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FORESTPEST CONDITONS IN CALIFORNIA-L}92
A Publication of the California ForestPest Council THECALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL The California ForestPest Council (formerly the Cdi- This report, FOREST PEST CONDITIONS IN fornia ForestPest Control Action Council) was CALIFORNH - 1992,is compiled for public and pri- establishedin 1951.Membership is opento public and vate forest land managen0o keep them informed of pest private forest managers,foreslers, silviculturists, ento- conditionson forestedland in California, and as an his- mologists,pathologists, zoologists, and othen interested torical recordof pest trendsand occurrences.The report in the protection of forestsfrom damagecaused by ani- is basedlargely on information provided by four mals,disease, ins€cts, and weeds. The Council's sources:(l) ttre sta&e-wideCooperative Pest Survey, in objective is to establistr"maintain, and improve corlmu- which federal,state, and privale forestersard land man- nication amongindividuals. FORESTPEST CONDITIONS IN CALIFORNIA.1992 TABLEOF CONTENTS Section Page TIIE CALIF'ORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL I TABLE OF CONTENTS ii STATUS AND CONTROL OF INSECTS I STATUS AND CONTROL OF DISEASE t4 STATUS AND CONTROL OF WEEDS 2l STATUS AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL PESTS 23 SURVEYS AND EVALUATIONS v FOREST PEST DETECTION REPORT FORM {2 COUNCIL AND COMMITTEE OFFICER^S u t STATUS AND CONTROL OF INSECTS A REPORT TO TTIE CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COT,'NCIL FROM TI{E INSECT COMMITTEE JOHN DALE, CHAIR JEANETTE NEEDHAM, SECRETARY I Pago2 STATUSAND CONTROLOF INSECTS Pine mortality in YosemiteNational Park was reported 0ohave increased dramatically in 1992,and to be higher thanthat which occurred during the drought of 1976-77. WESIERNPINE EEETIE, Dendroctonus Southem California. Tree mortality associatedwith brevlcomis. the westernpine beetle and other pine feedingscolytids wasreduced compared to previousyears. For example, North Coest Mortality of ponderosapine was notedin 1992mortality on the SanJacinto Ranger District (San scatteredfees at the Baxter Ranchnortheast of Ukiah BernardinoNational Forest) is estimatedto be lessthan and in large (25+) groupson Asa BeanRidge, northeast 20%of mortalitylevels in the late 1980s,while on the of Covelo(both Mendocino County). The Hobergarea PalomarRanger District (ClevelandNational ForesQ (southwestTrinity County)and Boggs Mountain (Lake mortalityis only slightlyless. The westernpine beetle County) had scatteredmortality. wasinvolved in the mortalityof somefre injuredpon- derosapine on the 1200acre Stockton Fire on the Cajon Northern. Ponderosapine mortality causedby drought RangerDistrict (SanBernardino National Forest, San and weslernpine beetleincreased in 1992.Some lim- BernardinoCounty), and with a group-killof stagnating ited areasof moderateto heavypine mortality occuned Coulterpine on theTujunga Ranger District (Angeles in the vicinity of Soldierand Saddle Mountains near NationalForest, Los AngelesCounty). Significant rain- Burney(Shasta County), and just southof Day (Modoc fall occunedin Marchof 1991,and precipitation was and ShastaCounties). Heavy mortality wasobserved on very heavyin southernCalifornia in the winterof l99l- the MendocinoNational Forestnear Sugarfoot Glade, 92. Favorablesoil moisturelevels and previous mortal- and on the south-facingslope of ThomasCreek near ity of manysusceptible trees may be responsiblefor the Devil's Basin,both in TehamaCounty. Heavy mortality lowermortality levels observed this season. was also notedalong McAdam Creek,north of Fort Jones,and also along the I-5 corridorsouthwest of PINE ENGRAVERBEEILES, /ps spp. Yrekain SiskiyouCounty. Ponderosa pine mortality wasevident by earlyspring in the Mud Flow Research North Coast As with the westernpine beetle,pine en- NaturalArea nearMcCloud, Siskiyou County. Both graveractivity wasobserved in scatteredmortality or droughtand blackstainroot diseasecontributed to stress topkill of ponderosapine on the BaxterRanch, and in on the treesin the Mud Flow area.Small groups of old largegroup kills on Asa BeanRidge (Mendocino growthponderosa pine mortality,often mixed with County).Several pockets ofknobcone pine on Konocti sugarpine or Douglas-firmortality, wene common on Mountainin LakeCounty were killed. Pineengravers dry, sideridges along the Klamathand Scott Rivers, continuedto attackpitch canker-stressedMonterey SiskiyouCounty. Scattered old growthponderosa pine pinesin AlamedaCounty (Hayward) and Santa Cruz werekilled by drought,overstocking, and western pine County(several areas). beetlewest of Poison[:ke, LassenCounty. Scattered Northem. Ipsmexicanus continued to kill old old growthponderosa pines on TimberMountain, knobconepine located near Lake Siskiyouand on ModocCounty, were killed by westernpine beetle. McCloudFlats, Siskiyou County. Some ponderosa pine Thercis considerableponderosa pine mortality on Tim- topswere killed by pineengraver beetles in the south- berMountain, but mostof it is a resultof directmortal- ern endof the ScottRiver Valley, SiskiyouCounty. ity from fre scorch,or attacksby mountainpine beetle There wasa spot of mortality causedby lps pini near or Californiaflatheaded borer. BlacksMountain Experimental Forest, Lassen County, which wasassociated with loggingslash.lps para- Sierra. Westernpine beetle/droughtrelated mortality confususand to a lesserextent the westernpine beetle continuedat abovenormal levels during 1992through- wereresponsible for ponderosapine mortality near Hay- out mostof the lower to mid-elevationwestside pine fork (Trinity County). andmixed conifer stands. Mortality wasnoled as occur- ring in isolated,scattered, small group-kills (trees) and Sierra. Pineengraver activity wasscattered throughout pine alsoextensively within specificdrainages. Mortality of muchof the andmixed conifer types and continued groupsofvarying sizewas particularly heavy in the to beevident on the westside of the SierraNevada. At- AmericanCamp and Ruby Hill areas(Miwok Ranger tacksby pineengraver beetles were often noted in asso- District)and in the ManuelCompartment (Calaveras ciationwith westernpine beetlein ponderosapine. pole-size RangerDisuict), StanislausNational Forest; in theJose Severalscattered ponderosawere killed by pine (Calaveras Basinand around Oakhurst (Pineridge Ranger District), engraversin the Wire Conal area SierraNational Forest; and in theColony Mill Ridge RangerDistrict) on the StanislausNational Forest. andMilk Ranchareas in Sequoia-KingsCanyon Na- Southerl California" Engraverbeetles were abundant tionalParks. Mortality occurredextensively throughout in slashon the SanBernardino National Forest (San Ber- drainagesaround McKenzie Ridge (Hume Lake Ranger nardinoCounty), but topkill of nearbytrees was not ob- District)and Breckenridge Mountain (Creenhorn served,perhaps because of the favorablegrowing RangerDistrict), Sequoia National Forest. conditions.A similarsituation occurred on the Mt. I Page3 PinosRanger District (Los PadresNational Forest,Kern standkilled by 1991fir engraverattacks, and an addi- County), whereinfested slash was not associatedwith tional5l% of the standunder attack during 1992.ln subsequentdamage to living tees. easternSiskiyou County, tue fu mortality is moderate However,Ips paraconfusrrswas associatedwith high 0olocdly hea"y, particulady north and eastof Pondosa mortalityin a 20 acre,lGyear-old Coulter pine planta- wherefir engraverattacks made in l99l killed about tion growingoff-site on Mount Palomar(Cleveland Na- one-thirdof the white fir in an areaof about 85,000 tional Forest,San Diego County). acres. Ips confususcontinued to contributeto mortality of Easeideforests have received very little precipitation singleleafpinyoninfected with blackstain root disease duringthe past two winlers,with the l99ll9Zwater in the SanBernardino Mountains. year being particularly poor. Sincetrue fir mortality de- tectedthis spring and summerlargely representsfir en- graveractivity in 1991,it is reasonableto predictthat FIR ENGRAVER,Sco/yfus ventrcli& tme fir mortality seennext spring will be evenhigher. North Coast Scatteredmortality of white fr occurred Truefir mortalityin excessof 5O%is not uncommonon in portionsof Mendocino,Lake, and Humboldt Coun- someof the mostheavily impacted sites. ties.Incidence is muchlower thanin 1990and l99l in Sierra" True fir mortality associatedwith the fir en- lhe more coastalareas of the region. graverappeared to remainat abovenormal levels in iso- White fr mortality was higher than normal in the inte- latedareas in westsidemixed conifer and true fir stands. rior, but still tendedto be scattered.Extensive areas of Mortality was extensiveon the EldoradoNational For- topkill andbranch flagging were visible near the crest est in the Echo Summit and Matulich areas(Placerville of the CoastRange in areassuch as Cherry Lake and RangerDistrict); Bell Mountain(Miwok RangerDis- GovernmentFlat alongthe Trinity-Tehama County trict), StanislausNational Forest; Milk Ranchand Min- boundary. eral King areasin Sequoia-KingsCanyon National (Greenhorn Northern The most active bark beetlewithin the re- Parks;and on BreckenridgeMountain gion wasthe fir engraverbeetle, which continued to be RangerDistrict), Sequoia National Forest. Extensive responsiblefor extensivemortality of true flrrson easts- areasof old andcurrent fr mortalitycontinue to be evi- ide sites from southernLassen County to Lake Tatroe dent tfuoughoutthe l-ake TahoeBasin. within the establishedNorth SierraZone of Infestation As a resultof engraverattacks during I 99I , the fre- (Stateof California).The mostdramatic increase in true quencyof top-kill wasabove normal on theEldorado fir mortality,however, was documented during an aerial andStanislaus National Forests during the springof surveythat includedportions of Lassen,Modoc, Shasta 1992.Topkill wasscattered throughout the mixedconi- andSiskiyou Counties. Lassen County in particularhas fer andtrue fir types. heavymortality in the areafrom BlacksMountain east Fir mortality in YosemiteNational Park wasreported to to EagleLake and south to FredonyerPass and Hamil- haveincreased dramatically in 1992,and to be higher ton Mountain.Heavy fir mortalityhas been noted at thanthat which occurred during the droughtof 197677. FredonyerPass on Highway36. Mortality andtop-kill Within theNorth SierraZone of Infestationa notablein- is visible from peaks HighwayM on manyof the in the creasein true fir mortality was seenin the Dixie Val- westernhalf of Lassen Countysuch as Roop Mountain, ley/FrenchmenLake area of southeast Plumas County. RoundValley Butte,Bogard Butte, and Poison Butte. Southem California" Mortality of whirc fir associated In ModocCounty, mortality is heaviestin the southwest with this insectappears to haveincreased in the vicinity corner of the countyin the vicinity of Big Valley and of Mt. Palomar(San Diego County). JimmersonMountains, although significant mortality occursin true fir habitatelsewhere. Top-kill of whitefir is heavyin the RoneyFlat-Higgins Flat areanorth of REDTURPENTINE BEETTE, Dendrocfonus valeng Adin. North Coasl SeveralMonterey pines with pitch canker Numerouswhite fir in a bandbetween 4,000 and 5,000 werekilled by red turpentinebeetles in SantaCruz and feetelevation on the southand east sides of Mt. Shasta AlamedaCounties. In addition,other drought-stressed fadedand became visible from Interstate5 andHigh- Montereypines throughout the region were killed by way 89 duringthe summer.White fir mortalityis com- this beetle.At leasttwo dozenMonterey pines were mon in the northwestand eastern portions of Lassen killed at the fairgroundsin Ukiah. VolcanicNational Park, and also near the Tamarack Northera. Much of the ponderosaand Jeffrey pine mor- trailheadto theThousand Lakes Wilderness. Shasta tality seenin northernCalifomia this yearinvolved County. heavyattacks by the red turpentinebeetle. Even the True fir mortalitywas visible from the air in the rain mortalityof largesaplings on the Hat CreekPlateau, shadowareas along the easternedge of the RussianWil- which is commonlyassumed to be causedby pineen- dernessand Marble Mountains Wilderness in western graverbeetles, was actually a resultofattacks by red tur- SiskiyouCounty. A white fir standlocated approxi- pentinebeetle and California flatheaded borer. It was mately5 milesnortheast of Fort Joneshad 19%of the commonto find largetrees completely girdled by tur- Pago4 p€ntinebeetle from below the groundline on the major festedDouglas-fr had a mycelial fan of Armillaria root roots,to asmuch as 10feet above the ground.Some at- diseaseunder the barkat the root crown. tacksproduced only dry granularfrass, rather than pitch tubes. JEFFREYPINE BEEIIE,Dendrocfonus jeffreyl. Sierra. Attacks by red turpentinebeetle continued to be cornmonon ponderosapine, frequently