1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals

Home , Acanthochelys, Acrantophis dumerili, Adetomyrma, Adrianichthys, Adrianichthys kruyti, Aegialia concinna

The tUCN Species Survival Commission

1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals

Compiled and Edited by Jonathan Baillie and Brian Groombridge

The Worid Conseivation Union 9

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Citation: lUCN 1996. 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. lUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

ISBN 2-8317-0335-2

Co-published by lUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge U.K., and Conservation International, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

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Cover photo: Radiated tortoise, Geochelone radiata (Jolin L. Behler). The lUCN Species Survival Commission

1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals

Compiled and Edited by Jonathan Baillie and Brian Groombridge

with the assistance of Mariano Gimenez Dixon, Angela Barden, Neil Cox, Belinda Gray, Simon Stuart, Martin Sneary, Timothy Johnson, Julie Reay, Elizabeth McCance, and Georgina Mace

in association with experts in the lUCN Species Survival Commission, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and BirdLife International

Guest Essays hy Ulf Gardenfors Alison Stattersfield

Foreword by George Rabb

lUCN >n ^ The Worid Conservation Union species Survival Commission Conservation international 4mc ^•^ WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE Sidiamu of Oman Chicago Zoological Socii;ly

BirdLife NaYweJl^''^M English WWF ""^^fr'o"^ c^sfn-flHCv NATURE )

Contributions to the lUCN/Species Survival Commission and the 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals

The Species Survival Commission gratefully recognizes The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) makes a sig- its extensive network of volunteers who make production nificant annual contribution to the SSC Conservation of the lUCN Red List possible. Those individuals who Communications Fund, in addition to grants for in situ have contributed time and expertise are listed in the conservation coordinated by the SSC. NWF is the largest Acknowledgements. SSC also wishes to acknowledge non-governmental, non-profit conservation education those donors whose major financial contributions support and advocacy organization in the United States. NWF's a wide variety of SSC activities, as well as development emphasis is on helping individuals and organizations of and publication of the lUCN Red List. all cultures, in the United States and abroad, to conserve wildlife and other natural resources and to protect the The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott earth's environment to assure a peaceful, equitable, and lUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports sustainable future. Action Plan development and implementation; to date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan, has Specialist Groups. As a result, the Action Plan Program awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade has progressed at an accelerated level and the network Program and Conservation Communications Program. has grown and matured significantly. The SSC is grate- This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable ful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well support for species conservation worldwide. as to the larger global conservation community. Among

other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters The Chicago Zoological Society (CZS) provides signif- concerning the designation and management of nature icant in-kind and cash support to the SSC, including reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, con- grants for special projects, editorial and design services, servation of natural landscapes, coordination of law staff secondments, and related support services. The enforcement efforts, as well as promotion of conserva- President of CZS and Director of Brookfield Zoo, tion education, research, and international cooperation. George B. Rabb, serves as the volunteer Chair of the SSC. The mission of CZS is to help people develop a The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) provides sustainable and harmonious relationship with nature. significant annual operating support to the SSC. WWF's The Zoo carries out its mission by informing and inspir- contribution supports the SSC"s minimal infrastructure ing 2,000,000 annual visitors, serving as a refuge for and helps ensure that the voluntary network and species threatened with extinction, developing scientific Publications Program are adequately supported. WWF approaches to manage species successfully in zoos and aims to conserve nature and ecological processes by: ( I the wild, and working with other zoos, agencies, and preserving genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity; (2) protected areas around the world to conserve habitats ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is and wildlife. sustainable both now and in the longer term; and (3) pro- moting actions to reduce pollution and the wasteful exploitation and consumption of resources and energy. WWF is one of the world's largest independent conservation organizations, with a network of National Organi- zations and Associates around the world and more than 5.2 million regular supporters. WWF continues to be known as World Wildlife Fund in Canada and in the United States of America.

Intro 2 The following organizations also played an important BirdLife International compiles and maintains the bird role in relation to the lUCN Red List: component of the lUCN Red List. BirdLife is a worldwide partnership of conservation organizations that seeks Publication of the 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened to conserve all wild bird species and their habitats.

Animals was made possible by lUCN/SSC's co-publish- Through this. BirdLife helps protect the world's biolog- ing partner Conservation International (CI). CI secured ical diversity and supports the sustainable use by humans funds for the Red List production, including a generous of the world's natural resources. BirdLife is a national grant from the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation force in 58 countries around the world and represented in (US) and supported publication and distribution of the a further 26 nations. publication. CI helps people improve their standard of living while conserving their valuable natural resources. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) supplied data for CI develops and promotes models to conserve ecological many of the North American species included in the

"hotspots," threatened rain forests, and other ecosystems lUCN Red List. TNC is an international non-govern- in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. To ensure lasting mental organization whose mission is to preserve solutions to conservation challenges, these models inte- the plants, animals, and ecological communities that grate economic, cultural, and ecological factors, and are represent the diversity of life on Earth. With more than designed to strengthen local capacity for conservation. 800,000 members, the Conservancy owns and manages over 1,600 preserves, the largest private system of nature The World Conservation Monitoring Centre sanctuaries in the world. Internationally, the Conserv-

(WCMC) is SSC's data management partner, and man- ancy works to support in-country organizations and ages the database from which the lUCN Red List is gen- agencies that share its focus on the protection of biologi- erated, and has provided much of the information for cal diversity. The Conservancy has also helped estab- this edition. WCMC, based in Cambridge, UK, is a joint- lish a network of Natural Heritage Programs and venture between the three partners in the World Conservation Data Centers, based in state and national

Consenation Strategy, and its successor. Caring for the agencies and private organizations throughout the United Earth: lUCN, UNEP (the United Nations Environment States, Canada, and Latin America. Programme), and WWF. WCMC provides information services on the conservation and sustainable use of species and ecosystems and supports others in the development of their own information systems.

Intro 3 Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive

in 2010 witii funding from UNEP-WCIVIC, Cambridge

http://www.archive.org/details/1996iucnredlisto96bail 1

Contents

Page Page

Foreword Guest Essays George B. Rabb Intro 6 Application of lUCN Red List Categories on a Regional Scale Acknowledgements Intro 7 UlfGdrdenfors Intro 63

Introduction Intro 10 Applying the New lUCN Threatened Species Categories Organization of Information Intro 12 Alison Stattersfield Intro 67

Information Sources and Quality Intro 15 The 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals The New lUCN Categories Index to Classes 1 and Criteria Intro 17

List 1. Threatened Species 3 Analysis

List 2. Lower Risk: conservation dependent . . .129 Jonathan Baillie Intro 24

List 3. Lower Risk: near threatened 135 References Intro 42 List 4. Extinct and Extinct in the Wild 177

Data Tables List 5. Data Deficient 193

Table 1. Status Category Summary List 6. Subspecies and Populations 219

for all Classes and Orders Intro 44 List 7. Taxa Removed from the

Table 2. Status Category Summary 1996 Red List 241 by Major Taxonomic Group Intro 50 Index 257 Table 3. Threatened Species: Country Totals by Taxonomic Group Intro 5 Annex

Table 4. Extinct, Threatened and Key to Sources Annex 1 Other Species; Country Totals by rUCN Red List Categories Annex 3 Status Category Intro 57

Intro 5 Foreword

The Red List of Threatened Animals is a warning flag, Second, the application of the new system to species signalling for global attention to the perilous status of on prior lists and to other species was also a daunting many species. In its approach, this Red List is different undertaking. Many Specialist Groups of the Species from all its predecessors and the existing Red Data Survival Commission and BirdLife International carried books. It employs a more rigorous system for assessing out this work. Jonathan Baillie gave crucial attention to degree of threat of extinction, a system reflecting cur- coordination and instruction of this work, and his service rent knowledge in population biology in relation to con- deserves the gratitude of conservationists everywhere. servation concerns. This more objective approach should Most conservation actions are carried out in national help focus attention on the causative factors behind the contexts, and going forward, the new approach to cate- diminished geographic ranges, declining populations, gorizing conservation status needs to be adapted for use and small numbers that characterize endangerment in at the national level. The lUCN is encouraging the many species. development of National Biodiversity Conservation

The Red List is incomplete because of our ignorance Groups, and it is important that they be suitably equipped of the vast majority of life forms on the planet, most of with cogent information in directing their efforts to effect them invertebrates and other microfauna. Nevertheless, conservation of endemic species. the status of the larger species covered by the Red List As biological gauges of endangerment, the Red Lists is indicative of the circumstances for many smaller of species should be considered as calls for attention to species that occupy the same environments as the larger causal factors. The causes of endangerment range from species. In this connection, a notable achievement in habitat destruction and overharvesting to pollution and preparation of this edition of the Red List was review of introduction of invasive species. Thoroughgoing review all species of mammals. Thanks to this work and to the of the Red List in relation to these proximate causes may prior work of BirdLife International, two classes of ver- help focus relevant research, education, training, and pol- tebrates have now been assessed. It is of significance icy development within the lUCN networks and the con- for conservation planning and action that the less vagile servation community generally. In turn, such work can group, the mammals, has proportionately more species at inform and inspire appropriate governmental and social risk of extinction than the birds. actions to stem the loss of biological diversity illustrated The observations above reflect very considerable so explicitly by this Red List. Looking ahead, such accomplishments. First, the development of the new sys- responsiveness will be obligatory if we are to deal at all tem for categorizing threats was a formidable task. Led adequately with global change phenomena that are by Georgina Mace, the effort involved hundreds of con- impacting the long term survival prospects for ecosys- sultations and much debate over several years before tems and their distinctive complements of species. there was a product suitable for adoption by lUCN-The World Conservation Union. The conservation commu- George B. Rabb nity is truly indebted to Dr. Mace and her many collabo- SSC Chair rators for their work.

Intro 6 Acknowledgements

The assistance of many people has been essential during Marydele Donnelly, Iain Douglas-Hamilton. Craig the compilation of the 1996 lUCN Red List. In particu- Downer, Holly Dublin, Henri J. Dumont, Patrick lar, we must acknowledge the many SSC Specialist Duncan, J. Dutton, Rod East, Harald Ehmann, Lucius Group chairs and other members, and the many other Eldredge, Mark Eldridge, Keith Eltringham, K.C. field scientists, who have provided data and opinions for Emberton, Sebastian Endrody-Younga, Carl Ernst, this revision, usually in addition to already heavy work- Joseph Erwin, Ardith A. Eudey, G. Evans, Michael loads. We hope that we have not overlooked anyone in Ewert, Neil Fairall, Garry Fellers. Christopher Field, Y. the list below, and trust that those who have made espe- Finet, J. F. Fitzpatrick Jr., Tim Flannery, John Flux, Jack cially valuable contributions will not object to our alpha- Fooden, Thomas Foose, Koyla Formozov, Nikolai betical sequence. Formozov, Garth Foster, Chuck Fowler, Sarah Fowler, Razeem Mazaln Abdullah, Alberto Abreu Grobois, Nat Frazer, A. Frias-Martin, Tony Friend. Agustin M. Farid Absan, Arturo Acero, Donat Agosti, Alex Fuentes, Liza Gadsby, Anh Galat, Gerard Galat, Aguilar, Gustavo Aguirre, A. Alberts. G. Allen, Patricia Nicholas Gales, Ray Gambell, Usha Ganguli- Almada-Villela, R. Alonso, Giovanni Amori, Claes Lachungpa, S.K. Gangwere, Marion Garai, Gerald Andren, Christopher Andrews, Douglas Armstrong, Visit Gamer, Dave Garshelis, Steve Gartlan, A. Gasgoigne, Arsaithamkul, Syoziro Asahina, Jose Marcio Ayres, Annie Gautier-Hion, Anthony Gent, Sarah George, Baccio Baccetti. Gary Backhouse, Robin Baird, John Arthur Georges, G. Gerber, Stella Giannoni, R. Gibson, Baker, George Balazs, Michael Balke, Harvey Ballard Huw Giffiths, Joshua Ginsberg, Spartaco Gippoliti,

Jr., Emilio Balleto, John Bannister. K.R. Beaman, Simon Angela Glatston, Natalie Goodall, N. Goodyear, Suren- Bearder, John Behler, Denton Belk, Ben Bell. Diana dra Goyal, Michael Green, Penelope Greenslade, Bell, Charles Bellamy, John Benzie, Ibrahim Beran, Michael Griffin, O. Griffiths, Kurt Grossenbacher, Colin Kristin Berry, Vladimir Beshkov, Peter Best, Roger P. Groves, Kunkun Jaka Gurmaya, M. Haase, Celio Bills, David Bilton. Zainuddin Bin Awang Lela. Vadim Haddad, M. Hadfield, L. Hadway, David Hafner, Birstein, Karen Bjorndal. D. Blair. Charles Blanch. Heather Hall, Matti Hamalainen, Michelle Hamer, Sandy William Bleisch, Quentin Bloxam, A.E. Bogan, Ramesh Harcourt, James Harding, John Hare, Tero Harkonen, Boonratana. Eric Born, Philippe Bouchet, Ian Boyd, David Harrison, John Harwood, Julie Hawkins, W.K. William Branch, Douglas Brandon-Jones. Matthew Hayes, Sun Hean, Larry Heaney, Simon Hedges, Mads

Braunwalder, Amie Brautigam, M. Breuil, Warren Y. Peter Htide-Jorgensen, Joel Heinen, Eero Helle, J. Brockelman, Daniel Brooks, Martin Brooks, D.S. Heller, R. Henderson, Lars Hendrich. Martin Henzl, Brown, Robert Brownell, B. Bruce, Andrew Burbridge, Alejandro Hernandez- Yasez, David Hill, Craig Hilton-

Kurt Bushlmann, James Buskirk, Tom Butynski, Nora Taylor, Rod Hitchmough, Horton Hobbs III, Domingo

Bynum, Des Callaghan, Ruben Callo, Merry Camhi, Hoces, John Holsinger, Paul Horner, J. Horrocks, M. Claudio Campagna, Domingo Canales-Epinosa, John Hounsome, Darryl Houston, Chia Chi Hsiung, Elodie Cann, Emily Capuli, Eduardo Carrillo, C.M.S. Carring- Hudson, Gene Huntsman, Mark Hutchinson, Anthony ton, R.L. Carter, Stephen Casey, Fernando Cervantes, Hutson, M. Ibanez, Thomas Illiffe, Amar Inamdar, Anwaruddin Choudhury, Peter Christie. Ruth Chunge, Prayuth Intarapanich, Augustin Iriarte W, John Iverson, Tim Clancy, D. Clark, Harold Cogger, Adelmar Nina G. Jablonski. Dale Jackson, Peter D. Jackson, Peter Coimbra-Filho, James Cokendolpher, G. Cole, Cristino F.R. Jackson, Peter Jarman, Thomas Jefferson, Raymond CoUado, David E. Collins, L. Compagno, Luis Contreras. Jezerinac, Xing-Bao Jin, Andrew Johns, Chris Johnson,

Salvador Contreras-Balderas, J. Conyers, S. Cook, Justin Ken Johnson. Naris Kaewsalabnil, Zhou Kaiya, Sumate Cooke, Peter Copley, Keith Corbett, Liliana Cortes- Kamolnorranath, Kadzo Kangwana, Toshio Kasuya, Ortiz, R. von Cosel, Jackie Courtenay, John Coventry, R. Hidehiro Kato, Todd Katzner, Les Kaufman, V. Kessner, Cowie, Colin Craig, Keith Crandall. Enrique Crespo, Le Vu Khoi. Catri Khoohathapharak, Bastiaan Kiauta, Deborah Grouse, Neil Cumberlidge, Claudio Cunazza. R.N. Kilburn, Steven Kingswood, Margaret Kinnaird, Indraneil Das, Charles Daugherty, G.S. Davis, Steve Carl Kinze, R. Craig Kirkpatrick, Devra Kleiman, David Dawson, Mark Day, Flavio de Barros Molina, Gustavo Klein, Hans Klingel, Ann K. Kohihaas, Wichit Kongk- de Fonseca, Gerrit De Graaff, Idsen de Gusmao Camara, ham, Karen Kool, Adriaan Kortlandt, Zoltan Korzos, Daniel de Lamo, Roberto de Rocha e Silva, Thomas Maurice Kottelat, Gerald Kuchling, Ajith Kumar, Padma Defler, Bernard Devaux, Chris Dickinan, H.K. Divekar, Kumari de Silva, Frank Kurczewski, Sergius Kuzmin,

Intro 7 Michael Lambert. Ernst Lang, Tom Langton, P. Last, Sadovy, Carl Safina, David Saltz, Michael Samways, Andrew Laurie, David Lavigne, Richard Laws, Kevin Kanchai Sanwong, Daniel Sarasqueta, Carel P. Van

Lazarus, James Lazell. Nigel Leader-Williams, Steve Schaik, P.J. Schembri. Mitchel Schiewe, Duane Schlitter, Leatherwood, Anthony Lee, Phyllis Lee, Charlie Eberhard Schmidt, Frederick Schueller. Helga Schulze, Leelasiri. Lynn Lefebvre, Jean-Marc Lernould, Jean Norman Scott, Mary Barbara Seddon, John Seebeck, Lescure, Sanan Liangpaiboon, Colin Limpus, Malan Michael Seidel, Michael Sergeev, Lester Seri, Juan Lindeque, Bounchanh Liphoung, Lois K. Lippold, Carlos Serio-Silva, Chris Servheen, David Shackleton, Miguel Lizana, Michael Lock, Chainarong Lohachit, Nita Shah, Peter Shaughnessy, Glenn Shea, Greg Paul Loiselle, Lloyd Lowry, Geoff Lundie-Jenkins, Dan Sherley, Jeff Short, Johann Sigurjonsson, Claudio Lunney, Yiqing Ma, Alistair MacDonald, David Mac- Sillero-Zubiri, Gilberto Silva-Lopez, Marcus Simons, donald, Angelo Machado, Akihiro Mae, Alejandro Apidet Singhaseni, Tero Sipilla, Paul Skelton, Boris

Maeda-Martinez. Bruce Male. David Mallon, M.C.D. Sket, S. Slack-Smith, Elisabeth Slooten, Andrew Smith, Mansur, Neca Marcovaldi, Dimitris Margaritoulis. A.L. Brian Smith, Laurie Smith. Jack Sobel, A. Solem, Markezich, Miriam Marmontel, Helene Marsh, Keen Ramon Soriguer, Nicolas Soto, Zandi Spuris, Sompoad

Martens, Roderic Mast, Larry Master, Yolanda Matam- Srikosamatara, J. Stanisic, F. Starmiihlner, J. Steffek, oros, Sharon Matola, Stephanie Maxwell, Mary June Sally Stephens, Melanie Stiassny, Ian Stirling, David Maypa, Don McAllister, Kelly McAllister, Elizabeth Stone, Gregory Stone, Karen Strier, Anton Stumpel, McCance, Andrew McCarthy, William McCord, Keith Franz Suchentrunk, Ken Sugimura, Vivake Sukead, McDonald, R.M. McDowall, Roger McManus, David Channarong Sukthon, Raman Sukumar, Yant Sukwonge, Mech, Marcus Meier, Peter Menkhorst, Anne Meylan, Sidney W. Sunkle, Jatna Supriatna, P. Tattersfield, Peter Meylan, Simon Mickleburgh, Phil Miller, Gus Christopher Taylor, Mitchell Taylor, Ricky Taylor, Mills, Joe Mitchell, Joseph Mitchell, Russell Mitter- Andrei Tchabovsky, Geza Teleki, Jo Thompson, Paul meier, Patricia Moehlman, Don Moll, Edward Moll, Thompson, John Thorbjamarson, Apichart Tirawatana, Maggie Moonie-Seus, Jim Moore, Norman Moore, P. Tolson, K. Tomiyania, David Towns, Fritz Trillmich, Daniel Morris. Keith Morris, Jeanne Mortimer, Cynthia Wancahi Tunwattana, Caroline Tutin, B. K. Tyagi, Moss, Johanna Motta-Gill, Teresa MuUiken, Graziella Michael Tyler, Martin Tyson, Shun-Ichi Ueno, Yuji Mura, Jack Musick, M. Mylonas, Tilo Nadler, F. Naggs, Uozumi, Yongchai Utara, Claudio Valladares-Padua, Bernabas Nagy, D. Nellis, Gertrud Neumann-Denzau. Victor Valverde, Erik van der Straeten, Peter Paul van T.R. New, Don Newman, Carsten Niemitz, Goran Dijk, Nico van Strien, Jan van Tol, Dick Vane-Wright, Nilson, Toshisada Nishida, Steve Njumbe, Peter R. Varman. Alejandro Velazquez, Fernando Videla, Novellie, Kristin Nowell, Eduardo Nunez, Felix Nunez, Bibiana Vila, Maria Lilian Villalba. Amanda Vincent, Ann Oakenfull, John F. Gates, R.A. Odum. Ricardo Valeriy Vladimirov. Richard Vogt, Rob Wager, H. Wai, Ojeda, Maria Elisa Oliveira, William Oliver, Robert Simon Wakefield, Sawai Wanghongsa, Melvin Warren

Olivier, Thawom Orasoon, J. Ottenwalder, Su Su Oung, Jr., Robert Webb, Vern Weitzel, Susan Wells, Christen S. Palazzi, Buntawan Pamoke, Felipe Pascual, Dennis Wemmer, Tony Whitaker, Anthony Whitten, Ian Whyte, Paulson, Junaidi Payne, Paul Pearce-Kelly, David Wisid Wichasilpa, Mary Wicksten, T. Wiewandt, Pearson, Oliver Pearson, A. Perera, A.M. Perez, William Oystein Wiig, Stuart Williams, Liz Williamson, Khin Perrin, R. Pethiyagoda, Georgi Petrov Peshev, Bernie Than Win, D. Wingate, A.J. de Winter, John Winter, Peyton, William Pflieger. Richard Podloucky, Cathryn Roland Wirth, John Woinarski, Grace Wong-Reyes, Poff. B. Pokryseko, W. Ponder. Ishwar Prakash, Elizabeth Wood, Charles Woods, Jack Woody, Pat Theerapat Prayurasiddhi. R.C. Preece, Peter Pritchard, WooUey, Richard Wrangham, W. Wuster, Nuan Thong Zdzislaw Pucek, Silvia Puig, Andre Punt, Paul Racey, Xavonxay, Zhang Yongzu, Waltraut Zimmermann, G. David Ragge, Graeme Ramsay, Nipai Rattanapan, Zorzi. George Zug, Gabriel Zunino, and C.G. van Zyll Nancy Rayner, Bruce Read. James Reddell. Kent de Jong.

Redford, Randall Reeves, Janet Reid, Peter Reijnders, Although it is always dangerous to draw attention to Dave Charles Rentz, Julio Reyes, Vernon Reynolds, particular names from such a list, special mention must Anders Rhodin, Ignacio Ribera. Enrique Richard, Philip be made of the extraordinary effort made by the SSC Richardson, T. Ripkin, Galium Roberts, Phillip Robin- Mollusc Specialist Group, under the leadership of Mary son, Terence Robinson, Henry Robinson, Ernesto Seddon and Philippe Bouchet, which evaluated a huge Rodriguez-Luna, Francisco Romero, Fernando Rosas, number of species for inclusion in the 7996 lUCN Red James Perran Ross, B. Roth, Rob Roughley, David List ofTlveatened Animals. Rounsevell, Richard Rowe, Mary Rowen, Roger Roy. The data on birds are taken from BirdLife Inter- Anthony Rylands, Sergio Saba, Jordi Sabater-Pi, Yvonne national's 1994 publication Birds to Watch 2, which is

Intro 8 the official source for birds on the lUCN Red List. We Jonathan Baillie took the responsibility of assisting the would like to thank Nigel Collar and Alison Stattersfield SSC Specialist Groups and other experts to use the new

for their assistance in making the bird data available. system, and apply it to thousands of species. Without Data for a number of species of North American rep- Jonathan's assistance, the first ever evaluation of all

tiles, amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates are gener- mammal species for their threatened status would not ously provided by the Nature Conservancy, and we thank have been completed in time for this edition. Jonathan Bruce Stein and Jeff Lerner for their help. Data on developed a guide on how to use the new categories and marine fishes were provided through a workshop sup- criteria, which was widely used by SSC members. He ported by the Institute of Zoology (UK) and the World was also responsible for writing most of the Introduction Wide Fund for Nature, and special thanks are due to and Analysis sections of the 1996 lUCN Red List of Elodie Hudson, Georgina Mace, and Mike Sutton for Threatened Animals. Brian Groombridge provided con-

making this possible. Additional thanks goes to Maurice siderable assistance with the introductory section and, in Kottelat for his advice on Eurasian fishes. We also particular, was responsible for the Organization of would like to thank Flora and Fauna International for Information, Information Sources and Quality, and Data supporting Simon Mickleburgh and Mark Day in their Table sections. Mariano Gimenez Dixon played a major contributions to the Red List. role in helping to evaluate a number of the lesser-known Particular thanks are due to Ulf Gardenfors and Alison species under the new system, and assisted Jonathan in Stattersfield for writing the Guest Essays. Ulfs essay providing support and advice to SSC members. Georgina introduces the process that has now started to develop Mace was a constant source of wisdom and advice guidelines for the application of the new lUCN Red List throughout the process, and provided valuable editorial

categories at regional and national levels. Alison's essay comments. Simon Stuart was the lUCN project manager, highlights some of the lessons learned in using the new and served as overall editor of the introductory sections.

categories in the compilation of Birds to Watch 2. Production of the camera-ready copy at the offices of Particular mention must be made of the extraordinary the Chicago Zoological Society was carried out by Diane amount of work undertaken by the World Conservation Cavalieri. Elizabeth McCance oversaw the final compi- Monitoring Centre in support of the 1996 lUCN Red List lation, and Susan Tressler also assisted during the final of Threatened Animals. Research, fact-checking, and stages of production. data entry were carried out by Angela Barden, Neil Cox, Production of the 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened and Belinda Gray. Electronic data merges were under- Animals would not have been possible without the ongo- taken by Martin Sneary, who also designed and imple- ing support of the long-term donors to the lUCN Species mented changes to the database, and produced output Survival Commission: the Sultanate of Oman (which

files for data tables and taxonomic lists. Julie Reay super- established the Peter Scott lUCN/SSC Action Plan

vised the final production of tables and lists. Terry Hart Fund): the Chicago Zoological Society: the National was responsible for the final production of the tables and Wildlife Federation; the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan:

lists to produce the camera-ready copy. Overall quality and the World Wide Fund for Nature. English Nature control and coordination was provided by Brian Groom- has also provided financial support to assist in the publi- bridge. Tim Johnson and Brian Groombridge were the cation of this Red List. In particular, publication of the project managers. WCMC generously supported this 1996 lUCN Red List was made possible by lUCN/SSC's project over and above the level of funding provided by co-publishing partner. Conservation International. lUCN, without which this edition could not be produced. Conservation International secured funds from the The task of compiling the 1996 lUCN Red List of Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation (US) and sup- Threatened Animals presented particular challenges, ported the publication and distribution of the publication. resulting from the adoption of the new lUCN Red List Particular thanks are due to Russ Mittermeier and Jorgen

categories in November 1994. This made it impossible Thomsen of Conservation International for making all to carry listings forward from the 1994 lUCN Red List. this possible.

Intro 9 Introduction

For more than thirty years, the Species Survival • The information is presented in a more user-friendly

Commission (SSC) has been assessing the conservation manner so that it may be used by a much larger and status of species and subspecies on a global scale in order varied audience; and to highlight taxa threatened with extinction, and therefore • We have tried to make the infonnation more promote their conservation. Although today we are oper- accessible as it is posted on the World Wide Web, ating in a very different political, economic, social, and with links to other threatened biodiversity ecological world from that of the first lUCN Red Data infonnation sources. Book, the SSC remains firmly committed to providing the world with the most objective, scientifically-based With the help of a network of more than 6,000 SSC information on the current status of globally threatened Specialist Group members, and data from BirdLife biodiversity. As species and subspecies are the bearers of International, the World Conservation Monitoring genetic diversity and the building blocks of ecosystems, Centre, and The Nature Conservancy, the 1996 lUCN information on their conservation status and distribution Red List of Threatened Animals is the most comprehen- provides the foundation for making informed decisions sive inventory ever of threatened species and subspecies about preserving biodiversity at local to global levels. on a global scale. The efforts of the large network of volunteers and partner organizations have resulted in the Goals recognition of the 5,205 threatened taxa listed in this book. The goals of the 7996 lUCN Red List Threatened of The conservation status of every mammal species in Animals are to: the world is assessed for the first time in the 1996 lUCN

• Provide scientifically-based information on the Red List. The only other major taxonomic group that has status of species and subspecies at a global level been comprehensively evaluated is birds (Collar et al. 1994). Assessing every species in these taxonomic • Draw attention to the magnitude and importance groups represents a major milestone in conservation, of threatened biodiversity enabling us to determine clearly the overall status of

• Influence national and international policy, and mammals and birds, and to continue to monitor the trends decision making within these higher-taxon groups. Although determining the conservation status of all • Provide information to guide actions to conserve birds and mammals is a great step forward in conserva- biological diversity tion, these two classes represent about 30% of vertebrates

and only 0.8% of all named species. Within the next Improving the Red List five to ten years, we hope to have all known higher vertebrates and freshwater fishes completely assessed. as a Conservation Tool Unfortunately, given lack of financial resources, and the We have introduced several innovations which have sheer magnitude of the numbers of lower vertebrate and

enhanced the effectiveness of the 1996 lUCN Red List as invertebrate species, it will probably be a long time a conservation tool: before these taxa receive comprehensive conservation assessments. Furthermore, there are currently about 1.5 • At the species level, the conservation status of all to 1 .8 million named species, but it is estimated that the vertebrates and the majority of invertebrates listed actual number of species in the world ranges from 5 to 10 in the 1994 Red List has been re-assessed; million (May em/. 1995). If this prediction is correct, • For the frrst time, all mammal species have been then thousands to millions of species may be missing assessed, in addition to many other species that had from the Red List because they have not yet been dis-

not previously been evaluated: covered or described. Nevertheless, despite these difficulties, the number of invertebrate and fish species • We have adopted and applied a more objective mcluded within the Red List has risen sharply in the last system for classifying conservation status, that three published editions. allows comparisons to be made across species in assessing likelihood of extinction;

Intro 10 1

To improve the quality and usefulness of the infor- The 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals is mation in the Red List, we have used the new lUCN cat- now on the World Wide Web at (http://www.wcmc. egories and criteria, approved by lUCN Council in 1994. org.uk/data/database/rl_anml_combo .html). This allows

This system improves the objectivity of the listing any person with Web access to use the database to obtain process by providing quantitative criteria that define information such as: each category of threat (Critically Endangered, Endang- • What percent of known and assessed species ered, and Vulnerable). It also requires specialists who are threatened? provide assessments to give a reason for the listing of each species or subspecies in a particular threat category. • Which species and subspecies are the most

Providing specific reasons for listing: ( 1 ) improves the threatened? accountability of the system; (2) provides information • Which taxonomic groups are at the greatest that may lend insight into processes driving extinction for risk of extinction? a specific species, taxonomic groups, or taxa in a particular region; and (3) provides the basis for systematically • Where are the most threatened species located? monitoring changes in status over time. Details of the Currently, links are being developed to allow direct new system can be found in the section entitled The New access to relevant SSC Specialist Group Action Plans or lUCN Categories and Criteria, and also in Annex 2 at Specialist Group home pages. lUCN will be developing the end of this publication. Web connections between the Red List and other biodi- The Red List was traditionally written for a scientific versity information sources. This will enhance the value audience (Scott et al. 1987), but as the imperiled status of of the Red List as a starting point for exploration of con- biological diversity has become increasingly evident, servation options, ranging from the genetic to the ecosys- the general public and policy makers have taken a much tem level. stronger interest in the growing list of threatened taxa. We have changed the format of the publication to appeal to a much wider audience while retaining scientific content. Where possible, common names have been included for all species and subspecies.

Intro 1 Organization of Information

The / 994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals was a Lists

major advance on its predecessors in clarity of layout and Lower Risl<: near tlireatened

amount of information presented on each species. This is This includes species in the "near threatened" subcate- (LR:nt). Taxa in this maintained in 1 996, and the lists further reflect the refine- gory of the Lower Risk category

ment built into the revised system of categories. subcategory are "near threatened" in the sense of being There are eight categories in the new system. All taxa close to the threshold of the Vulnerable category. within these categories have an entry in the seven lists below except those in the Not Evaluated category (NE) List 4 and those in the Lower Risk subcategory of "least con- Extinct and Extinct in the Wild cern" {LR;lc). All assessments (except the small number The second list in the 1994 Red List was a compilation of geographically isolated populations in List 6, which of species categorized by lUCN as extinct or probably are not recognized taxonomically) are of the taxon as a extinct in the wild, and a number of species that had not

whole, i.e. indicate the global risk of extinction. been categorized by lUCN but which were known to

The first priority in compiling this present edition of have become extinct since around 1600 AD. That previ- the Red List was to assess all known mammal species; ous compilation is the basis for this list, which includes

the second was to re-assess all other vertebrates in the two distinct categories in the revised system. Extinct (EX) 1994 Red List; the third was to cover the invertebrate and Extinct in the Wild (EW). This list reflects some groups in the 1994 Red List for which an active lUCN movement of species between extinct and threatened Specialist Group exists. These goals have been achieved. categories as a result of new information or interpretation.

It can be assumed therefore that any bird or mammal species (unless described too recently to have been eval- Lists

uated, or not generally accepted as a full species) that is Data Deficient

not in one of the lists in this publication falls within the This category includes species that lack the data needed "least concern" division of the Lower Risk category. The to make an assessment of risk possible. Taxa in this cat- fourth priority was to deal with remaining invertebrates; egory differ from those in the Not Evaluated category in

relatively few of these have been assessed. that the question of data availability has been considered

in the former but has not yet been considered in the latter.

Contents of Taxonomic Lists Lists List1 Subspecies and Populations Threatened Species This includes all subspecies that were listed in 1994 and for All categories are This list includes all the full species categorized at global which have been reassessed 1996. level as either Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered included here, except Lower Risk: least concern. In most (EN), or Vulnerable (VU). Only taxa within any of these instances subspecies are only listed if the full species of three categories are collectively termed "threatened", and which they are a component has also been evaluated. For

this list is the current central catalogue of animal species the first time, a number of geographically isolated identified as globally threatened under the new category intraspecific populations have also been listed where a system. special conservation need has been identified. In List 6 the letters "cd" and "nt" in place of the criteria shown in

List 2 List 1 indicate, respectively, the "conservation depen- Lower Risl<: conservation dependent dent" and "near threatened" subcategories of Lower Risk. Species for which sufficient data exist for an assessment to be made, but which are not in a threatened category List?

(List 1 ) or extinct (List 4) are Lower Risk. This has three Taxa Removed from the 1 996 Red List sub-divisions. Of these. Lower Risk: conservation depen- Of the taxa that appeared in previous Red Lists, some

dent (LR:cd) includes species that are the subject of a tar- have been evaluated using the new categories and some geted conservation program, the ending of which would have not. In the former group, many have been assessed result in the taxon moving into a category of threat within as Lower Risk: least concern (LR:lc). Taxa in this sub- five years. category are not in general listed in this publication, but

Intro 12 an exception is made for taxa that were formerly listed on categorizing marine fishes (Hudson and Mace 1996) in order to higMight the change in status. These appear in applies in particular to these populations. The text of this the first part of List 7. The names of taxa previously caveat is reproduced in the following paragraph. A note listed but not evaluated at the time of going to press at the start of the fish section of List 1 stresses the pre- appear in the second pan of List 7. The second part of liminary nature of the marine fish assessments in general. List 7 also contains a small number of as yet undescribed The criteria (A-D) provide relative assessments species for which full details have not been provided (see of trends in the population status of species below) and which therefore have not been included in the across many life forms. However, it is recognized main lists. It is possible that unresolved taxonomic prob- tliat these criteria do not always lead to equally lems may have led to some duplication of entities in List robust assessments of extinction risk, which 7 and Lists 1-6. depend upon the life history of the species. The We do not list any of the species formerly listed in quantitative criterion (AJa, b, d) for the threat- the Commercially Threatened category (List 5 in the ened categories may not be appropriate for 1994 Red List). This category was a form of threat clas- assessing the risk of extinction for some species, sification, not a risk assessment, and so is not recognized particularly those with high reproductive poten- in the new system. Of the species formerly listed in this tial, fast growth and broad geographic ranges. category, none has been assessed for the 1996 Red List, Many of these species have high potential for except the single vertebrate {Macaco nemestrina. now population maintenance under high levels of VU). We do not list any of the genera and other higher mortality, and such species mightform the basis taxa formerly listed in List 3 of the 1994 Red List. Many forfisheries. of the Lake Victoria cichlid fishes have now been assessed at species level and appear in appropriate sec- Except where a species is known only by fossil material, tions of the present Red List; none of the other groups it is typically an accumulation of negative evidence, i.e. has yet been assessed at species level. The new category repeated failure to find a species, that leads to the con- system is valid only for species and subspecies, not clusion that extinction has occurred. Several species higher taxa. once thought recently extinct have been rediscovered and

doubtless others will be in future; conversely it is certain Notes on Species Categot7 Lists that many species will have become extinct unnoticed and sometimes undescribed. The extinct species list is

Each standard entry in Lists 1 , 4 and 6 has the following thus liable to change significantly over time because of format: these factors, and also because of changes in species level

• scientific name taxonomy. • common name (where available) • category abbreviation (in bold), source of category Distribution information assessment (in superscript, see key in Annex 1),

criterion or criteria (for threatened categories only) Distribution is recorded in terms of country names.

• range countries Unless geographically very remote from each other, islands and other territories are included with the parent

Lists 2, 3 and 5 each contain species in a single category; country. In the case of species that only inhabit islands the category in these cases appears in the title header for significantly distant from the mainland, the island name the list (left-hand page) rather than in the species entry is given in parentheses (e.g. Spain (Canary Is)). itself. Some of the stocks and populations included with With regard to marine species, country records are subspecies in List 6 have a distinguishing geographic or provided only for strictly coastal or inshore (or riverine) common name in an additional line under the scientific or cetaceans, and for otherwise marine species that return to common name. land to breed or nest (note that species without a country We give the criteria for the highest category to which range in the database from which the Red List is gener- the species can be assigned but not for any lower category ated are not represented in the data tables). For some that might also apply (for birds this corresponds to the cri- marine species, and most strictly marine species we show terion or criteria printed in bold in Birds to Watch 2). generalized ranges in terms of FAO Fishery Areas, indi-

A small number of marine fishes in List 1 and List 6 cated by square brackets (e.g. [Adantic (northeast, north- have the letter C in parentheses after the species name. west), Indian Ocean (eastern)]). For many freshwater This indicates that a caveat formulated at the workshop species, usually those restricted to a single water sys-

Intro 13 tern, freshwater ranges are also indicated by square mation provided. Within reasonable limits every effort brackets. Rivers and lakes are distinguished by R. and L. has been made to determine which of the new nations respectively (e.g. [R. Cetina], [L. Toba]). In a few that were part of the former Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia instances, a second river name (e.g. [R. Danube (R. and USSR support species previously attributed to the Tisla)]) indicates a section of the drainage in which the larger unit. Thus, any record for "Yugoslavia" should

species occurs. refer to the current Serbia-Montenegro, but might in In most cases where populations are known to have some cases refer to the former federation.

been introduced or reintroduced to a country, this is indi- In List 6, containing subspecies and a number of cated by [int] or [re-int] after the country name in the dis- stocks and other geographically isolated populations, the tribution text. Similarly, where populations are known or latter are indicated by (S) after the species name, and

suspected to have been extirpated from a country, this is unless otherwise clear, the population or stock is indi- indicated by (ex) or (ex?). cated on the line under the species name (e.g. Acipenser Geopolitical events during recent years may have led gueldenstaedti (S), (Caspian Sea stock)). to some inconsistency or errors in the distribution infor-

Intro 14 5

Information Sources and Quality

Conservation Information assessments. Some of the later assessments are incorpo- rated in recently published Action Plans. In the threatened species lists, the superscript number fol- While nominally all mammal species (i.e. those listed lowing the category abbreviation keys to the list of in Wilson and Reeder, 1993, but not all of those subse- sources (Annex 1 ): note that this indicates the person or quently described) have now been assessed, the assess- group responsible for the category and criteria desig- ment process has been based on relatively poor or sparse nated, not usually the source of any other data repre- information in the case of many rodents, insectivores, sented in that entry. When the assessment is attributed to and microbats. The need for better data is most pressing more than one person, names are in alphabetical order. among these groups that are generally small or very small Where an active SSC Specialist Group exists for a in body size, but very rich in species. taxon, that group has in genera! undertaken the status Future editions of the Red List will aim, higher-taxon assessment and provided the resulting category and spec- group by higher-taxon group, to produce complete ification of criteria. In some cases these assessments assessments of all reptiles, amphibians and fishes. have been the product of group discussion, but often they represent the judgement of individual Specialist Group members. Gaps in Specialist Group coverage of verte- Nomenclature brates have been filled by SSC staff (Jonathan Baillie: We have followed standard world checklists whenever most mammals, Mariano Gimenez Dixon: North possible in order to promote nomenclatural stability. In a American "lower" vertebrates) and WCMC Species Unit very few instances a Specialist Group has used alterna- staff (several groups, including Eurasian fishes). North tive systematic opinion. American assessments were based in most cases on data The following paragraphs note the main taxonomic provided by The Nature Conservancy (TNC). The sources used. We have adopted the names of phyla used assessment of Australian amphibians was based on data by Margulis and Schwartz (1988), but list them in reverse provided by the Australian Nature Conservation Agency sequence; classes are listed in alphabetical sequence (ANCA). The final assessments of these species to be within phyla (phylum names do not appear in the lists). made by ANCA may differ from those provided here. The world list of amphibians edited by Frost (1985) and The information from TNC was provided as print- revised by Duellman ( 1993) lists orders, families, genera, outs from their databases. TNC has its own Biodiversity and species in nested alphabetical sequence. There is Element Ranking System (see Master 1991) which is much to commend this practice, particularly where no based on very similar information requirements to those one system is familiar to all users, and we have treated used in assigning the new lUCN Red List categories. As reptiles and invertebrates in this way. a result, it was possible to apply the lUCN categories, using species-related data supplied by TNC. Mammals All categorizations of bird taxa have been provided by The names and sequence of orders and families, and the BirdLife International, and reflect the contents of Birds to species content of families follows Wilson and Reeder Watch 2 (Collar et al. 1994). This is the world list of (1993). Genera and species are alphabetical within fam- threatened birds, and includes lists of Data Deficient and ilies. Species nomenclature generally also follows this other species not in the threatened category group. source, except when a Specialist Group has expressed a BirdLife International originally employed an earlier ver- very strong preference for another system, or has used sion of the revised category system than that finally nomenclature different from Wilson and Reeder and we approved by lUCN Council. Subsequently, "conserva- have been unable to resolve consequent ambiguities tion dependent" has been subsumed in the Lower Risk about the population content of species and their distrib- category, and there is an additional qualifier for the A ution. Principal departures from Wilson and Reeder, (Declining Populations) criterion; these changes have relatively few in number, are found in the primates and been made in this present list. A small number of bovids. Specialist Groups covering birds have later made further assessments of species using the final version of the new Birds category system, but it was decided in the interests of Nomenclature for genera and species generally follows standardization to maintain the BirdLife International Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Solely to maintain uni-

Intro 1 formity with Birds to Watch 2, we use the names and Invertebrates sequence of orders and families, and the species content Parker (1982) has generally been followed for nomen-

of famiHes of Morony, Bock, and Farrand ( 1 975 ). clature at class, order, and family level and above. There

is a lack of widely accepted class-level checklists for Reptiles invertebrates and in the absence of such sources no

Turtles and tortoises generally follow Iverson { 1992); attempt has been made to standardize names submitted crocodilians follow King and Burke (1989); tuatara sys- for inclusion.

tematics are after Daugherty et al. (1990). Names in common use, including by Specialist Groups or in Undescribed Species national sources, have been employed for other groups of We have followed a policy developed by SSC regarding reptiles: there is as yet no standard world species check- listing of undescribed species. These can be accepted list for lizards or snakes. only under the following conditions:

Amphibians • There is general agreement that the undescribed taxon is in fact a species. Nomenclature and sequence consistently follow Frost (1985) as updated by Duellman (1993). • Clear distribution information can be provided.

Fishes • Listing the undescribed species will potentially aid in its conservation. The names and sequence of orders and families, and the species content of families follows Eschmeyer (1990). • Specimen reference numbers are provided by which Genera and species are alphabetical within families. the species can be traced without confusion. Names in common use, including by Specialist Groups ' The museum or other institution holding the collec- or in national sources, have been employed at the species tion and the individual responsible for the proposal level: there is as yet no published standard world species can be identified. checklist for fishes. We have changed some family names given in contributions from the SSC Freshwater • Whenever possible a common name can be added. Fish Specialist Group in order to conform with the tax- Undescribed species are represented in the lists onomy of Eschmeyer. by the generic name and the abbreviation "sp." Details of specimen numbers and institution are available on request from WCMC.

Intro 16 The New lUCN Categories and Criteria

After a long process of review and consultation, the new the system, it was tested by a number of the specialist lUCN categories and criteria were adopted by the lUCN groups on many different taxa through a series of Council on November 30, 1994, This system was devel- Conservation Assessment and Management Planning oped to improve the objectivity of classifying the conser- (CAMP) workshops, organized by the SSC Conservation vation status of species, subspecies, and populations on Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG). Following an exten- a global scale and to provide more useful information sive review and consultation process, including a major about the status of taxa. international workshop, Mace et al. (1992) proposed a major revision of the 1991 paper, adapting the criteria and their quantitative thresholds for each of the cate-

Why a New System? gories of threat to apply to all species. Also, the SSC initiated a process of broad consultation to solicit com- To create a meaningful list of threatened species, those ments and recommendations from SSC members, other applying the classification system must have a common lUCN Commissions. lUCN member organizations and understanding of the categories of threat. The definitions governments, and other experts. This process of consul- for the former lUCN threatened species categories were tation led to two more revisions of the system before it largely subjective. Thus, different individuals could was officially adopted by the lUCN Council in obtain widely different assessments for the same taxon, November of 1994. even using the same information. This was not a major The lUCN Red List categories and criteria are applic- problem in the 1960s and 1970s, because there was one able to all taxonomic groups, except micro-organisms. person responsible for determining the status of all the By providing a clear quantitative framework for the cat- species in the Red Data Books. Thus the system was egories of threat, the objectivity of the listing process consistently applied despite the vague threatened cate- has been increased. Enhancing the objective nature of gory definitions (Collar 1992). However, since the early the system is intended to improve the consistency in its 1980s, the SSC has expanded greatly, and the responsi- application. This facilitates the comparison of the status bility of assessing the conservation status of species of species and subspecies from very different communi- shifted to the numerous SSC Specialist Groups. As more ties and backgrounds. The new system has been applied people became involved in the assessment process and to every species and subspecies in the 1996 lUCN Red used their own interpretations of the lUCN categories, it List of Threatened Animals. For further information on became increasingly evident that a less subjective and how the new lUCN categories and criteria have been more accountable system was needed. applied to a broad range of taxa, refer to Collar et al. Devising an objective system is a very challenging 1994 and Species 24 and 25. Several groups are now task, because there is no clear line that separates threat- working on guidelines for the application of the Red List ened and non-threatened species. There is in fact a con- categories and criteria to specific groups of taxa. tinuum, and we have to choose appropriate points at which to divide one group from another. Discussions of a new approach for assessing extinction risk was a major Summary of the lUCN theme at the symposium. The Road to Extinction, held by Categories and Criteria the SSC in 1984; however, no single approach was agreed upon (Fitter and Fitter 1987). Again, in 1989, Every species and subspecies evaluated with the new the SSC Steering Committee requested the development system is classified into one of the eight categories. of a new approach that would provide the conservation Three of the eight categories are known as the categories community with useful objective information for conser- of threat; Critically Endangered, Endangered, and vation planning. Vulnerable. Five criteria, denoted by the letters A-E, as as subcriteria, denoted by numbers and lower case Mace and Lande (1991 ) presented the first outline for well a new system in a paper which recommended categoriz- letters define the categories of threat. While this may ing species by their probability of extinction over a given appear somewhat confusing at first, the following sum- period of time. They suggested that numerical thresh- mary should help to outline clearly the exact roles of the olds could be set for each category of threat, and made categories, criteria and subcriteria. For more detailed specific proposals appropriate for higher vertebrates. information please refer to the Annex at the end of this Immediately after the publication of the 1991 version of publication entitled lUCN Red List Categories.

Intro 17 - 8

The Categories • Least concern: taxa that are not in any immediate danger of extinction. There are eight well-defined categories (refer to the subcategories are intended to support the moni- Annex for full details) that enable the classification of These status, and can indicate particularly almost every species or subspecies in the world. The toring of species' significant circumstances, such as species close to threat- eight categories are illustrated in bold in Figure 1. status and those dependent on continuing conser- Extinct means that there is no reasonable doubt that ened vation actions. the last individual has died. Extinct in the Wild means remaining two categories do not reflect the con- that the species has been extirpated from its natural habi- The servation status of taxa. The Data Deficient category tat. The definition for Extinct in the Wild (see the Annex taxa for which information to make a sound at the end of this publication) gives guidance on the cir- highlights conservation assessment is lacking. The category Not cumstances in which it is possible to pronounce a wild that have yet been assessed species extinct. Critically Endangered, Endangered, Evaluated applies to taxa not Vulnerable (the categories of threat) each have quantita- with the new system. tive criteria that broadly reflect different levels of risk of extinction. The details of these criteria are discussed at The Categories in Use greater length in a separate section to follow. The Lower Risk category has three subcategories: When the categories are applied to an individual species or subspecies, they provide a snapshot in time of the • Conservation dependent: taxa that do not qualify taxon's conservation status or indicate that more infor- for the Vulnerable category only because of species- mation is needed. Comparison of assessments over time specific or habitat-specific conservation efforts, the will identify trends in the conservation status of a partic- cessation of which would result in the taxon ular taxon. qualifying for one of the threatened categories The categories provide a framework that allows for within a period of five years analysis of the conser\'ation status between widely differ- • Near threatened: taxa that are not Conservation ent higher taxonomic units such as Family Felidae, Order Dependent, but almost qualify for one of the Diptera, or Class Reptilia. Also, comparing the classifi-

Vulnerable criteria cation of taxonomic groups over time provides informa-

Extinct (EX)

Extinct in the Wild (EW)

Critically Endangered (CR)

— (Threatened) . Endangered (EN)

Vulnerable (VU) Conservation i— (Adequate data) Dependent (cd) -(Evaluated) Lower Risk (LR) -Near Threatened (nt)

-Least Concern (Ic) Data Deficient (DD)

Not Evaluated (NE)

Figure 1 . Structure of the Categories.

Intro 1 with very different life histories, it is not intended that

all the criteria be applicable to a given species. Species qualify as Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Extinct Critically Endangered Vulnerable by meeting any one of the five criteria (A-E) for that category of threat. Endangered Requiring that the criteria and subcriteria are stated Data Deficient for each listing of a taxon in one of the categories of threat provides a more objective, informative, and accountable process. The identification of quantitative

criteria when classifying a taxon in one of the categories of threat ensures that taxa are being assessed by a Not Evaluated common standard, thus improving consistency of the application of the system among different users. The information given by the categories and criteria provides a general indication of the exdnction process of a taxon and may be helpful in setting conservation priorities. The Figure 2. When all species of a higher taxonomic group are categories, criteria, and subcriteria are made public to placed into one of the eight categories, it provides a useful indication of the current status of. and level of knowledge explain why each taxon has been placed on the list, and about that group. the assessment can then be refined as further information emerges. Although the criteria for each of the categories of tion on changing patterns and levels of threat. Figure 2 threat are based on quantitative thresholds, inference and demonstrates how the current status of an entire taxo- projection are permitted so that taxa for which there is nomic group can be summarized by the lUCN categories. very little information can also be assessed. Therefore, the person conducting an assessment is expected to use the best available information, in combination with infer- for The Criteria and Subcriteria ence and projection to test a taxon against the criteria. If the Categories of Threat there is any reasonable concern that a species is threat-

ened with extinction, it should qualify for the criteria of The three categories of threat. Critically Endangered, one of the categories of threat. Endangered, and Vulnerable, are all determined by quan-

titative criteria. For each of the categories of threat there are five criteria (A-E), which are based on variables How to Decipher the Criteria risk. criteria A-D closely associated with extinction The and Subcriteria also have subcriteria that are used to justify the listing of of each a species under a given category and criteria. The five Following the scientific and the common name List is a category criteria are: threatened taxon in the 1996 lUCN Red of threat, and if applicable, criteria and subcriteria. The A. Declining Population (past or projected) three categories of threat. Critically Endangered, Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation B. Small Endangered, and Vulnerable, represent decreasing lev- C. Small Population Size and Decline els of extincdon risk. The quantitadve criteria (A-E) help D. Very Small Population or Very Restricted to identify taxa that are appropriate for one of the cate- Distribution gories of threat. Finally the subcriteria provide reasons E. Quantititative Analysis (e.g.. Population for lisdng taxa. Figure 3 illustrates how the categories, Viability Analysis) criteria, and subcriteria are used in the Red List. as Albd. This means The main purpose of the subcriteria is to provide further The Giant Sea Bass is listed CR threat is Critically Endangered, information to support the listing of a species in a partic- that the category of "a taxon that is facing a very high ular category. However, the subcriteria may also provide which is defined as, the in the immediate future." insight into threats such as direct exploitation, habitat risk of extinction in wild qualifies as under criterion A. The 1 is loss, pollution, and hybridization, or they may describe This species CR indicates that there has been a declines recorded by direct observation or changes in an part of the subcriteria and the number of mature individ- index of abundance. decline of at least 80% in years or three generations (which- Although the criteria are expected to be applicable uals over the past 10 species). The rest of the subcriteria across broad taxonomic groups to encompass species ever is longer for this

Intro 19 '

Scientific Name Category Criteria Subcriteria Distribution

T \l// ' Stereolepis gigas CR A 1 bd Mexico, USA Giant Sea Bass [Pacific (eastern central)] n

Common Name

Figure 3. An example of the use of tfie categories, criteria, and subcriteria in the 1996 lUCN Red List.

listed are b, d, which provide information about how the is the first time that the new system has been applied to decline was assessed. In this particular case the subcri- such a large number of species with very different life teria state that the Giant Sea Bass was listed under the A histories. Overall, the system was very well received and criterion because of the rapid decline was documented by it appears to have successfully flagged a wide variety of (b) an index of abundance and (d) exploitation. Using the threatened species. In the process of applying the cate- summary of the lUCN categories and criteria, it is possi- gories and criteria for the 1996 lUCN Red List, hundreds ble to decode the criteria and subcriteria for every taxon of specialists had the opportunity to assess all aspects of listed. the new system. This has led to a number of constructive

In Table 1 the categories of threat are listed along the suggestions as to how the system could be fine-tuned. top of the page, and the criteria and subcriteria are given The following discussion outlines many of these recom- in the appropriate columns. First identify the category mendations, which focus on slight definition clarifica- of threat; then locate which of the five criteria are applic- tions, and also on aspects of the A criterion that may able and identify the subcriterion. require further examination.

For example, by using Table 1, it is possible to decipher what Endangered: C2a means. First identify the Definitions Endangered category in the center at the top of the page.

Then follow the Endangered column down to the C cri- 1. Definition of IVIature Individuals terion which states that the taxa has a small population In the current system, mature individuals are defined as size and is declining. Identify the quantitative threshold individuals capable of reproduction. This definition has for the Endangered column under the C criterion which is been used to provide an indication of the number of indi- less than 2,500 mature individuals. Then locate the 2a viduals that will be able to replace themselves in the next subcriterion which states that the population is experi- generation. However, in some long-lived species, indi- encing a continual decline and is fragmented with each vidual animals are capable of reproduction, but their subpopulation averaging less than or equal to 250 mature young are not attaining maturity. Even though such indi- individuals. viduals are breeding, for conservation purposes they It should be mentioned that the terms used in the cri- should not be considered as mature individuals. This def- teria and subcriteria have very specific meanings in this inition should be reworded to emphasize that only indi- context, or require particular methods to be used for viduals capable of producing offspring that reach the age assessing them. These definitions are included in Annex of maturity should be considered as mature individuals. 2 at the end of this publication.

2. Definition of Generation Time Lessons Learned in Applying the Generation time is currently defined as the average age of mature individuals in a population. In the new lUCN cat- New lUCN Categories and Criteria egories and criteria, generation time determines the win- While the lUCN categories and criteria had been tested dow of time during which a species" probability of against many different types of species in its develop- extinction, or its rate of decline, is being examined. For ment phase, the compilation of the 1996 lUCN Red List example, the A criterion is used to list species according

Intro 20 Table 1 Summary of New lUCN Categories and Criteria

Use any of tlieA-E criteria Critically Endangered Vulnerable Endangered A. Declining Population

population decline rate at least 80% in 10 years 50% in 10 years 20% in 10 years or 3 generations or 3 generations or 3 generations

using eittier

1 . population reduction observed, estimated,

inferred, or suspected in the past or

2. population decline projected or suspected in tiie future based on:

a. direct observation

b. an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon

c. a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat

d. actual or potential levels of exploitation

e. the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization. pathogens, pollutants, competitors, or parasites

B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation

Either extent of occurrence <100km2 < 5,000 km2 < 20,000 km2

or area of occupancy <10km2 < 500 km2 < 2,000 km2

and 2 of the following 3: <10 1 . either severely fragmented: (isolated subpopulations = 1 <5

with a reduced probability of recolonization, if once

extinct) or known to exist at a number of locations

2. continuing decline in any of the following: any rate any rate any rate

a. extent of occurrence

b. area of of occupancy

c. area, extent and/or quality of habitat

d. number of locations or subpopulations

e. number of mature individuals

3. fluctuating in any of the following: > 1 order/mag. > 1 order/mag. > 1 order/mag.

a. extent of occurrence

b. area of occupancy

c. number of locations or subpopulations

d. number of mature individuals

C. Small Population Size and Decline

Number of mature individuals <250 < 2,500 < 10,000

and 1 of the following 2;

1. rapid decline rate 25% in 3 years 20% in 5 years 10% in 10 years

or 1 generation or 2 generations or 3 generations

2. continuing decline and either any rate any rate any rate < a. fragmented or all sub-pops < 50 all sub-pops < 250 all sub-pops 1 ,000

b. all individuals in a single subpopulation

D. Very Small or Restricted <250 < 1,000 Either 1 . number of mature individuals <50 of occupancy or 2. population is susceptible (not applicable) (not applicable) area <100km2 or number of locations < 5

E. Quantitative Analysis Indicating the probability of 50% into years 20% in 20 years 10% in too years

extinction in the wild to be at least or 3 generations or 5 generations

Intro 21 to specific rates of decline in the past or future for ten declining at the last minute. Currently, there is no upper years or three generations, whichever is longer. If a limit on the time period during which declines are exam- species' generation time is 12 years, then rates of decline ined. For example, if the generation time of a species is are examined over the past and future 36 years. 50 years, then the A criterion requires that the rates of The current definition of generation time does not decline be monitored over the past and future 150 years. work well for species that are experiencing heavy Just as it is impractical for conservation purposes to use exploitation or direct harvesting. This is because when very short generation times, it is in most cases also populations are heavily exploited, the larger older indi- impractical to attempt to determine what happened too viduals are usually the first to be taken, thus reducing far back in the past, or what may happen in the distant the average age of the population, and decreasing the future. A cap of about 75 years would ensure that mea- generation time. With a shorter generation time, rates sured and predicted declines were being assessed over of decline and probabilities of extinction will be exam- time-frames where circumstances can be judged with ined over a shorter time-frame, making it less likely for more certainty. the species to qualify under the appropriate category of threat. To avoid this anomaly, the definition should be 2. Identification of Depleted Taxa reworded so that generation time is defined by the aver- Under the A criterion, a species will not be listed under age age of parents in the population, prior to exploitation. one of the categories of threat unless there are recorded

declines of at least 20% over the past or future 10 years or

3. The Application and Definition 3 generations, whichever is longer. Therefore, if a pop- of Conservation Dependent ulation continues to decline at 15% over that time frame,

Conservation Dependent is now a subcategory of the it will not be listed as threatened.

Lower Risk category. The subcategory is currently used Species that have experienced a major decline such to highlight species that would qualify for the Vulnerable as 90% over the appropriate time frame will be listed as category if it were not for species-specific or habitat- Critically Endangered. However, if the species then specific conservation efforts. If this definition were declines less than 20% over 10 years or three generations broadened so that Conservation Dependent could be it will no longer be considered threatened. For precau- applied to the categories of threat, then the Red List tionary reasons the taxon would remain on the list for would provide valuable insight into the number of five years and then would be removed. species, at all levels of threat, that are receiving beneficial In these two situations it appears that the system is not conservation attention. Conservation Dependent would effectively identifying species that have undergone then be defined as an optional subcriterion used for severe depletion and would intuitively be threatened with species that would fall into a higher category of threat or extinction. However, the A criterion is one of five crite- be driven to the point of extinction, were it not for con- ria that have been developed to assess the conservation servation efforts. status of a species. The B, C, D, and E criteria all highlight species that are threatened due to their restricted

distribution or low numbers. Thus, if a taxon is not

Challenges with the A criterion identified by the A criterion, it should be picked up by one or more of the other criteria once the population or 1. IVIaximum Generation Time distribution becomes small enough. The problem is that Generation time is defined by the average age of matare some populations undergo extreme depletion, for exam- individuals in the population. The A criterion states that ple a reduction to 5% of the original population, but are a taxon's rate of decline should be examined in the past still too widely distributed or have too many mature indi- or future 10 years or three generations. Thus, genera- viduals to qualify for any of the other criteria. tion time is often used to determine the window of time Large populations that are reduced to a small percent- which during the decline of a taxon will be measured to age of their former population may persist for many gen- determine if it qualifies for one of the categories of threat. erations. However, it is possible that these populations Generally, the longer the time period, the more likely it is are much more prone to proximate causes of extinction. that a taxon will qualify for one of the categories of If this is the case, then there is no specific criterion that threat. effectively flags the high probability of extinction that Using three generations to monitor a species' popu- these species face. lation stams standardizes measurement rates of of decline Unless it can be proven that species that have had across widely different taxa. A minimum of 10 years has major past declines do not have a significantly higher been set because there is little that can be done in terms of probability of extinction, then one option to address this conservation planning if a taxon is identified as rapidly apparent shortfall in the new system would be to use the

Intro 22 A2 criterion. This criterion flags species that may expe- 5. Managed Populations and Rates of Decline rience significant decHnes in the next 10 years or three When exploiting wild populations, the management

generations, whichever is longer. However, it would be strategy is often to reduce the number of mature individ- more effective for conservation purposes to develop uals in order to increase productivity, thus increasing the criteria that specifically highlight species that have sustainable harvest levels. For some fish populations, undergone extreme depletion, but do not qualify for the managing for sustainable harvest entails a reduction of other criterion. more than 50% of mature individuals. Despite the fact that these reductions are intentional, these species are 3. Shifting Time Scale for the A criterion identified as potentially threatened with extinction under

The A criterion assesses the rates of population decline the red listing system.

over time. The criterion is divided into two: Al assesses It is very difficult to determine levels of exploitation

the rate of decline in the past 10 years or 3 generations, that are sustainable, and even if accurate harvest levels and A2 assesses the predicted rates of decline in the next are determined, history has repeatedly shown that such 10 years or three generations. This rigid division of management schemes are rarely followed. Also, there

time-frames may lead to a misrepresentation of a is still uncertainty as to whether or not a population of

species' conservation status if the decline is occurring highly reproductive fishes, managed at reduced numbers

at the time of the assessment. For example, if a species of mature individuals over long periods of time, are sig-

has decreased by 10% in the past five years and is pro- nificantly more prone to extinction. There could be long- jected to decline by another 10% in the next five years, term negative genetic implications resulting from this

it would not be listed under the current system. type of management. Species that are exploited in such a Excluding declines that are occurring while the assess- manner might persist for several generations, slowly

ment is being made does not make sense when the objec- becoming more susceptible to extinction.

tive of the criteria is to identify a 20% decline over 10 Currently, if the number of mature individuals in a years or three generations. However, the original inten- population decreases by 20% over 10 years or three gen-

tion was that there should be an opportunity to use a erations in managed populations, then the species is

shifting time window, which the current wording of the listed as threatened. Once the population is no longer criteria does not make clear. The Al and A2 subcriteria decreasing by 20% over 10 years of three generations

could possibly be merged, leaving a single A criterion. (e.g., if the management is now achieving constant pop-

The past and future time-frames of 10 years or three gen- ulation size at high productivity levels), then it is retained

erations could be maintained, but should be flexible on the list for five years and then delisted. Therefore, if

enough to measure declines over any period, providing the number of mature individuals is reduced by 20% or that the furthest point in time from the present (either more as part of a sustainable management scheme, the

past or future) is no greater than 10 years or three gener- taxon will initially be listed in a category of threat, but if

ations (whichever is longer). the management is successful the species will soon be

removed from the threatened list.

4. Rates of Decline and It is recognized that in the adoption of a completely Probability of Extinction new system that there will be growing pains and that

The A criterion is based on the assumption that a species slight revisions are inevitable. However, we are still

is more prone to extinction when numbers of mature learning, and many issues require further examination,

individuals show persistent declines. With a 20% which makes it impractical to revise the new system decrease in mature individuals the species qualifies for immediately. Only once we are certain that the majority Vulnerable, with a 50% decline. Endangered, and with of the glitches have been identified and addressed will an 80% decline. Critically Endangered. However, the lUCN categories and criteria undergo revision. species with high growth rates, high reproductive poten-

tial, and early maturity can experience a significant decrease in mature individuals, but may be less prone to extinction than species with low growth and reproductive rates. The categories of threat do not reflect probability of extinction with precision across taxa, and may be par-

ticularly imprecise when only the A criterion is used. This issue requires further investigation.

Intro 23 1

Analysis

By Jonathan Baillie by supporting appropriate conservation actions. Finally, the data presented will provide a rich source of basic information on which conservation biologists and other The Status of Globally scientists can base analyses aimed to understand and thus Threatened Species better address the current trend of biological diversity

Ideally, the lUCN Red List would contain detailed infor- depletion.

mation on the conservation status of every species in the The following general analysis is based on the infor- world and identify the region or ecosystem in which each mation presented in the / 996 lUCN Red List of Threat- Animals. It is that specialists will species lives. This information would make it easier to ened hoped use the estimate the magnitude of the loss of species diversity tables and data in this book to explore the issues further. and would greatly aid in the identification of areas endur- ing the greatest biological impoverishment. Conserva- Biases in the 1996 lUCN Red List tionists would then have better access to sound information from which to set priorities, and govern- When reading this analysis section of the 1996 lUCN

ments and decision makers would be more aware of the Red List, it is important to recognize some of the biases implications of their policies and actions on the future of that exist in the data in order to understand why some the world's biological resources. higher-taxon groups and regions appear to have more

Currently, the conservation status is only known for threatened species than others.

a small proportion of all animal species, and there is a The current information on the status of threatened

strong bias toward terrestrial vertebrates and species species is heavily biased towards terrestrial vertebrates.

found in biologically well-studied regions of the world. Figure I indicates the total number of species that have

However, what we do know indicates clearly that there is been categorized as threatened for each major vertebrate

strong cause for concern. group (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes), This edition of the Red List, which includes 5,205 as well as for a number of invertebrate groups (molluscs,

species threatened with extinction, is the most compre- insects, crustaceans, and other invertebrates). hensive list of globally threatened species ever compiled. From the number of vertebrates and invertebrates

All known species of birds and mammals have been eval- listed as threatened, it may appear that the two groups uated, with the result that 25% of mammal species and have received a similar degree of attention. However,

1 1% of bird species are classified as being threatened more than 95% of all known animals are invertebrates

with extinction. Not all reptile, amphibian, and fish (Hammond 1995). Hence, this group is proportionally species have been assessed, but of those that have been under-represented. evaluated, rough estimates of the percent that are threatened are: 20% of reptiles, 25% of amphibians, and 34% of fishes (mostly freshwater).

Relatively few invertebrates (mainly insects, spiders, crustaceans and molluscs) have been assessed making it difficult to estimate the percentage that are threatened. Z 1 However, among the invertebrate groups that have received the most attention, there are large numbers of threatened species: more than 500 insects, 400 inland water crustaceans, and 900 molluscs.

The information in this book is meant be used in a variety of ways. First, it is hoped that the publication of 1.. the extensive lists of threatened species and subspecies Birds

Fishes Reptiles Mammals Insects Molluscs will draw attention to the serious situation Amphibians Other now faced by Crustaceans Invertebrates animal species worldwide. Second, the detailed information included on which species and higher taxa are most at risk, as well as information on the general nature Figure 1 . The number of threatened vertebrate versus of the threats, and the geographical distribution of these invertebrate species that have been listed in the 1 996 species, will enable decision makers to address the issue lUCN Red List.

Intro 24 The need for a stronger focus on invertebrate conser- now been applied to all mammals, and the results indi- vation has long been recognized, but information on the cate that the level of threat to biodiversity could be even status and distribution of the majority of invertebrates worse than anticipated. For mammals, 169 species (4%) simply does not exist (Groombridge 1993). Although the are Critically Endangered. 315(7%) are Endangered, and number of invertebrates listed in the last two lUCN Red 612 (14%) are Vulnerable (Figure 2). This means that Lists has sharply increased, any attempt to ensure that 25% of the total number of mammal species are threat- they are adequately represented would require large ened with extinction. If the Lower Risk subcategories, amounts of time and resources. However, it is unlikely conservation dependent and near threatened, are taken that sufficient resources will be made available for inver- into consideration, 4 1 % of all mammals are either threat- tebrate conservation until the values of the general public ened or close to Vulnerable. and national governments change to recognize the need Given the fact that there are more than twice as many to protect all forms of life. bird species as mammal species, it is interesting that the

The attention of naturalists and conservationists has total number of threatened species in each threat category also long been focused on terrestrial rather than marine is very similar. Four mammal and three bird species are environments. Although about two-thirds of the earth's Extinct in the Wild; 169 mammal and 168 bird species surface is covered by seas, our knowledge of the basic are Critically Endangered. In total there are 1 ,099 threat- ecology, distribution, and status of most marine species is ened and Extinct in the Wild mammal species and 1,111 extremely limited. As a result, marine species are poorly threatened and Extinct in the Wild bird species. represented in this list. Even among vertebrates, infor- Perhaps mammals are an anomaly, and the status of mation on marine species is very poor compared to their birds is a more accurate indicator of the status of other terrestrial counterparts. Of the terrestrial vertebrates, life-forms. Unfortunately, current information suggests roughly 48% have been assessed, while only 1.7 % of the that mammals are better indicators of the level of threat marine vertebrates (primarily three classes of fishes) of other taxonomic groups. Since reptiles, amphibians have been evaluated. and fishes have not been comprehensively assessed, it is Some regions have been more comprehensively impossible to make definitive statements about their assessed than others. Countries such as the United overall conservation status. However, approximately States, Australia, and South Africa, which have been sub- 20% of the reptile, 25% of the amphibian, and 34% of ject to detailed review, may have proportionally more the fish species that have been assessed are threatened species listed than countries in less well studied regions. with extinction. For summary tables on the status of each

Also, specific countries or regions that are the focus of an taxonomic group refer to Data Table 2, page 50.

SSC Specialist Group, or which have produced their own It appears that biodiversity is much more threatened, at regional or national Red Lists, may also have a relatively least at the species level, than was previously realized. greater representation in the 7996 lUCN Red List of It has been widely assumed that approximately 10% of Threatened Animals. Despite these biases, the informa- the world's species are globally threatened, following tion in the Red List can be used to draw out some gen- the "bird model". But if birds, with their high levels of eral conclusions. mobility, are on the average much less threatened than other groups, the use of this model as a reference point should be reconsidered. If mammals are better indica- Which Vertebrate Groups are tors of the status of other taxonomic groups, then 25% of the Most Threatened? the world's species could be globally threatened, a sober-

ing statistic. Birds were the first vertebrate class to be comprehensively assessed. This assessment was based on an earlier version of the new system, but one almost identical to Which l\/lammal Orders are the new lUCN categories and criteria (Collar et al. 1994). the l\/lost Threatened? The results show that 168 (2%) of all bird species are Critically Endangered, 235 (2%) are Endangered, and Of the 26 orders of mammals, 24 contain threatened

704 (7%) are Vulnerable (Figure 2). In total, 11% of the species. The six largest orders all have more than 50 world's avifauna is threatened and another 9% is near- threatened species: Rodentia 330, Chiroptera (bats) 231, threatened. The fact that 1 1% of all bird species are Insectivora 152. Carnivora (cats, bears, otters etc.) 65, threatened was of great concern (Collar et al. 1994), and Primates 96, and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) 70. it was feared that other terrestrial life-forms, not yet com- Carnivora, while the fourth largest order, has fewer prehensively evaluated, might be experiencing similar threatened species in total than Primates and Artio- degrees of threat. The lUCN categories and criteria have dactyla. This is surprising, because intuitively, one

Intro 25 Critically Endangered 3% Endangered

Lower Risk cd

Lower Risk nt 6% Critically Endangered 4% Endangered

Lower Risk Ic 74%

Reptiles Lower Risk cd

Lower Risk nt 14%

Mammals

Critically Endangered 2% Endangered 2%

Lower Risk cd 0.11%

Lower Risk nl 9% Amphibians

Endangered

Birds

Lower Risk Ic 60% Lower Risk cd 1%

Lower Risk nt

Fishes

Figure 2. Which vertebrates are the most threatened? The mammal and bird pie charts represent all the known species for which there is enough information to make a sound conservation assessment. The reptile, amphibian, and fish charts represent all assessed species for which there is adequate information to assign a conservation status. The figures used for the number of assessed species are based on the number of species estimated to be assessed in the 1994 lUCN Red List. These estimates for the number of assessed species are 20% of reptiles, 12% of amphibians, and <10% of fishes (Groombridge 1993).

Intro 26 would expect a group of species so high in the trophic are more species within the Apodiformes (swifts and scale to have a very large number of threatened species. hummingbirds) than four of the five orders listed above, For the total numbers of threatened mammals in each yet fewer species (35) are listed as threatened. For the order see Data Table 1, page 44. total number of threatened birds in each order refer to

If these same six orders are examined in terms of the Data Table 1 , page 44. proportion of species that are threatened in each, the The five orders of birds that have the highest percent- sequence changes significantly (Data Deficient species age of threatened species are: Gruiformes (25.6%); Galli- have not been included): Primates 45.5%, Insectivora formes (25.2%); Psittaciformes (24.7%); Columbiformes

36%, Artiodactyla 32.7%, Chiroptera 26.2%, Camivora (16.7%); and Coraciiformes (kingfishers, bee-eaters, etc.)

25.8%, and Rodentia 16.6%. While these numbers are ( 1 1 .5%). Among the Passeriformes, only 9.5% of the very alarming, there are many smaller orders that have a species are threatened. much higher proportion of threatened species (Figure 3). Other medium-sized and small orders that should be

Figure 3 depicts the proportion of each order that is highlighted include: Procellariiformes (albatrosses and threatened. This approach highlights some of the smaller petrels), Podicipediformes (grebes), Apterygiformes orders with a high proportion of threatened species. This (kiwis), and Casuariiformes (cassowaries). Twenty-nine is important because each order represents a morpho- percent of Procellariiformes and 18% of Podiciped- logically and genetically unique group. One hundred ifomies are threatened. These percentages are not very percent of Proboscidea (two species of elephant), high in relation to some mammal orders. However, both Notoryctemorphia (two species of mole-like marsupial), orders have very high percentages of Critically Sirenia (four extant species of sea cow), and Micro- Endangered species, 10%' and 9% respectively. biotheria (one species of opossum-like species) are There are only three species of kiwis, of which all are threatened. In the first two of these orders, all the species considered Vulnerable. Of the four species of cas- are Endangered; and in the last two, all are Vulnerable. sowaries, two are Vulnerable and one is considered Other small and highly threatened orders are: Lower Risk near-threatened. Perissodactyla (horses, tapirs and rhinos); Macroscelidea (elephant shrews); Monotrema (egg-laying mammals); Which Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, Hyracoidea (hyraxes); and Dermoptera (flying lemurs). The 18 species of Perissodactyla have the highest per- and Invertebrates are the Most centage of Critically Endangered species (four species; Threatened?

22%). The situation is even worse when one considers In total, 253 species of reptiles have been assessed as that, in addition, one species is Extinct in the Wild, four threatened with extinction. Of the six orders of reptiles, are Endangered, three are Vulnerable, one is conserva- three have been completely assessed. These are tion dependent, and one is near-threatened. In the order Crocodylia (crocodiles and alligators), Rhynchocephalia of Macroscelidea, three species are Endangered, and four (tuatara), and Testudines (tortoises, turtles, and terrap- are Vulnerable. There are three species of egg-laying ins). The remaining three orders (snakes, lizards and mammals in the order Monotremata. Of these, one is amphisbaenians) make up the majority of reptiles and are known to be Endangered. Three of the six species of still awaiting comprehensive assessment. However, hyraxes and one of the two species of flying lemurs are much insight can be gained by looking at the status of the listed as Vulnerable. three groups that have been comprehensively evaluated. There are two species of tuatara, both of which are found on small islands around New Zealand. These are Which Bird Orders are the last remaining representatives of an order, and one the IVIost Threatened? of the species is listed as Vulnerable.

Of the 27 orders of birds, 23 contain threatened species. Of the 23 species of crocodilians, ten (43%) are The following five orders have more than 50 threatened threatened (Figure 5). While this high percentage is species each: Passeriformes (song birds) 542; Psittac- alarming, and some species continue to decrease in num- iformes (parrots) 89; Galliformes (pheasants, partridges, bers, the crocodilians are one of the few orders that have etc) 71; Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) 55; and experienced an overall improvement in status over the

Gruiformes (rails and cranes) 54. While these are all in past 20 years due to conservation measures (Messel etal. the top ten largest orders in terms of numbers of species, 1992). the correlation between the size of the group and the Of the known species of tortoises, turtles and terrap- number of threatened species does not match as well as it ins, (not including Data Deficient species) 96 (38%) are does with the larger mammal orders. For example, there threatened, 47 ( 19%) are near-threatened, and one is con-

Intro 27 elephant shrews Macroscelidea (15)

rabbits, hares Lagomorpha (81)

Rodentia (2,067) rodents

Artiodactyla (225) pigs, hippos

Hyracoidea hyraxes (6) |l I III I III I III

Perissodactyla (19) horses, rhinos, tapirs

elephants Proboscidea (2)

manatees, dugong i l II Sirenia (5) llllllllllllll i iii ii i I m ii iiiiii

Cetacea (81) UUL whales, dolphins

foxes, bears, cats Carnivora(271) pmmii 1 1 II IIT

Primates (233) iiiiiillllll primates

Chiroptera (938) pirn bats

flying lemurs Dermoptera 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (2) 1 IT

Scandentia (19) or tree shrews

Insectivora (371) TTTTTT shrews, moles

Xenarthra (29) armadillos, sloths

DIprotodontia (123) wallabies, kangaroos

Notoryctemorphia (2) marsupial moles

Peramelemorphia (24) sillllllllll bandicoots, bilbies

Dasyuromorphia (64) HI IIE numbats, dunnarls

Microbiotheria (1) lllllllllllll III iiiiiiirrmTn colocolo

Paucituberculata (5) lllllllllllll shrew oppossums

Didelphimorphia (63) New World marsupials IIIMIIII I IIIIIIII

Monotremata (3) echidnas, platypuses

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 1 00% % Threatened

Critically Endangered D Endangered QDVulnerabie n Lower Risk

Figure 3. The proportion of each mammal order that is threatened. Orders where no species are threatened have not been listed.

These are Pholidota (pangolins) and Tubulidentata (the aardvark). While the Order Pholidota is not listed, four of the seven species are listed as Lower Risk near threatened. Species that are Data Deficient are not included. The total number of species in each order is listed in parentheses. Examples of each order are provided on the right hand side.

Intro 28 Passeriformes (5,771) songbirds

Piciformes (408) puffbirds, barbels

Coraciiformes (219) kingfishers, todies

Trogoniformes (39) O trogons, quetzals

Apoditormes (426) swifts, hummingbirds

Caprimulgiformes (116) oilbirds, frogmouths

Strigiformes (206) owls

Cuculiformes (143) t illl turacos, cuckoos

....:. Psittaciformes (373) miE parrots, macaws

Columbiformes (339) OHHI pigeons, doves

Charadriiformes (352) mill plovers, gulls, auks

Gruiformes (228) rails, cranes, kagus

Galllformes (272) IE TTTTTT pheasants, quails

Falconiformes (311) hawks, eagles

Anseriformes (1 67) fTTTTTn swans, geese

Ciconilformes (130) storks, ibises

Pelecaniformes (67) pllllllll HT gannets, pelicans

Procellariiformes (115) albatrosses, petrels

Podicipediformes (24) grebes

Sphenisciformes (17) penguins

Tinamiformes (46) ^mHIII tinamous

Apterygiformes (3) IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIITTTTnT kiwis

Casuariiformes (4) lllllllll Trrm llllllllllll cassowaries, emus

20% 40% 60% 80% 1 00% % Threatened

I Critically Endangered [3 Endangered QI] Vulnerable Q Lower Risk

Figure 4. The proportion of each bird order that is threatened. Bird orders with no threatened species have not been listed. These are Struthioniformes (ostriches), Rheiformes (rheas), Gaviiformes (loons), and Coliiformes (mousebirds). The total number of species in each order is listed in parentheses. Examples of each order are provided on the right hand side.

Intro 29 Testudine Crocodylia (Turtles and Tortoises) (Alligators and Crocodiles)

Endangered

Lower Risk Ic 43%

Lower Risk Ic 57%

Vulnerable Lower Risk cd 13% 0.40%

Lower Risk nt 19%

Figure 5. The status of two reptilian orders ttiat tiave been completely assessed. Testudine (turtles and tortoises) and Crocodylia (alligators and crocodiles). Data Deficient species tiave not been included. The subcategories Lower Risk conservation dependent and Lower Risk near threatened are not included on the Crocodylia chart, since none of these species fall into these subcategories.

servation dependent (Figure 5). There is, therefore, cause ate evidence suggests that they are experiencing a similar for concern for 57% of these species. The majority of level of threat to most other orders. Because only a very this order is comprised of freshwater turtles, and the high small proportion of amphibians have been assessed, it is proportion of threatened species within this group corre- certainly possible that the percentage of threatened sponds with other freshwater-dependent species such as species has been significantly underestimated. inland water crustaceans, freshwater fishes, and freshwa- Fishes are the largest group of vertebrates in terms of

ter molluscs. However, the seven turtle species which numbers of species, totaling approximately 24,000

have a completely marine existence are all threatened. described species. Threatened species have been identi- While an examination of the three orders of reptiles fied in four of the six classes of fishes, including 32 of the

that have been completely assessed only provides a par- 58 orders. The assessments have focused primarily on

tial picture of the current status of all reptiles, the high freshwater species. However, over 100 marine fishes proportion of threatened species in each of these orders have been added to the 1996 lUCN Red List including (50%, 43% and 38%) indicates that the overall estimate sharks, tunas, coral reef fishes, and seahorses. The sta- of 20% of reptile species as threatened is probably low tus of the remaining 14,000 or so marine species is

for the entire class. unknown, but given the recent additions to the list, it is Species from two of the three amphibian orders have clear that they are not as secure as was once believed.

been evaluated. Eighty-eight species of Anura (frogs and Much more is known about the status of fish species toads) and 36 species of the order Caudata (salamanders occurring in freshwater environments. Orders for which

and newts) have been listed as threatened. These num- all species have been assessed include Acipenseriformes bers are certainly under-estimates as relatively few have (sturgeons and paddlefishes) and Coelacanthiformes been evaluated. No species in the order Apoda (caecil- (coelacanth). All sturgeon and paddlefish species are ians) has yet been assessed. There has been much debate threatened or near threatened: 6 are Critically Endang-

as to whether or not amphibians are experiencing a high ered, 1 1 are Endangered, 8 Vulnerable, and 2 are near

rate of global decline (Wyman 1990; Wake 1991; threatened. This is a very small order in which the major-

Pounds and Crump 1994). Given that the percentage of ity of species are heavily exploited (DeSalle and Birstein

amphibians that are estimated to be threatened (25%) is 1996). Thus, this high level of threat is unlikely to be

similar to that of mammals, reptiles, and fishes, immedi- indicative of its entire class. The coelacanth, listed as

Intro 30 Vulnerable, is the only living species in its order and species have now been added to the list. However, the class. Orders with particularly high numbers of threat- majority of the threatened bivalves are freshwater ened species are Cypriniformes (minnows, carps, species, that are threatened due to the introduction of loaches, suckers, etc.) with 191 species listed, and exotic species, construction of man-made barriers, over- Perciformes (Perch, Cichlids, etc.) with 227. These are harvesting, pollution, and habitat destruction. The fact primarily threatened due to the introduction of exotics, that such a high percentage of threatened mollusc species habitat degradation, and construction of barriers and occur on islands and in restricted freshwater environ- other obstacles to movement. Many regions still remain ments is consistent with data from other taxonomic to be assessed for the conservation status of their fresh- groups, which suggest that species occurring in these sys- water fish species, but wherever surveys are conducted tems are particularly likely to be threatened. more threatened fishes are found (Groombridge 1993). The number of threatened inland freshwater crus- Most animal species are invertebrates, and the over- taceans strongly supports the notion that species in fresh- whelming majority of threatened species is likely to be water habitats are particularly at risk. The two orders invertebrates. Very few of these invertebrate populations with the greatest number of threatened species are the have been assessed relative to their total numbers, thus Decapoda (crayfishes) and the Amphipoda (amphipods) it is difficult to infer much about their conservation sta- with 168 and 67 threatened species respectively. The tus. The groups that have received most attention are crayfishes at risk are virtually all threatened by habitat crustaceans, insects, and molluscs. Within the class loss. Most of the threatened amphipods live in extremely Insecta (insects), the orders with over 100 threatened re.stricted and vulnerable environments (caves). Only species are Hymenoptera (social insects), Lepidoptera two species of marine crustaceans are included in the Red (butterflies and moths), and Odonata (damselflies and List, the coconut crab and the California Bay pea crab. dragonflies). The fact that these orders have more known The status of other species of marine crustaceans is threatened species than the others is probably a reflection unknown. of their relative popularity. It is clear that those insect groups that have received minimal attention have many Where are the Threatened Taxa? threatened species and further examination will most likely yield similar results. Countries with the Largest Number There are more threatened molluscs (920 total) of Threatened Species included in this Red List than any other invertebrate The identification of the countries with the largest num- group, but the number that have been assessed only rep- ber of threatened species enables countries to be resents a small proportion of the estimated 70,000 docu- informed of their global responsibility to protect and mented species (Hammond 1995). The outstanding gap maintain all species for which they are the stewards. Not in our knowledge of threatened molluscan taxa is the all countries are the same size or harbor equal numbers of tropical forest environments, where many small range species, thus each country should not be evaluated by endemics are most likely declining due to habitat destruc- the same standard. tion. Two of the classes of molluscs are included in the This section includes discussion relating to mammals Red List: Gastropoda and Bivalvia. Of gastropods, a and birds and highlights the countries with the largest high percent of threatened species are island endemics numbers of threatened species. In many cases, estimates endangered by habitat destruction and/or the introduction are given for the following: the total number of species in of exotics. These species make up roughly 38% of all a region; the percentage of endemic species; and the per- threatened molluscs. In the Pacific Islands, a major prob- centage of a country's species that are threatened. These lem is the continued spread of the predatory snail estimates are based on figures in the World Conservation Euglandina rosea and the use of alien flatworms as bio- Monitoring Centre (1994). Taxonomy followed in this logical control agents. About 1 8% of the threatened mol- source might differ from that used in the Red List. luscs are spring-snails from the United States, Australia, However, it is important to include these estimates of and Europe. These snails tend to have very restricted species richness and endemism, as they give perspective ranges, and are dependent on good water quality and the to the levels of threat in each country. persistence of springs that are often subject to human utilization (Seddon in prep). Until the 1996 lUCN Red List only a few marine mol- Mammals luscs were listed as threatened (giant clams), and most With 128 threatened species, Indonesia has by far the were commercially harvested. As a result of incidental largest number of threatened species in the world, fol- harvesting, and habitat decline due to invasive alien plant lowed by China and India each with 75 threatened species, a number of narrow range endemic marine

Intro 31 Table 1 Countries with the Most Species Of Threatened (CR, EN, VU) Mammals

Number of Total Number Percent Total Number Threatened of Mammals Threatened of Endemics Mammals in Country

201 Indonesia 128 436 29% China 75 394 19% 77 44 India 75 316 24% 96 Brazil 71 394 18% Mexico 64 450 14% 140 Australia 58 252 23% 198 Papua New Guinea 57 214 27% 57 Philippines 49 153 32% 97 Madagascar 46 105 44% 77 Peru 46 344 13% 45 Kenya 43 359 12% 21 Malaysia 42 286 15% 27 Zaire 38 415 9% 28 Viet Nam 38 213 18% 7 Ethiopia 35 255 14% 31 USA 35 428 8% 101 Colombia 35 359 10% 28 Thailand 34 265 13% 7 South Africa 33 247 13% 27 Tanzania 33 322 10% 14

species. Tliese countries all have liigh numbers of mam- decreasing order; Brazil, Mexico, Australia, Papua New mal species (Table 1). Indonesia is ranked second in Guinea, Philippines, Madagascar, and Peru. For more total number of mammal species. China fifth, and India information on the number of threatened species in each about tenth. These countries also have extremely high country, refer to Data Table 3, page 51. human populations. In sum, they account for 43% of Australia, the Philippines, and Madagascar all have the world's population (Rand McNally 1992). While exceptionally high proportions of mammal species that these countries are some of the most species rich in the are endemic. They are also among the countries with world, they also have a high proportion of mammals that the highest percent of mammals that are threatened. are threatened with extinction: Indonesia 29%, China Twenty three percent of Australia's mammals are threat- 19%, and India 24%. However, not all countries with ened, and 79% of the country's species are endemic: 32% high total numbers of mammal species have such high of the Philippine mammals are threatened, and 63% of aU proportions of threatened species. Mexico, Zaire, and their mammals are endemic; 44% of Madagascar's mam- United States also rank in the top ten countries with the mals are threatened, and 73% of all the country's mam- most mammal species, but harbor a significantly lower mals ai'e endemic. proportion of threatened mammals: 14%, 9%, and 8% As shown in Figure 6, the countries with the most respectively. threatened species are not all located in one region. Of After Indonesia, China, and India, the countries with the 20 countries with the most threatened mammals, 35% the largest number of threatened mammal species are, in are from Asia, 30% from Africa, and 15% from South

Intro 32 Table 2 Countries with the Most Species of Threatened (CR, EN, VU) Birds

Number of Total Number Percent Total Number Threatened of Birds in Threatened of Endemics Birds Country

Indonesia 104 1,531 7% 397 Brazil 103 1,635 6% 177 China 90 1,244 7% 87 Philippines 86 556 15% 183 India 73 1,219 6% 55 Colombia 64 1,695 4% 62 Peru 64 1,678 4% 109 Ecuador 53 1,559 3% 37 USA 50 768 7% 71 Viet Nam 47 761 6% 10 Thailand 45 915 5% 3 Australia 45 751 6% 355 Myanmar 44 999 4% 4 New Zealand 44 287 15% 150 Argentina 41 976 4% 19 Russia 38 7 ? 13 Mexico 36 1,026 4% 89 Malaysia 34 736 5% 11 Japan 33 583 6% 21 Papua New Guinea 31 708 4% 85

America. While 30% of the 20 countries with the most However, countries such as Bolivia, Venezuela, and threatened species are in Africa, only Madagascar is Zaire, not listed on Table 2, also have high numbers of listed in the top ten. bird species (over 1,000 each), yet these three countries have less than one third of the number of threatened Birds species of the countries listed above, and roughly 2% of

Indonesia, Brazil, and China have the highest numbers of each nation's avifauna is threatened. threatened species of birds: 104, 103, and 90 respec- Other countries that harbor large numbers of threat- tively. Indonesia has the fifth highest number of bird ened bird species are, in decreasing order: the Philip- species in the world, of which 7% are threatened. It also pines, India, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, the United States, has the most endemic bird species. Brazil has the third and Viet Nam. largest number of bird species with 6% of them threat- Countries listed in Table 2 with a high proportion of ened. Although China has the eighth largest number of endemic birds are Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia, bird species, it has the third largest number of threatened and New Zealand. While the percent of threatened birds species. As is the case with the mammals, the countries in Indonesia and Australia is close to the average of all with the most threatened species also have extremely countries listed m Figure 2, 15% of the avifauna of the high human populations. Of the 20 nations with the most Philippines and of New Zealand is at risk of extinction, threatened bird species, these three countries have about a remarkably high figure for birds. the average proportion of species at risk of extinction. Figure 7 clearly demonstrates that the countries with

Intro 33 m + f) f> o CM =f 'S- CM m o a n

Intro 34 is z ° LU a CC E o § ^-' c

0) w

ro =

O Q

Q. 0) 11

S 0)

1 §>

tZ 0) i: c

^ to

Q. "> m 5)g + m o o CM * ^ C\] tn o

D D 0) E

Intro 35 ble to regional biases based on information availability.

