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Home , Ames Research Center, Apollo Docking Mechanism, LADEE, LCROSS, NASA research, NASA Research Park

NASA Intelligent Systems and High End Computing

Dr. Eugene Tu, Director NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000

A 80-year Journey 1960

Soviet Union Russia Japan ESA India

2020 Illustration by: Bryan Christie Design Updated: 2015 Protecting our Planet, Exploring the Universe

Earth Planetary Astrophysics

Launch missions such as JWST to Advance knowledge unravel the of as a Determine the mysteries of the system to meet the content, origin, and universe, explore challenges of Understand the evolution of the how it began and environmental and its interactions and evolved, and search change and to with Earth and the the potential for life for life on planets improve life on solar system. elsewhere around other stars earth “NASA Is With You When You Fly”

Safe, Transition Efficient to Low- Growth in Carbon Global Propulsion Operations

Innovation in Real-Time Commercial System- Supersonic Wide Aircraft Safety Assurance

Assured Ultra-Efficient Autonomy for Commercial Aviation Vehicles Transformation

NASA Centers and Installations

Goddard Institute for Space Studies Plum Brook Glenn Research Station Independent Center Verification and Ames Validation Facility Research Center Goddard Space Flight Center Headquarters

Jet Propulsion Wallops Laboratory Flight Facility

Armstrong Flight Research Center Langley Research White Sands Center Test Facility Stennis Marshall Space Kennedy Johnson Space Space Michoud Flight Center Space Center Center Assembly Center Facility 75 Years of Innovation Lunar SOFIA Guidance System Tektites X-36 2015 Kepler Space Biology Blunt Body /11 Flight Concept SSERVI Simulator Apollo Heat Shield Tests 1990 2000 Mars Science Lab

Human Sustainability Base 1980 Centered Lifting Body Viking Computing Transonic Pioneer Flow

Air Transportation Life Sciences 1970 System Research Nanotechnology Flight NASA Research Park Research Tiltrotor IRIS 1960 Aero Swept- Institute Back/Wing

Kuiper Observatory ER-2 ISS Apollo LCROSS Re-Entry Shape CFD 1950 Conical Camber

Quantum 1940 Free Flight Institute Computing LADEE Arcjet Research 80x120 Wind Tunnel Ames Research Center

• Science – Space, Earth, Biological Sciences – Astrobiology, Lunar Science • Exploration Systems – Exploration Technology Development – Thermal Protection Systems – Supercomputing • Projects and Missions • & Aviation – NextGen Airspace Systems – Fundamental Aeronautics – Aviation Safety – Green Aviation • 2480 employees (50/50 FTE/WYE)* • Affordable Small • ≈$900M+ annual revenue (including reimbursable) • Innovation, Education, & Entrepreneurial Collaborations *in addition, ~900 students summer 2014 – NASA Research Park Partnerships • Partnering with external organizations to access capabilities under collaborative agreements • Entering into reimbursable agreements for partner access to NASA capabilities • Expanding overall landscape of space activity (maximizing public and private sector growth) • Spurring innovation International Commercial Virtual Institutes Interagency

NAI: the Community

Military NASA Research Academia Park Today’s Core Competencies

Intelligent/ Air Traffic Advanced Computing Entry Systems Adaptive Systems Management & IT Systems

Low-Cost Space Astrobiology and Space and Earth Aerosciences Missions Life Science Sciences 50

40

30

20 Utilization Allocated Capacity

System Billing UnitsMillions) (in 10

Supercomputing 0 Systems

NEX Large Quantum Scale Computing Visualization Big Data Analytics Capacity Computing

KEPLER

Time Critical Capability Computing Computing Kepler: Mission to re-write the science books on exoplanets • 4,690+ planet candidates • 37 candidates less than 2Re in the Habitable Zone • Eight candidates around Sun- like stars

New Kepler Planet Candidates 14 From Pixels to Planets

Threshold Crossing Events From Pixels to Planets Artificial Transit & BEB Raw Light Injection Machine Curves & Centroids Pixel level Photometric Pre-search Data Calibration Analysis Conditioning Raw Calibrated Data Pixels Corrected Threshold Light Crossing Curves Events Data Transiting Planet Diagnostic Validation Search Metrics & Reports PlanetInjection or Threshold detected?not? Crossing Event Auto/Robo-Vetting Review Team

Applying machine learning to candidate evaluation Today’s Core Competencies

Intelligent/ Air Traffic Advanced Computing Entry Systems Adaptive Systems Management & IT Systems

Low-Cost Space Astrobiology and Space and Earth Aerosciences Missions Life Science Sciences Aeronautics Air Traffic Management