in association Northem. Scatteredold growth Jeffrey pines havebeen with the westernpine beetle.Attacks in pole-sizepon- killed along HighwayE9 in ShastaCounty, outside the derosapines wer€ corlmon in the SawmillMountain lassenVolcanic National Park entrance, as well asin- area,Groveland Ranger District, StanislausNational side the Park from Manzanital-ake to Upper Kings Forest,and in the JoseBasin, PineridgeRanger District, CreekMeadow. A Jeffrey pine beetleinfestation near SierraNational Forest.The SequoiaNational Forestre- the Tamaracktrailhead to the ThousandLakes Wilder- portedconsiderable red turpentinebeetle activity in nesshas been killing treesfor severalyean. The old sugarpine. growthJeffrey pine overstoryis beginningto become depleted.A few smallgroups of olderJeffrey pines MOUNTAfNPINE BEEILE, Dendroctonus pon- growingon lavaflows nearPole Springs, Lassen derosoe. County,were killed, anda largegroup of old Jeffrey pine was killed by Jeffrey pine beetlenear the southend Northenr. Mortality varied by host tree species. of AshurstLake, LassenCounty. Numerousgreen at- Lodgepolepine mortalityhas been slowly increasing tackedtrees, as well asdead trees which had not fade4 aroundmeadows on the GoosenestRanger District, were detectedin the samearea in Septemberof 1992. Klamath National Forest,for severalyears. Mountain Severedrought and a denseunderslory of white fir con- pine beetlecontinues to kill lodgepolepine nearEiler tributed to the mortality. and BarrettLakes in the ThousandLakes Wilderness, Sierrs. Abovenormal levels of Jeffreypine mortality ShastaCounty. Some ponderosa pine on TimberMoun- werereported from the California side of the Lake tain in Modoc County hasbeen attacked by mountain TahoeBasin, while somevery heavymortality has oc- pine beetle.Several years of&ought, severalyears of curredon drier siteson the Nevadaside. blackpineleafscale infestation, and a 1,400acre fire duringthe summerof 1992have all contributedto the mortalityon TimberMountain. The mountainpine bee- SPRUCEBEET|E, Dendroctonus rufipenna. tle alsocaused mortality to somesugar pine infested pockets with blackpineleaf scale on JimmersonMountain North CoasL No further mortality were noted year's group (ModocCounty). However, sugar pine mortalily usually in areassurrounding last mortality near wascaused by droughtand mountain pine beetle attacks Patrick'sPoint State Park in HumboldtCounty. and was widely scatteredacross northern California. Sierra. Mortality of sugarpine caused by mountain ROUNDHEADEDFIR BORER, Tetroplum obletis pine beetleappeared to declinethroughout the westside Northerrr. Red fir mortality causedby drought-stress of the SierraNevada during 1992when compared with androundheaded fir borer infestationwas common in the lasttwo years.Mortality occurringin individualand LassenVolcanic National Park, Shasta County, and par- groupsof sugarpine wasnoted along Highway 168 to ticularlyvisible along Highway 89 insidethe Parkfrom TamarackRidge (Pineridge Ranger District), Sierra Na- tional Forest. aboutSummitLake to EmeraldLake. Red firmortality causedby roundheadedfir borerwas low to moderate on the GoosenestRanger District, Siskiyou County, in DOUGTAS-FIRBEETLE, Dendroctonus the areabetween Chandler Glade and Ball Mountain. pseudotsugae. White fir mortalityon the easternpart of the Goosenest North Coasl Attacks on scatteredblack stain infected RangerDistrict, from aboutBlue Canyonto Medicine trcesoccurred primarily in JacksonDemonstration Lake,was light, but manytrees have incipient infesta- StateForest, Mendocino County. A build-upof beetles tionsofroundheaded fir borer. in blowdownled to attacksof severaltrees in a two.acre Sierra. This woodborerwas commonly found in associ- mixedconifer stand near Crannell, Humboldt County. ationwith the fir engraverin white fir mortalitythrough- Northem" A few infestedtrees were found along Camp out the westsidemixed conifer and true fir types. Creek,below the MethodistCamp on theMt. Shasta RangerDistrict in SiskiyouCounty. Old age,and severe FfRFLATHEADED BORER. Melonophilo dwarf mistletoeinfesiation played major roles in the drummondl. deathof thesetrees. At leastone tree wasinfested with Douglas-fir beetlein a summerhome tract on the east North Coast Borersattacked hundreds of drought- shoreof [,akePillsbury, Mendocino National Forest. stressedDouglas-firs and/or Douglas-firs infected with The infestedtree was in a mixedgroup of deadand de- Armillariaor blackstain disease in southwesternTrin- clining Douglas-fuand California black oak. The in- ity, southeasternHumboldt, and northeas0ern L Page5 MendocinoCounties. Incidence appears comparable to andhas thinned overstocked areas to relieve stresson last year. leavetrees. Parasite release programs are planned for Sierrs. This woodborerwas commonly found in associ- the Stanfordarea. ationwith the firengraverin white fir mortalitythrough- out the westsidemixed conifer and true fir types. ROOT COLIAR WEEVIL,Pissodes sp. North Coast A few hundredBishop pine saplingsor DOUCLAS-FIRENGRAVER, Sco/ftus unispinosus small poleswere killed in the SprowelCreek area of North Coast Incidenceof attacksis downregion-wide HumboldtCounty by a root collar weevil,likely from previousyears. Pissodesradiata and roundheaded borers (as yet uniden- tified). CATIFORNIAFIAIHEADED BORER, Melonophilo collfornlco CAtf FORNfAOAKMOTH, Phrygonidlo colifornico. Northern"Drought stress has been severe enough in northernCalifornia that most dead and dying pineshave North Coasl Larval feedingcontinues to causedefolia- evidenceof infestationby Califomia flatheadedborer. tion of coastlive oak in a few localesin SantaCruz California flatheadedborer wascommonly encountered County.Flights of this insect were notedin the Stanford in dying ponderosapine whichhad been stressed by sev- Univenity arboretum(San Mateo County) and near eral yearsof blackpineleaf scale infestation near the in- Piercyin NorthernMendocino County. tersectionof StateHighways 299 and89 in eastern ShastaCounty. California flatheadedborer wascom- GYPSYMOII{, Lymontrlodispor. mon in severalfresh slash piles being monitored for the developmentof lps pini broodson the Hat Creek Catifornig. Detectionsin 1992remained at low levels (Tables RangerDistrict, nearthe Shasta-kssen County line. | &.2). Oneof thedetections did occurat a vari- Feedingby flatheadedborer larvaereduced the brood nral forestlocation Clable 2). Six specimensfrom successof Ipspini. ouslocations have been submitted for mtDNA analysis, which separalesAsian gypsy mothsfrom European (easternNorth America)gypsy moths. In 1992,no CEDARBARK BEETIES, Phloeosinus spp, mothsfrom anywherein the United Staleshas as yet North CoasL Both redwoodand Port-Orford-cedar beenidentified as the Asianstrain. werekilled or topkilled following buildupof beetlesin blowdownat the edgeof a clearcutnear Crannell, Hum- boldt County. TABLE 1. CALIFORNIA GYPSY MOTH SITUATION - 1992 ftopenieswth AMETHYSTCEDAR BORER, Semonotus Traps Adults vbHeeggrnasJ Sites omethystinus Year Placed Trapped Counties pupalcases Treated Northern. Amethystcedar borer was common in 1984 30,000 25 925 deadand dying Port-Orford-cedaron theeast 1985 28,000 28 1032 sideof the SacramentoRiver nearConant and Sweetbriar,Shasta County. The treeswere grow- 1986 27,000 20 910 ing in a thin layerof soil overbedrock adjacent 1987 19,000 6 511 to the river. Droughthas apparently reduced the 1988 20,000 13 600 amountof soil moistureavailable lo sometrees. 1989 Port-Orford-cedarroot diseasewas not found in 21,000 56 1420 the area 1990 21,000 24 8 0 1 1991 21,000 7 5 1 0 EUCALYPTUSLONGHORNED BORER, Pho- 199222,6M'ggOO rocantho semipunctoto. t. 4321trapsplaced for asiangypsy moth North Coasl A bluegumwith characteristicgal- leriesand pupal chambers was found along Arastradero Roadin PaloAlto. This treewas located in a standof approximately100 dead and/or declining bluegums. Frostdamage was a factorin thedecline. This report probably is part of the infestationthat hasoccurred the pastfew yearson the StanfordUniversity campus. The Universityhas removed and chipped many dead trees, t] Paga 6 TABLE 2" LOCATION OF GYPSY MOTHS tive USDA-APHIS,USFS, and ODA eradication,exclu- CAUGHT IN CALIFORNIA IN 1992 sion and detectionprogram. Both eradicationprograms consistedof threeapplications of B.Lk (0.5 CountY Locatlon rM) ilaf24B.l.UJacre,Foray 488 appliedby helicopter LosAngeles Lancaster(East 6th St.) andtook placeduring April-May." Sacramento SacramentofU" St.) 1992Gypsy Moth Survey Program. "Forty-seven SanDiego Carlsbad(Redwing St.) gypsy mothshave been detected at eight new and three SanFrancisco SanFrancisco (Dolores St.) old sitesin Oregonin 1992(Table 3). All forty-scven SanBernardino gypsy mothsdetected in 1992were submittedto the SantaBarbara Lompoc(Hazelnut St., USDA Otis MethodsDevelopment Center for wing VandenbergAFB) morphometricand DNA analysisto determinewhether To dl SantaClara Campbell(McBainAve.) they are of the Asian or Europeanstrain. dat€ gypsy mothssubmitted have been identified through Stanislaus Turlock(Montana Ave.) DNA analysisas the Europeanstrain. Two mothsstill Tuolumne SweetwaterCampgrnd, awaitpositive identification." StanislausN.F. 'No gypsy mothswere detecrcdin or nearthe Elder bnpcox. t Mountaineradication arsa near Cave Junction (Jose- phineCounty). No mothswere found at Sam'sValley Stahrsat the Beginningofthe 1992Survey Season. (JacksonCounty) or Selma(Josephine County) in south- "In 1991,approximately 15,445 traps were placed state- ern Oregonwhere two mothswere found last year at wide.Twenty-nine gypsy moths (including one Asian eachsite. Four other sitesin the grcaterPortland area gypsymoth) were detected, all in westernOregon. Six wheresingle detections were made in l9l werealso mothswere dercctedon Elder Mountain nearCave Junc- negativein 1992.No gypsymoths were detected in tion (JosephineCounty). Five hundredand forty-two LaneCounty where over 19,000gypsy moths were de- acreswere treated there in 1992.ln responseto the sin- tectedin l9M, resultingin the largestgypsy moth gle Asiangypsy moth detected in 1991,8,4(X) acres in eradicationprogram in the westernU.S. during 1985- North Portlandwere also treatedas part of a coopera- 1988." TABLE 3. SUMMARYOF 1992GYPSY MOTH DETECTIONSIN OREGONb Trap Denslty County Glty/Area Slte Status # GM'r per mlle' Benton Philomath New 18 1-2 (increased) Clackamass LakeOswego Old 2 49 (increased) SW Portland" Old z 49 WestLinn New 2 16 (increased) OregonGity New 1 16 (increased) Clatsop Astoda New 1 16 Lincoln SealRock New 1 1-2 (increased) Marion Aurora Old 3 49 Multnomah Lewis& Clark Old 6 49 (increased) Collegec SW Portland" Old i 49 NE Portland New 1 16 (increased) Holbrook New 6 16 Washington Beaverton New 3 16 (increased) Statewldetotal 47 b. Submittedby Alan D. Mudge,Oregon Department of Agriculture,635 Capitol St. NE, Salem,OR 973IG 0l10, November6, 1991.Taken whole, or in part,from: Mudge, A. D. andKathleen J.R. Johson. 1992. Gypsy Moth Detection,Eradication, and Exclusion Programs in Oregon.Unnumbered report, Oregon Dept. Agr. 6 p. c Indicatesdetections are in the samegeneral area. I Pago 7 "At threesites where moths were found in l9l, four- pest: l) eradicationofall currentinfestations, 2) exten- teen mothswere found again in 1992.Two mothswere sive detectionsurveys in areasexposed to Asian gypsy foundin adjacenttraps in LakeOswego (Clackamas moth, and 3) exclusion/inspectionof shipsat risk of County)where four mothswere found in l9l; three transportingAsian gypsy moth. In Oregonthese pro- moths were found in Aurora (Marion County) where gramswere cooperative efforts by USDA-APHIS, four mothswere found in 1991;and nine moths were USFS,and ODA." found in southwestPortland where five mothswere '"Thedetection of a singleadult Asian gypsy moth in foundin 1991.The detectionsin LakeOswego and Au- northPortland in l99l resultedin 8,4fl) acresin north roraare virtually identicalareas as those in l99l asare Portlandbeing treatedby helicopterwith three spring sevenof the ninedetections in southwestPortland. The applicationsof B.tk, a biologicalinsecticide. The erad- intensivetrapping in all theseareas in l992has helped ication programwas challenged in U.S.District Court to delinearcaffected areas and identify likely poins of on April l7 and29,1992, by a citizensgroup "Bug introduction." Off', tlte NorthwestEnvironmental Defense Center, and "Approximalely 12,844gypsy moth trapswere placed threecitizens opposed !o the eradicationprogram on the statewidein 1992.Early detectionof newintroductions basisofalleged NEPA violationsand concerns about continuesto be the main focusof the detectionprogram humanhealth effects of B.Lk In both casesthe motion in order to keeperadication programs as small as possi- for an injunctionwas denied. The judge foundno signif- ble. Trapswere concentrated in westernOregon where icant healthrisks andenonnous potential for damageby mostpopulation