140 For example, it is not likely that the United States has

S 120 twice as many threatened invertebrate species as any u V other country. The reality is that the status of molluscs, 5-100 •5 crustaceans, and insects is particularly well-known in this 1 60 « country. Although the sequence of countries and the # 60 •o number of threatened species is very incomplete. Figure .* * 9 clearly identifies some countries with large numbers of threatened species in these taxonomic groups. For fur- f 20 ther information on the number and status of species in odiIs'.* region, refer to Tables 3 and 4, 20 40 60 80 100 each geopolitical Data starting on page 51. Threatened Bird Spec es

Figure 8. The correlation between threatened bird and Factors Affecting Threat mammal species within 230 geopolltcal regions (r =.74). The lUCN Red List categories have been designed to identify species that are threatened with extinction by

flagging those taxa that are: experiencing significant pop- the highest number of threatened bird species are located ulation declines, restricted in distribution, have very low in the New World and Asia. Of the 20 countries with population numbers, or exhibit any combination of these the largest number of threatened avian species 50% are factors. Also, some species have been listed on the basis from Asia, 25% South America, and 15% from Oceania. of very small distributions (making them susceptible to

It is of particular note that there is not one African coun- stochastic events). The majority of species qualify as try listed in Table 2. Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable as a result of human-induced threats, though there are often

many reasons why a species is listed as threatened. The Relationship Between Areas of Habitat reduction, fragmentation, and degradation are Threat for Birds and l\/lammals unquestionably the most significant threats to the major- Many countries with large numbers of threatened birds ity of species at risk of extinction (Hanski et al. 1 995). also have large numbers of threatened inammals. This is supported by the high percentage of species, in all Indonesia, China, Brazil, and India appear in the top five major taxonomic groups, listed with the criteria/subcrite- for both classes. ria combinations that specifically cite habitat loss or Figure 8 shows a strong relationship between the degredation as a threat: Ale; A2c; Bl-t-2c; B2c-t-B3 and number of threatened birds and threatened mammals any of the B3 subcriteria (a, b. c, d). It is likely that many found in 230 different geopolitical units of the world. species listed under Criteria C, D, and E are also threat- While there could be many factors influencing this cor- ened due to habitat loss and degradation, but it is not relation, such as country size and number of species in required that specific threats are identified for these cri- each geopolitical unit, this correlation indicates that, gen- teria. The following figures are based on the proportion erally, where there are areas of larger numbers of threat- of threatened species in each major taxonomic group ened birds there will also be larger numbers of threatened where habitat loss or degradation is specifically identi- mammals. This relationship suggests that the two groups fied as one of the main reasons for the species threat- may be susceptible to similar types of threat. If such a ened status: Mammals 75%, Birds 44%, Reptiles 68%, relationship could be established across all taxa, while Amphibians 58%, Fishes 55%, Crustaceans 52%, Insects remaining constant at different geographic scales, spe- 47%, Bivalves 95%, and Gastropods 50%. While this is cific indicator groups could credibly be used to set pri- undoubtedly an underestimate of the proportion of orities for conservation. The geographic threat patterns species that are threatened due to habitat reduction, frag- of other vertebrate groups is much less clear, as these mentation, and degradation, it clearly highlights the groups have not been thoroughly assessed. importance of maintaining intact ecological systems for the preservation of biodiversity.

Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, The recent human population explosion in conjunc- and Invertebrates tion with economic development, has led to large-scale The taxonomic groups covered by Figure 9, have not transformation of natural systems into human-dominated been comprehensively assessed, and thus are suscepti- landscapes. The growing human population increases

Intro 36 pressure on the world's remaining intact habitats, includ- a general indication of the major taxonomic groups that ing the most biodiversity rich regions of the world, such are experiencing the greatest levels of exploitation. as in tropical forest countries. Habitat reduction, frag- However, it does not necessarily represent the percent mentation, and degradation cause many species to of species threatened due to exploitation, because species decline in numbers and split once contiguous populations may be listed under other criteria (B, C, D, and E) that into several subpopulations, each of which has an ele- do not specify whether exploitation is a specific threat. vated extinction risk (WCMC 1992; Hanski et al. 1995). As a proportion of the number of threatened species, 13% The introduction of non-native species often leads to of mammals, 7% of birds. 31% of reptiles, and 68% of hybridization, competition, predation, disease, parasites, marine fishes were assessed with the Aid or A2d crite- and the alteration of ecological relationships between rion and subcriteria. species, thus threatening entire ecological communities. The declines, due to exploitation, are the result of har-

Although the introduction of exotics is a growing threat vesting for reasons of commercial value, human subsis- in all ecosystems, it is particularly severe in aquatic sys- tence, and sport. Other important human-induced threats tems and on oceanic islands, where many species have include pollution and climate change (this latter factor is evolved in relatively small, isolated environments. This believed to be particularly significant for high-altitude is reflected in the high number of island birds and mol- amphibian species). luscs, and freshwater fishes and molluscs, that have become extinct during the past 400 years, in part, as a result of the introduction of exotics (WCMC 1992). Changes from the lUCN Red List Exploitation of species is responsible for the severe Over the Last Six Years decline of many of the larger vertebrate and marine fish species in the Red List. The Aid and A2d criterion and A summary of the number of threatened species recog- subcriteria identify species that have experienced or will nized in 1990, 1994, and the current 1996 edition of the undergo rapid declines as a result of actual or potential lUCN Red List, in each major group of animals, is shown levels of exploitation. The proportion of threatened in Table 3. Changes in these data reflect changes in the species listed under this criterion and subcriteria provide taxonomic extent of assessments, in the systematics and

Table 3 Total Number of Threatened Species

1990 1994 1996

Mammals 535 741 1,096 Birds 1,026 970 1,107 Reptiles 169 316 253 .Amphibians 57 169 124 Fishes 713 979 734 Invertebrates 1,977 2,754 1,891

Total 4,477 5,929 5,205

Note: The figures for 1990, 1994, and 1996 (this book) are not exactly comparable. The 1990 figures exclude Ex species but include Ex? and include 182 Commercially

Threatened (CT) invertebrates. 1 994 figures exclude all these but include K (Insufficiently Known) species. The 1996 figures include only species in the new CR, EN, and VU categories.

Intro 37 Countries with the IVIost Threatened Species of Reptiles 40

^° .2 'u (D 5" 25 D V B 20 to 0)

»- 15 o

I 10

Countries with the IVIost Threatened Species of Amphibians

llllllllll.

Figure 9. The fifteen countries witti the largest number of known threatened reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates. In the amphibian and fish graphs, there are several countries with the same number of threatened species. The countries tied for fifteenth place are lumped together for graphical purposes.

Intro 38 Countries with the IVIost Threatened Species of Fishes

g 80

40 lllllll W3 CO to to

Countries with the IVIost Threatened Species of Invertebrates 600

200

Intro 39 nomenclature of the species listed, in the categories that were included in the summary in the past (see footnote to Table 4 table), and most notably, the major redesign of the cate- Recorded Number of Extinctions* gory system used for the 1996 assessments. The summary data derived from recent Red Lists do not yet provide a firm guide to changes in the "on the ground" Extinct Extinct in Tola conservation status of the world fauna, but 1996 will set the Wild a baseline for mammals and birds: leaving changes in nomenclature aside, future assessments using the revised Mammals 86 3 89 system will much more accurately indicate changes in Birds 104 4 108 the actual conservation status of these species. Reptiles 20 1 21 The 1994 figures included species in the old Amphibians 5 5

Insufficiently Known (K) category; if assessed, most Fishes 81 11 92 Molluscs such species would now appear as Data Deficient (DD), 230 9 239 Crustaceans some possibly as Lower Risk (near threatened). The old 9 1 10 Insects 72 1 73 Indeterminate (I) category was also included in the sum- Other invertebrates 4 4 mary; most of these would also now appear as DD or

LR;nt. Around 2,000 K and I species were listed in 1994. Total 611 30 There were 2, 114 vertebrates listed as Endangered (E), Vulnerable (V), or Rare (R) in 1994; these categories correspond loosely with the threatened group of cate- *Does not include species that went extinct gories (CR, EN, and VU) in the new system (a number of more than 400 years ago. former Rare species will not now meet criteria for threatened status); so the 1994 figure may be compared fairly directly with a total of 3,314 threatened vertebrate species in 1996, an increase of 1,200 species. As noted above, all the world's known mammal species have been assessed for 1996, and this group, with 631 more species average life-span of a species. This is thought to be 5- in the threatened categories (as equated above) in 1996 as 10 million years. If there are 5-10 million extant species, compared with 1994, account for a significant part of the background extinction rate should be about one the increase. The number of birds considered threatened species per year (May er a/. 1995). While the exact num- (as above) has increased by around 680, a difference due ber of species that are being lost per day or year is uncer- to use of the new category system and a number of tain, it is clear that current extinction rates are very much nomenclatural changes. Changes in the reptiles, amphib- higher than would be expected. Even the number of doc- ians, and fishes are far smaller: increases of 39, 5, and umented extinctions over the last 400 years (611) 104, respectively. All these differences are of course exceeds background estimates. This is alarming, because net differences between totals in 1994 and 1996, and do the number of documented extinctions is without doubt not reveal the pattern of change between categories, a gross underestimate of the number of species that have including movement in and out of the threatened group been lost over the past 400 years. of categories. This gross underestimate is because most species have not been described, and of the species that have been catalogued, only extinctions of the best-known species Extinction have been documented over any length of time (mammals, birds, and molluscs). Also, as stated earlier, the How Many Species have Recently Become status of the great majority of species remains unknown. Extinct and Whiere are they Found? Table 4 shows that 86 documented mammal extinc- Extinction is a natural process. It is estimated that 95% tions (1.8% of the total number of mammals) have of all species that ever existed are now extinct (Sepkoski occurred over the past 400 years. Roughly, 23% of these 1995). However, this process of extinction has occurred extinctions have occurred in Australia and 23% in the over a very long time-scale (3.5 billion years) and despite West Indies. The greatest number of extinctions has extinctions, there has been a general trend of increasing been among the rodents and bats, 46 and 13 species species richness (WCMC 1992; May et al. 1995). respectively. These orders are also the two largest and From the fossil record it is possible to determine the have the largest number of threatened species. It is inter-

Intro 40 esting to note that of all the mammal orders, primates Concluding Remarks have the fourth largest number of threatened species, but The vast number of threatened species listed in this doc- no documented extinction yet. ument and the high proportion of threatened species in Over the same time period there have been 104 docu- the two classes that have been comprehensively assessed, mented bird extinctions (1% of the total number of indicate that a significant proportion of the world's fauna birds), 20% of which occurred in Mauritius, 18% in the is threatened with extinction. Eleven percent of all birds United States (mostly Hawaiian islands), and 14% in and 25% of all mammals are believed to be threatened. If New Zealand. Other geopolitical units with large num- either one of these classes is representative of the pro- bers of bird extinctions are Reunion, Australia, and portion of other life forms that are threatened, the future French Polynesia. This list clearly demonstrates that the status of biodiversity looks very bleak. While the 5,205 majority of bird extinctions has taken place on islands. species listed as threatened in this document is alarm- The largest number of extinctions (32) is in the largest ingly high, it is important to recognize that less than 10% order, Passeriformes. Other orders with large numbers of of the 1 .7 million documented species have been evalu- extinct species are Psittaciformes (13), Gruiformes (13), ated, and that the 1 .7 million documented species repre- and Columbiformes (10), all of which are in the top five sent a relatively small proportion of all species believed orders with the largest number of threatened species. It is to exist on this planet. Thus, it is reasonable to believe interesting to note that while Galliformes have the third that the 5,205 threatened species is a small indicator of a highest number of threatened species, only one is Extinct much larger global phenomenon of biodiversity loss. and one Extinct in the Wild. Given the current state of knowledge, when future gen- Mollusc extinctions have been more thoroughly mon- erations look back at the 20th century and try to make itored than any other invertebrate group. However, sense of the lack of commitment to preserving biodiver- records of documented extinctions only go back to the sity, many reasons may be cited, but ignorance of the mid-19th century (WCMC 1992). Gastropods account magnitude of the issue will not be a valid justification for the majority of recent documented mollusc extinc- for inaction. tions, most of which are in the order Stylommatophora. An extremely high proportion of the now extinct Stylommatophora were endemic to oceanic islands. All Acknowledgements recent recorded bivalve extinctions have occurred in I would like to thank Simon Stuart, Georgina Mace, freshwater environments and have been from the order Mariano Gimenez Dixon, Brian Groombridge, Elodie Unionoida. Given that there has been little attempt to Hudson, and Elizabeth McCance for their helpful com- document the extinctions of most invertebrate groups ments in the preparation of this analysis. for any period of time, one can only guess how large the extinction list would be if these species, which account

for more than 95% of all animals, were thoroughly documented and monitored.

Intro 41 References

Collar. N.J., Crosby, M.J.. and Stattersfield. A.J. 1994. King, F.W. and Burke, R.L. 1989. Crocodilian. Birds to Watch 2: The World List of Threatened Birds. Tuatara, arid Turtle Species of the World: A Taxon- (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 4). BirdLife omic and Geographical Reference. The Association International, Cambridge, UK. of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas.

Collar, N.J., Gonzaga, L.P., Krabbe, N., Madrono Nieto, Mace, G.M. and Lande, R. 1991 . Assessing extinction A., Naranjo, L.G., Parker, T.A., and Wedge, D.C. threats: toward a reevaluation of lUCN threatened 1992. Threatened Birds of the Americas: the species categories. Conservation Biology 5: 148-157.

ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. International Council Mace, G. M., Collar, N., Cooke, J., Gaston, K.. Ginsberg,

for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, UK. J., Leader- Williams, N., Maunder, M., and Milner

Daugherty, C.H., Cree, A., Hay, J.M., and Thompson, Gulland, E.J. 1992. The development of the new cri- M.B. 1990. Neglected taxonomy and continuing teria for listing species on the lUCN Red List. Species extinctions of tuatara (Sphenodon). Nature 347: 177- 19: 16-22. 179. Margulis, L. and Schwartz, K.V. 1988. Five Kingdoms: DeSalle, R, and Birstein, V.J. 1996. PCR identification an Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth. of black caviar. Nature 3^\: 197-198. 2nd edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, Duellman, W.E. \993. Amphibian Species of the World: New York.

additions and corrections. Special Publication No. 21, Master, L.L. 1 99 1 . Assessing threats and setting priori-

University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, ties for conservation. Conservation Biology 5: 559- Lawrence, Kansas. 563. Eschmeyer, W.N. 1990. Catalog ofthe Genera ofRecent May, R.M., Lawton, J.H., and Stork, N.E. 1995. Fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Assessing extinction rates. Pages 1-24 in Lawton, Francisco, California. J.H. and May, R.M. (eds). E.xtinction Rates. Oxford Fitter, R., and Fitter, M. (eds). 1987. The Road to University Press, Oxford, UK. Extinction. lUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Messel, H., King, F.W., and Ross, J.P. 1992. Croco- Frost, D.R. 1985. Amphibian Species of the World: A diles: An Action Plan For Conseiyation. lUCN/SSC, TcLxonomic and Geographical Reference. Allen Press Gland, Switzerland.

Inc. and the Association of Systematics Collections, Morony, J.J., Bock, W.J., and Farrand, J. 1975. Lawrence, Kansas. Reference List of the Birds of the World. Department Groombridge, B. (ed). 1993. 1994 lUCN Red List of of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural Threatened Animals. lUCN Gland, Switzerland and History. New York, New York. Cambridge, UK. Parker, S.B. 1982. Synopsis and Classification ofLiving Hammond, P.M. 1995. The current magnitude of bio- Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.

diversity. In: Heywood, V. H., (ed) Global Bio- Ponds. J. A. and Crump, M.L. 1994. Amphibian diversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Declines and Climate Disturbance: the Case of the Cambridge. Golden Toad and the Harlequin Frog. Conservation

Hanski, I., Clobert, J. and W. Reid. 1995. Ecology Biology 8: 72-85. of Extinction. In: Heywood, V, H., (ed) Global Rand McNally and Co. 1992. The New Cosmopolitan

Biodiversity Assessment. Pp. I'il-IAA. Cambridge World Atlas. Rand McNally, Chicago, Illinois. University Press, Cambridge, UK. Scott, P., Burton, J.A. and Fitter, R. 1987. Red Data

Hudson, E. and Mace, G. (eds). 1996. Marine Fish and Books: the historical background. Pages 1-5 in Fitter, the lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Report of R. and Fitter, M. (eds). The Road to Extinction. a workshop held in collaboration with WWF and lUCN, Gland, Switzeriand. lUCN at the Zoological Society of London. April Seddon, M. in prep. National Museum of Wales, 29th-May 1st, 1996. Cardiff, U.K.

Iverson, J.B. 1992. A Checklist with Distribution Maps Sepkoski.J. J. 1995. Large scale history of Biodiversity. of the Turtles of the World. Second edition. In: Heywood, V. H., (Ed) Global Biodiversity Published by the author, Richmond, Indiana. Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Intro 42 Sibley, C.G. and Monroe, B.L. 1990. Distribution and World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Groombridge, Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University B. (ed). 1994. Biodiversity Data Sourcebook. World Press, New Haven, Connecticut. Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK. Sibley, C.G. and Monroe, B.L. 1993. A Supplement to World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1992. Global Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's Living Resources. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. Chapman & Hall, London. Wake, D.B. 1991. Declining Amphibian Populations. Wyman, R.L. 1990. What's Happening to the Amphib-

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Intro 43 Data Tables

Data Table 1 Status Category Summary for all Classes and Orders

Class Mammalia

Order EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD

Monotremata 1 1 Didelphimorphia 3 3 15 21 18 5

Paucituberculata 1 1

Microbiotheria 1 1

Dasyuromorphia 1 1 6 10 16 5 10

Peramelemorphia 3 3 1 3 4 7 Notoryctemorphia 2 2 Diprotodontia 6 6 2 15 17 34 i 21 11 Xenarthra 3 5 8 2 6 Insectivora 6 6 37 48 67 152 5 6 Scandentia 2 4 6

Dermoptera 1 1 Chiroptera 13 13 26 32 173 231 2 210 43 Primates 13 29 54 96 3 37 22

Carnivora 3 1 4 4 24 37 65 4 11 19

Cetacea 2 6 6 14 14 1 38

Sirenia 1 1 4 4 Proboscidea 2 2

Perissodactyla 1 1 2 4 4 3 11 1 1 Hyracoidea 3 3

Artiodactyla 5 1 6 9 28 33 70 45 32 6 Pholidota 4 Rodentia 46 46 66 98 166 330 5 243 33 Lagomorpha 1 1 3 8 5 16 8 3 Macroscelidea 3 4 7

Subtotal 86 3 89 169 315 612 1096 75 598 209

Class Aves

Order Struthioniformes 4 4 Rheiformes 2 Casuariiformes 2 2 2 2 1 Apterygiformes 3 3 Tinamiformes 2 5 7 5 1 Sphenisciformes 5 5 2 Podicipediformes 2 2 2 1 1 4 1 Procellariiformes 1 1 11 6 15 32 11 4

Pelecaniformes 1 1 1 12 13 7 1 Ciconiiformes 6 6 6 7 8 21 14 Anseriformes 6 6 4 2 19 25 10

Intro 44 Order EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LRxd LR:nt DD

Falconiformes 2 2 4 8 19 31 44 2

Galliformes 1 1 2 12 10 49 71 35 1

Gruiformes 13 1 14 7 17 30 54 1 13 4

Gharadriiformes 4 4 4 8 22 34 1 25

Columbiformes 10 1 11 13 8 34 55 1 45

Psittaciformes 13 1 14 9 28 52 89 40

Guculiformes 1 1 1 3 6 10 9 2 Strigiformes 4 4 4 5 17 26 15 3

Caprimulgiformes 3 1 3 7 10 6

Apodiformes 1 1 8 7 20 35 25 4

Trogoniformes 1 1 2 3 Coraciiformes 3 5 17 25 22 2

Piciformes 1 1 2 4 8 14 34 Passeriformes 32 32 72 114 356 542 8 502 38

Subtotal 104 4 108 168 235 704 1107 11 875 66

Class Reptilla

Order Crocodylia 4 3 3 10 3

Rhyncfiocephialia 1 1

Sauria 1 1 12 15 15 66 96 23 35 Serpentes 3 3 12 13 25 50 9 13

Testudines 6 6 10 28 58 96 1 47 23

Subtotal 20 21 41 59 153 253 79 74

Class Amphibia

Order Anura 15 23 50 17 35 Caudata 3 25 36 7

Subtotal 31 75 124 25 42

Class Cephalaspidomorphi

Order

Petromyzontiformes 1 1 1 2 3 5 3

Subtotal 1 1 1 2 3 5 3

Class Elasmobranchii

Order

Hexancfiiformes 1 1 Orectolobiformes 1 Lamniformes 1 3 4

Carcfiariniformes 1 1 2 4 Squaliformes 1 1

Intro 45 Data Table 1 Continued

Order EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD

Pristiformes 4 4 Rajiformes 1 Myiiobatiformes 10 1 Subtotal .000 1 7 7 15

Class Actlnopterygll

Order Acipenseriformes 6 11 8 25 2

Osteoglossiformes 1 1 2 1 Clupeiformes 2 2 4 8 -7 Cypriniformes 17 1 18 41 36 114 191 30 68

Characiformes 1 1 6

Siluriformes 1 1 8 7 22 37 4 24 Salmoniformes 5 5 8 6 22 36 6 22

Percopsiformes 1 3 4

Gadiformes 1 2 3

Ophidiiformes 7 7 1 Batrachoidiformes 5 5

Lophiiformes 1 1

Atheriniformes 1 1 6 5 31 42 8 28 Cyprinodontiformes 10 5 15 18 20 25 63 3 11

Beloniformes 2 3 8 13 1 2

Gasterosteiformes 1 2 3 4

Syngnathiformes 1 36 37 11

Synbranchiformes 1 1 4

Scorpaeniformes 1 1 3 1 5 9 2 Perciformes 45 5 50 59 30 138 227 5 40 53

Pleuronectiformes 1 1 2 Tetraodontiformes 3 3 5

Subtotal 80 11 91 156 125 434 715 12 96 250

Class Sarcopterygll

Order

Coelacanthiformes 1 1

Subtotal 1 1

Class Echlnoldea

Order

Echinoida 1

Subtotal 1

Intro 46 Class Arachnida

Order iX EW Subtotal CR EN VU isubtc Araneae 1 7 8 1 6

Opiliones 1 1 Pseudoscorpionida 1 1 1

Subtotal 1 9 10

Class Chllopoda

Order Scolopendromorpha 000 001 1 000 Subtotal 000 001 1 000

Class Crustacea

Order Amphipoda 4 4 6 5 56 67 Anaspidacea 4 4 Anomopoda 8 8

Anostraca 5 10 10 25 1 1 1

Calanoida 1 1 4 47 51 19 Conchostraca 4 4

Cyclopoida 1 1 1 6 7 5

Decapoda 1 1 24 48 96 168 7

Halocyprida 1 1

Harpacticoida 18 18 3 1

Isopoda 1 1 7 9 22 38 1

Mictacea 1 1 Misophrioida 2 2

Myodocopida 1 1 Mysidacea 2 2

Notostraca 1 1

Podocopida 2 2 1 8 9 Thoracica 2

Subtotal 9 1 10 54 73 280 407 9 1 31

Class Insecta

Order

Anoplura 1 1 Blattaria Coieoptera 17 17 10 15 26 51 3 Collembola

Dermaptera 1 1

Diptera 3 3 1 2 1 4

Ephemeroptera 2 2 1 1

Grylloblattaria 1 1

Intro 47 Data Table 1 Continued

Order EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD

Hemiptera Homoptera 2 2 3 Hymenoptera 3 142 145 7 1 Lepidoptera 38 38 7 36 116 159 46 25 Mantodea 1 Mecoptera Neuroptera Odonata 2 2 13 55 39 107 17 11

Orthoptera 2 1 3 8 8 49 65 3 2

Phasmatoptera 1 1

Plecoptera 1 1 2 2 1 Thysanura Trichoptera 4 4 Zoraptera

Subtotal 72 1 73 44 116 377 537 3 77 40

Class Merostomata

Order

Xiphosura 1 3

Subtotal 1 3

Classs Onychophora

Order

Onychophora 3 3 1 3 2 6 1

Subtotal 3 3 1 3 2 6 1

Class Hirudinea

Order Arhynchobdellae

Subtotal

Class Oligochaeta

Order

Haplotaxida 1 4 5

Subtotal 1 4 5

Intro 48 Class Polychaeta

Order EX EW Subtotal CR EN vu Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD

Not-specified 1 1

Eunicida 1

Subtotal

Class Bivalvia

Order

Ostreoida 1

Unionoida 12 12 81 22 7 110 1 61 4

Veneroida 4 4 4 1

Subtotal 12 12 81 22 11 114 5 62

Class Gastropoda

Order

Archaeogastropoda 2 2 7 1 2 10 1 24

Basommatoptiora 1 1 12 5 18 35 11 6 Mesogastropoda 21 21 48 89 181 318 3 23 192 Neogastropoda 4 4 3 22 Stylommatophora 192 9 201 109 95 235 439 13 134 297

Subtotal 216 9 225 176 190 440 806 16 172 541

Class Enopla

Order

Hoplonemertea 2 2 1 3

Subtotal 2 2 1 3

Class Turbellaria

Order

Tricladida 1 1

Subtotal 1 1

Class Anthozoa

Order

Actiniaria 1 1 1

Gorgonacea 1 1

Subtotal 2 2 1

Intro 49 Data Table 2 Status Category Summary by Major Taxonomic Group

Class EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD

Mammalia 86 3 89 169 315 612 1096 75 598 209 Aves 104 4 108 168 235 704 1107 11 875 66

Reptilia 20 1 21 41 59 153 253 1 79 74 Amphibia 5 5 18 31 75 124 2 25 42

Cepliaiaspidomorphi 1 1 1 2 3 5 3

Elasmobrancliii 1 7 7 15 2 Actinopterygii 80 11 91 156 125 434 715 12 96 250

Sarcopterygii 1 1

Echinoidea 1

Arachnida 1 9 10 1 7

Clnilopoda 1 1

Crustacea 9 1 10 54 73 280 407 9 1 31

Insecta 72 1 73 44 116 377 537 3 77 40

Merostomata 1 3

Onyclnopliora 3 3 1 3 2 6 1 1

Hirudinea 1

Oligochaeta 1 4 5 1

Polyclnaeta 1 1 1 Bivalvia 12 12 81 22 11 114 5 62 5 Gastropoda 216 9 225 176 190 440 806 16 172 541

Enopla 2 2 1 3

Turbellaria 1 1

Anthozoa 2 2 1

Intro 50 Data Table 3 Threatened Species: Country Totals by Taxonomic Group

Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Inverteb Africa - Country

Algeria 15 8 1 1 11 Angola 17 13 5 6

Benin g 1 2 Botswana 5 7

Burkina Faso 6 1 1 Burundi 5 6 3

Cameroon 32 14 3 1 26 4

Cape Verde 1 3 3 1

Central African Republic 11 2 1

Chad 14 3 1 1

Comoros 3 6 2 1 4

Congo 10 3 2 1

Cote d'lvoire 16 12 4 1 1 Djibouti 3 3 2

Egypt 15 11 6 1

Equatorial Guinea 12 4 2 1 2 Eritrea 6 3 3

Ethiopia 35 20 1 4

Gabon 12 4 3 1

Gambia 4 1 1 Ghana 13 10 4

Guinea 11 12 3 1 3

Guinea-Bissau 4 1 3 1 Kenya 43 24 5 20 15

Lesotho 2 5 1 1

Liberia 11 13 3 1 2 Libya 11 2 3 Madagascar 46 28 17 2 13 14 Malawi 7 9 8

Mali 13 6 1 Mauritania 14 3 3 Mauritius 4 10 6 32

Mayotte 2 2 1

Morocco 18 11 2 1 7 Mozambique 13 14 5 2 7

Namibia 11 8 3 1 3 1

Niger 11 2 1 1 Nigeria 26 9 4 1 Reunion 2 3 4 17 Rwanda 9 6 2 Sao Tome & Principe 3 9 2 2 Senegal 13 6 7 Seychelles 2 9 4 4 3 Sierra Leone 9 12 3 4 Somalia 18 8 2 3 1 South Africa 33 16 19 9 27 101

Intro 51 Data Table 3 Continued

Mammals Bird Reptiles Amphibians ishes Invertebrates

St Helena 9 7 2 Sudan 21 9 1 Swaziland 5 6 Tanzania 33 30 19 46

Togo 8 1 Tunisia 11 6 5 Uganda 18 10 28 10

Western Sahara 7 1 Zaire 38 26 1 45 Zambia 11 10 6 Zimbabwe 9 9 2

Antarctica

Country Falkland Islands French Southern Territories South Georgia

Asia

Country

Afghanistan 11 13 1 1 1 Armenia 4 5 3 6 Azerbaijan 11 8 3 5 6

Bahrain 1 1 Bangladesh 18 30 13

Bhutan 20 14 1 1 British Indian Ocean Territory 2 Brunei 9 14 4 2 Cambodia 23 18 9 5

China 75 90 15 1 28 4

Cyprus 3 4 3 1 Georgia 10 5 7 3 9

Hong Kong 14 1 1 India 75 73 16 3 4 22 Indonesia 128 104 19 60 29 Iran 20 14 8 2 7 3 1' Iraq 12 2 2 2 Israel 13 8 5 10 Japan 29 33 8 10 7 45

Jordan 7 4 1 3

Kazakhstan 15 15 1 1 5 4

Korea, North 7 19 1

Intro 52 Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Invertebrates

Korea, South 6 19 1

Kuwait 1 3 2

Kyrgyzstan 6 5 1 3 Laos 30 27 7 4 Lebanon 5 5 2 1 Malaysia 42 34 14 14 3

Maldives 1 2 Mongolia 12 14 3

Myanmar 31 44 20 1 2 Nepal 28 27 5 1 Oman 9 5 4 3 1

Pakistan 13 25 6 1 Philippines 49 86 7 2 28 18

Qatar 1 2 Russia 31 38 5 13 26 Saudi Arabia g 11 2 1

Singapore 6 9 1 1 1

Sri Lanka 14 11 8 8 2 Syria 4 7 3 3 Taiwan 10 13 3 6 1

Tajikistan 5 9 1 1 2 Thailand 34 45 16 14 1 Turkey 15 14 12 2 18 9 Turkmenistan 11 12 2 5 3 Ukraine 15 10 2 12 13 United Arab Emirates 3 4 2 1 Uzbekistan 7 11 3 1

Viet Nam 38 47 12 1 3 Yemen 5 13 2 2

Europe

Country Albania 2 7 1 7 3 Andorra 2 Austria 7 5 1 7 41 Belarus 4 4 6 Belgium 6 3 1 13 Bosnia and Herzegovina 10 2 1 6 6

Bulgaria 13 12 1 8 7 Croatia 10 4 1 20 8 Czech Republic 7 6 6 17 Denmark 3 2 10 Estonia 4 2 1 3 Faeroe Islands 1 Finland 4 4 1 8 France 13 7 3 2 3 61 Germany 8 5 7 29 2 Gibraltar 1 1 Greece 13 10 6 1 16 9

Intro 53 Data Table 3 Continued

Invertebrates Mammals Bird! itiles; Amphibians Fishes

Hungary 8 10 1 11 26

Iceland 1

Ireland 2 1 1 2

Italy 10 7 4 4 9 41 Latvia 4 6 1 6

Liechtenstein 1 4 Lithuania 5 4 1 5 Luxembourg 3 1 4 Macedonia 10 3 1 4 2 Malta 2 3

Moldova 2 7 1 9 5 Monaco Netherlands 6 3 1 9 Nonway 4 3 1 8 Poland 10 6 2 13 Portugal 13 7 1 9 67 Romania 16 11 2 11 21 Slovakia 8 4 7 20 Slovenia 10 3 1 5 38 Spain 19 10 6 3 10 57 Sweden 5 4 1 13 Switzerland 6 4 4 25

United Kingdom 4 2 1 10

Yugoslavia 12 8 1 13 19

North and Central America

Country Anguilla 5

Antigua and Barbuda 1 5

Aruba 1 1 2 1

Bahamas 4 4 7 1 1

Barbados 1 2

Belize 5 1 5 4 1

Bermuda 2 1 25

Canada 7 5 3 1 13 11

Cayman Islands 1 2 1

Costa Rica 14 13 7 1 9 Cuba 9 13 7 4 3

Dominica 1 2 4

Dominican Republic 4 11 10 1 2

El Salvador 2 6 1 Greenland 2

Grenada 1 4

Guadeloupe 5 6 1 Guatemala 8 4 9 8

Intro 54 Mammals Birds Reptiles Ampliibians Fishes Inverteb

Haiti 4 11 6 1 2 Honduras 7 4 7 2 Jamaica 4 7 8 4 5

Martinique 2 5 1 Mexico 64 36 18 3 86 40

Montserrat 1 5

Netherlands Antilles 1 1 6 Nicaragua 4 3 7 2

Panama 17 10 7 1 2

Puerto Rico 3 11 9 3 1

St Kitts and Nevis 1 5 St Lucia 3 6

St Vincent 1 2 4

Trinidad and Tobago 1 3 5 Turks and Caicos Islands 3 4 USA 35 50 28 24 123 594

Virgin Islands (British) 1 2 6 1 Virgin Islands (US) 2 5

Oceania

Country American Samoa 2 2 2 4 Australia 58 45 37 25 37 281 Christmas Island 3 2 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3 Cook Islands 6 2 Federated States of Micronesia 6 6 2 4

Fiji 4 9 6 1 2 French Polynesia 22 2 3 29

Guam 2 3 2 1 6 Kiribati 4 2 1

Marshall Islands 1 2 1 Nauru 2 New Caledonia 5 10 3 11

New Zealand 3 44 11 1 8 15

Niue 1 1 Norfolk Island 8 2 12

Northern Marianas 1 7 2 3 Palau 3 2 2 4 Papua New Guinea 57 31 10 13 11 Pitcairn Islands 5 5 Solomon Islands 20 18 4 5

Tokelau 1 2 Tonga 2 3 1

Tuvalu 1 2 1

US Minor Pacific Islands 1 2 Vanuatu 3 6 3 1 Wallis and Futuna Islands Western Samoa 2 6 2 1

Intro 55 Data Table 3 Continued

Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Invertebrates

South America

Country

Argentina 27 41 5 5 1 11

Bolivia 24 27 3 1 Brazil 71 103 15 5 12 34

Chile 16 18 1 3 4 Colombia 35 64 15 5

Ecuador 28 53 12 1 23 French Guiana 9 18 Guyana 10 3 8 1 Paraguay 10 26 3

Peru 46 64 9 1 2 Suriname 10 2 6

Uruguay 5 11 1

Venezuela 24 22 14 5 1

Unknown

Intro 56 Data Table 4 Extinct, Threatened, and Other Species: Country Totals by Status Category

EX EW Subtotal OR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD Africa

Country

Algeria 1 1 4 6 26 36 4 10 11 Angola 2 17 22 41 20 35 12 Benin 3 9 12 9 12 6

Botswana 1 3 8 12 25 10 2

Burkina Faso 1 2 5 8 9 9 2 Burundi 2 12 14 9 15 5 Cameroon 19 18 43 80 12 64 13

Cape Verde 1 1 1 3 4 8 Central African Republic 5 9 14 12 25 4 Chad 2 6 11 19 11 12 5 Comoros 6 5 5 16 7

Congo 1 7 8 16 3 32 8 Cote d'lvoire 2 11 21 34 9 31 9

Djibouti u 2 1 5 8 4 4 2 Egypt 4 9 20 33 4 12 8

Equatorial Guinea 1 9 11 21 1 29 7

Eritrea 1 2 9 12 5 6 1 Ethiopia 10 12 38 60 20 43 7 Gabon 3 6 11 20 5 30 10 Gambia 2 4 6 10 14 4 Ghana 2 6 19 27 8 40 7 Guinea 4 9 17 30 10 24 7 Guinea-Bissau 2 2 5 9 9 14 2

Kenya 1 1 21 27 59 107 27 49 11 Lesotho 2 7 9 9 9

Liberia 3 9 18 30 1 30 8

Libya 4 6 6 16 1 8 6 Madagascar 5 5 20 29 71 120 2 30 16

Malawi 1 10 13 24 18 24 3

Mali 1 6 13 20 10 14 5 Mauritania 4 5 11 20 7 9 5

Mauritius 44 1 45 11 14 27 52 2 5 7

Mayotte 5 5 2 1 2 5 Morocco 7 4 28 39 4 11 14 Mozambique 4 13 24 41 23 34 7

Namibia 1 1 3 8 16 27 23 25 3

Niger 1 5 9 15 10 6 5 Nigeria 2 13 25 40 13 47 10 Reunion 17 17 5 5 16 26 2 2

Rwanda 1 4 12 17 10 26 4

Sao Tome & Principe 5 1 10 16 6 28 Senegal 3 8 15 26 12 22 6

Seychelles 3 3 7 4 11 22 2 2 1 Sierra Leone 3 8 17 28 6 38 6 Somalia 5 8 19 32 14 22 6

Intro 57 Data Table 4 Continued

EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD

South Africa 10 10 23 41 141 205 33 91 17 St Helena 24 24 4 2 13 19 3 Sudan 6 10 18 34 19 30 8

Swaziland 2 1 8 11 23 4 Tanzania 14 58 60 132 29 51 51 Togo 4 8 12 10 20 6 Tunisia 3 3 18 24 3 9 8 Uganda 12 19 36 67 19 49 8

Western Sahara 3 4 3 10 1 3 Zaire 8 48 57 113 21 77 21 Zambia 2 7 18 27 20 26 3

Zimbabwe 1 5 14 20 24 18 3

Antarctica

Country

Falkland Islands 1 1 1 1 6 4

French Southern Territories 1 1 1 2 3 3 3

South Georgia 1 1

Asia

Country Afghanistan 5 22 27 2 19 8

Armenia 2 1 15 18 1 17 8

Azerbaijan 1 5 27 33 3 20 11 Bahrain 2 2 2 2

Bangladesh 3 17 41 61 1 48 8

Bhutan 1 11 24 36 35 2

British Indian Ocean Territory 1 1 2 2 2 Brunei 2 6 21 29 40 8 Cambodia 8 18 29 55 33 7

China 2 1 3 19 46 148 213 5 161 41

Cyprus 1 3 7 11 2 8 5 Georgia 4 6 24 34 3 22 16

Hong Kong 1 5 10 16 10 2 India 15 42 136 193 6 148 32 Indonesia 5 5 27 72 241 340 6 246 100 Iran 3 12 39 54 3 26 16

Iraq 1 1 2 23 25 1 15 5 Israel 3 3 4 10 22 36 2 19 8 Japan 13 13 18 55 59 132 7 40 73

Jordan 1 1 4 11 15 1 10 3

Kazakhstan 1 6 34 41 3 29 14

Intro 58 EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD

Korea, North 3 6 18 27 3 13 2 Korea, South 2 5 19 26 3 17 2

Kuwait 1 1 1 1 4 6 3 2

Kyrgyzstan 3 12 15 1 6 4 Laos 7 15 46 68 57 14

Lebanon 1 1 11 13 2 9 6 Malaysia 12 25 70 107 3 93 24

Maldives 1 1 1 3 2 1

Mongolia 1 1 4 25 29 1 20 2 Myanmar 10 19 69 98 3 108 20 Nepal 3 14 44 61 2 58 7

Oman 2 7 13 22 1 4 4 Pakistan 2 10 33 45 2 36 8 Philippines 2 2 42 54 92 188 6 80 16

Qatar 1 1 1 3 2 Russia 3 3 6 25 82 113 10 66 44

Saudi Arabia 1 1 2 3 4 16 23 5 15 7 Singapore 6 12 18 3 5 5 Sri Lanka 7 18 18 43 10 27 10

Syria 1 1 2 5 10 17 2 15 7 Taiwan 3 8 22 33 3 30 5 Tajikistan 3 15 18 11 2

Thailand 1 1 2 14 25 71 110 3 97 32 Turkey 13 16 41 70 3 39 44

Turkmenistan 1 6 26 33 1 14 13 Ukraine 2 7 43 52 5 37 33

United Arab Emirates 1 3 6 10 1 2 3

Uzbekistan 1 4 17 22 1 11 6

Viet Nam 1 1 17 25 59 101 2 81 19

Yemen 1 1 5 3 14 22 2 13 2

Europe

Country

Albania 3 1 16 20 21 17 Andorra 2 2 Austria 2 2 8 15 38 61 5 42 30 Belarus 2 12 14 4 22 8

Belgium 2 1 20 23 3 24 10

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 24 25 2 17 9 Bulgaria 2 4 35 41 2 40 33

Croatia 1 1 1 4 38 43 2 20 22

Czech Republic 1 2 33 36 5 32 18

Denmark 1 1 2 13 15 4 15 8

Estonia 1 1 8 10 2 17 10

Faeroe Islands 1 1 1

Finland 1 2 14 17 4 23 12 France 2 2 6 5 78 89 4 45 22 Germany 3 3 2 4 43 49 6 38 28

Gibraltar 4 4 1 1 1

Intro 59 Data Table 4 Continued

EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD

Greece 7 4 44 55 3 39 34 Hungary 2 6 48 56 4 37 23

Iceland 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ireland 1 1 4 6 3 6 5

Italy 1 1 6 6 63 75 5 47 21

Latvia 1 16 17 2 22 10

Liechtenstein 5 5 1 4 Lithuania 2 13 15 4 23 11

Luxembourg 1 1 6 8 1 10 2

IVlacedonia 20 20 1 19 3

Malta 1 4 5 5 7

Moldova 4 20 24 1 21 24

Monaco 1 Netherlands 2 17 19 3 24 7

Norway 1 1 14 16 5 18 8

Poland 1 5 25 31 6 37 16 Portugal 3 3 15 10 72 97 8 26 7 Romania 3 7 51 61 5 39 34 Slovakia 2 37 39 5 37 16 Slovenia 4 53 57 2 22 12 Spain 2 2 9 16 80 105 10 68 18

Sweden 1 2 20 23 5 24 14 Switzerland 2 37 39 5 40 14

United Kingdom 1 1 2 1 14 17 4 17 9

Yugoslavia 1 1 4 5 44 53 2 40 31

North and Central America

Country

Anguilla 1 1 1 3 1 5 2 Antigua and Barbuda 2 2 2 6 3 Aruba 2 3 5

Bahamas 2 2 3 5 9 17 7 1

Barbados 1 1 1 1 1 3 3

Belize 1 5 10 16 18 2

Bermuda 26 1 1 28 1 Canada 5 5 4 4 32 40 5 14 10

Cayman Islands 4 4 1 1 2 4 5 Costa Rica 4 16 24 44 46 4

Cuba 7 7 10 13 13 36 20 1

Dominica 1 2 4 7 5

Dominican Republic 8 8 4 8 16 28 18 1 El Salvador 2 4 3 9 12 2

Greenland 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 Grenada 2 3 5

Guadeloupe 4 4 1 8 3 12 7

Intro 60 EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD

Guatemala 1 1 2 18 9 29 38 5 Haiti 9 9 2 6 16 24 20 2 Honduras 2 2 2 9 9 20 31 2 Jamaica 4 4 7 7 14 28 13 3 Martinique 6 6 2 4 2 8 5 Mexico 22 6 28 51 90 106 247 3 110 21 Montserrat 2 4 6 7

Nettierlands Antilles 1 4 3 8 3

Nicaragua 1 7 8 16 34 8 Panama 2 11 24 37 55 4 Puerto Rico 5 5 6 10 11 27 8 2

St Kitts and Nevis 1 3 2 6 2

St Lucia 1 1 2 5 2 9 7 St Vincent 2 3 2 7 2

Trinidad and Tobago 2 4 3 9 1 11 1 Turks and Caicos Islands 2 3 2 7 2 USA 177 3 180 212 150 492 854 16 184 213

Virgin Islands (British) 3 3 4 10 1

Virgin Islands (US) 1 1 3 2 2 7 1

Oceania

Country

American Samoa 1 1 1 6 3 10 3 1 2 Australia 35 35 42 118 323 483 11 176 61

Christmas Island 1 1 5 5 1 1 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3 3

Cook Islands 14 14 2 1 5 8 1 1 1 Federated States of Micronesia 2 2 8 6 4 18 4 5 53

Fiji 1 1 5 6 11 22 3 9 1

French Polynesia 62 9 71 26 13 17 56 2 1 1

Guam 3 1 4 4 5 5 14 3 2 49

Kiribati 1 3 3 7 3 1

Marshall Islands 1 1 2 4 3 3

Nauru 2 2 1

New Caledonia 4 4 5 12 12 29 3 1 3

New Zealand 20 1 21 7 9 66 82 1 23 12

Niue 1 1 2 1 Norfolk Island 8 8 2 4 16 22 2 Northern Marianas 5 2 6 13 3 3 11

Palau 1 1 4 3 4 11 4 4 54

Papua New Guinea 1 1 12 25 85 122 4 61 54 Pitcairn Islands 10 10 1 Solomon Islands 3 3 8 11 28 47 4 28 3

Tokelau 1 1 3 2 1

Tonga 1 1 3 2 6 3 2 1

Tuvalu 1 2 4 3 1

US Minor Pacific Islands 1 1 1 1 3 1 Vanuatu 2 10 13 3 5 1 Wallis and Futuna Islands 1 Western Samoa 2 3 6 11 3 3 1

Intro 61 Data Table 4 Continued

EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD South America

Country

Argentina 2 2 6 20 64 90 1 91 15 Bolivia 4 11 40 55 2 71 10

Brazil 4 1 5 35 64 141 240 7 159 37

Chile 5 5 32 42 1 25 70

Colombia 3 3 16 35 68 119 1 123 15

Ecuador 4 4 7 23 87 117 1 92 15 French Guiana 3 6 9 18 26 6

Guyana 2 6 14 22 1 31 5

Paraguay 1 1 4 13 22 39 58 3 Peru 10 24 88 122 2 122 21 Suriname 2 5 11 18 29 4

Uruguay 1 6 10 17 17 7

Venezuela 7 21 38 66 1 79 10

Unknown

Intro 62 Guest Essays

Application of lUCN Red List is final, while an extinction from a country may later be Categories on a Regional Scale followed by a recolonization. While the new system has a clear definition for species that are Extinct (EX) or by Ulf Gdrdenfors Extinct in the Wild (EW), it lacks a definition for Regionally Extinct (RE) species. The time frame considered when creating the definition of RE will effect Introduction the listings. The new lUCN Red List Categories (lUCN 1994) were The time frame is also important when considering developed primarily for application on the global scale, the categories Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered i.e. forjudging the extinction risk of the whole species (or (EN) and Vulnerable (VU) on a regional level. When other taxon). Most countries concerned with compiling assessing the prospects for the next 10 years, for exam- Red Lists will probably adopt the new categories in one ple, a species may face an extinction risk in a country of form or another. However, by doing so. some problems more than 50% (CR). However, if these prospects are may arise when the population of a species within a assessed over a period of 100 years the extinction risk for country (or other considered region) is only a part of a the same species might still be 50% (then corresponding larger population. Furthermore, because the categories to VU), because there are interactions with populations only consider extinction risks, there may also be other outside the country. criteria that, from a national perspective, should be considered in order to develop conservation priorities.

Thus, there is a need to develop guidelines for apply- Hypothetical Cases ing the new categories at national or other regional lev- In Figure 1 the species is represented in the country only els in order to achieve a standardized application. To by a marginal part of a larger distribution area. The cope with the issue. lUCN has organized workshops, so extinction risk within the country may be less than what far in Gland, Switzeriand (March 1995; lUCN 1995) and the criteria A-D(-E) applied on the national part of the in Cambridge. England (December 1995; Gardenfors population suggest (compared to when applied on a

1996). The process will continue, resulting in general global level), because if the species tends to die out recommendations from lUCN. within the country, new individuals from neighboring

In this paper I will identify some of the conceptual countries may move in (rescue effect). However, in rare problems that may arise when applying the lUCN Red instances, the reverse situation might be the case. If the

List categories on a subglobal scale. marginal population is not self-sustaining and depends on regular immigration from the more central parts of the geographic range, the extinction risk within the country Problems at Regional Level could be higher than is suggested by criteria A-D(-E), if

The lUCN ( 1994) categories of threat are defined by one something threatens the central population. In both of five criteria (A-E; see the section entitled The New cases, however, the extinction risk depends on the lUCN Categories and Criteria in this book). The quanti- adopted time frame. Over a short time perspective the tative thresholds of the criteria were set roughly to species may face a high extinction risk, but in a longer correspond to each other in reflecting the extinction risk perspective there is a good possibility of recolonization of taxa. and survival. When applying these criteria on a national or other In the next case (Figure 2), the population in the coun- kind of regional level, there are few problems, so long try is geographically separated from other populations. If as the population of the species to be assessed is isolated there is no flow of individuals between the populations, from other conspecific populations, or is endemic. The the new lUCN criteria are applicable, because popula- extinction risk for an isolated population is the same irre- tions outside the country do not affect the extinction risk spective of whether it constitutes the only population of within the country. If on the other hand, there is a the species in the world, or if there are other totally iso- source-sink situation with a regular inflow of individuals, lated conspecific populations. But, if the target popula- we have a similar situation to that shown in Figure 1. tion constitutes only a part of a larger population, the Again, the extinction risk depends on the time frame. In quantitative thresholds in criteria A-D (and even E, the case of an isolated self-sustaining population, the depending on how the analysis is made) might not accu- extinction risk may be low over a short time span, but rately reflect the extinction risk. Also, a global extinction

Intro 63 Country ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Counlry ^^^^^^^^^^^.^^^ _J^^ *

Figure 1. Figure 2.

very high over a longer time span, while the reverse may try against the lUCN criteria A-D, starting with the be the case in the source-sink situation. assumption that the national population is the only one in the world. Then, one should check the situation of the

species against a list to determine whether or not any fac- Proposals on a Regional Scale tors influence its extinction risk. Such a checklist should The obstacles to applying the new lUCN Red List crite- include at least the following items: ria on a national level, as presented above, may seem very difficult to address, but I think they can be managed. • Does the national/regional population have any The majority of threatened species are so because they obvious contact with populations outside the bor- have small and isolated populations. If they do not have ders? What is the distance to the nearest population? a high dispersal ability, the application of the lUCN cri- Are there any effective barriers preventing dispersal teria is straightforward. The problems will mainly arise to and from neighboring populations? among highly mobile organisms, such as birds, larger • Is the species capable of long-distance dispersal? mammals, certain insects, many marine organisms, and Is it known to do so? maybe cryptograms with easily dispersed spores. The problems will of course be more pronounced in countries • How abundant is the species in neighboring regions? surrounded by other countries than in those surrounded Are the populations there stable, increasing or by sea or other barriers preventing dispersal. decreasing? Are there any important threats to Conceptually, one could possibly cope with the those populations? impact of neighboring populations by quantifying the • Are there any known differences in local adaptation flow of individuals (or diaspores) across the borders between the national and foreign populations, i.e. is (lUCN 1995) and include this in a metapopulation it probable that the foreign populations are adapted model. However, in reality, we often lack such data. If to survive within the country? we do have such data and are able to include it into a

quantitative analysis, we can use criterion E. Because • What is the environmental (including climatological) of the possibility of regional extinction, as well as the situation within one's own country/region for the

problems with the time frame, we must then add a pas- species? Is the national population self-sustaining

sage to the definition of the E criterion of categories CR- (has it shown a positive reproduction rate over the

VU. The current definition of CR under criterion E is: years) or is it dependent on immigration for its long- term survival? Quantitative analysis showing the probability of

extinction in the wild is at least 50% within 10 • Are environmental conditions in the country such

years or 3 generations, whichever is the longer that immigrating specimens are able to establish or has the species disappeared because these prerequi- At a regional level, this criterion could read: sites were not fulfilled? Quantitative analysis showing the probability of • If the species becomes extinct in the country, what regional extinction, that will persist for at least100 are the probabilities for recolonization within 100 years from now, is at least 50% within 10 years or years? 3 generations, whichever is the longer.

In the majority of cases we lack such data and the solu- If an evaluation of these questions indicates that foreign tion must be to evaluate the population within the coun- populations affect the extinction risk of the national pop-

Intro 64 ulation in such a way that it is lower or higher than the A- ing to the decision about national conservation measures

D criteria suggest, the threat category should be adjusted (Spartowe and Wight 1975. Nieme 1982, Millsap et al. downwards or upwards. Such a movement must be indi- 1990, Daniels et al. 1991, Master 1991, Forey et al. cated, e.g. by giving the category met by the global cri- 1994, Gardenfors in press). As suggested in the lUCN teria within parenthesis. Thus EN (VU) would indicate guidelines (lUCN 1994. p. 8, section 1 1), and also by that the species met the criteria for VU, but was moved Avery et al. (1995), two important criteria could be upwards (probably a very rare situation) to EN, while EN global status and proportion of the global population or

(CR) indicates that it has been moved downwards (much range that occurs within the region. more likely) from CR. The global scale may not be the most appropriate for

In the case where there is not enough data for such an comparison with a national scale. A species scattered in evaluation, or the result is uncertain, the species should fragmented populations over the entire Holarctic region be placed in the category met by the global criteria. is probably genetically considerably differentiated and

It is worth noting that a neighboring population more the populations in North America and Eastern Europe often will affect the national category when the criteria most probably are not interchangeable. As a general rule, Bl, B3 and D are met (no observation of decline) than the most appropriate scale would probably be the conti- when criteria A, B2 and C are fulfilled (a decline has nental or comparable biogeographic regional scale. The been observed). This is because if there is an observed proportion of the international/continental population decline, the decline happens in spite of any influence and probability of recolonization can be given on a scale from populations outside the country (though the decline from to 1 (where the intervals for population percent- might have been even bigger without such an influence). ages depend on the area of the country in relation to the

Once again, the time frame is problematic, since there continental area. Figure 3). can be a decline in the country that, later on, can be bal- In a priority-setting system, many other criteria could anced by immigration. be of interest, such as ecological importance, historical importance, taxonomic and genetic importance, impor-

tance to people, etc. Most of these, however, turn out to Other Red List Categories be problematic to apply, either conceptually or in practice The three Lower Risk (LR) subcategories, conserva- (Gardenfors in press) and are consequently difficult to tion dependent (cd), near threatened (nt) and least include in a formalized priority-setting system. How- concern (Ic), can be treated as defined by lUCN ever, in cases where any such criterion is obviously (1994) after having taken above mentioned considera- important, it could be remarked upon separately. tions for CR-VU. The categories Data Deficient (DD) Taking into consideration the points made above, a and Not Evaluated (NE) can be applied at national national Red List could have an appearance as in Figure level without any adaptations. 4, It is not obvious how to weigh the individual criteria As indicated earlier in this paper, it may be necessary against each other. Maybe the best solution is to avoid to define a new category for species extinct only within any such a priority weighting, and allow for different a country or another region. An extinction of an endemic weighting when different situations and issues come up. species in a country is equal to a global extinction, but when a more widespread species becomes extinct within a country, it still survives in other parts of the world. These two different kinds of extinction deserve to be recognized and distinguished in national Red Lists. This has already been done in some countries, and national extinction has been described by words such as Extirpated or .2 Vanished. However, Vanished may be perceived as too weak a word, and Extirpated has the double disadvantage o of alluding to deliberate human-induced eradication i

(which rarely is the case) and being confused with the category Extinct when abbreviated. The most appropriate term would probably be Regionally Extinct (RE). Proportion of international population

Conservation Priority 0.2 4 0.6 0.8 1 Conservation points The lUCN Red List categories do not allow for any con- siderations other than extinction risks. However, there may also be other criteria that are important when com- Figure 3.

Intro 65 Species National Red lUCN Criteria Continental Red Proportion of Remark List Category List Category Contin. Pop.

Aus australis EN A2d, B2c + 3d CR 0.8 Formerly distrib. all over the country Bus borealis nt (VU) D2 —

Cus communis nt — 0.4 A key-stone species

Dus domeslicus VU E — 0.2?

Eus Ephemericus RE VU

Fus frugivorus EN(CR) A1a, c nt 0.2 Monotypic genus

Figure 4.

How to Proceed? Forey, P.L., Humphries, C.J., and Vane-Wright, R.I. In order to develop guidelines for applying the lUCN (eds.). 1994. Systematics and Conservation Evalua-

Red List categories at regional levels it is now necessary tion. The Systematics Association Special Volume to produce and distribute draft guidelines and test them No. 50. Calendon Press, Oxford, UK. against a wide variety of species in many countries in dif- Gardenfors, U. 1996. The regional perspective. In: ferent parts of the world. It is important that this proce- Baillie, J., Callahan, D., and Gardenfors, U. A closer dure involves a very wide consultation of national Red look at the lUCN Red List Categories. Species 25 List compilers from throughout the world. Hopefully (December 1995): 30-36. lUCN will be able to adopt and publish a set of official Gardenfors, U. In press. Conservation priorities for guidelines in the near future. threatened species. Proceedings of the 10th Inter- national Colloquium of the European Invertebrate Survey. Saarbriicken, Germany, 4-5 July 1995. Acknowledgements lUCN. 1994. lUCN Red List Categories. lUCN, Gland, Ingemar Ahlen, Jonathan Baillie, Oskar Kindvall, Switzerland. Georgina Mace and Simon Stuart provided many con- lUCN. 1995. Draft guidelines for applying the lUCN structive suggestions, which substantially improved this Red List Categories at the national level. Results of manuscript. the National Red List Workshop, Gland, Switzerland 23-24 March 1995. UlfGdrdenfors. Ph.D. Master, L.L. 1991. Assessing threats and setting priori- Assistant Director ties for conservation. Consen'ation Biology 5: 559- Swedisli Tlveatened Species Unit 563. P.O. Box7002 Millsap, B.A., Gore, J. A., Runde, D.E., and Cerulean, S-750 07 Uppsala S.I. 1990. Setting priorities for the conservation of Sweden fish and wildlife species in Florida. Wildl. Monogr., Ill: 1-57.

Nieme, G. J. 1982. Determining priorities innon-game References management. Loon 54: 28-54. Avery. M.. Wingfield Gibbons, D., Porter, R., Tew, T., Sparrowe. R.D. and Wight, H.M. 1975. Setting priorities Tucker, G., and Williams, G. 1995. Revising the for the endangered species program. Trans. North British Red Data List For Birds: The biological basis Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resonr. Conf. 40: 142-156. of UK Conservation Priorities. Ibis 137: 232-239. Daniels, R.J.R., Hegde, M., Joshi, N.V.. and Gadgil. M. 1991. Assigning conservation value: a case study

from India. Conser\'ation Biology 5: 464-475.

Intro 66 Applying the New lUCN Some Problems and Solutions Threatened Species Categories One of the specific aims of the revision of the categories is to improve objectivity by providing clear guidance on by Alison J. Stattersfield how to evaluate different factors which affect the risk of extinction. For the majority of species—birds being no exception numerical data concerning population num- Introduction — bers or rates of decline are lacking, or, at best, available BirdLife International (formerly the International Council on a site basis only (and thereby relevant to part of any for Bird Preservation) has had a long history of involve- population only). The preamble to the new categories ment in the red-listing process, taking responsibility for therefore emphasizes the importance of attempting to advising lUCN and its Species Survival Commission on classify poorly known taxa by estimating and extrapo- matters relating to the conservation status and needs of lating the current or potential threats into the future, and birds. BirdLife was among the first to apply the new by allocating them a threat status by applying the pre- rUCN threatened species categories in late 1993 and eaiiy cautionary principle. 1994 (before the criteria were published), and was the Using inference in a consistent fashion, however, first to evaluate a complete class of species. proved to be one of our greatest difficulties in producing Bird data for the Red Lists have come from the inter- the revised list for birds, for, despite the intentions of the national Red Data Books, which have been a keystone new system, there is litde guidance to help standardize of BirdLife's research work. This program started with this process. Indeed we found that there was considerable Vincent (1966- 1 97 1 ), was updated by King ( 1 978- 1 979). scope for variation in categorization of some species then followed by regional treatments of Africa (Collar (using the same data) even between three people (my and Stuart 1985) and the Americas (Collar et al. 1992) coauthors and I). Given that birds are the most compre- (all using the old lUCN categories), and work is currently hensively studied of all the classes of animals or plants, it under way to assess candidates for Asia (using the new is likely that inconsistencies arising from the use of infer- categories). Annotated global checklists, where data ence will be far greater for those assessing less well sources are referenced (Birds to Watch), have also been known groups with fewer numerical clues, and in cir- published (Collar and Andrew 1988, Collar et al. 1994; cumstances where more people contribute to the evalua- using old and new categories respectively) to keep the tion process. summary information and category allocation up-to-date, Another dilemma we faced was the availability and and to compensate for the time-lag caused by the detailed quality of other data which could have helped us make work necessary to produce an exhaustively researched well informed inferences. Despite access to many pub- Red Data Book. lished sources of information and expertise from The old lUCN system for identifying threatened BirdLife's extensive network of contacts, we found that species gave broad definitions for five threatened cate- our information on, for example, habitat loss and degra- gories, of which only two directly indicated the likeli- dation was poor in some parts of the world. While eval- hood of extinction. The new system (used to list all uators can reasonably be expected to assemble all the species in this Red List) is characterized by quantitative appropriate species-specific material (on distribution, or clearly defined criteria, subcriteria and qualifiers, population, ecology etc.), they may not have access to based around an evaluation of probabilities of extinction general data concerning a species's environment (e.g. within specified time-frames. Species may qualify for logging activities or other land-use changes past, present, one of three threatened categories depending on whether and planned). We recognized that some of our assess- their abundance and/or range sizes, or rates of decrease in ments might be seriously affected by ignorance of such these, meet explicit numerical thresholds (see, for exam- key pieces of information (see Figure 1 ). ple. Mace 1993, Mace and Stuart 1994). Other areas of difficulty, more fully discussed in The aims of this essay are threefold. First, to draw on Collar et al. (1994), included; the indistinct division the experience of BirdLife's research to discuss some of between the near threatened and least concern categories; the particular difficulties which were experienced in the appropriate use of the (non-threatened) conservation applying the new lUCN threatened .species categories to dependent category where information on important birds and to outline some potential solutions. Second, to extrinsic factors such as the effectiveness of certain pro- use the BirdLife data to interpret the changes between tected areas is needed; thresholds for the Critically successive Red Lists using the old and new categories. Endangered category which could be (perhaps too) read- And third, to suggest how the red-lisdng process, using ily met by species with natarally small ranges as a result the new categories, can help conservation. of any evidence indicating loss of habitat, however

Intro 67 Currently E INCONSISTENT 1 ^ F E R E N C CATEGORIZATION

t t Published Different sources Varying Little documentation of environmental evaluator guidance not required data experience Poor or no numerical data on taxa Publication Common sources Wide consultation User's of data and of environmental and peer review Guide reasoning data

,, i i i CONSISTENT > E -* Ideally 1 M F E R E N C CATEGORIZATION

Figure 1. Some problems and solutions in applying the new lUCN threatened species categories.

slight; an apparent inequity between species with small standard forms which ensure that all relevant details are stable populations (= not threatened) versus those with logged, or interactive user-friendly computer programs much larger ones in the same area but with declining with a comprehensive help system specially designed ones elsewhere (= threatened); and the definition of loca- for this purpose. At the very least the mammal, reptile,

tion which is crucial to the interpretation of the range-size fish and other equivalents of Birds to Watch (summariz- criteria (see also, for example, Baillie et al. 1995, ing distribution, habitat requireinents, abundance, trends

Hallingback et al. 1995 for difficulties encountered in and threats) should be produced as the documentary basis applying the categories to different faunal groups). of future Red Lists. Many of the above problems could be diminished by Publication of data will have several benefits: critical more detailed guidance in the use of the criteria (and a inferences will be indicated and might generate more

"Users' Guide" is being prepared). This should be easier appropriately orientated fieldwork and important new

to formulate now, with many real examples, owing to the infonnation; details of the assessment will be available extensive collective experience of applying the cate- for more efficient and improved re-evaluation; and the gories for this Red List. documentation will allow for wide consultation and inde-

Further guidance will not, however, eliminate all the pendent peer review, to aid consistency between treat-

uncertainties associated with the use of inference. It is ment of poorly known species in different taxonomic

therefore vital that, where data are poor, the reasoning groups and regions of the world. In addition, the envi-

used to trigger certain criteria should be made as explicit ronmental knowledge which has influenced judgements as possible. Although the new system requires the inclu- will be disclosed and rendered accessible to other asses- sion of coding to indicate which criteria are judged to be sors of species with similar ranges and problems.

met (rather than the category code alone), such notation However, it is not efficient for different evaluators

could be misleading because there is no indication of lev- repeatedly to find the same environmental information,

els of uncertainty. It is possible, because a species is clas- nor are they necessarily the best people to interpret it.

sified as threatened using a system which is recognized An invaluable supplement to the forthcoming Users' as being more objective, to assume without question that Guide, therefore, would be a common source of appro- the species meets the criteria (and has, for example, a priate background data compiled and up-dated by rele-

population of less than 10,000 mature individuals) when, vant experts (see Figure 1 ).

in fact, the original evaluation involved a highly precautionary inference derived from very slight evidence. Changes and Their Interpretation Guesswork may therefore become fact, and judgements Given the apparently major change in the categories and may not be re-evaluated from first principles in subse- their ciiteria, one might expect big changes in the overall quent exercises. The only real solution, therefore, is to numbers and types of species listed as threatened. For publish the species-specific and background data in detail, for example in Red Data Books, Action Plans,

Intro 68 .

birds, there has been an increase from 1 ,030 (Collar and not necessarily sufficient to determine priority ranking Andrew 1988) to 1,111 (Collar ef a/. 1994). Although for conservation, and that a system for such assessments the net change is a relatively small one—an additional would include numerous other factors such as costs, 81 species in total (= 8% increase)—more considerable logistics, and chances of success. Although these may flux is masked: 295 species were upgraded to threatened be addressed in Action Plans, the increasing number of status (29%) and 214 species downgraded (21%). threatened species joining the Red Lists means that, for However, these changes may be attributed to four fac- most (uncharismatic) species, the only real prospect for tors—the currently volatile nature of ornithological saving them is by site protection. Thus geographical taxonomy (+81, -12), the inevitable improvement in areas of overlap between the thousands of threatened knowledge (-1-157, -139), genuine changes in status (-t-14, species included in this Red List (by country, area, and -2) and changes in the criteria (+43. -61). If we assume ideally site) would represent a new and vitally important that the first three factors are independent of the system basis for assigning the biological priorities for conserva- used (accounting for 85% and 71% of the upgrades and tion action, and help to focus resources appropriately downgrades respectively), it appears that the new cate- where choices have to be made (see Collar 1994). gories have not radically altered the end result. It might be As a result of its Red Data Book research, BirdLife possible, therefore, to conclude that the old lUCN sys- has already identified key forests for threatened tem for the classification of threatened species was ade- Afrotropical birds (Collar and Stuart 1988) and key sites quate after all. However, as the use of inference is a key for threatened Neotropical birds (Wege and Long 1995). factor in the appropriate application of the new cate- These studies show that many threatened species occur gories, the potential for misuse under the old system together in similar places and that site-based priorities (where there were broad definitions only for guidance) can therefore be developed effectively through threat- was many times greater. ened species analysis. BirdLife's original Biodiversity An interpretation of the changes between successive Project extended this geographical approach by delimit- Red Lists, combined with the probabilities of extinction ing so-called Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs), covering the implicit in the new categories, allows us to make predic- breeding ranges of all land bird species with restricted- tions of the rates of species' extinctions. Such projections ranges (including three-quarters of threatened species). have been common in both the scientific and popular lit- The approach also demonstrated the importance of most erature, and have caused much debate over the reality of of these areas for other endemic wildlife groups (ICBP the so-called impending extinction spasm (see, e.g. 1992, Stattersfield et al. in prep.).

Myers 1987). We calculate that it would take between Current research at BirdLife focuses on Important 800 and 2,800 years for half the world's birds (4,850 Bird Areas (IBAs), which are selected on the basis of species) to go extinct (Crosby et al. 1994). This is based globally agreed criteria dealing with threatened species on our categorization in Collar er al. (1994) and a populations, importance for congregatory species, or rep- dynamic projection that takes into account the likely resentation of EBAs or larger biomes. The IBA initia- changes in knowledge over the next 100 years and a rate tive aims to cover the most important sites which will of change of status equivalent to the one which we had conserve all bird species for which a site-based approach perceived during the period 1988-1994 or worse. Under is appropriate. IBAs have been identified for Europe

"normal" conditions, using mean survival times as illus- (Grimmett and Jones 1989) and the Middle East (Evans trated from the fossil record, one would expect the nat- 1994), and there is now a commitment to identify the ural time to extinction for half the world's birds to be majority of the world's IBAs by the year 2000. Despite around 500,000 years. While we recognize that our mod- the fact that evidence for congruence exists, such an els (which happen to be more optimistic than others based approach could be adopted by colleagues working on on older data and different methodologies, e.g. Smith et other groups, and help to polarize attention on key sites al. 1993) are not necessarily realistic, they clearly draw for all plant and animal "sympatric" species. attention to a crisis of considerable magnitude, directly attributable to the destructive activities of man. Conclusions

1 Where numerical species data are lacking, varying Using Red Lists experience and interpretation of the new lUCN Red Lists are not an end in themselves. They provide criteria coupled with ignorance of key environmental information about the status of species, giving no indi- information, will result in inconsistent categorization cation of the conservation action which must be taken to of species' status by different evaluators. save them from extinction. 2. Consistency in categorization could be enhanced by The new guidelines state that the category of threat is

Intro 69 a variety of measures including more detailed A., Naranjo, L.G., Parker, T.A., and Wege, D.C.

guidance in the use of the criteria, publication 1992. Threatened Birds of the Americas: the ICBP/ and referencing of key data, provision of sharing lUCN Red Data Book. International Council for Bird common sources of environmental information, Preservation, Cambridge, UK. greater consultation and independent peer review. Collar, N.J. 1994. Red Data Books, Action Plans and the need for site-specific synthesis. Species 21-22: 3. Although differences between the bird Red Lists 132-133. using the old and new criteria are relatively small, Collar, N.J., Crosby, M.J., and Stattersfield, A.J. 1994. the new system establishes a framework which Birds to Watch 2: The World List of Threatened Birds. reduces subjectivity and renders red-listing more (BirdLife Conservation Series no. 4), BirdLife Inter- accountable. national, Cambridge, UK.

4. Conservation efforts can be aided and influenced Crosby, M.J., Stattersfield, A.J., Collar, N.J., and by a reinterpretation of the species data collated for Bibby, C.J. 1994. Predicting avian extinction rates.

Red Lists to identify key sites, especially those Biodiversity Letters 2: 1 82- 1 85. which would protect large numbers of sympatric Evans, M.I. 1994. Important Bird Areas in the Middle threatened species. East. (BirdLife Conservation Series no. 2), BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. 5. Changes between successive Red Lists could Grimmett, R.F.A. and Jones, T.A. 1989. Imponant Bird provide a useful measure of progress in the Areas in Europe. (Techn. Publ. 9), International conservation of the world's biodiversity. Council for Bird Preservation. Cambridge, UK.

Hallingback, T., Hodgetts, N., and Urmi, E. 1995. How Acknowledgements to apply the new lUCN Red List categories to This essay draws on the ideas and publications of many bryophytes. Species 24: 37 -4\ of my colleagues at BirdLife. I would like to thank Nigel ICBP. 1992. Putting biodiversity on the map: priority Collar and Mike Crosby, in particular, for their encour- areas for global consen'ation. International Council agement and input, and also Colin Bibby, John Croxall, for Bird Preservation, Cambridge. UK. John Fanshawe, Adrian Long, and David Wege for help- King.W.B. 1978-1979. Red Data Book, 2: Aves. Second ful comments. edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Merges, Switzerland.

Alison Stattersfield Mace, G.M. 1993. The status of proposals to redefine BirdLife International the lUCN threatened species categories. Guest essay Wellbrook Court in B. Groombridge, ed. 1994 lUCN Red List of Girton Road Threatened Animals. International Union for Cons- Cambridge CBS ONA ervation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Mace, G.M. and Stuart, S. 1994. Draft lUCN Red List References categories. Species 21-22: 13-24.

Baillie, J., Callahan, D., and Giirdenfors, U. 1995. A Myers, N. 1987. The extinction spasm impending; syn-

closer look at the lUCN Red List categories. Species ergisms at work. Conservation Biology 1: 14-21. 25: 30-36. Smith, F.D.M,, May, R.M., Pellew, R., Johnson, T.J., and Collar, N.J. and Andrew, P. 1988. Birds to walcli: the Walter, K.S. 1993. Estimating extinction rates. ICBP world check-list of threatened birds. (Techn. Nature 364: 494-496.

Publ. 8). International Council for Bird Preservation, Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M.J., Long, A.J., and Wege, Cambridge, UK. D.C. In prep. Global directory of Endemic Bird Collar, N.J. and Stuart, S.N. 1985. Threatened birds of Areas. (BirdLife Conservation Series), BirdLife Africa and related islands: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data International Cambridge, UK.

Book. International Council for Bird Preservation, and Vincent, J. 1966-1971. Red Data Book, 2: Aves. International Union for Conservation of Nature and International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Cambridge, UK. Natural Resources, Morges, Switzerland.

— . 1988. Key forests for threatened birds in Africa. Wege, D.C. and Long, A.J. 1995. Key Areasfor threat- (Monogr. 3), International Council for Bird Preserv- ened birds in the Neotropics. (BirdLife Conservation

ation, Cambridge, UK. Series no. 5), BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. Collar, N.J., Gonzaga, L.P., Krabbe, N., Madrofio Nieto,

Intro 70 Index to Classes

Chordata

Mammalia Mammals 3, 129, 135, 177, 193, 219, 241, 245

Aves Birds 29, 131, 146, 179, 197,242,245

Reptilia Reptiles 58, 132, 164, 182, 199, 234, 242, 246

Amphibia Amphibians 66, 132, 166, 182, 201, 235, 243, 246

Cephalaspidomorphi Fishes: lampreys 69, 167, 183,201,246

Elasmobranchii Fishes: sharks, rays 69, 201

Actinopterygii Fishes: bony fishes 70, 132, 167, 183, 202, 235, 243 246

Sarcopterygii Fishes: Coelacanth

Cnidaria

Anthozoa Corals, sea anemones 128,217

Platyhelminthes

Turbellaria Flatworms 192, 256

Nemertina

Enopla Nemertine worms '<^ 128, 175,217

Mollusca

Bivalvia Molluscs: mussels, clams *• 1 10, 133, 172, 187, 209, 238, 244, 255 -** Gastropoda Molluscs: snails 112, 133, 173, 187, 209, 238, 244, 256

Annelida

''^ Hirudinea Leeches 171

Oligochaeta Earthworms ^ 109, 172

Polychaeta Marine bristle worms 109,209

Onychophora

Onychophora Velvet worms 109, 171, 187,209,255

Arthropoda

Arachnida Spiders, scorpions, etc 88, 169,207

Chilopoda Centipedes 89

Crustacea Crustaceans «r-^ 89, 132, 169, 185, 207, 237, 244, 247 Insecta Insects w 98, 133, 169, 185, 208, 237, 244, 247 Merostomata Horseshoe crabs 171,209

Echinodermata

Echinoidea Sea urchins, sea fans, etc 169

Listi

Threatened Species

Class MAMMALIA Monodelphis emiliae Family DASYURIDAE VU '2' Ale Dasycercus byrnei Order MONOTREMATA Brazil, Peru Kowari Monodelphis kunsi Family TACHYGLOSSIDAE VU " C2a EN '-' Ale Australia Zaglossus bruijni Bolivia, Brazil Long-beaked Echidna Dasycercus cristicauda Monodelphis maraxina EN " Alac Mulgara VU '" Ale Indonesia, Papua New Guinea VU " C2a Brazil Australia Monodelphis osgoodi Order DroELPHEMORPHIA Dasycercus hillieri VU '=' Ale Mulgara Family DmELPHIDAE Bolivia, Peru EN " Bl+2d+3bc Caluromys derbianus Monodelphis ruhida Australia VU '" Ale VU '=' Ale Dasyurus albopunctatus Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Brazil Guinea QuoU Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, New Monodelphis scalops " Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, VU Ala '=' Ale Panama VU Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Brazil Caluromysiops irrupta Dasyurus geoffroii VU "' Bl+2c Monodelphis sorex Chuditch '-' Ale Brazil, Peru VU VU " CI Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Glironia venusta Australia '=' Monodelphis theresa VU B1+2C Dasyurus maculatus '=' Ale Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru VU Spotted-tailed Quoll Brazil, Peru Gracilinanus aceramarcae VU " Cl+2a CR '-' B1+2C Monodelphis unistriata Australia Bolivia VU '=' Ale Dasyurus spartacus Brazil Gracilinanus dryas Bronze Quell VU '-' B1+2C VU " Ale Venezuela Order PAUCITUBERCULATA Papua New Guinea Gracilinanus emiliae Parantechinus apicalis '-' Family CAENOLESTIDAE VU Bl+2c Dibbler Brazil Rhyncholestes raphanurus EN " Bl+2ce Lestodelphys halli VU '=' Ale Australia VU '-' Bl+2c Chile Phascogale calura Argentina Red-tailed Phascogale Marmosa andersoni Order MICROBIOTHERIA EN " Bl+2bd '-' CR Bl+2c Australia Peru Family MICROBIOTHERIIDAE Planigale novaeguineae Marmosa xerophila Papuan Planigale '-' Dromiciops gliroides EN B1+2C " '-' Ale VU D2 Colombia, Venezuela VU Argentina, Chile Papua New Guinea Marmosops cracens Pseudantechinus mimulus EN '-' Bl+2c Antechinus Venezuela Order DASYUROMORPHIA Carpentarian VU " D2 Marmosops dorothea Family MYRMECOBIIDAE Australia VU '=' B1+2C Bolivia Myrmecobius fasciatus Sminthopsis aitkeni Kangaroo Island Dunnart Marmosops handleyi Numbat " Bl+2d CR "' B1+2C VU " Ala,D2 EN Colombia Australia Australia Threatened Species

Sminthopsis butleri Phalanger rothschildi Dorcopsulus macleayi Carpentarian Dunnart Obi Cuscus Macleay's Dorcopsis VU " D2 VU " D2 VU " D2 Australia Indonesia Papua New Guinea

Sminthopsis douglasi Phalanger vestitus Lagorchestes hirsutus Julia Creek Dunnart Stein's Cuscus Rufous Hare-wallaby EN " Bl+2bd+3d VU " Ala,Bl+2a VU " D2 Australia Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Australia

Sminthopsis psammophila Spilocuscus rufoniger Lagostrophus fasciatus Sandhill Dunnart Black-spotted Cuscus Banded Hare-wallaby EN " Bl+2ab+3ab EN " Aid VU " D2 Australia Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Australia Onychogalea Family POTOROIDAE fraenata Order PERAMELEMORPHIA Bridled Nailtail Wallaby " Family PERAMELIDAE Bettongia lesueur EN Ala, Cl-i-2b Boodie Australia Isoodon auratus " D2 VU Petrogale penicillata Golden Bandicoot Australia Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby VU " Bl+2e Bettongia tropica VU " C2a Australia Northern Bettong Australia Macrotis lagotis EN " Bl+2c Bilby Petrogale persephone Australia VU " C2a Prosperine Rock-wallaby " Australia Potorous gilbertii EN Bl-H2a Gilbert's Potoroo Australia Perameles bougainville CR " C2b, Dl Western Barred Bandicoot Setonix brachyurus EN " Bl+3a Australia Quokka Australia Potorous longipes VU '' AlbccCl Perameles gunnii Long-footed Potoroo Australia " Bl-H2c,C2a Eastern Barred Bandicoot EN Thylogale brownii VU " Alb Australia New Guinea Pademelon Australia " Ala Family MACRGPODmAE VU Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Dendrolagus dorianus Order NOTORYCTEMORPHIA Thylogale brunii Doria's Tree-kangaroo Dusky Pademelon Family NOTGRYCXroAE " VU Ala VU " Ala Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Notoryctes caurinus Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Northern Marsupial Mole Dendrolagus goodfellowi Thylogale calabyi EN " Alc+2c Goodfellow's Tree-kangaroo Calaby's Pademelon Australia EN " Ala EN " Ala, Bl+2a Papua Guinea Notoryctes typhlops New Papua New Guinea Southern Marsupial Mole Dendrolagus matschiei EN " Alc+2c Huon Tree-kangaroo Family BURRAMYIDAE Australia " Alac EN Burramys parvus Papua New Guinea Mountain Pygmy-possum Order DIPROTODONTIA Dendrolagus mbaiso EN " Bl+2abcde Family VOMBATmAE Dingiso Australia VU ' Aid Lasiorhinus krefftii Indonesia Family PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat Dendrolagus scottae Pseudocheirus occidentalis CR " B1+2C, Dl Scott's Tree-kangaroo Western Ringtail Australia EN ' Ala, Bl+2a VU '-' C2a Family PHALANGERffiAE Papua New Guinea Australia

Phalanger matanim Dorcopsis atrata Pseudochirops albertisii Telefomin Cuscus Black Dorcopsis D'Albertis Ringtail EN " Bl+2e EN " Bl+2c VU " Alc,D2 Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Mammals •n

Pseudochirops corinnae Tolypeutes tricinctus Micropotamogale ruwenzorii Plush-coated Ringtail Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo Ruwenzori Otter-shrew VU " Ala VU " Albcd EN * Bl-f2c Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Brazil Uganda, Zaire

Family PETAURIDAE Family MYRMECOFHAGmAE Potamogale velox EN * Bl-h2c Myrmecophaga tridactyla Dactylopsila megalura Angola, Cameroon, Central African Giant Anteater Great-tailed Troik Republic, Chad, Congo, Gabon, VU " Alcd VU " Aid, Bl+2a Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Argentina, Belize (ex?), Bolivia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Uganda, Zaire Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dactylopsila tatei Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Family CHRYSOCHLORIDAE Tate's Triok Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, EN " B1+2C Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Amblysomus gunningi Papua New Guinea Uruguay, Venezuela Gunning's Golden Mole " Gymnobelideus leadbeateri VU B1+2C Leadbeater's Possum Order INSECTIVORA South Africa " EN A2c,E Family SOLENODONTIDAE Amblysomus julianae Australia Juliana's Golden Mole Solenodon cubanus CR " B1+2C Petaurus abidi Cuban Solenodon South Africa Northern Glider EN " Alcde " VU D2 Cuba Chlorotalpa duthieae Papua New Guinea Solenodon paradoxus Duthie's Golden Mole " Petaurus gracilis Haitian Solenodon VU Bl-h2c Mahogany Glider EN " Alcde South Africa " Alb, BI+2abc, C2a EN Dominican Republic, Haiti Chlorotalpa sclateri Australia Sclater's Golden Mole Family TENRECmAE VU « Bl-h2c Limnogale mergulus Order Lesotho, South Africa XENARTHRA Aquatic Tenrec * Chlorotalpa tytonis Family BRADYPODmAE EN B1-I-2C Madagascar Somali Golden Mole CR * B1-H2C Bradypus torquatus Microgale dryas Somalia Maned Sloth CR " Bl-f2c " EN Alcd Madagascar Chrysochloris visagiei Brazil Visagie's Microgale gracilis Golden Mole CR » Bl+2c Family DASYFODmAE Gracile Shrew-tenrec VU " B1+2C South Africa Chaetophractus nationi Madagascar Chrysospalax trevelyani " Aid VU Microgale parvula Giant Golden Mole Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru Pygmy Shrew-tenrec EN * Bl+2c Chlamyphorus retusus EN * Bl+2c South Africa Greater Pichi Ciego Madagascar Chrysospalax villosus " VU Ale Microgale principula Rough-haired Golden Mole Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay Greater Long-tailed Shrew-tenrec VU •>< B1-H2C Chlamyphorus truncatus EN * B1-H2C South Africa Lesser Pichi Ciego Madagascar Cryptochloris wintoni " EN A 1 abed Microgale pulla De Winton's Golden Mole Argentina Dusky Shrew-tenrec VU " Bl-f2c * B1+2C Dasypus pilosus VU South Africa Madagascar VU " Bl-^2c Cryptochloris zyli Peru Microgale thomasi Golden Mole Thomas's Shrew-tenrec Van Zyl's Priodontes maximus CR * BI-I-2C VU " B1-H2C Giant Armadillo Madagascar South Africa EN " Alcd lamottei Eremitalpa granti Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Micropotamogale Grant's Golden Mole Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Nimba Otter-shrew * " B1-H2C Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, EN BU2c VU Uruguay, Venezuela Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia Namibia, South Africa Threatened Species

Family ERINACEIDAE Crocidura heccarii Crocidura grayi EN * B1+2C VU " Bl+2c Hylomys hainanensis Indonesia Philippines Hainan Gymnure EN * Bl+2c Crocidura bottegoides Crocidura greenwoodi " China VU " Bl+2c VU Bl+2c Ethiopia Somalia Hylomys parvus Dwarf Gymnure Crocidura caliginca Crocidura harenna « CR " Bl+2c CR * Bl+2c CR Bl+2c Ethiopia Indonesia Zaire Crocidura hispida Mesechinus hughi Crocidura canariensis Andaman Shrew Hugh's Hedgehog VU " B1+2C EN * Bl+2c VU " B1+2C Spain (Canary Is) India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) China Crocidura congobelgica Crocidura jenkinsii Podogymnura aureospinula VU " B1+2C CR * B1+2C Dinagat Moonrat Zaire India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) EN * Bl+2c Crocidura desperata Crocidura kivuana Philippines ^ CR Bl+2c VU » B1+2C Podogymnura truei Tanzania Mindanao Gymnure Zaire Crocidura dhofarensis EN * B1+2C Crocidura latona CR " Bl+2c Philippines VU " Bl+2c Oman Zaire Family SORICIDAE Crocidura eisentrauti Crocidura longipes Chimarrogale hantu CR " Bl+2c EN * B1+2C Malayan Water Shrew Cameroon Nigeria CR "* Bl+2c Crocidura elgonius Crocidura lucina Malaysia VU " B1+2C VU " Bl+2c Chimarrogale phaeura- Kenya, Tanzania Ethiopia Water Shrew Borneo Crocidura erica Crocidura ludia * EN Bl+2c VU " B1+2C VU " B1+2C Malaysia Angola Zaire Chimarrogale sumatrana Crocidura fischeri Crocidura macmillani Sumatra Water Shrew '" VU " B1+2C CR B1+2C " CR Bl+2c Kenya, Tanzania Ethiopia Indonesia Crocidura Jlavescens Crocidura macowi Congosorex polli '" VU " B1+2C CR Bl+2c CR " B1+2C South Africa Kenya Zaire Crocidura malayana Crocidura floweri Crocidura allex * B1+2C Flower's Shrew EN VU " B1+2C EN * B1+2C Malaysia Kenya, Tanzania Egypt Crocidura mindorus Crocidura andamanensis EN * Bl+2c Crocidura foxi EN * B1+2C Philippines VU " Bl+2c India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, Togo Crocidura miya Crocidura ansellorum Sri Lankan Long-tailed Shrew Crocidura fumosa CR " Bl+2c EN " BI+2C VU '- B1+2C Zambia Sri Lanka Kenya Crocidura attila Crocidura monax VU " B1+2C Crocidura glassi VU '« B1+2C » Cameroon, Central African Republic, VU Bl+2c Kenya, Tanzania Ethiopia Congo, Gabon, Zaire Crocidura negrina Crocidura baileyi Crocidura gracilipes CR " B1+2C " VU " B1+2C CR Bl+2c Philippines Kenya?, Tanzania Ethiopia Crocidura nicobarica Crocidura beatus Crocidura grandis Nicobar Shrew VU » B1+2C EN * Bl+2c EN " Bl+2c Philippines Philippines India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) Mammals ^