2015 ATD-1 Air Traffic Demonstration ATD-1 2012 EDA Integrated trajectory- based arrival tools 2005 FACET Efficient Descent The Future ATM Advisor technology Concepts Evaluation transitioned to FAA 1998 TMA Tool for simulation of Traffic Management advanced ATM 1986 CTAS Advisor tool for time- concepts Center/TRACON based arrival metering Automation System into airports transferred application of trajectory to FAA prediction algorithms 2015 UTM, to air traffic control 2011 Real- UAS 1999 Adaptive Time Autonomy Flight Control Prognostics Autonomous Evaluate system Neural Net based Unmanned Vehicle 1980 CFD health to predict learning for adaptive Technologies and Computational Fluid future performance control Airspace Management Wind Tunnels Dynamics. Use of Evaluate vehicle numerical simulation for aerodynamics aerodynamic analysis Vehicle Technologies and Autonomy Air Traffic Demonstration – ATD-1 (2015) Overview

• Time-Based Flow Management Flight Deck Interval generates a conflict-free arrival FIM Management for Arrival Operations schedule based on current airport Controller-Managed CMS Spacing in Terminal constraints Airspace • Controller Managed Spacing provides controllers with the information needed to precisely space aircraft. • Flight Deck Interval Management provides guidance to pilots to maintain spacing behind another aircraft

Key Results Traffic Management TMA-TM Advisor with • High-fidelity simulations Terminal Metering NASA Technologies demonstrated plus ADS-B Infrastructure  Increased throughput Area Navigation (RNAV) Arrivals  Lower controller workload Required Navigation Performance (RNP)  Greater fuel efficiency, lower Optimized Profile Descents (OPD) emissions • Initial Technologies transferred to FAA UAS Traffic Management (2015)

Overview • Research, Development and Validation of Airspace Operations and Integration Requirements to Enable Safe, Large-Scale UAS Operations in Low-altitude Airspace Approach • Autonomy-reliant system with 4 technical capability levels for increasingly complex environments • Engaged 150+ stakeholders for concepts and demonstrations • UTM convention in July 2015 at Ames with 1200 attendees • Demonstrated initial capability in August 2015 with 11 partners

2007 2016 NODES 2003 Mars Spacecraft relaying ground Exploration Rovers commands and science data Mixed-Initiative Activity Planner (MAPGEN) Ensemble: between satellites while Collaborative Information Portal (CIP) Rover activity planning & scheduling autonomously determining order MERBoard Collaborative Workspace of network communication

1997 2015: AMO Remote Agent 2005 Earth 2012 Mars Demonstrate crew The first demonstration of an autonomy protocols and onboard autonomous spacecraft Observing - 1 Science Lab technology onboard ISS control system Livingston on-board model- Ensemble: based diagnostic Rover activity planning & scheduling MER Mission Operations Tools (’00 – ’04) MER science and uplink team members have estimated that overall science return increased by 20 – 50%.

MAPGEN: Activity plan development MERBoard: Collaborative and analysis information analysis & sharing

Viz: High fidelity CIP: terrain modeling Customizable and analysis data navigation, search, and information management

Sojourner ’97 MER ’04 Phoenix ’07 MSL ’11 ACTIVITY MISSION ACTIVITY MISSION PLANNING AND PLANNING FOR PLANNING FOR SELF-SCHEDULING SCHEDULING FOR MARS CREW ON ISS AND PLANNING HUMAN ROBOTIC TEAMS / FUTURE 2015 Astrobee Robotics 2014 Planetary Free-Flyer 2007 Robotic Lake Lander Autonomous nav, docking 2002 Single Cycle Adaptive science for and recharge, and mobile Instrument Site Survey dynamic phenomena in sensor IVA work on the ISS. Systematic autonomous deep-space missions. Placement survey with rovers. Field Field testing in Chile. Approach and place an instrument in testing at Haughton Crater. one command cycle. Method has since been used on Mars with MER.

2015 Self Driving Car 2010 ATHLETE Adapt space robotics 2005 Autonomous 2014 Advanced technlology to “fleet Footfall Planner management” use. Visual Inspection Safe, energy-efficient Navigation Robotic “walk around” inspection walking with the ATHLETE Autonomous map and feature- for future lunar sortie operations. robot on rough terrain. based localization for future Universal Executive and PLEXIL. planetary rover missions.24 Astrobee Space Robot (2015-) Overview • Free flying robot for inside the ISS • Astrobee will be used by flight controllers for mobile IVA sensing • Astrobee will be used as a robotic testbed (like SPHERES) Concept of operations • Mission control uploads plans to robot for autonomous execution • Astrobee has on-board fault recovery (stop, terminate, return) • Mission control can remotely intervene if needed Safe autonomous operations • Task execution / notification • Perching & station keeping • Docking & resupply National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Technology

1 26 Questions? We Are Ames Backup Slides From Pixels to Planets

Threshold Crossing Events Planetary Lake Lander (2011-2014)

Overview • Analog for future probes to the seas of ( mission) • Autonomously learns about dynamic environment • On-board focusing of limited resources to improve science Adaptive science • Adaptive sampling ( column profiling) • Dynamic event monitoring (storm detection / measurement) • Adaptive shore approach • Adaptive telemetry uplink (dynamic data triage)