centers and gypsy moth host material AGM. The eradicationprogram proceeded as planned." arelocated. However, all citiesand towns statewide are "An extensivedetection program consisting ofsixteen consideredat risk and are trappedeach year. The stan- trapsper squaremile wasestablistrcd for twenty miles darddetection trap densityis l-4 trapsper squaremile. inlandalong the Columbia River from Astoriato Port- parks,public Specialsites such as state and national and land,around the Portsof Portlandand Coos Bay, and privatecampgrounds and RV parksare also trapped." aroundttre l99l positivedetection sites @gure l).Ae "Delimitationtraps are placed at densitiesof 16-49 proximately37,014 Asian gypsy moth traps were trapsper squaremile for four or more squaremiles. placedin Oregonin 1992.Forty-five of the 47 gypsy They areplaced to monitorsites where detections were mothsdetected have been identified throughDNA anal- madethe previousyear and to monitorthe successof ysisas European. Two mothsstill await positive eradicationprograms. Delimitation traps were also identification.No gypsymoths were detected within the placedas soonas possible following initial detectionsto Asiangypsy moth eradication area in nor0rPortland in delimit any new infestationsthe sameyear. A total of 1992.Asian gypsy moth traps will remainin the field approximately11,732 and l,l l2 delimitationtraps were until earlynext summer when they will be replaced placedstatewide in 1992;' with a newtrap for the 1993survey season." Potcntial Eradication Programsin 1993."Thirty- "Guidelinesfor identifyingand inspecting ships at risk threedetections this yeararc likely to be theresult of for Asiangypsy moth that were developed by USDA- new introductionsand not relatedto previousfinds. Lit- APHISwere i andremain in effect.These erature distribution and information gather- ing regarding recent move-ins from the FIGURE 1. THE GYPSY MOTH IN OREGON, 1992 northeasternU.S. and subsequentegg mass searching is underway at all detection sites. Eradication programs proposed for 1993 would be basedon the results of detection data and egg mass searchingin those areas. The biological insecticide B.Lk applied by ground or air has been used successfully in all eradicationprograms since 1984.Other pilot eradicationtechniques such as sterile fiii1fifl Asian Gypsy Moth Detecibn Trapping insectrelease or applicationof NPV gypsy t'j,:j,:,iil(16 traps p€r square mile) moth virus may also be consideredon a Proposed Asian Gypsy l'loth Eradicatbn site by site basisifavailable for usein rlz 7ii Project: North Portland r993." Asian Gypsy Moth Eradication, Detec- r. Proposed North American Gypsy lloth tion and ExclusionPrograms.'The detec- I EradrcanionPro.iea: ElrcerMl. tionof Asiangypsy egg masses on ships originatingin easternRussian ports and of Asiangypsy moth adults for the first time in North Americain l99l prompteda three prongedreaction to this potentiallyserious I Page I policies havereportedly been successful in deterring TENI CATERPILLAR,Molocosomo sp. high-riskships from enteringU.S. ports as relatively few high-risk shipshave entered North Americanports Sierra"Tent caterpillar populations in Inyo andMono this year. Asian gypsy moth populationsare alsoon the Countiesremained at low levelsin 1992. declinein easternSiberia port areasthus helping to re- ducethe threatof new introductions.On Oclober26, A CATIFORNIASPRUCE BUDWORM, 1991,an eggmass of an exoticLymantriid species Chorlstoneuracornono colifornlco. LymantriamathursMoore wascollected from a Rus- sianship while dockedin Portland,OR. L muhurais Northem" The lastvisible defoliation of Douglas-firby widely distibuted in Asia (Japan,Korea, Siberia, this budwormoccurred in Trinity Countyin 1985. China, India) and is similar in appearanceand habitsto L dispar (L.). This is the first indication that species DOUGTAS-FIRTUSSOCK MOIH, Orgyio other than L dispar may be introducedvia this route." pseudotsugota. FRUffiREETEAFROIIER, Archlps orgyrospila. North end Sierra. T\e 1992data from Douglas-fir tus sock moth early warning systemverified that popula- Southern Californis. Significantdefoliation of Califor- tions throughoutCalifornia remainedat low, nia black oak and somedefoliation of coastlive oak non-damaginglevels with the exceptionof three areas wasobserved in the SanBernardino Mountains. in the northernpart of the stat€.Three plots locateda few miles west of GooseLake, Modoc County, had abovenormal levels of mothscaught in ttrc traps.In ad- dition, singleplots located near Fredonyer Pass, Lassen TABLE 4. NT.JMBEROF DOUGLAS.TIR TUSSOCK MOTH PIIEROMONE DETECTION SURVEY PLOTS BY TRAP CATCH, I979TO 1992. YeaT Total T NUMBEROF PLOTSW]TH AN AVERAGEMOTH CATCH PER TRAP OF: of Plotr ll <10 ao e5 <90 <35 <40 <4s Countyand around Burney Mountain, Shasta County, andHumboldt Counties. Some areas of Mt. Sanhedrin had increasesover last year's trap catch.Larval popula- (L,akeCounty) are severelyinfested. tions in theseareas will be monitoredin the springof Northenr. Webbingon Pacific madronewas common 193. Table4 (above)gives the numberof detectionsur- along the Klamath andTrinity River corridors,Siskiyou vey plots by level of averagemoth catchesfor 1979to andTrinity Counties. t992. WH|IEFIR SAWFIY, Neodiprlon spp. MODOCBUDWORM, Chorlstoneurc retlnlona. Nortbem. Elevatedpopulations of white fir sawflies Northern. Populationsof this budwormexpanded unex- werc observedin the CalPinessuMivision, Modoc pectedlyto epidemiclevels in Modoc County in north- County, anddefoliation by white fr sawflieswas visi- easternCalifornia where80,000 acres of white fr were bly heavyin severalareas in l,asscnCounty. The white defoliated.About 26,000acres were classified by aerial fir sawflies,Neodiprionnt. delconi and/V. aDleiu, are andground surveys as heavily defoliated. in outbreakat scatteredlocations between Eagle Lake andLake Almanor (I-assenand PlumasCounties). SEAUO|APfTCH MOTH, Synonthedon Ues- Heavydefoliation on private forest land also wasre- pomima) sequolae. portednear Roop Mountain and Big Merrill Flat. This is the secondyear that defoliation was notedin the Merrill North Coast This insectcontinues to be a pestof orna- Flat area(Lassen County). Defoliation is more or less mentalMonlerey pine throughoutthe region.Many in- limited to the olderfoliage of saplingand pole-size festedtrees are attackedby the red turpentinebeetle. white fir trees,although the lower crowns of somema- Southern Californir. A pitch massborer similar to the ture treesare noticeablydefoliated in areaswhere popu- Sequoiapitch mothcaused light damageon old growth lationsare high. The currentyear's growth remains Jeffreypine in SanBernardino County. largelyuntouched. Defoliation was also visible on SwainMountain Experimental Forest. All sizeclasses were was A GEIICHIID LEAFSKELETONIZER, Chionodes fed upon,but defoliation most severeon un- trichostolo. derstorytrees. Drought conditions exist in outbreak areasand may, in combinationwith the defoliation, lead Northern This leaf skeletonizercaused damage to blue !o tree mortality, althoughthis hasnot yet acurred. oak in the northernSacramento Valley (Shastaand Siernr. Defoliation was reportedfrom a densestand of TehamaCounties) again this yearat a level higherthan truefr with scatteredwestern white pine,Downieville wasseen in 1991.The differencein damagebetween RangerDistrict, TahoeNational Forest. l99l and 1992could very well bedue to lale winterand earlyspring weather conditions. This year'sweather A MfNDARUSTWIC APHID, Mlndorus p. wasrelatively dry throughoutlarval development, while March of l99l wasexceptionally wet, potentially hav- Northem. Studiesof suppressiontcchniques applicable ing a negativeimpact on earlylarval instan. The out- in bedsof true fir seedlingswere compleM at Placer- breakstarted in 1990,the worstyear for defoliation. ville Nursery.An integratedpest management ap proachappears applicable for reducingand maintaining GRASSHOPPERS,Acrididoe, damageto acceptablelevels. A study of the growth and survival of outplantedseedlings with variable arnounts SouthernCalifornia. Grasshopperpopulations were of feedingdamage has progressed into its secondyear. high on the ClevelandNational Forest (San Diego Work continueson theexact identification of the aphid. County)and appeared to be in the earlystage of out- break,thus higher populations are expected next year. BTACKPINELEAF SCAI^E, Nucu/ospis SeedlingEngelmann and coast live oakswere defoli- colifornlco. atedon the PalomarRanger District. Most of theseseed- lings appearto be recoveringfrom the damage.Other North Coast This scaleinfesrcd sugar pine westof damagewas to rangegrasses, causing concern among Laytonville,Mendocino County (see Pine Needle graang permittees. Scale). Significantpopulations were not observedthis yearin Northern" Black pineleafscale continued to infestpon- the SanBernardino Mountains, the SanGabriel Moun- derosapine overan areaof manysguare miles in the vi- tains,and other areas observed in 1992. cinitiesof Highway299 andthe Pittville Road,and Highways299 and89, ShastaCounty. Damage, in the FALIWEBWORM, Hyphontrlo cuneo. form of shortened,yellowish needles, and poor needle retention,has worsened this year.Some ponderosa pine North Coast Webbingand associated defoliation of Pa- mortality from the westernpine beetlewas notedat cific madronewas observed in severalareas of Santa both locations,and mortality in theseareas was higtrcr CruzCounty, and to the northin Sonoma,Mendocino, thanin similaruninfested areas. High populationsof I Page 10 this scalealso caused defoliation of ponderosapine on A small number of sugar pine remain infested at the TimberMountain (Modoc County). Foresthill SeedOrchard, Tahoe National Forest. The in- Black pineleafscale infestations were also locally festation is confined primarily to branchesbelow 15 heavyin sugarpine, for examplenear Pondosa (Sisk- feet, with few scalesfound above this height. iyou County)and on JimmersonMountain (Modoc Sierra. Moderate to heavy black pineleaf scale infesta- County).Some mortality from mountainpine beetlehas tions on sugar pine were reported on the Eldorado and occurredin associationwith theseinfestations. Al- StanislausNational Forests,and on Summit l,evel thoughthe scaleis oftenmost damaging in the upper Ridge (CalaverasCounty). Poor needle retention and crownof sugarpine, numerous trees were noted on chlorotic foliage were attributed to increasing number JimmersonMountain with severei nfestations/d:rmage of the scalesin the upper one-third of the crown of throughouttheir crowns. many trees. Sugarpine to the southand west of Mt. Shasta,Sisk- A single homozygous rust resistant sugar pine tree on iyou County,remained infested with blackpineleaf the Pacific Ranger District (Eldorado National Forest) scale.Many sugarpine hadlittle foliagein theupper was treated with carbaryl insecticide during May of crownsdue to defoliationcaused by high scalepopula- 1992 to reduce the scale population level. tions. TABLE5. LODGEPOLE NEEDLEMINER POPULATION DENSITY. TUOLUMNEMEN)OWS REGION,YOSEMTTE NATTONAL pARKd Llve Needlemlnersper 100Tlpe - July Plot 1986 1988 1990 1992 06Change, '90'92 UpperTenaya 16 12 30 32 + 6.7 CathedralCr.W. 6 4 8 28 + 250.0 CathedralCr.S. 28 6 12 18 + 50.0 CathedralCr.E. 14 4 6 10 + 66.7 May Lake 76 66 216 1222 465.7 DougLake 42 38 34 22 i 35.3 WestLyell 2 2 4 I + 100.0 Kuna 6 10 14 32 + 128.6 average 23.7 17.7 40.5 171.5 + 323.5 BuddCreek 24 4 4 98 + 2350.0 CathedralLake 43 20 64 68 + 6.2 DingleyCreek 32 10 I 16 + 100.0 DelaneyCreek 30 34 62 48 - 22.6 DanaMeadow 18 6 4 12 + 200.0 average 27.6 14.8 28.4 48.4 + 70.4 Olmstead#1 66 266 449 2216 + 394.6 Olmstead#2 40 38 12 98 + 716.7 MurphyCr. W.S. 76 M 16 u + 112.5 LowerTenaya 2 16 4 6 + 50.0 Mt.Hotfman 38 28 34 46 + 3s.3 BearPits 6 10 I 36 + 350.0 averags 38.0 67.0 87.O 406.0 + 366.7 LembertDome 14 6 6 18 + 200.0 Campground 4 6 62 - 66.7 PlotG I 4 414 + 250.0 PlotH 6 14 216 + 700.0 BaseCamp 4 14 ND 30 + 100.0 PlotA 6 I 84 - 50.0 PIotO ND ND 28 + 300.0 TenayaBeach 2 64 42 50 + 19.0 TenayaP.A. 28 42 116 102 - 12.1 average 8.0 ll.s 20.7 27j + 30.9 d. Printed by permission of ResourceManagement, Yosemite National Park and Dr. Tom Koerber, Entomological Services,Berkeley, CA. Note: This survey has provided an annual record of quantitative data for approximateiy three decades. ND None detected. I Page1l IODGEPOI"E N EEDIEMIN EP.,Cole otechnifes MATSUCOCCUSSCAIE, Motsucoccus sp. millerl. North Coast A small number(12-14) of ponderosa Sierra. The 1992survey of lodgepoleneedleminerpop- pine in and aroundLoch Lomond (Lake County) had ulationsin the TuolumneMeadows Region of Yosemite branchflagging similar to that causedby this scale.The National Park indicateda sharplyrising trend (fable 5). healthof thesetre€s has been followed for the pastfew Warm dry weatherduring the reproductivephase of the years,and nonehas been successfully attacked by bark needleminerlife