Crocidura orientalis Crocidura ultima Myosorex tenuis VU * D2 CR " Bl+2c VU " B1+2C Indonesia Kenya Mozambique?, South Africa

Crocidura orii Crocidura usambarae Paracrocidura graueri Orii's Shrew VU " B1+2C CR " B1+2C * EN B1+2C Tanzania Zaire Japan (Nansei-shoto) Crocidura wimmeri Ruwenzorisorex suncoides Crocidura osorio EN * Bl+2c VU " B1-H2C VU * D2 Cote d'lvoire Burundi, Uganda, Zaire (Canary Is) Spain Crocidura xantippe Solisorex pearsoni Crocidura patawanensis VU " Bl+2c Pearson's Long-clawed Shrew VU >" B1+2C Kenya, Tanzania EN « B1+2C Philippines Crocidura zimmeri Sri Lanka Crocidura paradoxura VU " B1+2C Sorex arizonae EN * B1+2C Zaire " Indonesia VU D2 Crocidura zimmermanni Mexico, USA Crocidura pergrisea VU " B1+2C Pale Grey Shrew Greece Sorex cansulus " Gansu Shrew VU B1+2C Cryptotis endersi CR " BI+2C India EN " Bl+3d China Crocidura phaeura Panama '" Bl+2c Sorex cylindricauda CR Cryptotis gracilis Greater Stripe-backed Shrew Ethiopia VU " B1+2C EN * Bl+2c Crocidura picea Costa Rica, Panama " China CR Bl+2c Cryptotis hondurensis Cameroon VU " B1+2C Sorex hosonoi Crocidura pitmani Honduras Azumi Shrew " VU » B1+2C VU B1+2C Feroculus feroculus Japan Zambia Kelaart's Long-clawed Shrew Crocidura polia EN * Bl+2c Sorex hydrodromus CR " Bl+2c Sri Lanka Pribilof Shrew * Zaire EN Bl+3d Myosorex blarina USA Crocidura raineyi VU " B1+2C CR '" Bl+2c Uganda, Zaire Sorex jacksoni St Lawrence Shrew Kenya Myosorex eisentrauti EN * Bl+3d Crocidura selina EN * Bl+2c USA EN * BI+2c Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) Uganda Myosorex geata Sorex kozlovi Crocidura stenocephala EN * Bl+2c Kozlov's Shrew * VU " B1+2C Tanzania CR Bl+2c China Zaire Myosorex longicaudatus [R. Dze-Chyu] Crocidura susiana Long-tailed Forest Shrew EN " BI+2c VU " Bl+2c Sorex leucogaster Iran South Africa Paramushir Shrew VU " B1+2C Crocidura tansaniana Myosorex okuensis Russia VU " BI+2C VU " Bl+2c Tanzania Cameroon Sorex milleri VU " D2 Crocidura telfordi Myosorex rumpii Mexico CR " BI+2C CR " Bl+2c Tanzania Cameroon Sorex sadonis Crocidura tenuis Myosorex schalleri Sado Shrew * VU « B1+2C CR " B1+2C EN B1+2C Indonesia Zaire Japan

Crocidura thomensis Myosorex sclateri Sorex sclateri VU " B1+2C VU " Bl+2c EN " Bl+3d Sao Tome & Pn'ncipe (Sao Tome) South Africa Mexico Threatened Species

Sorex sinalis Family TALPmAE Tupaia palawanensis Dusky Shrew Palawan Tree Shrew Desmana tnoschata " " B1+2C VU Bl+2c Russian Desman VU Philippines China VU » B1+2C Sorex stizodon Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine Urogale everetti " Philippine Tree Shrew EN Bl+3d Euroscaptor mizura '" B1+2C Mexico Japanese Mountain Mole VU Philippines Soriculus salenskii VU " B1+2C Salenski's Shrew Japan " B1+2C CR Euroscaptor parvidens Order DERMOPTERA China CR « Bl+2c Sudisorex norae Viet Nam Family CYNOCEPHALIDAE " VU B1+2C Galemys pyrenaicus Cynocephalus volans Kenya Pyrenean Desman Flying Lemur Sudisorex polulus VU "• B1+2C VU "- Alc+2c VU " B1+2C France, Portugal, Spain Philippines Kenya Mogera etigo Suncus ater EN * Bl+2c Order CHIROPTERA Black Shrew Japan CR '" Bl+2c Mogera tokudae Family PTEROPODroAE Malaysia Sado Mole Acerodon humilis EN * Bl+2c Suncus dayi Talaud Fruit Bat * Japan EN Bl+2c VU « A2c, D2 India Neoscaptor uchidai Indonesia Ryukyu Mole Suncus fellowsgordoni Acerodon jubatus " EN * Bl+2c EN B1+2C Golden-capped Fruit Bat Japan Sri Lanka EN « Alcd Suncus hosei Talpa streeti Philippines » Persian Mole VU B1+2C Acerodon leucotis CR " Bl+2c Malaysia VU « A2c Iran Suncus mertensi Philippines Floras Shrew Uropsilus investigator * Alionycteris paucidentata " B1+2C EN Bl+2c CR VU « Bl-(-2c China Indonesia Philippines Uropsilus soricipes Suncus montanus Aproteles bulmerae " Chinese Shrew-Mole VU Bl+2c Bulmer's Fruit Bat EN * B1+2C India, Sri Lanka '- China CR B1-I-2C Suncus remyi Papua New Guinea Dwarf Shrew Gabon Dobsonia beauforti " Order SCANDENTIA CR Bl+2c EN '- Bl-f2c Gabon Family TUPAIIDAE Indonesia Suncus zeylanicus Dendrogale melanura Dobsonia emersa " EN Bl+2c Bomean Smooth-tailed Tree Shrew VU '' D2 Sri Lanka VU " Bl+2c Indonesia Sylvisorex howelli Malaysia Dobsonia peronii » VU B1+2C Tupaia chrysogaster Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat Tanzania Golden-bellied Tree Shrew VU " Ale Sylvisorex isabella VU « Bl+2c Indonesia « VU Bl+2c Indonesia Epomophorus grandis Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea Tupaia longipes Lesser Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat (Bioko) Bomean Tree Shrew EN « Bl+2c Sylvisorex morio EN * B1-I-2C Angola, Congo » Bl+2c Indonesia EN Epomops buettikoferi Cameroon Tupaia nicobarica Buettikofer's Epauletted Fruit Bat Sylvisorex oriundus Nicobar Tree Shrew VU « A2c VU " B1+2C EN " B1-I-2C Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Zaire India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone Mammals 'n

Haplonycteris fischeri Nyctimene rabori Pteropus mariannus Fischer's Pygmy Fruit Bat Philippines Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Marianas Flying-fox VU '- Ale OR « A2c EN « AIcd+2ede Philippines Philippines Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Japan (Nansei-shoto), Latidens salimalii Otopteropus cartilagonodus Northern Marianas, Palau CR'- Bl+2c, Dl VU « A2c India Philippines Pteropus molossinus Pohnpei Flying-fox Megaerops kusnotoi Plerotes anchietae CR '= Bl+2ce Javan Tail-less Fruit Bat d'Anchieta's Fruit Bat Federated States of Micronesia VU « D2 VU « A2c Indonesia Angola, Zaire, Zambia Pteropus niger Greater Mascarene Flying-fox Melonycteris aurantius Pteralopex acrodonta « VU '- Ald-K2cd Orange Fruit Bat OR Ale, Bl+2c Mauritius VU « A2c, D2 Fiji Solomon Islands Pteralopex anceps Pteropus nitendiensis « OR « Ale VU D2 Melonycteris fardoulisi Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Solomon Islands VU « A2c Solomon Islands Pteralopex atrata Pteropus ocularis Cusp-toothed Fruit Bat Seram Fruit Bat Micropteropus intermedius OR « Ale VU « D2 Hayman's Epauletted Fruit Bat Solomon Islands Indonesia VU « D2 Angola, Zaire Pteralopex pulchra Pteropus ornatus CR « Ale VU « A2c Myonycteris brachycephala Solomon Islands New Caledonia Sao Tome Collared Fruit Bat VU " B1+2C Pteropus dasymallus Pteropus phaeocephalus Mortlock Islands Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) Ryukyu Flying-fox Flying-fox EN ' Alee CR " Bl+2e Myonycteris relicta Japan (Nansei-shoto), Taiwan (ex) Federated States of Micronesia East African Collared Fruit Bat VU « A2c Pteropus faunulus Pteropus pohlei "- Kenya, Tanzania VU Bl+2e Geelvink Bay Fruit Bat India (Andaman & Nieobar Is) VU '- Bl+2c Neopteryx frosti Pteropus fundatus Indonesia Small-toothed Fruit Bat '- VU « A2cd VU Bl+2c Pteropus pselaphon Vanuatu Bonin Fruit Bat Indonesia « Pteropus gilliardi VU CI Notopteris macdonaldii Gilliard's Flying-fox Japan (Kazan-retto, Long-tailed Fruit Bat VU " D2 Ogasawara-gunto) VU « Hli Papua New Guinea Pteropus pumilus Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu Pteropus howensis Little Golden-mantled Flying-fox Nyctimene celaeno « VU « Bl+2e VU A2c VU « B1+2C Indonesia, Philippines Solomon Islands Indonesia Pteropus insularis Pteropus rodricensis Nyctimene draconilla Chunk Flying-fox Rodrigues Flying-fox « '- VU B1+2C CR « Alcd CR Bl-H3d Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Federated States of Micronesia Mauritius (Rodrigues) Nyctimene malaitensis Pteropus leucopterus Pteropus samoensis Malaita Tube-nosed Bat EN « A2e Samoa Flying-fox " « VU D2 Philippines VU Ald+2d Solomon Islands American Samoa, Fiji, Western Pteropus livingstonii Samoa Nyctimene masalai Comoro Black Flying-fox « '- Pteropus sanctacrucis VU D2 CR A 1 e+2cd, B 1 +2c, C2a Papua New Guinea Comoros VU '- B1-H2C Solomon Islands Nyctimene minutus Pteropus mahaganus Lesser Tube-nosed Bat Lesser Flying-fox Pteropus speciosus VU « D2 VU « B1-I-2C VU "- A2ed Indonesia Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Indonesia, Philippines Threatened Species

Pteropus tuberculatus Emballonura semicaudata Hipposideros demissus VU *- BI+2C EN « A2c VU « A2c, D2 Solomon Islands American Samoa, Federated States Solomon Islands of Micronesia, Fiji, Palau, Westem Pteropus voeltzkowi Hipposideros durgadasi Samoa Pemba Flying-fox VU « Bl+2c, D2 CR « C2a Saccolaimus mixtus India " A2c Tanzania VU Hipposideros inexpectatus Australia, Papua New Guinea Rousettus madagascariensis VU « A2c Madagascar Rousette Taphozous achates Indonesia " VU "= D2 VU D2 Hipposideros marisae Madagascar Indonesia VU « A2c Rousettus spinalatus Taphozous hamiltoni Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia « A2c VU « C2a VU Hipposideros muscinus Chad, Kenya, Sudan Indonesia, Malaysia VU « D2 Taphozous hildergardeae Papua Syconycteris carolinae New Guinea VU « A2c VU '- B1+2C Hipposideros nequam Kenya, Tanzania Indonesia CR '- Bl+2c Taphozous kapalgensis Malaysia Syconycteris hobbit VU « A2c Moss-forest Blossom Bat Hipposideros papua Australia VU « Bl+2c Geelvinck Bay Leaf-nosed Bat Papua New Guinea Taphozous troughtoni VU « A2c CR « Alac, Bl+2abcde, Dl Indonesia Family RHINOPOMATIDAE Australia Hipposideros ridleyi Rhinopoma hadithaensis Family NYCTERTOAE Ridley's Leaf-nosed Bat VU « Bl+2c, D2 VU " Bl+2c Nycterisjavanica Iraq Malaysia, Singapore VU « Ale macinnesi Hipposideros turpis Rhinopoma Indonesia VU *- A2c, D2 EN '- A2c Nycteris major Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia Japan (Nansei-shoto), Thailand VU « A2c, D2 Paracoelops megalotis Family CRASEONYCTERmAE Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, CR '- Bl+2c Zaire Craseonycteris thonglongyai Viet Nam Nycteris vinsoni Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat Rhinolophus capensis « CR '- B1+2C EN Bl+2c,C2b VU '= A2c, D2 Mozambique Thailand Mozambique, South Africa, Family MEGADERMATmAE Zimbabwe Family EMBALLONURmAE Rhinolophus Macroderma gigas cognatus Balantiopteryx infusca '- Ghost Bat VU A2c, D2 EN '- Bl-h2c VU « A2c India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) Ecuador Australia Rhinolophus euryale Coleura seychellensis VU « A2c Family RHDVOLOPHIDAE Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and CR '= Bl+2cde,C2b, Dl Anthops ornatus Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Seychelles VU '= A2c, D2 Cyprus, Egypt, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Diclidurus ingens Solomon Islands Macedonia, Morocco, Portugal, VU " A2c Asellia patrizii Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela « VU A2c, D2 Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Emballonura atrata Eritrea, Ethiopia Ukraine, Yugoslavia VU '- A2c Hipposideros breviceps Rhinolophus hipposideros Madagascar VU '- D2 VU « A2c Emballonura dianae Indonesia Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, VU « A2c Hipposideros corynophyllus Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands VU '- A2c, D2 Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Emballonura furax Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Greater Sheath-tailed Bat Hipposideros coxi India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, VU *- A2c, D2 VU « D2 Jordan, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Papua New Guinea Malaysia Macedonia, Morocco, Poland,

10 Mammals *n

Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Choeroniscus periosus Scleronycteris ega Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, VU « D2 VU " A2c, D2 Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Colombia, Ecuador Brazil, Venezuela United Kingdom, Yugoslavia Leptonycteris curasoae Stenoderma rufum Rhinolophus imaizumii VU « Alcd VU ' Alcd « EN A2c, Bl+2abcde Aruba, Colombia, El Salvador, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British) Japan (Nansei-shoto) Guatemala, Mexico, Netherlands Sturnira nana Rhinolophus keyensis Antilles, USA, Venezuela VU « D2 EN '- C2a Leptonycteris nivalis Peru Indonesia Big Long-nosed Bat Sturnira thomasi Rhinolophus mehelyi EN *- Alcd EN « Bl+2c VU *- A2c Guatemala?, Mexico, USA Guadeloupe Afghanistan, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Lonchophylla bokermanni Tonatia carrikeri Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, VU « A2c VU « A2c Croatia, Egypt, France, Greece, Iran, Brazil Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Israel, Italy, Libya, Macedonia, Iraq, Suriname, Venezuela Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Lonchophylla dekeyseri Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, VU « A2c Tonatia schulzi « Yugoslavia Brazil VU A2c Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname Rhinolophus paradoxolophus Lonchophylla handleyi Vampyressa brocki VU « B1+2C VU « A2c, D2 « Thailand, Viet Nam Colombia, Ecuador, Peru VU D2 Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Suriname Rhinolophus rex Lonchophylla hesperia VU « B1+2C VU '- A2c, D2 Family NATALIDAE China Ecuador, Peru Natalus tumidifrons Rhinolophus subrufus Lonchorhina fernandezi VU « D2 VU « A2c VU « A2c Bahamas Philippines Venezuela Family FURXPTERTOAE Rhinonicteris aurantia Lonchorhina marinkellei Amorphockilus schnablii Orange Leaf-nosed Bat VU '- A2c VU " A2c VU « Ale Colombia Chile, Ecuador (Galapagos Is), Peru Australia Macrotus californicus Family THYROPTERTOAE Triaenops furculus VU '- A2c '- VU A2c Mexico, USA Thyroptera lavali Madagascar ' Micronycteris behnii VU Bl+2c,D2 Peru Family MORMOOPIDAE VU « A2c Brazil, Peru Family MYZOPODmAE Pteronotus macleayi pusilla VU "'- A2c Micronycteris Myzopoda aurita « Cuba, Jamaica VU A2c Sucker-footed Bat Brazil, Colombia VU « A2c Family PHYLLOSTOMIDAE Musonycteris harrisoni Madagascar « A2c Ariteus flavescens VU Family VESPERTILIONmAE VU « A2c, D2 Mexico Antrozous dubiaquercus Jamaica Phyllonycteris aphylla VU *- A2c, D2 Jamaican Flower Bat Artibeus fraterculus Costa Rica, Honduras, « Belize, VU « A2c EN Bl+2c Mexico Ecuador, Peru Jamaica Barbastella barbastellus Artibeus hirsutus Platalina genovensium VU « A2c '- VU « A2cd VU D2 Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Mexico Pern Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Chiroderma doriae Platyrrhinus chocoensis France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, VU « A2c, D2 VU " A2c, D2 Latvia, Lithuania, Colombia Italy, Brazil Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Chiroderma improvisum Platyrrhinus recifinus Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, EN « A2c,Bl+2c VU ' A2c, D2 Poland, Portugal, Romania, Guadeloupe, Montserrat Brazil Senegal?, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain

11 Threatened Species

(Canary Is), Sweden, Switzerland, Lasiurus castaneus Myotis dominicensis Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, VU « D2 VU « A2c, D2 Yugoslavia Costa Rica, French Guiana, Panama Dominica, Guadeloupe

Chalinolobus alboguttatus Lasiurus ebenus Myotis emarginatus « VU D2 VU « Bl+2c, D2 VU « A2c Cameroon, Zaire Brazil Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Chalinolobus dwyeri Miniopterus fuscus Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and VU « A2c VU « A2c Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Australia Japan (Nansei-shoto) Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Miniopterus robustior Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, EN « B1+2C EN « Bl+2c Lebanon, Macedonia, Morocco, New Caledonia New Caledonia Netherlands, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Chalinolobus superbus Murina grisea Slovakia, Slovenia, VU « D2 EN « B1+2C Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Zaire India Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Eptesicus demissus Murina puta Yugoslavia VU « A2c VU « A2c Myotis findleyi Thailand Taiwan EN '- Bl+2c Eptesicus guadaloupensis Murina ussuriensis Mexico « A2c EN '- B1+2C EN Myotis grisescens Guadeloupe North Korea, Russia, South Korea Grey Bat Myotis aelleni Eptesicus innoxius EN « Ale « A2c, D2 VU « A2c VU USA Argentina Ecuador (Galapagos Is), Peru Myotis leseuri Myotis atacamensis Eptesicus nasutus "- VU « A2c, D2 VU A2c, D2 VU ^= A2c South Africa Chile, Peru Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Myotis morrisi Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen Myotis bechsteini « VU "= A2c VU D2 Eptesicus platyops Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Ethiopia, Nigeria, Zaire VU « D2 Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal Myotis peninsularis Czech Republic, France, Germany, VU « Alcd Hesperoptenus doriae Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Mexico EN *- Bl+2c Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Malaysia Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Myotis pruinosus Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, EN « Bl+2c Hesperoptenus gaskelli United Kingdom, Yugoslavia Japan VU « Bl+2c Myotis capaccinii Indonesia Myotis ruber Long-fingered Bat VU « A2c Histiotus alienus VU '- A2c Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay VU « A2c Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Uruguay Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Myotis scotti Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, « Kerivoula agnella VU A2c, D2 VU " D2 Lebanon, Macedonia, Morocco, Ethiopia Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, Papua New Guinea Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia Myotis seabrai VU « A2c, D2 Kerivoula eriophora Myotis cobanensis « Angola, Namibia, South Africa VU D2 CR « Bl+2c Ethiopia Guatemala Myotis sicarius '- Kerivoula muscina Myotis dasycneme VU A2c, D2 VU •- D2 Pond Bat India, Nepal Papua New Guinea VU « A2c Myotis sodalis Kerivoula myrella Austria, Belarus, Belgium, China, Indiana Bat VU *- A2c Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EN « Ale France, Germany, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Hungary, USA Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Laephotis namibensis Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Myotis stalkeri EN '- A2c Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, EN « Bl+2c Namibia Switzerland, Ukraine Indonesia

12 Mammals %

Myotis vivesi Plecotus townsendii Mormopterus phrudus VU « A2c Townsend's Big-eared Bat EN « Bl+2c Mexico VU « A2c Peru Canada, Mexico, USA Myotis yesoensis Otomops formosus VU « A2c Scotophilus borbonicus Javan Mastiff Bat Japan CR « Ale VU « A2c Madagascar, Reunion Nyctalus azoreum Indonesia VU « A2c, Bl+2c, D2 Tomopeas ravus Otomops johnstonei *- Portugal (Azores) VU A2c,D2 VU « D2 Peru Indonesia Nyctophilus heran EN " Bl+2c Vespertilio orientalis Otomops martiensseni « A2c, Indonesia VU D2 VU « A2c China, Japan, Taiwan Angola, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nyctophilus microdon Madagascar, Rwanda, South Africa, « Family MYSTACINIDAE VU D2 Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Papua New Guinea Mystacina tuberculata Zambia, Zimbabwe Nyctophilus timoriensis New Zealand Lesser Short-tailed Bat Otomops papuensis « VU « A2c VU A2c, C2a VU « D2 Australia, Indonesia, Papua New • New Zealand Papua New Guinea Guinea Family MOLOSSIDAE Otomops secundus Pharotis imogene VU '- D2 Chaerephon gallagheri CR ' Bl+2c,C2b Papua New Guinea CR '- B1-I-2C Papua New Guinea Zaire Otomops wroughtoni Pipistrellus anchietai Wroughton's Free-tailed Bat Chaerephon pusilla VU « A2c CR '- B1-I-2C VU '- Dl+2 Angola, Zaire, Zambia India Seychelles Tadarida lobata Pipistrellus anthonyi Chaerephon tomensis •- VU '= D2 CR Bl+2c VU *- A2c, D2 Kenya, Zimbabwe Myanmar Sao Tome & Principe Pipistrellus arabicus Eumops maurus Order PRIMATES VU « D2 VU '- A2c, D2 Oman Guyana, Suriname Family CHEIROGALEIDAE Pipistrellus cuprosus Molossops aequatorianus Allocebus trichotis VU « A2c VU ^- A2c, D2 Hairy-eared Dwarf Lemur Malaysia Ecuador CR '" Ale, Bl-l-2abc Pipistrellus joffrei Molossops neglectus Madagascar CR « Bl+2c EN *- B1-H2C Microcebus myoxinus Myanmar Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela VU '" Bl+2abc Pipistrellus maderensis Mops niangarae Madagascar « CR "= Bl+2c VU A2c, Bl+2c Mirza coquereli Zaire Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Is) Coquerel's Mouse-lemur Mormopterus acetabulosus Pipistrellus mckenziei VU '" A2cd, Bl-h2abc « VU « A2c VU B1+2C Madagascar Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mauritius, Australia Reunion, South Africa Family LEMURTOAE Pipistrellus sturdeei Mormopterus doriae Eulemur coronatus EN « B1+2C VU « A2c Crowned Lemur Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Indonesia VU "" Alcd, Bl-h2bc Plecotus rafinesquii Mormopterus jugularis Madagascar VU « A2c VU « A2c Eulemur macaco USA Madagascar Black Lemur Plecotus taivanus Mormopterus kalinowskii VU " Alcd VU « A2c VU « A2c, D2 Madagascar Taiwan Chile, Pera Eulemur mongoz Plecotus teneriffae Mormopterus minutus Mongoose Lemur VU « A2c, D2 VU « A2c VU '" Alc,C2a Spain (Canary Is) Cuba Comoros, Madagascar

13 Threatened Species

Eulemur rubriventer Family LORTOAE Saguinus oedipus Red-bellied Lemur Cotton-top Tamarin Loris tardigradus VU '" A2c '" Bl+2abcde, C2a Slender Loris EN Madagascar Colombia VU '" Alcd Hapalemur aureus India, Sri Lanka Family CEBIDAE Golden Bamboo Lemur Nycticebus pygmaeus " CR A2cd Pygmy Loris Alouatta fusca Madagascar VU '" Alcd Brown Howler Hapalemur simus Cambodia?, China, Laos, Viet Nam VU '" Ale Broad-nosed Gentle Lemur Argentina, Brazil Family '" CALLITRICHmAE CR A2cd Aotus brumbacki Madagascar Callimico goeldii Brumback's Night Monkey Goeldi's Marmoset Lemur catta VU '" B1+2C VU '" Ale Ring-tailed Lemur Colombia Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru VU '« Ale CallUhrix aurUa Aotus lemurinus Madagascar '" Buffy-tufted-ear Marmoset VU B1+2C Varecia variegata EN '" Bl-H2abcde,C2a Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama Ruffed Lemur Brazil Aotus miconax EN " Alcd Andean Night Madagascar CallUhrix chrysoleuca Monkey Golden-white Tassel-ear Marmoset VU '" Ale, B1-I-2C Family MEGALADAPIDAE VU '" B1-H2C Peru Brazil Lepilemur dorsalis Ateles belzebuth CallUhrix flaviceps Grey-backed Sportive Lemur Long-haired Spider Monkey Buffy-headed Marmoset '" VU '" A2cd, Bl+2c VU Ale '" Bl-H2abcde,C2a Madagascar EN Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil Venezuela Lepilemur septentrionalis CallUhrix geoffroyi Northern Sportive Lemur Ateles fusciceps Geoffrey's Tufted-ear Marmoset VU '" A2cd Brown-headed Spider Monkey VU '" Bl-h2b, C2a Madagascar VU '•" Ale, Bl+2abede Brazil Colombia, Ecuador, Panama Family INDRTOAE CallUhrix leucippe Ateles marginatus VU '« B1-I-2C Avahi occidentalis EN '" Bl-H2abcde Brazil VU '" A2cd Brazil Madagascar CallUhrix nigriceps Black-headed Marmoset Brachyteles arachnoides Iitdri indri VU '" B1-H2C Muriqui '" Indri Brazil EN Bl+2abcde, C2a EN '" A1C-I-2C Brazil LeontopUhecus caissara Madagascar Black-faced Lion Tamarin Brachyteles hypoxanthus PropUhecus diadema CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a, Dl EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a Diademed Sifaka Brazil Brazil " Alcd EN LeontopUhecus chrysomelas Madagascar Cacajao calvus Golden-headed Lion Tamarin Bald Uakari '" PropUhecus tattersalli EN Bl-H2abcde,C2a VU •« Ale Golden-crowned Sifaka Brazil Brazil, Colombia, Peru '" CR A2c, Bl+2bcd LeontopUhecus chrysopygus Callicebus dubius Madagascar Golden-rumped Lion Tamarin VU '« B1+2C PropUhecus verreauxi CR '" Bl+2abcde, C2a Brazil Verreaux's Sifaka Brazil " VU A2cd LeontopUhecus rosalia Callicebus oenanthe Madagascar Golden Lion Tamarin Andean Titi Monkey '" CR "" Bl-^2abcde, C2a VU B1-H2C Family DAUBENTONIIDAE Brazil Peru Daubentonm madagascariensis Saguinus leucopus Callicebus personatus Aye-aye White-footed Tamarin Masked Titi EN '" A2cd, C2a VU '" Ale, Bl-h2c,C2a VU '" Ale Madagascar Colombia Brazil

14 Mammals *n

Cebus kaapori Macaca arctoides Presbytis comata Ka'apor Capuchin Monkey Stumptail Macaque Grizzled Leaf Monkey VU '" Ale, Bl+2c VU '" A led EN '« Alc,C2a Brazil Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Cebus xanthosternos Presbytis potenziani Viet Nam CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a Mentawai Leaf Monkey Brazil Macaca assamensis VU '" A1C-I-2C Assamese Macaque Lagothrix flavicauda Indonesia VU '« A led Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey Pygathrix nemaeus Bhutan, China, India, Laos, CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a Douc Monkey Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam Peru EN '" A led Macaca brunnescens Saimiri oerstedii Cambodia, China, Laos, Viet Nam Muna-buton Macaque Central American Squirrel Monkey VU '" CI Rhinopithecus avunculus EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a Indonesia Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Costa Rica, Panama CR '" C1,E Macaca cyclopis Saimiri vanzolinii Viet Nam Taiwan Macaque Blackish Squirrel Monkey '" Rhinopithecus bieti '» Bl+2c,C2a VU A led VU Snub-nosed Japan [int], Taiwan Yunnan Monkey Brazil EN '" C2a Macaca fuscata Family CERCOPITHECIDAE China Japanese Macaque Cercopithecus diana EN '" A2ed Rhinopithecus brelichi Diana Monkey Japan Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkey '« EN '" C2b VU Alc+2c Macaca maura China Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Moor Macaque Liberia, Sierra Leone EN '" A led Rhinopithecus roxellana Cercopithecus erythrogaster Indonesia Golden Snub-nosed Monkey White-throated Monkey VU '« C2a Macaca nemestrina VU "" Ale China, India? Pig-tailed Macaque Benin, Nigeria VU '« A led Simias concolor Cercopithecus erythrotis Brunei?, China, Indonesia, Laos, Pig-tailed Snub-nosed Monkey Red-eared Guenon Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore [int], EN '" Aled+2c VU '" Ale Thailand, Viet Nam Indonesia Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Macaca nigra Trachypithecus auratus Nigeria Celebes Black Macaque VU '" Ale Cercopithecus preussi EN '« Alaed Indonesia Preuss's Monkey Indonesia Trachypithecus delacouri EN "" Aled-i-2e Macaca pagensis White-rumped Black Lemur Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Mentawai Macaque "" Nigeria CR Aid, C2a '" CR Alcd+2e Viet Nam Cercopithecus sclateri Indonesia Sclater's Guenon Trachypithecus francoisi Macaca silenus EN '« B1+2C Frangois' Ixaf Monkey Lion-tailed Macaque Nigeria VU '" Alcd-H2ed, C2a '« EN C2a China, Laos, Viet Nam Cercopithecus solatus India Sun-tailed Monkey Trachypithecus johnii sylvanus VU "" Bl+2a, CI Macaca Nilgiri Leaf Monkey Gabon Barbary Macaque VU '" Aid VU '" Ale, CI Colobus satanas India Algeria, Gibraltar [int], Morocco Black Colobus Trachypithecus pileatus VU '" Ale Mandrillus leucophaeus VU '" A2c Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Drill Bangladesh, China?, India, Myanmar '" Guinea, Gabon EN Alacd+2ed, Cl+2a poliocephalus Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Trachypithecus Colobus vellerosus '« Nigeria EN A2c,C2a White-thighed Black-and-white Viet Nam Colobus Nasalis larvatus VU '" Ale+2c Proboscis Monkey Trachypithecus vetulus '" "" Ale Benin, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, VU A2c VU Nigeria, Togo Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Sri Lanka

15 Threatened Species

Family HYLOBATIDAE Cuon alpinus Neofelis nebulosa Dhole Clouded Leopard Hylobates concolor VU " C2a VU " Alcd Black Gibbon Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Bangladesh (ex?), Bhutan, Brunei, '" C2a EN Alcd, China, India, Indonesia, Cambodia?, China, India, Indonesia, Cambodia, China, Viet Nam Kazaklistan?, Kyrgyzstan?, Laos, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Hylobates klossii Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Taiwan (ex?), Nam Nepal, North Korea?, Russia, South Mentawai Gibbon Oncifelis guigna Korea?, Tajikistan?, Thailand, VU '" Alc+2c Kodkod Uzbekistan?, Viet Nam Indonesia VU " C2a Hylobates molocfi Lycaon pictus Argentina, Chile Silvery Gibbon African Wild Dog Oreailurus jacobita '« EN '" CI CR Alc,C2a Andean Cat Algeria (ex?), Angola, Benin (ex?), Indonesia VU * C2a Botswana, Burkina Faso (ex?), Hylobates pileatus Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru Burundi (ex?), Cameroon, Central Pileated Gibbon African Republic, Chad, Congo Panthera leo VU '" Alcd+2cd (ex?). Cote d'lvoire (ex?), Eritrea Lion Cambodia, Laos, Thailand Ethiopia, Gabon (ex?), (ex?), VU " Alcd Gambia (ex?), Ghana (ex?), Guinea Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina (ex?), Kenya, Malawi, Mali (ex?), Family HOMINffiAE Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Mozambique, Namibia, Niger (ex?), African Republic, Chad, Congo, Gorilla gorilla Nigeria (ex?), Rwanda (ex), Senegal, Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gorilla Sierra Leone (ex?), Somalia, South Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, '" Africa, Sudan, Swaziland (ex?), EN A2cd Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, African Tanzania, Togo (ex?), Uganda (ex?), Angola, Cameroon, Central Mauritania (ex?), Mozambique, Zaire (ex?), Zambia, Zimbabwe Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Rwanda, Uganda, Gabon, Nigeria, Speothos venaticus Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Zaire Bush Dog Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Pan paniscus VU " C2a Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Pygmy Chimpanzee Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Panthera tigris '" EN A2cd Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Tiger Zaire Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Pern, EN " A2cd Suriname, Venezuela Pan troglodytes Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Chimpanzee China, India, Indonesia, Laos, EN '" A2cd Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Korea (ex?), Russia, Thailand, Family FELmAE Republic, Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Viet Nam Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia Acinonyxjubatus Prionailurus planiceps [re-int], Ghana, Guinea, Cheetah Flat-headed Cat Guinea-Bissau (ex?), Liberia, Mali, VU " Ald-H2d,Cl VU « A2c Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Afghanistan (ex), Algeria, Angola, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Thailand Zaire Myanmar?, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Uncia uncia Pongo pygmaeus Chad, Egypt (ex?), Ethiopia, India Snow Leopard Orang-utan (ex), Iran, Jordan (ex), Kenya, Libya, " VU '•» Alcd, CI Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, EN C2a Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Nigeria, Pakistan (ex), Saudi Arabia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, (ex), Senegal (ex?), Somalia, South Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uzbekistan Order CARNIVORA Africa, Togo, Uganda, Westem Sahara Family HERPESTIDAE Family CANIDAE (ex?), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Canis rufus Catopuma badia Bdeogale jacksoni Red Wolf Bay Cat Jackson's Mongoose " '' CR '" Dl VU C2a VU B1+2C USA Indonesia, Malaysia Kenya, Uganda Canis simensis Lynx pardinus Galidictis fasciata Ethiopian Wolf Iberian Lynx Broad-striped Mongoose CR " Alb-H2be,Cl,E EN " CI VU '" Alcd-i-2cd Ethiopia Portugal, Spain Madagascar

16 Mammals 'n

Galidictis grandidieri Mustela lutreola Phocarctos hookeri Giant-striped Mongoose European Mink Hooker's Sea Lion EN '" Bl+3b EN '" Alace VU '» D2 Madagascar Belarus, Estonia, Finland (ex?). New Zealand (Auckland Is) France, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania [Pacific (southwest)] Liberiictis kuhni (ex), Poland (ex?), Romania, Russia, Liberian Mongoose Spain Family PHOCmAE EN '" B1+2C Monachus monachus Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia Mustela lutreolina Mediterranean Monk Seal Indonesian Mountain Weasel » Mungotictis decemlineata EN '" B1-I-2C CR C2a Narrow-striped Mongoose Indonesia Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus VU '" Bl+2c (ex?), Greece, Italy, Lebanon (ex?), Madagascar Mustela strigidorsa Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Back-striped Weasel Portugal (Desertas Is, Madeira), '" Salanoia concolor VU C2a Spain (Canary Is (ex?), Chafarinas Brown-tailed Mongoose Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Is), Syria (ex?), Tunisia, Turkey, VU '" B1-H2C Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Western Sahara, Yugoslavia Madagascar [Atlantic (eastern central), Mydaus marchei Mediterranean and Black Sea] Palawan Stink Badger Family MUSTELIDAE Monachus VU '" Bl+2c schauinslandi Hawaiian Monk Seal Gulo gulo Philippines '" C2a Wolverine EN Pteronura brasiliensis USA (Hawaiian Is) VU '" A2c Giant Otter [Pacific (eastern central, northwest)] Canada, Estonia, Finland, Mongolia, VU '=' A2cd Norway, Russia, Sweden, USA Phoca caspica Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Caspian Seal Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Lutrafelina VU '" Bl+2e Marine Otter Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, '=' Uruguay (ex?), Venezuela EN A led Russia, Turkmenistan Argentina, Chile, Peru Family PROCYONIDAE Lutra perspiciUata Smooth-coated Otter Family OTARimAE Bassaricyon lasius "^ VU '-' A2cd EN Dl Arctocephalus galapagoensis Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Costa Rica Galapagos Fur Seal China, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Laos, Bassaricyon pauli VU '" A2d Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, EN '" Dl Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Pakistan, Thailand, Viet Nam Panama [Pacific (southeast)] Lutra provocax Nasua nelsoni Southern River Otter Arctocephalus philippii Cozumel Island Coati VU '" A2cd Juan Fernandez Fur Seal EN '" Dl '" D2 Argentina, Chile VU Mexico Chile (Juan Fernandez Is) Procyon insularis Lutra sumatrana [Pacific (southeast)] '" Dl Hairy-nosed Otter EN Arctocephalus townsendi Mexico VU '" A2cd Guadalupe Fur Seal Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos?, Procyon maynardi '" Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, VU D2 EN "' C2a Viet Nam Mexico, USA Bahamas [Pacific (eastern central)] Martes gwatkinsii Procyon minor Callorhinus ursinus '" Nilgiri Marten EN C2b VU '" B1+2C Northern Fur Seal Guadeloupe '" India VU Alb Procyon pygmaeus Canada, Japan, Russia, USA Cozumel Island Raccoon Melogale everetti [Pacific (eastern central, northeast, EN '" C2a Kinabalu Ferret-badger northwest)] Mexico VU '" B1-H2C Eumetopias jubatus Malaysia Family URSffiAE Steller's Sea Lion Mustela felipei EN '" Alb Ailuropoda melanoleuca Colombian Weasel Canada, Japan?, Russia, USA Giant Panda " EN '" Bl-H2ce [Pacific (eastern central, northeast, EN BI+2c,C2a Colombia, Ecuador northwest)] China

17 Threatened Species

AHums fulgens Paradoxurus jerdoni Megaptera novaeangliae Lesser Panda Jerdon's Palm Civet Humpback Whale EN '" C2a VU '" B1+2C VU " Alad Bhutan, China, India, Laos, India [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (Antarctic, Myanmar, Nepal eastern central, northeast, northwest, Viverra civettina southeast, southwest, westem Melursus ursinus '" CR C2a central), Indian Ocean Sloth Bear (Antarctic, India eastern, westem), VU " A2cd,Cl+2a Mediterranean and Black Sea, Pacific (Antarctic, eastem Bangladesh, Bhutan?, India, Nepal, central, northeast, northwest, Sri Lanka southeast, southwest, westem Tremarctos ornatus Order CETACEA central)] Spectacled Bear Family DELPHINIDAE VU " A2bc Family BALAENTOAE Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Cephalorhynchus hectori Panama?, Peru, Venezuela Eubalaena glacialis Hector's Dolphin " Ursus thibetanus Northern Right Whale VU Alad " Asiatic Black Bear EN C1,D1 New Zealand VU " Alcd [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (northeast, [Pacific (southwest)] northwest, western central), Pacific Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Family MONODONXroAE Cambodia, China, India, Iran, Japan, (eastern central, northeast, Laos, Malaysia?, Mongolia, northwest)] Delphinapterus leucas Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, White Whale Pakistan, Russia, South Korea, VU *' Alabd Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Family BALAENOPTERroAE USA Family VrVERRffiAE [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (northeast, Balaenoptera Chrotogale owstoni borealis northwest). Pacific (northeast, Sei Whale Owston's Palm Civet northwest)] " Alabd VU '" Alcd EN [Atlantic (Antarctic, Family PHOCOENIDAE China, Laos, Viet Nam eastern central, northeast, northwest, southeast, Phocoena phocoena Cryptoprocta ferox southwest, western central), Indian Harbour Porpoise Fossa Ocean (Antarctic, eastern, western), VU " Alcd VU '" Bl+2e Mediterranean and Black Sea, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Madagascar Pacific (Antarctic, eastern central, Verde, China?, Denmark, Faeroe Cynogale bennettii northeast, northwest, southeast, Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Otter-civet southwest, western central)] Germany, Greenland, Iceland, EN "'• Alee, C2a Ireland, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico, Balaenoptera musculus Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Morocco, Netherlands, North Korea, Blue Whale Singapore?, Thailand, Viet Nam Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, " EN Alabd Russia, Senegal, South Korea, Spain, Diplogale hosei [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (Antarctic, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, USA, Hose's Palm Civet eastern central, northeast, northwest, Ukraine, United Kingdom VU '" Bl+2c southeast, southwest, western [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (eastern central, Malaysia central), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, northeast, northwest), Mediterranean Eupleres goudotii eastern, western), Mediterranean and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem Falanouc and Black Sea (western central). central, northeast, northwest)] EN '" Bl+2c Pacific (Antarctic, eastern central, Phocoena sinus Madagascar northeast, northwest, southeast, Vaquita southwest)] •" Fossa fossa CR C2b Mexico Malagasy Civet Balaenoptera physalus '" [Pacific (eastem central)] VU B1+2C Fin Whale Madagascar EN *' Alabd Family PHYSETERmAE Genetta cristata [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (Antarctic, Physeter catodon Crested Genet eastern central, northeast, northwest, Sperm Whale EN '" Bl+2c southeast, southwest, westem VU " Albd Cameroon, Nigeria central), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, eastern, westem), Mediterranean and [Atlantic (Antarctic, eastem central, Macrogalidia musschenbroekii Black Sea, Pacific (Antarctic, eastern northeast, northwest, southeast, Sulawesi Palm Civet central, northeast, northwest, southwest, westem central), Indian '" VU A2c southeast, southwest, western Ocean (Antarctic, eastem, westem), Indonesia central)] Mediterranean and Black Sea,

18 Mammals 'n

Pacific (Antarctic, eastern central, Trichechus manatus Equus hemionus northeast, northwest, southeast, Caribbean Manatee VU " A2c '" southwest, western central)] VU A2d China, India, Iran, Israel [re-int], Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Family PLATANISTIDAE Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan [re-int] Republic, French Guiana, Equus zebra Inia geoffrensis Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Mountain Zebra Honduras, Jamaica, Boto Mexico, EN " Alb "' Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, VU Alcd Angola, Namibia, South Africa Suriname, Trinidad Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Tobago, Venezuela Guyana?, Peru, Venezuela USA, Family TAPIREDAE [Atlantic (northwest, southwest, [R. Amazon, R. Orinoco] westem central)] Tapirus bairdii Lipotes vexillifer Central American Tapir Trichechus senegalensis '" Baiji VU Alabcd+2bce,C2a African Manatee " Albc,C2b, Dl Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, CR VU '" Alcd China Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Angola, Benin (ex?), Cameroon, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama [R. Yangtze] Chad, Congo, Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Tapirus indicus Platanista gangetica Ghana, Guinea?, Guinea-Bissau?, Malayan Tapir Ganges River Dolphin '" Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, VU Alc+2c, B2cd+3a, Cl+2b EN " Alacd Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal Togo, Zaire Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam [R. Brahmaputra, R. Ganges] [Atlantic (eastern central, southeast)] Tapirus pinchaque Platanista minor Mountain Tapir Indus River Dolphin Order PROBOSCIDEA EN "' Alc+2cd,Cl,E EN *' Alacd, Bl+2abcde Colombia, Ecuador, Pern, Venezuela Pakistan Family ELEPHANXmAE Family RHINOCEROTIDAE [R. Indus] Elephas maximus Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Asian Elephant Sumatran Rhinoceros EN '" Alcd CR " Albcd,C2a Order SIRENIA Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bmnei, Cambodia (ex?), India (ex?), Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Indonesia, Laos (ex?), Malaysia, Family DUGONGIDAE Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam Dugong dugon Diceros bicornis Loxodonta africana Dugong Black Rhinoceros African Elephant VU '" Alcd CR ' Alabc EN ' Alb Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Cambodia, China, Comoros?, Ethiopia (ex?), Kenya, Malawi (ex?), Faso, Cameroon, Central African Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Federated Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote States of Micronesia, Guam, India, (ex?). South Africa, Swaziland, d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Madagascar, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Rhinoceros sondaicus Malaysia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Javan Rhinoceros Myanmar, New Caledonia, Palau, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, CR " C2a Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Myanmar (ex?), Thailand (ex?), Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Viet Nam Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Rhinoceros unicornis Yemen Order PERISSODACTYLA Great Indian Rhinoceros [Indian Ocean (eastern, westem). EN " Bl+2cde Pacific (northwest, westem central)] Family EQUIDAE Bhutan, India, Nepal Equus africanus Family TRICHECHmAE African Wild Ass Order HYRACOIDEA CR " Alb Trichechus inunguis Family Ethiopia, Somalia PROCAVIIDAE Amazonian Manatee VU '" Alcd Equus grevyi Dendrohyrax validus Eastern Tree Hyrax Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Grevy's Zebra " Venezuela EN " Ala+2c VU BU2c Kenya, Tanzania [R. Amazon] Ethiopia, Kenya

19 Threatened Species

Heterohyrax antineae Axis kuhli Ammotragus lervia VU " D2 Kuhl's Deer Barbary Sheep Algeria EN " Dl VU " A2cd Indonesia Algeria, Chad?, Egypt (ex?), Libya?, Heterohyrax chapini Mali?, Mauritania (ex?), Mexico VU " D2 Blastocerus dichotomus [int], Morocco, Niger, Spain [int] Zaire Marsh Deer (Canary Is), Sudan, Tunisia (ex?), " A2cde VU USA [int]. Western Sahara? Order ARTIODACTYLA Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay Antilope cervicapra Family SUIDAE Blackbuck Cervus albirostris VU ' Ale Babyrousa babyrussa Thorold's Deer Argentina [int], Bangladesh (ex), Babirusa » CI VU India, Nepal, Pakistan, USA [int] VU '" Alcd China Indonesia Bison bonasus Cervus alfredi European Bison Sus cebifrons Phillipine Spotted Deer EN " A2ce,C2a Visayan Warty Pig " Bl+2c EN Belarus [re-int], Kyrgyzstan [re-int], CR '" Alcde, BI+2acd,E Philippines Lithuania [re-int], Poland [re-int], Piiilippines Cervus duvauceli Russia [re-int], Ukraine [re-int] Sus salvanius Swamp Deer Bos frontalis Pygmy Hog VU " CI Gaur CR '" Ale, Bl+2cd,E India, Nepal VU '= Alcd-^2cd, Cl-H2a Bhutan (ex?), India, Nepal (ex?) Bangladesh (ex?), Bhutan, Cervus eldi Sus verrucosus Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Eld's Deer Javan Warty Pig Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, VU " A2c EN '" A2cd, Bl+2ade, E Thailand, Viet Nam Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Indonesia Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Bos grunniens Family Wild Yak TAYASSUmAE Elaphurus davidianus VU '- Ald-i-2d,Cl Catagonus wagneri Pere David's Deer China, India, Nepal? Chacoan Peccary CR " Dl EN '" Alacde, Bl+2bde, E China [re-int] Bosjavanicus Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay Banteng Hippocamelus bisulcus EN '- Alcd-H2cd, Cl-l-2a Family South Andean Deer HIPPOPOTAMIDAE Bangladesh (ex?), Brunei EN " C2a (ex?), Cambodia, India (ex?), Indonesia, Hexaprotodon liberiensis Argentina, Chile Pygmy Hippopotamus Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam VU " C2a,E Muntiacus crinifrons Black Muntjac Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Bos sauveli " Guinea-Bissau?, Liberia, Nigeria, VU CI Kouprey China Sierra Leone CR '- A2d,Cl-H2a, Dl Cambodia, Family CAMELTOAE Pudu puda Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam Southern Pudu Bubalus bubalis Camelus bactrianus " Alcde VU Wild Water Buffalo Wild Bactrian Camel Argentina, Chile '- EN " Alcd, C2a EN A2e,Cl Bhutan, India, Nepal, Thailand China, Mongolia Bubalus depressicomis Family MOSCHroAE Family BOVmAE Lowland Anoa Moschus moschiferus EN '- Cl-h2a Siberian Musk Deer Addax nasomaculatus Indonesia VU " Alacd Addax ' Bubalus mindorensis China, Mongolia, North Korea, EN Alc,C2a Tamaraw Russia, South Korea Algeria (ex), Chad, Egypt (ex), Libya (ex), Mali, Mauritania, Niger, EN '- B1-I-2C, Dl Family CERVmAE Sudan (ex?), Tunisia [re-int] Philippines

Axis calamianensis Ammodorcas clarkei Bubalus quarlesi Calamian Deer Dibatag Mountain Anoa EN " Bl+3d VU ' CI EN '- Cl+2a Philippines Ethiopia, Somalia Indonesia

20 Mammals 'n

Budorcas taxicolor Cephalophus zebra Hemitragus jemlahicus Takin Zebra Duiker Himalayan Tahr VU " A2cd VU ' Ale. CI VU " A2cde Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar Cote d'lvoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone China, India, Nepal

Capra aegagrus Damaliscus hunteri Madoqua piacentinii Wild Goat Hunter's Antelope Silver Dikdik VU " A2cde CR ' Ala VU ' CI Afghanistan, Armenia?, Azerbaijan, Kenya, Somalia Somalia Georgia, Greece, Iran, Oman, Dorcatragus megalotis Naemorhedus baileyi Pakistan, Russia?, Turkey, Beira Antelope Red Goral Turkmenistan VU ' CI VU " A2cd Djibouti (ex?), Ethiopia, Somalia Capra caucasica China, India, Myanmar West Caucasian Tur Gazella bilkis Naemorhedus caudatus EN " Ald+2cde Queen of Sheba's Gazelle Long-tailed Goral Georgia, Russia CR ' Bl+2e, C2a VU " A2cd Saudi Arabia?, Yemen Capra cylindricomis China, Laos, North Korea, Russia, East Caucasian Tur Gazella cuvieri South Korea, Thailand VU " Ald+2de,Cl Cuvier's Gazelle Oryx dammah Azerbaijan?, Georgia, Russia EN ' C2a Scimitar-homed Oryx Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Capra falconeri CR ' Alc,Cl-l-2a Sahara (ex) Markhor Algeria (ex), Burkina Faso (ex?), Gazella dama EN " A2cde Chad (ex?), Egypt (ex), Israel [int], Gazelle Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Dama Libya (ex), Mali (ex?), Mauritania Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan EN ' Ale, CI (ex), Morocco (ex), Niger (ex?), Algeria (ex), Chad, Libya (ex), Mali, Senegal (ex), Sudan (ex?), Tunisia Capra nubiana Mauritania (ex), Morocco (ex), [re-int], Western Sahara (ex) Nubian Ibex Niger, Senegal [re-int], Sudan, Oryx leucoryx EN " C2a Western Sahara (ex) Arabian Oryx Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Jordan, Gazella leptoceros ' Lebanon (ex), Oman, Saudi Arabia, EN Dl Slender-homed Gazelle Sudan, Syria (ex), Yemen Egypt (ex), Iraq (ex), Israel (ex), ' EN Cl+2a Jordan [re-int], Oman [re-int], Saudi v/alia Capra Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Arabia [re-int], Syria (ex). United Walia Ibex Mauritania?, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Arab Emirates (ex), Yemen (ex) CR " C2b Tunisia, Western Sahara (ex) Ovis ammon Ethiopia Gazella rufifrons Argali Capricomis sumatraensis Red-fronted Gazelle VU " A2cde ' Ale Mainland Serow VU Afghanistan, Bhutan?, China, India, VU " A2cd Benin?, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan?, Mongolia, African Republic, Chad, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Central Nepal, Pakistan?, Russia, Tajikistan Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia (ex?), China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Ovis orientalis Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Ghana (ex?), Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Togo Mouflon, Urial Thailand, Viet Nam Niger, " A2cde Gazella soemmerringii VU Capricomis swinhoei Soemmerring's Gazelle Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Formosan Serow Cyprus, France, India, Iran, Italy, VU ' CI VU " A2cd Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya?, Taiwan Turkmenistan Somalia, Sudan Pantholops hodgsonii Cephalophus adersi Gazella spekei Tibetan Antelope Aders' Duiker Speke's Gazelle ' CI VU ' Ale EN VU ' CI China, India, Nepal? Kenya, Tanzania Ethiopia, Somalia Cephalophus jentinki Hemitragus hylocrius Procapra przewalskii Jentink's Duiker Nilgiri Tahr Przewalski's Gazelle VU ' Ale, CI EN " C2a CR ' Ale, CI Cote d'lvoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone India China Cephalophus spadix Hemitragus jayakari Pseudois schaeferi Abbott's Duiker Arabian Tahr Dwarf Blue Sheep " VU ' CI EN " C2a EN A2d, Bl-i-2e Tanzania Oman, United Arab Emirates China

21 Threatened Species

Pseudonovibos spiralis Hylopetes winstoni Spermophilus brunneus Linh-duong CR " Bl+2c,Cl Idaho Ground Squirrel EN ' C2a Indonesia EN "- B2d+3d Cambodia, Viet Nam USA Hyosciurus heinrichi Pseudoryx nghetinhensis VU " B1+2C Spermophilus citellus Vu Quang Ox Indonesia European Squirrel EN ' Cl+2a VU « Ale Laos, Viet Nam Hyosciurus ileile Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, VU " B1+2C Saiga tatarica Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Indonesia (Sulawesi) Saiga Germany, Greece, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, VU ' Ala lomys sipora Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, China (ex), Kazakhstan, MongoHa, ' VU B1+2C Yugoslavia Russia, Turkmenistan Indonesia Spermophilus mohavensis Tetracerus quadricornis Lariscus hosei Mohave Ground Squirrel Four-homed Antelope VU " B1+2C VU «= Bl+3d VU ' C2a Malaysia USA India, Nepal Tragelaphus buxtoni Marmota menzbieri Spermophilus suslicus Mountain Nyala Menzbier's Marmot Spotted Souslik " « Ale EN' Ala, CI VU Bi+2c VU Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine Ethiopia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Spermophilus washingtoni Marmota vancouverensis Washington Ground Squirrel Order RODENTIA Vancouver Island Marmot VU «= Ala, Bl+2d,C2a EN "- C2b, Dl Family SCIURmAE Canada USA Ammospermophilus nelsoni Sundasciurusjentinki Myosciurus pumilio Nelson's Antelope Squirrel VU " B1+2C African Pygmy Squirrel EN »- Ala, Bl+2c Indonesia, Malaysia VU " A2c USA Sundasciurus juvencus Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Biswamayopterus biswasi * Gabon, Nigeria EN BI+2b CR " Bl+2c, CI Philippines India Paraxerus cooperi Sundasciurus rabori VU " Bl+2c Callosciurus pygerythrus VU «' Ale, Bl+2b Cameroon VU " Alcd Philippines Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Paraxerus palliatus Sundasciurus samarensis Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam " VU Ale VU " B1+2C Callosciurus quinquestriatus Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Philippines VU " Alcd Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Tamias palmeri China, Myanmar Zimbabwe Palmer's Chipmunk Cynomys mexicanus Paraxerus vexillarius VU «= A2c Mexican Prairie Dog VU " B1+2C USA EN " Alcd Tanzania Mexico Trogopterus xanthipes Paraxerus vincenti EN " Alcd Eupetaurus cinereus VU " B1+2C China Woolly Flying Squirrel Mozambique » Bl+2cd, C2a EN A2ce, Family GEOMYIDAE India, Pakistan Prosciurillus abstrusus " Geomys tropicalis Funisciurus carruthersi VU B1+2C VU " Bl+2c Carruther's Mountain Squirrel Indonesia " Mexico VU B1+2C Ratufa indica Orthogeomys cuniculus Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda VU " B1+2C CR " Bl+2c Hylopetes alboniger India EN " Ale Mexico Ratufa macroura Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Orthogeomys heterodus VU " Ale China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, VU " Bl+2ac Thailand, Viet Nam India, Sri Lanka Costa Rica Hylopetes sipora Sciurotamias forresti Pappogeomys alcorni EN " B1+2C VU " Ale VU " Bl+2ac Indonesia China Mexico

22 Mammals *n

Pappogeomys neglectus Sicista caudata Bunomys prolatus CR " Bl+2c, CI EN '" B1+2C EN " Bl+2c Mexico China, Russia Indonesia

Zygogeomys trichopus Family MURffiAE Calomyscus hotsoni Michoacan Pocket Gopher EN ' Bl+2e Abrawayaomys ruschii EN " Ale, Bl+2ac Pakistan Mexico EN " Bl+2c Brazil Chiropodomys karlkoopmani Family EN " Bl+2c HETEROMYmAE Acomys cilicicus Indonesia " Dipodomys elator CR C2b Texas Kangaroo Rat Turkey Chrotomys gonzalesi Mt Isarog Striped VU " B1+2C Acomys minous Rat " USA Spiny Mouse CR Bl+2c Philippines « Dipodomys gravipes VU Bl+2e San Quintin Kangaroo Rat Greece Chrotomys whiteheadi » EN " Bl+2c Akodon lindberghi VU Bl+2e Mexico VU " Bl+2c Philippines Brazil Dipodomys ingens Coccymys albidens Giant Kangaroo Rat Akodon siberiae White-toothed Melomys " CR "^ Ala VU '» D2 EN Bl+2c USA Bolivia Indonesia

Dipodomys insularis Alticola montosa Crateromys australis CR " Bl+2c, CI VU " BH-2C Dinagat Island Cloud Rat * Mexico India EN Ale, Bl+2b,C2b Philippines Dipodomys margaritae AmmodiUus imbellis " CR " Bl+2c, CI VU Ale Crateromys heaneyi * Mexico Ethiopia, Somalia EN Alc,C2b Andalgalomys olrogi Philippines Heteromys nelsoni " CR " Bl+2c VU D2 Crateromys paulus Mexico Argentina CR «» Ale, Bl+2b,C2b Anonymomys mindorensis Philippines Perognathus longimembris Mindoro Climbing Rat VU " Ale Crateromys schadenbergi VU " C2a Mexico, USA Giant Bushy-tailed Cloud Rat Philippines VU «' Ale, Bl+2c Family DIPODroAE Anotomys leander Philippines EN *" B1+2C Allactagafirouzi Cremnomys elvira Ecuador CR " Bl+2c, CI VU " C2b Iran Apodemus hermonensis India EN " Bl+2c AUactaga tetradactyla Crunomys celebensis Israel EN " Ale EN " Bl+2c Egypt, Libya Apomys gracilirostris Indonesia VU "' Bl+2b,C2a Cardiocranius paradoxus Crunomys fallax Philippines VU " Ale CR " C2b Apomys sacobianus China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia Philippines VU " C2b Dasymys montanus Eozapus setchuanus Philippines VU " Ale VU " B1+2C Archboldomys luzonensis China Uganda Mt Isarog Shrew-mouse Euchoreutes naso EN " C2b Dendromus oreas " EN " Ale Philippines VU B1+2C China, Mongolia Cameroon Beamys hindei Salpingotus crassicauda Lesser Hamster-rat Dendromus vernayi VU " Ale VU " Ale CR " Bl+2c, C2b China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia Kenya, Tanzania Angola

Sicista armenica Bunomys coelestis Dicrostonyx vinogradovi CR " Ale, CI EN " Bl+2e CR " Bl+2c, C2b Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia Indonesia Russia

23 Threatened Species

Eliurus majori Gerbillus quadrimaculatus Leopoldamys siporanus EN " Bl+2c CR " C2b VU " B1+2C Madagascar Sudan Indonesia

Eliurus penicillatus Gerbillus syrticus Leporillus conditor CR " Bl+2c CR " C2b Greater Stick-nest Rat Madagascar Libya EN " Ale Australia Ellobius alaicus Grammomys gigas EN " B1+2C EN " Bl+2c Leptomys elegans Kyrgyzstan Kenya CR " B1+2C Gymnuromys roberti Papua New Guinea Eropeplus canus " A2e EN " Bl+2c VU Leptomys signatus Madagascar " Indonesia CR Bl+2c Habromys simulatus Papua New Guinea Gerbillus allenbyi EN " C2a VU " B1+2C Macrotarsomys ingens Mexico " Israel CR Bl+2c Haeromys margarettae Madagascar Gerbillus bilensis VU " Ale, Bl+2c " Bl+2c,C2b Macruromys elegans CR Indonesia, Malaysia Ethiopia Western Small-toothed Rat Haeromys pusillus CR " B1+2C Gerbillus bonhotei VU " Ale Indonesia " VU B1+2C Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines Egypt Macruromys major Hybomys eisentrauti EN " C2a Gerbillus burtoni EN " Bl+2c Papua New Guinea CR " Bl+2c, C2b Cameroon Mallomys Sudan gunung Hydromys neobrittanicus CR " Bl+2cd " Gerbillus cosensis VU Bl+2e Indonesia CR " C2b Papua New Guinea Margaretamys Kenya elegans Hypogeomys antimena VU " B1+2C [R. Kozibir] " EN A2c Indonesia Gerbillus dalloni Madagascar Margaretamys parvus CR " C2b Ichthyomys pittieri VU " Bl+2c Chad VU « D2 Indonesia Gerbillus weri Venezuela flo Mastomys pernanus CR " C2b Juscelinomys vulpinus VU " C2a Egypt VU '' D2 Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania Brazil Gerbillus grobbeni Maxomys alticola CR " C2b Komodomys rintjanus EN " C2a Libya VU " B1+2C Malaysia Indonesia Gerbillus hoogstraali Maxomys baeodon " Kunsia fronto CR Bl+2c,C2b " " EN C2a Morocco VU C2a Malaysia Argentina, Brazil Gerbillus lowei Kunsia tomentosus Maxomys dollmani CR " C2b " C2a VU " C2a Sudan VU Bolivia, Brazil Indonesia Gerbillus maghrebi Lamottemys okuensis Maxomys wattsi VU " B1+2C EN '" B1+2C EN " Bl+2c Morocco Cameroon Indonesia Gerbillus mauritaniae Leimacomys buettneri Mayermys ellermani " CR C2b CR '« B1+2C VU " C2a Mauritania Ghana Papua New Guinea Gerbillus occiduus Lemniscomys mittendorfi Megadendromus nikolausi " CR C2b EN "" B1+2C VU " B1-I-2C Morocco Cameroon Ethiopia

Gerbillus principulus Leopoldamys neilli Melasmothrix naso CR " C2b EN " Ale EN " BI+2C Sudan Thailand Indonesia

24 Mammals *n

Melomys fellowsi Mus goundae Neusticomys mussoi VU " Bl+2c VU " C2b EN " Bl+2c Papua New Guinea Central African Republic Venezuela Melomys rubicola Mus kasaicus Neusticomys oyapocki CR " Bl+2e CR " Bl+2c EN " Bl+2c Australia Zaire French Guiana

Melomys spechti Mus oubanguii Neusticomys peruviensis EN " Bl+2c VU " B1+2C EN " B1+2C Solomon Islands Central African Republic Peru Meriones arimalius Myomys ruppi Neusticomys venezuelae EN '" B1+2C VU " Bl+2c EN " B1+2C Oman, Saudi Arabia Ethiopia Guyana, Venezuela Meriones chengi Myospatax fontanierii Notomys fuscus CR " C2b VU " Aid Dusky Hopping-mouse China China VU " Alee Australia Meriones dahli Mystromys albicandatus EN '" B1+2C VU " Ale Oecomys cleberi Armenia South Africa, Swaziland EN " Bl+2c Meriones sacramenti Nannospalax leucodon Brazil EN " Bl+2c VU « D2 Oligoryzomys victus Israel Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, EN " Bl+2c Romania, Turkey, Ukraine, St Vincent Meriones zarudnyi Yugoslavia EN '" B1+2C Oryzomys galapagoensis Nectomys parvipes Afghanistan, Turkmenistan CR " Alee CR " b:+2c Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Mesembriomys macrurus French Guiana VU " Alee Oryzomys gorgasi Neohydromys fuscus Australia CR " Bl+2c " VU B1+2C Colombia Mesocricetus auratus Papua New Guinea EN " Bl+2c Otomys occidentalis Neotoma anthonyi Syria EN " Bl+2c Anthony's Woodrat Cameroon, Nigeria Mesocricetus newtoni EN " Ale, Bl+2c Romanian Hamster Mexico Oxymycterus hiska VU « D2 VU *» D2 Neotoma bryanti Bulgaria, Romania Peru EN " Bl+2c Microtus evoronensis Mexico Oxymycterus hucucha CR " Bl+2c,C2b VU « D2 Neotoma bunkeri Russia Bolivia Bunker's Woodrat Microtus kermanensis EN " Bl+2c Palawanomys furvus EN " Bl+2c,C2a Mexico EN " Bl+2c,C2b Iran Philippines Neotoma fuscipes Microtus mexicanus VU " Ale Papagomys armandviltei " VU " C2a Mexico, USA VU Bl+2e Mexico, USA Indonesia Neotoma martinensis Microtus mujanensis San Martin Island Woodrat Paraleptomys wilhelmina CR " Bl+2c,C2b EN " Bl+2c VU " Bl+2c Russia Mexico Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Millardia kondana Neotoma nelsoni Pamromys ursinus EN " B1+2C EN " Bl+2c EN " Bl+2c India Mexico Indonesia Muriculus imberbis Neotoma varia Pelomys hopkinsi VU " Ale EN " Bl+2c VU " B1+2C Ethiopia Mexico Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda Mus famulus Nesoryzomys indefessus Pelomys isseli EN " Bl+2c EN " Bl+2c VU " Bl+2e India Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Uganda

25 Threatened Species

Peromyscus bullatus Podomys floridanus Rattus adustus EN " Bl+2c Florida Mouse VU " D2 Mexico VU «- Ala+2d Indonesia USA Peromyscus caniceps Rattus baluensis VU " B1+2C Pogonomelomys bruijni EN " B1-h2c " Mexico CR Bl+2c Malaysia Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Peromyscus dickeyi Rattus bontanus Pogonomys championi EN " Bl+2c VU " Bl+2c VU " B1+2C Mexico Indonesia Papua New Guinea Peromyscus interparietalis Rattus burrus Praomys hartwigi " VU " D2 EN Bl+2c EN " Bl+2c Mexico India Cameroon, Nigeria Rattus elaphinus Peromyscus madrensis Praomys minor " VU " D2 VU C2b VU "" B1-I-2C Indonesia Mexico Zaire Ratttts enganus Peromyscus mayensis Praomys morio CR " C2b EN " Bl+2c VU "« B1-I-2C Indonesia Guatemala Cameroon Rattus feliceus Peromyscus mekisturus Pseudohydromys murinus VU " D2 VU " B1+2C CR " Bl-f2c Indonesia Mexico Papua New Guinea Rattus koogerwerfi Peromyscus melanurus Pseudohydromys occidentalis " VU " D2 VU " B1+2C VU B1+2C Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Indonesia Mexico Pseudomys australis Rattus mindorensis Peromyscus polius VU " Alee VU " Bl-h2c VU " B1+2C Australia Philippines Mexico Pseudomys fieldi Rathis mollicomulus Peromyscus pseudocrinitus CR " Alee VU " B1-H2C CR " Bl+2c Australia Indonesia Mexico Pseudomys fumeus Rattus montanus Peromyscus slevini Smoky Mouse CR " Bl+2c CR " Bl+2c " Alee VU Sri Lanka Mexico Australia Rattus palmarum Pseudomys glaucus Peromyscus stephani VU " D2 EN " Bl+2c CR " Alee India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) Mexico Australia Rattus pelurus Pseudomys occidentalis Peromyscus zarhynchus VU " D2 VU " Ale Western Mouse " Indonesia Mexico EN A2ce Australia Rattus ranjiniae Petromyscus barbouri " Pseudomys oralis VU D2 EN " Bl+2c Hastings River Mouse India South Africa EN " A1c-h2c Rattus sikkimensis Phaenomys ferrugineus Australia VU " Ale " EN C2a Pseudomys patrius Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Brazil VU " B1-I-2C Myanmar, Nepal?, Thailand, Viet Nam Phaulomys andersoni Australia Wakayama Red-backed Vole Pseudomys pilligaensis Rattus tawitawiensis VU " D2 Pilliga Mouse Tawitawi Island Rat " Japan VU " B1-I-2C VU B1-H2C Phloeomys cumingi Australia Philippines Southern Giant Slender-tailed Cloud Pseudomys praeconis Reithrodontomys raviventris Rat Shark Bay Mouse Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse VU '' Alcd VU " Bl-^2c VU '- A1c-h2c Philippines Australia USA

26 Mammals 'n

Reithrodontomys rodriguezi Steatomys jacksoni Typhlomys chapensis VU " B1+2C VU " C2a CR " Bl+2cd Costa Rica Ghana, Nigeria Viet Nam Reithrodontomys spectabilis Stenomys vandeuseni Uromys imperator " EN Bl+2c EN " Bl+2c EN " Bl+2c Mexico Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Rhagomys rufescens Sundamys maxi Uromys rex CR " B1+2C " C2a EN VU " B1+2C Brazil Indonesia Solomon Islands Rhipidomys scandens Tachyoryctes ankoliae Vandeleuria nolthenii VU « D2 VU " Alcd " Bl+2c Panama Uganda VU Sri Lanka Rhynchomys isarogensis Tachyoryctes annectens Mt Isarog Shrew-rat EN " Bl+2c Vemayafulva VU »" B1+2C Kenya VU " C2a China, Myanmar Philippines Tachyoryctes audax Scolomys melanops VU " Bl+2c Volemys kikuchii EN * Bl+2c Kenya VU " BI+2C Ecuador Tachyoryctes naivashae Taiwan Scolomys ucayalensi EN " Bl+2cd Xeromys myoides EN « B1+2C Kenya False Water-rat Peru " Tachyoryctes rex VU Ale Sigmodon arizonae EN " Bl+2c Australia " Ale EN Kenya Zyzomys palatilis Mexico, USA Taeromys arcuatus CR " Bl+2c Sigmodontomys aphrastus VU " D2 Australia CR " Bl+2c Indonesia Zyzomys pedunculatus Costa Rica Taeromys hamatus Central Rock-rat Solomys ponceleti VU " D2 CR " Alce+2ce Giant Rat Fencelet's Indonesia Australia " Bl+2c EN Tarsomys echinatus Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Family PEDEXmAE VU ' Ale, Bl+2b Solomys salamonis Philippines Pedetes capensis VU " B1+2C Tateomys macrocercus VU " Alcd Solomon Islands VU " B1+2C Angola, Kenya, Mozambique, Solomys sapientis Indonesia Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, " BH-2C VU Tateomys rhinogradoides Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Papua New Guinea " B1+2C VU Family CTENODACTYLIDAE Spalax arenarius Indonesia " Ale, Bl+2c VU Tokudaia muenninki Felovia vae Ukraine EN " Ale Felou Gundi " Spalax giganteus Japan (Nansei-shoto) VU Ale VU '" Ale, Bl+2c Mali, Mauritania, Senegal Tokudaia osimensis Kazakhstan, Russia " EN Bl+2c Family MYOXmAE Spalax graecus Japan (Nansei-shoto) Greater Mole Rat Tryphomys adustus Dryomys sichuanensis VU « D2 '= Bl+2c VU »' Ale, Bl+2b EN Romania, Ukraine China Philippines Spalax leucodon Tylomys bullaris Eliomys quercinus Lesser Mole Rat CR " BI+2c Garden Dormouse » VU D2 " Mexico VU Ale Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Tylomys panamensis Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech VU " Bl+2c Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia, Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Panama Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Spalax microphthalmus Tylomys tumbalensis Macedonia, Netherlands, Portugal, " VU « D2 CR Bl+2c Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Russia, Ukraine Mexico Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia

27 Threatened Species

Glirulus japonicus Family OCTODONXroAE Mesocapromys sanfelipensis Japanese Dormouse Little Earth Hutia Octodon pacificus EN " Ale CR " C2b VU '^ D2 Japan Cuba Chile Graphiurus ocularis Mysateles garridoi Tympanoctomys barrerae VU " Alcd Garrido's Hutia Red Vizcacha Rat South Africa CR " Dl VU •« Ala personatus Cuba Myomimus Argentina VU '" Bl+2c Mysateles gundlachi Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Family ABROCOMIDAE Chapman's Prehensile-tailed Hutia roachi VU " A2c Myomimus Abrocoma boliviensis Mouse-tailed Dormouse Cuba VU '" D2 ' VU D2 Bolivia Ptagiodontia aedium Greece, Turkey Hispaniolan Hutia " Myomimus setzeri Family ECHIMYroAE VU Alac " Dominican Republic, Haiti EN Ale Chaetomys subspinosus Iran Thin-spined Porcupine Selevinia betpakdalaensis VU " A2c Order LAGOMORPHA EN '" B1+2C Brazil Family Kazakhstan OCHOTONmAE Clyomys bishopi Ochotona helanshanensis Family HYSTRICmAE VU " D2 Brazil Helan Shan Pika Hystrix brachyura CR '" A2cd Diplomys rufodorsalis VU " Aid China " China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, VU Bl+2c Ochotona iliensis Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, Colombia Hi Pika Thailand Echimys chrysurus VU "» Dl+2 " Family ERETHIZONXroAE VU A2ce China Brazil Sphiggurus vestitus Ochotona koslowi VU " C2a Echimys thomasi Koslov's Pika " Colombia, Venezuela VU D2 EN "» Bl+2abd Brazil China Family CHINCHILLIDAE Family CAPROMYIDAE Ochotona pusilla Chinchilla brevicaudata Steppe Pika Short-tailed Chinchilla Geocapromys brownii VU '<" Alcd, C2a '" Jamaican Hutia CR Alcd Kazakhstan, Russia Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru (ex?) VU " Alcd Chinchilla lanigera Jamaica Family LEPORmAE Long-tailed Chinchilla Geocapromys ingrahami Bunolagus monticularis VU " Alcd Bahamian Hutia Riverine Rabbit Chile VU " D2 EN "» Bl+2c Bahamas Family DINOMYIDAE South Africa Isolobodon portoricensis Caprolagus hispidus Dinomys branickii CR '' Bl+2c Hispid Hare Pacarana Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto EN "" Alc+2c, Bl+2abcde, CI EN " Alcd Rico? [int] Bangladesh, India, Nepal Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Pern, Venezuela Mesocapromys angelcabrerai Lepus castroviejoi Cabrera's Hutia Broom Hare Family DASYPROCTIDAE " CR Bl+2ce VU '" B2C-I-3C, C2b Dasyprocta azarae Cuba Spain " VU Alcd Mesocapromys auritus Lepus flavigularis Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Large-eared Hutia Tehuantepec Jackrabbit Dasyprocta coibae CR " Bl+2ce EN '" Alac EN '= Bl+2ce Cuba Mexico Panama Mesocapromys nanus Lepus hainanus Dasyprocta ruatanica Dwarf Hutia Hainan Hare EN " Alcde, Bl+2e CR " Bl+2de VU "» Alac Honduras Cuba China

28 Birds

Nesolagus netscheri Class AVES Taoniscus nanus Sumatran Rabbit Dwarf Tinamou CR "» Bl+2abcde,C2a VU =' Alc,C2a Order CASUARIIFORMES Indonesia Argentina (ex?), Brazil Pentalagus fumessi Family CASUARIffiAE Rabbit Amami Casuarius casuarius Order SPHENISCEFORMES EN '" A2b, Bl+2bce,Cl Southern Cassowary Family Japan SPHENISCIDAE VU -' Alacde+2cde Romerolagus diazi Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Volcano Rabbit Guinea Fiordland Penguin -' '<" C2a EN Alabc+2bc,Bl+2bcd+3abc, Casuarius unappendiculatus VU New Zealand Cl+2a Northern Cassowary Mexico VU -' Alacd+2cd Eudyptes robustus Sylvilagus dicei Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Snares Islands Penguin Dice's Cottontail VU -' D2 '" New Zealand EN Alc+2bc, B2c+3c Order APTERVGIFORMES Costa Rica, Panama Eudyptes sclateri Family Sylvilagus graysoni APTERYGmAE Erect-crested Penguin -' Tres Marias Rabbit Apteryx australis VU D2 EN '« Alac+2c, Bl+2c, Cl+2a Brown Kiwi New Zealand Mexico VU =' Ale Megadyptes antipodes Yellow-eyed Penguin Sylvilagus insonus New Zealand " C2a Omiltemi Rabbit Apteryx haastii VU New Zealand (Auckland Is, CR "" Alac,Bl+2c Great Spotted Kiwi Campbell Id) Mexico VU '-' Bl+2e Zealand Spheniscus mendiculus Sylvilagus transitionalis New Galapagos Penguin New England Cottontail Apteryx owenii VU -' Ala,C2b VU '" Alae, Cl+2a Little Spotted Kiwi Ecuador USA VU =' D2 New Zealand Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Order MACROSCELIDEA Order TEVAMIFGRMES Family PODICIPEDIDAE Family MACROSCELIDroAE Family TEVAMroAE Podiceps taczanowskii Elephantulus edwardU Junin Grebe Crypturellus kerriae » 2' VU B1+2C CR A 1 ace+2ce, B 1 +2cde, Choco Tinamou South Africa Cl+2b =' VU Bl+2c,C2a Peru Elephantulus revoili Colombia, Panama EN * B1+2C Poliocephalus rufopectus Crypturellus ptaritepui Somalia New Zealand Dabchick Tinamou Tepui EN ^' C2a Elephantulus rupestris -' VU D2 New Zealand VU « B1+2C Venezuela South Africa Tachybaptus pelzelnii Crypturellus saltuarius Madagascar Grebe Macroscelides proboscideus Tinamou Magdalena VU -' Alace+2ce, Cl+2b " -' VU Bl+2c CR Bl+2c,C2b Madagascar Namibia, South Africa Colombia Tachybaptus rufotavatus Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Nothoprocta kalinowskii Alaotra Grebe Golden-rumped Elephant-shrew Kalinowski's Tinamou CR =' Dl " EN Bl+2c CR " Dl Madagascar Kenya Peru Rhynchocyon cirnei Nothoprocta taczanowskii Order PROCELLARIIFORMES VU « Bl+2c Taczanowski's Tinamou Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, VU -' C2a Family DIOMEDEroAE Uganda, Zaire, Zambia Peru Diomedea albatrus Rhynchocyon petersi Nothura minor Short-tailed Albatross Black-and-rufous Elephant-Shrew Lesser Nothura EN -' CI EN * Bl+2c VU -' Alc,C2a China (ex), Japan. * Russia, Taiwan, Kenya, Tanzania Brazil USA (Hawaiian Is)

29 Threatened Species

Diomedea amsterdamensis Pterodroma defilippiana Puffinus heinrothi Amsterdam Albatross Defilippe's Petrel Heinroth's Shearwater CR -' Dl VU ^' D2 EN ^' C2b French Southern and Antarctic Chile (Desventuradas Is, Juan Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Territories (Amsterdam Id) Fernandez Is) Puffinus huttoni Pterodroma Diomedea exulans feae Hutton's Shearwater Fea's Petrel Wandering Albatross EN -' Bl+2bce VU -' Dl+2 VU -' Alad+2d New Zealand Cape Verde, Portugal (Madeira) Australia, French Southern and Puffinus newelli Antarctic Territories, New Zealand, Pterodroma hasitata Newell's Shearwater South Africa, South Georgia, Black-capped Petrel VU 2' D2 St Helena EN ^' C2a USA Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti Family PROCELLARIIDAE Pterodroma incerta Puffinus opisthomelas Black-vented Shearwater Atlantic Petrel Procellaria parkinsoni ' VU " D2 VU D2 Black Petrel Mexico St Helena VU '-' D2 New Zealand * Ecuador, Peru Pterodroma macgillivrayi Family HYDROBATmAE Fiji Petrel Procellaria westlandica CR ^' C2b, Dl Oceanodroma macrodactyla Westland Petrel Fiji Guadalupe Storm-petrel " ^' Dl VU D2 Pterodroma madeira CR New Zealand. * Australia, Chile Mexico Zino's Petrel

^' Pterodroma aterrima CR Dl Family PELECANOromAE Mascarene Black Petrel Portugal (Madeira) CR ^' Dl Pterodroma magentae Pelecanoides gamotii Reunion Magenta Petrel Peruvian Diving-petrel -' CR -' Bl-H2e, C2b EN Ala Pterodroma axillaris Chile, New Zealand (Chatham Is) Peru Chatham Islands Petrel CR " Bl+2e Pterodroma phaeopygia Galapagos Petrel New Zealand (Chatham Is) Order PELECANIFORMES CR -' Alace-h2ce " Pterodroma baraui Ecuador (Galapagos Is). Chile, Family PELECANffiAE Barau's Petrel Colombia (Malpelo Id), Costa Rica, CR ' Aid Ecuador, French Polynesia, Mexico, Pelecanus crispus Reunion Panama, Peru Dalmatian Pelican ^' Pterodroma pycrofti VU C2a Pterodroma becki Pycroft's Petrel Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Beck's Petrel VU ^' C2a Bulgaria, China, Greece, Iran, CR 2' Dl Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania, New Zealand, Norfolk Island (ex) Papua New Guinea (ex?), Solomon Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Islands (ex?) Pterodroma sandmchensis Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. •* Hawaiian Petrel Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Pterodroma cahow =' VU D2 Hong Kong, India, Iraq, Lebanon, Bermuda Petrel USA (Hawaiian Is). * French Pakistan, Syria =' EN Dl Polynesia?, Kiribati Bermuda Pelecanus philippensis Pterodroma solandri Spot-billed Pelican Providence Petrel Pterodroma caribbaea VU -' Alacde.Cl ^' D2 Jamaica Petrel VU India, Sri Lanka. * Bangladesh, ^' Australia, CR C2b Norfolk Island (ex) Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Jamaica Puffinus auricularis Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Townsend's Shearwater Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam Pterodroma cervicalis -' VU A 1 e+2e, B 1 +2e, C 1 +2b White-necked Petrel Family SULffiAE Mexico (Revillagigedos Is) VU =' D2 New Zealand, Norfolk Island Puffinus creatopus Papasula abbotti Pink-footed Shearwater Abbott's Booby Pterodroma cookii VU ^' D2 VU -' C2b, D2 Cook's Petrel Chile (Juan Fernandez Is). * Cocos Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) ^' VU D2 (Keeling) Islands, Costa Rica, Islands, Costa Rica?. * Indonesia, * New Zealand. Chile, Peru Ecuador, Pern, USA Mauritius (ex), Seychelles (ex)

30 Birds

Family PHALACROCORACIDAE Ardea insignis Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, White-bellied * Phalacrocorax campbelli Heron Thailand, Viet Nam. Bhutan, -' Brunei, Singapore Campbell Island Shag EN Cl+2a Bangladesh, Bhutan, VU =' D2 India, Mycteria cinerea Myanmar, Nepal (ex) New Zealand Milky Stork Phalacrocorax carunculatus Botaurus poiciloptilus VU =' CI New Zealand King Shag Australasian Bittern Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, =' Thailand (ex), VU '-' Dl+2 EN C2a Viet Nam New Zealand Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE Phalacrocorax chalconotus Stewart Island Shag Egretta eulophotes Bostrychia bocagei VU -' C2a Chinese Egret Dwarf Olive Ibis New Zealand EN '-' CI CR -' DI China, Hong Kong?, North Korea, Sao Tome & Principe Phalacrocorax colensoi South Korea. * Brunei, Indonesia, Auckland Islands Shag Geronticus calvus Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Russia, ^' Southern Bald Ibis VU D2 Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, -' New Zealand Viet Nam VU C2b Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland Phalacrocorax featherstoni Egretta vinaceigula Pitt Island Shag Geronticus Slaty Egret eremita VU " D2 Northern Bald Ibis VU ^' C2a New Zealand CR -' C2a Botswana, Namibia, Zambia? Phalacrocorax harrisi Algeria, Egypt (ex), Morocco, Saudi Gorsachius * Galapagos Cormorant goisagi Arabia, Senegal (ex), Turkey (ex). Japanese Night-heron Ethiopia, Syria, Yemen VU -' Bl+3c, Dl+2 VU " Cl+2a Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Nipponia nippon Japan. * Bmnei, China, Hong Kong, Crested Ibis Phalacrocorax onslowi Indonesia, Palau, Philippines, Russia, CR -' C2b, Dl Chatham Islands Shag South Korea, Taiwan China, Japan (ex). North VU ^' Bl+2d, Dl Korea (ex) Gorsachius magnificus New Zealand (Chatham Is) Platalea minor White-eared Night-heron Black-faced Spoonbill Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi CR ^' CU2a CR " A2c Bounty Islands Shag China. * Viet Nam * VU '-' D2 China, North Korea, South Korea. New Zealand Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Family CICONimAE Thailand, Viet Nam Family FREGATIDAE Pseudibis davisoni Ciconia boyciana Fregata andrewsi White-shouldered Ibis Oriental Stork Christmas Island Frigatebird EN " Cl+2a -' CI VU " D2 EN Cambodia?, China, Indonesia, Laos?, China, Russia. * Bangladesh, Hong * Christmas Island. * Brunei, China, Myanmar?, Thailand, Viet Nam. Kong, India, Japan, Myanmar, North Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Hong Malaysia Korea, South Korea, Taiwan Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pseudibis gigantea Myanmar, Singapore, Solomon Ciconia stormi Giant Ibis Islands, Thailand, Viet Nam Storm's Stork CR " CI -' Fregata aguila EN Cl-i-2a Cambodia (ex?), Laos, Thailand, * Ascension Frigatebird Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand. Viet Nam CR -' Bl+2e Brunei, Malaysia St Helena (Ascension) Leptoptilos dubius Greater Adjutant Family PHOENICOPTERroAE EN -' CI Order CICONIIFORMES Bangladesh, Cambodia (ex?), India, Phoenicopterus andinus Laos (ex?), Myanmar (ex?), Andean Flamingo Family ARDEffiAE Viet Nam (ex?). * Nepal, Thailand VU 2' A2cd Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru Ardea humbloti Leptoptilos javanicus Madagascar Heron Lesser Adjutant Phoenicopterusjamesi VU ^' C2a VU ^' CI Puna Flamingo Comoros?, Madagascar. * Comoros, Bangladesh, Cambodia?, China, VU -' A2cd Mayotte India, Indonesia, Laos?, Malaysia, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru

31 Threatened Species

Order ANSERIFORMES Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Mergus squamatus Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Scaly-sided Merganser Family ANAXmAE Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, VU '-' Cl+2a Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, China, North Korea, Russia. * Japan, Anas aucklandica Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi South Korea Brown Teal Arabia, Slovenia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Oxyura leucocephala VU -' Bl+2bcde Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. * Algeria, White-headed Duck New Zealand Bangladesh, Belgium, Bhutan, VU -' A2e Anas bernieri Cameroon, Central African Republic, Afghanistan, Algeria, France, Iran, Madagascar Teal Chad, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania, France, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, EN =' C2b Libya, Mali, Malta, Myanmar, * Madagascar Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Anasformosa Oman, Pakistan, Senegal, Sudan, China, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, India, Baikal Teal Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Pakistan, VU '' Made, D2 United Arab Emirates, Viet Nam, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan Russia. * China, Japan, North Korea, Yemen Polysticta stelleri Korea, Taiwan ruficollis South Branta Steller's Eider Red-breasted Goose Anas laysanensis VU -' Ala VU -' A2cd, Bl-H2cd Duck Russia, USA. * Denmark, Estonia, Laysan * Russia. Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, VU =' Dl+2 Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Romania, Poland, Sweden USA Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine Rhodonessa caryophyllacea Anas wyvilliana Branta sandvicensis Pink-headed Duck Hawaiian Duck Nene CR '-' Dl VU -' D2 VU =' DI India, Myarmiar, Nepal USA [int] (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Salvadorina waigiuensis Anser cygnoides Cairina scutulata Salvadori's Teal Goose White-winged Duck Swan -' " Cl-h2a VU C2a VU -' Alcd+2cd EN Indonesia, Papua New Guinea China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Cambodia?, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Russia. * China, Japan, North Korea, Somateria fischeri Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam South Korea, Taiwan Spectacled Eider Dendrocygna arborea VU =' Ala Anser erythropus West Indian Whistling-duck Russia, USA Lesser White-fronted Goose VU '' C2a =' Stictonetta naevosa VU Alacd Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, * Freckled Duck Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden. Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican '-' Bl-H3d Albania, Bulgaria, China, Greece, Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto VU Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, Turks and Australia Latvia, Pakistan, Romania, Turkey, Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands Tadorna cristata Turkmenistan, Yugoslavia (British), Virgin Islands (US) Crested Shelduck Aythya baeri Hymenolaimus malacorhynchus CR -' Dl Baer's Pochard Blue Duck China?, North Korea?, Russia. * 2' VU "' Alac.Cl VU C2a China?, Japan, South Korea China, North Korea?, Russia. * New Zealand Bangladesh, Hong Kong, India, Marmaronetta angustirostris Order Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, South Marbled Teal FALCONIFORMES Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam VU " A2c Family CATHARXmAE Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Aythya innotata Azerbaijan, China?, Egypt?, Georgia, Madagascar Pochard Gymnogyps californianus Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, ^-' Dl California Condor OR Morocco, Pakistan?, Russia, Senegal, Madagascar CR -' Dl Spain, Tajikistan, Tunisia (ex?), * USA [re-int] Aythya nyroca Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Chad, Egypt, India, Mali, Morocco, Ferruginous Duck Family ACdPIXRTOAE Pakistan, Turkey VU 2' Alacd Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Mergus octosetaceus Accipiter brachyurus Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia Brazilian Merganser New Britain Sparrowhawk and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, CR -' A2ce,C2a,Dl VU =' CI Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Papua New Guinea

