BY WILLIAM W. ZHANG The mirror segments my group has built for NuSTAR, the the interior surface and a bakeout, dries into a smooth and clean Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, are not mass produced surface, very much like glazed ceramic tiles. Finally we had to either, but we make them on a scale that may be unique at NASA: map the temperatures inside each oven to ensure they would we created more than 20,000 mirror segments over a period of two provide a uniform heating environment so the glass sheets years. In other words, we’re talking about some middle ground could slump in a controlled and gradual way. Any “wrinkles” between one-of-a-kind custom work and industrial production. -
Observational Artifacts of Nustar: Ghost-Rays and Stray-Light
Observational Artifacts of NuSTAR: Ghost-rays and Stray-light Kristin K. Madsena, Finn E. Christensenb, William W. Craigc, Karl W. Forstera, Brian W. Grefenstettea, Fiona A. Harrisona, Hiromasa Miyasakaa, and Vikram Ranaa aCalifornia Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, USA bDTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektronvej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark cSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ABSTRACT The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), launched in June 2012, flies two conical approximation Wolter-I mirrors at the end of a 10.15 m mast. The optics are coated with multilayers of Pt/C and W/Si that operate from 3{80 keV. Since the optical path is not shrouded, aperture stops are used to limit the field of view from background and sources outside the field of view. However, there is still a sliver of sky (∼1.0{4.0◦) where photons may bypass the optics altogether and fall directly on the detector array. We term these photons Stray-light. Additionally, there are also photons that do not undergo the focused double reflections in the optics and we term these Ghost Rays. We present detailed analysis and characterization of these two components and discuss how they impact observations. Finally, we discuss how they could have been prevented and should be in future observatories. Keywords: NuSTAR, Optics, Satellite 1. INTRODUCTION 1 arXiv:1711.02719v1 [astro-ph.IM] 7 Nov 2017 The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), launched in June 2012, is a focusing X-ray observatory operating in the energy range 3{80 keV. -
Spacecraft Trajectories in a Sun, Earth, and Moon Ephemeris Model
SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORIES IN A SUN, EARTH, AND MOON EPHEMERIS MODEL A Project Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Aerospace Engineering San José State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering by Romalyn Mirador i ABSTRACT SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORIES IN A SUN, EARTH, AND MOON EPHEMERIS MODEL by Romalyn Mirador This project details the process of building, testing, and comparing a tool to simulate spacecraft trajectories using an ephemeris N-Body model. Different trajectory models and methods of solving are reviewed. Using the Ephemeris positions of the Earth, Moon and Sun, a code for higher-fidelity numerical modeling is built and tested using MATLAB. Resulting trajectories are compared to NASA’s GMAT for accuracy. Results reveal that the N-Body model can be used to find complex trajectories but would need to include other perturbations like gravity harmonics to model more accurate trajectories. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my family and friends for their continuous encouragement and support throughout all these years. A special thank you to my advisor, Dr. Capdevila, and my friend, Dhathri, for mentoring me as I work on this project. The knowledge and guidance from the both of you has helped me tremendously and I appreciate everything you both have done to help me get here. ii Table of Contents List of Symbols ............................................................................................................................... v 1.0 INTRODUCTION -
Space Sector Brochure
SPACE SPACE REVOLUTIONIZING THE WAY TO SPACE SPACECRAFT TECHNOLOGIES PROPULSION Moog provides components and subsystems for cold gas, chemical, and electric Moog is a proven leader in components, subsystems, and systems propulsion and designs, develops, and manufactures complete chemical propulsion for spacecraft of all sizes, from smallsats to GEO spacecraft. systems, including tanks, to accelerate the spacecraft for orbit-insertion, station Moog has been successfully providing spacecraft controls, in- keeping, or attitude control. Moog makes thrusters from <1N to 500N to support the space propulsion, and major subsystems for science, military, propulsion requirements for small to large spacecraft. and commercial operations for more than 60 years. AVIONICS Moog is a proven provider of high performance and reliable space-rated avionics hardware and software for command and data handling, power distribution, payload processing, memory, GPS receivers, motor controllers, and onboard computing. POWER SYSTEMS Moog leverages its proven spacecraft avionics and high-power control systems to supply hardware for telemetry, as well as solar array and battery power management and switching. Applications include bus line power to valves, motors, torque rods, and other end effectors. Moog has developed products for Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) Systems, such as high power DC converters, switching, and power stabilization. MECHANISMS Moog has produced spacecraft motion control products for more than 50 years, dating back to the historic Apollo and Pioneer programs. Today, we offer rotary, linear, and specialized mechanisms for spacecraft motion control needs. Moog is a world-class manufacturer of solar array drives, propulsion positioning gimbals, electric propulsion gimbals, antenna positioner mechanisms, docking and release mechanisms, and specialty payload positioners. -
NASA-Funded Scientists Interested in Giving Presentations Are Invited to Join the New NASA SMD Scientist Speaker’S Bureau!