cycle in the summerof l99l favored beetles. successfulesiablishment of the new generation.A mild winter allowed a high proportion of the newly estab- P|NE NEEDTESCALE, Chionospis pinifolioe. lished larvaeto survive the winter. populations pine needle In most of the areacovered by the surveythe needlemi- North Coast Moderate of the pineleaf nerpopulation is still too low to causevisible defolia- scale,and lesser amounts of the black scale, were pine west tion. However,two plots,May Lake andOlmstead #1, infestingsugar of L,aytonville,Men- predators, and haveextremely high populationdensities. These are the docinoCounty. Native suchas larvae lady beetle, westernmostplots in the surveyarea and representan adultsof the twice-stabbed Chilocorus were well infestedtrees. areacomprised of SnowFlat andthe surrounding bivulnerus, representedon the slopes.The needleminerpopulations at thesesites far exceedthe numberrequired to complelelydefoliate the BIUEGUM PSYLLID, Ctenorytoino eucolyptl. treesand severe defoliation may occurby the endof the California. By May 31,1992, therc were nine new summerof 1992.Adult needleminersspreading from county rerords for the bluegum psyllid in California. the heavilyinfesrcd area should be expected to establish greatly increasedpopulations to the eastand north- wardduring the next flight periodin 1993.Non-host Dishibution of Bluegum Psyllid foresttypes to the westand south preclude spread in in California thosedirections. oof Mrytl,199a CONIFERAPHIDS, Cinoro spp. Northern" A teamof scientistsinvolved in an interna- tional effort to locateparasites ofthe cypressaphid, Cirwra cupressi,made collections in severalloca- r Hntcountyrood tionsin Californiathis year.Aphids were collected o $becqrntcolhdoru from MacNabcypress, Cupressus macnabiana, in Butteand Shasta Counties, and also from Bakercy- pressin easternShasta County. The teamalso spent time collectingaphids from Montereycypress and Montereypine in the SanFrancisco Bay Area. SPRUCEAPHID, Elotoblum obietinum. North CoasLContinued attacks keep spruce foliage sparseon plantedand native Sitka spruce along coastalHumboldt County. Damage is aboutthe same as1991. GOUIY P|TCHMIDGE, Cecidomylo pinnlot sis. Northern"Tip flaggingon ponderosa pine was very evidentin the RailroadPlantation near Hambone, SiskiyouCounty. This 3Gyear-oldplantation has a long historyof infestationby the gouty pitch midge. Tip flaggingcaused by goutypirch midge was also commonalong the EdsonCreek Road between the CoonrodFlat Roadand Highway 89. Both planted FIGURE 2. Distributionof thebluegum psyllid, andnatural ponderosa pine ranging in sizefrom seed- Ctenarytainaeucalypti, in California,May 31, 1992.(By lings to pole-sizetrees were infested. Drought stress permissionof Dr. RaymondJ. Gill, editor,California Plant may haveincreased the numberof tips which died Pestand Disease Report, a publicationof the California from infestation. Departmentof Foodand Agriculture.) Page 12 The psyllid was found for the first time at the L.A. REDfMPORTED FIRE ANT, Solenopsis lnvlcto. Moran ReforestationNursery in Davis. The presentdis- tribution is given in Figure 2. Southerr Cdifornie. Collectionsof this seriousant pesthave been made in nurserysituations in Riverside ASHWI{ITEFIY, Srphoninus phillyreoe. andSan Diego Counties. Eradication and further investi- gationare in progress(Califomia Plant Pest & Disease Californio" The programofreleasing parasitesand Report,ll(1-2), 1992,p. l0). predatorsof this exotic whitefly appearsto be gaining successin the suppressionof this new pest. AFRICANIZEDHONEY BEE, Apls mellifero FORMOSANTERMIIE, Coptotermes scutellota. formognus. poF Southern Crlifornlr This serioustermite pestwas Southern Cdifornir. The northwardmovement of close found for the fint time at a California residencein the ulationshave now broughtthis bee to the Califor- Nine in Texashave La Mesaarea, San Diego County. A visualsurvey on nia-Mexicoborder. counties African adjacentproperties found Formosantermites in wood reportedinfestations. Officials of the Bee Pre. gram first fatality piles and in live California peppertrees on threeproper- in Mexico report the in northern Tamaulipasnear the town of Valle Hermoso,about 50 ties. No Formosantermites were found in homestruc- (California turesother than the initial site. Control treatmentshave milessouth of Brownsville,TX PlantPest & beeninitiated and delimitation suryeysare in place(Cal- DiseaseReport, I l(l-2), 1992,p.l4). ifornia PlantPest & DiseaseR"porq I l(l-2), 1992,p.4). TABLE6. INSECTSOF LESSERIMPORTANCE IN CALIFORNIA.1992 INSECTS WHEREEXAMINED OR REPORTED SclentlflcName CommonName Host County Remarks Agromyzidae leafminer BO Mendocino This is the fourthconsecutive fly yearof gallson blackoaks n€arUkiah. Altica ambiens Alderfleabeetle Trinity Route299lrom Buckhom Summitwest to Weaverville. Tulare Defoliatedalder in lower P--"ppgmi1jc3mpgpund, Alfi'casp. A flea unknown Riverside, Veryheavy flights of metallic beetle SanDiego greenor blue-greenllea beetleswere observed in ldyllwildand Cuyamaca RanchoState Park. Andricus Crystalline LO Nevada Limitednumber of hosts. crystallinus gallwasp Cryphalussp. Douglas-fir DF Sonoma A lew denselygrown trees twigbeetle in nodhwestSonoma County had scatteredbranch mortalitycaused by thisbeetle. Cylindrompturus Douglas-fir DF Siskiyou In branchesof plantationtrees tumissi twigweevil in blackstainroot disease centers,Salmon River R.D. Dioryctriasp. A pyralid SP Shasta& Boringin blisterrust cankers moth Siskiyou onplantation seedlings. Eiophyesspg. A Eriophyid AS Mono Affectedseveralaspen gallmaker treeson the MonoLake RangerDistrict, Inyo NF. Pago 13 TABLE6. (cont.) INSECTS WHEREEHMINED OR REPORTED Sclentlflc Namc Common Namc Host County Remarks Halisodota Silverspotled DF Trinity Scattereddefoliation of indi- argentata tiger moth vidualbranches, Hayfork and WeavervilleRanger Districts. H. argentata WF Siskiyou Top branchesof whitefir. Hylastesnigrtnus BP Humboldt Foundin the SprowelGreek area. Hylurgopsporosus BP Humboldt Foundin the SprowelCreek area. Neodiprionsg. Pinesawfly JP Siskiyou Apparentlythe secondyear of defoliationon largesaplings in a plantationnear th€ Everett MemorialHighway. MP Humboldt Eight15- to 2O-year-oldpines weredefoliated in the Clarks Buttearea. Pityophthorussgatwig JP Ventura Slightdamage to saplingsin beetfe a plantationon FrazierMtn. Susanacupressi Cypresssawfly CM Butte On foliage;no visible defoliation. Tropidosteptes Ash plant FV Kem Causedleaves to curl and die sp. bug on two ash trees at the Kem- villeRanger Station. Unknown Roundheaded BP Humboldt lnfestedbolts in rearing. borer Associatedwith rcot weevlls. Unknown Spidermites CW,WL Yolo L.A.Moran Reforestation Center. HOST ABBREVIATIONS AS = Aspen BO = Black oak BP = Bishoppine CM = MacNabcypress CW=Cottonwood DF = Douglas-fir FY = Modestoash JP = Jeffrey pine LO = Live oak MP= Mont€reypine SP= Sugarpine WA = White alder WF= White fir WL = Willow spp. I STATUS AND CONTROL OF DISEASE A REPORT TO TI{E CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL FROM TI{E DISEASE COMMITTEE JESSRIOS, CHAIR JACK MARSHALL. SECRETARY Pago 15 STATUSAND CONTROLOF DISEASES NationalForest (Mono County). Severe needle loss and mortality first appearedin 1989on lodgepolepine, red fir, weslernwhite pine, and mountainhemlock. No ABIOTIC DISEASES pathogensor insectswere found that would explain the Drought Moisture stess broughton by droughthas appearanceof identical symptomson four different con- continuedto be a primary causeof tree mortality ifer species.It is speculatedthat a higher soil throughoutCalifornia. I*vels of mortality arehigher in temperatureis damagingthe roots of thesespecies. most ar€as,with all tree speciesbeing affecM to some extent.Whirc fn mortality hasbeen especially severe in FOUAGE DISEASES the eastsidepine and mixed conifer sitesof northeastern Californiaand in standsaround Mt. Shasta.Mortality of NeedleCssts. Spring rains in northernCalifornia in sugarpine throughoutnorthern California hasalso been 1991produced conditions conducive to a moderate high. levef of foliage diseases.A low level of Rhabdoclinc weirii occurredon Douglas-firsaplings and poles along The drought inducedmoisture stress has caused the the road to CastleLake on th€ Mt. ShastaRanger Dis- declineofcoast redwoods growing on shallowand/or trict, Shasta-TrinityNational Forests (Siskiyou County). well-drainedsoils in interior redwoodfringe areasin MendocinoCounty. Needlesare extremely shortened Sugarpine needlecast (Loploodermella arcuata\ was and havebeen for the past few yearson the interior site widespreadon sugarpine over severalhundred acres of trees;however, this year ttte treeshave taken on a red private mixed conifer forest north of l-atour StaleForest appearancewhen viewed from a distance.The needles (ShastaCounty). Sugar pine needlecast was also aremottled with a necroticspeckling, but no biotic widespreadthroughout the crowns of all size classesof agentss€em to be associatedwith the pattern. westernwhite pine north and west of CastleCrags and along the upperSacramento River (Shastaand Siskiyou Hardwoodsare also being affectedby the moisture Counties).Sugar pine needlecast has not previously stress.Many deadtanoak and chinquapinwere ob' westernwhite pine in (see servedin the Bluff CreekDrainage of the Orleans beenreported on California RangerDistrict, Six RiversNational Forest (Humboldt Diseasesof PacificCoast Conifers, 1978). County). Armillarbmycelial fans wereprcsent under Naenacyclusinfections on Monterey pine appear0o the bark ofthe deadtrees, but were consideredto be havedecrcased along coastalMendocino County where secondary.Disrict personnelhave also notedhigh mor- infectionsoccurred last year. tality levelsin willows throughoutthe districtand Other. Sycamoreanthracnose (Apio gtronnnia veneta) attibute it to the combinedeffects of moisturestress was observedon California sycamorein a standof andArmillario- sycamor€and valley oak nearthe Red Bluff Diversion Scatterpdbranch dieback was notedon numerous Dam (TehamaCounty), and on blackoak in Butle Coun- canyonlive oaks(Quercus chrysolepis) near Junction ty. LJte springrains may havebeen responsible for in- City (Irinity County),including a treethat at onetime cidenceof anthracnoseon black oak betweenUkiah and wasthought to be the largestcanyon live oakin exist- Boonville,Mendocino County. Two fungi recovered ence.The injury is likely dueto lack of water,although wereCylindrospoium sp. andApiognomonia sp. the anthracnosefungus Gleosporium quercinus was iso- Severalbig leaf maplesnear Piercy and Highway l0l latedfrom someof the twigs. (MendocinoCounty) were infected with the speckled Diebackof manzanita(largely Arcnsnphybs tar spotfungus, Rhytisnra puntatum. vkscida)is occurringat scatteredlocations west of Red- ding andinto the WhiskeytownNational Recreation NURSERYDISEASES Area (ShastaCounty). Most plans showa partial diebackstarting with foliageat thetop andmoving Seedlingsgrown at the HumboldtNunery (Humboldt downward.Moisture stress is presumedto be the County)were injured or killed by a numberof diseases. primarycause, although infection by the cankerfungus Fusaium spp.killed red and white fir that were planted Botryosplrccriasp. is alsoa contributingfactor. into unfumigatedground. Phona wasalso isolated from TemperatureExtremes. Winterdesiccation is being decliningseedlings and contributed to this lossof blamedfor top kill on hundredsof ponderosapine see- hundredsof thousandsof seedlings. dlingsin plantationson the GoosenestRanger District, l-l Douglas-firtransplants had stunted, chlorotic tops KlamathNational Forest (Siskiyou County) and Mt. andpoor root systemsafter transplanting. Extremely ShastaRanger Disrict, Shasta-TrinityNational Forests high levelsof Pythiumwerefound on seedlingroots. (SiskiyouCounty). The desiccationwas a resultof low The declinewas brought on by prolongedstorage with snowpack along with drying windsduring the winterof excesssoil packedwith the roots.Twenty percent of the t99r-92. transplantsdied but 80% recoveredand returnedto Risingsoil temperaturesdue to geothermalactivity goodhealth. mayexplain damage observed at two differentlocations Graymold (Botrytissp.) caused mortality and dieback totaling40 acreson the MammothRanger Distric! Inyo of giantsequoia, and redwood, and loss of lower need- I Page 16 les in Douglas-fir. Trials weredone this year to deter- OrleansRanger Districts, Six RiversNational Forest mine efficacyof fungicidalalternatives to Benlatefor (Del Norte and HumboldtCounties). The standon the gray mold control. The ornamentallabel for Benlate GasquetDistrict had beencommercially thinned in waswithdrawn by DuPontin September,1991. 