32 Birds

Accipiter gundlachi Eutriorchis astur Spizaetus nanus Gundlach's Hawk Madagascar Serpent-eagle Wallace's Hawk-eagle " -' EN C2a OR Cl+2a VU -' A1c-h2c, Cl-H2a Cuba Madagascar Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand Accipiter imitator Gyps coprotheres Cape Griffon Imitator Sparrowhawk Spizaetus philippensis -' EN " C2a VU Alade+2de,Cl+2b Philippine Hawk-eagle Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands VU -' Alc-t-2c, Cl+2a Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe Phihppines Aquila adaWerti (ex). * Swaziland Spanish Imperial Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus ^' VU Dl Pallas' s Sea-eagle Algeria Portugal, Spain. * (ex), VU ^' Cl+2b Family FALCONIDAE Morocco Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Falco araea Aquila clanga Myarmiar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia?, Tajikistan, Seychelles Kestrel Greater Spotted Eagle Uzbekistan. * Afghanistan VU =' Dl VU '' C2a Haliaeetus pelagicus Seychelles Belarus, China, Finland, India, Iran, Steller's Sea-eagle Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova, Falco fasciinucha =' Mongolia, Pakistan, Poland, VU Cl+2b Taita Falcon * Romania, Russia, Ukraine. * Russia. Japan, North Korea?, South VU " C1,D1 Korea Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Cambodia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Haliaeetus sanfordi Mozambique, South Africa, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greece, Sanford's Fish-eagle Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe Hong Kong, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, VU -' Cl+2a Falco hypoleucos Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Grey Falcon Lebanon, Malaysia, Morocco, Haliaeetus vociferoides VU -' C2b Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Saudi Madagascar Fish-eagle Australia Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Sudan, CR ' C2b Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, United Madagascar Falco naumanni Arab Emirates, Viet Nam, Yemen Lesser Kestrel Harpyhaliaetus coronatus VU -' A lace Aquila heliaca Crowned Eagle Afghanistan, Albania?, Algeria, Imperial Eagle VU -' C2b Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, VU =' C2a Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, France, Albania?, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Umguay Georgia, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Harpyopsis novaeguineae Iran, Iraq?, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, New Guinea Harpy Eagle Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon?, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, VU -' Cl-i-2b Libya, Macedonia, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Mongolia, Morocco, Poland?, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Leucopternis lacernulata Yugoslavia. * Afghanistan, Arabia, Slovenia, Spain, White-necked Hawk Bangladesh, Djibouti, Egypt, Switzerland?, Syria, Tajikistan, -' Cl+2a, Dl Ethiopia, Hong Kong, India, Iraq, VU Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Brazil * Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Laos, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. Lebanon, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Leucopternis occidentalis Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, United Grey-backed Hawk Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Arab Emirates, Viet Nam, Yemen EN ^' C2a Central African Republic, Chad, Ecuador, Peru Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Cyprus, Buteo galapagoensis Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Galapagos Hawk Lophoictinia isura Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Square-tailed Kite VU " Dl Guinea-Bissau?, India, Iraq, Kenya, '-' C2b Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Australia Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Buteo ridgwayi Pithecophagajefferyi Malta, Mauritania, Mozambique, Hispaniolan Hawk Philippine Eagle Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, ^' Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, EN C2a CR " CI Poland, Dominican Republic, Haiti Qatar, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Philippines Leone?, Somalia, South Africa, Erythrotriorchis radiatus Spizaetus bartelsi Sudan, Tanzania, Togo?, Turkey, Red Goshawk Javan Hawk-eagle Uganda, United Arab Emirates, EN ^' C2b EN =' Cl+2b Western Sahara?, Yemen, Zaire, Australia Indonesia Zambia, Zimbabwe

33 Threatened Species

Falco punctatus Oreophasis derbianus Arborophila cambodiana Mauritius Kestrel Homed Guan Chestnut-headed Partridge EN -' Dl VU 2' C2a VU -' B1-I-2C, ClH-2a Mauritius Guatemala, Mexico Cambodia, Thailand Micrastur plumbeus Ortalis erythroptera Arborophila charltonii Plumbeous Forest-falcon Rufous-headed Chachalaca Chestnut-necklaced Partridge EN =' C2a VU =' Cl-i-2a VU 2' Ale Colombia, Ecuador Ecuador, Peru Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Pauxi pauxi Viet Nam Order GALLIFORMES Northern Helmeted Curassow Arborophila davidi EN -' C2a Orange-necked Partridge Family MEGAPODIffiAE Colombia, Venezuela CR -' Bl-h2c,Cl Aepypodius bruijnii Pauxi unicornis Viet Nam Bruijn's Brush-turkey Southern Helmeted Curassow Arborophila gingiva VU " Dl " EN C2a White-necklaced Partridge Indonesia Bolivia, Peru VU '-' Cl+2a Leipoa ocellata Penelope albipennis China Malleefowl White-winged Guan Arborophila mandellii VU -' Alce+2ce, Cl+2a CR -' C2a Chestnut-breasted Partridge Australia Peru VU =' Cl-H2a Macrocephalon maleo Penelope barbata Bhutan, China, India Maleo Bearded Guan

'-' Arborophila merlini VU Cl+2a VU -' A2cd, Cl-i-2a Annam Partridge Indonesia Ecuador, Peru EN -' Bl-f2c Megapodius laperouse Penelope ochrogaster Viet Nam Micronesian Scrubfowl Chestnut-bellied Guan '-' Arborophila nifipectus VU CI VU =' C2a Guam (ex), Northern Marianas, Palau Brazil Sichuan Partridge CR -' BI-H2C Megapodius layardi Penelope ortoni China Vanuatu Scrubfowl Baudo Guan VU -' A2cd VU =' Alcd-f2cd, Cl-f2a Catreus wallichi Vanuatu Colombia, Ecuador Cheer Pheasant -' C2a Megapodius nicobariensis Penelope perspicax VU Nicobar Scrubfowl Cauca Guan India, Nepal, Pakistan VU '-' CI EN -' C2a Crossoptilon crossoptilon India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) Colombia White Eared-pheasant

=' Megapodius pritchardii Pipile jacutinga VU C2a Niaufoou Scrubfowl Black-fronted Piping-guan China EN -' Bl+2e,C2a VU '-' C2a Crossoptilon harmani Tonga Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Tibetan Eared-pheasant Megapodius wallacei Pipile pipile VU =' C2a Moluccan Scrubfowl Trinidad Piping-guan China

-' VU A2cd,Cl CR ^' C2a Crossoptilon mantchuricum Indonesia Trinidad and Tobago Brown Eared-pheasant

=' Family CRACIDAE Family PHASIANmAE VU B1+2C China Crax alberti Afropavo congensis Blue-billed Curassow Congo Peafowl Dendrortyx barbatus

'-' Bearded Wood-partridge OR C2a VU ^' C2b ' Colombia Zaire CR A2cd Mexico Crax blumenbachii Agelastes meleagrides Red-billed Curassow White-breasted Guineafowl Francolinus camerunensis CR -' C2a VU -' Alcd+2cd Mount Cameroon Francolin " Brazil Cote d'lvoire, Ghana (ex?), Guinea, VU D2 Cameroon Crax globulosa Liberia, Sierra Leone Wattled Curassow Arborophila ardens Francolinus griseostriatus VU -' Alcd+2cd,Cl+2a Hainan Partridge Grey-striped Francolin Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, EN ' Alcd.CI VU -' Bl+2bc, C2a Peru China Angola

34 Birds

Francolinus gularis Lophura inornata Tragopan blythii Swamp Francolin Salvadori's Pheasant Blyth's Tragopan VU '-' Ale VU ^' Cl+2a VU ^' Cl+2a Bangladesh, India, Nepal Indonesia Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar

Francolinus harwoodi Odontophorus strophium Tragopan caboti Harwood's Francolin Gorgeted Wood-quail Cabot's Tragopan =' VU ^' Bl+2c,C2a EN B1+2C VU '-' Cl-^2a Ethiopia Colombia China Ophrysia superciliosa Francolinus ochropectus Tragopan melanocephalus Djibouti Francolin Himalayan Quail ' Western Tragopan '' CR Dl CR Alac+2c VU '-' Cl+2a Djibouti India China, India, Nepal?, Pakistan Francolinus swierstrai Pavo muticus Xenoperdix udzungwensis Swierstra's Francolin Green Peafowl -' Udzungwa Forest-partridge VU '' Bl+2abc,C2a VU Alcd+2cd EN ^' Bl+2e Angola Bangladesh (ex?), Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Tanzania Lophophorus Ihuysii Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Chinese Monal Perdicula manipurensis VU =' C2a Manipur Bush-quail Order GRUIFORMES China VU -' Cl+2a Family Lophophorus sclateri Bangladesh, India MESITORNITHIDAE Sclater's Monal Polyplectron emphanum Mesitomis unicolor VU 2' Cl+2a Palawan Peacock-pheasant Brown Mesite China, India, Myanmar ^' EN C2a VU -' A2c,Cl-l-2a Lophura bulweri Philippines Madagascar Bulwer's Pheasant Polyplectron germaini '' Mesitomis variegata VU C2a Germain's Peacock-pheasant Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia White-breasted Mesite VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a VU -' A2e, Bl+2ac Lophura diardi Laos?, Viet Nam Madagascar Siamese Fireback Polyplectron inopinatum VU ^' Alcd+2cd Mountain Peacock-pheasant Monias benschi Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam Subdesert Mesite VU -' Bl+2c, Cl+2a ^' Lophura edwardsi Malaysia VU A2c, Bl+2ce,Cl+2b Madagascar Edwards's Pheasant Polyplectron malacense CR ' B1+2C, Cl+2a, Dl Malayan Peacock-pheasant Family TURNICIDAE Viet Nam VU " Alc+2c, Cl+2a Lophura erythrophthalma Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand Turnix castanota Crestless Fireback Polyplectron schleiermacheri Chestnut-backed Buttonquail VU ^' Alc+2c Bomean Peacock-pheasant VU -' C2a Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia CR -' Ale, CI Australia Indonesia, Malaysia Lophura hatinensis Turnix everetti Vietnamese Pheasant Rheinardia ocellata Sumba Buttonquail =' EN Bl+2c, CI Crested Argus VU -' Cl-H2a, Dl Viet Nam VU ^' Aled Indonesia Laos, Malaysia, Viet Nam Lophura hoogerwerfi Turnix melanogaster Sumatran Pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti Black-breasted Buttonquail VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a Elliot's Pheasant EN " C2a ^' Indonesia VU Cl+2a Australia China Lophura ignita Turnix olivii Crested Fireback Syrmaticus humiae Buff-breasted Buttonquail VU -' Alcd+2cd Hume's Pheasant EN " C2b Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, VU ^' Cl+2a Australia Myanmar, Thailand China, India, Myanmar, Thailand Lophura imperialis Syrmaticus reevesii Turnix worcesteri Imperial Pheasant Reeves's Pheasant Worcester's Buttonquail -' " Dl CR -' Cl+2b VU Alc,Cl-i-2a VU Laos?, Viet Nam China, Czech Republic [int] Philippines

35 Threatened Species

Family PEDIONOMIDAE Atlantisia rogersi Gallirallus lafresnayanus Inaccessible Rail New Caledonian Rail Pedionomus torquatus VU -' D2 CR 2' C2a Plains-wanderer St Helena (Tristan da Cunha) New Caledonia (ex?) VU -' B2c+3d Coturnicops exquisitus Gallirallus okinawae Australia Swinhoe's Rail Okinawa Rail

-' Family GRUIDAE VU -' Cl+2a EN Bl+2c,C2b China, Russia. * Japan, North Korea, Japan (Nansei-shoto) Grus americana South Korea Gallirallus sylvestris Whooping Crane Crex crex Lord Howe Rail EN -' Dl Corncrake EN =' Dl Canada. * Mexico (ex), USA VU -' Alac Australia Grus carunculatus Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia?, Gymnocrex rosenbergii Wattled Crane Austria, Azerbaijan (ex?), Belaras, Bald-faced Rail -' A2cd, CI Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, VU VU " Cl+2a Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Indonesia Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Republic, Denmark, Estonia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zaire, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Habroptila wallacii Ireland, Italy, Zambia, Zimbabwe Greece, Hungary, Iran, Invisible Rail Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, VU " CI Grus japonensis Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Indonesia Red-crowned Crane Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, VU -' Cl+2a Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Laterallus levraudi * China, Japan, Mongolia, Russia. Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Rusty-flanked Crake North Korea, South Korea Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey?, VU =' A1C-I-2C, Bl-H2c,Cl+2a Ukraine, United Kingdom, Grus leucogeranus Venezuela Yugoslavia. * Algeria, Botswana, Siberian Crane Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Iraq, Laterallus tuerosi =' A2cd EN Israel, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Juni'n Rail * China, Mongolia?, Russia. Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, EN ^' BH2c Afghanistan, India, Iran, Pakistan Namibia, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Peru Arabia, South Africa, Sudan, Grus nigricollis Laterallus xenopterus Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia, Black-necked Crane Rufous-faced Crake Uganda, United -' Turkmenistan, VU CI -' Alc+2c Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zaire, VU China, India. * Bhutan, Myanmar, Zambia, Zimbabwe Brazil, Paraguay Viet Nam Cyanolimnas cerverai Lewinia mirificus Grus paradisea Zapata Rail Brown-banded Rail Blue Crane -' CR -' C2b EN C2b VU -' Alac+2c,Cl+2a Cuba Philippines Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland Fulica alai Lewinia muelleri Hawaiian Coot Auckland Islands Rail

Grus vipio '-' -' VU D2 White-naped Crane VU D2 USA New Zealand VU -' CI China, Mongolia, Russia. * Japan, Fulica cornuta Nesoclopeus woodfordi North Korea, South Korea Homed Coot Woodford's Rail ^' VU -' C2a EN C2a Family RALLIDAE Argentina, Bolivia, Chile Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands

Amaurornis olivieri Gallinula nesiotis Porphyria mantelli Sakalava Rail Cough Moorhen Takahe OR ^' C2a VU '-' D2 EN -' Dl Madagascar St Helena (Tristan da Cunha) New Zealand

Aramides wolfi Gallinula pacifica Porzana atra Brown Wood-rail Samoan Moorhen Henderson Crake VU " Ale CR " Dl VU =' D2 Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Western Samoa Pitcaim Islands

Aramidopsis plateni Gallinula silvestris Porzana spiloptera Snoring Rail San Cristobal Moorhen Dot-winged Crake VU -' Cl+2a CR -' C2b VU -' A2c,Cl-H2a Indonesia Solomon Islands Argentina, Umguay

36 Birds

Rallina canningi Otis tarda Charadrius sanctaehelenae Andaman Crake Great Bustard St Helena Plover VU -' CI VU -' A2c EN -' Cl-h2b India Austria, China, Czech Republic, St Helena Germany, Hungary, Iran, Charadrius thoracicus Rallus antarcticus Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Madagascar Plover Austral Rail Mongolia, Morocco, Portugal, -' CR " Dl Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, VU Bl+2e,C2b Argentina, Chile Syria?, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Madagascar Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. * Rallus semiplumbeus Thinomis novaeseelandiae Afghanistan?, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bogota Rail Shore Plover Iraq, Syria, Turkmenistan, -' -' EN Dl EN B1+2C, C2a Yugoslavia Colombia, Ecuador? New Zealand (Chatham Is)

Rallus wetmorei Vanellus gregarius Sociable Lapwing Plain-flanked Rail Order CHARADRIIFORMES -' Cl+2a EN ^' A2c,C2a VU Mac, * Venezuela Family HAEMATOPODIDAE Kazakhstan, Russia. Egypt, Eritrea, Etliiopia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Sarothrura ayresi Haematopus chathamensis Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi White-winged Flufftail Chatham Islands Oystercatcher Arabia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tajikistan, -' EN -' Bl+2abc-H3abc EN Dl Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ethiopia (ex?). South Africa, New Zealand Yemen Zambia, Zimbabwe Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE Family SCOLOPACroAE Sarothrura watersi Himantopus novaezelandiae Slender-billed Hufftail Coenocorypha pusilla Black Stilt EN ^' Bl-f2c,C2b Chatham Islands Snipe CR =' Dl Madagascar VU =' D2 New Zealand * New Zealand Family HELIORNITHIDAE Family GLAREOLffiAE Eurynorhynchus pygmeus Spoon-billed Sandpiper Heliopais personata Rhinoptilus bitorquatus '-' Masked Finfoot Jerdon's Courser VU Cl+2b Russia. * Bangladesh, China, Hong VU '' Cl+2a EN -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Cambodia?, India, Laos, India Myanmar, North Korea, Singapore, Myanmar, Thailand?, Viet Nam. * South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Cambodia?, Indonesia, Malaysia, Family CHARADRIIDAE Thailand, Viet Nam Thailand, Viet Nam Atiarhynchus frontalis Wrybill Gallinago nemoricola Family RHYNOCHETIDAE Snipe VU ^' C2a Wood New Zealand VU =' C2a Rhynochetos jubatus Bhutan, China, India, Nepal. * Charadrius melodus Kagu Bangladesh, Laos, Myanmar, ^' Piping Plover EN C2a Pakistan, Thailand, Viet Nam New Caledonia VU -' C2a Canada, USA. * Bahamas, Barbados, Numenius borealis Family OXromAE Bermuda, Cuba, Dominican Eskimo Curlew Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, CR =' Dl Ardeotis nigriceps Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British), Canada, USA?. * Argentina, Brazil, Great Indian Bustard Virgin Islands (US) Chile, French Guiana, Guyana,

-' Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay EN C2b Charadrius montanus * India, Pakistan Mountain Plover Numenius tahitiensis -' Curlew Eupodotis bengalensis VU Ale Bristle-thighed (ex), USA. * Mexico -' Bengal Florican Canada VU C2b EN " C2a Charadrius obscurus USA. * American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federated States of Bhutan?, Cambodia?, India, Nepal, New Zealand Dotterel Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Viet Nam EN ^' C2a Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand Eupodotis indica New Zealand, Nine, Norfolk Island, Lesser Florican Charadrius rubricollis Northern Marianas, Pitcaim Islands, CR ^' Ala Hooded Plover Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, US Minor " Pacific Islands, (Hawaiian Is), India, Nepal. * Bangladesh?, Nepal, VU C2a USA Pakistan Australia Western Samoa

37 Threatened Species

Numenius tenuirostris Sterna acuticauda Columba eversmanni Slender-billed Curlew Black-bellied Tern Pale-backed Pigeon

'-' CR -' C2b VU -' CI VU Ala Russia. * Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Italy, Morocco, Romania, Tunisia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Viet Nam Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. * India, Pakistan Prosobonia cancellata Sterna bernsteini Columba inornata Tuamotu Sandpiper Chinese Crested-tern Plain Pigeon EN ^' C2a CR " Dl EN -' C2a French Polynesia, Kiribati (ex) China?. * Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Scolopax mira Jamaica, Puerto Rico Amami Woodcock Sterna nereis Columba junoniae -' Bl+2ce,Cl Fairy Tern VU A2e, White-tailed Laurel Pigeon Japan VU 2' C2a VU 2' C2a Australia, New Caledonia, New Spain (Canary Is) Scolopax rochussenii Zealand Moluccan Woodcock Columba mayeri =' Sterna virgata VU Dl+2 Pink Pigeon Kerguelen Tern Indonesia CR ' Dl " A2e,Cl VU Mauritius Tringa guttifer France, French Southern and

Nordmann's Greenshank Antarctic Territories (Crozet Is, Columba oenops =' EN CI Kerguelen Is), South Africa Peruvian Pigeon Russia. * Bangladesh, Cambodia?, VU -' Bl+2bc,C2a China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Family RHYNCHOPmAE Peru Japan, Laos?, Malaysia, Myanmar, Columba oliviae North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, Rynchops albicollis Somali Pigeon South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Indian Skimmer =' C2a Viet Nam VU " Cl+2a VU Somalia Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Family LARTOAE Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan Columba pallidiceps Yellow-legged Pigeon Chlidonias albostriatus Family ALCIDAE CR -' C2a Black-fronted Tern Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands =' VU C2a Synthliboramphus wumizusume (ex?) New 21ealand Japanese Murrelet Columba punicea VU " c\ Lams atlanticus Pale-capped Pigeon Japan. * North Korea, Russia, South Olrog's Gull '-' Korea VU Cl+2a VU -' A2cd, Cl+2b Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Argentina. * Brazil, Uruguay Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam

Larus fuliginosus Order COLUMBIFORMES Columba thomensis Lava CjuII Maroon Pigeon VU ^' Dl Family COLUMBmAE VU -' Dl Ecuador Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) Ctaravis godefrida Columba torringtoni Larus leucophthalmus Purple-winged Ground-dove Sri Lanka Wood-pigeon White-eyed Gull CR -' C2b -' -' VU Bl-H2c,Cl+2a VU CI Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Sri Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Saudi Lanka * Columba argentina Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen. Columbina cyanopis Silvery Wood-pigeon Kenya (ex) Blue-eyed Ground-dove -' VU Cl+2a 2' Larus saundersi CR C2a Indonesia, Malaysia Saunders's Gull Brazil EN ^' A2cde Columba bollii Didunculus strigirostris China. * Hong Kong, Japan, North Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon Tooth-billed Pigeon ' Korea?, South Korea?, Taiwan, VU C2a VU -' CI Viet Nam Spain (Canary Is) Western Samoa

Rissa brevirostris Columba caribaea Drepanoptila holosericea Red-legged Kittiwake Ring-tailed Pigeon Cloven-feathered Dove VU '-' Ala CR -' A2cd VU ^' C2b Russia, USA Jamaica New Caledonia

38 Birds

Ducula aurorae Gallicolumba kubaryi Ptilinopus arcanus Polynesian Imperial-pigeon Caroline Islands Ground-dove Negros Fruit-dove VU ^' Dl+2 EN -' Bl+2e, C2a CR -' Bl+2ce,C2b, Dl French Polynesia Federated States of Micronesia Philippines Ducula bakeri Gallicolumba menagei Ptilinopus chalcurus Vanuatu Imperial-pigeon Sulu Bleeding-heart Makatea Fruit-dove VU " C2a CR ' Bl+2ce,C2b VU -' Dl+2 Vanuatu Philippines French Polynesia

Ducula brenchleyi Gallicolumba platenae Ptilinopus dohertyi Chestnut-bellied Imperial-pigeon Mindoro Bleeding-heart Red-naped Fruit-dove EN '-' A2c CR '' Bl+2c,C2a VU =' Bl+2c,Cl Solomon Islands Philippines Indonesia

Ducula carola Gallicolumba rubescens Ptilinopus granulifrons Spotted Imperial-pigeon Marquesan Ground-dove Carunculated Fruit-dove ' VU 2' A2cd,Cl+2a EN ^' Dl VU A2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2b Philippines French Polynesia Indonesia Ducula cineracea Gallicolumba salamonis Ptilinopus huttoni Timor Imperial-pigeon Thick-billed Ground-dove Rapa Fruit-dove ^' VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a CR -' C2a, Dl VU Dl+2 French Polynesia Indonesia Solomon Islands Ptilinopus insularis Ducula galeata Gallicolumba sanctaecrucis Henderson Fruit-dove Marquesan Imperial-pigeon Santa Cruz Ground-dove VU ^' D2 CR =' Bl+2e,C2b VU -' A2c,Cl Pitcaim Islands French Polynesia Solomon Islands, Vanuatu Ptilinopus marchei Ducula goliath Geotrygon carrikeri Flame-breasted Fruit-dove New Caledonian Imperial-pigeon Veracruz Quail-dove VU -' A2cd, Bl+2ce,Cl+2a VU " C2b EN " A2c,Cl+2a Philippines New Caledonia Mexico Starnoenas cyanocephala Ducula mindorensis Goura cristata Blue-headed Quail-dove Mindoro Imperial-pigeon Western Crowned-pigeon EN '' C2a ^' ' EN Bl+2c, C2a VU Alacd+2cd,Cl+2a Cuba Philippines Indonesia Treron psittacea Ducula pickeringii Goura scheepmakeri Timor Green-pigeon Grey Imperial-pigeon Southern Crowned-pigeon VU ^' Alc,Cl+2a -' ^' VU Bl+2cde, Cl+2a VU Alacd+2cd Indonesia Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Turacoena modesta Ducula whartoni Goura victoria Black Cuckoo-dove Victoria Crowned-pigeon Christmas Island Imperial-pigeon VU =' Alc,Cl+2a -' VU =' D2 VU Alacd+2cd,Cl+2a Indonesia Christmas Island Indonesia, Papua New Guinea

Gallicolumba criniger Leptotila conoveri Order PSITTACIFORMES Mindanao Bleeding-heart Tolima Dove VU '-' C2a EN '• C2a Family PSlTTACmAE Philippines Colombia Agapomis nigrigenis Gallicolumba erythroptera Leptotila ochraceiventris Black-cheeked Lovebird Polynesian Ground-dove Ochre-bellied Dove EN =' C2b -' -' CR C2a VU A 1 C-I-2C, B 1 +2cd, C 1 +2a Botswana, Namibia?, Zambia, French Polynesia Ecuador, Peru Zimbabwe (ex?)

Gallicolumba hoedtii Leptotila wellsi Amazona agilis Wetar Ground-dove Grenada Dove Black-billed Amazon VU =' Cl+2a CR -' A2ce, Bl+2ce,Cl+2b VU ^' C2a Indonesia Grenada Jamaica

Gallicolumba keayi Phapitreron cinereiceps Amazona arausiaca Negros Bleeding-heart Dark-eared Brown-dove Red-necked Amazon CR -' Bl-H2ce,C2a VU " A2cd,Cl VU ^' Dl+2 Philippines Philippines Dominica

39 Threatened Species

Amazona barbadensis Ara glaucogularis Cacatiia sulphurea Yellow-shouldered Amazon Blue-throated Macaw Yellow-crested Cockatoo VU '-' C2a EN -' C2b EN -' Alcd-H2cd Aruba (ex?), Netherlands Antilles, Argentina?, Bolivia, Paraguay? Hong Kong [int], Indonesia, Venezuela Singapore Ara maracana Amazona brasiliensis Blue-winged Macaw Calyptorhynchus baudinii Red-tailed Amazon VU -' Alac,Cl+2a White-tailed Black-cockatoo -' ^' EN A2cd Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay VU C2a Brazil Australia Ara milUaris Amazona guildingii Military Macaw Calyptorhynchus lathami St Vincent Amazon Glossy Black-cockatoo VU -' Alc,C2a =' VU Dl+2 =' C2a Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, VU St Vincent Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Australia Amazona imperialis Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Calyptorhynchus latirostris Imperial Amazon Venezuela Slender-billed Black-cockatoo VU -' Dl+2 VU =' C2a Dominica Ara rubrogenys Red-fronted Macaw Australia Amazona oratrix EN -' C2a Charmosyna amabilis Yellow-headed Amazon Bolivia Red-throated Lorikeet EN -' Alacd VU =' C2a, Dl Belize, Guatemala?, Mexico, Puerto Aratinga auricapitla Fiji Rico [int] Golden-capped Parakeet

^' Amazona pretrei VU Alac, Cl-l-2a Charmosyna diadema Red-spectacled Amazon Brazil New Caledonian Lorikeet " =' EN Dl EN A2cd, CI Aratinga brevipes New Caledonia (ex?) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay?, Socorro Parakeet Uruguay VU -' Dl Charmosyna toxopei Amazona rhodocorytha Mexico Blue-fronted Lorikeet Red-browed Amazon VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2b,Dl Aratinga chloroptera EN '-' C2a Indonesia Hispaniolan Parakeet Brazil Cyanopsitta spixii VU ^' C2a Amazona versicolor Spix's Macaw Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto St Lucia Amazon -' Rico (ex) CR Dl VU =' D1-H2 Brazil St Lucia Aratinga euops Cuban Parakeet Cyanoramphus cookii Amazona vinacea -' Norfolk Island Parakeet Vinaceous Amazon VU Alcd, B1-H2C, Cl+2a CR -' Dl -' Cuba EN Alacd Norfolk Island Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Aratinga guarouba Cyanoramphus unicolor Amazona viridigenalis Golden Parakeet Antipodes Parakeet Green-cheeked Amazon EN -' C2b VU ^' D2 EN ' Alacd Brazil New Zealand Mexico, Puerto Rico [int], USA [int] Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons Eos cyanogenia Amazona vittata Rufous-fronted Parakeet Black- winged Lory Puerto Rican Amazon EN -' C2a VU -' Alcd, B1-H2C, CI CR -' Dl Colombia Indonesia Puerto Rico Cacatua alba Amazona xanthops Eos histrio White Cockatoo Yellow-faced Amazon Red-and-blue Lory ^' VU A2cd =' VU -' Ale EN Alcd+2cd, Bl-H2cde,Cl Indonesia Bolivia, Brazil Indonesia Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Cacattia haematiiropygia Eunymphicus cornutus Hyacinth Macaw Philippine Cockatoo Homed Parakeet -' " VU -' Alcd-i-2cd CR Alcd VU CI Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay Philippines New Caledonia Anodorhynchus leari Cacatua moluccensis Forpus xanthops Lear's Macaw Salmon-crested Cockatoo Yellow-faced Parrotlet CR -' Dl VU -' Alcd+2cd,Bl-h2ce VU " Alad, Bl-H2ce,Cl+2a Brazil Indonesia, Singapore [int] Peru

40 Birds t

Geopsittacus occidentalis VU -' B2c+3d, C2a Pyrrhura cruentata Night Parrot Australia Blue-chested Parakeet 2' -' Ale, Bl-l-2c,C2a CR C2a Polytelis swainsonii VU Australia Superb Parrot Brazil Hapalopsittaca amazonina VU -' C2b Pyrrhura orcesi Rusty-faced Parrot Australia El Oro Parakeet EN -' CI Prioniturus luconensis VU -' Bl+2c, C2a Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela Green Racquet-tail Ecuador

-' Hapalopsittaca fuertesi EN Alcd,C2a Pyrrhura viridicata Fuertes's Parrot Philippines Santa Marta Parakeet =' CR Dl Prioniturus montanus VU =' Cl+2b Colombia Luzon Racquet-tail Colombia Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops VU -' A2cd, Cl+2a Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha Red-faced Parrot Philippines Thick-billed Parrot EN -' A2c,Cl-h2a Prioniturus platenae EN -' A2c, Cl-H2a Ecuador, Peru Blue-headed Racquet-tail Mexico, USA [int] Lathamus discolor VU =' Cl+2a Rhynchopsitta terrisi Swift Parrot Phihppines Maroon-fronted Parrot VU -' Bl+2c, C2b Prioniturus verticalis VU -' B1-I-2C, C2a Australia Blue-winged Racquet-tail Mexico Leptosittaca branickii EN '-' C2a Golden-plumed Parakeet Philippines Tanygnathus gramineus Black-lored Parrot VU -' Alc+2c, Cl+2a Prioniturus waterstradti VU =' D2 Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Mindanao Racquet-tail Indonesia Loriculus catamene VU -' C2a Sangihe Hanging-parrot Philippines Tanygnathus lucionensis EN -' Bl+2c,Cl+2b Psephotus chrysopterygius Blue-naped Parrot =' Indonesia Golden-shouldered Parrot EN Alcd Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines Loriculus flosculus EN -' C2b Wallace's Hanging-parrot Australia Touit melanonota VU ^' Bl+2c,Cl+2a Psittacula echo Brown-backed Parrotlet Indonesia Mauritius Parakeet EN '' C2a Lorius domicella CR -' Dl Brazil Purple-naped Lory Mauritius Touit stictoptera VU -' Bl+2e, CI Psittacula intermedia Spot-winged Parrotlet Indonesia Intermediate Parakeet VU -' C2a Lorius garrulus VU =' Dl Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Chattering Lory India? Touit surda 2' VU A2cd Psittaculirostris salvadorii Golden-tailed Parrotlet Indonesia Salvadori's Fig-parrot EN -' C2a '-' Neophema chrysogaster VU A2cd Brazil Orange-bellied Parrot Indonesia Trichoglossus johnstoniae " Dl EN Psitteuteles iris Lorikeet * Mindanao Australia Iris Lorikeet VU -' Cl-h2a -' Cl-f2a Neophema splendida VU Philippines Scarlet-chested Parrot Indonesia Triclaria malachitacea VU -' B2c-H3d Psittrichas fulgidus Blue-bellied Parrot Australia Pesquet's Parrot EN -' C2a meridionalis VU -' Ald+2cd Nestor Argentina, Brazil New Zealand Kaka Indonesia, Papua New Guinea -' Vini kuhlii VU C2a Pyrrhura albipectus New Zealand White-necked Parakeet Kuhl's Lorikeet EN -' BlH-2e,C2a Ognorhynchus icterotis VU -' C2a French Polynesia, Kiribati [int] Yellow-eared Parrot Ecuador CR -' C2a Pyrrhura calliptera Vini peruviana Colombia, Ecuador Flame-winged Parakeet Blue Lorikeet -' -' Bl+2d,C2a Polytelis alexandrae VU Alc+2c,Cl+2a VU French Polynesia Alexandra's Parrot Colombia Cook Islands,

41 Threatened Species

Vini stepheni Order STRIGIFORMES Ninox rudolfi Henderson Lorikeet Sumba Boobook -' VU •' D2 Family TYTONIDAE VU B1-H2C, CI Pitcaim Islands Indonesia Phodilus prigoginei Ninox strenua Vini ultramarina Congo Bay-owl Powerful Owl Ultramarine Lorikeet -' Bl-H2ac,C2a VU VU =' C2b EN -' Bl+2bd Burundi?, Zaire Australia French Polynesia Tyto aurantiu Otus angelinae Bismarck Masked-owl Javan Scops-owl Order CUCULIFORMES VU -' C2b VU -' Dl+2 Papua New Guinea Indonesia Family MUSOPHAGIDAE Tyto manusi Otus capnodes Manus Masked-owl Anjouan Scops-owl Tauraco bannermani '-' VU '-' Dl CR C2a Bannerman's Turaco Papua New Guinea Comoros VU ^' Ale, Bl+2b, C2b Otus fuliginosus Cameroon nigrobrunnea Tyto Palawan Scops-owl Taliabu Masked-owl Tauraco nispolii VU =' Alc+2c, Cl-h2a VU =' C2b, Dl Prince Ruspoli's Turaco Philippines Indonesia 2' EN C2a Otus insularis Ethiopia Tyto soumagnei Seychelles Scops-owl Madagascar Red Owl CR -' C2b Family CUCULIDAE EN " C2a Seychelles Madagascar (ex?) Carpococcyx radiceus Otus ireneae Sunda Ground-cuckoo Sokoke Scops-owl =' -' VU D2 VU C2a Family STRIGIDAE Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Kenya, Tanzania? Otus longicornis Centropus chlororhynchus Athene blewitti Luzon Scops-owl Green-billed Coucal Forest Owlet ^' Dl VU =' C2a EN -' B1-I-2C CR India (ex?) Philippines Sri Lanka Otus mindorensis Bubo philippensis Centropus nigrorufus Mindoro Scops-owl Sunda Coucal Philippine Eagle-owl VU -' Ale, B1-I-2C, Cl-H2a -' -' EN C2a. VU Alc,Cl+2a Philippines Indonesia Philippines Otus minis Centropus steerii Bubo vosseleri Mindanao Scops-owl Usambara Eagle-owl Black-hooded Coucal VU =' B1-I-2C, Cl-H2a -' OR -' Alc,CI+2a,Dl VU Bl+2ac,C2b Philippines Tanzania Philippines Otus pauliani Coccyzus ferrugineus Glaucidium albertinum Grand Comoro Scops-owl Cocos Cuckoo Albertine Owlet CR -' Bl-H2abc, C2b -' VU '' D2 VU Bl+2acd Comoros Costa Rica Rwanda, Zaire Otus sagittatus White-fronted Scops-owl Hyetornis rufigularis Ketupa blakistoni VU ^' A1C-I-2C, Cl-^2a Rufous-breasted Cuckoo Blakiston's Fish-owl Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, VU -' Alacd, Cl-H2a EN -' Cl+2a Thailand Dominican Republic, Haiti China, Japan, Russia Scotopelia ussheri Neomorphus radiolosus Mimizuku gurneyi Rufous Fishing-owl Lesser Eagle-owl Banded Ground-cuckoo EN -' C2a '' " C2a EN C2a EN Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Colombia, Ecuador Philippines Liberia, Sierra Leone Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus Nesasio solomonensis Strix davidi Red-faced Malkoha Fearful Owl Sichuan Wood-owl VU -' Alc,Cl+2a VU -' C2a VU '-' Cl-H2a Sri Lanka Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands China

42 Birds

Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES Collocalia whiteheadi Eriocnemis nigrivestis Whitehead's Swiftlet Black-breasted Puffleg Family AEGOTHELIDAE VU -' BI+2c,C2a CR -' A2c, Bl+2c Philippines Ecuador Aegotheles savesi New Caledonian Owlet-nightjar Cypseloides lemosi Eulidia yarrellii EN -' Dl White-chested Swift Chilean Woodstar =' New Caledonia VU C2b VU ^' BI+2c,C2b Colombia, Ecuador? Chile, Peru Family CAPRIMULGIDAE Schoutedenapus schoutedeni Eupherusa cyanophrys Caprimulgus candicans Schouteden's Swift Oaxaca Hummingbird =' White-winged Nightjar VU Bl+2ac,C2b EN ' A2c, Bl+2c CR ^' C2b Zaire Mexico Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay? Family TROCHILmAE Eupherusa poliocerca Caprimulgus centralasicus White-tailed Hummingbird Acestrura berlepschi Vaurie's Nightjar -' Esmeraldas Woodstar EN A2c VU ^' Dl -' Mexico China EN C2b Ecuador Heliangelus regalis Caprimulgus noctitherus Royal Sunangel Nightjar Acestrura bombus Puerto Rican '' Little Woodstar VU A2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a CR -' Bl+2c -' C2b Peru Puerto Rico EN Ecuador, Peru Heliangelus zusii Caprimulgus prigoginei Aglaeactis aliciae Bogota Sunangel Itombwe Nightjar Purple-backed Sunbeam CR -' Dl VU -' BI+2ac VU '-' D2 Colombia Zaire Peru Hylonympha macrocerca Eurostopodus diabolicus Amazilia boucardi Scissor-tailed Hummingbird Satanic Eared-nightjar Mangrove Hummingbird CR -' BI+2c VU ^' Dl VU ^' Bl+2c,C2b Venezuela Indonesia Costa Rica Lepidopyga lilliae Siphonorhis americanus Amazilia castaneiventris Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird Jamaican Pauraque Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird CR -' C2b, Dl CR ^' Dl EN '' Ale Colombia Jamaica Colombia Loddigesia mirabilis Amazilia distans Marvellous Spatuletail Order APODIFORMES Emerald Tachira VU -' Bl+2c,C2b EN '-' A2c Family APODmAE Peru Venezuela Lophomis brachylopha Apus acuticauda Amazilia luciae Short-crested Coquette Dark-rumped Swift Honduran Emerald ^' A2c, B1+2C 2' EN VU D2 -' CR A2c Mexico India Honduras Metallura baroni Collocalia elaphra Campylopterus ensipennis Violet-throated Metaltail Seychelles Swiftlet White-tailed Sabrewing VU -' Bl+2c,C2a VU =' Dl VU -' A2c Ecuador Seychelles Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Ramphodon dohrnii Collocalia leucophaeus Coeligena prunellei Hook-billed Hermit Tahiti Swiftlet Black Inca CR -' C2a VU =' Dl VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a Brazil French Polynesia Colombia ardens Collocalia sawtelli Eriocnemis godini Selasphorus Hummingbird Atiu Swiftlet Turquoise-throated Puffleg Glow-throated ^' Dl+2 VU 2' Dl+2 CR ^' Bl+2c,C2b, Dl VU Panama Cook Islands Colombia, Ecuador

Collocalia vulcanorum Eriocnemis mirabilis Sephanoides fernandensis Volcano Swiftlet Colourful Puffleg Juan Fernandez Firecrown -' VU '-' Dl+2 VU -' Dl+2 CR Bl+2c Indonesia Colombia Chile (Juan Fernandez Is)

43 Threatened Species

Taphrolesbia griseiventris Todirhamphus lazuli Aceros waldeni Grey-bellied Comet Lazuli Kingfisher Writhed-billed Hombill VU -' Dl+2 VU -' BI+2c,Cl+2a CR -' A1c-h2c, Bl-H2ce,Cl Peru Indonesia Philippines Thalurania ridgwayi Todirhamphus ruficollaris Anthracoceros montani Mexican Woodnymph Mangaia Kingfisher Sulu Hombill VU ^' B1+2C VU ^' Dl-i-2 CR -' Alcd, CI Mexico Cook Islands Philippines Todirhamphus winchelli Penelopides mindorensis Order TROGONIFORMES Rufous-lored Kingfisher Mindoro Hombill EN =' Alc+2c EN '' Alc,Bl+2c,Cl+2a Family TROGO^aDAE Philippines Philippines Euptilotis neoxenus Family CORACIIDAE Penelopides panini Eared Quetzal Visayan Hombill -' EN C2b Atelornis crossleyi CR -' Alcd-^2cd, Bl-H2ce,Cl-(-2a Mexico, USA Rufous-headed Ground-roller Philippines Harpactes wardi VU '-' C2a Madagascar Ward's Trogon Order PICIFGRMES VU ' Cl+2a Brachypteracias leptosomus Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Short-legged Ground-roller Family GALBULTOAE Viet Nam VU -' A2c, Cl-i-2a Galbula pastazae Madagascar Coppery-chested Jacamar Order CORACIIFORMES Brachypteracias squamigera VU " C2a Scaly Ground-roller Family ALCEDINIDAE Brazil?, Colombia, Ecuador VU -' A2c,Cl+2a Jacamaralcyon tridactyla Actenoides bougainvillei Madagascar Three-toed Jacamar Moustached Kingfisher Vratelomis chimaera EN -' C2a VU -' C2a Long-tailed Ground-roller Brazil Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands VU -' Bl+2ce,C2b Actenoides hombroni Madagascar Family CAPITONIDAE Blue-capped Kingfisher Capito hypoleucus =' A2c, Bl-H2c,Cl+2a Family BUCEROTIDAE VU White-mantled Barbet Philippines Aceros corrugatus EN '-' Cla. Alcedo argentata Wrinkled Hombill Colombia Silvery Kingfisher VU -' Alc+2c,Cl-i-2a Capito quinticolor 2' C2a Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, EN Five-coloured Barbet Philippines Thailand VU -' Alc-i-2c,Cl-H2a Alcedo hercules Aceros everetti Colombia Blyth's Kingfisher Sumba Hombill Pogoniulus makawai VU ^' Alc+2c,Cl-F2a VU -' Bl-i-2c,Cl White-chested Tinkerbird Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia VU ^' Dl Laos, Myanmar, Nepal?, Thailand, Aceros leucocephalus Zambia Viet Nam Writhed Hombill Ceyx melanurus EN -' Alcd Family INDICATORroAE Philippine Kingfisher Philippines Melignomon eisentrauti -' Alc-i-2c,Cl-H2a VU Aceros narcondami Yellow-footed Honeyguide Philippines Narcondam Hombill VU -' A2c Todirhamphus farquhari VU ^' Dl-h2 Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire?, Ghana, Chestnut-bellied Kingfisher India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) Guinea?, Liberia, Sierra Leone -' A2c,Cl+2a VU Aceros nipalensis Family PICffiAE Vanuatu Rufous-necked Hombill Todirhamphus gambieri VU " Alcd, Cl-H2a Campephilus imperialis Tuamotu Kingfisher Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Imperial Woodpecker VU =' Dl+2 Laos, Myanmar, Nepal (ex?), CR =' Dl French Polynesia Thailand, Viet Nam Mexico Todirhamphus godeffroyi Aceros subruficollis Colaptes fernandinae Marquesan Kingfisher Plain-pouched Hombill Cuban Flicker EN =' Bl-i-2e VU -' Cl-H2a EN -' Cla French Polynesia India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand Cuba

44 Birds k

Dryocopus galeatus Asthenes hetenira Synallaxis infuscata Helmeted Woodpecker Maquis Canastero Plain Spinetail EN -' C2a VU -' Alc,Cl+2a EN =' Bl+2c,Cl Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Bolivia Brazil

Picoides borealis Asthenes huancavelicae Synallaxis kollari Red-cockaded Woodpecker Pale-tailed Canastero Hoary-throated Spinetail VU =' Alc+2c, Bl+2bcd, CI+2a VU '-' CI VU " D2 USA Peru Brazil, Guyana

Picumnus fulvescens Asthenes luizae Synallaxis tithys Tawny Piculet Cipo Canastero Blackish-headed Spinetail

'-' -' VU B1+2C EN -' Cl+2b VU A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, C 1 +2a Brazil Brazil Ecuador, Peru Synallaxis Picumnus limae Asthenes steinbachi zimmeri Russet-bellied Spinetail Ochraceous Piculet Chestnut Canastero -' ^' EN Bl+2c, VU Bl+2c VU -' Alc,C2a C2b Peru Brazil Argentina Syndactyla ruflcollis Picus rabieri Cinclodes aricomae Rufous-necked Foliage-gleaner Red-collared Woodpecker Royal Cinclodes VU ' Alc+2c, Cl+2a VU '-' Ale CR -' C2a Ecuador, Peru China, Laos, Viet Nam Bolivia, Peru Thripophaga cherriei Sapheopipo noguchii Cinclodes palliatus Orinoco Softtail Okinawa Woodpecker White-bellied Cinclodes VU =' D2 -' =' CR Bl+2c, C2b VU Dl Venezuela Japan (Nansei-shoto) Peru Thripophaga macroura Hylocryptus erythrocephalus Striated Softtail Foliage-gleaner Order PASSERIFORMES Henna-hooded VU =' Cl+2a -' VU Alc+2c, Cl+2a Brazil Family EURVLAIMIDAE Ecuador, Peru Family FORMICARiroAE Leptasthenura xenothorax Eurylaimus steerii White-browed Tit-spinetail Biatas nigropectus Wattled Broadbill CR -' C2a White-bearded Antshrike VU -' Alc+2c,CI+2a Peru VU =' C2a Philippines Argentina, Brazil Megaxenops pamaguae Pseudocalyptomena graueri Great Xenops Cercomacra carbonaria African Green Broadbill -' Rio Branco Antbird -' VU Alc+2c,Cl+2a VU Bl+2ac -' Brazil VU D2 Uganda, Zaire Brazil, Guyana Philydor novaesi Clytoctantes alixii Family DENDRGCOLAPTTOAE Alagoas Foliage-gleaner Recurve-billed Bushbird CR =' Bl+2c Xiphocolaptes falcirostris EN " Cl+2a Brazil Moustached Woodcreeper Colombia, Venezuela VU =' Bl+2c,C2a Premnoplex tatei Dysithamnus occidentalis Brazil White-throated Barbtail Bicoloured Antvireo EN -' Bl+2c,C2a VU =' Cl+2a Family FURNARIIDAE Venezuela Colombia, Ecuador Aphrastura masafuerae Simoxenops striatus Dysithamnus plumbeus Mas Afuera Rayadito Bolivian Recurvebill Plumbeous Antvireo '-' -' VU Dl+2 VU A2c,Bl-H2bc, Cl+2a =' VU A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, C 1 +2a Chile (Juan Fernandez Is) Bolivia Brazil

Asthenes anthoides Synallaxis courseni Formicarius rufifrons Austral Canastero Apuri'mac Spinetail Rufous-fronted Antthrush = " VU C2a VU Dl+2 VU -' A2c,Cl+2b Argentina, Chile Peru Peru

Asthenes berlepschi Synallaxis hellmayri Formicivora erythronotos Berlepsch's Canastero Red-shouldered Spinetail Black-hooded Antwren VU ^' Dl+2 VU =' C2a CR -' A2c,Cl+2a, DI Bolivia Brazil Brazil

45 Threatened Species

Formicivora iheringi Myrmotherula fluminertsis Family COTINGroAE Rio de Janeiro Antwren Narrow-billed Antwren Calyptura cristata -' VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a VU A1C-I-2C, B1-H2C, Cl+2a Kinglet Calyptura Brazil Brazil CR -' C2a, Dl grisea Formicivora littoralis Myrmotherula Brazil Restinga Antwren Ashy Antwren Carpodectes antoniae -' Alc-l-2c,Cl+2a EN =' A2c, Bl+2bc,Cl+2a VU Yellow-billed Cotinga Brazil Bolivia VU =' Alc-H2c,Cl+2a Myrmotherula minor Costa Rica, Panama Grallaria alleni Salvadori's Antwren Moustached Antpitta Carpomis melanocephalus VU -' Bl+2c,C2a EN -' Bl+2c,C2a Black-headed Berryeater Colombia Brazil VU '-' Cl+2a Myrmotherula snowi Brazil Grallaria chthonia Alagoas Antwren Cephalopterus glabricollis Tachira Antpitta CR -' B1-H2C Bare-necked Umbrellabird VU -' Dl+2 Brazil -' Alc+2c,Cl-H2a Venezuela VU Myrmotherula unicolor Costa Rica, Panama Grallaria gigantea Unicoloured Antwren Cephalopterus penduliger Giant Antpitta VU =' Bl+2c, C2a Long-wattled Umbrellabird VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a Brazil VU =' C2a Colombia, Ecuador Myrmotherula urosticta Colombia, Ecuador Grallaria kaestneri Band-tailed Antwren Cotinga maculata Cundinamarca Antpitta VU -' Bl+2c,C2a Banded Cotinga =' VU D2 Brazil EN 2' Bl+2c,Cl Colombia Pyriglena atra Brazil Grallaria milleri Fringe-backed Fire-eye Cotinga ridgwayi Brown-banded Antpitta EN -' A1c-h2c, Bl+2c,Cl-^2b Turquoise Cotinga EN -' B1+2C Brazil VU " C2b Colombia Rhopornis ardesiaca Costa Rica, Panama Grallaria rufocinerea Slender Antbird Doliornis remseni Bicoloured Antpitta EN -' A2c, Bl-h2c Chestnut-bellied Cotinga

=' =' EN C2a Brazil VU A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, C 1 +2a Colombia Terenura sharpei Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Grallaricula cucullata Yellow-rumped Antwren lodopleura pipra Hooded Antpitta VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a Buff-throated Purpletuft =' VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a Bolivia, Peru VU Alc+2c,Cl+2a Colombia, Venezuela Terenura sicki Brazil Orange-bellied Antwren Laniisoma elegans Herpsilochmus parkeri -' Alc-H2c,Bl+2c,Cl-f2a Shrike-like Cotinga Ash-throated Antwren VU Brazil VU -' A1C-I-2C, Cl-i-2a VU =' D2 Brazil Peru Xenornis setifrons Speckled Antshrike Lipaugus lanioides Herpsilochmus pectoralis VU =' C2a Cinnamon-vented Piha Pectoral Antwren Colombia, Panama VU -' A1C-I-2C, Cl+2a VU -' A2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a Brazil Brazil Family RHINOCRYPTIDAE Procnias tricarunculata Myrmeciza griseiceps Merulaxis stresemanni Three-wattled Bellbird Antbird Grey-headed Stresemann's Bristlefront VU -' A1c-h2c -' EN A2c CR -' C2a Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Peru Brazil Panama Myrmeciza ruficauda Scytalopus novacapitalis Tijuca condita Scalloped Antbird Brasilia Tapaculo Grey-winged Cotinga VU -' Alc+2c, Bl-H2c,Cl+2a VU -' Alc+2c VU -' Dl+2 Brazil Brazil Brazil Myrmoborus melanurus Scytalopus psychopompus Xipholena atropurpurea Black-tailed Antbird Bahia Tapaculo White-winged Cotinga =' VU 2' C2b EN -' Bl+2c,Cl-i-2a VU Alc+2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a Peru Brazil Brazil

46 Birds

Zaratornis stresemanni Myiotheretes pemix Family PITTIDAE White-cheeked Cotinga Santa Marta Bush-tyrant Pitta anerythra VU ' B1+2C, C2a VU =' C2b Black-faced Pitta Peru Colombia VU '-' C2a Family PIPRIDAE Nesotriccus ridgwayi Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Cocos Flycatcher Pipra vilasboasi Pitta gumeyi VU -' D2 Golden-crowned Manakin Gumey's Pitta Costa Rica VU " C2b CR -' Ale, Bl+2c,Cl Brazil Onychorhynchus occidentalis Myanmar (ex?), Thailand Pacific Royal Flycatcher Piprites pileatus Pitta kochi VU '-' C2a Black-capped Manakin Whiskered Pitta Ecuador, Peru VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a VU -' Bl-H2ce,Cl-i-2a Argentina, Brazil Onychorhynchus swainsoni Philippines Atlantic Royal Flycatcher Pitta nympha Family TYRANNIDAE EN =' C2a Fairy Pitta Agriornis andicola Brazil VU ^' Cl-h2a White-tailed Shrike-tyrant China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan. Phylloscartes ceciliae ^' Ala, C2a * Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, VU Alagoas Tyrannulet Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Viet Nam EN -' Bl-t-2c,Cl Peru Brazil Pitta schneideri Alectrurus risora Schneider's Pitta Phylloscartes kronei Strange-tailed Tyrant VU =' Cl-H2a Restinga Tyrannulet VU '' AIac+2c, Cl-H2a Indonesia ' A1c-h2c, Cl-H2a Argentina, Brazil (ex?), Paraguay, VU Pitta steerii Uruguay (ex?) Brazil Azure-breasted Pitta Anairetes alpinus Phylloscartes lanyoni VU ^' Alc-H2c,Cl+2a Ash-breasted Tit-tyrant Antioquia Bristle-tyrant Philippines EN -' Bl+2c,C2a EN '' Alc+2c Pitta superba Bolivia, Peru Colombia Superb Pitta Attila torridus Phylloscartes paulistus VU -' Dl Ochraceous Attila Sao Paulo Tyrannulet Papua New Guinea VU -' A1c-h2c, Bl-f2c,Cl+2a VU ^' Alc-i-2c,Cl+2a Family PHILEPITTIDAE Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Argentina?, Brazil, Paraguay Euscarthmus rufomarginatus Phylloscartes roquettei Neodrepanis hypoxanthus Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant Minas Gerais Tyrannulet Yellow-bellied Asity VU ^' Alc+2c =' EN -' Bl+2c EN C2a Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Suriname Brazil Madagascar Hemitriccus furcatus Platyrinchus leucoryphus Family ATRICHORNITHmAE Fork-tailed Pygmy-tyrant Russet-winged Spadebill VU ^' C2a Atrichomis clamosus VU ' A1c-h2c, Bl-H2c,CU2a Brazil Noisy Scrub-bird Argentina?, Brazil, Paraguay Hemitriccus kaempferi VU =' D1-H2 Kaempfer's Tody-tyrant Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus Australia Dinelli's Doradito EN ^' CI Atrichomis rufescens ^' Brazil VU Cl-i-2a Rufous Scrub-bird Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay Hemitriccus mirandae VU ^' Bl-H2c,C2a Buff-breasted Tody-tyrant Tyrannus cubensis Australia VU ^' Alc+2c, B1-h2c,C1 Giant Kingbird Family ALAUDBOAE Brazil EN ^' C2a Cuba, Turks and Heteroxolmis dominicana Bahamas (ex), Alauda razae Caicos Islands Black-and-white Monjita Raso Lark =' VU -' Alc+2c EN Dl Family PHYTOTOMIDAE Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay Cape Verde Lathrotriccus griseipectus Phytotoma raimondii Certhilauda hurra Grey-breasted Flycatcher Peruvian Plantcutter Red Lark ^' VU -' Alc-h2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a CR ^' A2c VU Bl+2c,C2b Ecuador, Peru Peru Namibia, South Africa

47 Threatened Species

Heteromirafra archeri Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE Phyllastrephus apperti Archer's Lark Appert's Greenbul Campephaga lobata EN -' Bl+2ac, C2a VU 21 Bl+2abcd, Cl+2a, Dl Western Wattled Cuckoo-shrike Somalia Madagascar VU -I Alc+2c Heteromirafra ruddi Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Phyllastrephus cinereiceps Rudd's Lark Liberia, Sierra Leone Grey-crowned Greenbul CR -' A2c 2' Bl-h2c,C2a Coracina fortis VU Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland Buru Cuckoo-shrike Madagascar Heteromirafra sidamoensis VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2b Phyllastrephus leucolepis Sidamo Lark Indonesia Liberian Greenbul

-' 21 EN Bl+2ac, C2b Coracina mcgregori CR A2c, Cl+2b Ethiopia McGregor's Cuckoo-shrike Liberia Mirafra ashi VU 21 Bl+2c,Cl+2a Phyllastrephus tenebrosus Ash's Lark Philippines Dusky Greenbul EN -' Bl+2ac,C2b Coracina mindanensis EN 21 C2a Somalia Black-bibbed Cicadabird Madagascar Mirafra degodiensis VU 2> Cl+2a Pycnonotus tympanistrigus Degodi Lark Philippines Spot-necked Bulbul VU 2' Dl+2 Coracina newtoni VU 21 Cl+2a Ethiopia Reunion Cuckoo-shrike Indonesia Spizocorys fringillaris EN 21 Dl Pycnonotus zeylanicus Botha's Lark Reunion Straw-headed Bulbul VU -' A2c, Cl+2b Coracina ostenta VU 21 Alcd South Africa White-winged Cuckoo-shrike Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, -' A2c, Bl+2c Myanmar, Thailand Family HIRUNDINIDAE VU Philippines Family IRENIDAE atrocaerulea Hirundo Coracina typica Swallow Blue Mauritius Cuckoo-shrike Chloropsis flavipennis VU -' Alc+2c, Cl+2a Philippine Leafbird VU -' Dl 21 Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Mauritius EN ci Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Philippines Zimbabwe. * Kenya, Uganda, Zaire Family PYCNONOTIDAE Family LANIIDAE Hirundo megaensis Bleda eximia White-tailed Swallow Green-tailed Bristlebill Laniarius amboimensis 21 VU Bl+2abc,C2b VU 2' Alc+2c Gabela Bush-shrike 21 Ethiopia Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, EN Bl+2c, CI Hirundo perdita Liberia, Sierra Leone Angola Red Sea Swallow Chlorocichla prigoginei Laniarius brauni VU =' Dl Prigogine's Greenbul Orange-breasted Bush-shrike Sudan? VU 21 Bl+2abcde,C2a EN 21 Bl+2c Pseudochelidon sirintarae Zaire Angola White-eyed River-martin Criniger olivaceus Laniarius liberatus CR '-' Dl Yellow-throated Olive Greenbul Bulo Burti Bush-shrike Thailand VU 21 Alc+2c CR 21 Dl Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Somalia Family MOTACILLroAE Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone Lanius newtoni Anthus chloris Hypsipetes nicobariensis Sao Tome Fiscal Shrike Yellow-breasted Pipit Nicobar Bulbul CR 21 Dl VU 2' B1+2C VU 21 Ale, Bl+2e,Cl+2a Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tom6 Lesotho, South Africa India (ex?))

Anthus nattereri Hypsipetes olivaceus Malaconotus alius Ochre-breasted Pipit Mauritius Bulbul Uluguru Bush-shrike EN -' C2a VU 2' Dl CR 21 C2b Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Mauritius Tanzania

Anthus sokokensis Ixos siquijorensis Malaconotus gladiator Sokoke Pipit Streak-breasted Bulbul Green-breasted Bush-shrike VU -' Bl+2abc,C2a EN 21 B1+2C VU 2' C2a Kenya, Tanzania (ex?) Philippines Cameroon, Nigeria?

48 1

Birds

Malaconotus monteiri Thryothorus nicefori Acrocephalus rehsei Monteiro's Bush-shrike Niceforo's Wren Nauru Reed-warbler EN -' C2a CR -' Bl+2c VU " D2 Angola, Cameroon (ex?), Kenya Colombia Nauru

Prionops alberti Troglodytes cobbi Acrocephalus sorghophilus Yellow-crested Helmet-shrike Cobb's Wren Streaked Reed-warbler VU -' Cl+2a VU =' D2 VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a Zaire Falkland Islands China. * Philippines Prionops gabela Troglodytes tanneri Acrocephalus vaughani Gabela Helmet-shrike Clarion Wren Pitcaim Reed-warbler EN ^' Bl+2bcd,C2a VU =' Dl+2 VU =' D2 Angola Mexico French Polynesia, Pitcaim Islands

Prionops poliolophus Family MIMIDAE Alcippe variegaticeps Grey-crested Helmet-shrike Gold-fronted Fulvetta Mimodes graysoni VU -' C2b VU -' Bl+2c, Cl+2a Socorro Kenya, Tanzania Mockingbird China EN -' Bl+2e,C2b Telophorus kupeensis Mexico Alethe choloensis Mount Kupe Bush-shrike Thyolo Alethe

Nesomimus trifasciatus '-' CR -' Dl VU Bl+2c Floreana Mockingbird Cameroon Malawi, Mozambique EN " Dl Amaurocichla bocagii Family VANGIDAE Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Sao Tome Short-tail Rampkocinclus brachyurus Oriolia bemieri VU -' Dl White-breasted Thrasher Bemier's Vanga Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) -' VU ^' C2a EN Bl+2e,Cl+2a, Dl Amytornis dorotheae Madagascar Martinique, St Lucia Carpentarian Grasswren Xenopirostris damii Family MUSCICAPmAE VU -' Bl+2c,C2a Van Dam's Vanga Australia VU ' D2 Acanthiza iredalei Slender-billed Thombill Amytornis textilis Madagascar VU " C2a Thick-billed Grasswren Xenopirostris polleni Australia VU =' C2a Pollen's Vanga Acrocephalus brevipennis Australia VU '-' C2a Cape Verde Warbler Apalis argentea Madagascar -' VU A 1 ac, B 1 +2bc, C2b, D Kungwe Apalis Family CINCLroAE Cape Verde VU "' Bl+2ace Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zaire Cinclus schulzi Acrocephalus caffer Rufous-throated Dipper Tahiti Reed-warbler Apalis bamendae " Dl Bamenda Apalis VU ^' C2a VU Polynesia -' Argentina, Bolivia French VU Bl+2acd Acrocephalus familiaris Cameroon Family TROGLODYTmAE Millerbird Apalis chariessa Cistothorus apolinari VU '-' Dl+2 White- winged Apalis Apolinar's Wren USA (Hawaiian Is) VU -' Bl+2bc EN -' Cl+2a Acrocephalus luscinia Kenya (ex?), Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania Colombia Nightingale Reed-warbler Ferminia cerverai VU -' A2e, Bl+2cde,Cl Apalis fuscigularis Zapata Wren Guam (ex), Northem Marianas Taita Apalis -' CR -' C2b Acrocephalus paludicola CR Bl+2bc Cuba Aquatic Warbler Kenya Hylorchilus navai VU ^' A2c Apalis karamojae Nava's Wren Austria, Belarus, Germany, Hungary, Karamoja Apalis Poland, -' ^' Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, A2c, BH-2C VU A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, CI +2a VU Ukraine. * Belgium, Mexico Russia, Tanzania, Uganda Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Apalis lynesi Hylorchilus sumichrasti Iran, Italy, Latvia, Mali, Mauritania, Sumichrast's Wren Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Namuli Apalis -' VU =' Alc+2c,Bl-H2c,Cl+2a Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, United VU D2 Mexico Kingdom Mozambique

49 Threatened Species

Aphelocephala pectoralis Copsychus cebuensis Ficedula crypta Chestnut-breasted Whiteface Black Shama Cryptic Flycatcher VU -' C2a EN -' C2a VU =' A2c,Bl-i-2c, Cl+2a Australia Philippines Philippines

Arcanator orostruthus Copsychus sechellarum Ficedula disposita Dappled Mountain-robin Seychelles Magpie-robin Furtive Flycatcher -' VU Bl+2bc CR 2' Dl EN -' C2a Mozambique, Tanzania Seychelles Philippines Bathmocercus cerviniventris Cossypha heinrichi Ficedula henrici Black-capped Rufous Warbler White-headed Robin-chat Damar Flycatcher -' VU C2a -' VU -' Bl-i-2ac VU D2 Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Angola, Zaire Indonesia Liberia, Sierra Leone Ficedula platenae Bebrornis rodericanus Crocias langbianis Palawan Flycatcher Rodrigues Warbler Grey-crowned Crocias -' -' B1+2C EN C2a CR =' DI CR Viet Philippines Mauritius (Rodrigues) Nam Ficedula Bebrornis sechellensis Crossleyia xanthophrys subrubra Seychelles Warbler Madagascar Yellowbrow Kashmir Flycatcher -' ^' VU B1-I-2C VU =' Dl+2 VU C2a India, Pakistan. * India, Nepal, Seychelles Madagascar Sri Lanka Brachypteryx hyperythra Cyornis ruckii Garrulax bieti Rusty-bellied Shortwing Rueck's Blue-flycatcher White-speckled VU =' Cl+2a VU " Cl.DI Laughingthrush VU =' Bl+2c, Cl+2a China, India Indonesia, Malaysia? China Bradypterus graueri Cyornis sanfordi Grauer's Swamp-warbler Garrulax cinereifrons Matinan Flycatcher VU -' Bl+2ac Ashy-headed Laughingthrush VU =' D2 Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire VU -' Bl-H2c,Cl-l-2a Indonesia Bradypterus major Sri Lanka Dasyornis hrachypterus Long-billed Bush-warbler Garrulax milleti Eastern Bristlebird VU " C2a Black-hooded Laughingthrush VU =' Bl+2c,C2a China, India, Pakistan VU -' A2c,Bl+2c, Cl-l-2a Australia Chaetomis striatus Viet Nam Dasyornis broadbenti Bristled Grass-warbler Garrulax sukatschewi -' Rufous Bristlebird VU Alc,Cl-l-2a Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush VU -' Bl-l-2c,C2a Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan VU =' Cl+2a Australia Chloropeta gracilirostris China Papyrus Yellow Warbler Dasyornis longirostris Garrulax yersini =' VU Bl-H2abcd Western Bristlebird Collared Laughingthrush Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, =' Bl-H2cd, C2a EN VU -' Bl-H2c,Cl+2a Uganda, Zaire, Zambia Australia Viet Nam Chrysomma altirostre Eremomela turneri Gerygone hypoxantha Jerdon's Babbler Turner's Eremomela Biak Gerygone -' VU Ale -' VU Bl-^2ac EN -' Bl+2c, C2b India, Myanmar (ex?), Nepal, Kenya, Uganda, Zaire Indonesia Pakistan Eutrichomyias rowleyi Cisticola haesitatus Gerygone modesta Cerulean Paradise-flycatcher Socotra Cisticola Norfolk Island Gerygone -' Bl-H2ce,C2b, Dl 2' VU ' Dl CR VU D2 Indonesia Yemen (Socotra) Norfolk Island Cochoa azurea Ficedula basilanica Humblotia flavirostris Javan Cochoa Little Slaty Flycatcher Grand Comoro Flycatcher -' VU =' B1-H2C VU A1c-h2c, Cl-h2a VU -' Bl-H2c,C2b Indonesia Philippines Comoros

Cochoa beccarii Ficedula bonthaina Hypothymis coelestis Sumatran Cochoa Lompobattang Flycatcher Celestial Monarch VU =' Cl+2a EN =' Bl+2c EN " C2a Indonesia Indonesia Philippines

50 Birds

Jabouilleia danjoui Metaholus rugensis Myiophonus blighi Short-tailed Scimitar-babbler Truk Monarch Sri Lanka Whistling-thrush VU -' A1C-I-2C, Cl-t-2a EN -' Ala, Bl-f2acd, C2a EN -' BU2c,Cl Laos, Viet Nam Federated States of Micronesia Sri Lanka

Kupeornis gilberti Micromacronus leytensis Napothera rabori White-throated Mountain-babbler Miniature Tit-babbler Rabor's Wren-babbler VU -' Bl-H2bc VU -' A1c-h2c, Cl-H2a VU -' Cl-H2a Cameroon, Nigeria Philippines Philippines Newtonia Lamprolia victoriae Mohoua ochrocephala fanovanae Silktail Yellowhead Red-tailed Newtonia =' B1-I-2C VU -' Bl+2c,C2a VU VU -' B2bde+3c, C2a Madagascar Fiji New Zealand Liocichla omeiensis Orthotomus moreaui Monarcha boanensis Omei Shan Liocichla Long-billed Tailorbird Black-chinned Monarch " VU -' Bl-i-2c,Cl CR C2a EN =' B1-I-2C, Dl China Mozambique, Tanzania Indonesia Luscinia obscura Paradoxomis davidianus Monarcha brehmii Black-throated Blue Robin Short-tailed Parrotbill Biak Monarch -' VU -' CU2a VU Alc,Cl-H2a EN -' Bl+2c,C2b China. * Thailand China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia Viet Nam Luscinia ruficeps Paradoxornis Rufous-headed Robin Monarcha everetti flavirostris White-tipped Monarch Black-breasted Parrotbill VU -' Cl-f2a -' VU -' Alac,Cl-i-2a China. * Malaysia VU C2b, D2 Indonesia Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal Macrosphenus pulitzeri (ex?) Pulitzer's Longbill Monarcha sacerdotum Paradoxomis przewalskii EN -' Bl-i-2bc, C2a Flores Monarch Rusty-throated Parrotbill Angola EN ^' C2b VU ' B1-H2C, Cl-i-2a Indonesia Malacocincla perspicittata China Black-browed Babbler Monarcha takatsukasae Paradoxornis zappeyi VU -' C1,D1 Tinian Monarch Grey-hooded Parrotbill Indonesia VU -' D2 VU -' Bl-i-2c,Cl+2a Northern Marianas Malacocincla vanderbilti China Vanderbilt's Babbler Muscicapa lendu Pellorneum palustre " VU CI.Dl Chapin's Flycatcher Marsh Babbler Indonesia -' VU BH2ac,C2a VU -' Alc,CI+2a Malacopteron palawanense Kenya, Uganda, Zaire Bangladesh, India Melodious Babbler Muscicapa randi Petroica traversi '-' EN C2a Ashy-breasted Flycatcher Chatham Islands Robin

Philippines '-' EN -' C2a EN Dl Mayromis versicolor Philippines New Zealand [re-int] (Chatham Is) Ogea Monarch Myadestes lanaiensis Phylloscopus amoenus =' VU D2 Olomao Sombre Leaf-warbler Fiji -' Dl^2 CR -' Ala, Bl-h2e, C2b, Dl VU Solomon Islands Megalurus albolimbatus USA (Hawaiian Is) Fly River Grassbird Phylloscopus hainanus Myadestes myadestinus VU -' C2a, D2 Hainan Leaf-warbler Kamao China, Japan, Mongolia?, Papua VU -' Ale, Bl-h2c CR -' Ala, Bl-f2e,C2b, Dl New Guinea China USA (Hawaiian Is) Megalurus pryeri Phylloscopus ijimae Marsh Grassbird Myadestes palmeri Ijima's Leaf-warbler VU ^' Cl-f2a Puaiohi VU ^' Cl-h2a -' China, Japan, Mongolia? CR Ala, Bl+2ce, C2a, Dl Japan. * Philippines USA (Hawaiian Is) Melaenornis annamarulae Picathartes gymnocephalus Nimba Flycatcher Myiagra albiventris White-necked Rockfowl VU -' A1c-h2c Samoan Flycatcher VU "' A1C-I-2C Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra VU -' Alac Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Leone Western Samoa Liberia, Sierra Leone

51 Threatened Species

Picathartes areas Rhinomyias brunneata Spelaeomis badeigularis Grey-necked Rockfowl Brown-chested Jungle-flycatcher Rusty-throated Wren-babbler VU =' C2a VU -' Alc+2c VU -' B1-H2C. Dl Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea?, China, India (Andaman & Nicobar India Gabon, Nigeria Is). * Brunei, Malaysia?, Singapore, Spelaeornis caudatus Thailand Platysteira laticincta Rufous-throated Wren-babbler Banded Wattle-eye Rhinomyias goodfellowi VU =' Bl-(-2c, CI+2a VU -' Ale, Bl-e2bc, Cl+2b Slaty-backed Jungle-flycatcher Bhutan, India, Nepal Cameroon VU -' A2c, Bl+2c,Cl-H2a Spelaeornis longicaudatus Philippines Pomarea dimidiata Tawny-breasted Wren-babbler Rarotonga Monarch Rhinomyias insignis VU =' Bl+2c, Cl-i-2a ' CR Dl White-browed Jungle-flycatcher India Cook Islands EN =' C2a Stachyris grammiceps Pomarea iphis Philippines White-breasted Babbler Iphis Monarch Rhipidura malaitae VU -' Bl+2cd,Cl+2a VU -' D2 Malaita Fantail Indonesia French Polynesia " VU Dl Stachyris herberti Pomarea mendozae Solomon Islands Sooty Babbler Marquesan Monarch Rhipidura semirubra VU -' Cl+2a EN -' Bl+2d, C2a Manus Fantail Laos, Viet Nam French Polynesia VU =' Dl+2 Pomarea nigra Stachyris hypogrammica Papua New Guinea Palawan Striped-babbler Tahiti Monarch =' CR -' C2b, Dl Rhyacornis bicolor VU D2 French Polynesia Luzon Water-redstart Philippines -' Bl+2ce,C2a Pomarea whitneyi EN Stachyris latistriata Philippines Fatuhiva Monarch Panay Striped-babbler -' VU -' D2 Saxicola insignis VU BI-I-2C French Polynesia White-throated Bushchat Philippines " Prinia burnesii VU Cl-H2a Stachyris nigrorum * Rufous- vented Prinia Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia. Negros Striped-babbler VU -' Ale China?, India, Nepal EN -' C2b Bangladesh, India, Pakistan Saxicola macrorhyncha Philippines Prinia leontica White-browed Bushchat Stachyris oglei White-eyed Prinia VU =' Alac, Cl-h2a Snowy-throated Babbler VU -' C2a Afghanistan, India, Pakistan VU =' Bl-H2c,ClH-2a Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Scepomycter winifredae India Leone Mrs Moreau's Warbler Stachyris rodolphei bensoni -' Pseudocossyphus VU Bl+2bc Deignan's Babbler Benson's Rock-thrush Tanzania VU =' D2 =' VU Dl Thailand Madagascar Sheppardia gabela Gabela Akalat Stachyris speciosa Psophodes nigrogutaris EN ' Bl-(-2ac,C2a Flame-templed Babbler Western Whipbird Angola EN -' Bl+2c,C2a VU -' Bl+2c,C2a Philippines Australia Sheppardia gunningi East Coast Akalat Stachyris striata Ptilocichla falcata -' Falcated Wren-babbler VU Bl-i-2bc Luzon Striped-babbler Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, -' Alc+2c, Cl+2a EN =' C2a VU Tanzania Philippines Philippines Rhinomyias addita Sheppardia lowei Swynnertonia swynnertoni Streaky-breasted Jungle-flycatcher Iringa Akalat Swynnerton's Robin VU " D2 VU -' Bl+2bc VU -' Bl-l-2bc Indonesia Tanzania Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Rhinomyias albigularis Sheppardia montana Sylvia buryi White-throated Jungle-flycatcher Usambara Akalat Yemen Warbler CR =' Alc+2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a, Dl VU ' Bl-H2ac VU -' Bl-t-2bc, C2a Philippines Tanzania Saudi Arabia, Yemen

52 Birds

Terpsiphone corvina Family PARIDAE Family NECTARINIffiAE Seychelles Paradise-flycatcher CR 2' Bl+2abce, C2b Parus nuchalis Aethopyga duyvenbodei Seychelles White-naped Tit Elegant Sunbird =' EN =' Bl+2c Terpsiphone smithii VU Alc.Cl+2a Indonesia Annobon Paradise-flycatcher India VU =' Dl+2 Anthreptes pallidigaster Family SITTIDAE Equatorial Guinea Amani Sunbird VU ^' Bl+2bc Trichastoma woodi Sitta formosa Kenya, Tanzania Bagobo Babbler Beautiful Nuthatch ^' VU Cl+2a VU =' Cl-^2a Anthreptes rubritorques Philippines Bhutan, China, India, Laos. Banded Sunbird Trichocichla rufa Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam VU -' Bl+2bc Long-legged Thicketbird Tanzania Sitta ledanti CR -' Bl-f-2e,C2a Algerian Nuthatch Nectarinia rockefelleri Fiji EN -' C2a Rockefeller's Sunbird Turdoides hindei Algeria VU -' Dl Hinde's Pied-babbler Zaire Sitta magna EN -' Bl+2ac,C2a Kenya Giant Nuthatch Nectarinia rufipennis VU -' Alc,Cl-h2a Rufous-winged Sunbird Turdus celaenops China, Myanmar, Thailand VU =' D2 Izu Thrush Tanzania VU -' Bl-h2e,Cl Sitta solangiae Japan Yellow-billed Nuthatch Nectarinia thomensis

-' Giant Sunbird Turdus feae VU Cl-^2a VU =' Dl Grey-sided Thrush China, Viet Nam Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) -' VU Bl-H2c,Cl-H2a Sitta victoriae China. * India, Myanmar, Thailand White-browed Nuthatch Family ZOSTEROPEDAE Turdus helleri VU =' D2 Taita Thrush Myanmar Cleptomis marchei Golden White-eye CR =' Bl-i-2abc Sitta yunnanetisis =' Kenya VU A2e, 02 Yunnan Nuthatch Northern Marianas Turdus tudoviciae VU =' Ale, Cl+2a Somali Thrush China Madanga ruficollis EN -' Bl-H2abc Rufous-throated White-eye Somalia Family DICAEIDAE VU " D2 Turdus menachensis Indonesia haematostictum Yemen Thrush Dicaeum Rukia ruki Visayan Flowerpecker VU -' Bl+2bc, C2a Faichuk White-eye •' Ale, Bl-i-2c,C2a Saudi Arabia, Yemen EN EN =' Bl-H2c,C2a Philippines Turdus swalesi Federated States of Micronesia La Sella Thrush Dicaeum proprium Speirops brunneus VU ^' Bl-H2c,Cl-h2a Whiskered Flowerpecker Fernando Po Speirops Dominican Republic, Haiti VU -' A2c, Bl+2c, Cl-i-2a VU " D2 Zoothera cinerea Philippines Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) Ashy Thrush Dicaeum quadricolor Speirops leucophaeus -' A2c, Cl-h2a VU Cebu Flowerpecker Principe Speirops Philippines CR =' A2c, Bl-H2c,Cl+2b,Dl VU 2' C2b Zoothera guttata Philippines Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) Spotted Ground-thrush Dicaeum retrocinctum Speirops melanocephalus EN -' C2a Scarlet-collared Flowerpecker Mount Cameroon Speirops Malawi, Mozambique?, South CR -' A2c, B1-I-2C VU ^' D2 Africa, Sudan, Zaire. * Kenya, Tanzania Philippines Cameroon Zoothera major Pardalotus quadragintus Zosterops albogularis Amami Thrush Forty-spotted Pardalote White-chested White-eye CR -' C2b VU -' Bl+2c CR -' Dl Japan (Nansei-shoto) Australia Norfolk Island

53 Threatened Species

Zosterops chloronothos Family MELIPHAGmAE Bangsia aureocincta Mauritius Olive White-eye Gold-ringed Tanager Apalopteron familiare -' CR -' Ala, Bl+2e, C2b VU B1-H2C, CI Benin Honeyeater Mauritius Colombia VU =' D2 Bangsia melanochlamys Zosterops ficedulinus Japan Sao Tome White-eye Black-and-gold Tanager Grantiella picta =' Cl-i-2a VU -' C2a EN Painted Honeyeater Colombia Sao Tome & Prfncipe VU =' C2a Buthraupis aureodorsalis Zosterops griseovirescens Australia Annobon White-eye Golden-backed Mountain-tanager Gymnomyza aubryana VU -' D2 VU -' D2 Crow Honeyeater Peru Equatorial Guinea VU =' BI+2c,C2b Buthraupis wetmorei Zosterops kulalensis New Caledonia Masked Mountain-tanager Kulal White-eye Gymnomyza samoensis VU -' Alc+2c, Bl+2c, Cl+2a CR -' Bl-i-2bc Mao Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Kenya VU -' Ale, C2a Calyptophilus frugivorus Zosterops luteirostris American Samoa (ex). Western Chat-tanager Ghizo White-eye Samoa VU =' Ale, Cl-i-2a VU =' D2 Manorina melanotis Dominican Republic, Haiti Solomon Islands Black-eared Miner Camarhynchus heliobates Zosterops modestus -' C2a, Dl CR Mangrove Finch Seychelles White-eye Australia EN -' Dl CR -' C2b. Dl Melidectes princeps Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Seychelles Long-bearded Melidectes Chlorochrysa nitidissima Zosterops mouroniensis -' Bl+2ce,C2a VU Multicoloured Tanager Mount Karthala White-eye Papua New Guinea VU ^' CI CR -' Bl-(-2bc Moho bishopi Colombia Comoros Bishops Oo Chlorospingus flavovirens ' Zosterops oleagineus CR Bl+2ce,C2a, Dl Yellow-green Bush-tanager Yap Olive White-eye USA {Hawaiian Is) VU =' C2a, 02 VU -' D2 Moho braccatus Colombia, Ecuador Federated States of Micronesia Kauai Oo Conothraupis mesoleuca '' Zosterops rotensis CR Ala, Bl-i-2ce,C2b, Dl Cone-billed Tanager Rota White-eye (Hawaiian Is) USA VU -' Dl -' Ala, Bl+2de CR Myzomela chermesina Brazil Northern Marianas Rotuma Myzomela Coryphaspiza melanotis Zosterops samoensis VU -' D2 Black-masked Finch Samoan White-eye Fiji VU -' Ale -' C2a, D2 VU Notiomystis cincta Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Western Samoa Stitchbird Peru Zosterops silvanus VU -' D2 Dacnis berlepschi Taita White -eye New Zealand Scarlet-breasted Dacnis =' Bl+2bc " CR Xanthomyza phrygia VU CI Kenya Regent Honeyeater Colombia, Ecuador Zosterops tenuirostris EN =' C2a Dacnis nigripes Slender-billed White-eye Australia Black-legged Dacnis VU -' D2 VU -' CI Family Norfolk Island EMBERIZIDAE Brazil

Zosterops tephropleurus Atlapetes flaviceps Diglossa venezuelensis Lord Howe Island White-eye Yellow-headed Brush-finch Venezuelan Flowerpiercer VU -' D2 EN =' Bl+2ac,C2a CR =' A2c Australia Colombia Venezuela

Zosterops winifredae Atlapetes pallidiceps Emberizajankowskii South Pare White-eye Pale-headed Brush-fmch Rufous-backed Bunting -' VU -' Bl+2c,C2a CR -' Ale, Bl+2c, C2b VU Cl+2a Tanzania Ecuador China, North Korea, Russia

54 Birds

Emberiza socotrana Poospiza nibecula Tangara fastuosa Socotra Bunting Rufous-breasted Warbling-fmch Seven-coloured Tanager =' =' VU Dl EN C2a EN -' A2cd Yemen Peru Brazil Emberiza sulphurata Pselliophorus luteoviridis Tangara meyerdeschauenseei Yellow Bunting Yellow-green Finch Green-capped Tanager =' VU Cl+2a -' VU D2 VU ^' D2 Japan. * China, Hong Kong, North Panama Peru Korea, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan Pseudodacnis hartlaubi Tangara peruviana Turquoise Dacnis Gubernatrix cristata Black-backed Tanager -' Yellow Cardinal VU Ale, Bl+2c, Cl-f2a EN -' A2c Colombia EN -' Alad+2d Brazil Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay (ex?), Rowettia goughensis Torreornis inexpectata Uruguay Gough Buntmg Cuban Sparrow -' Habia atrimaxillaris VU m+2 EN -' BI-H2C, Cl-H2a Black-cheeked Ant-tanager St Helena (Tristan da Cunha) Cuba VU =' Bl+2c,Cl+2b Saltator rufiventris Wetmorethraupis Costa Rica sterrhopteron Rufous-bellied Saltator Orange-throated Tanager Hemispingus goeringi '-' VU C2a EN 2' A2c Slaty-backed Hemispingus Argentina, Bolivia Ecuador, Peru VU =' Bl+2c, Cl-i-2a Spizella wortheni Venezuela Xenospingus concolor Worthen's Sparrow Slender-billed Finch Junco insularis -' EN C2a ^' Junco VU A2c, BI-^2c,CI-^2a Guadalupe Mexico, USA (ex) Chile, Peru CR -' Bl-i-2e, C2b Sporophila falcirostris Mexico Xenospiza baileyi Temminck's Seedeater Nemosia rourei Sierra Madre Sparrow EN -' AIc,Cl+2b Cherry-throated Tanager EN -' BI-H2C, CI-i-2a Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay CR =' Dl Mexico Brazil Sporophila frontalis Family PARULIDAE Nesospiza acunhae Buffy-fronted Seedeater EN -' Ale, Cl-h2b Tristan Bunting Basileuterus griseiceps Argentina?, VU =' D2 Brazil, Paraguay Grey-headed Warbler St Helena (Tristan da Cunha) Sporophila insulata CR -' A2c Nesospiza wilkinsi Tumaco Seedeater Venezuela Grosbeak Bunting CR -' Dl Catharopeza bishopi =' Colombia VU Dl+2 Whistling Warbler St Helena (Tristan da CunhaJ Sporophila melanops VU ^' D2 Oreothraupis arremonops Hooded Seedeater St Vincent Tanager-fmch VU =' Dl

'-' Conirostnim tamarugense VU C2a Brazil Tamarugo Conebill Colombia, Ecuador Sporophila nigrorufa VU '-' C\ Pinaroloxias inornata Black-and-tawny Seedeater Chile, Peru Cocos Finch EN -' Ale VU =' D2 Dendroica chrysoparia Bolivia, Brazil Costa Rica Golden-cheeked Warbler Sporophila palustris ^' Alee Poospiza alticola EN Marsh Seedeater USA. * Guatemala, Plain-tailed Warbling-fmch Honduras, EN -' Alcd+2cd Mexico, Nicaragua EN -' C2a Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay Peru Dendroica kirtlandii Poospiza baeri Sporophila zelichi Kirtland's Warbler Tucuman Mountain-finch Entre Ri'os Seedeater VU =' Dl-i-2 -' VU -' Dl CR A2cd,Cl+2b Canada?, USA. * Bahamas, Turks Argentina Argentina and Caicos Islands Poospiza garleppi Tangara cabanisi Geothlypis beldingi Cochabamba Mountain-Finch Azure-rumped Tanager Belding's Yellowthroat EN -' Bl+2c, Cl-H2b EN -' A2c VU -' Alc-f2c, Bl+2c Bolivia Guatemala, Mexico Mexico

55 Threatened Species

Geothlypis speciosa Palmeria dolei Agelaius xanthomus Black-polled Yellowthroat Akohekohe Yellow-shouldered Blackbird VU =' Alc+2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a VU -' D2 EN -' Bl+2cd, Cl-H2a Mexico USA (Hawaiian Is) Puerto Rico Leucopeza semperi Paroreomyza maculata Cacicus koepckeae Semper' s Warbler Oahu Alauahio Selva Cacique CR =' Dl CR -' Ala, Bl+2ce,C2a, Dl VU -' A2c, Cl+2b St Lucia USA (Hawaiian Is) Peru Myioborus cardonai Pseudonestor xanthophrys Curaeus forbesi Guaiquinima Whitestart Maui Parrotbill Forbes' s Blackbird =' -' VU D2 VU -' D\+2 CR A2cde,Cl-l-2a Venezuela USA (Hawaiian Is) Brazil Myioborus pariae Psittirostra psittacea Gymnostinops cassini Paria Whitestart Ou Baudo Oropendola -' CR Bl+2c -' CR -' Alac,Bl-^2abcde, C2a, Dl EN A2c Venezuela USA (Hawaiian Is) Colombia Vermivora bachmanii cantons Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster Bachman's Warbler Telespiza Laysan Finch Red-bellied Crackle -' CR Dl -' " EN Cl-H2a * VU D2 USA. Cuba? Colombia USA [int] (Hawaiian Is) Xenoligea montana Icterus bonana White-winged Warbler Telespiza ultima Martinique Oriole VU -' Alc,Bl+2c,Cl-H2a Nihoa Finch " EN -' Ale, Bl+2e,Cl-H2b Dominican Republic, Haiti VU D2 Martinique USA [int] (Hawaiian Is) Family DREPANTOroAE Sturnella mititaris Viridon ia parva Meadowlark Hemignathus lucidus Anianiau Pampas ' Ale Nukupuu VU ' Alacd, D2 EN * -' Argentina, Brazil?, Uruguay. CR Ala, Bl+2ce, C2a, Dl USA (Hawaiian Is) Brazil?, Uruguay USA (Hawaiian Is) Viridonia stejnegeri Hemignathus wilsoni Kauai Amakihi Family FRINGILLIDAE Akiapolaau VU -' Alacd, D2 EN " Bl+2ce,C2a Carduelis cucullata USA (Hawaiian Is) Siskin USA (Hawaiian Is) Red EN -' C2a Loxioides bailleui Family VIREONIDAE Colombia, Puerto Rico [int], Palila Vireo atricapillus Trinidad and Tobago (ex), Venezuela EN -' Bl+2e, C2a Black-capped Vireo USA (Hawaiian Is) Carduelis johannis -' EN Alcd-h2d Warsangli Linnet Loxops caeruleirostris Mexico, USA -' Akekee EN Bl-i-2abc Vireo caribaeus Somalia EN -' Bl+2ce San Andres Vireo USA (Hawaiian Is) Carduelis siemiradzkii CR -' Bl+2bc Loxops coccineus Saffron Siskin Colombia (San Andres Id) -' Akepa VU Bl-H2c,Cl-H2a Ecuador, Peru? EN -' Bl-l-2abcde Vireo gracilirostris USA (Hawaiian Is) Noronha Vireo Carduelis yarrellii

'-' Melamprosops phaeosoma VU D2 Yellow-faced Siskin Brazil -' Poo-uli VU Ald+2d CR =' Alace, Bl+2abcde,C2a, Dl Vireo sp. Brazil, Venezuela USA (Hawaiian Is) Choco Vireo Neospiza concolor 2' Oreomystis bairdi VU D2 Sao Tome Grosbeak Akikiki Colombia CR =' Dl EN -' Bl+2abcde Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome Family ICTERfflAE USA (Hawaiian Is) (ex?)) Oreomystis mana Agelaius flavus Serinus ankoberensis Hawaii Creeper Saffron-cowled Blackbird Ankober Serin EN -' Bl-i-2abcde EN =' Alac+2ce EN =' Bl-h2c USA Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay Ethiopia