Welcome! Planetary Science E/PO Community Tag-up December 13, 2012 MESSENGER Finds New Evidence for Water Ice at Mercury's Poles Today • Community News and Announcements! • News from HQ – Data Call – Update on NASA Education Plan and Communications Plan • It’s A New Moon Campaign / LADEE Launch Events • AGU Reflections • LPSC Plans Community News & Announcements Science and E/PO Highlights A new episode of active volcanism on Venus? Halfway Between Uranus and Neptune, New Horizons Cruises On Early career scientists compete to convey their science to the public in three minutes … no PowerPoints! AGU, LPSC, and more! Finals: April 2014 at National Geographic Headquarters Winner competes in FameLab International in NASA's GRAIL Creates Most the UK in June 2014 Accurate Moon Gravity Map Science and E/PO Highlights NASA Mars Rover Fully Analyzes First Soil Samples Voyager 1 Encounters New Region in Deep Space What is Creating Gullies on Vesta? Opportunity Rover Finishes Walkabout on Mars Crater Rim Science and E/PO Highlights News from HQ • Data Call! Due … NOW! Really … no point in waiting to see if the world ends … • Recent governance changes: How the new NASA Education Plan and Communication Plan requirements will be implemented It’s A New Moon • Overall Strategy – take advantage of the excitement leading up to and during this mission to continue the successful “It’s A New Moon” public outreach program, highlighting the range of current NASA robotic lunar science missions, Lunar educational and public outreach activities, and building on the success and lessons learned from the GRAIL and LRO missions. -
Planetary Science
Mission Directorate: Science Theme: Planetary Science Theme Overview Planetary Science is a grand human enterprise that seeks to discover the nature and origin of the celestial bodies among which we live, and to explore whether life exists beyond Earth. The scientific imperative for Planetary Science, the quest to understand our origins, is universal. How did we get here? Are we alone? What does the future hold? These overarching questions lead to more focused, fundamental science questions about our solar system: How did the Sun's family of planets, satellites, and minor bodies originate and evolve? What are the characteristics of the solar system that lead to habitable environments? How and where could life begin and evolve in the solar system? What are the characteristics of small bodies and planetary environments and what potential hazards or resources do they hold? To address these science questions, NASA relies on various flight missions, research and analysis (R&A) and technology development. There are seven programs within the Planetary Science Theme: R&A, Lunar Quest, Discovery, New Frontiers, Mars Exploration, Outer Planets, and Technology. R&A supports two operating missions with international partners (Rosetta and Hayabusa), as well as sample curation, data archiving, dissemination and analysis, and Near Earth Object Observations. The Lunar Quest Program consists of small robotic spacecraft missions, Missions of Opportunity, Lunar Science Institute, and R&A. Discovery has two spacecraft in prime mission operations (MESSENGER and Dawn), an instrument operating on an ESA Mars Express mission (ASPERA-3), a mission in its development phase (GRAIL), three Missions of Opportunities (M3, Strofio, and LaRa), and three investigations using re-purposed spacecraft: EPOCh and DIXI hosted on the Deep Impact spacecraft and NExT hosted on the Stardust spacecraft. -
Little Books on Art General Editor: Cyril Davenport
L I TTL E B O O K S O N A R T GENERAL EDITOR : CY RIL DAVENPORT COR OT L I T T L E BO O K S O N A R T 1 01 2s 6d. n et Demy 6 0. S U B J E C T S I K N MINIATU RES . AL CE COR RA B DWA D ALMA CK OOKPLATES . E R R E H B WA T G E K A . L E RT. RS R AR T H B W T OMAN . AL ERS H MRS . A W Y T E ARTS OF JAPAN . C M S L E W R V N P T JE ELLE Y . C . DA E OR R R MRS . H . N N CH IST IN A T. JE ER R RS H N N R A T M . OU LADY IN . JE ER HR M B H N N C ISTIAN SY OLISM . JE ER W B ADLEY ILLUMINATED MSS . J . R R W ENAMELS . M S . NELSON DA SON R G N MEw FURNITU E . E A A R T I S T S R GEO GE PA TON OMNEY. R S R I N DU ER. L. JESS E ALLE IM REYNOLDS . J . S E W I R K TCH Y A S . D S E LE TT M SS E . PPN E H K IPT N HO R . P . K . S O T R R RAN CE Y ELL-GILL U NE . F S T RR H R H GAN MEw OGA T . -
The Highenergy Sun at High Sensitivity: a Nustar Solar Guest
The High-Energy Sun at High Sensitivity: a NuSTAR Solar Guest Investigation Program A concept paper submitted to the Space Studies Board Heliophysics Decadal Survey by David M. Smith, Säm Krucker, Gordon Hurford, Hugh Hudson, Stephen White, Fiona Harrison (NuSTAR PI), and Daniel Stern (NuSTAR Project Scientist) Figure 1: Artist©s conception of the NuSTAR spacecraft Introduction and Overview Understanding the origin, propagation and fate of non-thermal electrons is an important topic in solar and space physics: it is these particles that present a danger for interplanetary probes and astronauts, and also these particles that carry diagnostic information that can teach us about acceleration processes elsewhere in the heliosphere and throughout the universe. Such non-thermal electrons can be detected via their X-ray or gamma-ray emission, their radio emission, or directly in situ in interplanetary space. To date, the state of the art in solar hard x-ray imaging has been the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), a NASA Small Explorer satellite launched in 2002, which uses an indirect imaging method (rotating modulation collimators) for hard x-ray imaging. This technique can provide high angular resolution, but it is limited in dynamic range and in sensitivity to small events, due to high background. High-energy imaging of the active Sun is technically easiest in the soft x-ray band (see, for example, the detailed and dynamic images returned by the soft x- ray imager on Hinode, as well as the corresponding telescopes on Yohkoh and GOES), but these x-rays are generally emitted by lower-energy thermal plasmas.