1982by traclor andyarder. Various stagesof crown Cedarleaf blight, causedby Didymascella(Keithia) declinewere apparent.The standon the OrleansRanger thujirc,causedshotholing and defoliation on western District wassecond growth Douglas-fir that regenerated red cedarseedlings at levels greaterthan 199l. followinga fre andhad not previouslybeen entered. Both standsare about70 yearsold. A pocket ofthree in- Humboldtis expandingits productline with more fectedDouglas-fir was also noted in BoggsMountain deciduoustrees and seedlings which arehosting more DemonstrationState Forest (Lake County) in an area broadleafpests. Powdery mildew wassevere on big leaf wherethe diseasehad not previously beenrecorded. mapleseedlings. Alder seedlingswere infected with Septorialeaf spot(Septoria elnifolia) anda rust.The A ponderosapine seedling was found to haveblack Septoriainfection caused some stunting, mortality and stainroot diseaseon the McCloudRanger District, Shas- leaf spotting.The rust causedplants to losetheir leaves ta-TrinityNational Forests on McCloudFlats (Siskiyon approximatelyone month earlier than usual. Surround- County).The seedlingwas near a ponderosapine ing aldertrees in the nurseryvicinity werealso infected stump.It wasnot possibleto determineif the harvested with therust. treehad been infected before being felled. The fungus wasactive in surroundingstands. Several black stain At the Chico TreeImprovement Center (Butte Coun- centerswere observed in ponderosapine standsnear ty) approximately400 3-yr-oldsugar pine being grown DeadwoodConservation Camp (Siskiyou County) on in 3-galloncontainers died dueto Fusariumroot disease. theScott River RangerDistrict, Klamath National At MagaliaNursery (Butte County), losses to Forest.A high incidenceof blackstain root diseaseon Fusaium in red andwhite fir andsugar pine rangedbe- ponderosapine wasassociated with unusualsoil distur- tweenI and3 percent;there were no substantiallosses banceon portionsof the StatelineSale, Devils Garden in other species.Charcoal root rot (Macrophomirn RangerDistrict, Modoc National Forest(Modoc Coun- plwseoli)caused about a 5 percentloss ofgiant sequoia ty). The diseasewas observedat s€veralnew locations seedlings. on the Big Valley RangerDistrict, Modoc National At the Ben LomondNursery (Santa Cruz County), Forest(Modoc and Lassen Counties). Phytophthoracaused losses of about5 percentin Armillarir Root Diseasc. Amill4ria sp. caused Douglas-firbed areas with poor drainage.Sugar pine declineand mortality of Douglas-firin a summerhome seedwere eaten by variousbird specieseven though net- tract and nearbybald eaglemanagement area on the ting andscare tactics were employed. Hypocotyl rot, eastside of LakePillsbury, Mendocino National Forest mostlydue to Fnsarfumorysporurz, accounted for mor- (Lake County).Examination of the rootcolhrs of these tality of 2G3O%of l-O sugarpine, red fir, andwhite fir treesrevealed necrosis and resinosis along with seedlingsat the nursery. mycelialfans of the fungus.California black oak stumpsor deadtrees were usually also presentwithin ROOT DFEASES Orcsecenters. Armillaria root diseasewas also found in conjunctionwith scatteredtanoah mortalily in Men- AnnosusRoot Disease.Annosus root disease,caused docinoCounty. by Heterobasidionannosurn,was killing ponderosaand Jeffreypine seedlingsin severalplantations on the Scott Port-Orford-Cedar Root Disesse. The rangeof Port- River RangerDistrict, KlamathNational Forest (Sis- Orford-cedarroot disease(Phynphtlnra bteralis) dtd kiyou County).The standshad been harvested about l0 not expandsignificantly in thepast year. It remains yearsago and planted in 1983or 1984.Relatively low limitedto the SmithRiver Drainagein northwestern levelsof the diseasewere also reported on theMilford California. RangerDistrict, PlumasNational Forest (Plumas Coun- Other. Extensiveheart and root rot of coastlive oak ty). The diseaseremains of concernin the eastsidepine Quercusagifo&c, wasobserved at Oak Flat andBlue typestands. PointCampgrounds on the Ojai RangerDistrict, Los Black Stain Root Disease.Black stainroot disease PadresNational Forest (Ventura County). Ionotus (Izptographiumwageneri) was again commonly dryadcusand I. andcrsonii weretentatively identified reportedin manyareas of northernCalifornia in planta- from samplescollected. tionsand natural stands of Douglas-fir.It wasidentified in a plantationon the GasquetRanger District, Six CANKERDISEASES RiversNational Forest (Del NorteCounty) that had beenprecommercially thinned in 1983.The funguswas Pitch Canker. Pirch canker,caused by Fusarium srzD,- alsokilling Douglas-firin a plantationon theSalmon glutirwns,continues to flag Montereypine in bothSanta River RangerDistrict" Klamath National Forest near Cruz and AlamedaCounties. Some of the moderatelyto ChinaGulch (Siskiyou County). Black stain root dis- heavilyinfected bees have been killed by pine engraver e:rs€was identified in olderstands on the Gasquetand beetleand/or red turpentinebeetles. A resurveyofthe Page 17 diseascwas undertaken tbroughout California 0osee if Douglas-fr dwarf mistletoe(Arc e utlnb ium fu ug bs i i) locationsof known infestationhad expanded.Exten- wasreported on Douglas-fir nearCrater Creek (Sis- sionsof severalmiles from known infestationswere kiyou County) and along the Deer Lick SpringsRoad found in Oaklandand Alameda.Pitch cankerwas con- (Trinity County). fimred for the first time from Marina and Ft. Ord Westerndwarf rnistletoe,Arceutlnbium cam- (MontereyCounty), in new locations(near Highway 1) pybpodum, continuesto be ofconcern on ponderosa in Monterey,and along Highway I a mile or two north pineat BoggsMountain Demonstration State Forest of the previouslyknown infectionsin the city of Santa (I-akeCounty) and on private property nearKettenpom Cnrz. The infestationin SantaBarbara has sprcad out a (Trinity County). short distancefrom the areaof infestationfound in 1989.The diseasehas increased in severityin the Christrras tee farm in Torrancethat was found m be in- RUSTDISEASES festedin 1988.A ChristmasEee farm I mile awaywas White Plne Blis&r Rust. Low levels of blist€r rust, surveyedwithout finding pirch canker.The southcoast Crotwrtiumribicola,were observed on ROessp. betweenLos Angelesand SanDiego was surveyedfor throughoutnorthern California early in the season,but pirch canker;no diseasesofany kind were found. dueto thedry conditions,levels did not build up during Other. A shootdieback on sugarpine and western the summer.[n the north coastalarea, the disease white pine was commonthroughout northern Califor- remainsstatic on sugarpine in the areaof Mt. San- nia Diebackwas noted on sugarpineon theWeaver- hedrin (Lake County).Two pole-sizedtrees were killed ville RangerDistrict, Shasta-TrinityNational Forests about 10 miles northeastof Anchor Bay (southwestern Cfrinity County).Isolationsfrom the marginof dieback MendocinoCounty). Evaluation of progenytest sites on twigs of westernwhite pine growing nearCastle and other plantationson the Klamath,Plumas, Tahoe, Lake (Siskiyou County) yielded at least four uniden- andEldorado National Forestsindicated a high in- tified fungi. Isolationsfrom theshoots of westernwhitc cidenceof 1989infection. Cankers had developed and pine growing nearTamarack Lake (ShastaCounty) in many casespycnia and aeciahad beenproduced. In yielded Epiccocumsp.and another unidentified fungus. theCentral Siena, newly flaggedbranches with blister Diebackwas freguently associated with insectdamage rustinfections dated to 1988and 1989were found. or other wounds,but was also observedon twigs that Severityof diseaseoccurrence in Mountain Home did not appearwounded. The fungi isolateddo not fit DemonstrationState Forest (Tulare County) was thedescriptions ofany knownpalhogens ofS-needled maskedby the severelosses of sugarpine to mountain pines,and are presumedtro be opportunisticagents in- pinebeetle. years volveddue to the extremestress ofsix ofdrought. Sprayingof blisterrust resistant tees with carbaryl Cypresscanker, caused by Seridium cardirak, **ms continuedin 1992on Moun[ainHome and l-atour (Shas- to haveintensified during the droughtperid in many ta County)Demonstration State Forests and on the drylandornamental Monterey cypress in Mendocino Mendocino,Stanislaus, and Tahoe National Forests. County. 170resistant and candidate resistant trees were treated Branchand stem infections, caused by Botryos- on eachof OreState Forests, with treeson Mountain pfucria ribis, continuedto kill branchesand tops of HomeDSF receiving two spraysand thosc on l:tour giantsequoia planted at low elevationdry sites.Infec- DSF one.Nine resistanttrees on the Mendocino,33 on tionshave been noted in Napa Sonoma,Mendocino, the Stanislaus,and 15 on theTahoe National Forest andHumboldt Counties. were sprayed.Surrounding Eees were also sprayed.In addition,surrounding trees on the Mendocinowere Branchmortality of a few Douglas-firnear Redwood thinned,and deep watering was administered to each Valley, MendocinoCounty, was caused by Phontopsis resistanttree. To dateall treatedtrees on stateand bkoyac. federallands are alive. Madronecanker, caused by Fusicoccumsp., seems to Rust-ResisrantSugar Pine ScreeningProgram be veryprevalent in mostcounties in the northcoastal arga. Workersscreening for majorgene resistance (MGR) of 128,000seedlings from 1350candidate sugar pine selec- tionsidentified 96 newrust resistant parents in l99l-92. MISTLETOES Seventy-fourresistant trees are on the Eldorado(7), Dwarf mistletoesremain widespread, but theirdistribu- Plumas(27), Sequoia (12), Sierra (14), Stanislaus (l), tionshave not changedsignificantly in recentyears. Tahoe(3), Klamath(l), Lassen(8), andSix Rivers(l) Their effect on Eees,however, has changed as the NationalForests. Twenty-two are on stat€and private droughtcontinues. This is especiallytrue of whitefir lands.800 families are scheduled for MGR screeningin dwarf mistletoe(Arceuthobium fuietinum f .sp.con- t992-93. coloris)in northernCalifornia, which is commonlyas- 9600seedlings from 205 non-MGRfamilies from the sociatedwith branchflagging and tree mortality caused northernprovince were inoculated during November [o by the fir engraverbeetle, Sc olytus v entralis. screenfor slow rust resistance.After inoculationthe see- I Page 18 dlings will be tansplanted to a S-acresite nearPlacer- positive trees since 1985, and the second highest in ville alongHighway 50. In addition,there are now project history. 14,132MGR seedlingsat HappyCamp to be screened for slow rustresistance. Seedlings transplanted in 1986 The record number of positive disease identifications and 1987were inspected in April. in 1985 was largely accountedfor by confirmation of (Marin Westem GaIl Rust. Westerngall rust, causedby En- 65 treeson a single street in Larkspur County). last years' docronartiumlurknessii, continuesto causebranch The two high totals are not as easily ex- plained, mortalityand stem cankers in severalpine species. The but may be related to budget reductions in 1988 diseasehas caused increased branch flagging of Bishop and 1992 which resulted in long delays in diseasedtree pine andMonlerey pine alongnorthern Sonoma and removals, elimination of disease-exposedtree removed, southernMendocino Countv coastlines. reducedfrequency and extent of survey, elimination of elm wood pick up, and sampling of only the most symptomatic elms. DUTCHELM DISEASE In 1992,Dutch elm disease,Ceratocystis ulmi (DED), 1992 budget cuts led to suspensionof California wasfound to havespread within, between,and outside Department of Forestry and Fire hotection Forest Pest ofareaswhere it hadbeen previously found. Sacramen- ManagementProgram operationsin nine Bay Area to hadfive new DED sites,and the diseaseappeared in counties on September25. The Sacramentofield office SolanoCounty (Vallejo) for the frst time in six years and the SantaRosa field office and diagnostic (Table7). New sitesin outlyingareas include Sacramen- laboratory will remain in operation; however, the Palo to, Rio Linda,Vallejo, Marinwood, eastern Concord, Alto and San Ramon (Bollinger Canyon) offices have andsoutheastern Oakland. As of October15,1992,288 been closed. Remaining staff will be available on a elm treesfrom ninecounties in Californiawere con- limited basis to provide information, sampling, and firmed for the disease.This is the highestnumber of field and laboratory diagnosis of pest problems. TABLE 7. NUMBER OFTREES CONFIRMED WITH DUTCH ELM DISEASE 8 couNw 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Afameda 0 11 7 3 3 23 28 26 ContraCosta 21 30 35 35 U 38 29 23 Marin 154 125 83 91 82 46 56 62 Napa 2 3 2 9 5 4 7 3 Sacramento 0 0 0 0 0 10 7 24 SanFrancisco 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SanMateo 63 44 47 70 48 60 108 95 SantaClara U 41 20 35 32 51 u 29 Solano 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 Sonoma 28 14 16',tz36 20 18 Totals 302 269 210 255 207 238 299 288 a. Thetotal for 1992is as of October15, 1992.All othertotals are for the calendaryear. t Paga 19 TABLE8. FORESTDISEASES REPORTED. 