56 Birds

Serinus Jlavigula Family PLOCEffiAE Ploceus ruweti Yellow-throated Serin Lake Lufira Weaver Foudia flavicans '-' -' D2 EN DI Rodrigues Fody VU Ethiopia Zaire VU -' Dl-i-2 Serinus xantholaema Mauritius (Rodrigues) Ploceus subpersonatus Weaver Salvadori's Serin Foudia rubra Loango -' =' VU C2b Mauritius Fody VU Bl+2c,C2a Ethiopia Angola, Gabon, Zaire CR -' Bl+2abce,C2b Family ESTRILDIDAE Mauritius Family STURNIDAE Foudia sechellarum Amandava formosa Aplonis brunneicapilla Seychelles Fody Green Avadavat White-eyed VU " D2 Starling VU =' Cl+2a EN '' C2a Seychelles India Papua New Guinea. Solomon Islands Malimbus ballmanni Chloebia gouldiae Gola Malimbe Aplonis cinerascens Gouldian Finch Rarotonga Starling =' A2c ' EN EN Bl+2de -' Cote d'lvoire?, Guinea, Liberia, VU Dl+2 Australia Sierra Leone Cook Islands Cryptospiza shelleyi Malimbus Jlavipes Aplonis pelzelni Shelley's Crimson-wing Yellow-legged Weaver Pohnpei Mountain Starling -' Ala, Cl+2a =' VU VU " C2a, Dl CR Bl-i-2be, C2b, Dl Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire Zaire Federated States of Micronesia Erythrura coloria Malimbus ihadanensis Aplonis santovestris Red-eared Parrotfinch Ibadan Malimbe Santo Mountain Starling =' B1+2C, C2a VU CR -' C2a VU " D2 Philippines Nigeria Vanuatu Erythrura kleinschmidti Ploceus aureonucha Cinnyricinclus femoralis Pink-billed Parrotfinch Golden-naped Weaver Abbott's Starling =' EN Bl+2e,C2a VU =' C2b, Dl VU =' Bl+2c,C2a Fiji Zaire Kenya, Tanzania Erythrura regia Ploceus bannermani Leucopsar rothschildi Royal Parrotfinch Bannerman's Weaver Bali Starling =' VU A2c VU =' Bl-H2abc,C2a CR =' Bl+2e, Cl+2b, Dl Vanuatu Cameroon, Nigeria? Indonesia Erythrura viridifacies Ploceus batesi Onychognathus frater Parrotfinch Green-faced Bates's Weaver Socotra Starling =' A2c,Cl+2a =' EN VU C2a VU -' Dl Philippines Cameroon Yemen Estrilda nigriloris Ploceus burnieri Family ORIOLIDAE Black-lored Waxbill Kilombero Weaver VU =' Bl+2ac VU -' Bl+2c,C2b, Dl Oriolus crassirostris Zaire Tanzania Sao Tome Oriole Estrilda poliopareia Ploceus golandi VU =' C2b Anambra Waxbill Clarke's Weaver Sao Tome & Principe VU =' Bl+2bc, Dl VU -' DH-2 Oriolus isabellae Nigeria Kenya Isabela Oriole Lonchura vana Ploceus megarhynchus CR " C2a, Dl Grey-banded Munia Yellow Weaver Philippines VU -' B1-H2C VU -' Cl+2a Oriolus mellianus Indonesia India Silver Oriole Neochmia ruficauda Ploceus nicolli VU -' Bl+2c,Cl-h2a Star Finch Tanzanian Mountain Weaver China. * Cambodia, Thailand VU ' C2a VU -' Bl+2bc,C2a, Dl Family DICRURffiAE Australia Tanzania Padda oryzivora Ploceus nigrimentum Dicrurus fuscipennis Java Sparrow Black-chinned Weaver Grand Comoro Drongo -' VU '-' Aid VU -' C2a CR C2a Comoros Fiji [int], Indonesia, USA [int] Angola, Congo?, Gabon

57 Threatened Species

Dicrurus waldenii Corvus leucognaphalus Family CROCODYLmAE Mayotte Drongo White-necked Crow Crocodylus acutus CR -' C2b,Dl VU -' Alc,Cl+2a American Crocodile Mayotte Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto " Alac Rico (ex) VU Family CALLAEIDAE Belize?, Colombia, Costa Rica, unicolor Corvus Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Callaeas cinerea Banggai Crow El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Kokako -' VU Dl Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, -' C2a EN Indonesia Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA, New Zealand Crypsirina cucutlata Venezuela Family PTILONORHYNCHmAE Hooded Treepie Crocodylus intermedius VU -' Ale, Cl+2a Archboldia papuensis Orinoco Crocodile Myanmar " Archbold's Bowerbird CR Ale, C2a Colombia, Venezuela VU -' CI Cyanolyca mirabilis Indonesia White-throated Jay Crocodylus mindorensis -' A1C-I-2C, Bl+2c, Cl+2a Sericulus bakeri EN Philippines Crocodile Mexico Fire-maned Bowerbird CR » Alc,C2a VU -' C2b Cyanolyca nana Philippines Papua New Guinea Dwarf Jay Crocodylus palustris -' EN Aic+2c, Bl+2c,Cl-i-2b Mugger Family PARADISAEIDAE Mexico VU « Ala,C2a Astrapia mayeri Garrulus lidthi Bangladesh (ex?), India, Iran, Nepal, Ribbon-tailed Astrapia Lidth's Jay Pakistan, Sri Lanka -' VU Bl+2ce VU =' Cl+2b Crocodylus rhombifer Papua New Guinea Japan Cuban Crocodile Epimachus fastuosus Perisoreus internigrans EN " Alce,Bl-H2c Black Sicklebill Sichuan Jay Cuba VU -' A2cd, C2a VU " Cl+2a Indonesia, Papua New Guinea China Crocodylus siamensis Macgregoria pulchra Siamese Crocodile Podoces biddulphi " Macgregor's Bird-of-paradise CR Alac Xinjiang Ground-jay -' Brunei?, Cambodia, Indonesia, VU Bl+2e,C2a =' VU Cl+2a Laos?, Malaysia, Myanmar?, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea China Thailand (ex?), Viet Nam Paradisaea decora Vrocissa ornata Goldie's Bird-of-paradise Osteolaemus tetraspis Sri Lanka Magpie VU -' Bl+2c West African Dwarf Crocodile VU -' Bl-H2ac,Cl+2a " Papua New Guinea VU A2cd Sri Lanka Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Paradisaea rudolphi Zavattariornis stresemanni Cameroon, Central African Republic, Blue Bird-of-paradise Ethiopian Bush-crow Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Gabon, VU -' Cl+2a VU -' Bl+2abc,C2b Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Papua New Guinea Ethiopia Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Parotia wahnesi Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Wahnes's Parotia Uganda?, Zaire Class REPTILIA VU =' CI Family Papua New Guinea GAVIALTOAE Order CROCODYLIA Family CORVmAE Gavialis gangeticus Gharial Corvus florensis Family ALLIGATORIDAE EN " C2a, E Flores Crow Alligator sinensis Bangladesh, Bhutan?, India, Nepal, ' VU Bl+2c, Cl+2a Chinese Alligator Pakistan Indonesia CR " AlcDl Corvus hawaiiensis China Order Hawaiian Crow [R. Yangtze] RHYNCHOCEPHALIA CR -' Dl Melanosuchus niger Family SPHENODONTIDAE USA (Hawaiian Is) Black Caiman Corvus kubaryi EN " A led Sphenodon guntheri Mariana Crow Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Brother's Island Tuatara CR -' Bl+2cde French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, VU " D1-H2 Guam, Northern Marianas Peru, Venezuela New Zealand

58 Reptiles 5*

Order SAURIA Family CORDVLIDAE Phelsuma standingi Standing's Day Gecko Family AGAMEDAE Cordylus cataphractus VU '» Alcd Armadillo Girdled Lizard Madagascar Calotes liocephalus VU '" A2d Spineless Forest Lizard South Africa Phyllodactylus europaeus EN "" Bl+2bc European Leaf-toed Gekko Cordylus giganteus Sri Lanka VU " Ala, Bl+2b Giant Girdled Lizard France, Italy, Tunisia Ceratophora tennentii VU '»' A2cd Tennent's Leaf-nosed Lizard South Africa Sphaerodactylus micropithecus EN '»' Bl+2bc Monito Gecko Cordylus mclachlani Sri Lanka EN "" Dl Girdled Lizard McLachlan's Puerto Rico Ctenophorus yinnietharra VU "" D2 Yinnietharra Rock Dragon South Africa Family HELODERMATmAE VU " D2 Australia Pseudocordylus nebulosus nov. Heloderma horridum '" VU D2 Beaded Lizard Family ANGUIDAE Africa South VU " A2cd Abronia montecristoi Tetradactylus breyeri Guatemala, Mexico "« Long-tailed Seps CR BI+2c Breyer's Heloderma suspectum "" Alc+2c El Salvador VU Gila Monster South Africa Diploglossus anelpistus VU " A2cd '^ Mexico, USA CR Bl+2abcd Family GEKKONBDAE Dominican Republic Family Christinus guentheri IGUANIDAE Diploglossus carruai VU '* Bl+2c, D2 EN '-« Bl+2bc Amblyrhynchus cristatus Australia, Norfolk Island Dominican Republic Galapagos Marine Iguana GoniosauTus kuroiwae VU "" Alee Diploglossus montisserrati Kuroiwa's Ground Gecko Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Monsterrat Galliwasp VU "" Bl+2cd CR " Bl+2c Anolis roosevelti Japan (Nansei-shoto) Montserrat Roosevelt's Giant Anole Hoplodactylus stephensi CR '» A2ce Gerrhonotus panamintus Stephen's Island Gecko Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British), Panamint Alligator Lizard " D2 Virgin Islands (US) VU '" D2 VU New Zealand USA Brachylophus fasciatus Lepidoblepharis montecanoensis Fiji Banded Iguana Family CHAMAELEONmAE Paraguanan Ground Gecko EN " Ale "" Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu [int] Bradypodion setaroi CR Bl+2c Venezuela Setaro's Dwarf Chamaeleon Brachylophus vitiensis

'"' EN Bl+2c Lepidodactylus listeri Fiji Crested Iguana South Africa VU " D2 CR '* Ale, Bl+2c Bradypodion taeniabronchum Christmas Island Fiji Smith's Dwarf Chamaeleon Lygodactylus methueni Conolophus pallidus CR '" Bl+2c Methuen's Dwarf Gecko Barrington Land Iguana South Africa VU "" B1+2C VU '" D2 Brookesia peramata South Africa Ecuador (Galapagos Is) '» VU Ald,D2 Nactus serpensinsula Conolophus subcristatus Madagascar Serpent Island Gecko Galapagos Land Iguana "" Furcifer campani VU "* D2 VU D2 VU '* Alcd Mauritius Ecuador (Galdpagos Is) Madagascar Nephrurus deteani Cyclura carinata " Furcifer labordi EN " Bl+2c CR Bl+2abcde VU '« Alcd Australia Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands Madagascar Phelsuma guentheri Cyclura collei Furcifer minor Round Island Day Gecko Jamaican Iguana " VU "* Alcd EN '" Dl CR B1-H2C Madagascar Mauritius Jamaica

59 Threatened Species

Cyclura cornuta Lacerta bonnali Ctenotus zastictus Rhinoceros Iguana VU " Bl+2cd Hamelin Ctenotus VU " Alacde+2ce Spain VU '" D2 Puerto Australia Dominican Republic, Haiti, Lacerta clarkorum Rico, USA EN " C2a Cyclodina alani Cyclura cychlura Georgia, Turkey Robust Skink Bahama Island Rock Iguana VU " Dl+2 Podarcis lilfordi VU =' Mace, BI+2b,Cl New Zealand Lilford's Wall Lizard Bahamas VU « Bl+2bd, D2 Cyclodina macgregori Cyclura nubila Spain (Balearic Is) MacGregor's Skink Cuban Ground Iguana VU '" D2 Podarcis milensis VU " Alcde+2ce New Zealand VU "' Bl+2bd,D2 Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico Greece Cyclodina whitakeri [int] Whitaker's Skink Podarcis pityusensis Cyclura pinguis VU " Dl+2 Ibiza Wall Lizard Anegada Rock Iguana New Zealand " VU " D2 CR A 1 abode, B 1 +2abce, C 1 +2b Egernia kintorei Virgin Islands (British) Spain (Balearic Is) Great Desert Skink Cyclura ricordi Family PYGOPODmAE VU '- Ale Ricord's Iguana Australia CR '* Alce+2cd, Bl+2ce Aprasia aurita Dominican Republic VU " B1+2C Eulamprus leuraensis Australia Blue Mountain Water Skink Cyclura rileyi EN " Bl+2c San Salvador Rock Iguana Delma impar Australia EN » C2a Striped Legless Lizard Bahamas VU " Ale Eumeces longirostris Australia Bermuda Rock Skink Gambelia situs CR " BI+2bcde Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard Delma labialis Bermuda EN " Alee Striped Tailed Delma USA VU '" AIc+2c,Bl+2c Leiolopisma telfairii Round Island Skink Iguana delicatissima Australia VU "» D2 Lesser Antillean Iguana Delma torquata Mauritius VU " Alacde+2cde, Bl+2abcde Collared Delma Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, VU " Alc+2c Lerista allanae Dominica, Guadeloupe (St Australia Allan's Lerista Barthelemy, St Martin), Martinique, CR " Ale, Bl+2c Ophidiocephalus taeniatus Netherlands Antilles, St Kitts and Australia Nevis (ex) Bronzeback Snake-lizard VU '* Alac, Bl+2c Lerista vittata Liolaemus huacahuasicus Australia Mount Cooper Striped Lerista VU '" D2 EN " Ale, Bl+2c Argentina Paradelma orientalis Australia Brigalow Scaly-foot Liolaemus rabinoi VU » Alc+2c Neoseps reynoldsi VU '» Ale, D2 AusU-alia Sand Skink Argentina VU " A2ce [Lago Nihuil] Family SCCMCBDAE USA Uma inornata Niveoscincus palfreymani Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard Acanthiops lineatus Woodbush Legless Skink Pedra Branca Skink EN " Ala, Bl+2c USA VU '« A2c VU " D2 South Africa Australia Family LACERTIDAE Anomalopus mackayi Oligosoma grande Algyroides marchi Long-legged Worm-skink Grand Skink VU « Bl+2cd VU '" Ale, Bl+2c VU '" C2a Spain Australia New Zealand

Gallotia simonyi Ctenotus lancelini Oligosoma homalonotum Hierro Giant Lizard Lancelin Island Skink Chevron Skink CR « Bl+2e,C2b VU " D2 VU " D2 Spain (Canary Is) Australia New Zealand

60 Reptiles ^

Oligosoma lichenigera Family XANTUSIIDAE Alsophis rufiventris Lord Howe Island Skink Red-bellied Racer Xantusia riversiana VU '" B1+2C, D2 EN " Bl+2ce Island Night Lizard Australia, Norfolk Island Netherlands Antilles, St Kitts and " VU D2 Nevis (ex) Oligosoma microlepis USA Small-scaled Skink Chironius vincenti VU '" Bl+2bcd St Vincent Blacksnake New Zealand Order SERPENTES CR '« Bl+2ac St Vincent Oligosoma otagense Family BOIDAE Otago Skink Coluber cypriensis VU '" C2a Acrantophis dumerili EN »' C2a, Dl New Zealand Dumeril's Boa Cyprus VU "* Alcd Oligosoma striatum Coluber gyorensis Madagascar, Reunion? [int] Striped Skink CR " Dl VU '* Bl+2bcd Acrantophis madagascariensis Greece New Zealand Madagascar Boa VU "* Alcd Iguanognathus werneri "" Oligosoma waimatense Madagascar VU D2 Scree Skink Indonesia VU " Bl+2bd Aspidites ramsayi Lamprophis fiskii New Zealand Woma EN " Ale Fisk's House Snake "« Scelotes guentheri Australia VU A2cd, Bl+2c Giinther's Dwarf Burrowing Skink South Africa Casarea dussumieri VU '»' A2c Round Island Keel-scaled Boa Liophis cursor South Africa EN "* Dl CR " Bl+2e,C2b, Dl Scelotes kasneri Mauritius Martinique Kasner's Dwarf Burrowing Skink Liophis omatus VU "« A2c Epicrates subflavus Jamaican Boa St Lucia Racer South Africa VU " A2ce EN « Dl Tiliqua adelaidensis Jamaica St Lucia Pygmy Bluetongue Sanzinia madagascariensis Liophis perfuscus EN " B1+2C Madagascar Tree Boa Barbados Racer Australia VU "» Alcd EN " C2b Typhlosaurus lomii Madagascar Barbados Lomi's Blind Legless Skink Natrix megalocephala '« Family COLUBRIDAE VU A2c Large-headed Water Snake South Africa Achalinus werneri VU « Aid, CI Takachiho Snake Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, Turkey Family TEIffiAE Amami VU '" B1+2C Opisthotropis kikuzatoi Japan (Nansei-shoto) Ameiva polops Kikuzato's Brook Snake Saint Croix Ground Lizard ™ Adelphicos daryi CR '»' Bl+2c CR Bl+2ae EN '» Bl+2c Japan (Nansei-shoto) Virgin Islands (US) Guatemala Thamnophis gigas Cnemidophorus vanzoi Alsophis antiguae Giant Garter Snake St Lucia Whiptail Antiguan Racer VU " Alcde+2cde VU " D2 CR " C2b,Dl USA St Lucia Antigua and Barbuda Thermophis baileyi Family VARANIDAE Alsophis ater VU '»' D2 Black Racer China Varanus komodoensis CR '* Bl+2ce Komodo Dragon Jamaica VU "« Bl+2cde Alsophis rijersmai Family ELAPIDAE Indonesia Leeward Island Racer Varanus olivaceus EN " A2ce, Bl+2ce Austrelaps labialis Gray's Monitor Anguilla, Guadeloupe (St Pygmy Copperhead " VU '" Ale Barth^lemy, St Martin), Netherlands VU Bl+2c Philippines Antilles Australia

61 Threatened Species

Denisonia maculata Macrovipera schweizeri Chelodina mccordi Ornamental Snake Cyclades Blunt-nosed Viper Roti Island Snake-necked Turtle " '" VU " Alc+2c CR A 1 bcd-l-2bcd, B 1 +2bce, C2a VU D2 Australia Greece Indonesia

Echiopsis atriceps Trimeresurus mangshanensis Ch elodina parkeri Lake Cronin Snake VU '" D2 Parker's Snake-necked Turtle "* VU » D2 China VU D2 Australia Vipera albizona Indonesia, Papua New Guinea EN " Bl+2e,C2a Chelodina pritchardi Echiopsis curta Turkey Pritchard's Snake-necked Turtle VU '- B1+2C VU '"> D2 Australia Vipera bornmuelleri VU "" B1-H2C Papua New Guinea Furina dunmalli Lebanon, Syria Elseya sp. 1 Dunmall's Snake Namoi River Snapping Turtle '* Vipera bulgardaghica VU Alc+2c "» " Bl+2e, C2a EN Bl+2c Australia CR Turkey Australia Hoplocephalus bungaroides [R. Darling] Vipera darevskii Broad-headed Snake CR « C2b Elusor macrurus VU " B1+2C Armenia, Georgia Mary River Turtle Australia EN '" B1-H2C Vipera dinniki Australia Ogmodon vitianus VU " Cl-f2a Fiji Snake [R. Mary] Georgia, Russia VU " Bl+2c, D2 Hydromedusa maximiliani Vipera kaznakovi Fiji Brazilian Snake-necked Turtle Caucasian Viper VU "<• Bl+2cd Family EN " Alcd-i-2cd HYDROPHimAE Brazil Georgia, Russia, Turkey Laticauda crockeri Phrynops dahli Vipera latifii VU '* Bl+2c,D2 Dahl's Toad-headed Turtle Latifi's Viper Solomon Islands CR "" Bl-h2c VU '«' B1+2C [L. Te-Nggana] Colombia Iran Phrynops hogei Family TYPHLOPIDAE Vipera pontica Hoge's Sideneck Turtle CR "' C2ab, Dl EN "' B1-I-2C Ramphotyphlops exocoeti Georgia?, Turkey Christmas Island Blind Snake Brazil Vipera ursinii VU '" D2 Phrynops zuliae EN " Alc+2c Christmas Island Zulia Toad-headed Turtle Austria?, France, Greece, Hungary, VU '" B1-H2C Typhlops monensis Italy, Romania, Turkey, Ukraine Venezuela Mona Blind Snake Vipera wagneri '" Dl Pseudemydura umbrina EN EN" Ald-i-2d, Bl-i-2e, CI Puerto Western Swamp Turtle Rico Iran, Turkey CR "' Ale, Bl-f2c,Cl+2b, Dl Family VIPERBDAE Australia Order TESTUDINES Bids inornata Rheodytes leukops Plain Mountain Adder Family CARETTOCHELYIDAE Fitzroy River Turtle " VU '«' A2cd, Bl+2ab Carettochelys insculpla VU A1c-h2c, D2 Australia South Africa Pig-nose Turtle '™ Bids schneideri VU Albd Family CHELONIIDAE Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Namaqua Dwarf Adder Caretta caretta '" Guinea VU A2cd Loggerhead Namibia, South Africa Family CHELIDAE EN "" Alabd Bothrops insularis Acanthochelys chacoensis Angola?, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Cape Golden Lancehead Chaco Swamp Turtle '"« Verde?, Cayman Islands, China, OR A2d VU '" Bl-H2a Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Brazil Argentina Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Crotalus unicolor Acanthochelys pallidipectoris Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Aruba Island Rattlesnake Chaco Side-necked Turtle Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India?, '- '" CR C2b VU Ale, Dl Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Aruba Argentina, Bolivia?, Paraguay Japan, Libya, Madagascar, Mexico,

62 Reptiles &S

Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Lepidochelys kempii Myanmar?, Namibia, New Islands (US), Western Sahara?, Kemp's Ridley Caledonia, Nicaragua, Oman, Westem Samoa?, Yemen, Zaire? CR '" Alab Panama, Papua New Guinea?, [Atlantic (eastem central, northeast, Mexico, USA [int] Philippines, Puerto Rico, Senegal, northwest, southeast, southwest, [Atlantic (eastem central, northeast, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St Lucia, westem central), Indian Ocean northwest, westem central)] Turkey, Turks and Caicos Islands, (eastem, westem), Mediterranean Lepidochelys olivacea USA, Venezuela, Virgin Islands and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem Olive Ridley (British) central, northwest, southwest, EN "» Alabd [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, westem central)] Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, northwest, southeast, southwest, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, western central), Indian Ocean French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, (eastem, western), Mediterranean Eretmochelys imbricata Honduras, India, Indonesia, Kenya, and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem Hawksbill Turtle Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, central, northeast, northwest, "» OR Alabd-l-2bcd Mozambique, Myanmar, Nicaragua, southeast, southwest, western American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua central)] and Barbuda, Aruba, Australia, New Guinea, Peru, Senegal, South Chelonia mydas Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Green Turtle Belize, Brazil, British Indian Ocean Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and EN "» Alabd Territory, Cambodia, Cameroon?, Tobago, Venezuela Verde?, China?, Colombia, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Cape (Atlantic (eastem central, southeast, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Comoros, southwest, westem central), Indian Cote d'lvoire?, Cuba, Djibouti?, Bahamas?, Bangladesh, Belize, Ocean (eastem, western), Pacific Dominica, Dominican Republic, Benin?, Brazil, British Indian Ocean (eastem central, southeast, Egypt, El Salvador?, Territory, Cambodia?, Cameroon?, Ecuador, southwest, western central)] Federated Cape Verde?, Chile?, China, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Natator depressus States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Colombia, Comoros, Congo?, Cook Flatback Guiana, French Polynesia?, Gabon?, Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire?, VU "» A2cde Ghana?, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti?, Dominica, Australia Guam, Guatemala, Guinea?, Dominican Republic, Ecuador [Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific Guinea-Bissau?, Guyana, Haiti, (Galapagos Is), Egypt, El Salvador, (southwest, westem central)] Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Federated Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kiribati?, States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Family CHELYDRmAE Kuwait?, Madagascar, Malaysia, Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon?, Macroclemys temminckii Ghana?, Grenada, Guadeloupe?, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Alligator Snapping Turtle Guam, Guatemala, Guinea?, Martinique, Mauritania?, Mayotte, "" led Mexico, Montserrat, Mozambique, VU A Guinea-Bissau?, Guyana, Haiti, USA Honduras?, India, Indonesia, Iran, Myanmar, Netherlands Antilles, New Nicaragua, Nigeria?, Israel (ex?), Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Caledonia?, Family DERMATEMYDmAE Kiribati, Kuwait, Liberia?, Northern Marianas?, Oman, Palau, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Dermatemys mawii Central American River Turtle Marshall Islands, Martinique, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Qatar, "" Mauritania, Mauritius (St Brandon), Reunion (lies Glorieuses), Sao Tome EN Alabcd^2bcd,Bl+2cde Mayotte, Mexico, Montserrat?, & Principe?, Saudi Arabia, Senegal?, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mozambique, Myanmar, Netherlands Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Mexico Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, St Kitts Family DERMOCHELYIDAE Nigeria?, Nine, Northern Marianas, and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Sudan, Suriname, Taiwan?, Dermochelys coriacea Papua New Guinea, Peru, Tanzania, Thailand, Tokelau, Leatherback Philippines, Puerto Rico, Qatar?, Tonga?, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks EN "» Alabd Reunion (Europa, lies Glorieuses, and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu?, US Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Juan de Nova, Tromelin), Sao Tome Minor Pacific Islands?, USA, United Barbuda, Australia, Brazil, & Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Arab Emirates?, Vanuatu, Colombia?, Costa Rica, Cote Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Venezuela, Viet Nam?, Virgin d'lvoire, Cuba, Dominica, Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, St Islands (British), Virgin Islands Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Helena (Ascension), St Kitts and (US), Westem Sahara?, Westem El Salvador, Fiji, French Guiana, Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent, Sudan?, Samoa, Yemen Ghana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Suriname, Taiwan?, Tanzania, [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Thailand, Togo?, Tokelau, Tonga, northwest, southeast, southwest, India, Indonesia, Israel (ex?), Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Turks westem central), Indian Ocean Liberia, Malaysia, Martinique, and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, US (eastem, westem), Mediterranean Mexico, Montserrat, Mozambique, Netherlands Antilles, Minor Pacific Islands (Line Is), and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem Myanmar, USA, United Arab Emirates, central, northwest, southeast, Nicaragua, Panama, Papua New Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, southwest, westem central)] Guinea, Peru?, Puerto Rico, Senegal,

63 Threatened Species

Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Geoemyda leytensis Sacalia quadriocellata Lanka, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, Philippine Pond Turtle Four-eyed Turtle St Vincent, Suriname, Thailand, EN '" Bl+2c VU '" B1+2C Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Philippines China, Viet Nam Venezuela?, Virgin Islands (British), Geoemyda silvatica coahuila Virgin Islands (US), Zaire Terrapene Cochin Forest Cane Turtle Aquatic Turtle [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Box '" ™ northwest, southeast, southwest, EN Bl+2c EN Alacd,Bl-i-2cd western central), Indian Ocean India Mexico (eastern, western), Mediterranean Graptemys caglei [Cuatro Cienegas basin] and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern Cagle's Map Turtle Trachemys aduitrix central, northeast, northwest, '" VU Ale, Bl+2c Carvalho's Slider southeast, southwest, western USA "' B1-H2C central)] EN [R. Guadelupe-San Antonio] Brazil Graptemys Jlavimaculata Family Trachemys decorata EMYDmAE Yellow-blotched Map Turtle Hispaniolan Slider "" Bl+2c Batagur baska EN VU '" B1+2C River Terrapin USA Dominican Republic, Haiti EN "' Albcd [R. Pascagoula] Trachemys gaigeae Bangladesh, Cambodia?, India, Graptemys oculifera Big Bend Slider Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Ringed Map Turtle Singapore?, Thailand, Viet Nam? VU ''' Alc,D2 EN "" Bl+2c Mexico, USA Callagur borneoensis USA Painted Terrapin [R. Pearl] Trachemys terrapen "' Jamaican Slider CR Albcd Heosemys spinosa Brunei?, Indonesia, Malaysia, "» Spiny Turtle VU B1-H2C Thailand VU '™ Albd Bahamas [int], Jamaica Clemmys guttata Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Family KINOSTERNmAE Spotted Turtle Myanmar?, Thailand '^' VU Alcd+2cd Hieremys annandalii Kinostemon angustipons Canada, USA Yellow-headed Temple Turtle Narrow-bridged Mud Turtle Clemmys insculpta VU '" Alacd+2cd VU '" B1+2C Wood Turtle Cambodia, Malaysia?, Myanmar?, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama VU "" Alabcd+2cd Thailand, Viet Nam Kinostemon dunni Canada, USA Kachuga kachuga Dunn's Mud Turtle Clemmys marmorata Red-crowned Roofed Turtle VU '" B1-H2C Pacific Pond Turtle EN "' A led Colombia VU " A led Bangladesh, India, Nepal Kinostemon sonoriense (ex), Mexico, Canada USA Kachuga trivittata Sonera Mud Turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii Burmese Roofed Turtle VU '" Ale "" Bog Turtle EN Ale Mexico, USA EN "' Alcd+2cd Myanmar Sternotherus depressus USA Melanochelys tricarinata Flattened Musk Turtle Cuora flavomarginata Three-keeled Land Tortoise "' B1-H2C "" VU Yellow-margined Box Turtle VU B1-I-2C USA VU "<• A2c Bangladesh, India, Nepal? [R. Black Warrior] China, Japan (Nansei-shoto), Taiwan Pseudemys alabamensis Cuora trifasciata Alabama Red-bellied Turtle Chinese Three-striped Box Turtle EN '" Bl+2c Family PELOMEDUSmAE EN '™ A2d USA China, Laos?, Myanmar?, Viet Nam [Mobile Bay] Erymnochelys madagascariensis Geoemyda depressa Rhinoclemmys rubida Madagascan Big-headed Turtle '™ Arakan Forest Turtle Mexican Spotted Wood Turtle EN Alcd-H2d CR '" A2cd, Bl+2c VU "« B1-H2C Madagascar Myanmar Mexico Peltocephalus dumerilianus Geoemyda japonica Sacalia bealei Big-headed Amazon River Turtle Ryukyu Leaf Turtle Beal's-eyed Turtle VU "<• Alacd EN '" Ale, Bl+2c VU "< B1+2C Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Japan (Nansei-shoto) China, Hong Kong Guiana, Guyana?, Peru, Venezuela

64 Reptiles ^

Pelusios broadleyi Geochelone sulcata Pyxis arachnoides Turkana Mud Turtle African Spurred Tortoise Spider Tortoise VU "' D2 VU "" A led VU '" Bl+2abcd Kenya Chad, Egypt?, Eritrea?, Ethiopia, Madagascar [L. Turkana] Mali, Mauritania. Niger?, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan Pyxis planicauda Pelusios seychellensis Madagascar Flat-shelled Tortoise Seychelles Mud Turtle Geochelone yniphora EN '" Alcd, Bl+2bcd '" VU D2 Madagascar Tortoise Madagascar Seychelles EN "« Ale, Bl+2cd Testudo graeca Podocnemis erythrocephala Madagascar Spur-thighed Tortoise Red-headed River Turtle Gopherus agassizii '" "» VU Alcd VU Albd Desert Tortoise Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela '" VU Alacde+2cde, E Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Egypt, France Podocnemis lewyana Mexico, USA [int], Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Magdalena River Turtle Israel, Italy [int], Jordan, Lebanon, Gopherus flavomarginatus EN "' Albd Libya, Macedonia, Moldova, Bolson Tortoise Colombia Morocco, Romania, Russia, Spain, VU "' Aid, Bl+2bc, CI [Rio Magdalena basin] Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Mexico Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Podocnemis sextuberculata Six-tubercled River Turtle Gopherus polyphemus Testudo horsfieldii VU '" Alacd Gopher Tortoise Central Asian Tortoise '" Alacde '" Brazil, Colombia, Peru VU VU A2d USA Afghanistan, Armenia?, Azerbaijan, Podocnemis unifilis China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Yellow-spotted River Turtle Homopus bergeri Pakistan, Russia?, Tajikistan, '" Berger's Cape Tortoise VU Alacd Turkmenistan '° Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, VU C2a French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Namibia Testudo kleinmanni Suriname, Venezuela Egyptian Tortoise Indotestudo elongata '" EN A 1 abed Family TESTUDINIDAE Elongated Tortoise Egypt, Israel, Libya VU '" Alacd Geochelone chilensis Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Family TRIONYCHIDAE Argentine Tortoise Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, VU ™ A led Thailand, Viet Nam Amyda cartilaginea Argentina, Paraguay Indotestudo forstenii Asiatic Softshell Turtle Geochelone denticulata '" Travancore Tortoise VU Alcd+2cd South American Yellow-footed VU '" A led Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Tortoise India, Indonesia Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam VU "< Alcd+2cd Apalone ater Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Malacochersus tomieri Cuatro Cienegas Softshell Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Pancake Tortoise '" Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela VU '" Albd CR Alace, Bl+2c Mexico Geochelone gigantea Kenya, Tanzania Aldabra Giant Tortoise Manouria emys Aspideretes nigricans '" VU D2 Asian Giant Tortoise Black Soft-shell Turtle Seychelles VU "' Alcd CR "' Bl+2a Bangladesh Geochelone nigra Bangladesh, Cambodia?, China?, India, Indonesia, Laos?, Malaysia, Galapagos Giant Tortoise Chitra chitra Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam? VU ™ A2c, Bl+2c Striped Narrow-headed Softshell Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Manouria impressa Turtle "" Geochelone platynota Impressed Tortoise CR Alcd, B1+2C Burmese Starred Tortoise VU ™ Alacd, Bl+2acd Thailand CR "» Alcd+2cd, C2a Cambodia?, China?, Laos?, [R. Mae Khlong] Myanmar Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Chitra indica Viet Nam Geochelone radiata Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle Radiated Tortoise Psammobates geometricus VU "' Alcd VU '" Alacd+2cd, Bl+2abc Geometric Tortoise Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Madagascar, Mauritius [int], EN ™ Alac, Bl+2c Pakistan Reunion [int] South Africa [R. Indus]

65 Threatened Species

Nilssonia formosa Pedostibes kempi Litoria piperata Burmese Peacock Softshell Garo Hill Tree Toad Peppered Tree Frog VU "« Alacd+2cd, Bl+2c VU '»' D2 CR " Alac Myanmar, Thailand? India Australia

Pelochelys bibroni Pedostibes tuberculosus Litoria raniformis Asian Giant Softshell Turtle Malabar Tree Toad Southern Bell Frog VU '" Alcd VU '" Bl+2c EN " Alac Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, India Australia Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua Peltophryne lemur Litoria rheocola New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Puerto Rican Crested Toad Common Mistfrog Viet Nam '" Alace, B2c+3b VU EN " Alac Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British) Pelochelys cantorii Australia Cantor's Giant Softshell Family DISCOGLOSSIDAE VU "' Alcd+2cd Litoria spenceri Spotted Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Alytes dickhilleni Frog VU " BI+2cd VU '* Alac Rafetus euphraticus Spain Australia Euphrates Softshell Turtle EN " Alac+2c Alytes muletensis Nyctimystes dayi Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey Ferreret Australian Lace-lid CR « Bl+2bc EN '" Alac Spain (Balearic Is) Australia Class AMPHIBIA Discoglossus montalentii Family HYPEROLimAE VU " A2c, B2c+3d, C2a France Order ANURA Hyperolius pickersgilli Family HELEOPHRVNIDAE Pickersgill's Reed Frog Family BUFONIDAE VU '"' Bl-H2abc Heleophryne hewitti South Africa Bufo amatolica Hewitt's Ghost Frog Amatola Toad EN '" Bl+2abc Leptopelis xenodactylus "" VU A2ce South Africa Long-toed Tree Frog South Africa VU '" A2c Heleophryne rosei South Africa Bufo boreas Table Mountain Ghost Frog EN "" Alee VU '" Alce+2ce, Bl+2abc, D2 Tachycnemis seychellensis Canada, Mexico, USA South Africa Seychelle Islands Tree Frog VU '«' D2 Bufo canorus Family HYLffiAE Yosemite Toad Seychelles EN '" Ala, B2be+3b Hyla vasta '«' Family LEIOFELMATmAE USA VU Ale Dominican Republic, Haiti Bufo exsul Leiopelma hamiltoni Litoria flavipunctata Black Toad Hamilton's Frog Yellow-spotted Tree Frog " VU " D2 VU D2 " USA CR Alac New Zealand Australia Bufo houstonensis Family LEPTODACTYLIDAE Litoria lorica Houston Toad Amoured Frog " C2a Atelognathus grandisonae EN CR " Ale USA VU '" D2 Australia Chile Bufo nelsoni Litoria nannotis Atelognathus nitoi Amargosa Toad Torrent Tree Frog '" VU '" D2 EN AIace,Bl+2abcd EN " Ale Argentina USA Australia [Laguna Verde] Bufo periglenes Litoria nyakalensis Golden Toad Nyakala Frog Atelognathus reverberii '" '" CR Bl+2ce+3b CR '" Ale VU Bl+2c+3b Costa Rica Australia Argentina Nectophrynoides occidentalis Litoria pearsoniana Atelognathus solitarius Mt Nimba Viviparous Toad Pearson's Frog VU "" D2 EN '" Bl+2c VU " Alac Argentina Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia? Australia [Las Bayas stream]

66 Amphibians «?

Batrachophrynus macrostomus Breviceps macrops Taudactylus eungellensis Lake Junin Frog Desert Rain Frog Eungella Torrent Frog VU '" A2cde VU "« A2c VU " Bl-H2e Peru Namibia?, South Africa Australia [L. Junin] Dyscophus antongilii Taudactylus liemi Eleutherodactylus cavernicola VU "* Alcd Liem's Frog VU '" D2 Madagascar VU '" Bl+2e Australia Jamaica Melanobatrachus indicus Eleutherodactylus cooki Black Microhylid Taudactylus pleione VU '" D2 EN '" BI+2c Pleione's Torrent Frog " Puerto Rico India VU Bl+2e Australia Eleutherodactylus fuscus Family MYOBATRACHIDAE Taudactylus rheophilus VU '«= Bl+2c Tinkling Frog Jamaica Geocrinia alba " Frog CR Alac Eleutherodactylus junori White-bellied " Bl+2c Australia VU '"' Bl+2c EN Jamaica Australia Family PIPIDAE

Eleutherodactylus karlschmidtii Geocrinia vitellina Xenopus gilli Yellow-bellied Frog CR '«' Alae Cape Platanna " Puerto Rico VU D2 VU '" Alce-H2ce,Bl+2abc-H3b Australia South Africa Eleutherodactylus sisyphodemus '" Mixophyes balbus VU D2 Family RANIDAE Jamaica Stuttering Frog goliath VU '" Ale Conraua Eupsophus migueli Australia Goliath Frog VU "« D2 VU '« Bl+2c Chile Mixophyes fleayi Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea Fleay's Frog Holoaden bradei Mantella aurantiaca EN '" Alac CR »° Ala '« Alcd Australia VU Brazil Madagascar Mixophyes iteratus Hylodes sazimai Microbatrachella capensis Southern Barred Frog VU "" A2c Micro Frog EN " Alac Brazil EN '"= Alce-H2ce, B2abc+3b Australia Insuetophrymus acarpicus South Africa VU "" D2 Philoriafrosti Platymantis insulatus Baw-baw Frog Chile VU '»' D2 " EN Ala Philippines Paratelmatobius lutzii Australia CR «> Ala Platymantis spelaeus corroboree '" Brazil Pseudophryne VU D2 Corroboree Frog Somuncuria somuncurensis Philippines EN '* Alac Somuncura Frog Platymantis vitiensis Australia EN '«' Bl+2bc Fijian Ground Frog " Argentina Rheobatrachus silus EN Bl+2c Gastric Brooding Frog Fiji atacamensis Telmatobius " CR Alac cascadae EN '»' Ale Rana Australia '" Argentina VU Ala Rheobatrachus vitellinus USA Thoropa lutzi Gastric Breeding Frog CR ^ Ala Southern Raiui holsti EN '* Bl-i-2be Hoist's Frog Brazil Australia VU '" B1-H2C Thoropa petropolitana Taudactylus acutirostris Japan (Nansei-shoto) CR »° Ala Sharp-nosed Torrent Frog Rana holtzi Brazil CR " Ale EN » Bl+2bc-H3d,E Family MICROHYLIDAE Australia Turkey

Breviceps gibbosus Taudactylus diurnus Rana ishikawae Cape Rain Frog Mt Glorias Torrent Frog Ishikawa's Frog "" VU '" A2c CR '* Dl VU B1-H2C (Nansei-shoto) South Africa Australia Japan

67 Threatened Species

Rana muscosa Batrachuperus mustersi Hydromantes shastae VU '" Ala EN '"' Bl+2bc Shasta Salamander USA Afghanistan VU " D2 Rana namiyei Batrachuperus persicus USA Namiye's Frog VU "» D2 Phaeognathus hubrichti VU '" B1+2C Iran Red Hills Salamander Japan (Nansei-shoto) " Hynobius abei EN B1+2C Rana onca Abe's Salamander USA Relict Leopard Frog EN '" Bl+2c Plethodon hubrichti VU '" Mac, Bl+2ade Japan VU "" D2 USA Hynobius dunni USA Rana subaspera Oita Salamander Plethodon neomexicanus Otton Frog VU '" A lac Jemez Mountains Salamander VU '«' B1+2C Japan EN " Bl+2c Japan (Nansei-shoto) Hynobius hidamontanus USA Family SOOGLOSSmAE Hakuba Salamander Plethodon nettingi VU '" A2c Cheat Mountain Salamander Nesomantis thomasseti Japan VU " D2 Thomasset's Seychelles Frog USA EN '»' Bl+2c Hynobius okiensis Seychelles Oki Salamander Plethodon shenandoah EN '" Bl+2c Shenandoah Salamander Sooglossus gardineri Japan EN '" Bl+2c Gardiner's Seychelles Frog USA VU '" D2 Hynobius takedai Seychelles Hokuriku Salamander Plethodon stormi "" Siskiyou Mts Salamander Sooglossus sechellensis EN Bl+2c Japan VU " D2 Seychelles Frog USA VU "" D2 Ranodon sibiricus Seychelles Semirechensk Salamander Speleomantes Jlavus VU '"' Ald+2d VU " C2b, D2 Order CAUDATA China, Kazakhstan Italy Typhlomolge rathbuni Family PLETHODONTmAE Family AMBYSTOMATmAE Texas Blind Salamander Ambystoma californiense Batrachoseps aridus VU "« D2 VU '«' A2c Desert Slender Salamander USA USA CR " A2cd Family PROTEIDAE Ambystoma cingulatum USA VU "" Ale Batrachoseps campi Proteus anguinus USA EN "" Bl+2a Olm VU " Bl+2bc, C2a Ambystoma lermaense USA Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Lake Lerma Salamander Batrachoseps simatus France [int], Italy, Slovenia CR '" Bl+2c Kern Canyon Slender Salamander Mexico VU " D2 Family SALAMANDRTOAE [L. Lerma] USA Chioglossa lusitanica Ambystoma mexicanum Batrachoseps stebbinsi Gold-striped Salamander Axolotl Tehachapi Slender Salamander VU « A2c '" " VU D2 VU D2 Portugal, Spain Mexico USA Euproctus platycephalus [L. Xochimiico] Eurycea nana Sardinian Brook Salamander Family CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE San Marcos Salamander CR " Alac, Bl+2bcd VU " D2 Italy Andrias japonicus USA Japanese Giant Salamander Mertensiella luschani VU '" Bl+2cd Eurycea tridentifera Lycian Salamander '" " Japan VU D2 VU Bl+2cde USA Greece, Turkey Family HYNOBiroAE Hydromantes brunus Paramesotriton deloustali Batrachuperus gorganensis Limestone Salamander Vietnamese Salamander VU "" D2 VU ^' D2 VU "» D2 Iran USA Viet Nam

68 Fishes: sharks, rays

Salamandra lanzai central), Indian Ocean (eastern, Sea, Pacific (eastern central, Large Alpine Salamander western), Mediterranean and Black northwest, southeast, southwest, VU «' C2a Sea, Pacific (northwest, southwest, western central)] western Italy central)] Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar Shark The following four Classes include Family LAMNIDAE VU " Albd+2d fishes. Most species listed are Carcharodon carcharias [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, non-marine. The marine fish listings Great White Shark northwest, southeast, southwest, below represent the first attempt to western VU *« Albcd+2cd central), Indian Ocean interpret the conservation status of (eastern, western), Mediterranean [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, marine fishes according to the new and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern northwest, southeast, southwest, lUCN Red List criteria. These criteria central, northwest, western central)] western central), Indian Ocean require further evaluation in order to (eastern, western), Mediterranean Glyphis gangettcus assess how well they reflect extinction and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern Ganges Shark risk in marine fishes. central, northeast, northwest, CR " Albcde+2cde, C2b southeast, southwest, western India, Pakistan? Class central)] [R. Ganges (R. Hooghly)] CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI Lamna nasus Porbeagle Order SQUALIFORMES Order VU •" Albd+2d PETROMYZONTIFORMES [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Family SQUALffiAE northwest, southeast, western Family PETROMYZONTIDAE Dalatias licha central), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, Kitefin Shark Eudontomyzon hellenicus eastern, western), Mediterranean and VU " Ald+2d Greek Brook Lamprey Black Sea, Pacific (southeast, '" [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, VU A2ce, Bl+2c southwest)] Greece northwest, southeast, western central), Indian Ocean (eastern, Lethenteron zanandreai Family CETORHEVIDAE western), Mediterranean and Black Lombardy Brook Lamprey Cetorhinus maximus Sea, Pacific (eastern central, EN '«' B1+2C Basking Shark northwest, southwest, western Croatia?, Italy, Slovenia VU " Alad+2d central)] Mordacia praecox [Atlantic (eastern central, eastern Non-parasitic Lamprey central, northeast, northwest, VU "' D2 Order PRISTIFORMES southeast, southwest), Indian Ocean Australia (eastern), Mediterranean and Black Family PRISTIDAE Sea, Pacific (eastern central, Pristis microdon Class ELASMOBRANCHII northeast, northwest, southeast, Freshwater Sawfish southwest)] * Albcd+2cd Order HEXANCHEFORMES EN Australia, India, Indonesia, Papua Family HEXANCHTOAE Order CARCHARINIFORMES New Guinea, South Africa, Thailand [Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific Hexanchus griseus Family CARCHARHINIDAE (westem central)] Bluntnose Sixgill Shark Carcharhinus limbatus VU " Ald+2d Pristis pectinata Blacktip Shark Sawfish [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Smalltooth VU "' Albd+2d ™ northwest, southeast, southwest, EN Albcd+2cd [Atlantic (eastern central, northwest, western central), Indian Ocean [Atlantic (southwest, westem southeast, southwest, western (eastern, western), Mediterranean central), Indian Ocean (eastern, central), Indian Ocean (eastern, and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern western)] western), Mediterranean and Black central, northeast, northwest, Pristis perotteti Sea, Pacific (eastern central, southeast, southwest)] Largetooth Sawfish northwest, southeast, western EN » Albcd-i-2cd central)] Order LAMNIFORMES Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Carcharhinus obscurus Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Family ODONTASPIDIDAE Dusky Shark Honduras, Mali, Nicaragua, Panama, Carcharias taurus EN '" Ald+2d Senegal Sand tiger Shark [Atlantic (eastern central, northwest, [Atlantic (northeast, westem central, EN '" Alab+2d southeast, southwest, western eastem central, southwest), [Atlantic (eastern central, northwest, central), Indian Ocean (eastern, Mediterranean and Black Sea, southeast, southwest, western western), Mediterranean and Black Pacific (eastem central, southeast)]

69 Threatened Species

Pristis pristis Yugoslavia (ex) Huso huso Common Sawfish [R. Po] Beluga EN "* Albcd+2cd [L. Skadar] EN '™ A2d [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Iran, Acipenser nudiventris Mediterranean and Black Italy (ex), Kazakhstan, Moldova, southeast), Ship Sturgeon Romania, Russia, Turkmenistan, Sea] "» Alacde+2d EN Ukraine, Yugoslavia Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Iran, Order MYLIOBATIFORMES Kazakhstan (ex), Moldova, Romania, Pseudoscaphirhynchusfedtschenkoi Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (ex) Syr-Dar Shovelnose Sturgeon '™ Family DASYATIDAE [R. Danube] CR Alae,Dl Kazakhstan Himantura chaophraya Acipenser persicus Stingray [R. Syr Darya] Giant Freshwater Persian Sturgeon " EN Albcde+2cde EN '™ A2d Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Small Amu-Dar Shovelnose Sturgeon Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, '™ Guinea, Thailand Turkey CR Alae,Dl [R. Fly, R. Mahakam] Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Acipenser ruthenus [R. Amu Darya] Sterlet Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni Class ACTINOPTERYGII VU '™ Ale Large Amu-Dar Shovelnose Sturgeon Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, EN '™ Alacd Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Order ACIPENSERIFORMES Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Kazakhstan (ex?), Latvia, Lithuania, [R. Amu Darya] Family ACIPENSERroAE Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Scaphirhynchus albus Acipenser baerii Pallid Sturgeon Acipenser schrencki Siberian Sturgeon ™ Amur Sturgeon EN DI VU "° A2d EN "" A2d USA Russia [R. Missouri-Mississippi] China, Russia Acipenser brevirostrum [R. Amur] Scaphirhynchus platorynchus Shortnose Sturgeon Shovelnose Sturgeon ™ Acipenser sinensis VU Alc,Bl+2cd VU '™ Alacd+2d Canada, USA Chinese Sturgeon USA EN '™ A2cd Acipenser dabryanus [R. Missouri-Mississippi] China Yangtze Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus suttkusi '™ [R. Pearl, R. Yangtze] CR Alacd+2cd Alabama Sturgeon China Acipenser stellatus CR '" Alc-H2cd, D1,E [R. Yangtze] Stellate Sturgeon USA '™ Acipenserfulvescens EN A2d [Mobile Bay] Lake Sturgeon Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, VU '™ Alad+2d Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Family POLYODONTIDAE Moldova, Romania, Russia, Canada, USA Polyodon spathula Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Acipenser guldenstaedti Paddlefish Russian Sturgeon Acipenser sturio VU '™ C2b EN "" A2d Common Sturgeon USA '™ Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Iran, CR A2d,Dl [R. Mississippi] Albania, Algeria (ex?), Belgium Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Psephurus gladius (ex?), Estonia (ex?), Finland (ex?), Russia, Turkey?, Turkmenistan, Chinese Paddlefish France, Georgia, Germany (ex?), Ukraine, Yugoslavia CR '» A2cd Greece (ex?), Hungary (ex?), Ireland Acipenser medirostris China (ex?), Italy (ex?), Morocco (ex?), Green Sturgeon Netherlands, Norway (ex?), Poland [R. Yangtze] '™ lac VU A (ex?), Portugal (ex?), Romania (ex?), Canada, USA Russia (ex?), Spain, Sweden (ex?), Order OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES Acipenser mikadoi Switzerland (ex?), Turkey, Ukraine Sakhalin Sturgeon (ex?). United Kingdom, Yugoslavia Family OSTEOGLOSSroAE EN '™ CI (ex?) Scleropages formosus Japan, Russia Huso dauricus Asian Bonytongue Acipenser naccarii Kaluga EN "" Alcd+2cd '™ Adriatic Sturgeon EN Alacde+2d Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, VU '™ A lac China, Russia Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Albania (ex), Croatia, Italy, [R. Amur] Thailand, Viet Nam

70 Fishes: bony fishes

Order CLUPEIFORMES Barbus andrewi Barbus steindachneri Cape Whitefish VU '»' A2ce Family CLUPEffiAE VU "« Alcde Portugal Alosa alabamae South Africa [R. Guadiana] Alabama Shad Barbus brevipinnis Barbus trevelyani " EN Bl+2e Shortfin Barb Border Barb USA VU "» Ale CR "» Ale Alosa macedonia Mozambique, South Africa South Africa Liparia Barbus calidus Caecobarbus geertsi "" D2 VU Clanwilliam Redfm African Blind Barb Fish Greece '«' EN "» Bl+2ac VU Ale, Bl+2e, D2 [L. Volvi] South Africa Zaire Jenkinsia parvula Barbus capensis Caecocypris basimi Venezuelan Herring "« Clanwilliam Yellowfish VU D2 VU ' D2 "" Alee Iraq Venezuela VU South Africa Cephalakompsus pachycheilus [Atlantic (western central)] CR '»' Alee thibaudeaui Barbus comizo Tenualosa Philippines EN ™ Ala Iberian Barbel '«= [L. Lanao] Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam VU A2ce Portugal, Spain Chela caeruleostigmata CR '»' Ale Order Barbus erubescens CYPRINIFORMES Cambodia, Thailand Twee River Redfm Family CYPRINmAE CR "» B2ae+3a,E Chondrostoma holmwoodii VU '"' A2e Acheilognathus elongatus South Africa Turkey EN '"' Bl+2c Barbus euboicus China Petropsaro Chondrostoma lusitanicum Boga-Portuguesa [L. Dianchi] CR '" A2c, B2c+3a VU '" A2ce Acheilognathus longipinnis Greece Portugal Itasenpara Bitterling [Manikiotiko Stream] "" Chondrostoma scodrensis VU Alace, BI+2c Barbus guiraonis "" Ala, BI+2e Japan Barbo Mediterraneo CR Albania, Yugoslavia Alburnus akili VU '" A2ce [L. Skadar] Gokce Baligi Spain VU '" A2de Cyprinella alvarezdelvillari Barbus haasi Turkey CR " Alace, Bl+2c,C2b Barbo de Cola Roja Mexico Alburnus albidus VU "" A2ce Italian Bleak Spain Cyprinella bocagrande VU '" Alace Sardinita Bocagrande Barbus kimberleyensis Croatia, Italy, Turkey? CR "' A2e, C2b Largemouth Yellowfish Mexico Anabarilius polylepis VU "» Ale ">' Cyprinella EN Bl+2c South Africa caerulea China Blue Shiner microcephalus [L. Dianchi] Barbus VU " Bl+2ac VU '" A2ce Anaecypris hispanica USA Portugal, Spain EN "" Alace, Bl+2c Cyprinella formosa Portugal, Spain Barbus motebensis Beautiful Shiner Marico Barb " Aulopyge hugeli VU B2c+3c "" Dalmatian Barbel-gudgeon VU Ale Mexico, USA South Africa VU '" Alacde+2ce Cyprinella panarcys Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Croatia Barbus prespensis Conchos Shiner Balantiocheilos melanopterus Briana EN'' Alace, E '" Silver Shark VU A2c Mexico

'"' Macedonia? EN A lac Albania, Greece, Cyprinella proserpina Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand Barbus serra Proserpine Shiner Barbopsis devecchi Sawfm VU "' Bl+2c, D2 VU "» D2 EN "« Bl+2abde,Cl Mexico, USA Somalia South Africa [Rio San Carlos]

71 Threatened Species

Cyprinella santamariae Gila cypha Labeo seeberi Sardinita de Santa Maria Humpback Chub Clanwilliam Sandfish ' I " " "« lace VU A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, C2b, D2 VU 02 CR A Mexico USA South Africa [R. Colorado] Cyprinella xanthicara Ladigesocypris ghigii Cuatro Cienegas Shiner Gila ditaenia Ghizani EN « A2ce Charalito Sonorense VU '" A2ce Mexico VU "' A2ce, 02 Greece, Turkey Mexico, USA Cyprinus micristius Lepidomeda albivallis EN '« Bl+2c Gila elegans White River Spinedace China Bonytail Chub CR " Albce [L. Dianchi] EN " Bl+2ac USA Mexico, USA [R. White] Danio pathirana Barred Danio Gila modesta Lepidomeda vittata CR '" B1+2C Charalito Saltillo Little Colorado Spinedace Sri Lanka CR " Alace+2ce, Bl+2ab VU " 02 Mexico USA Dionda diaboli [R. Little Colorado] Devil's River Minnow Gila nigrescens VU " Alae+2e Charalito Chihuahua Leuciscus illyricus Mexico, USA CR " Alace+2ce, Bl+2abc VU '" Alce+2ce Dionda dichroma Mexico, USA Croatia [R. Cetina] Sardinita de Rio Verde Gila purpurea VU " Alac+2c, D2 Yaqui Chub Leuciscus keadicus Mexico VU " A2ce, Bl+2abd, 02 VU '»' 02 Dionda mandibutaris Mexico, USA Greece Evrotas] Sardinita Quijarrona Gobio hettitorum [R. CR "' A2ce, Bl+2abc, C2a Dere Kayasi Leuciscus microlepis Mexico VU '" 02 VU '" Alace, 02 Eremichthys acros Turkey Croatia Stream] Desert Dace [Gokdere Leuciscus polylepis VU " D2 Hampala lopezi EN '" B2c+3a USA CR '»' Ala,Bl+2a Croatia Erimystax cahni Philippines [R. Cikola] Slender Chub Hybognathus amarus Leuciscus svallize VU " Bl+2ac Rio Grande Minnow VU '" A2ce,02 USA EN " Bl+2acd Croatia Garra barreimiae USA Leuciscus ukliva [Rio Grande] VU '" D2 CR "^ Alace, Bl+2abce Oman, United Arab Emirates Iberocypris palaciosi Croatia Garra dunsirei EN '"' Bl+2c [R. Cetina] "" Spain VU D2 Lythrurus snelsoni Oman [R. Guadalquivir] Ouachita Mountain Shiner Garra longipinnis lotichthys phlegethontis VU " 02 VU '«' 02 Least Chub USA " Bl+2ac Oman VU Macrhybopsis gelida USA Gibbibarbus cyphotergous Sturgeon Chub [R. Bonneville] VU "" 02 VU " Alc+2c China Iranocypris typhlops USA VU '" 02 Gila alvordensis Mandibularca resinus Iran Alvord Chub Bagangan VU " 02 Labeo fisheri CR "« Alee USA Green Labeo Philippines EN " Bl+2c,C2a [L. Lanao] Gila boraxobius Sri Lanka Borax Lake Chub Medafulgida VU " D2 Labeo lankae Spikedace USA CR '" Alc+2c, CI VU " D2 [R. Alvord] Sri Lanka USA

72 Fishes: bony fishes

Moapa coriacea Ospatulus truncatus Probarbus jullieni Moapa Dace Bitungu Ikan Temoleh CR " Bl+2c CR "" Alee EN '»' A lac USA Philippines Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, [R. Muddy] [L. Lanao] Viet Nam

Neolissochilus theinemanni Paraphoxinus alepidotus Pseudobarbus asper '" VU D2 VU '" A2ce Smallscale Redfin Indonesia Croatia VU "» Alee [L. Toba] Paraphoxinus croaticus South Africa Notropis aguirrepequenoi "" A2ce VU Pseudobarbus burchelli Sardinita del Pilon Croatia Burchell's Redfin VU « A 1 ace+2ce, B 1 +2ab, D2 Paraphoxinus ghetaldi EN "» Alce+2ce, CI Mexico VU '" A2ce South Africa Notropis buccula Croatia Shiner Pseudobarbus burgi Smalleye [R. Buna] VU « D2 Berg River Redfm USA Paraphoxinus metohiensis CR "» Alce,Bl+2abce+3acd VU '" A2ce [R. Brazos] South Africa Croatia Notropis cahabae Pseudobarbus phlegethon Phenacobius teretulus Cahaba Shiner Fiery Redfin Kanawha Minnow CR " Bl+2cd EN "« Bl+2ac VU " D2 USA South Africa USA [R. Cahaba] [R. New] Pseudobarbus quathlambae Notropis imeldae Maluti Minnow Phoxinellus anatolicus Sardinita de Rio Verde "« Bl+2abcd Yag Baligi CR VU « C2b, D2 "» Lesotho Mexico EN A2e Turkey Pseudobarbus tenuis Notropis mekistocholas [L. Akgol, L. Beysehir] Slender Redfin Cape Fear Shiner EN "" Alce+2ce,Cl CR " Bl+2cd Phoxinellus egridiri USA Yag Baligi South Africa CR "^ Ale Notropis melanostomus Pseudophoxinus beoticus Turkey Blackmouth Shiner Paskoviza Egirdir] VU " D2 [L. EN '»' A2ce USA Phoxinellus handlirschi Greece Ci9ek Notropis moralesi Ptychocheilus lucius CR '" Ale Sardinita de Tepelmene Colorado Squawfish Turkey CR " C2b VU " 02 Egirdir] Mexico [L. USA Phoxinus cumberlandensis Notropis simus [R. Colorado] Mountain Blackside Dace Bluntnose Shiner VU " D2 Puntius amarus EN " Ale USA Pait Mexico, USA CR '" Alee Phreatichthys andruzzi [Rio Grande] Philippines VU '" D2 Onychostoma alticorps [L. Lanao] Somalia ">' Alacde EN Puntius bandula Taiwan Plagopterus argentissimus '" Bl+2c,Cl Woundfin CR Opsaridium peringueyi Sri Lanka '' Dwarf Sanjika VU D2 VU "" Bl+2abc,D2 USA Puntius baoulan Virgin] Baolan South Africa [R. CR "» Alee Oregonichthys crameri Pogonichthys macrolepidotus Philippines Oregon Chub Sacramento Splittail " Ale [L. Lanao] VU ^' D2 EN USA USA Puntius clemensi Bagangan Ospatulus palaemophagus Poropuntius tawarensis '" '»' EN '" Alee VU D2 CR Alee Philippines Philippines Indonesia [L. Lanao] \L. Tawar] [L. Lanao]

73 Threatened Species

Fundus disa Puntius tumba Spratellicypris palata Disa Tumba Palata CR '«' Alee VU '" A2cde CR '«= Alee Philippines Philippines Philippines [L. Lanao] [L. Lanao] [L. Lanao] Rasbora baliensis Tanakia tanago Puntius flavifuscus '»' Katapa-tapa VU D2 Tokyo Bitterling ">' CR '" Alee Indonesia VU Alac, Bl+2c [L. Bratan] Japan Philippines [L Lanao] Rasbora tawarensis Tor yunnanensis VU '»' D2 EN '" Alac, Bl+2e Puntius hemictenus Indonesia China VU '»' D2 \L. Tawar] [L. Fuxian] Philippines Rasbora wilpita Typhlobarbus nudiventris herrei '" Puntius EN B1+2C VU '"' D2 '»' CR Alee Sri Lanka China Philippines Relictus solitarius Typhlogarra widdowsoni Relict Dace Puntius katalo VU '" D2 EN " Bl+2c Katolo Iraq CR »' Alee USA Vimba melanops Rhinichthys cobitis Philippines Malamida [L. Lanao] Loach Minnow VU '» Alee VU " D2 Puntius lanaoensis USA Greece, Macedonia? Kandar Rutilus lemmingii Family COBITIDAE CR '«' Alee VU "» A2ce Philippines Botia sidthimunki Portugal?, Spain [L. Lanao] CR "" Ale Rutilus macrolepidotus Laos, Thailand? Puntius lindog Ruivaco Lindog VU '" A2ce Cobitis calderoni "" '" Alace+2ce VU A2ede Portugal VU Philippines Portugal, Spain Rutilus meidingeri [L. Lanao] EN "" Bl+2c Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi Spotted Loach Puntius manalak Austria, Germany, Slovakia '" Manalak [R. Danube] EN Bl+2c,Cl '« Sri Lanka CR Alee Scardinius graecus Philippines Greek Rudd Protocobitis typhlops [L. Lanao] VU '" D2 VU '»' D2 China Puntius manguaoensis Greece "" VU D2 Schizothorax lepidothorax Fainily BALITORIDAE Philippines EN '«' Alac, Bl+2e China Hemimyzon taitungensis Puntius martenstyni »' [L. Fuxian] VU D2 EN '" Bl+2c Taiwan Sinocyclocheilus anatirostris Sri Lanka VU '<" 02 Homaloptera thamicola Puntius strong China VU '"' D2 Sirang Thailand Sinocyclocheilus angularis VU '»' A2cde VU '°' D2 Nemacheilus smithi Philippines China VU '»' D2 [L. Lanao] Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus Iran Puntius speleops VU '"' D2 [Baq-e-Loveh pool] VU "" D2 China Nemacheilus troglocataractus Thailand Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus VU '»' D2 '»' Thailand Puntius tras VU D2 Tras China Nemacheilus tschaiyssuensis CR "« Alee Sinocyclocheilus microphthalmus VU « D2 Philippines VU '»' D2 Turkey \L. Lanao] China [Qaysuyu stream]

74 Fishes: bony fishes ^ff

Oreonectes anophthalmus Catostomus microps Family ICTALURTOAE VU "" D2 Modoc Sucker China EN " Bl+2c,Cl Ictalurus mexicanus Bagre de Rio Schistura jarutanini USA Verde VU « Alac+2c VU «" D2 Catostomus santaanae Mexico Thailand Santa Ana Sucker Schistura oedipus VU " Bl+2c, D2 Ictalurus pricei VU "" D2 USA Bagre de Yaqui VU " Alac+2c, Bl+2abc Thailand Catostomus warnerensis Mexico Schistura sijuensis Warner Sucker VU '»' D2 VU " D2 Noturus baileyi India USA Smoky Madtom [L. Warner basin] " Sinogastromyzon puliensis CR Bl+2c USA VU '<" D2 Catostomus wigginsi [R. Little Tenessee] Taiwan Matalote Opata « Sphaerophysa dianchiensis VU Bl+2abc, D2 Noturus flavipinnis Mexico VU '»' D2 Yellowfin Madtom VU " D2 China Chasmistes brevirostris USA Sundoreonectes tiomanensis Shortnose Sucker VU '"' D2 EN '' Bl+2c Noturus gilberti Malaysia USA Orangefin Madtom VU " D2 Triplophysa gejiuensis Chasmistes cujus USA VU '"' D2 Cui-ui China CR " Bl+2b Noturus lachneri USA Triplophysa xiangxensis Ouachita Madtom VU "" D2 [L. Pyramid] VU " Bl+2cd USA China Deltistes luxatus Yunnanilus macrogaster Lost River Sucker Noturus stanauli " VU "" D2 EN Bl+2cd Pygmy Madtom China USA VU '' D2 USA Yunnanilus niger Moxostoma hubbsi VU '"' D2 Copper Redhorse Noturus taylori China VU " D2 Caddo Madtom Canada " Yunnanilus nigromaculatus VU D2 EN "" Bl+2abc Xyrauchen texanus USA China Razorback Sucker Noturus trautmani " [L. Dianchi] EN Albc Scioto Madtom USA CR '« B1+2C USA Family CATOSTOMmAE [R. Scioto (Big Darby Creek)] Catostomus bemardini Order CHARACIFORMES Prietella lundbergi Yaqui Sucker Family VU '" D2 VU ' Alae+2e CHARACffiAE Mexico Mexico, USA Gymnocharacinus bergi Catostomus cahita Naked Characin Prietella phreatophila Bagre de Muzquiz Matalote Cahita EN '»' A2ce,Bl+2c "' Alace+2ce,Bl+2bc VU Ala,Bl+2ac Argentina EN" Mexico Mexico Catostomus conchas Satan eurystomus Matalote Conches Order SELURITGRMES Widemouth Blindcat VU " Alab, Bl+2ac VU " D2 Mexico Family DIPLOMYSTIDAE USA

Catostomus leopoldi Diplomystes chilensis Trogloglanis pattersoni Matalote del Bavispe ToUo de Agua Dulce Toothless Blindcat VU " Ale, Bl+2ac EN '" Bl+2c VU " D2 Mexico Chile USA

75 Threatened Species

Family BAGRIDAE Encheloclarias tapeinopterus Family OSMERIDAE VU "" D2 Austroglanis barnardi Hypomesus transpacificus Indonesia Barnard's Rock-catfish Delta Smelt CR "» Bl+2bcd Horaglanis krishnai EN " Bl+2cd South Africa VU '*' D2 USA India Austroglanis gilli Clanwilliam Rock-catfish Uegitglanis zammaranoi Family SALANGIDAE "» '" VU Alee, B1-H2C VU B1-I-2C Neosalanx regani South Africa Somalia Ariakehimeshirauo Coreobagrus ichikawai Family HETEROPNEUSXroAE VU "" Alace, D2 Nekogigi Japan Heteropneustes microps VU '" Alac, D2 "" Japan VU D2 Family RETROPINNmAE Sri Lanka Pseudobargus medianalis Prototroctes maraena EN "" Bl-(-2c Family ARIIDAE Australian Grayling China '" Alius bonillai VU Ale [L. Dianchi] New Grenada Sea Catfish Australia

' Bl+2cd Family SILURIDAE EN Family GALAXIIDAE Colombia Silurus mento JAtlantic (western central), Pacific Galaxias argenteus EN '»' B1+2C (eastern central)] Giant Kokopu China VU '" C2a [L. Dianchi] Family PLOTOSIDAE New Zealand Family PANGASIIDAE Oloplotosus torobo Galaxias fontanus Kutubu Tandan Pangasianodon gigas Swan Galaxias VU ' A2cd Giant Catfish CR '" Bl-H2bc Papua New Guinea EN '"' C2b Australia [L. Kutubu] Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar Galaxias fuscus [R. Mekong] Family MOCHOKIDAE Barred Galaxias Family A]VIBLYCIPITIDAE Chiloglanis bifurcus CR '" AIc+2c, Bl-H2b Incomati Suckermouth Australia Liobagrus nigricauda CR '" Alae [R. Goulbum] EN '»' Bl-h2c South Africa China Galaxias gracilis [L. Dianchi] Family PIMELODmAE Dwarf Inanga VU '" Alee, Bl+2cd, D2 Family SISORIDAE Rhamdia reddelli New Zealand Juil Ciego Oreoglanis siamensis VU "' C2b, D2 Galaxias johnstoni VU '"' D2 Mexico Clarence Galaxias Thailand CR "' Ale, Bl-H2a Rhamdia zongolicensis Family Australia CLARimAE VU '»' D2 Clarias cavernicola Mexico Galaxias pedderensis Cave Catfish Redder Galaxias Family TRICHOMYCTERmAE ""> CR "" Bl+2c,E CR AlacH-2c, Bl-i-2abcde Namibia Trichomycterus chungarensis Australia "» [L. Pedder drainage] Clarias tnaclareni VU D2 CR '" Bl+2c Chile Galaxias postvectis Cameroon Shortjawed Kokopu [L. Barombi Mbo] Order SALMONIFORMES VU '" Bl+2bcd New Zealand Encheloclarias curtisoma Family UMBRTOAE CR "" Bl-H2bce Galaxias rekohua krameri Malaysia Umbra Chathams Galaxias European Mud-minnow Encheloclarias kelioides VU '" D2 VU "" A lace CR '»' Bl-H2bcde New Zealand (Chatham Is) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Indonesia, Malaysia Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic?, Galaxias rostratus Encheloclarias prolatus Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Flat-Headed Galaxias VU '»' D2 Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine?, VU '" Ale Malaysia Yugoslavia Australia

76 Fishes: bony fishes ^gf

Galaxias tanycephalus Oncorhynchus apache Amblyopsis spelaea Saddled Galaxias Apache Trout Northern Cavefish VU '" D2 CR " Alcd VU " D2 Australia USA USA

Galaxiella pusilla Oncorhynchus chrysogaster Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni Dwarf Galaxias Mexican Golden Trout Alabama Cavefish VU '" Bl+2bcd VU " A2ce CR " C2b Australia Mexico USA Typhlichthys subterraneus Neochanna burrowsius Oncorhynchus formosanus '"' "" Canterbury Mudfish CR Bl+2d VU D2 USA VU '" Bl+2bcd Taiwan New Zealand Oncorhynchus gilae Gila Trout Paragalaxias mesotes Order GADIFORMES EN " B2ad+3c Arthurs Paragalaxias USA Family MORIDAE VU '" D2 Australia Oncorhynchus ishikawai Physiculus helenaensis Satsukimasu Salmon Skulpin EN '"' Alac, B2abcde+3abd CR '" Dl St Helena Family SALMONIDAE Japan [R. Nagara] [Atlantic (southeast)] Acantholingua ohridana Salmo carpio Family GADTOAE '"' VU Bl+2bc Carpione del Garda Gadus morhua (C) Albania, Macedonia VU '" Alacde [L. Ohrid] Atlantic Cod Italy VU "^ Albd Coregonus hoyi [L. Garda] [Atlantic (northeast, northwest)] Bloater Salmo letnica Melanogrammus aeglefinus (C) VU " D2 VU "« Alad+2d Haddock Canada, USA Albania, Macedonia VU '« Ald+2d [Great Lakes] [L. Ohrid] [Atlantic (northeast, northwest)] Coregonus huntsmani Salmo platycephalus Acadian Whitefish Ala Balik VU " D2 CR '»' Bl+2abc Order OPHIDIIFORMES Canada, USA Turkey Family BYTHITIDAE [Great Lakes] Salmothymus obtusirostris Lucifuga simile EN '" A lace Coregonus kiyi VU " D2 Croatia, Yugoslavia Kiyi Cuba " VU D2 Salvelinus confluentus Lucifuga spelaeotes Canada, USA Bull Trout New Providence Cusk-eel [Great Lakes] VU " A2e VU '«' Alee, Bl+2bc, D2 Canada, USA Coregonus reighardi Bahamas Shortnose Cisco Salvelinus japonicus Lucifuga subterranea CR " Alae Kirikuchi Char VU '" D2 Canada "" Bl+2ac EN Alacde, Cuba [L. Huron (Georgian Bay)] Japan Lucifuga teresinarum [R. Totsukawa] Coregonus zenithicus VU "= D2 Shortjaw Cisco Salvethymus svetovidovi Cuba VU " Albc VU "" D2 Saccogaster melanomycter Canada, USA Russia VU ' D2 [Great Lakes] [L. El'gygytgyn] Colombia Hucho hucho [Atlantic (western central)] Huchen Order PERCOPSIFORMES Stygicola dentata EN "" A2bcde, Bl+2bce VU "« D2 Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Family AMBLYOPSmAE Cuba Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Typhliasina pearsei Hungary, Poland, Romania, Amblyopsis rosae Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Ozark Cavefish Dama Ciega Blanca " Yugoslavia VU ^' Dl+2 VU D2 [R. Danube] USA Mexico

77 Threatened Species

Order BATRACHOIDIFORMES Chirostoma bartoni [L. Kutubu] Charal de la Caldera Melanotaenia oktediensis Family BATRACHOIDIDAE " A2c, C2b, VU D2 Oktedi Rainbowfish Mexico Batrachoides manglae VU ' A2ce Cotuero Toadfish Craterocephalus amniculus Papua New Guinea

VU ' D2 Darling River Hardyhead [R. Ok Tedi] Colombia, Venezuela VU '" Ale Melanotaenia parva Australia [Atlantic (western central). Pacific Lake Kurumoi Rainbowfish (eastern central)] Craterocephalus dalhousiensis VU ' A2ce Sanopus astrifer Dalhousie Hardyhead Indonesia '" Whitespotted Toadfish VU D2 [L. Kurumoi] VU "" D2 Australia Menidia extensa Belize Craterocephalus fluviatillis Waccamaw Silverside [Atlantic (western central)] Murray Hardyhead VU " D2 Sanopus greenfieldorum EN "' Alc,Bl+2ab USA Australia Whitelined Toadfish [L. Waccamaw] VU "" D2 [Kerang Lakes area] Paratherina cyanea Belize Craterocephalus gloveri VU '"' D2 [Atlantic (western central)] Glovers Hardyhead Indonesia VU '" D2 Sanopus reticulatus [Malili Lakes] Reticulated Toadfish Australia Paratherina labiosa VU "" D2 Craterocephalus lacustris "" Belize Kutubu Hardyhead VU D2 Indonesia [Atlantic (western central)] VU ' A2cd Papua Guinea [Malili Lakes] Sanopus splendidus New Kutubu] Splendid Toadfish [L. Paratherina lineala "» VU '" D2 Glossolepis incisus VU D2 Belize, Mexico Red Rainbowfish Indonesia [Atlantic (western central)] VU ' A2ce [L. Towuti]

Indonesia Paratherina striata [L. Sentani] VU '»' D2 Glossolepis wanamensis Indonesia Order LOPHIIFORMES Lake Wanam Rainbowfish Paratherina wolterecki CR ' Alae Family BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE VU '»' D2 Papua New Guinea Brachionichthys Indonesia hirsutus [L. Wanam] Spotted Handfish [Malili Lakes] Kiunga ballochi CR " Alcde Poblana alchichica Glass Blue-eye Australia Charal de Alchichica CR ' Alac, Bl+2abcde [Indian Ocean (eastern)] CR *' AIac+2c, Bl+2c,C2b Papua New Guinea Mexico Melanotaenia arfakensis Order ATHERINIFORMES Arfak Rainbowfish Poblana letholepis Charal de la Preciosa VU ' A2ce "' Family ATHERINIDAE 1 ac+2c, 1 +2c, Indonesia EN A B C2b Mexico Caimsichthys rhombosomoides [R. Prafi valley] Cairns Rainbowfish Melanotaenia boesemani Poblana squamata VU '" Alee, D2 Boeseman's Rainbowfish Charal de Quechulac " Australia EN ' Alad EN A 1 ac+2c, B 1 +2c, C2b Mexico Chilatherina bleheri Indonesia Bleher's Rainbowfish [Ayamaru Lakes] Pseudomugil mellis VU = A2e Melanotaenia eachamensis Honey Blue-eye Indonesia Lake Eacham Rainbowfish EN ''"> AIacde+2cde [Danau Biru (L. Holmes)] VU '" Alace+2ce, Bl+2b,Cl,D2 Australia Chilatherina sentaniensis Australia Rheocles wrightae Sentani Rainbowfish Melanotaenia lacustris Zona CR ' Alace Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish CR "» Ale Indonesia VU ' Alac Madagascar [L. Sentani] Papua New Guinea [R. Manambola]

78 Fishes: bony fishes

Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Crenichthys baileyi Red-finned Blue-eye White River Springfish CR '™ Alce,B2abcde+3d Family APLOCHEILroAE VU « D2 Australia USA Campellolebias brucei [R. Thomson] [R. White] Santa Catarina Sabrefin Telmatherina abendanoni VU "' Bl+3bd Crenichthys nevadae Valley Springfish VU '»' D2 Brazil Railroad " Indonesia VU D2 Cynolebias boitonei [Malili Lakes] USA Brasilia Lyrefin Cualac tessellatus Telmatherina antoniae VU '" Bl+3bd Cachorrito de Media Luna VU '" D2 Brazil EN" A2e, Bl+2ab Indonesia Cynolebias constanciae Mexico [L. Matano] VU '«' Bl+2ac+3bd Cyprinodon beltrani Brazil Telmatherina celebensis Cachorrito Lodero '"' VU D2 Cynolebias marmoratus EN " A 1 abc+2bc, B 1 +2c, C2b Indonesia Ginger Pearlfish Mexico VU '" Bl+2ac+3bd Telmatherina ladigesi Cyprinodon bovinus Brazil Celebes Rainbow Leon Springs Pupfish VU "" D2 Cynolebias minimus CR " A2c Indonesia Minute Pearlfish USA VU '" Bl+2ac+3bd Telmatherina obscura Cyprinodon diabolis Brazil VU "» D2 Devils Hole Pupfish " Indonesia Cynolebias opalescens VU Dl+2 Pearlfish USA [L. Matano] Opalescent '" VU Bl+2ac+3bd Cyprinodon elegans Telmatherina opudi Brazil Comanche Springs Pupfish '" VU D2 " Cynolebias splendens EN A2ce, Bl+2ac Indonesia Splendid Pearlfish USA [L. Matano] VU '»' Bl+2ac+3bd Cyprinodon fontinalis Telmatherina prognatha Brazil Perrito de Carbonera '" VU D2 " 1 ae-i-2e, B 1 +2ab, C2a Nothobranchius sp. EN A Indonesia Mexico Caprivi Killifish [L. Matano] EN "" B1+2C Cyprinodon labiosus Telmatherina sarasinorum Namibia Cachorrito Cangrejero

'"' EN " A I abc+2bc, B 1 +2c, C2b VU D2 Pachypanchax sakaramyi Mexico Indonesia VU "« Bl+2a, D2 [L. Matano] Madagascar Cyprinodon macrolepis Largescale Pupfish Telmatherina wahjui Family CYPRE>JODONTIDAE EN " A 1 abc+2bce, B 1 +2c, C2b VU "' D2 Mexico Indonesia Aphanius anatoliae \L. Matano] Dislisazancik Baligi Cyprinodon maya Cachorrito '"' Bl+2abcd Gigante Tominanga aurea EN A2ce, EN "' Alabc+2bc, Bl-l-2c, C2b '" Turkey VU D2 Mexico Indonesia Aphanius burduricus '" Cyprinodon meeki [I,. Matano] EN A2e Cachorrito de Mezquital Turkey Tominanga sanguicauda CR " Alae+2e VU '" D2 Aphanius splendens Mexico CR "" Alac,Bl+2abce Indonesia Cyprinodon pachycephalus Turkey |T^. Towuti] Cachorrito Cabezon Aphanius sureyanus CR " Alabc+2bc, Bl+2c, C2b CR '"' Bl+2bc Mexico Family PHALLOSTETHIDAE Turkey Cyprinodon pecosensis Phallostethus dunckeri Aphanius transgrediens Pecos Pupfish VU "" D2 CR "" Bl+2bcd CR " A2ce Malaysia Turkey USA

79 Threatened Species

Cyprinodon radiosus Characodon audax Gambusia longispinis Owens Pupfish Bold Characodon Guayacon de Cuatro Cienegas EN " A2ce VU « Alac+2c, Bl+2c, C2a, D2 VU "' A2c, D2 USA Mexico Mexico Gambusia nobilis Cyprinodon simus Characodon lateralis Pecos Gambusia Cachorrito Boxeador Rainbow Goodeid " VU " D2 EN Al abc+2bc, B 1 +2c, C2b EN* Alabe+2be, Bl+2ab Mexico Mexico USA [R. Pecos) Cyprinodon tularosa Girardinichthys multiradiatus Poecilia latipunctata White Sands Pupfish VU " A2ce, D2 Molly del Tamesi VU " D2 Mexico " CR A 1 ace+2ce, B 1 +2ab, CI USA Girardinichthys viviparus Mexico verecundus Cyprinodon Mexclapique Poecilia sulphuraria Cachorrito de Dorsal Larga " CR Alce+2ce, Bl+2abc Molly del Teapa " 1 abc+2bc, B 1 +2c, C2b CR A Mexico OR*' Alac+2ce, Bl+2ac,C2b Mexico Goodea gracilis Mexico Cyprinodon veronicae VU " Alace+2ce, Bl+2c,Cl Xiphophorus couchianus Cachorrito de Charco Azul Mexico Platy Monterrey

" 1 ac, B 1 +2abce, C 1 +2b "' CR A CR A 1 ce+2ce, B 1 +2abc, C2a Hubbsina turneri Mexico Mexico CR "' Alac+2c, Bl+2e, C2b Fiindulus julisia Mexico Xiphophorus gordoni Barrens Topminnow Platy Cuatro Cienegas whitei VU " D2 Ilydon EN "' Ala, Bl+2abce, CI " USA CR Alac, Bl+2abc Mexico Mexico Fundulus waccamensis Xiphophorus meyeri Waccamaw Killifish Xenoophorus captivus Platy de Muzquiz VU ^' D2 Solo Goodeido EN"' Alace+2ce, Bl+2c,C2b USA EN « Alce+2ce, Bl+2c,Cl+2a Mexico [L. Phelps, L. Waccamaw] Mexico Order BELONIFORMES Lucania interioris Family POECILIIDAE Cuatro Cienegas Sardinilla Family ADRIANICHTHYmAE *' CR A 1 ac+2c, B 1 +2abc, C2a Gambusia alvarezi Mexico Guayacon de San Gregorio Adrianichthys kruyti " Alce+2ce, Bl+2c,C2b, D2 Duck-billed Buntingi chungarensis VU Orestias CR "" Alae '"' Mexico VU D2 Indonesia Chile Gambusia eurystoma [L. Poso] [L. Chungara] Guayacon Bocon Oryzias celebensis CR " Alac+2ce, BH-2ac, C2b Pantanodon madagascariensis VU "" D2 '«» Mexico EN Bl+2a Indonesia Madagascar Gambusia gaigei [L. Sindenreng] Big Bend Gambusia Valencia hispanica Oryzias marmoratus '' Valencia Toothcarp VU Dl+2 VU "" D2 EN '"' Bl+2ce USA Indonesia Spain Gambusia heterochir Oryzias matanensis Valencia letourneuxi Clear Creek Gambusia VU '"' D2 EN "" A2bcd VU " Dl+2 Indonesia Albania?, Greece USA [Malili Lakes] [Wilkinson Springs, upper Clear Oryzias nigrimas Family GOODEffiAE Creek] Black Buntingi Allotoca maculata Gambusia hurtadoi VU '"' A2e, D2 Opal Goodeid Guayacon de Hacienda Dolores Indonesia " *' CR Bl+3abc VU A 1 ace+2ce, B 1 +2ac, C2b, [L. Poso] Mexico D1,E Oryzias orthognathus Mexico Ataeniobius toweri Buntingi Striped Goodeid Gambusia krumhohi EN '»' A2e EN « A2ce, Bl+2abc VU « Alce+2ce,D2 Indonesia Mexico Mexico [L. Poso]

80 Fishes: bony fishes

Oryzias profundicola Hippocampus angustus Hippocampus japonicus VU '»' D2 VU ™ A2cd VU "« A2cd Indonesia Australia [Indian Ocean (eastern, western), [Malili Lakes] [Indian Ocean (eastern)] Pacific (northwest, western central)] Xenopoecilus oophorus Hippocampus borbonensis Hippocampus jayakari Egg-carrying Buntingi VU "" A2cd VU '™ A2cd EN '»' A2e [Indian Ocean (eastern, western), [Indian Ocean (eastern, Indonesia western). Pacific (northwest, western central)] Pacific (northwest, western central)] [L. Poso] Xenopoecilus poptae Hippocampus brachyrhynchus Hippocampus kuda "» Popta's Buntingi VU A2cd VU ™ A2cd [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). CR '»' Alae [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Pacific (northwest, western central)] Indonesia Pacific (northwest, western central)] [L. Poso] Hippocampus camelopardalis Hippocampus longirostris "« Xenopoecilus sarasinorum VU A2cd VU "« A2cd EN "" Ale [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Indonesia Pacific (northwest, western central)] Pacific (northwest, western central)] Family HEMIRAMPHTOAE Hippocampus capensis Hippocampus novaehebudorum Knysna Seahorse Dermogenys weberi ™ "» VU A2cd '"' VU BI+2c VU D2 [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). South Africa Indonesia Pacific (northwest, western central)] [Atlantic (southeast)] [Malili Lakes] Hippocampus planifrons Nomorhamphus towoeti Hippocampus coronatus VU ™ A2cd VU '«' D2 VU ™ A2cd [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Indonesia [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Pacific (northwest, western central)] [L. Towuti] Pacific (northwest, western central)] Hippocampus raji Tondanichthys kottelati Hippocampus erectus "» VU '" D2 Lined Seahorse VU A2cd Indonesia VU '™ A2cd [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Pacific (northwest, western central)] [L. Tondano] [Atlantic (northwest, southwest, western central)] Hippocampus ramulosus Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES Hippocampus erinaceus Long-snouted Seahorse "« Family GASTEROSTEIDAE VU '™ A2cd VU A2cd [Atlantic (northeast, western [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). central), Pungitius hellenicus Pacific (northwest, western central)] Mediterranean and Black Sea] Ellinopygosteos CR ">' Bl+2bc Hippocampus fuscus Hippocampus reidi Greece VU "« A2cd Slender Seahorse '™ [Aggia Paraskevi Spring] [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). VU A2cd [Atlantic (southwest, western Family PEGASTOAE Pacific (northwest, western central)] central)] Pegasus laternarius Hippocampus hippocampus Hippocampus sindonis VU '™ A2cd Short-snouted Seahorse '™ A2cd VU ™ A2cd [Indian Ocean (eastern, western), VU [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Pacific (northwest, western central)] [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast), Mediterranean and Black Sea] Pacific (northwest, western central)]

Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Hippocampus histrix Hippocampus spinosissimus VU "' A2cd VU "« A2cd Family SYNGNATHmAE [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). [Indian Ocean (eastern, western), Hippocampus abdominalis Pacific (northwest, western central)] Pacific (northwest, western central)] Big-bellied Seahorse Hippocampus taeniops VU '™ A2d Hippocampus horai VU '™ A2cd VU "» A2cd Australia, New Zealand [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). [Indian Ocean (eastern, western), [Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific (northwest, western (southwest)l Pacific (northwest, western central)] Pacific central)] Hippocampus aimei Hippocampus ingens Hippocampus takakurae VU '™ A2cd Giant Seahorse VU '™ A2cd [Indian Ocean (eastern, western), VU '™ A2cd [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Pacific (northwest, western central)] [Pacific (eastern central)] Pacific (northwest, western central)]

81 Threatened Species

Hippocampus trimaculatus Order SCORPAENIFORMES Maccullochella macquariensis Three-spotted Seahorse Trout Cod Family SCORPAENroAE '" VU 178Alcd+2cd EN C2a [Indian Ocean (eastern, western), Pontinus nigropunctatus Australia Pacific (northwest, southwest, Deepwater Jack Nannoperca oxleyana western central)] VU '" D2 Oxleyan Pygmy Perch St Helena EN '™ Alce+2c Hippocampus whitei [Atlantic (southeast)] Australia White's Seahorse Sebastes fasciatus Nannoperca variegata VU 178A2cde Redfish Variagated Pygmy Perch AustraHa EN "- Albd VU '" D2 [Indian Ocean (eastern)] [Atlantic (northeast, northwest)] Australia Sebastes paucispinus Hippocampus zosterae Family POLYPRIONroAE Boccacio Rockfish Dwarf Seahorse CR "- Alabd+2d Stereolepis gigas VU 178A2cd Canada, Mexico, USA Giant Sea Bass [Atlantic (western central)] [Pacific (eastern central, northeast)] CR "- Albd Mexico, USA Solegnathus dunckeri Family COTTIDAE [Pacific (eastern central)] Duncker's Pipehorse Cottus asperrimus VU 178Ald+2d Family SERRANIDAE Rough Sculpin Australia VU " D2 Anthias salmopunctatus [Pacific (southwest, western central)] USA VU '" D2 extensus Brazil Solegnathus hardwickii Cottus Bear Sculpin [Atlantic (eastern central, southwest)] Pipehorse Lake " VU 178Ald+2d VU D2 Epinephelus drummondhayi USA [Pacific (northwest, western central)] Speckled Hind [L. Bear] CR " Ald+2d [Atlantic (southwest, western Solegnathus lettiensis Cottus greenei Gunther's Pipehorse Shoshone Sculpin central)] " VU l7a^2d VU D2 Epinephelus inermis Australia, Indonesia USA Marbled Grouper [Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific Cottus leiopomus VU " A2d (western central)] Wood River Sculpin [Atlantic (southwest, western VU " D2 central)] robustus Solegnathus USA Epinephelus itajara Robust Pipehorse Cottus petiti Jewfish 178A2d VU CR '»' Bl+2c CR "° Ald+2d Australia France [Atlantic (eastern central, southeast, [Indian Ocean (eastern)] [R. Le Lez] southwest), Indian Ocean (western Pacific (eastern central, Cottus pygmaeus central). Solegnathus spinosissimus Pygmy Sculpin southeast)] Spiny Pipehorse CR " Bl+2a Epinephelus lanceoUuus VU 178Ald+2d USA Giant Grouper Australia, New Zealand [R. Coosa] VU "° A2d [Pacific (southwest)] [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Syngnathus watermayeri northwest, Order PERCEFORMES Pacific (eastern central, River Pipefish southwest, western central)] CR 20 Bl+2abd Family PERCICHTHYroAE Epinephelus nigritus South Africa Edelia obscura Warsaw Grouper "0 Yarra Pygmy Perch CR Ald+2d Order SYNBRANCHIFGRMES VU '" Bl+2bc [Atlantic (southwest, western Australia central)] Family SYNBRANCHIDAE Maccullochella ikei Epinephelus niveatus Ophisternon infernale Clarence River Cod Snowy Grouper Anguila Ciega EN '™ Alacd VU " Ald+2d, Bl+2e EN 49 Alac+2c, Bl+2c Australia [Atlantic (southwest, western Mexico [R. Clarence] central)]