1992 b ABTOTTCTNJURIES Drought Allspecies Coldtemperature iniury DF,SP, PP Nevada,Siskiyou BACTERIALOISEASES BacterialGall CANKERDISEASES Botryosphaeriaribis Napa,Sonoma, Mendocino,Humboldt Fusariumsubglutinans Alameda,Los Angeles, Monterey SantaBafuara, Santa Cruz Epicoccumsp. Fusicoccumsp. Northcoastalcounties Phomopsislokoyae Mendocino Seridiumcardinale Mendocino FOLIAGEDISEASES Apiognomoniaveneta Tehama Cylindrosporiumsp. BO Mendocino Elytrodermadeformans PP,JP Gleosporiumquercinus Trinity Lophodarmellaarcuata SP Shasta,Siskiyou Naemacyclus Mendocino Rhabdoclineweirii Rhytismapuntatum Mendocino NURSERYDISEASES Botrytissp. Fusariumsp. WF,RF WF,RF, SP Macrophominaphaseoli Phomasp. BF,DF Phytophthonsp. SantaCruz -I Page20 TABLE8. ForestDiseases (cont.) AGENT HOST COUNTY PARASITICPLANTS Arceuthobiumdouglasii DF Siskiyou,Trinity Arceuthobiumcampylopodum PP Lake,Trinity Arceuthobiumabietinum DF,WF NorthernCalilornia ROOTDISEASES Armillariasp. CH,TO, WW Humboldt DF Lake TO Mendocino Heterobasidionannosum DF, lC, JP Plumas JP, PP Siskiyou lonotusandersonii l. dryadeus QA Ventura Leptographiumwageneri DF DelNorte, Humboldt, Lake, Modoc,Siskiyou JP,PP Lassen,Siskiyou Phytophthonlateralis POC DelNorte RUSTDISEASES Cronartiumribicola SP Kern,Lake, Mendocino,Sequoia, Shasta,Trininty Endocronartiumharknessii BP, MP Sonoma,Mendocino b. Nota completelisting for all locationsreported, nor for reportsof commondiseases. HOSTABBREVIATIONS BO = BlackOak BP = Bishoppine CH = Chinquapin DF = Douglas-fir GS= Giantsequoia IC = Incense-cedar JP= Jeffreypine MA = Pacificmadrone MC = Montereycypress MM = Maple MP = Montereypine POC= Port-Orford-cedar PP= Ponderosapine PR = CaliforniaSycamore QA = Coastlive oak QC = Canyonlive oak RF= Redfir SP= Sugarpine TO = Tan oak WF = White hr WW= Weepingwillow WWP= Westernwhite pine STATUS AND CONTROL OF WEEDS A Report to the California Forest Pest council from the weed committee GLENN LUNAK, CHAIR DAVID BAKKE. SECRETARY Page 2 STATUSAND CONTROLOF WEEDS Table 9. Herbicides applied on For.estlandsin California in Intensive forest managementis basedupon the 1991. presumption that factors negatively influencing growth and survival of crop trees :ue conuolled or managedto Herbicide lbs a.l. Applied # of Applications minimize their effects. Towards that aim, control of Atrazine 412lbs 74 competing vegetation is a critical part of successful forest management,especially in a Mediterranean Glyphosate 6,840lbs 165 climate such as is found in California. Hexazinone 20,260lbs 14O As the public looks towards some form of uneven- Triclopyr 18,854lbs 271 aged forest managementas the answer to real or 2,4-D 9,184lbs '120 perceived problems, there is often the thought ex- pressedthat such managementmethods would eliminate the need for intensive vegetationcontrol. As vegetation.The values in Table 9 reflect a level of her- has been demonstratedat Blodgett Forest and else- bicide use comparable to that of 1990. Hexazinone and where, this is certainly not the case;competing Triclopyr continue to be the herbicides used most often vegetation would still be a problem in dealing with sur- throughout the stateon forest lands. vival and growth of either planted or natural conifer On the national forests, mechanical methods for treat- regenerationundcr any type ofintensive forest manag- ing competing vegetation continue to be used more than ment. herbicides. On the national forests from l0/l/91 through As was statedat the annual meeting of the Council, 9l3ol92 (the reporting period for the Forest Service), the stal.usof forest weeds can be describedas follows: 56,680 acresof conifer plantation had some type of they have been a problem, they are a problem, they will releasetxeatment; of this total, only 9,344 acres were continueto be a problem, as long as intensivetimber treated with herbicides.This representsabout 15% of managementis practiced. the total work. However, this also representsan her- bicide program on six national forests in California, as The IAOVopesticide-use reporting requirementsby the compared to only one forest with an herbicide program California Environmental Protection Agency make it in 1991.Table l0liss total herbicideuse on the nat"ion- impossible to presenttimely information in this report. al forests in California during the FY 1992 reporting As of mid-December, the report of statewidepesticide p€rid. use for l99l was not yet comple0e.Table 9 is basedon preliminary data received from the data processing branch of the Pesticide Reporting Unit of Cal EPA. This table shows the herbicides used on all forest lands Table 10. Herbicides Applied on National Forestlands in in the statein 1991,not by acresbut ratherby pounds California in 1992. of active ingredient applied. Herblcide lbs a.l.applied AcresTreated On private forest lands in the state,herbicides con- tinue to be the primary meansof controlling competing Atrazine 18lbs 6 Glyphosate 7,128lbs 6,485 Hexazinone 7,767lbs 2,759 Triclopyr 991lbs 1,884 Totaf! g,gu U Thetotal acres treatred is 9,344 because 1,790 acres were treated with a mixture of both Glyphosate and Triclopyr. I STATUS AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL PESTS A Report to the California Forest Pest Council From the Animal Damage Commtittee SCOTTWARNER. CHAIR JOHNBORRECCO, SECRE'XARY Page24 STATUSAND CONTROLOF ANIMAT Incidenceof damageto tre€swas reportedfrom 34 countiesrepresenting over !4 of the land areaof Califor- PESTS nia.Counties represented: Alpine, Amador,Butte, Calaveras,Del Norte,El Dorado,Fresno, Glenn, Hum- INTRODUCTION boldt, Kern, Lake, [,assen,Madera, M*ipora Mendocino,Modoc, Mono, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, This report summarizes the Animal Damage Com- Riverside,San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Cruz, mittee's annual survey of vertebrate damage to forest ShastaSiena, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, frees. The survey is accomplished by mailing a simple Tulare,Tuolumne, Ventura, and Yuba. form to private timber companies, federal and state agencies,and other organizationswho manageforested Figure a CountiesReprcsented in Survey. lands in California. The survey form requests summary information by pest speciesregarding speciesof trees in- jured, age class oftrees, acres over which damageoc- curs, number of trees per acre damaged, whether damage occurs in plantations or other areas,the general trend in damage relative to past conditions, and control methods used. Results of this survey are reported as part of the California Forest PestCouncil's annual overview of forest pest conditions in California. In September,1992, lM survey forms were mailed to federal and state agencies,private timber companies, and other private organizations managing forestedlands in California. A total of 39 (38% return) responseswere received. RESPONDENISAND IOCATION OF REPORTS Surveyforms were returned by representativesof the U.S.Forest Service (n= l8); CaliforniaDepartment of Forestryand Fire Protection(n=8); private timber com- panies(n=5); andvarious other organizations (n=8) in- cludingthe NationalPark Service (3) andthe Bureauof LandManagement (5). SPECIESCAUSING DAIIIAGE Figure 1. Orgrni-ations Returning Surveys A variety of mammalspecies are causingdamage to for- est txeesand the damagevaries by region of tlre state USFS 18 andby landownership (Table l). Speciesmost com- Other (46Vo) 8 monly identifiedin this survey(as well asin previous (2t%) years)as causing problems are deer (547o ofrespon- dents),pocket gopher (49%), domestic stock (38%), por- cupine(31%), black bear (31%), and rabbits and hares (23%).Deer, pocket gophers and livestock feeding inju- rieson treesoccur throughout the Staleon mostowner- ships.Damage by otherspecies tends to be morelimited geographically.No damagewas reported for small seed- eatingmammals. Private 5 (r2%) CDF 8 (2t%) Page25 TABLE 1. NUMBER OF DAMAGE RESPONSESREPORTED BY VERTEBRATE SPECIES (N = 39). Beaver 2 0 0 02 Birds 0 1 0 01 Blackbear 2 7 1 212 Dser 10 7 4 021 Woodrat 0 4 0 04 Etk 1 1 0 02 Meadowmice 1 0 0 01 Mountainbeaver 2 1 0 03 Pocketgopher 13 3 2 119 Porcupine 8 3 1 012 Rabbits& hares 7 1 1 09 TreeSquinels 2 3 0 05 Domesticstock 11 2 2 015 Groundsquirrels 0 0 1 12 Total 59 12 108 (n) (18) (8) (5) (8) (3e) SCOPE OF DAMAGE damage,the speciesranking changes only slightly: blackbear (34% of theacres), deer (21%), pocket Damagefrom all sourceswas reportedon about gopher(18%), porcupine (lU%),and domesticstock l47,4ll acres(Table 2). All of California'smajor tim- (6%), wodrat (7%),rabbits and hares (2%), andall ber pncducingregions and timber typeshave reported others(2%). damageby vertebratespecies. Based on the acresof TABLE Z NUMBER OF ACRES REPORTED TO BE RECEIVING SOME LEVEL OF DAMAGB. Specles USFS CDF&FP Prlvate Other Total Beaver 10 0 0 0 10 Birds 0 0 0 Blackbear 17 10,750 40,000 20 50,787 Deer 19,117 3,200 8,030 0 30,u7 Woodrat 0 10,000 0 0 10,000 Erk 450 0 0 450 Meadowmice 100 0 0 0 100 Mountainbeaver 75 t 0 0 75 Pocketgopher 25,902 s00 520 & 26,962 Porcupine 11,735 3,000 100 0 14,935 Rabbits& hares 2,869 500 0 3,369 TreeSquirrels 1,005 a 0 0 1,O25 Domesticstock 9,011 300 200 0 9,511 Feralpigs 0 0 0 0 0 Ground 0 0 2 2 4 Total 70,296 27,701 49,352 147,411 (1") (48) (1e) (33) v (1oo) I incidence of damage reported but no information as to how many acreswere affected. Pago26 SpeciesCausing Damage Species Beaver' Bird BlackBear Deer Woodrat Etk MeadowMouse MountainBeaver PocketGopher Porcupine Rabbit/Hare TreeSquirrel DomesticStock GroundSquirrel 10 15 20 Nurnberof Responses AcresDamaged Species Beaver Bird BlackBear Deer Woodrat Etk MeadowMouse MountainBeaver PocketGopher Porcupine Rabbit/Hare TreeSquirrel DornesticStock GroundSquirrel 10 20 30 40 50 Numberof Acres(Thousands) Paga27 SPECIESACCOUNTS BEAVER SpeciesDamaged: Aspen. DamageTrend: Static to increasing. ControlMethods: None (2121. Damage Location: Butte, Nevada,Placer, Plumas,Sierra, and YubaCounties. Comments:Damage reported to polesand smallertrees in streamsidezones. BIRDS SpeciesDamaged: Sugar pine. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods:Netting, plastic owls, and sonicscaring (1i1). DamageLocation: Santa Cruz County. Comments:Damage reported to seedlingsin the BenLomond Nursery near Felton. Pago28 BEAR SpeciesDamaged: Douglas-fir, redWood, gi- antsequoia, ponderosa pine, red fir, and elder berry. DamageTrend: Increasing. ControlMethods: Sport hunting (2ltZ1, none (10112). Damage Location: Del Norte, Humboldt, Fresno,Madera, Mariposa, Riverside, San Bernardino,San Diego,Trinity, and Tulare Counties. Comments:While damage was reportedin bothplantations and naturalstands to treesof all ages,trees from 20 to 40 years old were mostcommonly damaged. Levels of damage varyfrom 1 to 20 trees/acre.Black bears are primarilya problemon privatetimber lands on the north coast of California,however a few incidencesof bear damagewere reported fromthe southernSierra Nevada and south- ern California. DEER Species Damaged: Douglas-fir,redwood, ponderosapine, Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine, whitefir, red fir, incense cedar, giant sequoia, and oak. DamageTrend: Static to increasing. Control Methods: Seedling protectors (12121),repellents (2121), planting larger stock (1121),and none(7121). Damage Location: Alpine,Amador, Butte, Calaveras,Del Norte,El Dorado,Humboldt, Lake,Lassen, Mariposa, Mendocino, Modoc, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou,Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare, Tuolumne,and Yuba Counties. Comments: Most damage occurs to seedlings1-5 years old in plantations.Levels of damagereported varied from 20 to 400 trees/acre.Seedling protectors include plastic meshtubes, bud caps,and plasticmesh net- ting. Page29 WOODRAT Species Damaged: Douglas-fir,redwood, Sitkaspruce, tanoak. DamageTrend: Static. ControlMethods: None (4141. DamageLocation: Del Norte, Humboldt, and TrinityCounties. Comments:Damage to trees1O-30 years old. Woodratdamage is primarilyreported from forestson the northcoast of Catifornia.Gener- allyconsidered a minorproblem. ELK SpeciesDamaged: Douglas-fir, white fir, red- wood,ponderosa pine. DamageTrend: Static. ControlMethods: None (2lZy, DamageLocation: Del Norte, Humboldt, and SiskiyouCounties. Comments:Damage occurs to seedlingsand saplingsat fevelsof 2 to 300 trees/acre.In- juriesby trampling and rubbing were reported in additionto feedinginjuries. Pago 30 MEADOWMOUSE Species Damaged:Ponderosa and Jeffrey pine. DamageTrend: Increasing. ControlMethods: None (1/1). Damage Location: Butte,Lassen' Plumas, Shasta,and TehamaCounties Comments:Damage reported to be occur- ringin plantationson about20 seedlings/acre' MOUNTAINBEAVER SpeciesDamaged: Douglas-fir, grand fir, red fii, whitefir, sugar pine, and Sitkaspruce' DamageTrend: Static. ControlMethods: None (3/3). DamageLocation: Del Norte, Humboldt and SiskiyouCounties. Comments:Most damageoccurs in planta- tionsto seedlings1-10 years old. Some injury to riparianvegetation also reported' \---T---i \ -_-_r------"' Page31 POCKETGOPHER SpeciesDamaged: Douglas-fir, white fir, red fir,ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, Coulter pine, sugarpine, redwood, incense cedar. DamageTrend: Static to increasing. Control Methods: Strychninebait (6/19), trapping(1/19), none (12l19). Damage Location: Alpine,Amador, Butte, Calaveras,El Dorado, Fresno, Humboldt, Lassen,Madera, Mariposa, Modoc, Mono, Neveda,Placer, Plumas, San Diego,Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare, Tuolumne,and Yuba Counties. Comments:Most damageto seedlingsin plantations1 to 10 yearsold. Levelsof dam- age reported range from 5-600 trees/acre. Thisis the number one vertebrate pest on Na- tionalForest lands in termsof bothacres with damageand numberof respondents. PORCUPINES SpeciesDamaged: Douglas-fir, white fir, pon- derosapine, Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine and redwood. DamageTrend: Static. Control Methods: Hunting(3112), seedling protectors(1112\, none (9112). Damage Location: Butte, Fresno,Lassen, Madera,Mariposa, Modoc, Nevada,Placer, Plumas,Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Tehama, Trinityand YubaCounties. Comments:Seedlings to maturetrees report- ed damagedwith levelsof damageranging from 1 to 150trees/acre. - PageI RABBIT& HARE SpeciesDamaged: Douglas-fir, white fir, red fir, ponderosapine, Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine,western white pine. DamageTrend: Static to increasing. ControlMethods: Seedling protectors (6/9), none(3/9). DamageLocation: Butte, El Dorado,Hum- boldt,Kern, Lake, Lassen, Mariposa, Mendo- cino, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, Sonoma,Tehama, Trinity, Tuolumne, and VenturaCounties. Comments:Damage to seedlings1-5 years old in plantations.Levels of damagereported rangefrom 1 to 350 trees/acre. TREESQUIRREL Species Damaged: Redwood,ponderosa pine,Douglas-fir, Pinyon pine, maple. DamageTrend: Static to increasing. Control Methods: Hunting (1i5), seedling protectors(1/5), none (3/5). DamageLocation: Humboldt, Kern, Mendo- cino,Siskiyou, Trinity and VenturaCounties. Comments:Damage is generallyto trees10 to 60 yearsold. -- Page 3i) DOMESTICSTOCK Species Damaged: Douglas-fir,white fir, red fir, redwood, ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine, western white pine, incense cedar,black oak. Damage Trend: Staticto increasing. Control Methods: Placementof salt (1/15), seedlingprotectors (3/15), fencing (4115),al lotmentplan to regulatenumbers (1/15), none (e/15). DamageLocation: Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Humboldt, Lassen,Madera, Mariposa, Modoc, Nevada, Placer,Plumas, San Diego, Shasta,Sierra, Siskiyou, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare, Yuba Counties. Comments:Most respondents reported dam- age to seedlingsand saplings1-10 years old in plantations.Levels of damagevaried from 5 to 300 trees/acre. GROUNDSQUIRREL SpeciesDamaged: Ponderosa pine and val- leyoak. DamageTrend: lncreasing. Control Methods:Trapping (112\ and none (1t2). DamageLocation: Fresno and Shasta Coun- ties. Comments:Damage is most significanton maturetrees in developedrecreation sites al- thoughdamage to seedlings(1-0 years old) alsoreported in a plantation.Squirrels under- mineroots and exposethem to diseaseand moisturestress. Page 94 SURVEYSAND EVALUATIONS A REPORT TO TTIE CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL FROM THE INSECT AND DISEASE COMMITTEES Page35 SURVEYSAND EVALUATIONS AIR POLTUIION Twenty-fiveozone injury tend plotses[ablished in DEMONSTRAIIONTHINNING PTOTS IN IHE 1977on the SequoiaNational Forest(Fresno, Tulare, EASTSIDEPINE WPE ON THETASSEN NA- and Kern Counties)were revisited and rated for foliar TIONALFOREST. injury due to air pollution. Theseplots were last evalu- atedin 1990.During the pasttwo yearsinjury increased In 1978-1979the Forest Service established plots in the at 8 sites,decreased at I I sites,and remainedthe same eastsidepine type to show the effects ofthinning on at 6 sites.The generaltrend between 1979 and 1985 pest-causedlosses in areasof high tree mortality. The whenprecipitation was nearnormal was for a gradual standschosen were mostly pole-size ponderosapine increasein the amountof ozoneinjury to pines.During mixed with some white fir and incense-cedar,growing the past6 yearsof droughtin the southernSierra Ne- on medium to low sites, and ranging in age from 70 to vada,however, the trendhas been one ofdecreasing in- 90 years. Within the demonstrationplots, four levels of jury. It is theorizedthat pinesunder moisture slress are stocking density---49, 55, 70, and 100 percent ofnor- lessactive physiologically and therefore take up less mal basal rrer-w€r€ established to demonstrale the bi- ozone.While this may seemto be a beneficialsituation, ological and economic alternatives available for man- manystressed pines, whether damaged by ozoneor not, agement planning. (Normal basal area is the basal area havebeen decimated by barkbeetles. that a stand should have reachedwhen fully stocked with trees, which in the demonstrationareas, ranges from 185 to 215 sq fUac,depending on site quality.) FOREIGNtOG IMPORTS Thirteen years after thinning, the treatrnents had re- Radiata pine (Pinar rdiab) imported from New Zea- duced mortality from 89 to 100 percent of the level in land arrived in San Francisco and the Port of Sacra- unthinned stands(Iable I l). mento. Logs were eventually hauled to Marysville Forest Products,Marysville; Louisiana-Pacific, Oro. Table 11. Commercial tree mor.tality by stocking ville; and SchmidtbauerLumber Company, Eureka. level, thirteen yeani after thinningl Splneropsis sapinea (=pipls62 pinca) was recovered ResldualStocklng After Thlnnlngb from freshly milled logs at each location. The fungus 40% s5% 70% 100% was not recovered from kiln-dried wood at these loca- Year Trees per Acre tions. No other diseasesand no insects were found dur- ing theseinspections. 1980 0.0 0.2 0.2 2.4 1981 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.4 Chilean hardwood logs imported by Fiberboard Cor- poration arrived in Standard,California. The logs, 1982 0.0 0.s 0.3 3.6 Nothofagus dombeyi and Laurelia philippianu, were 1983 0.0 0.1 0.8 4.1 previously fumigated with methyl bromide and aired 1984 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 out for five days prior to shipment from Los Angeles to Standard.No signs of insectsor insect activity were 1985 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.6 noted. Internal sampleswere taken from each of ten 1986 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 logs selectedfor sampling becausethey had either signs 1987 0.0 0.0 0.0 '1.4 of decay or surface defects. Surface contaminants were also collected for identification. All sampleswere taken 1988 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 to Sacramentofor identification and analysis by CDFA 1989 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.6 (California Department of Food and Agriculture). 1990 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 1991 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 MISTLETOES 1992 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.3 Dwarf Mistletoes Approximately 1,500 acreson Mt. Mean 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.9 ShastaRanger District, Shasta-Trinity National Forests (Shasta Range 0 0-.5 0-.8 0-4.'l and Siskiyou Counties) were surveyed for dwarf rnistletoe arourrdand within regenerationunits. PercentMortality Reduction Compared The purpose of the survey is to determine needsand pri- withNormal BasalArea orities for suppressionefforts. 100 95.0 89.0 Dwarf mistletoe continues to spreadand degradeJef- a. Cornmercialtreesars 8 inchesdbh and larger, frey and ponderosapines in the high vaiue recreation withstraight boles, yielding at leastone 1O-foot areasof southernCalifornia. Three suppressionprojects logwith a 6-inchtop. Trees were killed by the are underway:(l ) pruning and felling of mistletoe-in- mountainpine beetle. fested trees at Crystal Lake Campgrounds, Mt. Baldy b. Percentof normalbasalarea. Ranger District, Angles National Forest (Los Angeles County); (2) broom pruning, branch pruning, and tree I Page 36 removal on 800 acres on the Arrowhead, Big Bear, San assistingthe District with monitoring the effectiveness Gorgonio, and San Jacinto Ranger Districts, San Bernar- of the inoculations. dino National Forest (San Bernardino County); and (3) Plots were establishedin spring 1992 on two areasof branch pruning, broom pruning, and felling at Mt. Pinos the District. Nine pine plots were establishedon the Recreation Area and Organization Camps on the Mt. Picayune Ridge portion of the area burned by the 1977 Pinos District, Los PadresNational Forest (Ventura Hogg fue, which reburned in 1987 (near Forks of the projects County). These were begun last year and are ex- Salmon). This areatypifies harsh, difficult-to- pected to be completed in 1995. regenerateconditions that result from repeatedwildfire. Pre-suppressionsurveys were initiated in areasburned Four pine plots were establishedon two units of the by wildfre in the 1987 StanislausComplex Fire Blind Horse Sale area (near Cecilville), which had been (Tuolumne and Mariposa Counties). The purpose is to hand-piled and broadcastburned in l99l in preparation identify potential problem areas where infected for replanting in 1992.This sale area typifies a higher residuals either within or adjacent to young plantations site quality, green sale sirc. Nine Douglas-fir plots were might threaten regenerationand, therefore, require treat- also establishedon three units of the Blind Horse sale ment. area. Field tests are continuing with the selectionsof Jef- 150,m0 Douglas-hr bareroot seedlingsand 250,000 frey pines resistant to dwarf mistletoe. Plots established ponderosapine bareroot seedlings were inoculated with in l99l on the Sugar Pine, Emerald Bay, and Grover a spore suspensionof Rhizopogon sp. during the 1992 Hot Springs State Parks continue to be monitored. Also, planting s€ason.Seedlings were inoculated by incor- additional, plantings of resistantselections will be made porating the spore suspensioninto the vermiculile and on the San Bernardino National Forest in the spring of water slurry into which roots are dipped prior to planr 1993. ing. Investigations are also underway by the Chico Tree Evaluation will be done by measuring growth and sur- Improvement Center and the El Dorado National Forest vival on inoculated and non-inoculated control to develop and test several selectionsofponderosa pine seedlingsin the plots. Root systems will also be ex- to dwarf mistletoe. amined to determine if the inoculation resulted in colonization of the seedlingsby the fungus. True Mistletoes. True mistletoe demonstrationcontrol projects were evaluated for the secondyear in Mycorrhiza inoculation monitoring on the McCloud hardwoods at Lytle Creek Ranger Station, Apple White Ranger District. McCloud Ranger District (Shasu- Campground, and Apple White Day Use Area, Cajon Trinity National Forests)(Siskiyou, ShastaCounties), Ranger District, San Bernardino National Forest, and Forest PestManagement (Northern CA Service Area), Crystal Lake Campground, Mt. Baldy Ranger District, the National Audubon Society, and the mushroom cul- Angeles National Forest (Los Angeles County). ture industry havejointly implemented a study on Demonstration control projects for true mistletoe in con- Forest Service lands to determine whether inoculation ifers were evaluated at Pinyon Flats and Fern Basin with myconhizae atthe time of planting may help in Campgrounds, San Jacinto Ranger District, San Bernar- survival and growth ofponderosa pine seedlingson dino National Forest (San Bernardino County). The data sites typical of diffrcult sites on the District. In order to suggestthat both chemical and silvicultural treatments determine whether one form of inoculum is more can effectively reduce the reproduction and spreadof suitable or beneficial than others, three forms of in- true mistletoes on hardwoods and conifers in recreation oculum were used.These were sporesof Rhzopogon oc- areasfor at least' two years. cidentalis in the root dip slurry, sporesof Pisolithus tinctoius in the slurry, and addition to the planting hole of soil gathered from near healthy mycorrhizal MYCORRHIZAE ponderosapine trees in the vicinity. Mycorrhiza inoculation monitoring on the Salmon Four 0.5 acre plots were establishedin spring 1992. River Ranger District Three units in the Bear Mountain Compartment on Salmon River Ranger District, Klamath National Forest which plantations have failed were selectedfor the (Siskiyou County), initiated a study of the effect of study. The units have not been forested for some time, mycorrNzal inoculation on outplanting seedlinggrowth and representsituations where inoculum potential is and survival. The purpose of the study is to determine likely to be low. Competing vegetation (rabbitbrush and whether such inoculation increasesmycorrhizal infec- grasses)and animal damage(gophers) have contributed tion and provides a survivaVgrowth benefit to to past failures on theseunits. Each plot was hand- ponderosapine seedlingson harsh sites,to ponderosa planted with 25 randomly arrangedseedlings of each pine seedlingson green sale sites, or to Douglas-fir see- treatment (3 inoculation treaunentsand I non-inocula- dlings on green sale sites. USDA-FS Forest Pest tion treatmen|. Each tree was re-measuredannually for Management (Northern CA Service Area Redding) is 3 years to determine differences in growth or survival. Paga37 WHIIE PINE EUSTERRUST plot establishedat the samesi0e. All sugarpine greater than l" DBH on the plot wereinventoried, as well as The USDA-ForestService Forest Pest Managenent seedlingson a nestedW-*re plot. All majorlife- and group initiarcd a surveyof sugarpine occurrenceand growth-threateningdamage present on the treeswas conditionin California.A pilot surveywas conducted recorded,along with detailedinformation on whitepine this summerwith the following objectives:(l) testthe blister rust when that diseasewas identified. methodologyand overall feasibility of thepilot survey Datawere recorded for 146sugar pine on 16plots on (2) designand acquireenough data 0o conduct test the Shasta-TrinityNational Forests,and for 270 sugar analysesto confirm thatuseful and valid conclusions pine on 24 plots on the SequoiaNational Forest.The canbe drawnfrom the datacollected. Personnel from field effort wasaccomplished through the efforts of theForest Service Tree Improvement Program, Forest twelveindividuals who contributeda total of 76 person- ServiceResearch, and the California Department of days(including travel time to andfrom official duty Forestry andFire Protectionprovided major assistance. stations).The resultsof thepilot surveywill be publish- A subsampleofForest Serviceforest inventory and ed in a USDA-ForestService Biological Evaluation. analysis(FIA) plotscontaining sugar pine wererelo- catedon the ground,and a new Yl-acrefixed-radius Pagofi TABLE 12. CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRTCULTURE, TREE DIAGNOSES FROM JANUARY THROUGH NOVEMBER 1992. HOSTTREE DIAGNOSIS COUNTY ABIESMAGNIFICA FUSABIUMMONILIFORME SANTA CRUZ REDFIR SEEDLINGS SEEDLINGROT ABIESMAGNIFICA FUSARIUMOXYSPORUM SANTACRUZ REDFIR SEEDLINGS FUSARIUMBLIGHT ACERPALMAruM VERTICILLIUMDAHLIAE SANTACI.ARA, HUMBOLDT, DWARFJAPANESE MAPLE VERTICILLIUMWILT CONTRACOSTA, SAN MATEO ARAUCANIAARAUCANA PHYSIOLOGICALOEDEMA SONOMA MONKEYPUZLE BETUIAALBA PHORADENDRONMACROPHYLLUM SACRAMENTO WH]TEBIRCH BROADLEAFMISTLETOE CARYAIu,INOENSIS PHYSIOLOGICALHEAT SCORCH TEHAMA PECAN CASUARINAEQUISETIFOLIA FULIGOSEPTICA YOLO BEEFWOODSEEDLINGS EPIPHYTICMYXOMYCETE CERATONIASILIQUA NORMALreALLS" WHICH ARE LOSANGELES CAROBFLOWER OLDSTALKATTACHMENTS CINNAMOMUMCAMPHORA HEATSTESS/BURN SANMATEO CAMPHOR CORNUSFLORIDA DISCUIASP. LOSANGELES EASTERNDOGWOOD FOL]ARBLIGHT CORNUSFLORIDA SEPTORIACOBNIA P]ACER EASTERNDOGWOOD LEAFSPOT CRYPTOMERIAJAPONICA PHWOPHTHORASP. SANTABARBAM CRYPTOMERIA CROWNROT CUPFESSUSSP. SEIBIDIUMCARDINALE CONTM COSTA CYPRESS CYPRESSCANKER CUPRESSUSGLABRA FULIGOSEPTICA YOLO ARIZONACYPRESSSEEDLINGS EPIPHYTICMYXOMYCETE ERIOBOTRYAJAPONICA ENTOMOSPOBIUMMESPILI SANMATEO LOQUAT LEAFSPOT EUCALYPTUSVIMINALIS PHWOPHTHORASP. TEHAMA MANNAGUM CROWNROT FRAXINUSOXYCARPA'RAYWOOD' DIPLODIA MWIIA SOLANO RAYWOODASH CANKEF/FACULTATIVEPARASITE FRAXINUSVELWINA DISCUIA FRAXINEA SACMMENTO VAR.GI-ABRA, MODESTO ASH ASHANTHRACNOSE 7 Pago39 Table 12 (Cont") HOSTTREE DIAGNOSIS COUNTY JUGLANSREGIA SCHIZIPHYLLUMCOMMUNE SACRAMENTO ENGLISHWALNUT WOODDECAY IAGERSTROEMIAINDICA PHYSIOLOG]CALOEDEMA PI.ACER CREPEMYRTLE LIQUIDAMBARSTYRACIFLUA l,\/INGS',NORMAL FASCIATIONS SACRAMENTO LIOU!DAMBAR ON THE TWIGS LIRIODENDBONTULIPIFERA OIDIUMSP. SANTACI.ARA TULIPTREE POWDERYMILDEW ASEXUAL STAGE LIRIODENDRONTULIPIFERA WINDDESSICATION SACRAMENTO TULIPTREE MALUSSYLVESTRIS VENTURIAINAEQUALIS HUMBOLDT APPLE APPLESCAB MORUS ALBr4var.'FRUITLESS' CYTOSPORACHRYSOSPERMA SACRAMENTO FRUITLESSMULBERRY CYTOSPORACANKER 'FRUITLESS' MORUSALBAvaT. HERBICIDEINJURY SACRAMENTO FRUITLESSMULBERRY 'FBUITLESS, MORUSALBAvaT. SCHIZOPHYUUMCOMMUNE CONTRACOSTA FRUITLESSMULBERRY WOODDECAY FUNGUS OLEAEUROPAEA SPILOCAEAOLEAGINEA SANMATEO OLIVE PEACOCKSPOT OF FOLIAGE PINUSRADIATA ENDOCRONARTIUMHARKNESSII SANTACI.ARA, SAN MATEO MONTEREYP]NE WESTERNGALL RUST PINUSRADIATA FUSARIUMSUBGLUTINANS SANTABABBARA, SANTA CRUZ, MONTEREYPINE PINE PITCHCANKER MONTEREY,SAN MATEO PIATANUSOCCIDENTALIS PHENOXYHERBICIDE SACRAMENTO CALIFORNIASYCAMORE INJURY PLATANUSXACERIFOLIA BOTRYOSPHAERIARIBIS LOSANGELES LONDONPLANE TREE CANKER PIATANUSXACERIFOLIA MICROSPHAERAPENICILIATA SANTACTARA LONDONPI-ANE TREE POWDERYMILDEW POPULUSFREMONTII FTATHEADEDBORER INJURY NEVADA COTTONWOOD POPULUSSP. MARSSONINAPOPULINA LOSANGELES POPLAR LEAFSPOT PRUNUSARMENIACA PRUNEDWARF VIRUS MERCED APRICOT Page tlo Table 12 (ConL) HOSTTREE DIAGNOSIS COUNTY PRUNUSARMENIACA PRUNUSNECROTIC MERCED APRICOT RINGSPOTVlRUS PRUNUSAVIUM PHWOPHTHORASP. YUBA SWEETCHERRY PRUNUSDOMESTICA PLUMLINE PATTERN VIRUS CONTRACOSTA PLUM PRUNUSDOMESTICA PSEUDOMONASSYA'NGE SANJOAQUIN PLUM PV. SYRINGEbacterial canker PRUNUSPERSICA MONILINIAFBUCTICOIA SACRAMENTO PEACH STONEFRUIT BROWN ROT PRUNUSPERSICA TAPHRINADEFORMANS SACRAMENTO PEACH PEACHLEAF CURL PRUNUSPERSICA TAPHBINADEFORMANS SACRAMENTO var. NECTARINA,NECTARINE PEACHLEAF CURL PRUNUSVIRGINIANA APIOSPORINAMORBOSA PLACER CHOKECHERRY BLACKKNOT PSEUDOTSUGAMENZESII SERPUIA IACRIMANS SACRAMENTO DOUGI.AS.FIRLUMBER DRYROT FUNGUS PSEUDOTSUGAMENZIESII FUSABIUMOXYSPORUM SANTACRUZ DOUGLAS.FIRSEEDLING UNKOWNPATHOGENICITY PSEUDOTSUGAMENZIESII PHWOPHTHORASP. BUTTE,SANTA CRUZ DOUGI..AS-FIRSEEDLINGS PHYTOPHTHOMROOT ROT PYRUSI QUERCUSAGRIFOLIA CYSTOTHECAIJ4NESIFTS SANTACI-ARA COASTLIVE OAK SEEDLINGS POWDERYMILDEW QUERCUSAGRIFOLIA CYSTOTHECAIANESTRIS SANTACI-ARA COAST LIVE OAK POWDERYMILDEW QUERCUSAGRIFOLIA GANODERMALUCIDUM SANTACI.ARA COAST LIVE OAK HEARTANDROOTROT QUERCUSAGRIFOLIA TAPHRINA CAERULESCENS SAN MATEO, SANTA CRUZ COASTLIVE OAK OAK LEAF BLISTER QUERCUSDOUGIASII DALDINIAGRANDIS NEVADA BLUEOAK WOODDECAY FUNGUS QUERCUSDOUGIASII GANODERMAAPPIANATUM SACRAMENTO BLUEOAK HEARTROT/WOOD DECAY Paga4l Table 12 (Cont) HOST TREE DIAGNOSIS COUNTY OUERCUSDOUGIASII OAKBARK BEETLE INJURY SACRAMENTO BLUEOAI( QUERCUSDOUGI/.SII TWIGGIRDLER WASP INJURY SACRAMENTO BLUEOAl( AUEBCUSENGLEMANNII SP'AE ROTHECAL4NESTB'S SANJOAQUIN ENGLEMANOAK POWOERYMILDEW AUERCUSKE,I'OGGII ARMIIJARIAMELLEA NEVADA CALIFORNIABLACK OAK OAKROOT FUNGUS AUERCUSKE[/.o€,GII DAANA GRANDIS NEVADA CALIFORNIABI.ACK OAK WOODDECAY FUNGUS QUERCUSKEUOGGII GANODERMAAPPIANATUS NEVADA CALIFOBNIABI-ACK OAK HEARTROT/WOOD DECAY QUERCUSKEI/.OGGII STEREUMHIRSWUM NEVADA CALIFORNIABTACK OAK DECAYFUNGUS AUERCUSLOBATA SP T]AE ROTH ECA IANE STRIS SANTACI.ARA VALLEYOAK SEEDLINGS POWDERYMILDEW AUERCUSLOBATA CORYNEUMDEPRESSUM SANJOAOUIN VALLEYOAK BRANCHCANKER QUERCUSLOBATA CYSTOTHECAIANESTRIS SANTACI.ARA VALLEYOAK POWDERYMILDEW QUERCUSLOBATA CYSTOTHECALANESTFIS SANTACI.ARA VALLEYOAK POWDERYMILDEW QUEBCUSLOBATA DIPLODIAQUERCINA SANJOAOUIN VALLEYOAK BRANCHCANKER SALIXBABYLONICA COLLETOTRICHUM HUMBOLDT WEEPINGWILLOW GLOEOSPORIOIDES FACULTATIVETWIG PARASITE SCHI N US TERIBITHI FOLI US OIDIUMSP. MADERA BRMILIANPEPPER POWDERYMILDEW SEQUOIASEMPERVIBENS PHYTOPHTHORASP. HUMBOLDT COASTREDWOOD PHYTOPHTHORAROOT ROT ULMUSAMERICANA ABMILLARIAMELLEA SACRAMENTO AMERICANELM OAKROOT FUNGUS ULMUSPARVIFOLIA GLOEOSPONMMULMICOU LOSANGELES CHINESEELM ANTHRACNOSE UM B EUU IAR IA CALIFO RN I CA GANODERMAAPPIANATUM SANMATEO CALIFORNIABAY HEARTROT/WOOD DECAY Page tl2 - urltrD t?a?E3 DzD^Flilrr o? la.lcrtl.tonl Fol'Esl lt:nl'lct c Lrtlrrtl ''otEf? tt!r, cqrcrL FOR.ESIC PEST DETECTIOI\T R.EPOFTT I. IIEDIXKXHIIU (See irstnrtions on revers€) ir.omm: 2.mtrEsl (ts orlr): r. Drmrm(F OnI): {. Lsl]. DISRiPIIO}I: 6. itrlTl0lt: 7. LA}mffnsilP: l._n._ PoRX$SmnCB section(s) _ ounPDmt S1TTB 5. DtT[: mmn . s0sPmDcrusE(s) 0f Tf,IIIRI: 9. SIfi(S)or nES U?tr'ffO: 10.PNf(Sl 0t ffE AfPECTD: r.ilsn ! u.*o* F r. smrnoF t, suTDEnE r.nrrE 5.mcF 2.DISUSB H 0.UCrnnert H 5.wruInm r-r 2. BRI}|$ 6. H H mm6BH 3.AlrmAr H r.* H l: ff;,,r 3,LnDn H ?.B0D H {. nffilR |-J 8. nmqil l-t {.B0lr I r g.mm | | 1I. SPtrISATIECTED: 12. IIMONA|FECID: 13.lcRls lfPEcliD: I{. IXJIffiOISI?IBOTIOT: 15.s'ttIls 0F iuuRl: t6. trtvtflfl: l. s$rTmxon ?.GRNP' tr l. DzcRzunrcn z.sTrTrc ! 3.nrcRzunc D I?. PLT}ITATIO}I? 18.sTAlo c0lrPsrTl0lr (sPKrrS): 19.STA'ID IGE NO SIIE OISS: r.YEsE 20.slNrD DilsIn (BASALNlAl: 21.SIn Q0AII11: 2. tro t-J 22.PEST [ICIS (rF nOfli)AilD RDOTXS (SypTq{S AlrD C0II?IB0TIIiG IACT0RS): 23.SI{PIJ 2{.tml$ R4CISTD: 25. RXFORTR'SIITI{}: ?6.RtrORlR'SIGHC1I MRTAI!D? l. Il{FoRlr,an0}imI F l.YF H 2.ru lDniTiirctTlo[H 2i. RPORIIR'SADDRESS T PflOilI hll$fr: 2. l{c l-J 3. PIH' Evilnin0!{ LJ u. rprr {PE$runcilxrT rFB) 28. RXSP0liSlr 31.[Ht{I}m,s SIGITAIIRX: t5-1100-l(n€Y. 3/90) Page43 T8ECSPE9ITIVE Ion$T p[st DEIECIIOilSllnvil is spnsoredby tne california torest Pestcouncil. Thecorrncil encourages federal, iiit., an rlDnrl pnso0iEt. senrtall itetectionreprtl tlroughcbaanels. ltail injury salplesritb a copyof tbis reprt to oneof th fotloring aPProPriateof f ic-es: USDItorest Service lorest Pestltalagerent lorest Pestllanagercnt Stateand Private torestrY Shasta-Trinityltational lorests Stanislarsllational lorest 630Saasole Street 2100nashington Avenue 1977?Geenley load Sanlrancisco, CA 9{111 teddilg,CA 96001 Sonora,Cl 95370 STtTgpEnSOXltUt. Send all detrtion reprts throughcbunels. ttail injury salplesrith a copyof ttris reprt to oneof th folloring aPProPriateoffices: Glifornia Dept.of forestry California Dept.of Porestry California Dept.of Porestry andFire Protection andPire Protection andFire Protection P.0.Bor 1590 6105tirprt Road 776S. StateStreet, f107 Davis,Cl 956L7 Redding,C[ 95002 Ukiah,Cl 95{82-5891 PRrVATELlm XillGnS t}{DIlOnmlIS. Sendall detectionreports and sarples to tie closestCalifornia Departrent of Porest4 andPire Protectionoffice listed above. OXPLSINGMI DNBCTIOXNFOM rcRT ELtDnc(BIfiXS t-?1. Enterail infonation reguested.In Block6, L0CATIOll,provide sufficient inforution for ttre injuy centerto be relocated. If pssible, attacba locationup to this fon. IXJURIDESCRIHIOI (BIrCl$ S-I51. Cbeckas mny boresas are applicable,urd fill in tlre reEestedinforration as co4letely as pssible. STAI{DDESCRIPTI0I| (BttrXS 16-21t. Thisinfonation rill aid tbe exarinerin deteniningborr t-be stand conditions contributed to the pest situation. In Block18, indicatethe lajor tree speciesin tlre overstoryand understory. In Block19, indicate the standage in yeus, and/orttre size class (seedling-sapling;pole; youngsautider; uture sarti$er; overratue,0r decadent) . PUSTXlmS (BIOCK 221. ifrite a detaileddescription of the pestor pests,the injuy spptou, urd anycontributing facton, lOlol RI0UISTD(Bl,trK 2{1. ltuk iFiel TXPLY{sEcII0}t IIl. trakeno entriesin ttris block;for eraliningpersonnel only. I copyof tlis reprt rill be returnedto youuith the infonation requested. SfIDLIXGSAIPLE$. Please sublit injury salplesriti eachdetection report. If pssible, sendseveral specixns illrstratirrg tbe stagesof injury anddecline. Xeepsaryles cool andship tJreriuediately after collrtion. Sendtler in a strudy container,and enclose a coupletedcopy of the detectionreprt. Y00RPAITICIPATIOI| Ilt TIE cWPmTIvE FOREST PEST D[TEOI0il Smvil IS GREITLIllXEDtD IllD PPn[CItItD. tdditional copiesof Oil fon are availablefror the ?orestService, Porest Pest flanageaent, ard fror tbe CaliforniaDepartrent of Porestryurd Pin Protection. CALIFORNIAFOREST PEST COUNCIL COUNCILAND COMMITTEEOFFICERS, 1992 Council Chair: Scott Johnson OVilbur-Ellis - Manteca) Council ViceChair: Dave Burns (RPF- Sacramento) Council Secretary: Susan Frankel (USDA Forest Service - San Francisco) STANDINGCOMMITTEES Animal Damage Committee: Chair: Scott Warner (Sierra Pacific Ind. - Redding) Secretary:lohn Borrecco(USDA Forest Service- San Francisco) DiseaseCommittee: Chair: |esseRios (CDF- Sacramento) Secretary:Jack Marshall (CDF - Ukiah) Insect Committee: Chair: fohn Dale (USDA Forest Service- San Francisco) Secretary:feanette Needham (CDF - Ukiah) Southern California Pest Committee: Chair: Dave Neff (CDF - Riverside) Secretary:Paul Rippens (L.A. County Fire Department - Los Angeles) Weed Committee: Chair: Glenn Lunak (RoseburgL,ands - Sterling City) Secretary:David Bakke (USDA Forest Service- Pollock Pines) Editorial Committee: Chair: Don Perkins (CDF- Sacramento) Editor-in-Chief: Allen Robertson(CDF - Sacramento) EXECUTIVECOMMITTEE The Executive Committee is composed of the Council Chair, Vice{hair, Council Secretary,the Standing Committee Chairs (6), and the following members-at-large(3) : . Herb Baldwin (RoseburgResources Co. - Anderson) o Georg,eFerrell (USDA FS PSW - Redding) o Ron Thompson (USDA APHIS ADC - Sacramento)