82 Fishes: bony fishes

Epinephelus striatus Hephaestus adamsoni Etheostoma moorei Nassau Grouper Adamson's Grunter Yellowcheek Darter EN "» Ald+2d VU ' A2cd VU " D2 [Atlantic (southwest, western Papua New Guinea USA central)] [L. Kutubu] [R. White (R. Little Red)] Hypoplectrus providencianus Varia jamoerensis Etheostoma nianguae Masked Hamlet Yamur Lake Grunter Niangua Darter

' " VU ' D2 VU A2d VU Bl+2c, Dl [Atlantic (western central)] Indonesia USA [L. Yamur] [R. Osage] Mycteroperca cidi Grouper Etheostoma nuchale Venezuelan Family CENTRARCHmAE Watercress Darter VU ' D2 " Venezuela Ambloplites cavifrons EN Bl+2ce [Atlantic (western central)] Roanoke Bass USA " [R. Black Warrior] Mycteroperca jordani VU D2 Gulf Grouper USA Etheostoma okaloosae VU '" Ald+2d Okaloosa Darter Family ELASSOMAXmAE " Mexico EN Bl+2c [Pacific (eastern central)] Elassoma okatie USA Bluebarred Pygmy Sunfish [Choctawhatchee Bay drainage] Mycteroperca microlepis " Gag VU D2 Etheostoma pallididorsum USA VU " Albd+2d Paleback Darter VU " D2 Brazil, Mexico, USA Family PERCIDAE [Atlantic (southwest, western USA central)] Crystallaria asprella [R. Ouachita] Crystal Darter Mycteroperca olfax Etheostoma pellucidum " Bacalao Grouper VU Ale Eastern Sand Darter VU '" A2d,D2 USA VU " Ale Canada, Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Etheostoma aquali USA [Pacific (eastern central)] Coppercheek Darter Etheostoma pottsi '" Mycteroperca prionura VU A2ce Mexican Darter " Sawtail Grouper USA VU Alace+2ce, Bl+2c Mexico VU '" Ald+2d Etheostoma australe Mexico Dardo de Conchos Etheostoma striatulum [Pacific (eastern central)] VU " Alce+2ce, B2c+3a Striated Darter " Mycteroperca rosacea Mexico VU D2 USA Leopard Grouper Etheostoma boschungi [R. Duck] VU '" Ald+2d Slackwater Darter Mexico EN " Bl+2c Etheostoma trisella [Pacific (eastern central)] USA Trispot Darter " Plectranthias chungchowensis [R. Tennessee] VU D2 USA VU '-' D2 Etheostoma cinereum Etheostoma tuscumbia Taiwan Ashy Darter [Pacific (northeast)] VU " D2 Tuscumbia Darter " D2 Pseudanthias regalis USA VU '" USA VU D2 ditrema Etheostoma [R. Tennessee] French Polynesia Coldwater Darter Etheostoma wapiti [Pacific (eastern central)] VU " D2 USA Boulder Darter Family PSEUDOCHROMIDAE VU " D2 [R. Coosa] Pseudochromis pesi USA Etheostoma fonticola VU '" D2 Gymnocephalus schraetzer Fountain Darter [Indian Ocean (western)] Striped Ruffe " D2 VU VU '" Alace Family TERAPONTmAE USA Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia?, Czech Bidyanus bidyanus Etheostoma grahami Republic, Germany, Hungary, Silver Perch Rio Grande Darter Moldova?, Romania, Slovakia, VU '" Alcd VU "' A2c, Bl+2c,D2 Ukraine?, Yugoslavia Australia Mexico, USA [R. Danube]

83 Threatened Species

Percarina demidoff Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy?, Chaetodon marleyi VU "" D2 Moldova?, Slovakia, Slovenia, Marley's Butterflyfish Moldova?, Russia, Ukraine Switzerland?, Ukraine, Yugoslavia VU '" D2 [Atlantic (southeast)] Percina antesella Zingel zingel Amber Darter Zingel Chaetodon obliquus VU " D2 VU '«' Alce+2ce VU '" D2 USA Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, [Atlantic (eastern central, southwest)] Percina aurolineata Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Chaetodon robustus Goldline Darter Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, "" VU " D2 Ukraine, Yugoslavia VU D2 USA Cape Verde [R. Cahaba, R. Coosa] Family LUTJANBDAE [Adantic (eastern central)]

Percina burtoni Lutjanus analis Family POMACANTHIDAE Blotchside Logperch Mutton Snapper " Centropyge resplendens VU D2 VU " A2d,Bl+2e USA Resplendent Pygmy Angelfish [Atlantic (southwest, western VU '" D2 [R. Tennessee] central)] St Helena (Ascension) Percina cymatotaenia Lutjanus cyanopterus [Atlantic (southeast)] Bluestripe Darter Cubera Snapper " Family CICHLIDAE EN Bl+2ac VU " A2d USA [Atlantic (southwest, western Allochromis welcommei Percina jenkinsi central)] CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce Conasauga Logperch Uganda VU " D2 Family HAEMULTOAE [L. Nawampasa] USA Anisotremus moricandi Astatotilapia "dwarf bigeye scraper" Percina lenticula Brownstriped Grunt CR '" Alace, BI+2c Freckled Darter Kenya EN ' A2c " VU Bl+2ad, D2 Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Venezuela [L. Kanyaboli] USA [Atlantic (eastern central, southwest), Astatotilapia "shovelmouth" Percina pantherina Pacific (westem central)] EN " Alacde, Bl+2ce Leopard Darter Uganda Family SPARTOAE VU " D2 [L. Kyoga, L. Nawampasa] USA Pagruspagrus Astatotilapia barbarae [R. Little] Red Porgy EN" Alace, Bl+2bcde Percina rex EN " Albd+2d Uganda Roanoke Logperch [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, [R. Victoria Nile] VU " Bl+2c,D2 northwest, southeast, southwest, [L. Nawampasa, L. Victoria] USA westem central), Mediterranean and Astatotilapia brownae Black Sea] " Percina tanasi EN Alace Snail Darter Tanzania Family SCIAENIDAE VU " D2 [L. Victoria] USA Totoaba macdonaldi Astatotilapia latifasciata " Romanichthys valsanicola Totoaba CR Alacde, Bl+2ce " Asprete CR Alabce+2bce, Bl+2ce+3ad Uganda CR "" Alace+2ce, Bl+2abcde Mexico [L. Nawampasa] Romania Astatotilapia piceata Family CHAETODONXroAE [R. Arges] EN " Alace, Bl+2acd Zingel asper Chaetodon flavocoronatus Tanzania Apron Yellow-crowned Butterflyfish [L. Victoria] '" CR '"' Bl+2abcde VU D2 Astatotilapia velifer France, Switzerland Guam VU " Alae, Bl+2c [R. Rhone] [Pacific (westem central)] Uganda [Nabugabo Lakes] Zingel streber Chaetodon litus Streber Easter Island Butterflyfish Chetia brevis VU '" Alce+2ce VU '" D2 Orange-fringed Largemouth Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chile (Easter Id) VU "» Ale Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, [Pacific (southwest)] Mozambique, South Africa

84 Fishes: bony fishes ^gf

Cichlasoma bartoni Konia eisentrauti Paralabidochromis chromogynos Mojarra Caracolera Konye VU " Alace, Bl+2acd VU « Alac+2c, Bl+2c,Cl CR '" Bl+2c Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Mexico Cameroon [L. Victoria] [L. Barombi Mbo] Cichlasoma labridens Paralabidochromis crassilabris Mojarra Lipochromis "backflash cryptodon" VU " Alace, Bl+2acd EN " A2ce, B2ab+3a CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Mexico Uganda [L. Victoria] minckleyi [L. Nawampasa] Cichlasoma Paralabidochromis victoriae Mojarra Caracolera de Cuatro Lipochromis "black cryptodon" CR " Alace, Bl+2abcd Cienegas CR "" Alace, Bl+2acd Kenya "' Alce+2ce, Bl+2c VU Tanzania [L. Victoria] Mexico [L. Victoria] Paretroplus dami Cichlasoma pantostictum Lipochromis "parvidens-like" Damba Mojarra " CR Alacde, Bl+2ce VU "» A2ce VU "' Ale, Bl+2c Uganda Madagascar Mexico [L. Nawampasa] Paretroplus kieneri Cichlasoma steindachneri Lipochromis "small obesoid" Kotsovato Mojarra " CR Alacde, 81 +2ce VU "» A2ce VU "' A2e,Bl+2c,D2 Uganda Madagascar Mexico [L. Nawampasa] Enterochromis paropius Paretroplus maculatus Lipochromis maxillaris Damba Mipentina CR " Alace, Bl+2acd " CR Alace, Bl+2abcde "* Tanzania CR A2cde, Bl+2abcde Kenya Madagascar [L. Victoria] [L. Kanyaboli] Gaurochromis simpsoni Paretroplus petiti Lipochromis melanopterus complex EN" Alace, Bl+2cd Kotso CR " Alace, Bl+2acd Uganda CR "* A2cde, Bl+2abcde Tanzania [Nabugabo Lakes] Madagascar [L. Victoria] Haplochromis "ruby" Prognathochromis "long snout" Macropleurodus bicolor CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce EN " Alacde, Bl+2ce CR " Alace, Bl+2acd Uganda Uganda Tanzania [L. Nawampasa] [L. Kyoga, L. Nawampasa] [L. Victoria] Haplochromis annectidens Prognathochromis howesi Myaka myaka CR " Alace, Bl+2cde " Myaka Myaka EN Alace, Bl+2acd Uganda Tanzania CR '" Bl+2c [L. Nabugabo] Victoria] Cameroon [L. Haplochromis obliquidens [L. Barombi Mbo] Prognathochromis mento " EN Alace, Bl+2acd " Alace, Bl+2acd Oreochromis esculentus CR Tanzania, Uganda Tanzania VU " Alacde, Bl+2ce [L. Bunyoni, L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Harpagochromis "frogmouth" Prognathochromis venator " Oreochromis variabilis VU Alae,Bl+2acd " Bl+2cd VU " Alacde, Bl+2ce EN Alace, Kenya, Uganda Uganda Victoria] Kenya, Uganda [L. [Nabugabo Lakes] [L. Nawampasa, L. Victoria] Harpagochromis plagiostoma Prognathochromis worthingtoni CR " Alace, Bl+2acd Oxylapia polli "^ CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce Uganda VU D2 Uganda [L. Victoria] Madagascar [Marolambo Rapids, R. Nosivolo] [L. Nawampasa] Harpagochromis worthingtoni Psammochromis acidens CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce Paralabidochromis beadlei " Alace, Bl+2acd Uganda CR " Alace, Bl+2cd VU Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda [L. Nawampasa] Uganda Victoria] [L. Nabugabo] [L. Konia dikume Dikume Paralabidochromis chilotes complex Psammochromis aelocephalus " CR '" Alcde, Bl+2c VU " Alace, Bl+2acd VU Alac,Bl+2acd Cameroon Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda [L. Victoria] [L. Barombi Mbo] [L. Victoria]

85 Threatened Species

Ptchochromoides sp. Stomatepia mariae Tilapia imbrifema Katria Nsess VU "" D2 VU "* D2 CR "" Bl+2c Cameroon Madagascar Cameroon [L. Bermin] [L. Barombi Mbo] Ptychochromoides betsileanus Tilapia kottae Trondo Mainty Stomatepia mongo VU '" D2 CR '" Alace, Bl+2abcde,C2a Mongo Cameroon Madagascar CR "" Alcde, Bl+2c [L. Barombi ba Kotto, L. Mboadong] Cameroon Ptyochromis "Rusinga oral sheller" Tilapia snyderae [L. Barombi Mbo] CR " Alace, Bl+2acd VU '»' D2 Kenya Stomatepia pindu Cameroon [L. Victoria] Pindu [L. Bermin] Ptyochromis "rainbow sheller" CR '«' Bl+2c Tilapia spongotroktis CR " Alac, BI+2acd Cameroon VU "» D2 Kenya, Tanzania [L. Barombi Mbo] Cameroon [L. Victoria] [L. Bermin] Tilapia "jewel" Ptyochromis annectens VU "« D2 Tilapia thysi EN " Alace, Bl+2acd Cameroon VU "" D2 Kenya [L. Ejagham] Cameroon [L. Victoria] [L. Bermin] Tilapia "little black" Ptyochromis granti VU "^ D2 Xystichromis "Kyoga flameback" " EN Alace, Bl+2acd Cameroon CR " Alace,Bl+2ce Kenya [L. Ejagham] Uganda [L. Victoria] [L. Nawampasa] Tilapia "yellow-green" Ptyochromis sauvagei VU "" D2 Xystichromis nuchisquamulatus VU '^ Alace, Bl+2acd " Cameroon EN Alace, Bl+2acd Kenya, Tanzania Kenya [L. Ejagham] [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Tilapia bakossiorum Pungu maclareni Xystichromis phytophagus VU '«' D2 Pungu CR " Alace, Bl+2acd Cameroon CR «> B1+2C Kenya [L. Bermin] Cameroon [L. Kanyaboli] [L. Barombi Mbo] Tilapia bemini Yssichromis pyrrhocephalus "» D2 Pyxichromis orthostoma VU VU " Alace, Bl+2acd Cameroon VU " Alace, Bl+2ce Kenya, Tanzania [L. Bermin] Uganda [L. Victoria] [L. Kyoga, L. Nawampasa] Tilapia bythobathes Family POMACENTRIDAE Sarotherodon caroli VU '»' D2 Fissi Cameroon Chromis sanctaehelenae CR "" Bl+2c [L. Bermin] VU '" D2 Cameroon St Helena Tilapia deckerti [L. Barombi Mbo] [Atlantic (southeast)] VU '»' D2 Sarotherodon linnellii Cameroon Stegastes sanctaehelenae Unga [L. Ejagham] VU '" D2 CR "" Bl+2c St Helena Tilapia flava Cameroon [Atlantic (southeast)] '«' D2 [L. Barombi Mbo] VU Cameroon Stegastes santipaulae Sarotherodon lohbergeri '" [L. Bermin] VU D2 Leka Keppe Brazil '«' Tilapia CR Bl+2c guinasana [Atlantic (eastern central, southwest)] Cameroon Otjikoto Tilapia "« [L. Barombi Mbo] CR Bl+2ce Namibia Family MUGILIDAE Sarotherodon steinbachi Kululu Tilapia gutturosa Liza luciae CR '" B1+2C VU '" D2 Saint Lucia Mullet Cameroon Cameroon EN "« Bl+2ab+3a [L. Barombi Mbo] [L. Bermin] South Africa

86 Fishes: bony fishes ^gf

Family LABRIDAE Mogurnda furva Glossogobius intermedius Black Mogurnda VU '»' D2 Cheilinus undulatus VU ' A2cd Indonesia Humphead Wrasse Papua New Guinea VU "" Ald+2cd Glossogobius matanensis [L. Kutubu] [Indian Ocean (eastern, western), VU '»' D2 Mogurnda spilota Pacific (northwest, western central)] Indonesia Blotched Mogurnda Lachnolaimus maximus VU ' A2cd Knipowitschia croatica Hogfish Papua New Guinea VU "" D2 ' A2d VU [L. Kutubu] Croatia [Atlantic (southwest, western Mogurnda variegata central)] Knipowitschia punctatissima Variegated Mogurnda VU '" A2c Thalassoma ascensionis ' VU A2cd Italy VU '" D2 Papua New Guinea Knipowitschia thessala St Helena (Ascension) [L. Kutubu] [Atlantic (southeast)] Thessalogovinos Mogurnda vitta VU "" A2ce Xyrichtys virens Striped Mogurnda '" Greece VU D2 VU ' A2cd French Polynesia Papua New Guinea Lentipes whittenorum [Pacific (eastern central, southwest)] [L. Kutubu] VU «" D2 Indonesia Family SCARIDAE Typhleotris madgascarensis '»« VU D2 Mugilogobius adeia Scarus guacamaia Madagascar "" D2 Rainbow Parrotfrsh VU Typhleotris pauliani VU "° Ald+2d Indonesia VU '« D2 [Atlantic (southwest, western Madagascar Mugilogobius latifrons central)] VU '" D2 Family GOBimAE Indonesia Family CLINIDAE Chlamydogobius gloveri Padogobius nigricans spatulatus Clinus Dalhousie Goby Amo Goby Bot River Klipfish '" VU D2 VU '« Alace EN '" Bl+2c Australia Italy South Africa Chlamydogobius micropterus Pandaka pygmaea Elizabeth Springs Goby Family CHAENOPSIDAE Dwarf Pygmy Goby CR '" Ale, Bl+2c Coralliozetus tayrona CR '»' Alace Australia Tayrona Blenny Philippines Chlamydogobius squamigenus VU ' D2 [R. Malabon] Edgbaston Goby Colombia CR '" Alace, B2abcde+3d Sicyopus axillimentus punctata '»' Protemblemaria Australia VU D2 VU ' D2 Economidichthys pygmaeus Philippines Venezuela VU '" A2ce Stiphodon surrrufus [Atlantic (western central)] Greece VU "" D2 Family CALLIONYMIDAE Economidichthys trichonis Philippines Nanogovios Callionymus sanctaehclenae Stupidogobius flavipinnis VU '" D2 St Helena Dragonet VU "" D2 Greece CR '" Dl Indonesia [L. Trichonis] St Helena [Malili Lakes] [Atlantic (southeast)] Eucyclogobius newberryi Tidewater Goby Tamanka sarasinorum Family ELEOTRIDAE VU " Alc+2c Sarasin's Goby VU "" D2 Boroda expatiia USA Indonesia VU '" D2 Clossgobius flavipinnis [Malili Lakes] Philippines VU '"' D2 [L. Manguao] Indonesia Weberogobius amadi Gobiomorphus alpinus [L. Towuti] Poso Bungu Tamdale Bully Glossogobius ankaranensis CR ">' Alae VU '" D2 CR '« Bl+2c Indonesia New Zealand Madagascar [L. Poso]

87 Threatened Species

Family SCOMBRIDAE Betta simplex Class ARACHNIDA VU "" D2 Scomberomorus concolor Thailand Monterrey Spanish Mackerel Order ARANEAE Betta spilotogena EN '" Alc+2d CR "" A2c Family LINYPHIffiAE Mexico Indonesia [Pacific (western central)] Troglohyphantes gracilis Betta tomi Kocevje Subterranean Spider Thunnus maccoyii (C) '»' VU D2 VU »" D2 Southern bluefin Tuna Malaysia CR '" Albd Slovenia Parosphromenus harveyi [Atlantic (southeast, southwest), Troglohyphantes similis EN '°' Bl+2c Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Kocevje Subterranean Spider Malaysia Pacific (southwest)] VU "" D2 Slovenia Thunnus obesus (C) Bigeye Tuna Order PLEURONECTITGRMES Troglohyphantes spinipes VU '" Albd Kocevje Subterranean Spider Family PLEURONECTIDAE "" [Atlantic (eastern central, southeast, VU D2 Slovenia southwest, western central), Indian Hippoglossus hippoglossus Ocean (eastern, western). Pacific Atlantic Halibut '« (eastern central, northwest, EN Aid Family LYCOSffiAE southeast, southwest, western [Atlantic (northeast, northwest)] Adelocosa anops central)] Pleuronectes ferrugineus (C) Kauai Cave Wolf Spider Yellowtail Flounder EN "" Bl+2c VU "" Albd USA (Hawaiian Is) Canada, USA Family ANABANXmAE [Atlantic (northeast)] Pardosa diutuma Glacier Bay Wolf Spider Sandelia bainsii '" Eastern Province Rocky VU D2 Order TETRAODONTIFORMES USA EN "» Ale, BI+2abcd South Africa Family BALISTmAE Sosippus placidus Lake Placid Funnel Wolf Spider Balistes vetula Family BELONTimAE VU '»' D2 Queen Triggerfish USA Betta burdigala VU '« A2d VU "" D2 [Atlantic (eastern central, southeast, Indonesia southwest, western central)] Family PISAURIDAE

Betta chini Family TETRAGDONXroAE Dolomedes plantarius VU '"' D2 Great Raft Spider Canthigaster rapaensis Malaysia VU '" Alace+2ce '" VU D2 Austria, Belarus?, Belgium, Betta chloropharynx French Polynesia Denmark, France, Georgia?, "" VU D2 [Pacific (southwest)] Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Indonesia Liosaccus pachygaster Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden Betta hipposideros VU '" D2 VU '"' D2 Taiwan Malaysia [Pacific (northwest)] Family TETRAGNATHIDAE

Betta livida Meta dolloff EN '»' Bl+2c Dolloff Cave Spider Malaysia Class SARCOPTERYGII VU '" D2 USA Betta macrostoma VU "" D2 Order COELACANTHIFORMES Brunei Family LATIMERnDAE Order OPILIONES Betta miniopinna Latimeria chalumnae CR '»' A2c Family PHALANGODroAE Coelacanth Indonesia EN '" A2cd,C2b Banksula melones Betta persephone Comoros, South Africa Melones Cave Harvestman CR '»' Bl+2c [Atlantic (southeast), Indian Ocean VU "" A2c Malaysia (western)] USA

88 Crustaceans ^ff^"'

Order PSEUDOSCORPIONmA Stygobromus balconis Stygobromus harai Balcones Cave Amphipod Hara's Cave Amphipod Family NEOBISIIDAE VU " D2 VU « D2 Fissilicreagris imperialis USA USA Empire Cave Pseudoscorpion Stygobromus barri Stygobromus hayi '" VU D2 Barr's Cave Amphipod Hay's Spring Amphipod USA VU « D2 EN '' B1+2C USA USA Class CHILOPODA Stygobromus bifurcatus Stygobromus heteropodus Bifurcated Cave Amphipod Pickle Springs Amphipod Order VU " D2 VU « D2 SCOLOPENDROMORPHA USA USA Family SCOLOPENDRIDAE Stygobromus bowmani Stygobromus hubbsi Scolopendra abnormis Bowman's Cave Amphipod Malheur Cave Amphipod « " Serpent Island Centipede VU D2 VU D2 VU '" D2 USA USA Mauritius Stygobromus clantoni Stygobromus identatus Clanton's Cave Amphipod Tidewater Stygonectid Amphipod Class CRUSTACEA VU " D2 VU " D2 USA USA Order AMPHIPODA Stygobromus conradi Stygobromus longipes Bumsville Long-legged Cave Family Cove Cave Amphipod Amphipod ALLOCRANGONYCTIDAE VU " D2 VU " D2 USA USA Allocrangonyx hubrichti Central Missouri Cave Amphipod Stygobromus cooperi Stygobromus mackenziei VU " D2 Cooper's Cave Amphipod Mackenzie's Cave Amphipod USA VU " D2 VU « D2 USA USA Allocrangonyx pellucidus Oklahoma Cave Amphipod Stygobromus dejectus Stygobromus montanus VU " D2 Cascade Cave Amphipod Mountain Cave Amphipod USA VU " D2 VU " D2 USA USA Family BOGEDIELLIDAE Stygobromus elatus Stygobromus morrisoni Bogidiella bermudensis Elevated Spring Amphipod Morrison's Cave Amphipod CR " Bl+2c VU " D2 VU '' D2 Bermuda USA USA Family CRANGONYCTIDAE Stygobromus emarginatus Stygobromus mundaus Crangonyx dearolfi Greenbrier Cave Amphipod Bath County Cave Amphipod Pennsylvania Cave Amphipod VU " D2 VU « D2 EN " Bl+2c USA USA USA Stygobromus ephemerus Stygobromus nortoni Crangonyx grandimanus Ephemeral Cave Amphipod Norton's Cave Amphipod Florida Cave Amphipod VU « D2 VU " D2 VU " D2 USA USA USA Stygobromus flagellatus Stygobromus onondagaensis Crangonyx hobbsi Ezell's Cave Amphipod Onondaga Cave Amphipod Cave Amphipod Hobb's " VU " D2 " VU D2 VU D2 USA USA USA Stygobromus ozarkensis Stygobromus araeus Stygobromus gradyi Grady's Cave Amphipod Ozark Cave Amphipod Tidewater Interstitial Amphipod " VU " D2 VU " D2 VU D2 USA USA USA Stygobromus arizonensis Stygobromus hadenoecus Stygobromus parvus Arizona Cave Amphipod Devil's Sinkhole Amphipod Minute Cave Amphipod VU " D2 VU " D2 VU « D2 USA USA USA

89 Threatened Species

Stygobromus pecki Family INGOLFIELLroAE Paramelita barnardi Peck's Cave Amphipod EN " Bl+2c Ingolfiella longipes « B1+2C South EN CR ' B1+2C Africa USA Bermuda Paramelita flexa » Stygobromus piziinii VU Ale Family LILJEBORGIIDAE Pizzini's Amphipod South Africa VU « D2 Idunella sketi Family PHOXOCEPHALmAE USA CR ' Bl+2c Bermuda Cocoharpinia iliffei Stygobromus putealis CR « Bl+2c Wisconsin Well Amphipod Family NIPHARGIDAE Bermuda " VU D2 Carinurella paradoxa USA VU '" D2 Order ANASPIDACEA Stygobromus reddelli Italy, Slovenia Reddell's Cave Amphipod Niphargobates lefkodemonaki Family ANASPIDIDAE VU " D2 VU " D2 Allanaspides helonomus USA Greece Syncarid Shrimp Stygobromus smithii Niphargobates orophobata VU " D2 '" Alabama Well Amphipod VU D2 Australia « Slovenia VU D2 Allanaspides hickmani USA Niphargus aberrans Syncarid Shrimp VU "' D2 « Stygobromus spinatus VU D2 Slovenia Spring Cave Amphipod Australia VU " D2 Niphargus hadzii Paranaspides lacustris '" USA VU D2 Great Lake Shrimp Slovenia VU « D2 Stygobromus stellmacki Niphargus hrabei Australia Stellmack's Cave Amphipod VU '" Bl+2bcde VU " D2 Family PSAMMASPffllDAE USA Austria, Croatia, Hungary?, Romania, Russia?, Slovakia, Eucrenonaspides oinotheke Stygobromus subtilis Ukraine?, Yugoslavia? VU "" D2 Subtle Cave Amphipod Niphargus sphagnicolus Australia VU " D2 VU '" D2 USA Slovenia Order ANOMOPODA Stygobromus wengerorum Niphargus spoeckeri Wengeror's Cave Amphipod VU '" D2 Family CHYDOREDAE VU « D2 Slovenia Alona hercegovinae USA Niphargus stenopus VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Bosnia and Herzegovina Family GAMMARTOAE Slovenia Alona sketi Niphargus timavi '" Gammarus bousfieldi VU D2 '" Bousfield's Amphipod VU D2 Slovenia Italy, Slovenia VU « D2 Alona smirnovi USA Niphargus valachicus VU '" D2 VU '" Bl+2bcde Macedonia Gammarus hyalelloides Bulgaria, Croatia?, Hungary, Diminutive Amphipod Rhynchochydorus australiensis Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, " Water Flea VU D2 Yugoslavia USA VU " D2 Family ORCHESTimAE Australia Gammarus pecos Pecos Amphipod Spelaseorchestia kiloana Family DAPHNIffiAE VU " D2 Kaui Cave Amphipod Daphnia coronata USA EN « Bl+2ce » D2 USA (Hawaiian Is) VU Family HADZIIDAE South Africa Family PARAMELITIDAE Daphnia jollyi Pseudoniphargus grandimanus Aquadulcaris pheronyx Water Flea CR '" B1+2C CR " Bl+3d VU " D2 Bermuda South Africa Australia

90 Crustaceans /ff^~^

Daphnia nivalis Family STREPTOCEPHALmAE Order CALANOIDA Water Flea VU " D2 Streptocephalus dendrophorus Family CENTROPAGmAE " Australia EN Bl+2bd Boeckella bispinosa South Africa '« Daphnia occidentalis VU D2 Australia Water Flea Streptocephalus dendyi VU " D2 EN " Bl+2bd Boeckella calcaris Australia South Africa VU '« D2 Bolivia, Peru Streptocephalus gracilis Boeckella geniculata Order ANOSTRACA CR »' A2c, Bl+2bd VU '« D2 South Africa Family BRANCHINECTroAE Australia Streptocephalus guzmani Boeckella nyoraensis Branchinecta belki EN '"' Bl+3cd VU '« D2 EN "" Bl+3cd Mexico Australia Mexico Streptocephalus moorei Boeckella shieli Branchinecta conservatio CR "" Bl+3d VU '« D2 Conservancy Fairy Shrimp Mexico Australia EN " A2c Calamoecia australica USA Streptocephalus woottoni VU '" D2 Branchinecta longiantenna Riverside Fairy Shrimp Australia Longhom Fairy Shrimp EN " A2c EN " A2c Mexico, USA Calamoecia elongata USA VU '« D2 Streptocephalus zuluensis Australia Branchinecta lynchi EN " Bl+2bd Calamoecia zeidleri Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp South Africa, Zimbabwe VU '« D2 VU « A2c Australia USA Family THAMNOCEPHALmAE Hemiboeckella powellensis Branchinecta mexicana Branchinella alachua VU '« D2 CR "" Bl+3d Peninsula Fairy Shrimp Australia Mexico EN " Bl+2cd [swamp near L. Powell] Branchinecta sandiegonensis USA Family DIAPTOMIDAE San Diego Fairy Shrimp EN " A2c Branchinella apophysata Aglaodiaptomus kingsburyae Fairy Shrimp Mexico, USA VU '« D2 VU « D2 USA Family BRANCHIPODIDAE Australia Aglaodiaptomus marshianus Parartemia contracta Branchinella basispina VU '« D2 Brine Shrimp Fairy Shrimp USA VU « D2 VU « D2 [L. Jackson] Australia Australia Allodiaptomus satanas VU "" D2 Family CHIROCEPHALIDAE Branchinella denticulata India Fairy Shrimp Chirocephalus croaticus VU " D2 Arctodiaptomus burduricus '" VU Bl+2bcde Australia VU '*' D2 Croatia, Slovenia Turkey Branchinella lithaca Chirocephalus pelagonicus [L. Burdur, L. Solda] Stone Mountain Fairy Shrimp VU '" D2 Arctodiaptomus euacanthus « Bl+2cd CR '« Macedonia USA VU D2 India Chirocephalus reiseri VU '" D2 Branchinella simplex Arctodiaptomus kamtschaticus Brine Bosnia and Herzegovina Shrimp VU '« D2 " VU D2 Russia Family LEVDERIELLroAE Australia [L. Zelonoe]

Dexteria floridana Branchinella wellardi Arctodiaptomus michaeli Florida Fairy Shrimp Fairy Shrimp VU '" D2 CR « Bl+2c VU " D2 India USA Australia [L. Alapathar, L. Marsar]

91 Threatened Species

Dussartius baeticus Notodiaptomus maracaibensis Nanocopia minuta VU '« D2 VU '" D2 CR " Bl+2c Spain Venezuela Bermuda [R. Quadalquivir] [L. Maracaibo] Family PSEUDOCYCLOPiroAE Eodiaptomus lumholtzi Paradiaptomus natalensis Paracyclopia VU '» D2 VU " D2 naessi CR '• Bl+2c Australia South Africa Bermuda Eodiaptomus shihi Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae VU '« D2 VU "" D2 Family TEMORIDAE India India Epischura baikalensis [Ghandisagar Reservoir] "' Skistodiaptomus carolinensis VU D2 Heliodiaptomus kolleruensis VU »' D2 Russia VU '« D2 USA [L. Baikal] India [L. Ravenel] Order CONCHOSTRACA Heliodiaptomus pulcher Stygodiaptomus kieferi VU '« D2 VU '" D2 Family LEPTESTHERnDAE India Bosnia and Herzegovina Eoleptestheria spinosa Hesperodiaptomus augustaensis Stygodiaptomus petkovskii VU "' Bl+2bcd+3c VU '« D2 VU '« D2 Croatia, Yugoslavia USA Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia Family LEMNADIIDAE Hesperodiaptomus californiensis Thermodiaptomus galeboides Imnadia banatica VU '« D2 VU '« D2 VU '" D2 USA Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Yugoslavia [L. Victoria] Lovenula excellens Imnadia cristata « VU D2 Tropodiaptomus burundensis VU '" D2 South Africa '« VU D2 Yugoslavia Burundi Lovenula simplex Imnadia panonica [R. Rusizi valley] VU '« D2 VU '" D2 South Africa Tropodiaptomus kilimensis Yugoslavia '« Mastigodiaptomus purpureus VU D2 VU '" D2 Tanzania Order CYCLGPOIDA Cuba, Haiti? Tropodiaptomus kissi Family CYCLOPmAE '« D2 Metadiaptomus capensis VU Rwanda Acanthocyclops hypogeus VU "" D2 VU '" D2 South Africa Tropodiaptomus neumanni Slovenia VU '•" Dl Metadiaptomus purcelli Mesocyclops insulensis "' Kenya VU D2 '« [L. Baringo, L. Naivasha] VU D2 South Africa Mozambique Tropodiaptomus simplex Neodiaptomus intermedius [L. Bemapaza] '« '" VU D2 VU D2 Metacyclops gasparoi Burundi, Tanzania, Zaire India VU '" D2 [L. Tanganyika] Neodiaptomus laii Slovenia Tropodiaptomus stuhlmanni VU "" D2 Metacyclops postojnae VU '« D2 Malaysia VU '" D2 Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda [Pedu Reservoir and mining pools] Slovenia [L. Victoria] Neodiaptomus lymphatus Tropocyclops federensis VU '« D2 Family EPACTERISCmAE VU '" D2 Indonesia Brazil Erebonectes nesioticus [L. Tempe] Tropocyclops nananae CR « Bl+2c '« D2 Neodiaptomus physalipus Bermuda VU VU '« D2 Brazil Family India PLATYCOPimAE Family SPELEOITHONIDAE Notodiaptomus dubius Antriscopia prehensilis SpeleoUhona bermudensis '« VU D2 CR '- Bl+2c CR '" B1+2C Brazil Bermuda Bermuda

92 Crustaceans ll^^~^

Order DECAPODA Family CAMBAREDAE Cambarus harti Piedmont Blue Burrower Family ASTACmAE Cambarellus blacki Cypress Crayfish EN ' Bl+2c USA Astacus astacus EN ' Bl+2c Noble Crayfish USA Cambarus hiwasseensis '" B2bce+3bcd VU Cambarellus diminutus VU ' BH-2C Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Least Crayfish USA Cyprus [int], Czech Republic?, VU ' B1+2C Denmark, Hungary, Italy [int], Cambarus howardi USA ' Latvia?, Lithuania, Moldova?, VU Bl+2c Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Cambarellus lesliei USA

' Romania?, Russia, Slovakia, VU B1-I-2C Cambarus miltus Sweden, Switzerland [int], Ukraine, USA Rusty Grave Digger United Kingdom [int], Yugoslavia Cambarus aculabrum VU ' B1+2C Austropotamobius pallipes EN ' Bl+2c USA White-clawed Crayfish USA Cambarus nerterius VU '" B2bce+3bcd Cambarus batchi VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Austria, Czech Republic?, France, Bluegrass Crayfish USA Germany, Hungary?, Ireland, Italy, VU ' BI-I-2C, Dl Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, USA Cambarus obeyensis Switzerland, United Kingdom, Obey Crayfish Cambarus bouchardi Yugoslavia VU ' B1+2C Big South Fork Crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium USA VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Stone Crayfish Cambarus parrishi '" USA VU B2bce+3bcd VU ' B1-I-2C, Dl Cambarus catagius Austria, Czech Republic?, France, USA Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, Greenshom Burrowing Crayfish Cambarus pristinus Switzerland, Yugoslavia VU ' Bl+2c USA VU ' B1-I-2C, Dl Pacifastacus fortis USA Shasta Crayfish Cambarus chaugaensis ' Cambarus pyronotus CR ' B1+2C VU Bl+2c, Dl USA USA Red-black Crayfish EN ' B1-I-2C Pacifastacus nigrescens Cambarus coosawattae ' Bl+2c, USA CR ' Bl+2c VU Dl USA (ex?) USA Cambarus reburrus Cambarus cryptodytes VU ' B1+2C Family ATYIDAE Apalachicola Cave Crayfish USA Palaemonias alabamae VU ' Bl+2c Cambarus scotti Alabama Cave Shrimp USA VU ' B1+2C EN « Bl+2c Cambarus cymatilis USA

USA ' VU Bl+2c, Dl Cambarus speciosus Palaemonias ganteri USA VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Kentucky Cave Shrimp Cambarus deweesae USA EN " Bl+2c Valley Flame Crayfish Cambarus spicatus USA EN ' Bl+2c VU ' B1+2C Syncaris pacifica USA USA California Freshwater Shrimp Cambarus elkensis Cambarus strigosus EN " Alee VU ' Bl+2c USA USA EN ' B1+2C USA Troglocaris anophthalmus Cambarus extraneus Cambarus subterraneus VU '" Bl+2cde Chickamanga Crayfish EN ' Bl+2c Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, VU ' Bl+2c USA Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Yugoslavia USA Cambarus tartarus Typhlatya iliffei Cambarus fasciatus Oklahoma Cave Crayfish CR " B1+2C VU ' Bl+2c Bermuda USA CR ' Bl+2c USA Typhlatya monae Cambarus georgiae Mona Cave Shrimp Little Tennessee Crayfish Cambarus truncatus ' VU " D2 VU ' Bl+2c,Dl EN B1+2C Puerto Rico USA USA

93 Threatened Species

Cambarus unestami Hobbseus petilus Orconectes peruncus VU ' Bl+2c Tombigbee Riverlet Crayfish VU ' B1+2C USA VU ' B1+2C USA USA Cambarus veteranus Orconectes quadruncus ' VU ' B1+2C Hobbseus valleculus VU B1+2C USA Choctaw Riverlet Crayfish USA VU ' B1+2C Cambarus williami Orconectes saxatilis USA Kiamichi Crayfish EN ' B1+2C USA Hobbseus valobushensis CR ' B1+2C VU ' Bl+2c, Dl USA Cambarus zophonastes USA Orconectes Hell Creek Crayfish shoupi Orconectes bisectus Nashville Crayfish CR ' B1+2C USA Crittenden Crayfish CR ' Bl+2c VU ' Bl+2c, Dl USA Distocambarus devexus USA Orconectes sloanii VU ' Bl+2c, Dl USA Orconectes blacki VU ' Bl+2c VU ' Bl+2c, Dl USA Distocambarus youngineri USA Orconectes stannardi VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Orconectes cooperi VU ' Bl+2c USA VU ' Bl+2c,Dl USA burrisi USA Fallicambarus Orconectes wrighti VU ' Bl+2c Orconectes deanae VU ' Bl+2c,Dl USA Conchas Crayfish USA ' Bl+2c, Dl Fallicambarus danielae VU Procambarus USA acherontis Speckled Burrowing Crayfish Orlando Cave Crayfish ' B1+2C VU Orconectes fiartfieldi EN ' Bl+2c USA VU ' B1+2C USA USA Fallicambarus gilpini Procambarus angustatus VU ' B1+2C, Dl Orconectes holti CR ' B1+2C USA VU ' Bl+2c USA (ex?) USA Fallicambarus gordoni Procambarus apalachicolae

' Orconectes VU B1+2C, Dl incomptus VU ' Bl+2c USA Tennessee Cave Crayfish USA VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Fallicambarus harpi USA Procambarus attiguus EN ' Bl+2c Silver Glen Springs Cave Crayfish Orconectes USA jeffersoni CR ' Bl+2c Louisville Crayfish USA Fallicambarus hortoni VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Hatchie Burrowing Crayfish USA Procambarus barbiger EN ' Bl+2c Jackson Prarie Crayfish Orconectes jonesi USA VU ' Bl+2c VU ' B1+2C USA Fallicambarus petilicarpus USA CR ' Bl+2c Procambarus brazoriensis USA Orconectes kentuckiensis Brazoria Crayfish ' VU Bl+2c VU ' Bl+2c,Dl Fallicambarus strawni USA USA VU ' B1+2C Orconectes maletae Procambarus cometes USA ' VU B1+2C Mississippi Flatwoods Crayfish Hobbseus attenuatus USA VU ' Bl+2c, Dl VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Orconectes marchandi USA

USA ' VU Bl+2c, Dl Procambarus connus Hobbseus cristatus USA Corrollton Crayfish VU ' B1+2C Orconectes menae VU ' Bl+2c,Dl USA VU ' B1+2C USA Hobbseus orconectoides USA Procambarus delicatus Oktibbeha Riverlet Crayfish Orconectes mississippiensis Big-cheeked Cave Crayfish VU ' B1+2C VU ' Bl+2c CR ' Bl+2c USA USA USA

94 Crustaceans /0^^»

Procambarus echinatus Procambarus nueces Somersiella sterreri VU ' B1+2C CR ' Bl+2c CR " Bl+2c USA USA Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba, Mexico Procambarus econfinae Procambarus orcinus Family PALAEMONIDAE Panama City Crayfish Woodville Cave Crayfish Palaemonetes antrorum EN ' Bl+2c VU ' BI+2c, Dl USA USA Balcones Cave Shrimp EN « Bl+2c Procambarus erythrops Procambarus pecki USA Santa Fe Cave Crayfish Phantom Cave Crayfish Palaemonetes cummingi EN ' Bl+2c VU ' B1+2C USA USA Squirrel Chimney Cave Shrimp VU « D2 Procambarus escambiensis Procambarus pictus USA VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Black Creek Crayfish Family USA VU ' BI+2C PARASTACIDAE Procambarus ferrugineus USA Astacoides crosnieri » EN ' Bl+2c Procambarus plumimanus EN B1+2C Madagascar USA VU ' B1+2C Procambarus fitzpatricki USA Astacoides petiti « Spiny-tail Crayfish Procambarus pogum EN B1+2C Madagascar VU ' B1+2C Bearded Red Crayfish USA VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Astacopsis gouldi Giant Tasmanian Lobster Procambarus franzi USA EN " Alace, Bl+2abce Orange Lake Cave Fish Procambarus rathbunae Australia EN ' Bl+2c VU ' B1+2C USA USA Cherax destructor VU « Aide Procambarus gibbus Procambarus reimeri Australia VU ' Bl+2c VU ' Bl+2c, Dl USA USA Cherax quadricarinatus VU " Aide Procambarus horsti Procambarus steigmani Australia Big Blue Spring Cave Crayfish CR ' Bl+2c Cherax tenuimanus EN ' Bl+2c USA USA Marron Procambarus texanus VU « Aide Procambarus lagniappe ' CR Bl+2c Australia Lagniappe Crayfish USA Engaeus australis VU ' B1+2C USA Family GECARCEVUCIDAE Lilly Pilly Burrowing Crayfish EN " Bl+2c Procambarus latipleurum Afrithelphusa afzelii Australia VU ' Bl+2c, Dl " C2a CR Engaeus curvisuturus USA Sierra Leone EN » Bl+2c Procambarus leitheuseri Afrithelphusa gerhildae Australia Coastal Lowland Cave Crayfish « CR C2b Engaeus disjuncticus ' Bl+2c,Dl VU Guinea EN '^ Bl+2c USA Afrithelphusa leonensis Australia Procambarus milleri CR " C2b Engaeus granulatus Miami Cave Crayfish Sierra Leone EN " Bl+2c ' Bl+2c EN monodosus Australia USA Afrithelphusa CR " C2b Engaeus mallacoota Procambarus morrisi Guinea Mallacoota Burrowing Crayfish Putnam County Cave Crayfish « Globonautes macropus EN Bl+2c ' Bl+2ae,Cl+2b CR Tree Hole Crab Australia USA CR " C2a Engaeus martigener Procambarus nechesae Guinea, Liberia Fumeaux Burrowing Crayfish VU ' B1+2C EN " Bl+2c USA Family HIPPOLVTroAE Australia Procambarus nigrocinctus Barbouria cubensis Engaeus nulloporius VU ' Bl+2c, Dl CR '" Bl+2c EN " Bl+2c USA Bermuda Australia

95 Threatened Species

Engaeus orramakunna Euastacus monteithorum Canthocamptus longipes Mount Arthur Burrowing Crayfish EN " Bl+2c VU '" D2 EN « Bl+2c Australia Australia Australia Euastacus neodiversus Canthocamptus mammillifurca Engaeus phyllocercus VU " Bl+2c VU »' D2 Narracan Burrowing Crayfish Australia Australia " VU Bl+2c Euastacus robertsi Canthocamptus sublaevis AustraHa EN " Bl+2c VU '" D2 Engaeus rostrogaleatus Australia Australia Strzelecki Burrowing Crayfish Euastacus setosus Canthocamptus tasmaniae " '" EN Bl+2c VU '• B1+2C VU D2 Australia Australia Australia spinicaudatus Engaeus Euastacus urospinosus Ceuthonectes rouchi Scottsdale Burrowing Crayfish EN " Bl+2c VU '" D2 " Bl+2c EN Australia Slovenia Australia Euastacus yigara Elaphoidella amabilis Engaeus sternalis '" EN " Bl+2c VU D2 Warragul Burrowing Crayfish Australia USA " Bl+2c EN Elaphoidella franci Australia Family PINNOTHERmAE VU '" D2 Engaeus urostrictus Parapinnixa affinis Slovenia '^ EN Bl+2c Califomian Bay Pea Crab Elaphoidella jeanneli Australia EN « Ale VU '" D2 Engaewa similis USA Slovenia EN " Bl+2c Family POTAMONAUTmAE Elaphoidella kieferi Australia VU '" D2 Louisea edeaensis Euastacus armatus Slovenia " Murray River Cray CR Bl+2c Fibulacamptus bisetosus '- Cameroon VU A lade VU '" D2 Australia Family PROCARmroAE Australia Euastacus bindal Procaris chacei Fibulacamptus gracilior EN » Bl+2c CR " Bl+2c VU '« D2 Australia Bermuda Australia Euastacus bispinosus [R. Werribee] Glenelg River Cray Order HALOCYPRmA Paramorariopsis anae •' A lade VU VU '" D2 Australia Family HALOCYPRromAE Slovenia Euastacus crassus Spelaeoecia bermudensis Pseudomoraria triglavensis EN » Bl+2c CR '* Bl+2c VU '" D2 Australia Bermuda Slovenia Euastacus diversus EN " Bl+2c Family Order HARPACTICOIDA Australia DARCYTHOMPSONIIDAE Euastacus eungella Family AMEIRTOAE Leptocaris stromatolicola « VU '" D2 VU B1+2C Nitocrella slovenica Mexico Australia VU '" D2 Euastacus fleckeri Slovenia » B1+2C Order ISOPODA VU Nitocrella stochi Australia VU '" D2 Family ANTHURIDAE Euastacus hystricosus Italy Currassanthura bermudensis VU '• B1+2C CR '" B1+2C Australia Family CANTHOCAMPTmAE Bermuda Euastacus jagara Canthocamptus dedeckkeri EN '" Bl+2c VU "" D2 Family ASELLTOAE Australia Australia Caecidotea barri Euastacus maidae Canthocamptus echinopyge Clifton Cave Isopod EN " Bl+2c VU '« D2 EN Bl+2c Australia Australia USA

96 Crustaceans /tfl^^'

Caecidotea macropoda Onchotelson spatulatus Haplophthalmus rhinoceros Bat Cave Isopod VU " D2 VU '» D2 VU " D2 Australia Slovenia USA Uramphisopus pearsoni Metatrichoniscoides celticus Caecidotea nickajackensis VU " D2 VU " D2 Nickajack Cave Isopod Australia United Kingdom " D2 VU Moserius USA Family SPHAEROMATmAE percoi VU '" D2 Monolistra bolei Lirceus culveri Slovenia '" Rye Cove Cave Isopod EN B1+2C VU " D2 Slovenia Order MICTACEA USA Monolistra calopyge '" Lirceus usdagalun VU D2 Family MICTOCARIDIDAE Slovenia Lee County Cave Isopod Mictocaris halope " Monolistra schottlaenderi EN Bl+2c CR '" Bl+2c '" USA VU D2 Bermuda Proasellus parvulus Italy VU '" D2 Monolistra spinosissima Order MISOPHRIOIDA Slovenia EN '" Bl+2bce Proasellus slovenicus Slovenia Family MISOPHRHDAE '" Thermosphaeroma cavicauda VU D2 Speleophria bivexilla « Bl+2c Slovenia CR CR '" B1+2C Mexico Family ATLANTASELLIDAE Bermuda Thermosphaeroma dugesi Speleophria scottodicarloi Atlantasellus cavemicolus " CR Bl+2c CR '• Bl+2c CR " Bl+2c Mexico Bermuda Bermuda Thermosphaeroma macrura " Family CIROLANIDAE CR Bl+2c Order MYODOCOProA Mexico Antrolana lira Family CYPRIDINroAE Madison Cave Isopod Thermosphaeroma milleri VU « D2 EN " B1+2C Zonocypretta kalimna USA Mexico Seed Shrimp " Arubolana imula Thermosphaeroma smithi VU D2 VU " D2 CR " Bl+2c Australia Aruba Mexico Bermudalana amboides Family STENASELLmAE Order MYSroACEA CR '* Bl+2c Mexistenasellus coahuila Family MYSIDAE Bermuda EN " Ale Mexilana saluposi Bermudamysis speluncola Mexico, USA " VU " D2 CR BI+2C Mexistenasellus nulemex Bermuda Mexico VU « D2 Platyops sterreri Speocirolana thermydromis Mexico '- " Ale CR Bl+2c EN Mexistenasellus parzefalli Mexico Bermuda Parzefall's Stenasellid Sphaerolana affinis VU « D2 EN " Ale Mexico Order NOTOSTRACA Mexico Mexistenasellus wilkensi Family TRIGPSmAE Sphaerolana interstitialis Wilken's Stenasellid EN " Ale VU " D2 Lepidurus packardi '= A2c Mexico Mexico EN USA Sphaerolana karenae Family TRICHONISCIDAE VU '= D2 Mexico Calconiscellus gotscheensis Order PODOCOProA VU '" D2 Family PHREATOICmAE Slovenia Family CYPRIDmAE Onchotelson brevicaudatus Haplophthalmus abbreviatus Kapcypriodopsis barnardi VU " D2 VU '" D2 CR " Ala Australia Slovenia South Africa

97 Threatened Species

Pseudocandona aemonae Family CARABIDAE Family CURCULIGNmAE '" VU D2 Carabus olympiae Gymnopholus lichenifer Slovenia VU "" Alacd+2c Lichen Weevil '»' Pseudocandona cavicola France [int], Italy VU Alc+2cd, D2 '" Papua New Guinea VU D2 Elaphrus viridis Slovenia Delta Green Ground Beetle Family DYTISCIDAE Pseudocandona pretneri '«' Bl+2abc+3a CR Acilius duvergeri '" D2 USA VU VU " Bl+2b Slovenia Family CERAMBYCIDAE Algeria, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Pseudocandona trigonelia Spain '" Cerambyx cerdo VU D2 Agabus clypealis Cerambyx Longicom Slovenia EN " Bl+2b VU "" Alc+2c Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Family LIMNOCYTHERroAE Algeria, Armenia?, Austria, Sweden Azerbaijan?, Czech Republic, Leucocythere helenae France, Georgia?, Germany, Agabus discicollis VU " D2 Hungary, Iran, Moldova?, Morocco, EN " Bl+2c South Africa Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzeriand, Ethiopia Limnocythere porphyretica Tunisia, Turkey?, Ukraine, United Agabus hozgargantae Seed Shrimp Kingdom? EN " Bl+2c " VU D2 Macrodontia cervicomis Spain Australia "" VU Ale Deronectes aljibensis Brazil, Peru Family NOTODROMADIDAE EN " Bl+2c Morimus funereus Spain Newnhamiafuscata '" VU Ale Deronectes depressicollis Seed Shrimp Belgium?, Czech Republic?, " " VU Bl+2c VU D2 Hungary, Moldova, Germany?, Spain Australia Romania, Slovakia?, Ukraine, Deronectes ferrugineus Newnhamia insolita Yugoslavia VU " B1+2C Seed Shrimp Rosalia alpina Portugal VU « D2 Rosalia Longicom Australia VU "" Ale Dytiscus latissimus " A2c, Bl+2a Algeria, Armenia, Austria, VU Belarus, Belgium (ex), Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Austria, Class INSECTA Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia Republic, Denmark?, France, Republic, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, (ex?), Czech Denmark, Finland, France (ex), Germany (ex), Order ANOPLURA Iran?, Israel, Italy, Jordan?, Lebanon?, Liechtenstein, Morocco, Hungary (ex?), Italy, Latvia, (ex), Netherlands (ex), Family HAEMATOPINIDAE Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Luxembourg Romania (ex?), Romania, Russia?, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Poland, Haematopinus oliveri Slovakia (ex?), Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Ukraine, Russia, Sucking Louse Pygmy Hog Yugoslavia Switzerland (ex?), Ukraine '»' CR Ale, Bl+2cd,E Craptodytes delectus India Family CICINDELroAE EN " B1+2C Cicindela columbica Spain (Canary Is) Order COLEOPTERA Columbia River Tiger Beetle Hydrotarsus compunctus VU '" Alc+2c CR " Bl+2c Family ANTHICIDAE USA Spain (Canary Is) Anthicus sacramento Cicindela puritana Hydrotarsus pilosus Sacramento Beetle Puritan Tiger Beetle EN " Bl+2c '»' EN BI+2c EN" Albc,B2cd+3c- Spain (Canary Is) USA USA Meladema imbricata " Family BUPRESTIDAE Family CUCUJIDAE CR Ale Spain (Canary Is) Buprestis splendens Cucujus cinnaberinus Meladema lanio Goldstreifiger VU '»' Ale VU " Bl+2b VU "" Ale Austria, Czech Republic?, Estonia?, Portugal (Madeira) Albania, Austria, Belarus?, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Latvia?, Denmark?, Finland, Greece, Poland?, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Rhantus alutaceus Russia?, Spain, Sweden?, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, EN " A2c Yugoslavia? Yugoslavia New Caledonia

98 Insects W

Rhithrodytes agnus Family SCARABAEffiAE Order DIPTERA EN " Bl+2c Aegialia concinna Portugal Family BLEPHAROCERmAE Ciervo Scarab Beetle Family ELMINTHIDAE VU '«' D2 Edwardsina gigantea USA Giant Torrent Midge Stenelmis gammoni EN '" B1+2C Aegialia crescenta Gammon's Riffle Beetle Australia VU '^ D2 Cresent Dune Scarab Beetle USA VU "" D2 Edwardsina tasmaniensis Tasmanian Torrent Midge [R. South Fork New] USA CR '" A2c, Bl+2c Family LEIODIDAE Osmoderma eremita Australia Hermit Beetle [R. Dennison] Glacicavicola bathysciodes VU '»' Ale Blind Cave Beetle Austria, Belarus?, Belgium, Czech Family PSYCHODmAE VU '«' BI+2c Republic, Denmark, Estonia?, Nemapalpus nearcticus USA Finland, France, Gennany, Greece, Sugarfoot Moth Fly Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, "" Family LUCANffiAE Lithuania?, Moldova?, Netherlands, EN Bl+2abcd Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, USA Colophon barnardi Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, EN '« Bl+2e Family TABANIDAE Ukraine, Yugoslavia South Africa Prodontria lewisi Brennania belkini Colophon berrisfordi Cromwell Chafer Belkin's Dune Tabanid Fly CR " Bl+2e '« CR '" Bl+2c VU A2ce South Africa New Zealand Mexico, USA Colophon cameroni Pseudocotalpa giulianii VU " Bl+2e Giuliani's Dune Scarab Beetle Order EPHEMEROPTERA South Africa VU '»' D2 Colophon cassoni USA Family SIPHLONURIDAE '» Bl+2e CR Tasmanophlebia lacus-coerulei South Africa Family SILPHTOAE Large Blue Lake Mayfly '" Colophon eastmani Nicrophorus americanus VU D2 " EN Bl+2e American Burying Beetle Australia South Africa CR '" Ale Colophon haughtoni Canada (ex), USA Order GRYLLOBLATTARIA EN " Bl+2e South Africa Family TENEBRIONmAE Family GRYLLOBLATTIDAE

Colophon montisatris Coelus globosus Grylloblatta chirurgica CR '" Bl+2e Globose Dune Beetle Mount St Helens' Grylloblattid South Africa VU '" Ale VU "" Alc+2c,D2 Mexico, USA Colophon neli USA VU '» Bl+2e Coelus gracilis South Africa San Joaquin Dune Beetle Order HYMENOPTERA "" Colophon primosi VU Ale, D2 Family FORMICIDAE CR '» Bl+2e USA South Africa Polposipus herculeanus Acanthomyops latipes Colophon stokoei Frigate Island Giant Tenebrionid VU '" D2 VU " Bl+2e Beetle USA '"' B1+2C South Africa CR Acanthomyops murphyi Seychelles Colophon thunbergi VU '" D2 EN " Bl+2e USA South Africa Order DERMAPTERA Adetomyrma venatrix Colophon westwoodi CR "" Bl+2c LABIDURffiAE VU " Bl+2e Family Madagascar South Africa Labidura herculeana Anergates atratulus Colophon whitei Saint Helena Earwig VU '" D2 EN '« Bl+2e CR "" Bl+2a France, Germany, Greece, Italy, South Africa St Helena Spain, Switzerland

99 Threatened Species

Aneuretus simoni Crematogaster creightoni Formicoxenus nitidulus '« '« Sri Lankan Relict Ant VU D2 VU A2c CR '" Bl+2c USA Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sri Lanka Doronomyrmex goesswaldi '« Sweden, Switzerland Anoplolepis nuptialis VU D2 Formicoxenus provancheri VU '" D2 Germany VU '« D2 South Africa Doronomyrmex kutteri '« Canada, USA Antichthonidris bidentatus VU D2 Germany Formicoxenus quebecensis VU '" D2 VU '« D2 Argentina Doronomyrmex pacts VU '" D2 Canada Aphaenogaster bidentatus Switzerland Formicoxenus sibiricus '" D2 VU VU '« D2 USA Doronomyrmex pocahontas VU '" D2 Russia Camponotus universitatis Canada Harapgoxenus zaisanicus '" VU D2 '« D2 Epimymra adlerzi VU France, Switzerland VU " D2 Mongolia Cardiocondyla zoserka Greece Harpagoxenus canadensis VU '« D2 '« Epimyrma africana VU D2 Nigeria VU '« D2 Canada, USA Cataglyphis hannae Algeria Harpagoxenus sublaevis " D2 '« VU Epimyrma algeriana VU A2c Tunisia VU '" D2 Austria, Freince, Germany, Italy, Switzerland Chalepoxenus brunneus Algeria '" VU D2 Epimyrma bernardi Kyidris media '" Algeria, Morocco VU '" D2 VU D2 Papua New Guinea Chalepoxenus kutteri Spain VU '" D2 Epimyrma Corsica Kyidris yaleogyna "" France VU '" D2 VU D2 Papua New Guinea Chalepoxenus muellerianus France VU "" D2 Epimyrma goridaghini Lasius reginae '« Italy VU "» D2 VU A2c Austria Chalepoxenus spinosus Russia VU '" D2 Epimyrma kraussei Leptothorax buschingeri '" Kazakhstan VU '« D2 VU D2 Italy Switzerland Chalepoxenus tarbinskii Leptothorax duloticus VU "" D2 Epimyrma ravouxi '« VU '" D2 Kyrgyzstan VU D2 France USA Chalepoxenus tauricus Epimyrma stumperi Leptothorax ergatogyna VU '" D2 "" VU '« D2 Ukraine VU D2 Switzerland France Chalepoxenus tramieri Epimyrma tamarae Leptothorax faberi VU "» D2 VU '" D2 VU '« D2 Morocco Georgia Canada Chalepoxenus zabelini Epimyrma zaleskyi Leptothorax minutissimus '" D2 '« VU VU '" D2 VU D2 Turkmenistan Czech Republic USA Conomyrma medeis Formica dirksi Manica parasitica VU '" D2 VU '" D2 VU '" D2 USA USA USA Conomyrma reginicola Formica talbotae Megalomyrmex symmetochus VU "» D2 VU '" D2 VU '« D2 USA USA Panama Crematogaster atilanica Formicoxenus chamberlini Monomorirm noualhieri VU '« D2 VU "' D2 VU "» D2 Guatemala USA Algeria

100 Insects w

Monomorium effractor Myrmica samnitica Plagiolepis grassei VU '" D2 VU "» D2 VU '« D2 India Italy France Monomorium hospitum Myrmica symbiotica Plagiolepis regis VU "» D2 VU '« D2 VU '" D2 Singapore Italy Russia

Monomorium inquilinum Myrmica winterae Pogonomyrmex anergismus VU '« D2 VU '« D2 VU '« D2 Mexico Switzerland USA Monomorium pergandei Nothomyrmecia macrops Pogonomyrmex colei '" '« VU D2 Australian Ant VU D2 USA USA CR '" B1+2C Monomorium santschU Australia Polyergus breviceps VU '» D2 VU "' D2 Oxyepoecus bruchi Tunisia USA VU « D2 Monomorium talbotae Argentina Polyergus lucidus VU " D2 VU '« D2 USA Oxyepoecus daguerrei USA VU '« D2 inquUina Polyergus nigerrimus Myrmecia Argentina VU '" D2 VU '« D2 Australia Oxyepoecus inquilina Russia VU '« D2 Myrmecoxenus gordiagini Polyergus samurai Argentina VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Russia, Yugoslavia Parapheidole oculta Japan VU '" D2 Myrmica bibikoffi Protomognathus americanus VU '« D2 Madagascar VU '« D2 Switzerland Pheidole acutidens USA '« Myrmica colax VU D2 Pseudoatta argentina VU '" D2 Argentina VU '« D2 USA Pheidole argentina Argentina Myrmica ereptrix VU '« D2 Pseudomyrmex leptosus VU "' D2 Argentina VU '" D2 India Pheidole elecebra USA Myrmica faniensis VU '" D2 Rhoptromyrmex mayri VU "» D2 USA VU '" D2 Belgium India Pheidole inquilina Myrmica hirsuta VU '" D2 Rhoptromyrmex schmitzi VU '" D2 USA VU '" D2 United Kingdom Israel Pheidole lanuginosa Rossomrymex proformicarum Myrmica kabylica VU "" D2 '« '" D2 VU D2 India VU Algeria Russia Pheidole microgyna Myrmica lampra Rossomyrmex minuchae VU '« D2 '" VU '" D2 VU D2 Guyana Canada Spain Pheidole neokohli Myrmica laurae Serrastruma inquilina VU '" D2 VU '« D2 VU '" D2 Zaire Italy Zaire Myrmica lemasnei Pheidole parasitica Solenopsis acuminata '" VU '« D2 VU D2 VU '" D2 India France, Spain Argentina Myrmica myrmicoxena Pheidole symbiotica Solenopsis daguerrei VU '« D2 VU '" D2 VU "" D2 Switzerland Argentina Argentina, Uruguay Myrmica quebecensis Plagiolepis ampeloni Solenopsis solenopsidis VU '" D2 VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Canada Austria Argentina

101 Threatened Species

Strongylognathus afer Strongylognathus minutus Agriades zullichi VU '<" D2 VU '" D2 EN " B1+2C Algeria Turkmenistan Spain Strongylognathus alboini Strongylognathus palaestinensis Alaena margaritacea VU "' D2 VU '" D2 VU " D2 Italy Israel South Africa Strongylognathus alpinus Strongylognathus pisarskii Aloeides caledoni VU '" D2 VU '« D2 VU " D2 Switzerland Italy South Africa Strongylognathus arnoldii Strongylognathus rehbinderi Aloeides carolynnae VU '« D2 VU '« D2 VU " D2 Russia Georgia South Africa Strongylognathus caecilia Strongylognathus ruzskyi Aloeides dentatis VU •« D2 VU '« D2 VU " D2 Spain Russia Lesotho, South Africa Strongylognathus cecconii Strongylognathus silvestrii Aloeides egerides VU '« D2 VU "» D2 VU " B1+2C Italy Greece South Africa

Strongylognathus chelifer Strumigenys xenos Aloeides kaplani VU '" D2 VU '" D2 VU " D2 Russia Australia, New Zealand South Africa Strongylognathus christophi Teleutomyrmex kutteri Aloeides lutescens '" VU '" D2 VU D2 VU " D2 Russia Spain South Africa Strongylognathus dalmaticus Teleutomyrmex schneideri Aloeides merces '" VU "" D2 VU D2 VU " D2 Switzerland Croatia France, South Africa Strongylognathus destefanii Tetramorium microgyna Aloeides nollothi '" VU '" D2 VU D2 VU " D2 South Africa, Zimbabwe Italy South Africa Tetramorium parasiticum Strongylognathus emeryi Aloeides nubilus '" VU "" D2 VU D2 VU " D2 South Africa Italy South Africa

Strongylognathus foreli A loeides pringlei Order LEPIDOPTERA VU "» D2 VU " D2 Algeria Family HESPERimAE South Africa Strongylognathus huberi Hesperia dacotae Aloeides rossouwi '» " VU D2 Dakota Skipper VU D2 Italy, Switzerland VU '" Alc+2c South Africa Strongylognathus insularis Canada, USA Arawacus aethesa VU '" D2 EN " Bl+2c Family LASIOCAMPffiAE Italy Brazil Phyllodesma ilicifolia Strongylognathus italicus Aslauga australis Small Lappet Moth VU '" D2 VU " D2 VU "" Ale Italy South Africa Austria?, Belarus?, Belgium, China, Strongylognathus karawajevi Czech Republic?, Denmark, Capys penningtoni '" " VU D2 Estonia?, Finland, France, Germany, VU D2 Ukraine Italy?, Japan, Kazakhstan?, Latvia?, South Africa Strongylognathus kervillei Lithuania?, Mongolia?, Norway?, Chrysoritis cotrelli VU '« D2 Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia?, CR " B1+2C Turkey Spain?, Sweden, Switzerland?, South Africa Ukraine? Strongylognathus koreanus Cyanophrys bertha VU '« D2 Family LYCAENTOAE VU " B1+2C

North Korea, South Korea Acrodipsas illidgei Brazil Strongylognathus kratochvilli Illidge's Ant-blue Erikssonia acraeina VU '" D2 EN " B1+2C VU " D2 Czech Republic Australia South Africa, Zaire, Zambia

102 Insects w

lolaus lulua Lepidochrysops wykehami Poecilmitis lyncurium White Spotted Sapphire VU " D2 Tsomo River Copper VU " D2 South Africa VU " D2 South Africa South Africa Lycaena hermes Joiceya praeclarus Hermes Copper Poecilmitis lyndseyae " EN '' B1+2C VU " D2 VU D2 Brazil Mexico, USA South Africa Poecilmitis orientalis Lepidochrysops badhami Nirodia belphegor " VU " D2 EN " Bl+2c VU D2 South Africa South Africa Brazil Poecilmitis penningtoni Lepidochrysops balli Orachrysops ariadne VU " D2 VU " D2 VU " D2 South Africa South Africa South Africa Poecilmitis pyramus Lepidochrysops jefferyi Orachrysops niobe VU " D2 VU " D2 " EN Bl+2c South Africa South Africa South Africa Poecilmitis rileyi Lepidochrysops littoralis Oxychaeta dicksoni EN " Bl+2c VU " D2 Dickson's Copper South Africa South Africa " Bl+2c EN Poecilmitis stepheni Lepidochrysops loewensteini South Africa VU " D2 VU " D2 Parahicia spinifera South Africa South Africa Bathurst Copper Poecilmitis swanepoeli Lepidochrysops lotana EN " Bl+2c EN " Bl+3d " CR Bl+2c Australia South Africa South Africa Phasis pringlei Poecilmitis trimeni Lepidochrysops oosthuizen VU " D2 VU " D2 VU " D2 South Africa South Africa South Africa Poecilmitis adonis Poecilmitis wykehami Lepidochrysops outeniqua VU " D2 VU " D2 " VU D2 South Africa South Africa South Africa Polyommatus galloi Poecilmitis azurius Higgin's Anomalous Blue Lepidochrysops penningtoni VU " D2 " EN " Bl+2c VU D2 South Africa South Africa Italy Poecilmitis balli Polyommatus golgus Lepidochrysops pephredo " VU D2 Sierra Nevada Blue VU '' D2 South Africa " South Africa EN B1+2C Poecilmitis daphne Spain Lepidochrysops poseidon VU " D2 VU " D2 Polyommatus humedasae South Africa Piedmont Anomalous Blue South Africa " Bl+2ce Poecilmitis endymion CR Lepidochrysops pringlei " Italy VU " D2 VU D2 South Africa Strymon avalona South Africa Avalon Hairstreak henningi Lepidochrysops quickelbergei Poecilmitis " " VU D2 VU " D2 VU D2 USA South Africa South Africa Thestor compassbergae Lepidochrysops swanepoeli Poecilmitis hyperion VU " D2 " VU " D2 VU D2 South Africa South Africa South Africa Thestor dryburghi

Lepidochrysops titei Poecilmitis Irene VU " D2 VU " Bl+2c VU " D2 South Africa Africa South Africa South Thestor kaplani Lepidochrysops victori Poecilmitis kaplani Kaplan's Thestor VU " D2 VU " D2 VU " D2 South Africa South Africa South Africa

103 Threatened Species

Thestar pringlei Euploea Cordelia Paralitica dannatti VU " D2 Cordelia's Crow Dannatt's Tiger South Africa VU '"' B1+2C VU "» B1-I-2C Indonesia Philippines Thestor rossouwi VU " D2 Euploea euphon Paralitica davidi South Africa Mascarene Crow David's Tiger

'»' "" Thestor stepheni VU B1+2C CR Ale, Bl+2abde, C2b VU " D2 Mauritius (ex) (Rodrigues), Reunion Philippines South Africa Euploea lacon Paralitica garamantis Thestor strutti Spartan Crow Angled Tiger VU " D2 VU '"' B1+2C VU '»' B1+2C South Africa Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Thestor swanepoeli Euploea magou Paralitica hypowattan VU " D2 the Magou Morishita's Tiger "" South Africa VU '»' B1+2C VU B1-H2C Indonesia Thestor tempe Indonesia " VU D2 Euploea mitra Paralitica kuekenthali South Africa Seychelles Crow Kuekenthal's Yellow Tiger '°= '»' EN B1-I-2C Thestor yildizae EN Bl+2c VU " B1+2C Seychelles Indonesia South Africa Paralitica marcia Euploea scherzeri Biak Tiger Trimenia wallengrenii Nicobar Crow EN "" Bl+2c Wallengren's Copper VU '»' B1+2C Indonesia EN " Bl+2c India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) South Africa Paralitica milagros Euploea tripunctata Milagros' Tiger Biak Threespot Crow EN '»' Bl+2c Family NYMPHALmAE EN "' B1+2C Philippines Indonesia Amauris comorana Paralitica philo Comoro Friar Heliconius nattereri Sumbawa Tiger EN '"' Bl+2c,C2b Natterer's Longwing VU '»' B1+2C Comoros CR '»' B1+2C Indonesia Amauris nossima Brazil Paralitica phyle Madagascar! Friar Idea electro Felder's Tiger VU '»' Bl+2c Electra's Tree-nymph VU '»' B1-H2C Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte VU '»' Bl+2c Philippines Amauris phoedon Philippines Paralitica schoenigi Mauritian Friar Idea tamhusisiana '"' Father Schoenig's Chocolate VU B1+2C Bedford-Russell's Tree-nymph EN '"' Bl-h2c Mauritius '»' VU Bl+2c Philippines Boloria acrocnema Indonesia Uncompahgre Fritillary Butterfly Paralitica sulewattan Ideopsis hewitsonii VU '" D2 Bonthain Tiger Hewitson's Small Tree-nymph EN '"' B1-H2C USA '»' EN Bl+2c Indonesia Euploea albicosta Indonesia Bialc Darl< Crow Paralitica timorica Ideopsis oberthurii EN '"' Bl+2c Timor Yellow Tiger '»' B1+2C "« Indonesia VU EN Bl+2c Indonesia Indonesia Euploea andamanensis Andaman Crow Paralitica clinias Paralitica toxopei VU "" B1+2C New Ireland Yellow Tiger Toxopeus' Yellow Tiger '°= B1-H2C '»' India (Andaman & Nicobar Is), VU VU B1-H2C Myanmar Papua New Guinea Indonesia

Euploea caespes Paralitica dahrerai Paralitica wegneri Murphy's Crow D'Abrera's Tiger Flores Tiger EN "" Bl+2c, C2a VU '»' Bl-h2c VU "" B1+2C Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia

104 Insects w

Tiradelphe schneideri Graphium procles Papilio moerneri Schneider's Surprise VU " A2c, D2 EN " Bl+2c EN ">' Bl+2c Malaysia Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Graphium sandawanum Papilio neumoegeni " Tirumala euploeomorpha EN " Bl+2ae VU Bl+2e, D2 Crow Tiger Philippines Indonesia VU "" Bl+2c Graphium stresemanni Papilio osmana Solomon Islands VU " Bl+2ad VU " Bl+2e, D2 Indonesia Philippines Family PAPILIONIDAE Ornithoptera aesacus Papilio phorbanta Atrophaneura atropos VU " D2 Papillon La Pature " VU " Ale, D2 Indonesia VU Bl+2ae Reunion Philippines Ornithoptera alexandrae Atrophaneura jophon Queen Alexandra's Birdwing Parides ascanius Fluminense Swallowtail Sri Lankan Rose EN " Bl+2c VU " Bl+2ac CR "' Bl+2ac Papua New Guinea Brazil Sri Lanka Ornithoptera croesus " Pamassius apollo Atrophaneura luchti EN Bl+2e Apollo " D2 Indonesia VU VU " Alcde Indonesia Ornithoptera meridionalis Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, " Atrophaneura schadenbergi EN Bl+2c Azerbaijan?, Bulgaria, China, Czech VU " Alc+2c Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Philippines Ornithoptera rothschildi Germany, Greece, Hungary?, Iran, Rothschild's Birdwing Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Battus zetides VU " D2 Liechtenstein, Mongolia, Zetides Swallowtail Netherlands?, Norway, Poland, Indonesia VU " Alc,Bl+2c Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Dominican Republic, Haiti Papilio aristophontes Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, EN " B1+2C Ukraine, Yugoslavia Bhutanitis ludlowi Comoros Ludlow's Bhutan Swallowtail Pamassius autocrator VU " D2 Papilio carolinensis VU " D2 " Bhutan VU D2 Afghanistan, Tajikistan Philippines Troides dohertyi Eurytides iphitas chikae Talaud Black Birdwing Yellow Kite Swallowtail Papilio " " Bl+2c VU " Alee EN Bl+2e VU Philippines Indonesia Brazil Papilio esperanza Troides prattorum Eurytides marcellinus VU " D2 VU " D2 Jamaican Kite Mexico Indonesia VU " B2bc+3d Jamaica Papilio homerus Homerus Swallowtail Family SPHEVGIDAE Graphium epaminondas EN " Bl+2cd Andamans Swordtail Euproserpinus wiesti Jamaica VU " A2e Prairie Sphinx Moth Papilio hospiton '" India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) CR Bl+2c Corsican Swallowtail USA Graphium idaeoides EN " Bl+2c VU " A2c France, Italy Order ODONATA Philippines Papilio jordani Graphium levassori Jordan's Swallowtail Family AESHNIDAE " EN Bl+2c VU " D2 Acanthaeshna victoria Comoros Indonesia VU '" B1+2C Graphium meeki Papilio leucotaenia Australia Meek's Graphium Cream-banded Swallowtail Aeshna meruensis VU " Bl+2cd VU " B1+2C EN '" Bl+2c Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda Tanzania Graphium megaera Papilio mangoura Aeshna persephone VU " A2c VU " B1+2C VU '^ B1+2C Philippines Madagascar USA

105 Threatened Species

Aeshna williamsoniana Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Zoraena sayi EN '=' Ale Ukraine?, United Kingdom, Florida Spiketail Dragonfly Mexico Yugoslavia? VU '" B1+2C Cephalaeschna acutifrons Enallagma camerunense USA '" '=' BI+2c VU B1+2C EN Family CORDULIIDAE India Cameroon Austrocordulia leonardi Oligoaeschna kunigamiensis Enallagma recurvatum CR '" B1-H2C EN '" B1+2C Barrens Bluet Damselfly Australia Japan (Nansei-shoto) VU '^ A2c USA Hemicordulia ogasawarensis Family AMPHIPTERYGroAE EN '" B1-H2C Ischnura gemina Amphipteryx agrioides Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) San Francisco Forktail Damselfly '" Ale EN EN '" A2e Hemicordulia okinawensis Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, USA VU '=3 B1+2C Honduras, Mexico Japan (Nansei-shoto) Megalagrion adytum Family CALOPTERYGmAE Adytum Damselfly Libellulosoma minuta '" Calopteryx syriaca VU '=' Bl+2c VU B1+2C Madagascar EN "' A2c USA (Hawaiian Is) Jordan, Syria, Turkey Megalagrion leptodemas Macromia ishidai '" Hetaerina rudis Leptodemas Damselfly EN Bl-^2c EN '-' Bl+2c EN '" Bl+2c Japan Guatemala, Mexico USA (Hawaiian Is) Macromia kubokaiya EN '" Bl+2c Family CHLOROCYPHmAE Megalagrion nigrolineatum Black-lined Damselfly Japan (Nansei-shoto) Rhinocypha hageni VU '" Bl+2c Macromia splendens EN '" Bl+2c USA (Hawaiian Is) Shining Macromia Dragonfly Philippines VU '" Bl+2c Megalagrion oahuense Rhinocypha UUimaculata France, Portugal, Spain Oahu Damselfly EN '" B1+2C VU " B1+2C Macromia urania Philippines '" USA (Hawaiian Is) EN Bl+2c Rhinocypha ogasawarensis Japan CR '-' Bl+2c Megalagrion oceanicum Oxygastra curtisii Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Oceanic Damselfly VU '" B1+2C Orange-spotted Emerald Rhinocypha uenoi '" USA (Hawaiian Is) VU Ale EN '" Bl+2c Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, (Nansei-shoto) Megalagrion pacificum Japan Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Pacific Damselfly Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom Family COENAGRIONIDAE VU '" B1+2C Somatochlora brevicincta Argiagrion leoninum USA (Hawaiian Is) VU '== D2 EN '" Bl+2c Megalagrion xanthomelas Canada Sierra Leone Orange-black Damselfly Somatochlora hineana Argiocnemis solitaria VU '" B1+2C Ohio Emerald Dragonfly CR '" Bl+2c USA (Hawaiian Is) '^' Bl-h2c Mauritius (Rodrigues) EN Mortonagrion hirosei USA Argiocnemis umbargae EN '" Bl+2c Somatochlora margarita EN '" Bl+2c Japan Cameroon Big Thicket Emerald Dragonfly Nehalennia pallidula VU '" D2 Boninagrion ezoin VU '" B1+2C USA CR '" Bl+2c USA Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Williamsonia lintneri Banded Bog Skimmer Dragonfly Coenagrion mercuriale Family CORDULEGASTERTOAE VU '^^ A2c Southern Damselfly Chlorogomphus iriomotensis '^ USA VU A2c EN '" Bl-f2c Albania?, Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Japan (Nansei-shoto) Family EPIOPHLEBIIDAE Bulgaria?, Czech Republic?, France, laidlawi Germany, Hungary?, Italy, Cordulegaster mzymtae Epiophlebia Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, VU '-' B1-I-2C Relict Himalayan Dragonfly Moldova?, Morocco, Netherlands, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, VU '" B1-H2C Portugal, Romania?, Slovakia?, Russia?, Turkey India, Nepal

106 Insects w

Family GOMPHTOAE Onychogomphus assimilis Brachythemis liberiensis VU ''-" Bl+2e CR '" Ale Asiagomphus yayeyamensis Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau '" EN B1+2C Turkey Japan Libellula angelina Onychogomphus macrodon CR '" Ale Burmagomphus sivalikensis '" EN Bl+2e Japan '" CR Ale Israel, Jordan, Turkey India Libellula jesseana Ophiogomphus acuminatus Purple Chaser Comigomphus guineensis VU '-' A2c VU '^ A2e EN '-' Ale USA USA Equatorial Guinea Ophiogomphus edmundo Lyriothemis tricolor Diaphlebia pallidistylus Edmund's Snaketail Dragonfly EN '^ Bl-H2e '" '-' EN Ale EN Bl+2e Japan (Nansei-shoto) Costa Rica USA Monardithemis flava Epigomphus camelus howei Ophiogomphus VU '" Bl-t-2c '-' EN Ale Howe's Midget Snaketail Dragonfly Angola, Zambia Costa Rica VU '^ A2c USA Palpopleura albifrons Epigomphus clavatus CR '" Ale EN '^' Ale Paragomphus sinaiticus Gabon Guatemala VU '^ A2e Trithemis hartwigi Egypt, Niger, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Epigomphus crepidus '» Sudan EN Ale '2' EN Ale Equatorial Guinea Mexico Progomphus bellei Belle's Sand Clubtail Trithemis nigra Epigomphus paulsoni '" VU '^ A2c CR Bl-H2e '^' EN Ale USA Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) Mexico Progomphus risi Family MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE Epigomphus subsimilis EN '" Ale '^' EN Ale Mexico Amanipodagrion gilliesi Costa Rica EN '-' B1-H2C Stylurus potulentus Tanzania Epigomphus verticornis Yellow-sided Clubtail '» EN Ale VU '" A2e Heteragrion eboratum Costa Rica USA EN '» Ale Guatemala, Honduras Gomphurus consanguis Stylurus townesi Cherokee Clubtail Dragonfly Bronze Clubtail Dragonfly Heteragrion tricellulare VU '" Bl+2e VU '" A2c EN '^' Ale USA USA Guatemala, Mexico Gomphurus lynnae Hypolestes clara Family HEMIPHLEBiroAE EN '-' Bl+2c EN '" Ale USA Hemiphlebia mirabilis Jamaica VU '" B1+2C Gomphus graslini Hypolestes trinitatis Australia VU '^ B1+2C EN '-' Ale France, Spain Family LESTIDAE Cuba Paraphlebia zoe Gomphus sandrius Indolestes boninensis '» Tennessee Clubtail Dragonfly CR '» Bl+2c EN Ale '=» Mexico EN Ale Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) USA Rhipidolestes okinawanus Family LIBELLULroAE Gomphus septima EN '^' BU2c Septima's Clubtail Dragonfly AHorhizucha campioni Japan (Nansei-shoto) '» VU B1+2C EN '" Ale Thaumatoneura inopinata USA Sierra L^one EN '" Ale Isomma hieroglyphicum Boninthemis insularis Costa Rica, Panama VU '" Ale CR ''-^ Bl+2c Family PETALURIDAE Madagascar Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Leptogomphus yayeyamensis Brachythemis fuscopalliata Petalura pulcherrima EN '" Bl+2e VU "^ Bl-h2e EN '" Bl-i-2e Japan (Nansei-shoto) Iraq, Israel, Turkey Australia

107 Threatened Species

Family PLATYCNEMIDroAE Miramella irena Cycloptilum irregularis VU '-' Bl+2d Keys Scaly Cricket Platycnemis mauriciana Hungary, Romania VU '" C2a, D2 CR '" Bl+2c USA Mauritius Odontopodisma montana VU '" Bl+2d Oecanthus laricis Family PLATYSTICXroAE Hungary, Romania Laricis Tree Cricket Palaemnema chiriquita Odontopodisma rubripes EN "' Bl+2b EN '-' Ale VU '^ Bl+2d USA Costa Rica Hungary ThauTTmtogryllus cavicola Palaemnema gigantula Schayera baiulus Volcanoes Cave Cricket '" EN Ale CR '^ Bl+2bd VU '^' D2 Costa Rica Australia USA (Hawaiian Is) Palaemnema melanota Spharagemon superbum Thaumatogryllus variegatus •=' Ale '^ EN VU Bl+2bd Kauai Thin-footed Bush Cricket Costa Rica USA VU '" Bl-h2bd paulicoba Palaemnema Stenobothrodes eurasius USA (Hawaiian Is) '" EN Ale VU '" Bl+2d Mexico Hungary, Romania Family RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE Palaemnema reventazoni Trimerotropis infantilis Daihinibaenetes arizonensis EN " Ale Zyantc Band-winged Grasshopper Arizona Giant Sand Treader Cricket Costa Rica EN '« Ale VU '^ Bl+2bd Family PSEUDOSTIGMAXroAE USA USA Trimerotropis occidentaloides Mecistogaster asticta Macrobaenetes kelsoensis Santa Monica Mountains VU '" Ale Kelso Giant Sand Treader Cricket Grasshopper Brazil VU '" Bl-H2bd EN '« Ale Mecistogaster pronoti USA '" USA CR Ale Macrobaenetes valgum Trimerotropis occulens Brazil Coachelia Giant Sand Treader Lompoc Grasshopper Cricket Family SYNLESTIDAE '" Ale EN '^ USA VU Bl+2bd Chlorolestes apricans USA EN '-' Bl+2ab Zubovskia banatica isolatum South Africa VU '" Bl-i-2d Tasmanoplectron '" Ecchlorolestes peringueyi Hungary, Romania VU Dl+2 EN '" Bl+2c Australia Family EUMASTACmAE South Africa Utabaenetes tanneri pinaleno Phylolestes ethelae Eumorsea Tanner's Black Camel Cricket Pinaleno Monkey Grasshopper VU '" Ale, Bl+2c VU '^ Bl-h2bd '^ Dominican Republic VU Bl+2bd USA USA Family STENOPELMATIDAE Order ORTHOPTERA Psychomastatix deserticola Desert Monkey Grasshopper Ammopelmatus kelsoensis Family ACRIDIDAE '" Bl+2bd VU Kelso Jerusalem Cricket USA Acrolophitus pulchellus VU '" Bl-^2bd Idaho Point-headed Grasshopper USA VU '" Bl+2bd Family GRYLLmAE Ammopelmatus muwu USA Caconemobius howarthi Port Conception Jerusalem Cricket Appalachia arcena Howarth's Cave Cricket VU '^ Bl-^2bd VU '^ D2 Michigan Bog Grasshopper USA VU '" Bl+2bd USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Caconemobius schauinslandi Deinacrida fallai Poor Knights Weta Chloaeltis aspasma Schauinsland's Bush Cricket '" Siskiyou Chloealtis Grasshopper VU '-' D2 VU D2 New Zealand VU '" Bl+2bd USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Caconemobius varius Deinacrida heteracantha Chortippus acroleucus Kaumana Cave Cricket Wetapunga VU '^ Bl-i-2bd VU '" Bl+2bd,C2a VU "" D2 Hungary, Romania USA (Hawaiian Is) New Zealand

108 Earthworms

Deinacrida rugosa Idiostatus middlekaufi Windbalea viride Stephens Island Weta Middlekauf s Shieldback Katydid VU '^ Bl+2bd '" VU D2 CR '=5 Bl+2bd Australia New Zealand USA Zaprochilus ninae Stenopelmatus cahuilaensis Isophya harzi VU '^ Bl+2bd Coachella Valley Jerusalem Cricket VU '^ Bl+2bd Australia VU '^ Bl+2bd Hungary, Romania USA Ixalodectes flectocercus Order PLECOPTERA Stenopelmatus navajo CR '^ Bl+2bd Family GRIPOPTERYGIDAE Navajo Jerusalem Cricket Australia VU '^ Bl+2bd Leptoperla Kawanphila pachomai cacuminis USA Mount Kosciusko Wingless EN '^ BH-2bd Stonefly VU "" D2 Family TETRIGIDAE Australia Australia Bienkotetrix Metrioptera domogledi transsylvanicus Riekoperla darlingtoni '^ VU '^ Bl+2bd VU Bl+2d Mount Donna Buang Wingless Hungary, Romania Hungary, Romania Stonefly Tetrix sierrana Nanodectes bulbicercus VU '" D2 '" Sierra Pygmy Grasshopper CR Bl+2bd Australia VU '^ D2 Australia USA Neduba longipennis Class ONYCHOPHORA Tettigidea empedonepia Santa Monica Shieldback Katydid Torreya Pygmy Grasshopper CR '=" Bl+2bd Order ONYCHOPHORA CR '" BI+2bd USA Family PERIPATBDAE USA Onconotus servillei '^ B2d+3b Macroperipatus insularis Family TETTIGONIIDAE VU Hungary, Romania EN '^= B1+2C Austrosaga Jamaica spinifer Pachysaga munggai VU '^ Bl+2bd VU '^ Bl+2bd Speleoperipatus spelaeus Australia '- Australia CR B1+2C Baetica ustulala Jamaica Pachysaga strobila VU '^ Bl+2bd CR '^ Bl+2bd Family PERIPATOPSEDAE Spain Australia Peripatoides indigo Banza nihoae Phasmodesjeeba VU '== Bl+2cd Nihoa Banza Conehead Katydid VU '^ B1+2C New Zealand VU '" Bl+2bd Australia Peripatoides suteri USA (Hawaiian Is) Psacadonotus insulanus VU '- Bl+2c Belocephalus micanopy EN '=' Bl+2bd New Zealand Big Pine Key Conehead Katydid VU '" Bl+2bd Australia Peripatopsis alba USA Psacadonotus seriatus EN '" Bl+2c VU '^ Bl+2bd South Africa Belocephalus sleighti Keys Short-winged Conehead Australia Tasmanipatus anophthalmus '" Katydid Saga pedo EN Bl+2bc VU '^ Bl+2bd Predatory Bush Cricket Australia USA VU '^ Bl+2bd Conocephaloides remotus Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?, Class OLIGOCHAETA Bulgaria, China?, Czech Republic, Remote Conehead Katydid France, Georgia, Germany?, VU '^ Bl+2bd Order HAPLOTAXIDA Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, USA (Hawaiian Is) Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Russia, Family KOMAREKIONIDAE Hemisaga elongata Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Komarekiona eatoni CR '^ Bl+2bd Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, '" Australia Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia VU B1+2C USA Hemisaga lucifer Throscodectes xederoides VU '^ Bl+2bd EN '" Bl+2bd Family MEGASCOLECBDAE Australia Australia Driloleirus americanus Hemisaga vepreculae Throscodectes xiphos Washington Giant Earthworm VU '" Bl+2bd EN '-' Bl+2bd VU '«' D2 Australia Australia USA

109 Threatened Species

Driloleirus maceljreshi Margaritifera margaritifera Elliptio fratern um Oregon Giant Earthworm EN '" Alce+2c EN » Alee VU '" D2 Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, USA Finland, France, Germany, USA Denmark, Elliptio nigella Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Megascolides australis Winged Spike Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Giant Gippsland Earthworm CR -' Ale Sweden, United Kingdom VU '" D2 USA Margaritifera marrianae Australia Elliptio spinosa Alabama Pearl Shell Altamaha Spinymussel Family TUBIFICIDAE -* EN Alc+2ce EN " Alee Phallodrilus macmasterae USA USA " B1+2C CR Family UNIONIDAE Elliptio steinstansana Bermuda Tar River Spinymussel Alasmidonta mccordi CR " Ale '-' Class POLYCHAETA CR Ale USA USA Elliptio waltoni

raveneliana -* Order (unknown) Alasmidonta EN Ale Appalacian Elktoe USA Family NERILLmAE CR -" Ale USA Elliptoideus sloatianus MesoneriUa prospera CR " Alee CR ' Bl+2c Alasmidonta robusta USA Cardina Elktoe Bermuda Epioblasma arcaeformis CR « A2e CR -' Ale USA Class BIVALVIA USA Alasmidonta wrightiana Epioblasma biemarginata Ochlockonee Arcmussel Order UNIONOIDA CR -' Ale CR '-' Alee USA Family HYRIIDAE USA Epioblasma brevidens Castalia martensi Amblema neislerii CR -* Alee VU "» Alae Fat Threeridge USA CR '-" Alee Brazil Epioblasma capsaeformis USA Diplodon dunkerianus CR -' Alee EN '™ Alae Arkansia wheeleri USA Ouachita Rock Pocketbook Brazil Epioblasma flexuosa ' Alee Diplodon expansus CR CR -' Ale USA VU "« Alae USA Brazil Cyprogenia aberti Epioblasma haysiana Diplodon fontaineanus Western Fan-shell CR '-' Ale -" Alee EN '»» Alae EN USA USA Brazil Epioblasma lenior Diplodon pfeifferi Cyprogenia stegaria CR " Ale VU '™ Alae Fanshell USA CR -* Alee Brazil Epioblasma lewisii USA Westralunio carteri CR -* Ale VU '" Alc,Bl+2bc Disconaias salinasensis USA ^ Australia EN Alee Epioblasma metastriata USA '' Alee Family MARGARITIFERroAE CR Dromus dromas USA Margaritifera auricularia Dromedary Pearly Mussel Epioblasma othcaloogensis '» Ale CR CR " Alee CR " Alce+2ce Belgium, Czech Republic, France, USA USA Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Elliptio area Epioblasma penita Kingdom EN -* Alee CR " Ale USA Margaritifera hembeli USA Louisiana Pearlshell Elliptio chipolaensis Epioblasma personata CR -* Ale CR '' Alee CR -•' Ale USA USA USA

110 Molluscs: mussels, clams

Epioblasma propinqua Lampsilis powellii Plethobasus cicatricosus CR ^' Ale Arkansas Fatmucket White Wartyback USA EN ^ Ale CR " Alee+2ce USA USA Epioblasma sampsonii CR -' Ale Lampsilis rafinesgueana Plethobasus cooperianus USA Neosho Mucket Orangefoot Pimpleback EN " Alee CR -* Alce+2ee Epioblasma stewardsonii USA USA CR -' Ale USA Lampsilis streckeri Pleurobema altum Speckled Pocketbook CR =' Ale Epioblasma turgidula " USA " CR Ale CR Ale USA USA Pleurobema avellanum =" Lampsilis virescens CR Ale Fusconaia cor Alabama Lampmussel USA Shiny Pigtoe CR -" Alce+2ee CR " Alc+2c Pleurobema bournianum USA -' USA CR Alee+2ee Lasmigona decorata USA Fusconaia cuneolus Carolina Heelsplitter Pleurobema chattanoogaense Fine-rayed Pigtoe -" " " CR Ale CR Alee+2ee CR Alce+2c USA USA USA Lemiox rimosus Pleurobema clava Fusconaia escambia Birdwing Pearlymussel Clubshell Narrow Pigtoe CR -" Alee CR -' Alee EN ^' Ale USA USA USA Lexingtonia subplana Pleurobema collina Fusconaia masoni CR " Ale James River Spinymussel Atlantic Pigtoe USA CR " Alee EN " Ale USA USA Medionidus acutissimus Alabama Moccasinshell Pleurobema curtum Hemistena lata " Alce+2ce Black Clubshell Cracking EN Pearlymussel USA CR -- Ale CR " Ale USA USA Medionidus mcglameriae -" Pleurobema flavidulum CR Alee = Lampsilis abrupta USA CR Ale Pink Mucket USA EN " Alee Medionidus parvulus Pleurobema furvum USA Coosa Moccasinshell Dark Pigtoe ' Alce+2ee CR -- Lampsilis altiUs USA CR Alce+2ce Fine-lined Pocketbook USA " Alee Medionidus penicillatus EN Pleurobema georgianum USA - Alce+2ce CR Southern Pigtoe USA Lampsilis binominata CR -' Alee+2ee Lined Pocketbook Medionidus simpsonianus USA « " CR Ale CR Alee Pleurobema gibberum USA USA Cumberland Pigtoe Lampsilis cariosa Medionidus walkeri CR -* Alce+2ce,Bl+2e Yellow Lampmussel EN -' Alee USA EN " Ale USA Pleurobema hagleri USA ^' Obovaria retusa CR Ale Lampsilis dolabraeformis Ring Pink USA VU " Bl+2bed CR " Alee+2ee Pleurobema hanleyianum USA USA CR ^' Ale USA Lampsilis higginsii Pegiasfabula Higgin's Eye Littlewing Pearlymussel Pleurobemajohannis EN » Alce+2ee CR " Alce+2ee CR 2- Ale USA USA USA

111 Threatened Species

Pleurobema marshalli Ptychobranchus greenii Tridacna rosewateri '" Flat Pigtoe Triangular Kidneyshell VU A2cd " CR =' Alce+2ce CR Ale Mauritius USA USA Tridacna tevoroa Tevoro Clam Pleurobema murrayense Ptychobranchus jonesi "" Bl+2c CR " Ale Southern Kidneyshell VU USA CR -' Ale Fiji, Tonga USA Pleurobema nucleopsis Quadrula couchiana Class GASTROPODA ' Ale CR -' USA CR Ale USA Order Pleurobema oviforme Quadrula fragosa ARCHAEOGASTROPODA Tennessee Clubshell Winged Mapleleaf " VU Bl+2e CR " Ale Family HELICCVroAE USA USA Helicina rostrata Pleurobema perovatum Quadrula sparsa EN '" Bl+2e Ovate Clubshell Appalachian Monkeyface Guatemala, Nicaragua CR =• Ale -' CR Ale Ogasawarana chichijimana USA USA CR '" A2ee Pleurobema plenum Quadrula stapes Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Rough Pigtoe Stirrupshell Ogasawarana habei ' -" Ale CR Alee CR CR '" A2ee USA USA Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Pleurobema rubellum Quadrula tuberosa Ogasawarana metamorpha -" Ale Warrior Pigtoe CR CR '" A2ee CR -' Ale USA Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) USA Quincuncina mitchelli Ogasawarana rex False Spike Pleurobema strodeanum CR '" A2ce CR ^' Ale VU -' Alc+2c Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) USA USA Ogasawarana yoshiwarana Toxolasma cylindrellus Pleurobema taitianum CR '" A2ce '-' Ale CR Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Heavy Pigtoe USA -' CR Ale Family HYDROCENIDAE USA Georissa laseroni Pleurobema troschelianum Order VENEROmA VU '" Bl+2c, D2 -' Ale CR Family TRIDACNIDAE Australia USA Tridacna derasa Monterissa gowerensis Pleurobema verum "" Southern Giant Clam VU D2 True Pigtoe VU '"' A2cd Australia CR " Ale Fiji, Freneh Polynesia?, Australia, Family NERIXmAE USA Guam, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Popenaias popeii Northern Marianas, Palau, Papua Neritina tiassalensis CR " Ale New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon CR " Bl+2e USA Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu Cote d'lvoire Tridacna gigas Potamilus amphichaenus Family TURBINIffiAE Giant Clam Texas Heelsplitter VU "" A2ed Astraea heliotropium -' EN Bl+2e CR '* A2e USA Australia, Federated States of Mieronesia, Fiji (ex?), Guam (ex?), New Zealand Potamilus capax Indonesia, Japan (Nansei-shoto Marshall Fat Pocketbook (ex?)), Kiribati, Malaysia, Order BASOMMATOPHORA CR " Ale Islands, Myanmar, New Caledonia USA (ex?). Northern Marianas (ex?), Family ACROLOXroAE Palau, Papua New Guinea, coloradensis Potamilus inflatus Philippines, Solomon Islands, Acroloxus Alabama Heelsplitter Taiwan (ex?), Thailand, Tuvalu, Rocky Mountain Capshell -' EN -" Ale, Bl+2c USA [int] (Hawaiian Is [int]), VU Bl+2c USA Vanuatu (ex?) USA

112 Molluscs: snails

Family ANCYLmAE Family FLANORBmAE Neoplanorbis tantillus CR -' Alce+2e Ancylus ashangiensis Afrogyrus rodriguezensis USA EN " Bl+2c EN " Bl+2abcd Neoplanorbis Ethiopia Mauritius (Rodrigues) umbilicatus =* [L. Ashangi] CR Alce+2e Afrogyrus starmuehlneri USA Ferrissia mcneili EN " Bl+2abed Planorbella magnifica Hood Ancylid Madagascar Magnificent Ramshom VU -* Alce+2c Amphigyra alabamensis =" USA VU Alee Shoal Sprite USA Rhodacme elatior -* CR Alce+2e Planorbella multivolvis Domed Ancylid USA Acorn Ramshom VU ^' Alce+2e Ancylastrum VU -* Alee USA cumingianus Australian Freshwater Limpet USA Rhodacme filosa CR '" Ale Family SIPHONARIIDAE Wicker Ancylid Australia VU =- Alee Siphonaria compressa Biomphalaria barthi USA CR "» Bl+2c CR " Bl+2c South Africa Family CARYCffllDAE Ethiopia Biomphalaria tchadiensis Zospeum biscaiense Order MESOGASTROPODA " VU '" D2 VU B2c+B3b Chad Family ACICULffiAE Spain [L. Chad] Acicula norrisi '" Family GLACmORBIDAE Bulinus camerunensis VU D2 " Gibraltar Glacidorbis occidentalis VU BI+2abcd VU '» D2 Cameroon Acicula palaestinensis VU ^ D2 Australia Bulinus nyassanus Israel VU " B1+2C Family LYMNAEffiAE Malawi Platyla foliniana " Lantzia carinata [L. Malawi] VU D2 » France CR Bl+2c Bulinus succinoides Platyla Reunion EN » Bl+2c lusitanica VU '" D2 Stagnicola bonnevillensis Malawi Portugal VU " Alce+2e [L. Malawi] Renea bourguignatiana USA Bulinus transversalis VU -•> D2 Stagnicola utahensis VU " Bl+2c France, Italy Thickshell Pondsnail Kenya, Uganda Renea gormonti '" Victoria] CR AIce+2e [L. ™ USA VU D2 Ceratophallus socotrensis France " Family PHYSmAE CR Bl+2c Renea moutoni Yemen (Socotra) VU ^' D2 Physella microstriata Glyptophysa petiti France Fish Lake Physa EN =* Alee Renea paillona VU ^' Alee New Caledonia =' USA VU D2 Gyraulus cockbumi France Physella spelunca CR " Bl+2c Renea singularis Cave Physa Yemen (Socotra) VU -' D2 VU " Alee USA Gyraulus mauritianus France VU " D2 Physella utahensis Family AMPULLARIDAE Mauritius Utah Physa Lanistes alexandri VU -' Alee+2e Neoplanorbis carinatus EN " Bl+2abcd USA CR -• Alce+2e Tanzania USA Wami] Physella zionis JR. Wet Rock Physa Neoplanorbis smithi Lanistes bicarinatus VU " Alee CR " Alce+2e VU " D2 USA USA Zaire

113 Threatened Species

[R. Zaire] Angrobia grampianensis Beddomeia capensis '" "» Lanistes farleri CR B1+2C EN Ale EN " Bl+2abcd Australia Australia Tanzania Angrobia petterdi Beddomeia fallax '» "» Lanistes intortus VU D2 EN Ale VU " D2 Australia Australia Zaire Antrobia culveri Beddomeia forthensis [R. Zaire] Tumbling Creek Cavesnail VU '" D2 '" Lanistes nasutus EN Bl+2bc Australia EN " Bl+2c USA Beddomeia franklandensis Malawi, Mozambique Antrorbis breweri VU "» D2 [L. Malawi] VU '" B1+2C Australia Lanistes neavei USA Beddomeia fromensis VU " B2c+B3bc Aphaostracon asthenes VU "« D2 Zaire, Zambia Blue Spring Hydrobe Australia VU =- D2 Lanistes neritoides Beddomeia fultoni CR » B1+2C USA VU "» D2 Congo Aphaostracon monas Australia Wekiwa Hydrobe Lanistes nyssanus Beddomeia gibba =' D2 EN " Bl+2c VU VU "« D2 USA Malawi, Mozambique Australia [L. Malawi] Aphaostracon pycnum Beddomeia hallae Dense Hydrobe Lanistes solidus VU "« D2 " VU =• D2 EN Bl+2c Australia Malawi, Mozambique USA Beddomeia hullii [L. Malawi] Aphaostracon xynoelictum VU "» D2 Fenney Spring Hydrobe Lanistes stuhlmanni Australia EN " Bl+2abcd VU =' D2 Beddomeia inflata Tanzania USA VU "« D2 Arganiella exilis PUa speciosa Australia VU " Bl+2bc VU '' D2 Beddomeia kershawi Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia France VU "« D2 Assiminea inflrma Family ASSIMINEroAE Australia Badwater Snail Austroassiminea letha VU '" B1+2C Beddomeia kessneri VU "» D2 USA VU '» D2 Australia Australia Assiminea pecos Omphalotropis hieroglyphica Pecos Assiminea Beddomeia krybetes EN ™ Bl+2ab EN '" Bl+2c VU '» D2 Mauritius USA Australia Family CYCLOPHORTOAE Beddomeia angulata Beddomeia launcestonensis "» VU ''« D2 VU D2 Adelopoma stolli Australia Australia EN '" Bl+2c averni Beddomeia lodderae Guatemala, Nicaragua Beddomeia VU "« D2 VU " D2 Ditropis whitei Australia Australia VU '*' Bl+2c,D2 Beddomeia bellii Beddomeia mesibovi Australia VU "» D2 VU '» D2 Family HYDROBIIDAE Australia Australia Alzoniella hartwigschuetti Beddomeia bowryensis Beddomeia minima VU " Bl+2c VU "« D2 EN "» Ale Austria Australia Australia Angrobia anodonta Beddomeia briansmithi Beddomeia petterdi VU '» D2 VU '» D2 VU '» D2 Australia Australia Australia Angrobia dyeriana Beddomeia camensis Beddomeia phasianella VU '" D2 VU '» D2 VU "" D2 Australia Australia Australia

114 Molluscs: snails

Beddomeia protuberata Belgrandiella pyrenaica Bythiospeum quenstedti VU "» D2 VU =' D2 VU '" B1+2C Australia France Germany

Beddomeia ronaldi Belgrandiella slovenica Bythiospeum reisalpense VU "" D2 VU "" D2 EN " BI+2C Australia Slovakia Austria

Beddomeia salmonis Belgrandiella styriaca Bythiospeum sandbergeri '» '" VU D2 CR Bl+2b VU '" B1+2C Australia Austria Germany Beddomeia tasmanica Belgrandiella wawrai Bythiospeum tschapecki VU "» D2 CR ™ Bl+2c, C2a EN " Bl+2c Australia Austria Austria Beddomeia topsiae Bythinella badensis VU "» D2 VU '" B1+2C Cincinnatia helicogyra Crystal Siltsnail Australia Germany VU '" B1+2C Beddomeia trochiformis Bythinella bavarica USA VU '" D2 VU '" B1+2C Australia Germany Cincinnatia mica Ichetucknee Siltsnail Beddomeia tumerae Bythinella bicarinata '" B1+2C '" » VU VU D2 CR Alee USA Australia France Cincinnatia monroensis Beddomeia waterhouseae Bythinella compressa Enterprise Siltsnail VU '» D2 VU '" B1+2C VU '" B1+2C Australia Germany USA Beddomeia wilmotensis Bythinella cylindrica VU '» D2 VU ™ B1+2C Cincinnatia parva Siltsnail Australia Austria Pygmy VU '" B1+2C Beddomeia wiseae Bythinella dunkeri USA VU '» D2 VU '" B1+2C Australia Belgium, Germany Cincinnatia ponderosa Ponderous Siltsnail Beddomeia zeehanensis Bythinella padiraci VU '" B1+2C VU '™ D2 VU ^^ D2 USA Australia France

Belgrandiella alticola Bythinella viridis Cincinnatia vanhyningi VU '" D2 VU ^ D2 Seminole Siltsnail '" Slovakia Belgium, France VU Bl+2c USA Belgrandiella austriana Bythiospeum acicula CR ™ B1+2C VU '" B1+2C Cincinnatia wekiwae Austria Germany Wekiwa Siltsnail '" Bl+2c Belgrandiella bojnicensis Bythiospeum articense VU USA VU '" D2 VU * D2 Slovakia France Clappia cakabensis Belgrandiella fuchsi Bythiospeum cisterciensorum Cahaba Pebblesnail VU ™ D2 CR ™ B1+2C CR '" Alce+2e Austria Austria USA Belgrandiella ganslmayri Bythiospeum gamieri Coahuilix hubbsi CR " B1+2C VU " D2 Coahuilix de Hubbs Snail Austria France CR '" A2ce Mexico Belgrandiella mimula Bythiospeum geyeri CR ™ B1+2C EN '" B1+2C Cochliopa texana Austria Austria Phantom Cavesnail '" Belgrandiella parreyssi Bythiospeum noricum VU Bl+2c CR '" Bl+2b EN '" B1+2C USA Austria Austria Cochliopina milleri Belgrandiella pelerei Bythiospeum pfeifferi Miller's Snail CR ™ BI+2C EN '" B1+2C VU '" D2 Austria Austria Mexico

115 Threatened Species

Durangonella coahuilae Iglica kleinzellensis Moitessieria locardi Durangonella de Coahuila Snail EN " B1+2C VU -' D2 VU '" D2 Austria France Mexico Jardinella acuminata Nanocochlea monticola Fissuria bovi EN "» Alee VU "» D2 VU =' D2 Australia Australia France Jardinella carnarvonensis Nanocochlea pupoidea Fonscochlea accepta VU '" D2 VU "« D2 "« VU D2 Australia Australia Australia Jardinella colmani Palacanthilhiopsis vervierii Fonscochlea aquatica CR "» Alee VU -" D2 "« VU D2 Australia France Australia Paladilhia Jardinella coreena pleurotoma « Fonscochlea billakalina VU "« D2 VU D2 "« France EN Alee Australia Australia Paladilhiopis bourguignati Jardinella corrugata VU ^' D2 Fonscochlea conica VU "« D2 '" D2 France VU Australia Australia Paludiscala caramba Jardinella edgbastonensis Fontigens Paludiscala de Oro Snail turritella VU '» D2 Greenbrier Cavesnail VU '" D2 Australia VU " D2 Mexico USA Jardinella eulo Phrantela annamurrayae "» VU D2 '" Graziana klazenfurtensis VU D2 Australia EN " B1+2C Australia Austria Jardinella exigua Phrantela conica VU "« D2 '" Hauffenia kerschneri VU D2 Australia EN " Bl+2c Australia Austria Jardinella isolata Phrantela kutikina "« '" Hauffenia wienerwaldensis VU D2 VU D2 EN " B1+2C Australia Australia Austria Jardinella jesswiseae Phrantela pupiformis '" Hemistoma beaumonti EN "» Alee VU D2 EN '» Alee Australia Australia Australia Jardinella pallida Phrantela umbilicata "« '" D2 Hemistoma flexicolumella EN Alee VU VU "« D2 Australia Australia Australia Jardinella zeidlerorum Phreatodrobia imitata Mimic Cavesnail Hemistoma minutissima VU '" D2 VU '-' D2 VU "« D2 Australia USA Australia Lepyrium showalteri Plagigeyeria conilis Hemistoma pusillior Flat Pebblesnail VU -' D2 EN '» Alee VU =' D2 France Australia USA Pseudamnicola anteisensis Hemistoma whiteleggei Litthabitella elliptica VU =' D2 CR "» Alee VU » D2 France Australia France Pseudamnicola klemmi Heterocyclus perroquini Lobaunia danubialis VU » D2 =" " Bl+2c EN A2e EN France New Caledonia Austria Sadleriana pannonica Heterocyclus petiti Moitessieria Corsica VU "' D2 =' ^' EN A2e VU D2 Hungary, Slovakia New Caledonia France (Corsica) Stiobia nana Hydrobia scamandri Moitessieria juvenisanguis Sculpin Snail =' VU D2 VU -» D2 VU =" D2 France France USA

116 Molluscs: snails

Trochidrobia inflata Elimia brevis Elimia olivula EN "« Alee Short-spired Elimia Caper Elimia Australia CR -' Alce+2e VU '-' Alee Trochidrobia minuta USA USA "' VU D2 Elimia capillaris Elimia pilsbryi Australia Spindle Elimia Rough-lined Elimia Trochidrobia smithi VU " Alee CR -> Alce-i-2e VU "« D2 USA USA Australia Elimia clausa Elimia porrecta Victodrobia burnt Closed Elimia VU '-' Alee VU "» D2 CR -" Alee+2e USA Australia USA Elimia pupaeformis Victodrobia elongata Elimia crenatella Pupa Elimia '=» VU D2 Lacy Elimia CR -* Alce-H2e Australia VU -•' Alee USA Victodrobia millerae USA Elimia pybasi VU "« D2 Elimia fascinans VU -* Alee Australia Banded Elimia USA -' Family NEOCYCLOXmAE VU Alee USA Elimia pygmaea Amphicyclotulus liratus Pygmy Elimia VU =' D2 Elimia fusiformis CR " Alee-l-2e Martinique Fusiform Elimia USA CR -* Alce-H2e Amphicyclotulus perplexus USA Elimia strigosa VU ^' D2 VU -' Alee Guadeloupe Elimia haysiana USA Silt Elimia Family PLEUROCERTOAE VU -•• Alee Elimia teres USA VU -' Alee Elimia acuta USA VU =' Alee Elimia hydei USA Gladiator Elimia Elimia troostiana -" Elimia alabamensis VU -' Alee VU Alee Mud Elimia USA USA '' Alee VU Elimia impressa Elimia vanuxemiana USA Constricted Elimia Cobble Elimia -• Elimia albanyensis CR » Alee-t-2e CR Alce-i-2e Black-crest Elimia USA USA " Alee VU Elimia varians USA Elimia interrupta Knotty Elimia Puzzle Elimia Elimia ampla -' VU -' Alee CR Alce-H2e Round Rocksnail USA USA CR » Alce+2e USA Elimia interveniens Gyrotoma excisa Slowwater Elimia Excised Slitshell Elimia annettae -' VU '-' Alee CR Alce-H2e Lily Shoals Elimia USA USA CR -* Alce+2e USA Elimiajonesi Gyrotojna lewisii Hearty Elimia Striate Slitshell Elimia aterina -' -' Alee-h2e " CR Alce-H2e CR VU Alee USA USA USA Gyrotoma pagoda Elimia bellula Elimia laeta Pagoda Slitshell Walnut Elimia Ribbed Elimia -' CR -" Alce-h2e VU -' Alee CR Alce+2e USA USA USA Elimia boykiniana Elimia nassula Gyrotoma pumila Flaxen Elimia Round-rib Elimia Ribbed Slitshell -' VU -' Alee VU '-' Alee CR Alee-f2e USA USA USA

117 Threatened Species

Gyrotoma pyramidata Leptoxis plicata Pleurocera alveare Pyramid Slitshell Plicate Rocksnail Rugged Homsnail CR " Alce+2e VU " Alee VU -' Alee USA USA USA Gyrotoma walkeri Leptoxis praerosa Pleurocera annulifera Round Slitshell Onyx Rocksnail Ringed Homsnail CR -' Alce+2e VU " A2ce, Bl+2c VU -" Alce+2e USA USA USA lofluvialis Leptoxis showalterii Pleurocera brumbyi Spiny River Snail CR -' Alce+2e Spiral Homsnail EN ^ Bl+2c USA VU " Alce+2e USA Leptoxis taeniata USA Leptoxis ampla Painted Rocksnail Pleurocera corpulenta VU ' Alee VU '-' Alee Corpulent Homsnail USA USA VU " Alee USA Leptoxis clipeata Leptoxis torrefacta Agate Rocksnail CR " Alee+2e Pleurocera curta CR -' Alee+2e USA Shortspire Homsnail VU -" Alee USA Leptoxis virgata USA Leptoxis compacta Smooth Rocksnail Oblong Rocksnail VU =' Alce+2c Pleurocera foremani CR -' Alce+2e USA Rough Homsnail VU =* Alee USA Leptoxis vittata USA Leptoxis crassa Striped Rocksnail Boulder Snail CR -' Alee+2e Pleurocera postelli VU " D2 USA VU » Alee USA USA Lithasia armigera Leptoxis formanii Armored Rocksnail Pleurocera pyrenella CR -' Alce+2e VU '-' Alee Skirted Homsnail USA USA VU '-' Alee USA Leptoxis formosa Lithasia carta Maiden Rocksnail Knobby Rocksnail Pleurocera showalteri Upland Homsnail CR -• Alce+2e VU » Alee USA USA VU " Alce+2e USA Leptoxis ligata Lithasia duttoniana Rotund Rocksnail Helmet Rocksnail Pleurocera walkeri Telescope Homsnail CR » Alce+2e VU -" Alee USA USA VU -' Alce+2e USA Leptoxis lirata Lithasia geniculata Lyrate Rocksnail Ornate Rocksnail Family POMATIASmAE -•' Alce+2e " Alee CR VU Tropidophora articulata USA USA EN '" Bl+2e Leptoxis melanoidus Lithasia jayana Mauritius (Rodrigues) Black Mudalia Rocksnail Rugose Tropidophora deburghiae -' " CR Alce+2e VU Alee EN '" Bl+2e USA USA Madagascar Leptoxis minor Lithasia lima Family Knob Mudalia Warty Rocksnail POMATIOPSIDAE VU " Alce+2e VU -' Alee Fenouilia kreitneri USA USA CR » A2ee Leptoxis occultata Lithasia salebrosa China Bigmouth Rocksnail Muddy Rocksnail [L. Dali] CR » Alee+2e VU -* Alee Tomicha natalensis USA USA CR " Bl+2abed Leptoxis picta Lithasia verrucosa South Africa Spotted Rocksnail Varicose Rocksnail Tomicha rogersi VU = Alee VU '-' Alee EN " Bl+2abcd USA USA South Africa

118 Molluscs: snails

Tricula montana Hirthia globosa \L. Tanganyika] " EN Bl+2ce EN " Bl+2c Stormsia minima India Tanzania, Zaire EN " Bl+2c [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire Family PUPINIDAE Hirthia littorina [L. Tanganyika] " Hedleya macleayi EN Bl+2c Syrnolopsis gracilis VU '*' D2 Tanzania, Zaire EN " Bl+2c Australia [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire Suavocallia splendens Lavigera grandis [L. Tanganyika] " VU "" D2 EN Bl+2c Syrnolopsis lacustris Australia Tanzania, Zaire EN -" B1+2C [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire Family THIARmAE Lavigera nassa [L. Tanganyika] Anceya giraudi EN " Bl+2c Syrnolopsis minuta EN " Bl+2c Tanzania, Zaire EN " Bl+2c Tanzania, Zaire [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire [L. Tanganyika] Limnotrochus thomsoni [L. Tanganyika] » Anceya terebriformis EN Bl+2c Tanganyicia rufofilosa EN " B1+2C Tanzania, Zaire EN " Bl+2c Tanzania, Zaire [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire [L. Tanganyika] Martelia tanganyicensis [L. Tanganyika] " Bathanalia howesi EN B1+2C Tiphobia horei EN " Bl+2c Tanzania, Zaire EN » B1+2C [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire Tanzania, Zaire [L. Tanganyika] Mysorelloides multisulcata [L. Tanganyika] EN " B1+2C Bathanalia straeleni Family VALVATIDAE " Tanzania, Zaire EN Bl+2c virens [L. Tanganyika] Valvata Tanzania, Zaire VU -' Alee Paludomus [L. Tanganyika] ajanensis USA EN " Bl+2abcd Bridouxiana giraudi Seychelles Family VTVIPARroAE EN " Bl+2c Tanzania, Zaire Paramelania damoni Bellamya constricta " " [L. Tanganyika] EN Bl+2c EN BI+2abcd Tanzania, Zaire Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Bridouxiana leucoraphe [L. Tanganyika] [L. Victoria] EN " B1+2C Paramelania irridescens Tanzania, Zaire Bellamya contractu EN " Bl+2c " [L. Tanganyika] EN Bl+2c Tanzania, Zaire Zaire Bridouxiana ponsonbyi Tanganyika] [L. Bellamya costulata EN " B1+2C Reymondia horei EN " Bl+2abcd Tanzania, Zaire EN " Bl+2c Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire [L. Victoria] Bridouxiana praeclara [L. Tanganyika] Bellamya crawshayi EN " Bl+2c Reymondia pyramidalis EN " Bl+2abcd Tanzania, Zaire EN " B1+2C Zaire, Zambia [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire [L. Mweru] Bridouxiana rotundata [L. Tanganyika] Bellamya ecclesi " EN Bl+2c Reymondia tanganyicensis EN " Bl+2abcd Tanzania, Zaire EN " Bl+2c Malawi, Mozambique [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire [L. Malawi]

Bridouxiana smithiana jl^. Tanganyika] Bellamya jeffreysi EN " B1+2C Spekia zonata EN " Bl+2abcd Tanzania, Zaire EN " Bl+2c Malawi, Mozambique [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire [L. Malawi] Chytra kirki [L. Tanganyika] Bellamyajucunda EN " B1+2C Stanleya neritinoides EN " Bl+2abcd Tanzania, Zaire EN » B1+2C Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda [L. Tanganyika] Tanzania, Zaire |U. Victoria]

119 Threatened Species

Bellamya leopoldvillensis Conus nobrei Achatinella lila EN " Bl+2abcd VU =' D2 CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde Zaire Angola USA (Hawaiian Is) Bellamya liberiana Conus zebroides Achatinella lorata CR " Bl+2c VU » D2 CR " Alee, Bl+2abede Liberia Angola USA (Hawaiian Is) Bellamya monardi Achatinella mustelina EN " Bl+2abcd Order STYLOMMATOPHORA CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde Angola, Namibia USA (Hawaiian Is) Family ACAVffiAE Bellamya mweruensis Achatinella phaeozona EN " Bl+2abcd Ampelita julii CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde " Zaire, Zambia EN Bl+2abc USA (Hawaiian Is) [L. Mweru] Madagascar Achatinella pulcherrima " Bellamya pagodiformis Ampelita soulaiana CR Alee, Bl+2abcde " EN " Bl+2abcd VU D2 USA (Hawaiian Is) Zaire, Zambia Madagascar Achatinella pupukanioe [L. Mweru] Ampelita fulgurata CR »' Alee, Bl+2abcde " Bellamya phthinotropis EN Bl+2abc USA (Hawaiian Is) EN " Bl+2abcd Madagascar Achatinella sowerbyana Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Clavator moreleti CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde [L. Victoria] VU " Bl+2c USA (Hawaiian Is) Bellamya robertsoni Madagascar Achatinella stewartii " " Alee, Bl+2abcde EN Bl+2abcd Family ACHATINELLroAE CR Malawi, Mozambique USA (Hawaiian Is) Achatinella apexfulva (L. Malawi] Achatinella swiftii CR »' Ale Bellamya rubicunda CR »' Alee, Bl+2abede USA (Hawaiian Is) EN " Bl+2abcd USA (Hawaiian Is) Uganda, Zaire Achatinella bellula Achatinella taeniolata »' Alee, Bl+2abcde [L. Albert] CR CR " Alee, Bl+2abede USA (Hawaiian Is) Bellamya trochearis USA (Hawaiian Is) EN " Bl+2abcd Achatinella bulimoides Achatinella turgida " Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda CR Alee, Bl+2abcde CR " Alee, Bl+2abede USA (Hawaiian Is) [L. Victoria] USA (Hawaiian Is) Campeloma decampi Achatinella byronii Achatinella viridans " VU -' Alce+2e CR Alee, Bl+2abcde CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde (Hawaiian Is) USA USA USA (Hawaiian Is) Lioplax cyclostomaformis Achatinella cestus Achatinella vulpina " Cylindrical Lioplax CR Alee, Bl+2abcde CR »' Alee, Bl+2abcd (Hawaiian Is) VU " B1+2C USA USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Achatinella concavospira Elasmias kitaiwojimanum " Neothauma tanganyicense CR Alee, Bl+2abcde VU '" DI EN " B1+2C USA (Hawaiian Is) Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Tanzania, Zaire Achatinella curta Gulickia alexandri [L. Tanganyika] CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde CR " Bl+2abe Notopala sublineata USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) EN "« Alee Achatinella decipiens Lamellidea biplicata Australia CR " Alee,Bl+2abcde VU '" Dl USA (Hawaiian Is) Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Order NEOGASTROPODA Achatinella fulgens Lamellidea ogasawarana CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde VU "' CI Family CONIDAE USA (Hawaiian Is) Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Conus africanus Achatinella fuscobasis Newcombia canaliculata VU =' D2 CR " Alce,Bl+2abcde EN '" Ale Angola USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Conus cepasi Achatinella leucorrhaphe Newcombia cumingi VU -' D2 CR «' Alee, Bl+2abcde EN '" Ale Angola USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is)

120 Molluscs: snails

Newcombia lirata Family AGRIOLIMACIDAE Bothriembryon brazieri EN '" Ale VU '" D2 Deroceras tarraceuse USA (Hawaiian Is) Australia VU '' D2 Newcombia perkinsi Spain Bothriembryon glauerti EN '" Ale VU '» D2 USA (Hawaiian Is) Family AMASTRIDAE Australia

Newcombia pfeifferi Amastra cylindrica Bothriembryon irvineanus EN '" Ale CR " Bl+2abd VU "* Bl-H2be, D2 USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Australia Newcombia sulcata Amastra micans Bothriembryon perobesus EN '" Ale CR " Bl+2abd EN "» C2b Australia USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Partulina confusa Amastra rubens Bothriembryon praecelcus '« CR »' Alee, Bl+2abcde CR " Bl+2abd EN C2b Australia USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Bothriembryon spenceri Partulina dubia Amastra spirizona " D2 CR " Alee, Bl+2abede CR " Bl+2abd VU Australia USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Bothriembryon whitleyi Partulina mighelsiana Armsia petasus VU "° D2 EN" Alee, Bl+2abede,Cl+2a CR " Bl+2abd Australia USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Partulina perdix Drymaeus henseli Laminella sanguinea "» " VU D2 EN A 1 ee, B 1 +2abcde, C 1 +2a CR " Bl+2abd Brazil USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Napaeus isletae Partulina physa Leptachatina lepida CR ' A2c EN «' Alce,Bl+2abcde,Cl+2a EN " Bl+2abd Spain (Canary Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Orynmeus acervatus Partulina proximo Tropidoptera heliciformis VU '» Alae EN " Alee,Bl+2abede,Cl+2a " CR Bl+2abd Brazil (Hawaiian Is) USA USA (Hawaiian Is) Ptacostylus bollonsi Partulina redjieldi Family BRADYBAENIDAE Pupuharakeke EN"' Alee, Bl+2abcde, Cl+2a VU '" D2 USA (Hawaiian Is) Helicostyla smargadina New Zealand '" Partulina semicarinata CR A2e,Bl+2c Placostylus hongii Alee, Bl+2abcde, Cl+2a Philippines EN" Pupuharakeke or Hax Snail USA (Hawaiian Is) Monadenia circumcarinata VU '" Cl-H2a,D2 Partulina splendida Keeled Sideband New Zealand '« Splendid Partulina VU D2 " Family CAMAENIDAE EN A 1 ee, B 1 +2abede, C 1 +2a USA USA (Hawaiian Is) Monadenia setosa Amplirhagada astuta '" Partulina tappaniana Trinity Bristle Snail EN C2a EN " Alee,Bl+2abcde,Cl+2a VU '" D2 Australia USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Amplirhagada questroana EN "» C2b Partulina tessellata Family BULIMULroAE " Australia EN A 1 ee, B 1 +2abede, C 1 +2a Boninena callistoderma USA (Hawaiian Is) Carinotrachia carsoniana EN '" A2e VU "» D2 Partulina variabilis Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Australia EN" Alee, Bl+2abcde,Cl+2a Boninena hiraseana USA (Hawaiian Is) Cristilabrum bubulum EN '" A2b EN "' C2b Perdicella helena Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Australia EN " Alee,Bl+2abcde,Cl+2a Boninena ogasawarae Cristilabrum buryillum USA (Hawaiian Is) EN '" A2b EN "* C2b Family ACHATEVroAE Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Australia Archachatina bicarinata Bothriembryon bradshaweri Cristilabrum grossum VU " Alcde, Bl+2b VU '« D2 EN '" C2a Sao Tome & Prineipe Australia Australia

121 Threatened Species

CHstilabrum isolatum Kimboraga micromphala Rhagada harti VU '« D2 VU "* D2 VU '" C2b Australia Australia Australia Cristilabrum monodon Kimboraga yammerana Semotrachia euzyga VU "° D2 VU '" Bl+2bc, D2 VU « D2 Australia Australia Australia Cristilabrum primum Meridolum benneti Sinumelon bednalli VU '" D2 VU "' D2 VU « D2 Australia Australia Australia Cristilabrum rectttm Meridolum comeovirens Thersites mitchellae VU "» D2 EN '" A2ce, Bl+2abcd EN '" C2a Australia Australia Australia Cristilabrum simplex Meridolum depressum Torresitrachia thedana VU "° D2 VU '" D2 VU "" D2 Australia Australia Australia

Cristilabrum solitiidum Mouldingia occidentalis Turgenitubulus aslini EN "0 C2b VU '" D2 VU '" Bl+2bc, D2 Australia Australia Australia Cupedora evandaleana Mouldingia orientalis Turgenitubulus castas EN "' Ale EN "° C2b VU '" D2 Australia Australia Australia Cupedora nottensis Mussonena campbelli Turgenitubulus depressus VU '" D2 VU "" D2 VU "° Bl+2bc,D2 Australia Australia Australia Damochlora millepunctata Ningbingia australis Turgenitubulus foramenus EN "° C2a VU '" Bl+2bc, D2 VU '" Bl+2bc, D2 Australia Australia Australia Damochlora spina Ningbingia bulla Turgenitubulus opiranus VU '" D2 VU "" D2 VU "» Bl+2bc, D2 Australia Australia Australia Divellomelon hillieri Ningbingia dentiens Turgenitubulus pagodula VU " D2 VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Australia Australia Australia Glyptorhagada bordaensis Ningbingia laurina Turgenitubulus tanmurrana VU '«' D2 VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Australia Australia Australia

Glyptorhagada euglypta Ningbingia octava Vidumelon wattii VU '" D2 VU '« D2 VU " D2 Australia Australia Australia Glyptorhagada kooringensis Ningbingia res Westraltrachia alterna VU '" D2 VU '« D2 VU '" D2 Australia Australia Australia Glyptorhagada silveri Offachloritis dryanderensis Westraltrachia inopinata EN '" A2ce VU '" D2 VU '» D2 Australia Australia Australia Glyptorhagada tattawuppana Ordtrachia elegans Westraltrachia lievreana VU '" D2 VU '» D2 VU "» Bl+2bc,D2 Australia Australia Australia Hadra wilsoni Pleuroxia hinsbyi Westraltrachia porcata VU '» D2 VU "" Bl+2bc, D2 VU " D2 Australia Australia Australia Kimboraga exanimus Prototrachia sedula Westraltrachia recta EN '« C2b VU " D2 VU '" D2 Australia Australia Australia

Kimboraga koolanensis Rhagada gibbensis Westraltrachia subtila VU '« Dl VU "» D2 VU '" D2 Australia Australia Australia

122 Molluscs: snails

Westraltrachia turbinata Opanara depasoapicata Rhysoconcha atanuiensis VU "* D2 CR '" A2e, Bl+2c VU '" D2 Australia French Polynesia French Polynesia Opanara dupticidentata Family CARYODIDAE Rhysoconcha variumbilicata '" CR A2e, Bl+2c CR '" A2e, Bl+2c launcestonensis Anoglypta French Polynesia French Polynesia Granulated Tasmanian Snail Opanara fosbergi "' Ruatara koarana VU D2 '" CR A2e, Bl+2c '» Australia CR A2e,Bl+2c French Polynesia French Polynesia Family CERIONIDAE Opanara megomphala Ruatara oparica CR '" A2e, Bl+2c Cerion nanus VU '" D2 French Polynesia CR " Bl+2a French Polynesia Cayman Islands Opanara perahuensis CR '" A2e, Bl+2c Sinployea pitcairnensis '« Family CHAROPEDAE French Polynesia VU D2 Pitcaim Islands Allocharopa erskinensis Orangia cookei '" VU D2 EN '" A2e, Bl+2c Family CLAUSILIIDAE Australia French Polynesia Boettgeria obesiuscula Cralopa colliveri Orangia maituatensis '" D2 VU '" D2 CR '" A2e,Bl+2c VU Portugal (Madeira) Australia French Polynesia Dupucharopa millestriata Orangia sporadica Bofilliella subarcuata VU '« D2 EN "' A2e,Bl+2c VU '" D2 Australia French Polynesia France, Spain Geminoropa scindocataracta Oreomava otwayensis Lamnifera pauli VU " D2 VU '" D2 VU '" Bl+2c Australia Australia France, Spain

Hedleyoconcha ailaketoae Penescosta mathewsi Lampedusa imitratix VU "' D2 VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Australia Norfolk Island Malta Kondoconcha othnius Penescosta sororcula Lampedusa melitensis '" '" CR Bl+2abcd VU D2 CR '« B1+2C French Polynesia Norfolk Island Malta Mautodontha boraborensis Pernagera gatliffi CR '« Ale VU '* D2 Family COCHLICOPmAE Freneh Polynesia Australia Cryptazeca elongata Mautodontha ceuthma Pilsbrycharopa tumida VU '" D2 '" '« CR Ale VU D2 Spain French Polynesia Australia Cryptazeca kobelti Norfolcioconch iota praetumida Pilula EN '" Bl+2c " D2 ™ Bl+2ab VU VU Spain Norfolk Island Reunion Cryptazeca monodonta Norfolcioconch norfolkensis Ptychodon schuppi VU '" D2 VU '" D2 EN '™ A lac France, Spain Norfolk Island Brazil Opanara altiapica Radioconus goeldi Cryptazeca spelaea '' CR '" Bl+2abe CR "* Bl+2c VU D2 French Polynesia Brazil Spain Opanara areaensis Radioconus riochcoensis Cryptazeca subcylindrica CR '" A2e, Bl+2c EN '»» Bl+2ab VU '" D2 French Polynesia Brazil France Radiodiscus amdenus Opanara bitridentata Family DISCIDAE CR '« A2e, B1+2C EN '™ Alac French Polynesia Brazil Discus marmorensis Opanara caliculata Radiodiscus compactus Marbled Disc "" CR '" A2e, Bl+2c VU ™ Alac VU D2 French Polynesia Brazil USA

123 Threatened Species

Family DRAPARNAUDIffiAE Dupontia perlucida Caseolus calculus EN ™ Bl+2a VU '" D2 Draparnaudia anniae Mauritius Portugal (Madeira) CR -" Bl+2c New Caledonia Dupontia poweri Caseolus subcalliferus " Bl-H2a '" Draparnaudia subnecata VU VU D2 Mauritius CR "-' Ale, Bl+2c Portugal (Madeira) Elasmias cemicum New Caledonia Discula bicarinata VU " Bl+2ab VU '" D2 Family ENDODONXmAE Mauritius, Reunion Portugal (Madeira) Hirasea acutissima Hacrochlamys lineolatus EN '" Aid EN '" Aid Discula bulweri '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) EN A2e Portugal (Madeira) Hirasea chichijimana Lamprocystis hahajimana EN '" A2b EN '" A2b Discula cheiranthicola Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) VU '" D2 Portugal (Madeira) Hirasea diplomphalus Liardetia boninensis EN '" A2b VU '" Dl Discula echinulata Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) VU '" D2 Hirasea insignis Plegma caelatura Portugal (Madeira) "' EN Aid VU '» Bl+2a Discula leacockiana Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Reunion VU '" D2 Hirasea operculina Thapsia snelli Portugal (Madeira) EN '" Alb EN '" Bl-i-2a Discula lyelliana Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Mauritius (Rodrigues) CR '" B1-H2C Thaumatodon hystricelloides Trochochlamys ogasawarana Portugal (Madeira) EN '" A2ce CR '" Aid Discula oxytropis Western Samoa Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) VU '" D2 Family ENffiAE Family FERUSSACimAE Portugal (Madeira)

Euchondrus ramonensis Amphorella iridescens Discula tabellata " CR C2b, Dl VU '" D2 EN "' A2c, Bl+2c Israel Portugal (Madeira) Portugal (Madeira) Pene galilaea Amphorella melampoides Discula tectiformis »' '" CR Ale VU D2 VU '" D2 Israel Portugal (Madeira) Portugal (Madeira) Amphorella producta Family EUCONULffiAE Discula testudinalis VU '" D2 Caldwellia imperfecta CR '" A2e, B1-H2C Portugal (Madeira) VU '" Bl-H2a,D2 Portugal (Madeira) Cecilioides connollyi Mauritius, Reunion VU '" D2 Discula tetrica Ctenophila caldwelli '" Gibraltar CR B1-H2C EN '" Bl-i-2a Portugal (Madeira) Cecilioides eulima Mauritius CR '" A2c, B1-H2C Discula turricula Ctenophila setiliris Portugal (Madeira) VU '» D2 '" EN Bl+2a Portugal (Madeira) Cylichnidia ovuliformis Reunion VU '" D2 Disculella spirulina Ctenophila vorticella Portugal (Madeira) VU '" D2 VU ™ BU2a, D2 Sculptiferussacia clausiliaeformis Portugal (Madeira) Reunion « VU A2e, D2 Geomitra delphinuloides Dancea rodriguezensis Spain (Canary Is) '" EN " Bl+2a CR B1+2C Portugal (Madeira) Mauritius (Rodrigues) Family GEOMITRIDAE

Dupontia levis Actinella anaglyptica Geomitra moniziana "* VU '» Bl-h2a VU '" D2 EN B1-I-2C Mauritius Portugal (Madeira) Portugal (Madeira)

Dupontia nitella Actinella effugiens Geomitra tiarella VU ™ Bl-(-2ab VU '" D2 EN "- B1-I-2C Mauritius, Reunion Portugal (Madeira) Portugal (Madeira)

124 Molluscs: snails

Family HELICARIONmAE Thapsia buraensis Theba arinagae CR '" Bl+2ac VU ' A2c, D2 Advena charon Kenya Spain (Canary Is) EN '" Bl+2c Norfolk Island Theskelomensor creon Family HELICODISCIDAE VU '*' D2 Buffetia retinaculum Zilchogyra paulistana Australia VU '" D2 CR "»• Alac Tubuaia Norfolk Island fosbergi Brazil VU '*= D2 Diastole tenuistriata Pitcaim Islands Family VU '« D2 HELMINTHOGLYPTroAE Zingis radiolata Pitcaim Islands CR '" Bl+2ac Eremarionta immaculata amiculus Dolapex Kenya White Desrt Snail '" EN B1+2C VU '" D2 Norfolk Island Family HELICIDAE USA Erepta odontina Helix texta Eremarionta millepalmarum ™ EN Bl+2a EN "' Alee Thousand Palms Desert Snail Mauritius Israel VU "" D2 Erepta stylodon Helix ceratina USA ™ CR Bl+2a CR -' A2c,Bl+2c Helminthoglypta allynsmithi Mauritius France Merced Canyon Shoulderband '" Harmogenanina argentea VU D2 Helix obruta USA VU ™ Bl+2ab VU ™ Bl+2c Reunion Portugal (Azores) Helminthoglypta callistoderma Kem Shoulderband Harmogenanina implicata Hemicycla pouchet EN '" B1+2C CR ™ B1+2C ' VU Ale USA Mauritius Spain (Canary Is) Helminthoglypta coelata Helicarion leopardina Hemicycla saulcyi Mesa Shoulderband VU '" Bl+2c, D2 ' CR A2c VU '« B1+2C Australia Spain (Canary Is) USA Helicarion porrectus Idiomela subplicata Helminthoglypta walkeriana '*' VU B1+2C VU '« D2 Morro Shoulderband Australia Portugal (Madeira) CR "" Alee, Bl+2bc Helicarion rubicundus Lampadia webbiana USA '" '" VU D2 VU D2 Micrarionta facta Australia Portugal (Madeira) Santa Barbara Island Snail Iredaleoconcha caporaphe Lemniscia michaudi VU '" D2 VU '" D2 VU '" D2 USA Norfolk Island Portugal (Madeira) Micrarionta feralis Kaliella hongkongensis Leptaxis caldeirarum San Nicolas Island Snail "" VU ™ D2 EN ™ B1+2C CR Bl+2d Hong Kong Portugal (Azores) USA Micrarionta opuntia Lutilodix imitratrix Leptaxis furva Prickly Pear Island Snail EN '" B1+2C VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Norfolk Island Portugal (Madeira) USA Mathewsoconcha belli Leptaxis terceirana Xerarionta intercisa EN '" B1+2C VU ™ B1+2C Plain Cactus Snail Norfolk Island Portugal (Azores) VU "" D2 Philonesia filiceti Leptaxis vetusa USA '« ™ Bl+2bc VU D2 CR Xerarionta redimita Pitcaim Islands Portugal (Azores) Wreathed Cactus Snail Philonesia pitcairnensis Leptaxis wollastoni VU '« D2 VU '« D2 EN " Bl+2c USA Pitcaim Islands Portugal (Madeira) Xerarionta tryoni Pittoconcha concinna Spirorbula latens Bicolor Cactus Snail VU '" D2 VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Norfolk Island Portugal (Madeira) USA

125 Threatened Species

Family HYGROMnDAE Megalobulimus proclivis Bulimulus jacobi CR '°» Alac VU '" D2 Candidula setubalensis Brazil Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU '" D2 Portugal Family MEGOMPfflCroAE Bulimulus lycodus VU '" D2 Helicella bierzona Ammonitella yatesii Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU '" D2 Tight Coin Spain VU '" D2 Bulimulus nesioticus '« Helicella mariae USA VU 02 '" D2 Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU Family OREOHELICmAE Spain Bulimulus nux Oreohelixjugalis '" Helicella stiparum VU D2 Boulder Pile Mountain Snail VU '" D2 Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU "" D2 Spain USA Bulimulus ochsneri Hygromia golasi VU '« D2 Oreohelix vortex VU '" D2 Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Whorled Mountain Snail Andorra VU '" D2 Bulimulus reibischi Obelus despreauxii USA VU '" D2 VU ' A2c Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Oreohelix waltoni Spain (Canary Is) Lava Rock Mountain Snail Bulimulus rugiferus Pyrenaearia daanidentata VU '*' D2 VU "" D2 '" VU D2 USA Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Spain Radiocentrum avalonense Bulimulus saeronius Pyrenaearia molae Catalina Mountain Snail VU '" D2 '" D2 "" VU CR Bl+2c Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Spain USA Bulimulus sculpturatus Suboestophorajeresae Family ORTHALICmAE VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Spain Bulimulus akamatus '" D2 Bulimulus tanneri Trochoidea gharlapsi VU Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU "" D2 VU '" D2 Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Malta Bulimulus alethorhytidus '" D2 Trochoidea molinae VU Bulimulus unifasciatus (Galapagos Is) '" VU '" D2 Ecuador VU D2 Spain Bulimulus amastroides Ecuador (Galapagos Is) '» D2 Trochoidea pseudojacosta VU Bulimulus ustulatus CR " C2b,Dl Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU '" D2 Israel Bulimulus blombergi Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU '" D2 Trochoidea zaharensis Bulimulus wolfi Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU '" D2 VU '" D2 Spain Bulimulus calvus Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU '" D2 Tyrrheniellajosephi Leuchocharis pancheri Ecuador (Galapagos Is) VU -'' D2 CR ^' Bl+2d Bulimulus cavagnaroi Italy New Caledonia VU '« D2 Placostylus ambagiosus Family MEGALOBULEViroAE Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Flax Snail Megalobulimus fragilion Bulimulus darwini VU '" Bl+2abcde EN '" Dl VU "- D2 New Zealand Brazil Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Placostylus bivaricosus Megalobulimus grandis Bulimulus eos '" Bl+2abcde CR '" Dl VU '" D2 CR Australia Brazil Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Megalobulimus lopesi Bulimulus eschariferus Placostylus eddystonensis EN '™ Dl VU '» D2 VU ^' Alab Brazil Ecuador (Gal&pagos Is) New Caledonia Megalobulimus parafragilior Bulimulus hirsutus Placostylus fibratus EN '°» Dl VU '" D2 VU -" Alcde Brazil Ecuador (Galapagos Is) New Caledonia

126 Molluscs: snails

Placostylus porphyrostomus Partula varia Leiostyla comeocostata VU ^ Ale CR '" Alace, Bl+2abcde VU '» D2 New Caledonia French Polynesia Portugal (Madeira) Samoana annectens Family PARMACELLIDAE Leiostyla degenerata EN '" Ale VU '" D2 Parmacella tenerifensis French Polynesia Portugal (Madeira) EN ' Alac+2c Samoana attenuata Leiostyla ferraria Spain (Canary Is) EN '" Ale VU '" D2 Family PARTULIDAE French Polynesia Portugal (Madeira) Samoana conica Eua zebrina Leiostyla filicum EN '" A2ce '" EN '" A2ce VU D2 American Samoa American Samoa Portugal (Madeira) Samoana diaphana Partula calypso Leiostyla gibba EN '" Ale '» CR '" A2c CR B1+2C French Polynesia Palau Portugal (Madeira) Samoana fragilis Partula clara Leiostyla heterodon EN '" A2ce '" CR '" B1+2C CR Alc+2c Guam French Polynesia Portugal (Madeira) Samoana solitaria Partula emersoni Leiostyla laevigata EN '" Ale CR '" Ale+2ce VU '" D2 French Polynesia Federated States of Micronesia Portugal (Madeira) Samoana thurstoni Leiostyla monticola Partula filosa EN '" A2ce '" Alc+2ce VU '" D2 CR American Samoa French Polynesia Portugal (Madeira) Partula gibba Family POLYGYRffiAE Leiostyla relevata '" Fat Guam Partula Cryptomastix magnidentata VU D2 CR '" A2ce Mission Creek Oregonian Portugal (Madeira) Guam, Northern Marianas VU "' D2 Leiostyla simulator Partula guamensis USA CR '" Bl+2c '" Portugal (Madeira) CR A2ce Family PUNCTIDAE Federated States of Micronesia Leiostyla vermiculosa Ckristianoconcha quintalia Partula hyalina VU ™ B1+2C VU '» D2 CR "= Ale Portugal (Azores) Norfolk Island French Polynesia Nesopupa madgei Partula langfordi Family PUPILLIDAE VU ™ Bl+2ab CR '" Ale+2ce Gastrocopta boninensis Mauritius, Reunion Northern Marianas VU '" CI Ptychalaea dedecora Partula leucothoe Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) VU '" CI CR '" A2e Lauria fanalensis Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Palau '" Bl+2bc VU Family RHYTEDIDAE Partula martensiana Portugal (Madeira) '" Occirhenea georgiana CR Alce+2e Leiostyla abbreviata '« Federated States of Micronesia CR '" Bl+2cd EN C2a Australia Partula otaheitana Portugal (Madeira) CR '" Alace+2ce, Bl+2abcd Leiostyla callathiscus Rhytida clarki '" French Polynesia VU '" D2 CR Bl+2ab New Zealand Partula radiolata Portugal (Madeira) Radiolate Partula Leiostyla cassida Rhytida oconnori '" CR '" A2ce, Bl+2abcde CR '" Bl+2c CR Bl+2d Guam Portugal (Madeira) New Zealand Partula rosea Leiostyla cheiligona Tasmaphena lamproides CR '" Alce+2ce VU '" Bl+2c VU '" A2de French Polynesia Portugal (Madeira) Australia

Partula thetis Leiostyla concinna Victaphanta compacta CR '" Ale VU '" D2 EN '" A2c Palau Portugal (Madeira) Australia

127 Threatened Species

Family STREPTAXIDAE Gonyostomus insularis Family ZONIXmAE "* VU Dl Oxychilus amaltheae Gonidomus sulcatus Brazil VU '" D2 VU " B2ab, C2a Hirinaba curytibana Greece Mauritius CR "» Mac Oxychilus agostinhoi Gonospira cylindrella Brazil VU ™ B1+2C VU '« Bl+2ab Portugal (Azores) Reunion Family SUBULEVroAE Oxychilus lineolatus Gonospira deshayesi VU ™ Bl+2c '« Bl+2ab Euonyma curtissima EN Portugal (Azores) Reunion EN "= Bl+2ac Kenya Trochomorpha apia Gonospira duponti EN '" A2ce Subuliniscus arambourgi CR " C2b American Samoa "- Mauritius EN Bl+2ac pseudotrolli Kenya Vitrea Gonospira holostoma VU ^ D2 VU " Bl+2ab Family SUCdNEffiAE France, Italy Mauritius Boninosuccinea ogasawarae Zonitoides jaccetanicus '" Gonospira madgei VU '" D2 EN Bl+2c '" Spain VU Bl+2ab Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Mauritius Boninosuccinea punctulispira Class ENOPLA Gonospira striaticostus VU '" D2 ™ VU D2 Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Mauritius Order HOPLONEMERTEA Oxyloma kanabense Gonospira teres Kanab Amber Snail Family PROSORHOCHMIDAE VU ™ D2 '« CR Bl+2d Antiponemertes allisonae Mauritius USA VU '«' D2 Gonospira turgidula Succinea piratarum New Zealand VU ™ Bl+2ab EN " A2c Katechonemertes nightingaleensis Reunion Guam VU '" D2 Gonospira uvula Succinea quadrasi St Helena (Tristan da Cunha) " EN Bl+2a EN '" A2e Reunion Guam Class ANTHOZOA Gulella antelmeana Family VALLONUDAE EN '" Bl+2a Order ACTINIARIA Mauritius Spelaeodiscus tatricus '" Family EDWARDSIffiAE Gulella taitensis VU D2 CR '" Bl+2ac Slovakia Nematostella vectensis Kenya Starlet Sea Anemone Family VERTIGEVIDAE VU '«= Alee Microstrophia modesta Truncatellina arcyensis Canada, USA, United Kingdom EN '« Bl+2ab EN » B1+2C Mauritius France Order GORGONACEA Microstrophia nana VU ™ Bl+2a, D2 Family PLEXAURIDAE Family VITREVIDAE Mauritius Eunicella verrucosa Insulivitrina reticulata Broad Sea Fan Family STROPHOCHEILIDAE EN ' A2c VU '« Aid Gonyostomus gonyostomus Spain (Canary Is) France, Ireland, Mauritania, CR '" Mac Morocco, Portugal, Spain, United Brazil Kingdom

128 List 2

Lower Risk : conservation dependent

Class MAMMALIA Order CARNIVORA Family DELPHINIDAE Family CANIDAE Globicephala macrorhynchus " Short-finned Pilot Whale Urocyon littoralis ^ [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Order DIPROTODONTIA Island Grey Fox USA northwest, southeast, southwest, Family POTOROmAE westem central), Indian Ocean Vulpes velox '' (eastern, westem), Mediterranean Bettongia peniciUata " Swift Fox and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern Woylie Canada (ex), USA central, northeast, northwest, Australia southeast, southwest, westem Family HYAENmAE central)] Crocuta crocuta '- Orcinus orca " Order CHIROPTERA Spotted Hyaena Killer Whale Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (Antarctic, Family EMBALLONURIDAE Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, eastern central, northeast, northwest, Emballonura raffrayana '^ Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania, southeast, southwest, westem Raffray's Sheath-tailed Bat Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, central), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, eastern, western), Mediterranean and Solomon Islands South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Black Sea, Pacific (Antarctic, eastern Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, central, northeast, northwest, Zimbabwe southeast, southwest, westem Family RHINOLOPHIDAE central)] Rhinolophus ferrumequinum '- Family URSIDAE Stenella attenuata " Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Ursus maritimus "' Pantropical Spotted Dolphin Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Polar Bear [Atlantic (eastern central, northwest, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Canada, Greenland, Norway southeast, southwest, western Republic, central), Indian Ocean (eastern, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech (Svalbard & Jan Mayen Is), Russia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, USA western). Pacific (eastern central, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, northwest, southeast, southwest, westem central)] Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Order CETACEA Luxembourg, Macedonia, Morocco, Stenella coeruleoalba " Nepal, Netherlands, North Korea, Family BALAENIDAE Striped Dolphin Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Balaena mysticetus " [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bowhead Whale northwest, southeast, southwest, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, westem central), Indian Ocean [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (northeast, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, (eastern, westem), Mediterranean northwest). Pacific (northeast, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern northwest)] Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia central, northeast, northwest, Eubalaena australis " southeast, southwest, westem Southern Right Whale central)] [Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast, " Order PRIMATES Stenella longirostris southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, Spinner Dolphin eastern, westem). Pacific (southeast, Family TARSIIDAE [Adantic (eastern central, northwest, southwest)] southeast, southwest, westem '" Tarsius syrichta central), Indian Ocean (eastern, Philippine Tarsier Family BALAENOPTERIDAE westem), Pacific (eastem central, Philippines Balaenoptera bonareitsis " northwest, southeast, southwest, westem central)] Southern Minke Whale (Antarctic), Indian Ocean Family CERCOPITHECroAE [Atlantic (Antarctic), Pacific (Antarctic)] Family PHOCOENIDAE nigrescens '" Macaca Phocoenoides dalli *' Family ESCHRICHTIIDAE Dumoga-bone Macaque Dall's Porpoise Indonesia Eschrichtius robustus *' Canada, Japan, Mexico, North Macaca thibetana i" Gray Whale Korea, Russia, South Korea, USA Tibetan Macaque [Arctic Sea, Pacific (northeast, [Pacific (eastem central, northeast, China northwest, westem central)] northwest)]

129 "

Lower Risk : conservation dependent

Family ZIPHITOAE Alcelaphus buselaphus ' Damaliscus dorcas ' Common Hartebeest Bontebok Berardius arnuxii Algeria (ex), Angola, Benin, Botswana [int], Lesotho, Namibia Amoux's Beaked Whale Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, [int], South Africa, Swaziland, [Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast, Central African Republic, Chad, Zimbabwe [int] southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, Cote d'lvoire, Egypt (ex), Ethiopia, eastern central, western central). Damaliscus lunatus '' Gambia (ex?), Ghana, Guinea, Pacific (Antarctic, southeast, Topi Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho (ex), southwest)] Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Mali, Morocco (ex), Namibia, Niger, •" Faso, Bumndi (ex), Cameroon, Berardius bairdii Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia (ex). Central African Republic, Chad, Baird's Beaked Whale South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Ethiopia, Gambia (ex), Guinea (ex?), [Pacific (eastern central, northeast, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia (ex), Guinea-Bissau (ex), Kenya, Mali northwest)] Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe (ex), Mauritania (ex), Mozambique "" Hyperoodon ampulUUus Alcelaphus lichtensteinii ' (ex), Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Bottlenose Whale Lichtenstein's Hartebeest Rwanda, Senegal (ex), Somalia, [Atlantic (northeast, northwest)] Angola, Burundi (ex), Malawi, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland (ex), Hyperoodon pkmifrons *' Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo (ex?), Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Southern Bottlenose Whale Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe [int] [Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast, Gazella bennetti ' southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, Antidorcas marsupialis ' Chinkara eastern, western). Pacific (Antarctic, Springbok Afghanistan?, India, Iran, Pakistan southeast, southwest)] Angola, Botswana, Lesotho (ex), Gazella gazella ' Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland? Mountain Gazelle - Order PERISSODACTYLA Bison bison Egypt (ex), Iran [int], Israel, Jordan, American Bison Lebanon (ex), Oman, Saudi Arabia, Family RHINOCEROTIDAE Canada, USA Syria?, United Arab Emirates, Yemen

' Ceratotherium simum ' Boselaphus tragocamelus ' Gazella granti White Rhinoceros Nilgai Grant's Gazelle Ethiopia, Botswana [re-int], Cote d'lvoire, Bangladesh (ex), India, Nepal, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda Kenya, Mozambique (ex?), Namibia, Pakistan, USA [int] South Africa, Sudan (ex?), " Gazella thomsonii ' Swaziland, Zaire, Zambia (ex?), Capricomis crispus Thomson's Gazelle Zimbabwe Japanese Serow Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Japan Tanzania Hippotragus equinus ' Cephalophus harveyi ' Order ARTIODACTYLA Roan Antelope Harvey's Red Duiker Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Family CAMELIDAE Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania Faso, Burundi (ex), Cameroon, '" Vicugna vicugna Cephalophus natalensis ' Central African Republic, Chad, Vicuna Natal Red Duiker Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Family GIRAFFEDAE Zimbabwe? Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, ' Giraffa camelopardalis ' Cephalophus rufilatus Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Giraffe Red-flanked Duiker Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Hippotragus niger ' Central African Republic, Chad, Central African Republic, Chad, Sable Antelope Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali (ex?), Cote d'lvoire, Gambia, Ghana, Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania (ex), Mozambique (ex?), Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Mozambique, Namibia, South Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Africa, Swaziland [int], Tanzania, [int], Senegal (ex), Somalia, South Sudan, Togo, Uganda (ex?), Zaire Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Connochaetes gnou ' Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe '' Black Wildebeest Kobus ellipsiprymnus Waterbuck Lesotho, Namibia [int]. South Africa, Family BOVmAE Swaziland Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Aepyceros melampus ' Connochaetes taurinus ' African Republic, Chad, Congo, Impala Blue & White-bearded Wildebeest Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi Gambia (ex?), Ghana, Guinea, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, (ex), Mozambique, Namibia, South Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Zambia, Zimbabwe Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra

130 Birds

Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Ovis nivicola " Tragelaphus imberbis ' Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Snow Sheep Lesser Kudu Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Russia Ethiopia, Kenya, Saudi Arabia (ex?), Kobus kob ' Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Pelea capreolus ' Yemen (ex?) Kob Grey Rhebok Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Tragelaphus oryx ' Botswana (ex), Lesotho, South Central African Republic, Chad, Africa, Swaziland Common Eland Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gambia (ex), Angola, Botswana, Burundi (ex), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Raphicerus melanotis ' Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Kenya (ex), Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Cape Grysbok Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone (ex), South Africa South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Sudan, Tanzania (ex), Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zaire Raphicerus sharpei ' Zimbabwe

Sharpe's Grysbok ' Kobus leche ' Tragelaphus strepsiceros Botswana, Malawi, Lechwe Mozambique, Greater Kudu South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Angola, Botswana, Central African Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Africa [int], Zaire, Zambia Republic, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, ' Redunca arundinum ' Kobus vardoni Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, Southern Reedbuck Puku South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Angola, Botswana, Congo (ex?), Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Gabon (ex?), Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Litocranius walleri ' Order RODENTIA Gerenuk Redunca fulvorufula ' Family SCIURIDAE Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Mountain Reedbuck Tanzania Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Cynomys parvidens '^ Neotragus moschatus ' Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Utah Prairie Dog Suni Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, USA Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda Marmota bobak '" Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine Redunca redunca ' Oreotragus oreotragus ' Bohor Reedbuck Klipspringer Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Family HETEROMYIDAE Angola, Botswana, Burundi (ex). Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dipodomys stephensi "- Central African Republic, Djibouti, Chad, Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Stephens' Kangaroo Rat Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho?, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, USA Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia, South Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Family MURffiAE Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Uganda, Zaire Eolagurus luteus '" Oryx ' China, Kazakhstan (ex), Mongolia gazella Rupicapra pyrenaica " " Gemsbok Southern Chamois Pseudomys shortridgei Angola, Botswana, Djibouti, Eritrea, Heath Rat Italy, Spain Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Somalia, Australia South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Syncerus caffer ' Uganda, Zimbabwe African Buffalo Ourebia ourebi ' Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Oribi Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Class Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina African Republic, Chad, Congo, AVES Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea, Faso, Burundi (ex), Cameroon, (ex), Order GRUIFORMES Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cote d'lvoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Family GRUIDAE Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Niger, ' Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Grus monacha Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Hooded Crane Leone, Somalia, South Africa, * Namibia?, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, China, Russia. Japan, North Korea, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Korea, Taiwan Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Tragelaphus angasii ' Order CHARADRIIFORMES Zambia, Zimbabwe Nyala " Family LARTOAE Ovis canadensis Botswana [int], Malawi, ' Bighorn Sheep Mozambique, Namibia [int]. South Larus audouinii Canada, Mexico, USA Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe Audouin's Gull

131 Lower Risk : conservation dependent

Algeria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Class AMPHIBIA Order PERCIFORMES Italy, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey. * Gabon, Gibraltar, Libya, Family SPARmAE Order ANURA Mauritania, Senegal, Western Sahara Lithognatus lithognathus '=* Family DISCOGLOSSroAE White Steenbras Order COLUMBIFORMES Bombina bombina " South Africa Family COLUMBIDAE Austria, Belams, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Family CICHLmAE -' Columba trocaz Czech Republic, Denmark, '" Madeira Laurel Pigeon Germany, Greece, Hungary, Serranochromis meridianus Portugal (Madeira) Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Lowveld Largemouth Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa Order PASSERIFORMES Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Family GOBimAE Family MUSCICAPmAE Mistichthys luzonensis '»' Acanthiza katherina -' Sinarapan Mountain Thombill Order CAUDATA Philippines Australia Family SALAMANDRffiAE Pachycephala rufogularis -' Triturus cristatus " Family BELONTIIDAE Red-lored Whistler Great Crested Newt Australia Belontia signata '" Austria, Belams, Belgium, Czech -' Combtail Sericornis keri Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Sri Lanka Atherton Scrubwren Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, "' Australia Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malpulutta kretseri Stipiturus mallee -' Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Ornate Paradisefish Mallee Emuwren Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Sri Lanka Australia Ukraine, United Kingdom

Family MELIPHAGIDAE Class CRUSTACEA Lichenostomus hindwoodi -' Class ACTINOPTERYGII Eungella Honeyeater Order ANOSTRACA Australia Order CYPRINIFORMES Family ARTEMIIDAE Artemia monica " Family FRINGILLEDAE Family CYPREVIDAE Mono Lake Brine Shrimp -' Fringilla teydea Barbus treurensis '" USA Blue Chaffinch Treur River Barb Spain (Canary Is) South Africa Order CYCLOPOIDA Puntius cumingii '" Family CALLAEIDAE Two Spot Barb Family CYCLOPIDAE Philesturnus carunculatus ^' Sri Lanka Metacyclops "" Saddleback campestris Puntius nigrofasciatus '" Brazil New Zealand Black Ruby Barb Muscocyclops bidenatiis '" Sri Lanka Family PTILONORHYNCHIDAE Brazil '" Puntius pleurotaenia "" -' Muscocyclops therasiae Prionodura newtoniana Side Striped Barb Brazil Golden Bowerbird Sri Lanka Australia Ponticyclops boscoi '" Puntius "' titteya Brazil Cherry Barb Thermocyclops "" Sri Lanka parvus Class REPTILIA USA Rasbora vaterifloris '" Order TESTUDINES Valeria Flower Rasbora Sri Lanka Order HARPACTICOroA Family PELOMEDUSIDAE Family CANTHOCAMPTroAE Podocnemis expansa '"> Family BALITORIDAE '" South American River Turtle Attheyella yemanjae Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Acanthocobitis urophthalmus "* Brazil Guyana, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Banded Mountain Loach Canthocamptiis campaneri '« Venezuela Sri Lanka Brazil

132 "

Molluscs: snails

Family Tridacna maxima '" Family GEOMITRIDAE Small Giant Clam PARASTENOCARroroAE Caseolus leptostictus '" American Samoa, Australia, British Murunducaris juneae '" Portugal (Madeira) Indian Ocean Territory, China, Cook

Brazil ' Islands, Egypt, Federated States of Lemniscia calva Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Portugal (Madeira) Guam, India (Andaman & Nicobar Class INSECTA Is, Lakshadweep), Indonesia, Japan, Family HELICIDAE Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar, Hemicycla adansoni ' Order ORTHOPTERA Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Spain (Canary Is) Islands, Mauritius, Mozambique, Family ACRTOmAE Hemicycla inutilis ' Myanmar, New Caledonia, Northern Spain (Canary Is) Spaniacris deserticola '" Marianas, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Spanistic Desert Grasshopper Philippines, Pitcaim Islands, Saudi Family HYGRGMimAE Mexico, USA Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Canariella leprosa '• Family GRYLLffiAE Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tokelau, Spain (Canary Is) Tonga, Tuvalu, US Minor Pacific '" Canariella pthonera ' Neonemobius eurynotus Islands, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Western Spain (Canary Is) Bay Area Ground Cricket Samoa USA Tridacna squamosa '»' Family PUPILLIDAE Scaly Clam Family STENOPELMATmAE Leiostyla laurinea '" American Samoa, Australia, British Portugal (Madeira) Stenopelmatus nigrocapitatus '* Indian Ocean Territory, Egypt, Black-headed Jerusalem Cricket Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Family VERTIGEVIDAE USA French Polynesia, Guam (ex?), India '" (Andaman & Nicobar Is, Pupisoma orcula Lakshadweep), Indonesia, Japan Federated States of Micronesia Class BIVALVIA (ex?), Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar, Vertigo angustior '" Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Islands, Mauritius, Mozambique, Order UNIONOIDA Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Northern Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Family UNIONIDAE Marianas (ex?), Palau, Papua New Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Guinea, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Simpsonaias ambigua -* Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon USA Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Order VENEROroA Switzerland, Ukraine, United USA [int] (Hawaiian Is), Vanuatu, Kingdom Viet Nam, Western Samoa Family TRmACNroAE Vertigo genesii '" Hippopus hippopus '" Finland, Germany, Norway, Poland, Class GASTROPODA Bear Paw Clam Romania, Russia, Sweden, American Samoa (ex?), Australia, Switzerland, United Kingdom Order MESOGASTROPODA Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji Vertigo geyerii '" (ex?), Guam (ex?), India? (Andaman Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, & Nicobar Is), Indonesia, Japan Finland, Germany, Latvia, Craspedoma hespericum ™ Ireland, (Nansei-shoto (ex?), Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Portugal (Azores) Ogasawara-gunto), Kiribati, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, '" Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Craspedoma lyonnetianum United Kingdom Myanmar, New Caledonia, Northern Portugal (Madeira) Vertigo moulinsiana '" Marianas (ex?), Palau, Papua New '" Craspedoma trochoideum Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Portugal (Madeira) Belarus, Belgium, Czech Repubhc, Solomon Islands, Taiwan (ex?), Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Thailand?, Tonga (ex?), Tuvalu, Order STYLOMMATOPHORA Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Vanuatu, Western Samoa (ex?) Italy, Lithuania, Morocco, Family BULEVTULroAE Hippopus porcellanus "" Netherlands, Norway, Poland, China Clam Napaeus nanodes ' Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Indonesia, Palau, Philippines Spain (Canary Is) Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine

133

" " "

Lists

Lower Risk : near threatened

Class MAMMALIA Monodelphis dimidiata '-' Lagorchestes conspicillatus " Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay Spectacled Hare-wallaby Australia Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA Monodelphis iheringi '-' Brazil Macropus bemardus " Family DIDELPHIDAE Thylamys macrura '-' Black Wallaroo '-' Australia Caluromys lanatus Brazil, Paraguay Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Macropus irma " Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Order DASYUROMORPHIA Western Brush Wallaby Venezuela Australia Caluromys philander '-' Family DASYURffiAE Macropus parma " Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Antechinus godmani Parma Wallaby Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Atherton Antechinus Australia, New Zealand [int] Venezuela Australia Petrogale burbidgei Chironectes minimus '^' Antechinus leo " Monjon Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Cinnamon Antechinus Australia Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Australia " El Salvador, French Guiana, Petrogale coenensis Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Dasyurus hallucatus " Cape York Rock-wallaby Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Northern Quoll Australia Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela Australia Petrogale concinna " Gracilinanus agilis "' Dasyurus viverrinus " Nabarlek Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Eastern Quoll Australia Peru, Uruguay Australia Petrogale sharmani Gracilinanus marica '-' Phascogale tapoatafa " Mountain Claro Rock-wallaby Colombia, Venezuela Brush-tailed Phascogale Australia " Gracilinanus microtarsus '-' Australia Petrogale xanthopus Brazil Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Australia Marmosa lepida '^' Bolivia, Brazil?, Colombia, Ecuador, Order DIPROTODONTIA Peru, Suriname Family PHASCOLARCXroAE Family PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE Marmosops fuscatus '-' " Hemibelideus lemuroides " Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, Phascolarctos cinereus Venezuela Koala Lemuroid Ringtail Possum Australia Australia Marmosops impavidus '-' Pseudochirops archeri " Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Green Ringtail Possum Venezuela Family POTOROroAE Australia Marmosops incanus '-' Bettongia gaimardi " Pseudochirulus cinereus " Brazil Tasmanian Bettong Daintree River Ringtail Possum '-' Marmosops invictus Australia Australia Panama Wyulda squamicaudata " Pseudochirulus herbertensis " '-' Marmosops parvidens Scaly-tailed Possum Herbert River Ringtail Possum Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Australia Australia Suriname, Venezuela

Micoureus alstoni "' Family Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Family MACROPODIDAE PETAURIDAE Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Dendrolagus bennettianus " Petaurus australis " Panama Bennett's Tree-kangaroo Yellow-bellied Glider Micoureus constantiae '-' Australia Australia Argentina, Brazil, Colombia Dendrolagus lumholtzi Petaurus norfolcensis " Monodelphis americana '^' Lumholtzi's Tree-kangaroo Squirrel Glider Brazil Australia Australia

135 "

Lower Risk ; near threatened

Order XENARTHRA Nyctimene aello *- Family MEGADERMAXmAE Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Cardioderma cor " Family DASYPODTOAE Papua New Guinea Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, " Cabassous tatouay Nyctimene certans « Tanzania, Uganda Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay Indonesia, Papua New Guinea ^ ' Tolypeutes matacus Nyctimene cyclotis Family RHDMOLOPHroAE Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Cloeotis percivali '- Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, *- Paranyctimene raptor South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Order INSECTIVORA Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Coelops robinsoni '- Family ERINACEIDAE " Pteropus chrysoproctus Malaysia * Hylomys sinensis Ambon Flying-fox Hipposideros camerunensis " China, Myanmar, Viet Nam Indonesia Cameroon, Kenya, Zaire Pteropus temmincki " Hipposideros coronatus *- Indonesia Family SORICroAE Philippines Pteropus vetulus '- Blarinella wardi " Hipposideros curtus "- New Caledonia Southern Short-tailed Shrew Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, " China, Myanmar Rousettus bidens Nigeria? Indonesia Crocidura thalia * Hipposideros dinops *- ' Ethiopia Rousettus obliviosus Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Comoros Solomon Islands Sorex macrodon " '- Mexico Styloctenium wallacei Hipposideros edwardshilli « Indonesia Papua New Guinea Sorex oreopolus " " « Mexico Thoopterus nigrescens Hipposideros fuliginosus Swift Fruit Bat Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Indonesia, Philippines? Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire Order CHIROPTERA Family EMBALLONURIDAE Hipposideros halophyllus "^ Thailand Family PTEROPODIDAE Balantiopteryx io '- « Acerodon celebensis " Belize, Guatemala, Mexico Hipposideros hypophyllus Sulawesi Fruit Bat Cyttarops alecto '- India Indonesia Brazil, Costa Rica, Guyana, Hipposideros jonesi '- Nicaragua Burkina Aethalops alecto '- Faso, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Pygmy Fruit Bat Diclidurus isabellus ' Sudan Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Brazil, Venezuela Hipposideros lekaguli •'^ Casinycters argynnis '- Saccolaimus flaviventris *- Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand Short-palate Fruit Bat Australia, Papua New Guinea Hipposideros lylei ' Cameroon, Zaire Saccolaimus peli Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand Cynopterus nusatenggara '- Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Indonesia Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Hipposideros macrobullatus '- Uganda, Zaire Indonesia Dobsonia exoleta '- Saccopteryx '- *- Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat gymnura Hipposideros madurae Indonesia Brazil, Venezuela? Indonesia *- ' Dobsonia minor "- Taphozous australis Hipposideros obscurus Australia, Papua New Guinea Philippines Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Hipposideros pratti *- China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Dobsonia praedatrix "- Family NYCTERIDAE Thailand, Viet Nam New Britain Naked-backed Bat Nycteris aurita '^ Hipposideros pygmaeus " Papua New Guinea Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania Philippines Dyacopterus spadiceus'- Nycteris intermedia "- Hipposideros schistaceus '- Dyak Fruit Bat Angola, Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire, India Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Gabon, Ghana, Tanzania, Zaire Philippines *^ Nycteris woodi '- Hipposideros semoni ••- Australia, Papua Guinea Epomophorus angolensis Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi, New Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat Mozambique, Somalia?, South Hipposideros sorenseni '- Angola, Namibia Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe Indonesia

136 Mammals •n

Hipposideros stenotis " Pteronotus quadridens '- Martinique, Montserrat, St Lucia, St Australia Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Vincent Jamaica, Puerto Rico Hipposideros sumbae * Phyllonycteris poeyi "- Indonesia Cuban Flower Bat Cuba, Dominican Haiti Hipposideros wollastoni ••- Family PHYLLOSTOMIDAE Republic, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Anoura latidens ' Phyllops falcatiis •'- Rhinolophus alcyone ' Venezuela Cayman Islands, Cuba, Haiti Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Ardops nichollsi "- Phyllostomus latifolius *- Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Colombia, French Guiana Senegal, Sierra Leone?, Nigeria, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, St Platyrrhinus aurarius *- Sudan, Uganda, Zaire Lucia, St Vincent Colombia, Suriname, Venezuela Rhinolophus blasii '- *- Artibeus amplus Platyrrhinus infuscus *- Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Colombia, Venezuela Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ethiopia, Greece, Artibeus concolor " Peru Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Morocco, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, '- Pakistan, Romania, Somalia, South Platyrrhinus umbratus Peru, Venezuela Africa, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Colombia, Panama?, Venezuela Artibeus fimbriatus '- Turkmenistan, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Rhinophylla alethina '- Zaire Brazil, Paraguay Colombia, Ecuador *- '- Artibeus inopinatus Rhinolophus canuti Rhinophylla fischerae *- El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua Indonesia Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru '- '- Artibeus obscurus Rhinolophus celebensis Sturnira aratathomasi '- Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Indonesia Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela French Guiana, Pern, Venezuela Rhinolophus cornutus "- Sturnira bidens " Brachyphylla nana '- China?, Japan Brazil?, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, creaghi '- Venezuela Rhinolophus Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica Indonesia, Malaysia *- (ex), Turks and Caicos Islands Sturnira magna '- Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Rhinolophus guineensis Choeroniscus godmani " "- Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Sturnira mordax Rhinolophus maclaudi "- Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama Guinea, Liberia, Rwanda, Uganda, Mexico, Nicaragua, Suriname, Tonatia evotis *- Zaire Venezuela Belize, Guatemala, Honduras '- Rhinolophus monoceros •- Choeroniscus intermedius Vampyressa bidens '- Taiwan Brazil, French Guiana, Pern, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago Rhinolophus nereis *- Pern, Suriname, Venezuela •"- Indonesia Choeronycteris mexicana Vampyressa melissa '- Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, USA Rhinolophus philippinensis "- Colombia, French Guiana, Peru '- Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Diphylla ecaudata Vampyrum spectrum *- Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Rhinolophus rufus "- Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Philippines Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA, Nicaragua, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad - Rhinolophus shameli Venezuela and Tobago, Venezuela Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Glossophaga morenoi "- Thailand Mexico "- Family NATALmAE Rhinolophus silvestris Lonchorhina orinocensis '- "- Congo, Gabon Colombia, Venezuela Natalus lepidus *- Bahamas, Cuba Rhinolophus thomasi Micronycteris daviesi « China, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Family VESPERTILIONmAE *- Honduras, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Rhinolophus virgo Chalinolobus beatrix •- Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Philippines Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Rhinolophus yunanensis " Micronycteris sylvestris '- Guinea-Bissau?, Kenya Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, China, India, Thailand Chalinolobus egeria '- Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Cameroon, Uganda Nicaragua, Panama, Pern, Trinidad Family MORMOOPIDAE and Tobago, Venezuela Chalinolobus gleni '- Cameroon, Uganda Mormoops blainvillii ' Monophyllus plethodon *- *- Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Chalinolobus picatus Jamaica, Puerto Rico Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Australia

137 Lower Risk : near threatened

Chalinolobus poensis '- Miniopterus fraterculus *- Myotis macrodactylus *- Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea, Angola, Madagascar, Malawi, Japan, Russia Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia Gambia, Ghana?, Nigeria, Senegal, Myotis macrotarsus "- Leone, Zaire Sierra Miniopterus minor ^- Malaysia, Phihppines Chalinolobus tuberculatus *- Comoros, Congo, Kenya, Myotis martiniquensis '- New Zealand Madagascar, Sao Tome & Principe, Barbados, Martinique Tanzania, Zaire Eptesicus bobrinskoi '- Myotis montivagus '- Iran?, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Miniopterus schreibersi *- China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Uzbekistan Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Thailand Angola, Australia, Austria, Eptesicus brunneus "- Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Myotis myotis *- Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea Botswana, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Greater Mouse-eared Bat (Bioko), Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Central African Republic, China, Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Sierra Leone, Zaire Croatia, Ethiopia, France, Gambia?, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, ^- Eptesicus caurinus Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Australia Guinea, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Eptesicus douglasorum '- Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Australia Netherlands, Poland, Portugal Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, (Azores), Romania, Slovakia, Eptesicus floweri "- Malaysia, Malta, Morocco, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Sudan Mali, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom Eptesicus guineensis '- Nepal, Papua New Guinea, (ex?), Yugoslavia Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Senegal, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Myotis nesopolus *- Sierra Leone, Zaire Rwanda?, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Colombia, Venezuela Eptesicus pachyotis '- Islands, Somalia?, South Africa, Myotis pequinius *- India, Myanmar, Thailand Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, China Eudiscopus denticulus *- Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Myotis ricketti *- Laos, Myanmar Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, China Glischropus javanus '- Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Viet Myotis ridleyi '- Javan Thick-thumbed Bat Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Indonesia, Malaysia Indonesia Zambia, Zimbabwe Harpiocephalus mordax « Myotis rosseti '^ Murine aenea « Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand Cambodia, Thailand Malaysia Histiotus macrotus *- Nyctalus aviator '- Murina aurata '- Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru China, Japan, North Korea, South China, Myanmar, Nepal Korea Histiotus velatus *- « Murina huttoni '- Brazil, Paraguay Nyctalus lasiopterus China, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, la io *- Viet Nam Croatia, France, Greece, Hungary, China, India, Laos, Thailand, Viet *- Nam Murina rozendaali Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, Malaysia Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Kerivoula cuprosa « Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Murina silvatica " Cameroon, Kenya, Zaire Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Japan Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Kerivoula intermedia " Myotis annectans ' Malaysia Nyctalus leisleri *- India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand Algeria, Armenia?, Kerivoula minuta *- Afghanistan, '- Belgium, Malaysia, Thailand Myotis bombinus Austria, Azerbaijan?, China, Japan, Russia Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, *- Kerivoula smithi China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Myotis chiloensis '- Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire, Kenya, France, Georgia?, Germany, Greece, Chile Liberia, Nigeria, Zaire Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Laephotis angolensis '- Myotis fortidens '- Kazakhstan?, Latvia, Libya, Angola, Zaire Guatemala, Mexico Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Pakistan, '- Myotis frater '- Laephotis botswanae Poland, Portugal (Madeira), China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, Botswana, Malawi, South Africa, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe South Korea (Canary Is), Switzerland, Laephotis wintoni *- Myotis goudoti *- Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa Comoros, Madagascar Kingdom, Uzbekistan?, Yugoslavia

Lasiurus egregius * Myotis hosonoi '- Nyctalus montanus *- Brazil, French Guiana, Panama Japan Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan

138 " "

Mammals ^

Nycticeius rueppellii Family MOLOSSIDAE Tadarida espiritosantensis *- Australia Brazil Chaerephon bregullae *- *- Nyctophilus daedalus Fiji, Vanuatu Tadarida fulminans *- Australia Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Chaerephon chapini *- '^ Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Nyctophilus sherrini Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Australia Namibia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe '- Nyctophilus walkeri " Tadarida ventralis Australia Chaerephon johorensis *- Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Indonesia, Malaysia South Africa, Sudan, Pipistrellus oriel Tanzania, Zaire Egypt, Sudan Chaerephon solomonis "

Pipistrellus bodenheimeri « Solomon Islands Israel, Oman, Yemen Cheiromeles parvidens *- Order Pipistrellus cadornae « Indonesia, Philippines PRIMATES India, Myanmar, Thailand '- Cheiromeles torquatus Family CHEIROGALEmAE Pipistrellus kitcheneri "- Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines Phanerfurcifer " Indonesia Eumops underwoodi '- Fork-marked Lemur *- Belize, El Salvador. Honduras, Pipistrellus macrotis Madagascar Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Nicaragua, USA

"- Pipistrellus tnordax "- Molossops abrasus Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Indonesia, Philippines? Family LORIDAE Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela *- Pipistrellus musciculus '" •*- Arctocebus aureus Cameroon, Gabon, Zaire Molossops mattogrossensis Golden Potto Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela Pipistrellus papuanus *- Cameroon, Central African '- Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Molossus aztecus Republic?, Congo, Equatorial Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Guinea, Gabon, Zaire? paterculus ' Pipistrellus Nicaragua China, India, Myanmar, Thailand Arctocebus calabarensis "" Molossus coibensis *- Pipistrellus pulveratus '- Angwantibo Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, China, Hong Kong, Thailand Cameroon, Nigeria Mexico, Panama, Peru. Venezuela Pipistrellus wattsi *- Mops congicus '- Family GALAGONffiAE Papua New Guinea Cameroon, Gambia?, Ghana, Euoticus elegantulus '" '- Rhogeessa alleni Nigeria, Uganda, Zaire Western Needle-clawed Galago Mexico Mops demonstrator *- Angola?, Cameroon, Central African Rhogeessa genowaysi '- Burkina Faso, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Mexico Gabon, Zaire Mops petersoni '- Rhogeessa gracilis '- Cameroon, Ghana, Sierra Leone? Euoticus pallidus '" Mexico Northern Needle-clawed Mops sarasinorum *- Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Rhogeessa minutilla " Indonesia, Philippines Colombia, Venezuela Nigeria Mops trevori '- Galago alleni '" Rhogeessa mira " Uganda, Zaire Mexico Allen's Galago Tadarida australis '- " Angola?, Cameroon, Central African Rhogeessa parvula Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Mexico Guinea Gabon, Nigeria

" '- Scotoecus albofuscus Tadarida brasiliensis Galago gallarum '" Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Ghana, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Somali Galago Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahamas, Ethiopia?, Kenya, Somalia Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, '" Sudan Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Galago niatschiei Lesser Needle-clawed Galago Scotomanes omatus '- Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Burundi?, Rwanda?, Uganda, Zaire China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Viet Nam Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Galago zanzibaricus '" Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Scotophilus "- Zanzibar Galago nigrita Netherlands Antilles, Montserrat, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Mozambique, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, St Sudan, Togo, Zaire, Zimbabwe '" Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks Otolemur garnettii Scotophilus robustus " and Caicos Islands, USA, Uruguay, Small-eared Greater Galago Madagascar Venezuela Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania

139 Lower Risk : near threatened

Family CERCOPITHECIDAE Papio hamadryas "" Family FELffiAE Hamadryas Baboon * Allenopithecus nigroviridis '" Catopuma temmincki Djibouti, Egypt (ex), Eritrea, Swamp Monkey Asiatic Golden Cat Allen's Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Congo, Zaire Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Cameroon, Sudan, Yemen China, India, Indonesia, Laos, '"' Cercocebus atys Papio papio '" Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sooty Mangabey Guinea Baboon Thailand, Viet Nam Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau?, tigrinus * Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Senegal, Leopardus Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Sierra Little Spotted Cat Sierra Leone Leone Argentina, Bolivia?, Brazil, Cercocebus galeritus "" Presbytis femoralis '" Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Crested Mangabey Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua?, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Paraguay?, Suriname, Venezuela Gabon, Presbytis thomasi '" Congo, Equatorial Guinea, * Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire Indonesia Panthera onca Jaguar '" "" Cercocebus torquatus Procolobus badius Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Red-capped Mangabey Red Colobus Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Cameroon, Congo, Cote d'lvoire. Burundi, Cameroon, Central African French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Republic, Congo, Cote d'lvoire. Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Ghana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Sierra Leone Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Venezuela Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra CercopUhecus hamlyni '" * Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire Prionailurus viverrinus Owl-faced Monkey Fishing Cat '" Rwanda, Uganda?, Zaire Procolobus verus Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Olive Colobus China, India, Indonesia, CercopUhecus Ihoesti '" Cambodia, Benin?, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, L'Hoest's Monkey Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Pakistan (ex?), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burandi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire Leone, Togo (ex?) Viet Nam Colobus polykomos "" Semnopithecus entellus '•" Western Black-and-white Colobus Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Cote d'lvoire, Gambia, Guinea, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Family MUSTELffiAE Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Senegal?, '" '" Sierra Leone Theropithecus gelada Aonyx cinerea Gelada Baboon Oriental Small-clawed Otter Lophocebus aterrimus '" Ethiopia Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Black Mangabey Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Angola, Zaire Trachypithecus cristatus '•" Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Brunei?, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Macaca fascicularis '" Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Crab-eating Macaque Viet Nam Singapore?, Thailand, Viet Nam Brunei?, Cambodia, India (Andaman Aonyx congica '-' & Nicobar Is), Indonesia, Laos, Burundi?, Cameroon, Central Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Thailand, Viet Nam Family HYLOBATmAE Niger?, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire '" Macaca hecki Hylobates agilis '" Heck's Macaque Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand Indonesia Family PHOCIDAE Hylobates lar '« '" '" Macaca mulatta China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Phoca sibirica Rhesus Macaque Myanmar, Thailand Baikal Seal Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Russia Hylobates muelleri '•" China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, [L. Baikal] Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Pakistan, USA [int], Viet Nam '" Family PROCYONmAE Macaca sinica '" Hylobates syndactylus Toque Macaque Indonesia, Malaysia Bassaricyon beddardi '" Sri Lanka Guyana, Venezuela? Macaca tonkeana "" Order CARNIVORA Bassaricyon gabbii '" Tonkean Macaque Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Indonesia Family CANmAE Nicaragua, Panama Mandrillus sphinx '" Crysocyon brachyurus " Bassariscus sumichrasti '" Mandrill Maned Wolf Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Guatemala, Honduras?, Mexico, Guinea, Gabon Peru, Uruguay? Nicaragua, Panama

140 Mammals n

Order CETACEA Family BOVmAE Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Capra pyrenaica " Family BALAENOPTERmAE Israel, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Spanish Ibex Balaenoptera acutorostrata " Morocco, Niger, Nigeria?, Senegal Portugal (ex), Spain Minke Whale (ex), Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, ' [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (eastern central, Cephalophus callipygus Westem Sahara northeast, northwest, western Peters' Duiker Gazella subgutturosa ' Cameroon, Central central), Mediterranean and Black African Republic, Goitred Gazelle Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon Sea] Afghanistan, Armenia (ex), Cephalophus dorsalis ' Azerbaijan, Bahrain, China, Order PERISSODACTYLA Bay Duiker Georgia(ex), Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Angola, Benin?, Cameroon, Central Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Family TAPIRIDAE African Republic, Congo, Cote Mongolia, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Tapirus terrestris '" d'lvoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Arabia, Syria (ex), Tajikistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uzbekistan, Yemen Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uganda (ex), Zaire Kobus megaceros ' Venezuela Cephalophus leucogaster ' Nile Lechwe White-bellied Duiker Ethiopia, Sudan Cameroon, Central African Republic, " Order ARTIODACTYLA Naemorhedus goral Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Himalayan Goral Uganda (ex), Zaire Family SUIDAE Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan

' Sus philippensis '" Cephalophus maxwellii Neotragus batesi ' Philippine Warty Pig Maxwell's Duiker Bates' Pygmy Antelope Philippines Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'lvoire, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Family Nigeria, Uganda, Zaire TRAGULIDAE Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo " Neotragus pygmaeus "> Hyemoschus aquaticus ' Cephalophus niger Royal Antelope Cameroon, Central African Republic, Black Duiker Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Congo, Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Benin?, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea?, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Okapiajohnstoni ' Leone, Togo Uganda, Zaire Okapi ' Cephalophus nigrifrons Uganda?, Zaire Black-fronted Duiker Family MOSCHIDAE Procapra gutturosa ' Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central " Mongolian Gazelle Moschus berezovskii African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Forest Musk Deer Guinea?, Gabon, Kenya, Rwanda, China, Mongolia, Russia China, Myanmar, Viet Nam Uganda, Zaire Procapra picticaudata ' " Moschus chrysogaster Cephalophus ogilbyi ' Tibetan Gazelle Bhutan?, China, India Afghanistan, China, India, Nepal, Ogilby's Duiker Pakistan Cameroon, Congo?, Cote d'lvoire. Pseudois nayaur " Moschus fuscus " Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Blue Sheep Black Musk Deer Guinea?, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra China, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan Leone Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Taurotragus derbianus ' Nepal Cephalophus silvicultor ' Giant Eland Family CERVIDAE Yellow-backed Duiker Cameroon, Central African Republic, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad (ex?). Cote d'lvoire (ex), " Hydropotes inermis Bumndi (ex?), Cameroon, Central Gambia (ex), Ghana (ex), Chinese Water Deer African Republic, Chad, Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Mali (ex), Nigeria China Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea, (ex), Senegal, Sudan, Togo (ex), Mazama rufina " Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Uganda (ex?), Zaire Nigeria, Rwanda (ex?), Senegal, Little Red Brocket Deer Tragelaphus eurycerus ' Uganda, Ecuador, Venezuela Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Bongo Zaire, Zambia Ozotoceros bezoarticus " Benin (ex?), Cameroon, Central Pampas Deer Cephalophus weynsi ' African Republic, Congo, Cote Guinea, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Weyn's Duiker d'lvoire, Gabon, Ghana, Uruguay Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire Togo (ex?), Uganda (ex), Zaire Pudu mephistophiles " ' Northern Pudu Gazella dorcas ' Tragelaphus spekii Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Dorcas Gazelle Sitatunga

141 ' '

Lower Risk : near threatened

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Hylopetes bartelsi " Sundasciurus brookei " Cameroon, Central African Republic, Indonesia Indonesia, Malaysia Chad, Congo, Cote d'lvoire?. Hylopetes nigripes " Sundasciurus moellendorffi " Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Philippines Philippines Ghana (ex?), Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, " Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Lariscus niobe " Sundasciurus steerii Niger (ex), Nigeria, Rwanda, Indonesia Philippines Senegal, Sierra Leone (ex?), Sudan, " Lariscus obscurus " Syntheosciurus brochus Tanzania, Togo (ex?), Uganda, Indonesia Mountain Squirrel Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Costa Rica, Panama Marmota caudata " Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, India, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan Family CASTORIDAE Order PHOLIDOTA Paraxerus alexandri " Castorfiber " Family MANIDAE Uganda, Zaire Eurasian Beaver "" Manis crassicaudata Petaurista magnificus " Austria, Belarus, China, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Indian Pangolin Bhutan, China, India, Nepal Bangladesh, China, India, Pakistan, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Petaurista nobilis " Sri Lanka Lithuania, Moldova?, Mongolia, Bhutan, India, Nepal Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Manis javanica "" Petinomys lugens " Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Malayan Pangolin Indonesia Switzerland, Ukraine Bangladesh?, Brunei, Cambodia, China?, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Prosciurillus weberi " Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore Indonesia Family GEOMYmAE (ex?), Thailand, Viet Nam " Pteromys volans Orthogeomys cherriei "" Manis pentadactyla Russian Flying Squirrel Costa Rica Chinese Pangolin China, Finland, Japan, Mongolia, Pappogeomys fumosus " Bangladesh?, Cambodia, China, North Korea, Russia, South Korea Mexico Hong Kong, India, Laos, Myanmar, Pteromyscus pulverulentus " " Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam Pappogeomys tylorhinus Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico Manis temminckii ™ Thailand " Temminck's Ground Pangolin Pappogeomys zinseri Sciurus anomalus Angola, Botswana, Central African Mexico Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Persian Squirrel Thomomys umbrinus " Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Mexico, USA Greece, Iran, Iraq, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Turkey Family HETEROMYmAE Zambia, Zimbabwe Sciurus arizonensis " Mexico, USA Dipodomys nitratoides "- " San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat Sciurus richmondi USA Order RODENTIA Nicaragua " ' Dipodomys phillipsii Family SCIURIDAE Sciurus sanbomi " Mexico " Peru Aeretes melanopterus Heteromys goldmani " ' China Sciurus vulgaris Mexico " Red Squirrel Belomys pearsonii " Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Heteromys oresterus Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Costa Rica Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Czech Republic, Denmark, " Viet Nam Finland, Liomys adspersus France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Panama " Eoglaucomys fimbriatus Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Liomys spectabilis " India, Pakistan Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Mexico Epixerus ebii " Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, alticola *^ Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Perognathus Leone Switzerland, United Kingdom, White-eared Pocket Mouse Yugoslavia USA Epixerus wilsoni " " " Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon Spermophilus madrensis Perognathus amplus Mexico Mexico, USA Funisciurus Isabella " Cameroon, Central African Republic, Spermophilus major " Congo Russia Family DEPODroAE Hylopetes haberi " Spermophilus perotensis " Allactaga buUata " Afghanistan Mexico China, Mongolia

142 "" "

Mammals *n

Allactaga euphratica " Brachyuromys ramirohitra " Eliurus webbi " Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Madagascar Madagascar Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey Bunomys fratrorum " Gerbillus nancillus " Jaculus orientalis " Indonesia Sudan Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Libya, Bunomys heinrichi " Gerbillus poecilops " Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia Indonesia Saudi Arabia, Yemen Pygeretmus shitkovi " " Calomyscus mystax Gerbillus riggenbachi " Kazakhstan Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan Western Sahara [L. Balkhash] Calomyscus tsolovi " Grammomys minnae " heptneri Salpingotus Syria Ethiopia Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan Calomyscus urartensis '* Habromys lepturus " " Salpingotus kozlovi Azerbaijan, Iran Mexico China, Mongolia * Celaenomys silaceus Hapalomys delacouri " " Sicista betulina Philippines China, Viet Nam Northern Birch Mouse •" Chibchanomys trichotis Hapalomys longicaudatus " Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Czech Colombia, Peru, Venezuela Myanmar Republic, Denmark, Finland, " Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Chionomys gud Hodomys alleni " Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Norway, Georgia, Russia, Turkey Mexico Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, nivalis « Chionomys Hybomys basilii " Sweden, Ukraine Snow Vole Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) ' Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Sicista subtilis Hydromys habbema " Southern Birch Mouse Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, " Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Georgia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Hydromys hussoni Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Poland, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Hydromys shawmayeri " Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Ichthyomys hydrobates '* Chionomys roberti " Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela Georgia, Russia, Turkey Family MURIDAE Isthmomys pirrensis " Chiropodomys muroides " Panama Acomys nesiotes " Malaysia Cyprus Juscelinomys candango " Clethrionomys sikotanensis '" "' Brazil Aethomys stannarius Japan, Russia Cameroon, Nigeria Kadarsanomys sodyi " Cricetulus migratorius ' Indonesia Akodon sanctipaulensis " Grey Hamster Brazil Afghanistan, Bulgaria, China, Lasiopodomys fuscus " Iraq, Israel, China Alticola albicauda " Greece, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova, India, Pakistan Leggadina forresti " Pakistan, Romania, Mongolia, Australia Alticola roylei Russia, Turkey, Ukraine China, India Leggadina lakedownensis " Dasymysfoxi " " Lakeland Downs Mouse Apodemus semotus Nigeria Taiwan Australia Dendromus kahuziensis " Lemniscomys roseveari '" Arvicola sapidus » Zaire Zambia Southern Water Vole Dendromus lovati " France, Portugal, Spain Lenoxus apicalis « Ethiopia Beamys major " Bolivia, Peru Dendroprionomys rousseloti " Lophuromys medicaudatus '" Greater Hamster-rat Congo Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia Rwanda, Zaire ' Dinaromys bogdanovi " Bibimys torresi Lophuromys melanonyx Balkan Snow Vole Argentina Ethiopia Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, " Blanfordimys bucharicus " Macedonia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia Lophuromys rahmi Rwanda, Zaire Afghanistan?, Tajikistan Diomys crumpi " '" Blarinomys breviceps " India, Nepal Malacomys lukolelae Zaire Brazil Diplothrix legatus " " Brachyuromys betsileoensis " Ryukyu Long-tailed Giant Rat Mallomys istapantap Madagascar Japan (Nansei-shoto) Indonesia, Papua New Guinea

143 '

Lower Risk : near threatened

Mastomys verheyeni " Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, USA, Oryzomys levipes " Cameroon, Nigeria Ukraine Bolivia, Peru Maxomys hylomyoides " Microtus sachalinensis " Oryzomys oniscus " Indonesia Russia Brazil Maxomys pagensis " Microtus tatricus * Otomys anchietae " Indonesia Tatra Vole Angola, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine Maxomys panglima " Otomys denti "' Philippines Microtus thomasi ' Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia " Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Megadontomys cryophilus Otomys saundersiae " Greece, Macedonia, Mexico Croatia, South Africa Slovenia, Yugoslavia " Melomys aerosus Otomys sloggetti " mayori " Indonesia Mus South Africa " Sri Lanka Melomys bougainville Otomys typus " spicilegus ' Solomon Islands Mus Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Steppe Mouse Melomys fraterculus " Uganda, Zambia Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Indonesia " Croatia, Hungary, Macedonia, Peromyscus grandis " Melomys obiensis Romania, Slovenia, Ukraine, Guatemala Indonesia Yugoslavia Peromyscus guardia " " Mesembriomys gouldii Mus vulcani " Mexico Australia Indonesia Peromyscus simulus " " Microdillus peeli Myomys albipes " Mexico Somalia Ethiopia Peromyscus winkelmanni " Microhydromys richardsoni " Myopus sckisticolor ' Mexico Indonesia, Papua New Guinea China, Finland, Mongolia, Norway, Petromyscus monticularis " Micromys minutus " Russia, Sweden South Africa Harvest Mouse " Myospalax epsilanus Phloeomys pallidus "• Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?, China, Russia Philippines Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and " Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Myospalax rothschildi Phyllotis bonaeriensis *» Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, China Argentina Finland, France, Georgia, Estonia, Myospalax smithii " Pithecheir melanurus " Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, China Indonesia Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, " " Mongolia, Netherlands, North Korea, Neacomys pictus Podoxymys roraimae Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Panama Guyana South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Neotoma magister " Praomys mutoni '" Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Allegheny Woodrat Zaire Kingdom, Yugoslavia USA Prionomys batesi " Microtus cabrerae ' Neotoma palatina " Dollman's Tree Mouse Cabrera's Vole Mexico Cameroon, Central African Republic France, Portugal, Spain Nesokia bunnii " Proedromys bedfordi " Microtus feltini Iraq China Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, " " Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Niviventer coxingi Pseudomys delicatulus Slovenia, Yugoslavia Taiwan Australia " " Microtus guentheri ' Niviventer culturatus Pseudomys desertor Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Taiwan Australia Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Niviventer hinpoon " Pseudomys johnsoni " Slovenia, Turkey, Yugoslavia Thailand Australia Microtus nasarovi " Notomys aquilo " Pseudomys nanus " Russia Northern Hopping-mouse Australia Microtus oaxacensis " Australia Rattus foramineus " Mexico Notomys cervinus " Indonesia Microtus oeconomus * Australia Rattus giluwensis " Root Vole Oligoryzomys vegetus " Giluwe Rat Austria, Belarus?, Canada, Czech Panama Papua New Guinea Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Oryzomys dimidiatus " Rattus hainaldi '= Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Nicaragua Indonesia

144 " '

Mammals n

Rattus jobiensis " Xenuromys barbatus " Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Indonesia Rock-dwelling Rat Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Rattus koopmani " Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Indonesia Rattus sordidus " Family BATHYERGmAE Australia Family ANOMALURIDAE Bathyergus janetta " " Rattus tunneyi Anomalurus pelii Namibia, South Africa Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Australia Cryptomys foxi " Leone Reithrodontomys hirsutus " Nigeria Mexico Idiurus macrotis " Cryptomys zechi " Benin, Cameroon, Central African Reithrodontomys microdon " Ghana, Togo Republic, Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Guatemala, Mexico " Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Heliophobius argenteocinereus " Reithrodontomys paradoxus Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Costa Rica, Nicaragua Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Idiurus zenkeri " " Reithrodontomys zacatecae Cameroon, Central African Republic, Family HYSTRICIDAE Mexico Congo, Gabon, Uganda, Zaire Hystrix crassispinis " mexicanus " " Rheomys Zenkerella insignis Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Mexico Flightless Scaly-tailed Squirrel Hystrix cristata Rhipidomys caucensis " Cameroon, Central African Republic, Crested Porcupine Colombia Gabon Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Rhipidomys ochrogaster " Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Italy, Kenya, Peru Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Family MYOXIDAE Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Solomys salebrosus " Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Dryomys laniger " Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Westem Turkey Srilankamys oriensis " Sahara Sri Lanka Dryomys nitedula * Family CHINCHILLroAE Steatomys cuppedius " Forest Dormouse Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Austria, Belarus, Lagidium wolffsohni •" Senegal Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Argentina, Chile Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Stenocephalemys albocaudata "' Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Family CAVIIDAE Ethiopia Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Pakistan, DoUchotis patagonum " griseicauda "' Slovakia, Stenocephalemys Poland, Romania, Russia, Argentina Ethiopia Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, " Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Dolichotis satinicola Tachyoryctes daemon " Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay Rwanda, Tanzania " Tachyoryctes spalacinus " Eliomys melanurus Family DASYPROCTmAE Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya Dasyprocta mexicana " Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Saudi " Mexico Taeromys punicans Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey Indonesia Muscardinus avellanarius '" "' Thallomys shortridgei Common Dormouse Family AGOUXmAE South Africa Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Agouti taczanowskii " " Thomasomys monochromos and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Colombia Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Thomasomys notatus " Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Family CTENOMYmAE Peru Netherlands, Poland, Romania, " " Ctenomys latro Tylomys fulviventer Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Argentina Panama Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Ctenomys nattereri " Uromys anak " United Kingdom, Yugoslavia Brazil Papua New Guinea Myoxus glis « Ctenomys sociabilis " Uromys hadrourus " Fat Dormouse Argentina Australia Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Volemys clarkei " Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, China Family ECHIMYroAE Czech Republic, Estonia?, France, " Xenomys nelsoni " Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Carterodon sulcidens Mexico Iran, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Brazil

145 Lower Risk : near threatened

Diplomys caniceps " Class AVES Order PROCELLARIIFORMES Colombia, Ecuador Family DIOMEDEmAE Echimys blainvillei " Order RHEIFORMES -' Brazil Diomedea bulleri Family RHEffiAE Buller's Albatross Echimys pictus " Rhea americana -' New Zealand Brazil Greater Rhea -' " Diomedea chrysostoma Isothrix bistriata Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Grey-headed Albatross Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela Uruguay Australia, Falkland Islands, French " Isothrix pagurus Rhea pennata -' Southern and Antarctic Territories, Brazil Lesser Rhea New Zealand, South Africa " Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru Olallamys albicauda Diomedea epomophora -' Colombia Royal Albatross Olallamys edax " New Zealand Order CASUARIIFORMES Colombia, Venezuela Diomedea irrorata -' " Proechimys albispinus Family CASUARIIDAE Waved Albatross Brazil Ecuador Casuarius bennetti -' " Proechimys gorgonae Dwarf Cassowary Phoebetria fusca -' Colombia Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Sooty Albatross French Southern and Antarctic Family CAPROMYroAE Territories, South Africa, St Helena Order TINAMIFORMES Mysateles melanurus " Bushy-tailed Hutia Family TINAMmAE Cuba Family PROCELLARiroAE Crypturellus columbianus -' " Mysateles meridionalis Colombian Tinamou Macronectes halli -' Isla de la Juventud Tree Hutia Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Northern Giant-petrel Cuba Peru Australia, French Southern and Antarctic Territories, New Zealand, Crypturellus noctivagus -' South Africa Yellow-legged Tinamou -' Order LAGOMORPHA Brazil Puffinus bulleri Buller's Shearwater Family Crypturellus transfasciatus " OCHOTONIDAE New Zealand Pale-browed Tinamou Ochotona forresti "" Ecuador, Peru Forrest's Pika Family HYDROBATmAE Nothocercus nigrocapiltus -' Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar Oceanodroma homochroa -' Hooded Tinamou Ochotona thomasi "" Ashy Storm-petrel Bolivia, Peru Thomas' Pika Mexico, USA Tinamus solitarius -' China Oceanodroma monorhis -' Solitary Tinamou Swinhoe's Storm-petrel Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay South Korea, Taiwan. * China Family LEPORmAE Japan, Oceanodroma tethys -' Brachylagus idahoensis "" Wedge-rumped Storm-petrel Pygmy Rabbit Order SPHENISCIFORMES USA Ecuador, Peru Family SPHENISCIDAE Oceanodroma tristrami -' Lepus callotis "" -' Tristram's Storm-petrel White-sided Jackrabbit Spheniscus demersus Japan (Kazan-retto), USA (Hawaiian Mexico, USA Jackass Penguin Namibia, South Africa. * Angola, Is) "" Lepus insularis Mozambique Black Jackrabbit -' Mexico Spheniscus humboldti Humboldt Penguin Order Lepus yarkandensis "" PELECANIFORMES Chile, Peru Yarkland Hare Family SULIDAE China Moms capensis -' Sylvilagus cunicularius "" Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Cape Gannet Mexican Cottontail Namibia, South Africa. * Angola, Mexico Family PODICIPEDroAE Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Sylvilagus mansuetus '" Podiceps gallardoi -' Guinea, Gabon, Mozambique, San Jose Brush Rabbit Hooded Grebe Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Mexico Argentina Tanzania, Zaire

146 Birds

Family Myanmar, Philippines, Taiwan, Mozambique, Pakistan, Senegal, PHALACROCORACIDAE Thailand, Viet Nam Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda,

=' Yemen, Zimbabwe Phalacrocorax coronatus -' Tigrisoma fasciatum Crowned Cormorant Fasciated Tiger-heron Angola, Namibia, South Africa Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Order ANSERIFORMES -' Phalacrocorax gaimardi Venezuela Red-legged Cormorant Family ANHIMIDAE Zebrilus undulatus -' Argentina, Chile, Peru Chauna chavaria -' Zigzag Heron Phalacrocorax neglectus '' Northern Screamer Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela Bank Cormorant French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Namibia, South Africa Suriname, Venezuela -' Family Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Zonerodius heliosylus -' ANATTOAE Socotra Cormorant Forest Bittern Aix galericulata -' Yemen Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Mandarin Duck Phalacrocorax pygmeus -' China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, Pygmy Cormorant Family BALAENICIPITmAE South Korea. * Austria [int], Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Belgium [int], Netherlands [int], Balaeniceps rex -' Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Taiwan, United Kingdom [int] Shoebill Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Anas luzonica -' Bumndi?, Central African Republic, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Philippine Duck Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Sudan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Philippines Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia Yugoslavia. * Afghanistan, Austria, Anas melleri -' Georgia, Israel Family CICONIIDAE Meller's Duck Madagascar, Mauritius [int] Anastomus oscitans -' Family ANHEVGIDAE Anas specularis -' Asian Openbill Spectacled Duck Anhinga melanogaster^' Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Argentina, Chile Oriental Darter Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam Chtoephaga rubidiceps -' India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mycteria leucocephala ^' Ruddy-headed Goose Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Painted Stork Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Cygnus buccinator -' (ex?), Viet Nam Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Trumpeter Swan Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam Canada, USA Order CICONIIFORMES Heteronetta atricapilla -' Family ARDEffiAE Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE Black-headed Duck

-' Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Agamia agami 2' Lophotibis cristata Paraguay, Uruguay Agami Heron Madagascar Crested Ibis -' Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Madagascar Neochenjubata Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Pseudibis papulosa -' Orinoco Goose Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Red-naped Ibis Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela Threskiornis melanocephalus -' Tobago, Venezuela Tachyeres leucocephalus -' Black-headed Ibis ^' Chubut Steamerduck Ardea sumatrana Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Argentina Great-billed Heron Indonesia, Japan (ex), Nepal, Australia, Brunei, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Viet Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Nam. * China, Hong Kong, Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Viet Indonesia, Japan, Lesotho, Malaysia, Order FALCONIFORMES Nam Myanmar, Thailand Family ACdPITRTOAE Ardeola idae -' Accipiter butleri -' Madagascar Pond-heron Family PHOENICOPTERroAE Nicobar Sparrowhawk Madagascar, Seychelles. * Burundi, Phoenicopterus minor 2' India Comoros, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Lesser Flamingo -' Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe Accipiter collaris Botswana, Djibouti, Kenya, Semicollared Hawk Ixobrychus eurhythmus -' Mauritania, Namibia, South Africa, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Schrenck's Bittern Zaire, Zambia. * Angola, Burundi, ^' China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, Cameroon, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Accipiter henstii South Korea. * Brunei, China, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Henst's Goshawk Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, India, Madagascar, Malawi, Madagascar

147 Lower Risk : near threatened

Accipiter luteoschistaceus -' Central African Republic, Chad, Henicopemis infuscatus ^' Slaty-mantled Sparrowhawk Cote d'lvoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Black Honey-buzzard Papua New Guinea Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Papua New Guinea Ghana, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Accipiter madagascariensis ^' Ichthyophaga humilis '' Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Sparrowhawk Lesser Fish-eagle Madagascar Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mali, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Madagascar Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Accipiter nanus ^' Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Thailand, Viet Nam Small Sparrowhawk Oman, Pakistan, Rwanda, Saudi ^' Indonesia Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Grey-headed Fish-eagle Accipiter potiogaster -' Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, Grey-bellied Goshawk Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Zambia, Zimbabwe Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Thailand, Viet -' Singapore, Nam Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela Circus maillardi Madagascar Harrier Leucopternis plumbea -' Accipiter princeps -' Comoros, Madagascar, Reunion Plumbeous Hawk New Britain Goshawk Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru Papua New Guinea Circus maurus -' -^ Black Harrier Leucopternis polionota Aegypius monachus -' Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa Mantled Hawk Cinereous Vulture Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Afghanistan, Albania (ex?), Gyps bengalensis -' Leucopternis semiplumbea -' Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria?, White-rumped Vulture Semiplumbeous China, Cyprus?, Georgia, Greece, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Hawk Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Honduras, Panama Mongolia, Pakistan, Portugal, Pakistan, Thailand, Viet Nam Russia, Spain (Balearic Is), Syria?, Megatriorchis doriae ^' Gyps indicus ' Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Doria's Goshawk * Long-billed Vulture Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Bangladesh?, Bhutan?, Egypt, Hong Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Morphnus guianensis ^' Kong, India, Italy, Morocco, Crested Eagle Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Thailand, Viet Nam Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Oman, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Haliaeetus albicilla -' Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Thailand White-tailed Eagle French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, -' Albania (ex?), Armenia, Austria, Aquila gurneyi Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Gumey's Eagle Suriname, Venezuela Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, -' Finland, (jeorgia, Germany, Greece, Oroaetus isidori Aviceda jerdoni ^' Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Black-and-chestnut Eagle Jerdon's Baza Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sarcogyps calvus -' Philippines, Thailand Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Red-headed Vulture Butastur liventer -' Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia. Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, * Rufous-winged Buzzard Afghanistan, Faeroe Islands, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, France, India, Israel, Japan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand, Viet Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam North Korea, Pakistan, South Korea, Nam Taiwan, Tajikistan, USA, United Buteo solitarius -' Spilornis elgini ^' Kingdom [re-int], Uzbekistan Hawaiian Hawk Andaman Serpent-eagle Harpia harpyja -' USA (Hawaiian Is) India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) Harpy Eagle Buteo ventralis -' Spilornis minimus -' Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Rufous-tailed Hawk Nicobar Serpent-eagle Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, India Circaetus fasciolatus -' Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Spizaetus lanceolatus -' Southern Banded Snake-eagle Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname Sulawesi Hawk-eagle Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, South Indonesia Harpyhaliaetus solitarius '' Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Solitary Eagle Spizastur melanoleucus ^' Circus macrourus -' Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Black-and-white Hawk-eagle Pallid Harrier Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa China, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine. * French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Venezuela Venezuela

148 Birds

Family FALCONIDAE Alectoris magna ' Odontophorus melanonotus -' Rusty-necklaced Partridge Dark -backed Wood-quail Falco chicquera -' China Colombia, Ecuador Red-necked Falcon Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan Anurophasis monorthonyx -' Polyplectron chalcurum -' Snow Mountain Quail Bronze-tailed Peacock-pheasant Falco deiroleucus -' Indonesia Indonesia Orange-breasted Falcon Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Arborophila atrogularis -' Syrmaticus mikado -' Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, White-cheeked Partridge Mikado Pheasant Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar Taiwan Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Arborophila crudigularis -' Syrrrmticus soemmerringii ^' Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad Taiwan Partridge Copper Pheasant and Tobago, Venezuela Taiwan Japan Falco novaeseelandiae -' Bonasa sewerzowi -' Tetrao mlokosiewiczi -' New Zealand Falcon Chinese Grouse Caucasian Grouse New Zealand China Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Microhierax latifrons -' Russia, Turkey Chrysolophus amherstiae 2' White-fronted Falconet Lady Amherst's Pheasant Tetraophasis obscurus -' Malaysia China, Myarunar Chestnut-throated Partridge Microhierax melanoleucus -' China Chrysolophus pictus -' Pied Falconet ^' Golden Pheasant Tetraophasis szechenyii Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, China Buff-throated Partridge Viet Nam China, India Crossoptilon auritum -' Phalcoboenus australis-' Blue Eared-pheasant Tragopan satyra ^' Striated Caracara China Satyr Tragopan Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands Bhutan, China, India, Nepal Cyrtonyx ocellatus ^' Polihierax insignis -' Ocellated Quail Tragopan temminckii -' White-rumped Falcon Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Temminck's Tragopan Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicaragua China, India, Myanmar, Viet Nam Thailand, Viet Nam Dendragapus falcipennis -' Siberian Grouse Order GRUIFORMES Order GALLIFORMES China, Russia Dendrortyx macroura -' Family TURNICmAE Family MEGAPODIffiAE Long-tailed Wood-partridge Turnix ocellata ^' Megapodius bernsteinii -' Mexico Spotted Buttonquail Sula Scrubfowl Callus sonneratii -' Philippines Indonesia Grey Junglefowl Megapodius cumingii -' India Family GRUIDAE

Tabon Scrubfowl -' Lophura swinhoii -' Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines Grus antigone Swinhoe's Pheasant Sams Crane Taiwan Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, India, Family CRACIDAE Melanoperdix nigra -' Laos, Nepal, Philippines (ex?), Aburria aburri ^' Black Partridge Thailand (ex?), Viet Nam Wattled Guan Indonesia, Malaysia Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Odontophorus atrifrons ^' Family RALLIDAE Chamaepetes unicolor-' Wood-quail Black-fronted Gallirallus australis ^' Black Guan Colombia, Venezuela Weka Costa Rica, Panama -' Odontophorus columbianus New Zealand Penelope jacucaca ^' Venezuelan Wood-quail Gallirallus rovianae ^' White-browed Guan Venezuela Roviana Rail Brazil Odontophorus dialeucos -' Solomon Islands Penelope pileata ^' Tacarcuna Wood-quai! Laterallus spilonotus -^ White-crested Guan Panama Galapagos Rail Brazil Odontophorus hyperythrus -' Ecuador Chestnut Wood-quail Micropygia schomburgkii -' Family PHASUNIDAE Colombia Ocellated Crake Agriocharis ocellata ^' Odontophorus leucolaemus ^' Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Ocellated Turkey Black-breasted Wood-quail Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Belize, Guatemala, Mexico Costa Rica, Panama Venezuela

149 Lower Risk : near threatened

Neocrex colombianus -' Charadrius peronii -' Limosa haemastica -' Colombian Crake Malaysian Plover Hudsonian Godwit Colombia, Ecuador, Panama Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Canada, USA. * Argentina, Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Porzana paykullii -' Falkland Islands, Mexico, Paraguay, Crake Charadrius placidus -' Band-bellied Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela China, Russia. * China, Indonesia, Long-billed Plover * -' Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, China, Japan, North Korea, Russia. Numenius madagascariensis Thailand, Viet Nam China, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Far Eastern Curlew Myanmar, North Korea, South Korea China, Mongolia, Russia. * Rougetius rougetii -' Australia, Brunei, China, Federated Rouget's Rail Phegornis mitchellii -' States of Micronesia, Fiji, Hong Ethiopia Diademed Sandpiper-plover Eritrea, Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru New Zealand, North Korea, Palau, Pluvianellus socialis -' Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Family OTIDroAE Magellanic Plover South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, '' Eupodotis caerulescens Argentina, Chile Western Samoa Blue Bustard Vanellus cinereus -' Scolopax celebensis -' Lesotho, South Africa Grey-headed Lapwing Sulawesi Woodcock ' Eupodotis humilis China, Japan, Mongolia. * Indonesia Little Brown Bustard Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Family LARIDAE Ethiopia, Somalia Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Neotis nuba -' Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam Lams heermanni -' Nubian Bustard Heermann's Gull Family SCOLOPACIDAE Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan Mexico, USA

-' aucklandica -' Tetrax tetrax -' Coenocorypha Larus pacificus Zealand Snipe Little Bustard New Pacific Gull (Auckland Is, Chatham Albania?, Algeria, Bulgaria (ex), New Zealand Australia Republic (ex), France, Is) China, Czech Larus relictus -' Greece (ex), Iran, Iraq?, Italy, -' Gallinago hardwickii Relict Gull Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Latham's Snipe China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Turkey, * Japan. Australia, China, Indonesia, Russia. * South Korea, Viet Nam Ukraine, Uzbekistan. * Azerbaijan?, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan -' Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Libya, Sterna balaenarum Gallinago imperialis -' Pakistan, Romania, Tajikistan, Damara Tern * Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Yugoslavia Imperial Snipe Angola?, Namibia, South Africa. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Gallinago media -' Ghana, Nigeria, Togo, Zaire? Order CHARADRIIFORMES Great Snipe Sterna elegans -' Belarus, Denmark (ex), Estonia, Elegant Tern Family HAEMATOPODmAE Finland, Germany (ex), Latvia, Mexico, USA Lithuania, Netherlands (ex), Norway, Haematopus moquini -' Poland, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine. * African Oystercatcher Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Family ALCTOAE Namibia, South Africa Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Cote Brachyramphus marmoratus -' d'lvoire, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Marbled Murrelet Gabon, Ghana, India, Iran, Kenya, Family GLAREOLIDAE Canada, Russia, USA Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, -' ^' Glareola nordmanni Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Synthliboramphus craven Black-winged Pratincole Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Craveri's Murrelet Armenia, Belarus, Hungary, Iraq, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Mexico, USA Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus -' Russia, Syria, Ukraine. * Angola, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Xantus's Murrelet Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Gallinago stricklandii -' Canada, Mexico, USA Chad, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Israel, Mali, Mauritania, Namibia, Fuegian Snipe Nigeria, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands South Africa, Sudan, Turkey, Limnodromus semipalmatus -' Order COLUMBIFORMES Uganda, Zaire, Zambia Dowitcher Asian Family COLUMBBDAE China, Mongolia, Russia. * ^' Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Caloenas nicobarica Family CHARADRIIDAE Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Nicobar Pigeon Charadrius javanicus -' Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Cambodia, India (Andaman & Javan Plover Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Nicobar Is), Indonesia, Malaysia, Indonesia Thailand, Viet Nam Myanmar, Palau, Papua New

150 "

Birds

Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Nevis, St Lucia, Virgin Islands Treron floris ^' Islands, Thailand, Viet Nam (British), Virgin Islands (US) Flores Green-pigeon Columba albinucha -' Geotrygon versicolor 2' Indonesia White-naped Pigeon Crested Quail-dove Treron formosae -' Cameroon, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire Jamaica Whistling Green-pigeon

-' Japan, Philippines, Columba araucana Gymnophaps mada -' Taiwan Chilean Pigeon Long-tailed Mountain-pigeon Treron fulvicollis -' Argentina, Chile Indonesia Cinnamon-headed Green-pigeon

-' Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Columba elphinstonii Henicophaps albifrons -' Myanmar, Thailand Nilgiri Wood-pigeon New Guinea Bronzewing India Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Treron oxyura -^

-' Sumatran Green-pigeon Columbajanthina Henicophaps foersteri -' Indonesia Japanese Wood-pigeon New Britain Bronzewing Japan, South Korea, Taiwan Papua New Guinea Treron pembaensis -'

-' Pemba Green-pigeon Columba palumboides Leptotila batty i -' Tanzania Andaman Wood-pigeon Brown-backed Dove India Panama Treron seimundi -' Yellow-vented Green-pigeon Columba pollenii -' Macropygia rufipennis -' Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Viet Nam Comoro Olive-pigeon Andaman Cuckoo-dove -' Comoros India Treron sieboldii White-bellied Green-pigeon Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa ^' Phaps histrionica -' China, Japan, Laos, Taiwan, Sombre Pigeon Bronzewing Flock Thailand, Viet Nam Indonesia Australia Treron teysmannii =' Duculafinschii ^' ' Ptilinopus alligator Sumba Green-pigeon Finsch's Imperial-pigeon Black-banded Fruit-dove Indonesia Papua New Guinea Australia Trugon terrestris -' -' Ducula melanochroa -' Ptilinopus coralensis Thick-billed Ground-pigeon Bismarck Imperial-pigeon Atoll Fruit-dove Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea French Polynesia

^' Gallicolumba canifrons Ptilinopus eugeniae -' Order PSITTACIFORMES Palau Ground-dove White-headed Fruit-dove Family PSITTACroAE Palau Solomon Islands " Agapomis fischeri ^' Gallicolumba luzonica Ptilinopus layardi Fischer's Lovebird Luzon Bleeding-heart Whistling Dove Philippines Tanzania Fiji -' -' Alisterus amboinensis Gallicolumba stairi Ptilinopus merrilli 2' Shy Ground-dove Moluccan King-parrot Cream-bellied Fruit-dove Indonesia Fiji, Tonga, Wallis American Samoa, Philippines and Futuna Islands, Western Samoa Amazona collaria -' •' Ptilinopus monacha Yellow-billed Gallicolumba xanthonura ^' Amazon Blue-capped Fruit-dove Jamaica White-throated Ground-dove Indonesia Federated States of Micronesia, Amazona dufresniana ^' -' Guam (ex), Northern Marianas Ptilinopus rarotongensis Blue-cheeked Amazon Cook Islands Fruit-dove French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Geophaps smithii ^' Cook Islands Venezuela Partridge Pigeon ^' Australia Ptilinopus roseicapilla Amazona finschi -' Mariana Fruit-dove Lilac-crowned Amazon Geotrygon caniceps -' Guam, Northern Marianas Mexico Grey-headed Quail-dove -' ^' Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti Ptilinopus tannensis Amazona leucocephala Tanna Fruit-dove Cuban Amazon Geotrygon goldmani -' Vanuatu Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba Russet-crowned Quail-dove Colombia, Panama Streptopelia reichenowi ^' Amazona ventralis -' White-winged Collared-dove Hispaniolan Amazon Geotrygon mystacea '' Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Bridled Quail-dove Rico [int] Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Treron capellei -' Bahamas, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Large Green-pigeon Aprosmictus jonquillaceus -' Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Olive-shouldered Parrot Antilles, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Myanmar, Thailand Indonesia

151 Lower Risk : near threatened

" Aratinga erythrogenys -' Pionopsitta pileata Indonesia Red-masked Parakeet Pileated Parrot Centropus rectunguis -' Ecuador, Peru Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Short-toed Coucal

-' Brotogeris pyrrhopterus -' Prioniturus discurus Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Grey-cheeked Parakeet Blue-crowned Racquet-tail Centropus spilopterus -' Ecuador, Peru Philippines Kai Coucal

-' -' Prioniturus flavicans Indonesia Cacatua goffini Tanimbar Cockatoo Yellowish-breasted Racquet-tail Centropus unirufus -' Indonesia Indonesia Rufous Coucal

-' -' Prioniturus Philippines Cacatua leadbeateri mada Pink Cockatoo Bum Racquet-tail Coua verreauxi -' Indonesia Australia Verreaux's Coua Probosciger aterrimus " Madagascar Cacatua pastinator -' Palm Cockatoo -' Western Corella Neomorphus squamiger Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Australia Scaled Ground-cuckoo Guinea Brazil Charmosyna margarethae =' Prosopeia personata -' Duchess Lorikeet Masked Shining-parrot Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Order STRIGIFORMES Fiji Charmosyna multistriata -' Family TYTONIDAE Prosopeia splendens -' Striated Lorikeet Crimson Shining-parrot Tyto multipunctata -' Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Fiji Lesser Sooty-owl Charmosyna palmarum -' Australia Psephotus dissimilis -' Palm Lorikeet Hooded Parrot Solomon Islands, Vanuatu Australia Family STRIGmAE Cyanoramphus auriceps -' Psittacula caniceps ^' Aegolius harrisii -' Yellow-fronted Parakeet Nicobar Parakeet Buff-fronted Owl New Zealand India (Andaman & Nicobar Is) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, ^' Enicognathus leptorhynchus Psittacula derbiana =' Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Slender-billed Parakeet Derbyan Parakeet Venezuela Chile China, India Aegolius ridgwayi -'

-' Eos reticulata Psittinus cyanurus -^ Unspotted Saw-whet Owl Blue-streaked Lory Blue-rumped Parrot Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Indonesia Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico Eos semilarvata ' Myanmar, Thailand Bubo nipalensis -' Blue-eared Lory Pyrrhura rhodocephala -' Spot-bellied Eagle-owl Indonesia Rose-headed Parakeet Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Loriculus pusillus -' Venezuela Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam Yellow-throated Hanging-parrot Touit costaricensis -' Glaucidium castanonotum -' Indonesia Red-fronted Parrotlet Chestnut-backed Owlet Loriculus tener -' Costa Rica, Panama Sri Lanka Green-fronted Hanging-parrot -' Papua New Guinea Ketupa flavipes Order CUCULIFORMES Tawny Fish-owl " Lorius albidinuchus Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Family MUSOPHAGIDAE White-naped Lory Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Viet Papua New Guinea Tauraco fischeri -' Nam

-' Fischer's Turaco -' Micropsitta geelvinkiana Ninox affinis Geelvink Pygmy-parrot Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania Andaman Hawk Owl Indonesia India

-' Family CUCULmAE Nannopsittaca dachilleae Otus balli -' Amazonian Parrotlet Carpococcyx renauldi -' Andaman Scops Owl Peru Coral-billed Ground-cuckoo India Viet Neophema pulchella ^' Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Nam Otus barbarus -' Turquoise Parrot Centropus andamanensis -' Santa Barbara Screech-owl Australia Brown Coucal Guatemala, Mexico Nestor notabilis -' India, Myanmar Otus colombianus -' Kea Centropus chalybeus " Colombian Screech-owl New Zealand Biak Coucal Colombia, Ecuador

152 Birds

Otus hartlaubi -' Metallura iracunda 2' Sao Tome Scops-owl Perija Metaltail Sao Tome & Principe (Principe?, Order APODIFGRMES Colombia, Venezuela Sao Tome) Metallura odomae -' Family APODmAE Otus pembaensis ' Neblina Metaltail Pemba Scops-owl Collocalia francica ^' Ecuador, Pern Tanzania Mascarene Swiftlet Oreotrochilus adela -' Mauritius, Reunion Otus silvicola ' Wedge-tailed Hillstar Wallace's Scops-owl Cypseloides rothschildi -' Bolivia Rothschild's Swift Indonesia Phaethornis koepckeae -' Argentina, Bolivia, Peru Strix occidentalis ' Koepcke's Hermit Hydrochrous gigas -' Peru Spotted Owl Waterfall Swift Canada, Mexico, USA Philodice bryantae ^' Indonesia, Malaysia Magenta-throated Woodstar Xenoglaux loweryi -' Costa Rica, Panama Long-whiskered Owlet Family TROCHILIDAE Peru Phlogophilus harterti -' Anthocephala floriceps -' Blossomcrown Peruvian Piedtail Peru Colombia Phlogophilus hemileucurus - Augastes lumachellus " Ecuadorian Piedtail Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES Hooded Visorbearer Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Brazil Family PODARGmAE Polyonymus caroli -' Augastes scutatus " Bronze-tailed Comet Batrachostomus javensis -' Hyacinth Visorbearer Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Javan Frogmouth Brazil Ramphodon naevius -' Indonesia Avocettula recurvirostris •' Saw-billed Hermit Batrachostomus moniliger 2' Fiery-tailed Awlbill Brazil Sri Lanka Frogmouth Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French India, Sri Lanka Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela

Campylopterus excellens ^' Order TROGONIFORMES Long-tailed Sabrewing Family TROGONIDAE Family CAPRIMULGIDAE Mexico Pharomachrus mocinno -' Caprimulgus concretus -' Campylopterus phainopeplus -' Resplendent Quetzal Bonaparte's Nightjar Santa Marta Sabrewing Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Colombia Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Caprimulgus hirundinaceus -' Campylopterus villaviscensio ^' Panama Napo Sabrewing Pygmy Nightjar Priotelus roseigaster -' Ecuador, Peru Brazil Hispaniolan Trogon '' Caprimulgus whitelyi -' Eriocnemis derbyi Dominican Republic, Haiti Black-thighed Puffleg Roraiman Nightjar Trogon bairdii -' Colombia, Ecuador Venezuela Baird's Trogon Goethalsia bella -' Eleothreptus anomalus " Costa Rica, Panama Rufous-cheeked Hummingbird Sickle-winged Nightjar Colombia, Panama Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay Haplophaedia lugens '' Order CORACIIFORMES Macropsalis creagra -' Hoary Puffleg Long-trained Nightjar Colombia, Ecuador Family ALCEDINIDAE Argentina, Brazil Heliodoxa gularis -' Actenoides lindsayi -' -' Nyctiphrynus mcleodii Pink-throated Brilliant Spotted Kingfisher Eared Poorwill Colombia, Ecuador, Pern Philippines Mexico Lophornis stictolophus ^' Alcedo cyanopecta -' Nyctiphrynus rosenbergi 2' Spangled Coquette Indigo-banded Kingfisher Choco Poorwill Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Philippines Colombia, Ecuador Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Pelargopsis amauropterus ^' Siphonorhis brewsteri -' Mellisuga helenae -' Brown-winged Kingfisher Least Poorwill Bee Hummingbird Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Dominican Republic, Haiti Cuba Myanmar, Thailand

153 Lower Risk : near threatened

Tanysiptera riedelii -' Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Family E>fDICATORroAE Togo Biak Paradise-kingfisher Indicator archipelagicus ^' Indonesia Ocyceros griseus -' Malaysian Honeyguide Todirhamphus australasia ^' Malabar Grey-hombill Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher India Thailand Indonesia Penelopides affinis -' Indicator pumilio -' Todirhamphus enigma ' Mindanao Hombill Dwarf Honeyguide Talaud Kingfisher Philippines Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire Indonesia Penelopides manillae -' Indicator xanthonotus -' -' Todirhamphus funebris Luzon Hombill Yellow-rumped Honeyguide Sombre Kingfisher Philippines Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Indonesia Pakistan Penelopides samarensis ^' Todirhamphus nigrocyaneus -' Samar Hombill Family RAMPHASTIDAE Blue-black Kingfisher Philippines Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Andigena cucullata ^' Hooded Mountain-toucan Family TODIDAE Order PICIFORMES Bolivia, Peru Todus angustirostris -' Andigena hypoglauca -' Narrow-billed Tody Family BUCCONIDAE Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan Dominican Republic, Haiti Bucco noanamae -' Colombia, Ecuador, Pern Sooty-capped Puffbird Andigena laminirostris -' Family MOMOTIDAE Colombia Plate-billed Mountain-toucan -' Electron carinatum Micromonacha lanceolata -' Colombia, Ecuador Keel-billed Motmot Lanceolated Monklet Andigena nigrirostris ' Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Black-billed Mountain-toucan Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua Ecuador, Panama, Peru Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela

-' Nonnula amaurocephala ^' Family CORACIIDAE Aulacorhynchus huallagae Chestnut-headed Nunlet Yellow-browed Toucanet -' Atelornis pittoides Brazil Peru Pitta-like Ground-roller ' Madagascar Baillonius bailloni Saffron Toucanet Family CAPITONTOAE Brazil Family BUCEROTIDAE Capita squamatus -' Anorrhinus tickelli -' Orange-fronted Barbel Brown Hombill Family PICffiAE Colombia, Ecuador China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Campethera notata '' Thailand, Viet Nam Eubucco tucinkae -' Knysna Woodpecker Scarlet-hooded Barbet Anthracoceros coronatus '" South Africa Pern Malabar Pied-Hombill Dendrocopos dorae -' India, Sri Lanka Lybius chaplini -' Arabian Woodpecker ^' Chaplin's Barbet Anthracoceros malayanus Saudi Arabia, Yemen Black Hombill Zambia Dendrocopos leucopterus -' Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, -' Lybius rubrifacies White-winged Thailand Woodpecker Red-faced Barbet Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Buceros hydrocorax -' Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Rufous Hombill Megataima corvina -' Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Philippines Brown-throated Barbet Dendropicos stierlingi ^' Buceros vigil ^' Indonesia Stierling's Woodpecker Helmeted Hombill Megalaimajavensis -' Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, -' Myanmar, Thailand Black-banded Barbet Dryocopus hodgei Indonesia Andaman Woodpecker Ceratogymna cylindricus -' India Brown-cheeked Hombill Megalaima rafflesii -' -' Benin, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Red-crowned Barbet Dryocopus schulzi Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Black-bodied Woodpecker Myanmar, Thailand Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay Ceratogymna elata -' Yellow-casqued Hombill Semnornis ramphastinus -' Geocolaptes olivaceus -' Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Toucan Barbet Ground Woodpecker Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Colombia, Ecuador Lesotho, South Africa

154 Birds

Melanerpes herminieri ^' Phacellodomus dorsalis -' Grallaria blakei -' Guadeloupe Woodpecker Chestnut-backed Thombird Chestnut Antpitta Guadeloupe Peru Peru

Nesoctites micromegas -' Philydor amaurotis -' Grallaria eludens -^ Antillean Piculet White-browed Foliage-gleaner Elusive Antpitta Dominican Republic, Haiti Argentina, Brazil Peru

-' Piculus aurulentus Philydor dimidiatus -' Grallaria excelsa =' Yellow-browed Woodpecker Russet-mantled Foliage-gleaner Great Antpitta Brazil Brazil, Paraguay Venezuela

-' Picumnus nebulosus Schizoeaca perijana -' Gratlaricula lineifrons -' Mottled Piculet Perija Thistletail Crescent-faced Antpitta Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay Colombia, Venezuela Colombia, Ecuador

-' Picumnus steindachneri Simoxenops ucayalae -' Gratlaricula loricata -' Speckle-chested Piculet Peruvian Recurvebill Scallop-breasted Antpitta Peru Bolivia, Brazil, Peru Venezuela

^' Picumnus subtilis -' Siptornopsis hypochondriacus Grallaricula ochraceifrons -' Fine-barred Piculet Great Spinetail Ochre-fronted Antpitta Peru Peru Peru Veniliornis chocoensis -' Spartonoica ntaluroides -' Grallaricula peruviana -' Choco Woodpecker Bay-capped Wren-spinetail Peruvian Antpitta Colombia, Ecuador Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay Ecuador, Peru

Synallaxis cherriei -' Herpsilochmus pileatus =' Order PASSERIFORMES Chestnut-throated Spinetail Black-capped Antwren Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Brazil

Family DENDROCOLAPTTOAE -' Synallaxis fuscorufa Hylopezus ochroleucus =' Campylorhamphus pucherani - Rusty-headed Spinetail White-browed Antpitta Greater Scythebill Colombia Brazil

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru -' Thripophaga berlepschi Myrmotherula klagesi -' Russet-mantled Softtail Klages's Antwren Family FURNARimAE Peru Brazil

-' Asthenes cactorum -' Upucerthia harterti Rhegmatorhina gymnops -' Cactus Canastero Bolivian Earthcreeper Santarem Antbird Peru Bolivia Brazil

^' Asthenes urubamhensis " Xenerpestes singularis Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi - Line-fronted Canastero Equatorial Greytail White-breasted Antbird Bolivia, Peru Ecuador, Peru Brazil

Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides -' Thamnophilus praecox -' Canebrake Groundcreeper Cocha Antshrike Family FORMICARimAE Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Ecuador Cercomacra brasiliana -' Cranioleuca dissita -' Rio de Janeiro Antbird Coiba Spinetail Panama Brazil Family CONOPOPHAGroAE

-' genei -' Hylocryptus rectirostris -' Drymophila Conopophaga roberti Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner Rufous-tailed Antbird Hooded Gnateater Brazil Brazil Brazil

-' Leptasthenura setaria -' Drymophila ochropyga Araucaria Tit-spinetail Ochre-rumped Antbird Family RHINOCRYPXroAE Argentina, Brazil Brazil

-' -' Leptasthenura yanacensis '' Dysithamnus stictothorax Melanopareia maranonica Marafion Crescent-chest Tawny Tit-spinetail Spot-breasted Antvireo Bolivia, Peru Argentina, Brazil Peru

-' -^ Limnornis rectirostris -' Formicivora serrana Merulaxis ater Straight-billed Reedhaunter Serra Antwren Slaty Bristlefront Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay Brazil Brazil Margarornis bellulus -' Grallaria bangsi -' Psilorhamphus guttatus -' Beautiful Treerunner Santa Marta Antpitta Spotted Bamboowren Panama Colombia Argentina, Brazil

155 Lower Risk : near threatened

Family COTINGIDAE Aphanotriccus capitalis -' Phylloscartes eximius -' Tawny-chested Flycatcher Southern Bristle-tyrant Ampelioides tschudii -' Costa Rica, Nicaragua Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Scaled Fruiteater -' ^' Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Contopus ochraceus Phylloscartes oustaleti Venezuela Ochraceous Pewee Oustalet's Tyrannulet Costa Rica, Panama Brazil Carpodectes hopkei -^ Black-tipped Cotinga Culicivora caudacuta -' Phylloscartes sylviolus ^' Colombia, Ecuador, Panama Sharp-tailed Grass-tyrant Bay-ringed Tyrannulet Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Carpornis cucullatus -' -' Hooded Berryeater Hemitriccus aenigma -' Phylloscartes venezuelanus Brazil Zimmer's Tody-tyrant Venezuelan Bristle-tyrant Venezuela Conioptilon mcilhennyi-' Brazil -' Black-faced Cotinga Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus -' Poecilotriccus albifacies Peru Cinnamon-breasted Tody-tyrant White-cheeked Tody-tyrant Peru Pachyramphus spodiurus -' Peru -' Slaty Becard Hemitriccus josephinae -' Polystictus pectoralis Ecuador, Peru Boat-billed Tody-tyrant Bearded Tachuri Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Phibalura flavirostris -' Brazil, Guyana, Suriname Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Swallow-tailed Cotinga -' Hemitriccus nidipendulus Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil Hangnest Tody-tyrant Polystictus superciliaris ' Pipreola chlorolepidota -' Brazil Grey -backed Tachuri Fiery-throated Fruiteater ^' Hemitriccus orbitatus Brazil Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Eye-ringed Tody-tyrant Todirostrum viridanum -' Pipreola frontalis -' Brazil Maracaibo Tody-flycatcher Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater " Hemitriccus rufigularis Venezuela Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Buff-throated Tody-tyrant Xenotriccus calUzonus -' Pipreola lubomirskii -' Bolivia, Peru Belted Flycatcher Black-chested Fruiteater -' Knipolegus hudsoni Guatemala, Mexico Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Hudson's Black-tyrant Xenotriccus mexicanus ^' Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema -' Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay Pileated Flycatcher Purple-throated Cotinga Muscipipra vetula ' Mexico Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Shear-tailed Grey Tyrant Xolmis salinarum •' Procnias nudicollis -' Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Salinas Monjita Bare-throated Bellbird Myiophobus lintoni -' Argentina Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Orange-banded Flycatcher Tijuca atra ^' Ecuador, Peru Black-and-gold Cotinga Family PITXroAE Myiornis albiventris -' Brazil Pitta baudii ^' White-bellied Pygmy-tyrant Blue-headed Pitta Family PIPRIDAE Bolivia, Peru Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia -' Chloropipo flavicapilla -' Myiotheretes fuscorufus Pitta caerulea -' Yellow-headed Manakin Rufous-bellied Bush-tyrant Giant Pitta Colombia Bolivia, Peru Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, ^' Pipra iris -' Ochthoeca piurae Thailand Opal-crowned Manakin Piura Chat-tyrant Pitta dohertyi 2' Brazil Peru Sula Pitta Piprites griseiceps -' Ochthoeca salvini -' Indonesia Grey-headed Piprites Tumbes Tyrant Pitta elliotii -' Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru Bar-bellied Pitta Nicaragua Phyllomyias griseocapilla '' Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam Grey-capped Tyrannulet Pitta megarhyncha -' Family TYRANNIDAE Brazil Mangrove Pitta Alectrurus tricolor -' Phyllomyias reiseri -' Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cock-tailed Tyrant Reiser's Tyrannulet Myanmar, Thailand Brazil, Paraguay Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay Pitta nipalensis ^' Aphanotriccus audax -' Phylloscartes difficilis -' Blue-naped Pitta Black-billed Flycatcher Serra do Mar Tyrannulet Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Colombia, Panama Brazil Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Viet Nam

156 Birds

Pitta soror ^' Anthus melindae ^' Pycnonotus penicillatus 2' Blue-rumped Pitta Malindi Pipit Yellow-eared Bulbul Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand, Kenya, Somalia Sri Lanka

Viet Nam -' Anthus sharpei Pycnonotus priocephalus ^' Sharpe's Longclaw Grey-headed Bulbul Family XENICmAE Kenya India

^' -' Macronyx Xenicus gilviventris flavicollis Pycnonotus taivanus -' South Island Rock Wren Abyssinian Longclaw Styan's Bulbul New Zealand Ethiopia Taiwan Macronyx grimwoodi -' Family PHILEPITTmAE Pycnonotus xantholaemus -' Grim wood's Longclaw Yellow-throated Bulbul Philepitta schlegeli -' Angola, Zaire, Zambia India Schlegel's Asity Madagascar Setomis criniger ^' Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE Hook-billed Bulbul Brunei, Indonesia, Coracina bicolor -' Malaysia Family MENURIDAE Pied Cuckoo-shrike -' Menura alberti Indonesia Albert's Lyrebird Coracina coerutescens ^' Australia Family IRENIDAE Blackish Cuckoo-shrike -' Philippines Chloropsis venusta Blue-masked Leafbird Family ALAUDIDAE Coracina dispar ^' Indonesia Certhilauda chuana -' Kai Cicadabird Short-clawed Lark Indonesia Botswana, South Africa Coracina dohertyi -' Mirafra pulpa -' Sumba Cicadabird Family LANIffiAE Indonesia Friedmann's Lark Laniarius mufumbiri ^' Ethiopia, Kenya Coracina graueri -' Papyrus Gonolek Mirafra williamsi ^' Grauer's Cuckoo-shrike Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Williams's Lark Uganda, Zaire Zaire

Kenya ^' Lalage sharpei Laniarius turatii -' Spizocorys obbiensis -' Samoan Triller Turati's Boubou Obbia Lark Western Samoa Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone

Somalia ^' Pericrocotus cantonensis Lanius validirostris -' -' Spizocorys sclateri Brown-rumped Minivet Mountain Shrike Sclater's Lark China Philippines Namibia, South Africa Pericrocotus erythropygius ' Malaconotus lagdeni -' Minivet White-bellied Lagden's Bush-shrike India, Myanmar Family HIRUNDINmAE Cote d'lvoire, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zaire Psalidoprocne fuliginosa -' Mountain Sawwing Family PYCNONOXroAE Pityriasis gymnocephala ^' Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Bomean Bristlehead Andropadus montanus -' Nigeria Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Cameroon Greenbul -' Tachycineta cyaneoviridis Cameroon, Nigeria Bahama Swallow Ixos everetti ^' Bahamas. * Cuba, USA Yellowish Bulbul Family VANGmAE -' Tachycineta euchrysea Philippines Golden Swallow Euryceros prevostii -' Phyllastrephus baumanni -' Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica Helmet Vanga Baumann's Greenbul Madagascar Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Liberia, Family MOTACILLIDAE Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo

Anthus chacoensis -' Phyllastrephus lorenzi -' Family Chaco Pipit Sassi's Greenbul BOMBYCILLmAE Argentina, Paraguay Uganda, Zaire Bombycillajaponica ^' Anthus hoeschi -' Phyllastrephus poliocephalus -' Japanese Waxwing * Mountain Pipit Grey-headed Greenbul Russia. China, Japan, North Korea, Lesotho, South Africa Cameroon, Nigeria South Korea, Taiwan

157 '

Lower Risk : near threatened

Family TROGLODYXroAE Babax waddelli =' Clytorhynchus nigrogularis ^' Giant Babax Black-throated Shrikebill Henicorhina leucoptera -' China, India Fiji, Solomon Islands Bar-winged Wood-wren Peru Brachypteryx major -' Cochoa purpurea -' White-bellied Shortwing Purple Cochoa Thryomanes sissonii ^' India Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Socorro Wren Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam Mexico Brachypteryx stellata -' Gould's Shortwing Cochoa viridis -' Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Green Cochoa Family MIMffiAE Nepal, Viet Nam China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,

-' Thailand, Viet Nam Melanoptila glabrirostris -' Bradypterus bangwaensis Black Catbird Cameroon Bracken-warbler Colluricincla boweri -' Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Cameroon Bower's Shrike-thrush Mexico Bradypterus caudatus -' Australia Toxostoma guttatum -' Long-tailed Bush-warbler Crocias albonotatus ^' Cozumel Thrasher Philippines Spotted Crocias Mexico Bradypterus palliseri - Indonesia

Sri Lanka Bush-warbler Cyornis caerulatus -' Sri Lanka Large-billed Blue-flycatcher Family PRUNELLIDAE Buettikoferella bivittata -' Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Prunella fagani -' Buff-banded Grassbird Cyornis herioti -' Yemen Accentor Indonesia Blue-breasted Flycatcher Saudi Arabia, Yemen Cercomela dubia -' Philippines

Sombre Chat Cyornis pallipes -' Ethiopia, Somalia Family MUSCICAPIDAE White-bellied Blue-flycatcher Cettia carolinae -' India Acrocephalus griseldis -' Tanimbar Bush-warbler Basra Reed-warbler Cyornis turcosus -' Indonesia Iraq. * Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysian Blue-flycatcher Mozambique, Saudi Arabia, Cettia parens ^' Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania Shade Warbler Dromaeocercus brunneus -' Solomon Islands Actinodura souliei -' Brown Emu-tail Streaked Barwing Chaetops aurantius -' Madagascar China, Viet Nam Orange-breasted Rockjumper Epthianura crocea -' Lesotho, South Africa Alcippe cinerea -' Yellow Chat Yellow-throated Fulvetta Chaetops frenatus -' Australia Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Rufous Rockjumper Erithacus komadori -' Laos, Myanmar South Africa Ryukyu Robin Alcippe ruficapilla -' Chrysomma poecilotis -' Japan Spectacled Fulvetta Rufous-tailed Babbler Eumyias albicaudata -' China, Laos China Nilgiri Flycatcher ^' -' Alcippe rufogularis Cichlherminia Iherminieri India Rufous-throated Fulvetta Forest Thrush Eumyias sordida -' Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Flycatcher China, India, Laos, Myanmar, St Lucia Dull-blue Thailand, Viet Nam Sri Lanka Cichlopsis leucogenys -' -' Amytomis barbatus -' Rufous-brown Solitaire Ficedula harterti Grey Grasswren Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela Sumba Flycatcher Australia Indonesia Cinclidium frontale -' Amytomis housei ^' Blue-fronted Robin Ficedula nigrorufa -' Black Grasswren Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Black-and-rufous Flycatcher Australia Thailand, Viet Nam India

Amytomis woodwardi^' Cisticola njombe -' Ficedula rufigula -' White-throated Grasswren Churring Cisticola Rufous-throated Flycatcher Australia Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia Indonesia

Babax koslowi -' Clytorhynchus hamlini -' Ficedula timorensis -' Tibetan Babax Rennell Shrikebill Black-banded Flycatcher China Solomon Islands Indonesia

158 "

Birds

Garrulax cachinnans =' Kupeomis chapini -' Muscicapa muttui '" Rufous-breasted Laughingthrush Chapin's Mountain-babbler Brown-breasted Flycatcher India Zaire China, India. * Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Garrulax delesserti -' Kupeomis rufocinctus -' Wynaad Laughingthrush Red-collared Mountain-babbler Myadestes elisabeth -' India Rwanda, Zaire Cuban Solitaire Cuba Garrulax formosus -' Leptopoecile elegans -' Red-winged Laughingtlirush Crested Tit-warbler Myiagra atra -' China, Viet Nam China Biak Flycatcher

-' Indonesia Garrulax galbanus -' Lioptilus nigricapillus Yellow-throated Laughingthrush Bush Blackcap Myiagra cervinicauda -' Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar South Africa Ochre-tailed Flycatcher

-' Solomon Islands Garrulaxjerdoni -' Luscinia pectardens Grey-breasted Laughingthrush Firethroat Myiophonus robinsoni -' * India China. Bangladesh, India Malayan Whistling-thrush

-' Garrulax lunulatus -' Macronous kelleyi Malaysia Tit-babbler Barred Laughingthrush Grey-faced Namibornis herero =' China Laos, Viet Nam Herero Chat -' Garrulax maesi -' Malacopteron albogulare Angola, Namibia Grey-breasted Babbler Grey Laughingthrush Napothera macrodactyla ^' Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia China, Laos, Viet Nam Large Wren-babbler -' Garrulax merulinus -' Malurus coronatus Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand Purple-crowned Fairywren Spot-breasted Laughingthrush Napothera marmorata -' Australia China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Marbled Wren-babbler Thailand, Viet Nam Malurus grayi -' Indonesia, Malaysia

^' Broad-billed Fairywren Garrulax milnei Neomixis flavoviridis -' Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Red-tailed Laughingthrush Wedge-tailed Jery China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Mayromis schistaceus -' Madagascar Viet Nam Vanikoro Monarch Nesillas mariae ^' Garrulax nuchalis -' Solomon Islands Moheli Brush-warbler -' Chestnut-backed Laughingthrush Megalurulus whitneyi Comoros India, Myanmar Guadalcanal Thicketbird Nesocichla eremita -' ^' Solomon Islands, Vanuatu Garrulax rufifrons Tristan Thrush Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush Microeca hemixantha -' St Helena (Tristan da Cunha) Indonesia Golden-bellied Flyrobin Niltava davidi Garrulax virgatus ^' Indonesia Fujian Niltava Striped Laughingthrush Monarcha browni -' China, Laos, Viet Nam. * Hong India, Myanmar Kolombangara Monarch Kong, Thailand Islands Geomalia heinrichi ^' Solomon Oreoscopus gutturalis -' Geomalia Monarcha castas ^' Femwren Indonesia Loetoe Monarch Australia Indonesia Gerygone albofrontata^' Origma solitaria -' Chatham Islands Warbler Monarcha godeffroyi -' Origma New Zealand Yap Monarch Australia Federated States of Micronesia Heteromyias cinereifrons ^' Orthotomus nigriceps -' Grey-headed Robin Monarcha infelix '' Black-headed Tailorbird Australia Manus Monarch Papua New Guinea Philippines Heterophasia gracilis -' -' ^' Orthotomus samarensis Grey Sibia Monarcha leucurus Yellow-breasted Tailorbird China, India, Myanmar White-tailed Monarch Indonesia Philippines Hypothymis helenae ' ^' -' Pachycephala implicata Short-crested Monarch Monarcha loricatus Hooded Whistler Philippines Black-tipped Monarch Indonesia Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Illadopsis rufescens ^' ^' jacquinoti ^' Rufous-winged Illadopsis Monarcha mundus Pachycephala Whistler Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Liberia, Black-bibbed Monarch Tongan Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo Indonesia Tonga

159 Lower Risk : near threatened

Pachycephala meyeri -' Pteruthius rufiventer -' Spelaeomis formosus ^' Vogelkop Whistler Black-headed Shrike-babbler Spotted Wren-babbler Indonesia Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Viet Nam Myanmar Pachycephala orpheus -' -' Fawn-breasted Whistler Ptilocichla leucogrammica -' Sphenocichla humei Indonesia Bomean Wren-babbler Wedge-billed Wren-babbler Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia China, India, Myanmar Paradoxomis atrosuperciliaris -' -' Black-browed Parrotbill Ptilocichla mindanensis -' Stachyris capitalis Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Striated Wren-babbler Rusty-crowned Babbler Myanmar, Thailand Philippines Philippines

-' Paradoxomis bninneus -' Randia pseudozosterops '' Stachyris dennistouni Brown-winged Parrotbill Rand's Warbler Golden-crowned Babbler China, Myanmar Madagascar Philippines ^' ^' Stachyris plateni Paradoxomis conspicillatus Rhinomyias colonus 2' Pygmy Babbler Spectacled Parrotbill Henna-tailed Jungle-flycatcher Philippines China Indonesia ' Stachyris whiteheadi -' Paradoxomis heudei Rhinomyias oscillans -' Chestnut-faced Babbler Reed Parrotbill Russet-backed Jungle-flycatcher Philippines China, Russia Indonesia -' -' Sylvietta philippae Paradoxomis ruficeps Rhipidura euryura -' Short-billed Crombec Rufous-headed Parrotbill White-bellied Fantail Ethiopia, Somalia Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia Laos, Myanmar, Viet Nam Tarsiger hyperythrus -' Rhipidura fuscorufa ' Phoenicurus alaschanicus " Rufous-breasted Bush-robin Cinnamon-tailed Fantail Bhutan, China, India, Nepal. * Ala Shan Redstart Indonesia Myanmar China ^' Rhipidura opistherythra Terpsiphone atrocaudata -' Phylloscopus cantatoT -' Long-tailed Fantail Japanese Paradise-flycatcher Yellow-vented Warbler Indonesia Japan, North Korea, Philippines, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India. * China, ^' South Korea. * China, Indonesia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Rhipidura personata Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand Kadavu Fantail Thailand, Viet Nam Fiji Phylloscopus makirensis ^' Terpsiphone bedfordi -' San Cristobal Leaf-warbler Rhipidura superflua ^' Bedford's Paradise-flycatcher Solomon Islands Tawny-backed Fantail Zaire Indonesia Phylloscopus tytleri 2' Terpsiphone cinnamomea ^' Tytler's Leaf-warbler Rhipidura tenebrosa -' Rufous Paradise-flycatcher Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan Dusky Fantail Philippines Solomon Islands Platysteira albifrons -' Terpsiphone cyanescens -' White-fronted Wattle-eye Rimator malacoptilus -' Blue Paradise-flycatcher Angola Long-billed Wren-babbler Philippines Pnoepyga immaculata -' Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Tickellia hodgsoni -' Nepal Wren-babbler Viet Nam Broad-billed Warbler Nepal Saxicola bifasciata -' China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, -' Buff-streaked Chat Polioptila lactea Viet Nam Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher South Africa Trichastoma bicolor ^' Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay ^' Saxicola dacotiae Ferruginous Babbler Polioptila lembeyei -' Fuerteventura Chat Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cuban Gnatcatcher Spain (Canary Is) Myanmar, Thailand Cuba Saxicola gutturalis -' Trichastoma rostratum ^' Pritiia cinereocapilla ^' White-bellied Bushchat White-chested Babbler Grey-crowned Prinia Indonesia Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand Bhutan, India, Nepal Saxicola jerdoni -' " Pseudobias wardi -' Jerdon's Bushchat Turdoides altirostris Ward's Flycatcher Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Iraq Babbler Madagascar Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Iran, Iraq

Pseudocossyphus sharpei ^' Schoenicola platyura ^' Turdoides longirostris -' Forest Rock-thrush Broad-tailed Grassbird Slender-billed Babbler Madagascar India India, Myanmar, Nepal

160 Birds

Tardus dissimilis -' Zoothera spiloptera 2' Family NECTARINimAE Black-breasted Thrush Spot-winged Thrush Aethopyga boltoni =' China, India, Myanmar, Viet Nam. Sri Lanka Apo Sunbird Bangladesh, Thailand -' Zoothera talaseae Philippines Turdus graysoni -' New Britain Thrush Anthreptes reichenowi -' Grayson's Thrush Papua New Guinea Mexico Plain-backed Sunbird Zoothera tanganjicae ^' Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Turdus haplochrous '" Kivu Ground-thrush Tanzania, Zimbabwe Unicoloured Thrush Uganda, Zaire Arachnothera clarae ^' Bolivia Zoothera wardii -' Naked-faced Spiderhunter -' Turdus mupinensis Pied Thrush Philippines Chinese Thrush Bhutan, India, Nepal. * India, Sri Nectarinia ^' China Lanka loveridgei Loveridge's Sunbird ' Turdus olivaceofuscus Tanzania Sao Tome Thrush Family AEGITHALmAE Nectarinia moreaui -' Sao Tome & Pn'ncipe Aegithalos fuliginosus -' Moreau's Sunbird -' Urosphena subulata White-necklaced Tit Tanzania Timor Stubtail China -' Indonesia Nectarinia neergaardi Aegithalos niveogularis -' Neergaard's Sunbird -' Xenocopsychus ansorgei White-throated Tit Mozambique, South Africa Angola Cave-chat India, Nepal, Pakistan Angola Nectarinia pembae •' Family PARmAE Pemba Sunbird -' Xiphirhynchus superciliaris Tanzania Slender-billed Scimitar-babbler Parus fringillinus -' -' Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Red-throated Tit Nectarinia ursulae Myanmar, Nepal, Viet Nam Kenya, Tanzania Ursula's Sunbird Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea Yuhina humilis -' Parus holsti -' Burmese Yuhina Yellow Tit Myanmar, Thailand Taiwan Family ZOSTEROPmAE -' Zoothera crossleyi -' Parus semilarvatus -' Crossley's Ground-thrush White-fronted Tit Heleia muelleri Cameroon, Nigeria Philippines Spot-breasted White-eye Indonesia Zoothera erythronota ' 2' Red-backed Thrush Family SITTIDAE Lophozosterops dohertyi Indonesia Crested White-eye -' Sitta villosa Indonesia Zoothera everetti '' Snowy-browed Nuthatch ^' Everett's Thrush China Megazosterops palauensis Malaysia Giant White-eye whiteheadi -' Sitta Palau Zoothera machiki -' Corsican Nuthatch -' Fawn-breasted Thrush France Rukia longirostra Indonesia Long-billed White-eye Federated States of Micronesia -' Zoothera margaretae Family RHABDORNITHmAE Makira Thrush Woodfordia lacertosa ^' -' Solomon Islands Rhabdornis grandis Sanford's White-eye Long-billed Rhabdornis Solomon Islands Zoothera monticola -' Philippines Long-billed Thrush Zosterops anomalus '' Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Lemon-throated White-eye Myanmar, Nepal, Viet Nam Family DICAEffiAE Indonesia

^' Zoothera oberlaenderi -' Dicaeum anthonyi ^' Zosterops consobrinorum Forest Ground-thrush Flame-crowned Flowerpecker Pale-bellied White-eye Uganda, Zaire Philippines Indonesia

Zoothera peronii ' Dicaeum everetti ^' Zosterops Jlavus -' Orange-banded Thrush Brown-backed Flowerpecker Javan White-eye Indonesia Indonesia, Malaysia Indonesia, Malaysia

Zoothera schistacea ^' Dicaeum vincens -' Zosterops grayi -' Slaty-backed Thrush White-throated Flowerpecker Pearl-bellied White-eye Indonesia Sri Lanka Indonesia

161 Lower Risk : near threatened

Zosterops hypolais -' Amaurospiza moesta 2' Emberiza yessoensis ' Plain White-eye Blackish-blue Seedeater Ochre-rumped Bunting Federated States of Micronesia Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay China, Japan, Russia * China, North Korea, South Korea Zosterops kuehni -' Amaurospiza relicta -' =' Ambon Yellow White-eye Slate-blue Seedeater Emberizoides ypiranganus Indonesia Mexico Grey-cheeked Grass-finch Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay ^' Zosterops mysorensis Ammodramus henslowii ^' longicauda -' Biak White-eye Henslow's Sparrow Embemagra Indonesia Canada, USA Pale-throated Pampa-fmch Brazil -' Zosterops natalis Atlapetes fuscoolivaceus ' Euphonia chalybea -' Christmas Island White-eye Dusky-headed Brush-fmch Green-chinned Euphonia Christmas Island Colombia Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Zosterops rennellianus ^' Atlapetes leucopis -' Rennell White-eye Habia gutturalis -' White-rimmed Brush-finch Solomon Islands Sooty Ant-tanager Colombia, Ecuador Colombia Zosterops saypani -' -' Atlapetes rufigenis -' Saipan Bridled White-eye Hemispingus rufosuperciliaris Rufous-eared Brush-fmch Northern Marianas Rufous-browed Hemispingus Peru Ecuador, Peru Zosterops uropygialis -' -' -' Golden-bellied White-eye Bangsia arcaei Incaspiza ortizi Indonesia Blue-and-gold Tanager Grey-winged Inca-fmch Costa Rica, Panama Peru Zosterops vaughani -' Pemba White-eye Camarhynchus pauper -' Incaspiza watkinsi -' Tanzania Medium Tree-finch Little Inca-finch Ecuador Peru

Family MELIPHAGIDAE -' Catamenia oreophila -' Iridosornis porphyrocephala -' Lichenostomus frenatus Santa Marta Seedeater Purplish-mantled Tanager Bridled Honeyeater Colombia Colombia, Ecuador Australia Latoucheomis siemsseni -' Charitospiza eucosma -' Lichmera deningeri -' Slaty Bunting Coal-crested Finch Burn Honeyeater China Argentina, Brazil Indonesia Melanodera melanodera -' Conothraupis speculigera -' Melidectes leucostephes =' Canary-winged Finch Black-and-white Tanager Vogelkop Melidectes Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands Ecuador, Peru Indonesia Melanospiza richardsoni -' Cypsnagra hirundinacea -' Meliphaga reticulata -' St Lucia Black Finch White-rumped Streaky-breasted Honeyeater Tanager St Lucia Bolivia. Brazil, Paraguay Indonesia Neothraupis fasciata -' -' Myzometa vulnerata -' Dacnis albiventris White-banded Tanager Red-rumped Myzomela White-bellied Dacnis Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Indonesia Orchesticus abeillei -' Venezuela Philemon inornatus -' Brown Tanager Plain Friarbird Dacnis viguieri -' Brazil Viridian Dacnis Indonesia Oreomanes fraseri -' Colombia, Panama Xanthotis provocator ' Giant Conebill Kadavu Honeyeater Diglossa gloriosissima -' Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Fiji Chestnut-bellied Flower-piercer Oryzoborus crassirostris -' Colombia Large-billed Seed-finch Family EMBERIZIDAE Emberiza cineracea -' Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Acanthidops ' bairdii Cinereous Bunting Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Peg-billed Finch Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Greece, Iran, Turkey. * Bahrain, Costa Rica, Panama Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Israel, Oryzoborus maximiliani 2' Aimophila notosticta " Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Great-billed Seed-finch Oaxaca Sparrow Arabia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Brazil, French Guiana, Trinidad and Mexico Emirates, Yemen Tobago, Venezuela

Aimophila sumichrasti -' Emberiza koslowi ^' Passerina rositae ^' Cinnamon-tailed Sparrow Tibetan Bunting Rose-bellied Bunting Mexico China Mexico

162 Birds

Poospiza cinerea -' Basileuterus ignotus -' Quiscalus nicaraguensis - Cinereous Warbling-finch Pirre Warbler Nicaraguan Grackle Brazil Colombia, Panama Costa Rica, Nicaragua Porphyrospim caerulescens -' Conirostrum margaritae -' Yellow-billed Blue Finch Pearly-breasted Conebill Family Bolivia, Brazil Brazil, Peru FRINGILLroAE

-' Saltator cinctus -' Dendroica angelae -' Carduelis atriceps Masked Saltator Elfin-woods Warbler Black-capped Siskin Ecuador, Peru Puerto Rico Guatemala, Mexico Saltator maxillosus -' Dendroica vitellina -' Carduelis monguilloti -' Thick-billed Saltator Vitelline Warbler Vietnam Greenfinch Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Cayman Islands, Honduras Viet Nam

Sicalis luteocephala -' Ergaticus versicolor -' Pyrrhula aurantiaca -' Citron-headed Yellow-finch Pink-headed Warbler Orange Bullfinch Bolivia Guatemala, Mexico India, Pakistan

Sporophila cinnamomea -' Geothlypis flavovelata -' Pyrrhula leucogenis -' Chestnut Seedeater Altamira Yellowthroat White-cheeked Bullfinch Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Mexico Philippines

-' -' Sporophila hypochroma Myioborus albifacies Serinus leucopterus -' Grey-and-chestnut Seedeater White-faced Whitestart Protea Canary Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay Venezuela South Africa

-' -' Sporophila melanogaster Vermivora crissalis Serinus melanochrous -' Black-bellied Seedeater Colima Warbler Kipengere Seedeater Brazil Mexico, USA Tanzania

-' Sporophila ruficollis Serinus symonsi -' Seedeater Dark-throated Family DREPANIDmAE Drakensberg Siskin Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Paroreomyza montana -' Lesotho, South Africa Uruguay Maui Alauahio Serinus totta -' Tangara fucosa -' USA Cape Siskin Green-naped Tanager South Africa Panama Family VIREONIDAE Tangara johannae -' Vireo brevipennis -' Blue-whiskered Tanager Family ESTRILDTOAE Colombia, Ecuador Slaty Vireo Mexico Estrilda thomensis -' -' Tangara phillipsi Cinderella Waxbill Vireo nelsoni ^' Sira Tanager Angola, Namibia Peru Dwarf Vireo Mexico Heteromunia pectoralis -' Tangara varia ^' -' Pictorella Munia Dotted Tanager Vireo osburni Australia Brazil, French Guiana, Surinarae, Blue Mountain Vireo Venezuela Jamaica Lagonosticta virata -' -' Mali Firefinch Thraupis cyanoptera -' Vireolanius melitophrys Mali Azure-shouldered Tanager Chestnut-sided Shrike-vireo Brazil Guatemala, Mexico Lonchura flaviprymna -' Yellow-rumped Munia Xenodacnis parina ^' Australia Tit-like Dacnis Family ICTERIDAE Ecuador, Peru Lonchura nevermanni -' Icterus laudabilis -' Grey-crowned Munia St Lucia Oriole Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Family PARULmAE St Lucia -' -' Lonchura stygia Basileuterus basilicus -' Icterus oberi Black Munia Santa Marta Warbler Montserrat Oriole Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Colombia Montserrat " -' Basileuterus cinereicollis -' Macroagelaius subalaris Paddafuscata Grey-throated Warbler Mountain Grackle Timor Sparrow Colombia, Venezuela Colombia Indonesia

-' Basileuterus conspicillatus -' Nesopsar nigerrimus ^' Stagonopleura oculata White-lored Warbler Jamaican Blackbird Red-eared Firetai! Colombia Jamaica Australia

163 "

Lower Risk : near threatened

Family PLOCEffiAE Sturnus senex -' Semioptera wallacii^' White-faced Starling Standardwing Euplectes aureus -' Sri Lanka Indonesia Golden-backed Bishop Angola Sturnus sericeus -' Red-billed Starling Family Euplectes jacksoni ' CORVmAE China. * Hong Kong, Viet Nam Jackson's Widowbird Cissa hypoleuca -' Kenya, Tanzania Yellow-breasted Magpie China, Ploceus hypoxanthus -' Family ORIOLEDAE Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam

'' Asian Golden Weaver Oriolus hosii -' Cissa thalassina Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Black Oriole Short-tailed Magpie Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Malaysia Indonesia, Malaysia Ploceus spekeoides -' Corvus fuscicapillus ^' Fox's Weaver Brown-headed Crow Family DICRURffiAE Uganda Indonesia Dicrurus aldabranus -' Corvus meeki 2' Aldabra Drongo Family STURNffiAE Bougainville Crow Seychelles Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Acridotheres albocinctus -' Dicrurus andamanensis -' Collared Myna Corvus palmarum ^' Andaman Drongo China, India, Myanmar Palm Crow India, Myanmar Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti Aplonis crassa -' Dicrurus modestus -' Tanimbar Starling Corvus woodfordi Principe Drongo Indonesia White-billed Crow Sao Tome & Principe Solomon Islands Aplonis insularis -' Dicrurus sumatranus -' Rennell Starling Cyanocorax caeruleus " Sumatran Drongo Solomon Islands Azure Jay Indonesia Argentina, Aplonis mystacea ^' Brazil Yellow-eyed Starling Cyanocorax dickeyi -' Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Family PTILONORHYNCHIDAE Tufted Jay

Aplonis zelandica -' Ailuroedus dentirostris '' Mexico Rusty-winged Starling Tooth-billed Catbird Cyanolyca pulchra -' Solomon Islands, Vanuatu Australia Beautiful Jay

-' Colombia, Ecuador Basilornis galeatus Amblyornis Jlavifrons -' Helmeted Myna Golden-fronted Bowerbird Dendrocitta hayleyi -' Indonesia Indonesia Andaman Treepie Basilornis miranda -' India Apo Myna Family PARADISAEIDAE Dendrocitta leucogastra ^' Philippines White-bellied Treepie Astrapia nigra -' Lamprotornis cupreocauda -' India Arfak Astrapia Copper-tailed Glossy-starling Platysmurus leucopterus 2' Indonesia Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Black Magpie ^' Liberia, Sierra Leone Cicinnurus respublica Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Wilson's Bird-of-paradise Saroglossa spiloptera '" Myanmar, Thailand Indonesia Spot-winged Starling Urocissa whiteheadi -' -' India, Nepal. * Bangladesh, India, Epimachus bruijnii White-winged Magpie Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand Pale-billed Sicklebill China, Laos, Viet Nam Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Streptocitta albertinae ^' Bare-eyed Myna Paradigalla carunculata ^' Indonesia Long-tailed Paradigalla Class REPTILIA Indonesia Sturnus erythropygius ^' Order SAURIA White-headed Starling Paradisaea guilielmi -' India Emperor Bird-of-paradise Family ANGUIDAE

-' Papua New Guinea Sturnus melanopterus Diploglossus warreni '^ Paradisaea rubra -' Black-winged Starling Haiti Indonesia Red Bird-of-paradise Family Sturnus philippensis " Indonesia CHAMAELEONIDAE Chestnut-cheeked Starling Ptiloris paradiseus -' Bradypodion nemorale '»' Japan, Russia. * China, Indonesia, Paradise Riflebird Zululand Dwarf Chamaeleon Japan, Philippines, Taiwan Australia South Africa

164 " '

Reptiles 5»

Bradypodion thamnobates '" Family SCINCIDAE Order TESTUDEVES Natal Midland Dwarf Chamaeleon Coeranoscincus reticulatus " South Africa Family CHELIDAE Three-toed Snake-tooth Skink Australia Acanthochelys macrocephala '" Pantanal Swamp Turtle Eumeces kishinouyei '" Family CORDYLffiAE Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay Kishinoue's Giant Skink "' Cordylus lawrencei Japan (Nansei-shoto) Acanthochelys radiolata "<• Lawrence's Girdled Lizard Brazilian Radiolated Swamp Turtle Oligosoma fallal South Africa Brazil Falla's Skink "" Gerrhosaurus typicus New Zealand Acanthochelys spixii "'• Namaqua Plated Lizard Spiny-neck Oligosoma infrapunctatum " Turtle South Africa Argentina, Speckled Skink Brazil, Paraguay?, "' Uruguay Platysaurus relictus New Zealand Soutpansberg Flat Lizard Chelodina oblonga "» Scelotes gronovii '"' South Africa Narrow-breasted Snake-necked Gronovi's Dwarf Burrowing Skink '»' Turtle Pseudocordylus langi South Africa Lang's Crag Lizard Australia Lesotho, South Africa Phrynops rufipes '" Pseudocordylus spinosus '»' Red Side-necked Turtle Order Spiny Crag Lizard SERPENTES Brazil, Colombia, Peru? South Africa Family BOIDAE Phrynops vanderhaegei "' Vanderhaege's Toad-headed Turtle Family GEKKONTOAE Epicrates angulifer " Argentina, Bolivia?, Brazil, Cuban Boa Afroedura hawequensis '"' Paraguay, Uruguay? Cuba Hawequa Flat Gecko South Africa Epicrates inornatus " Family EMYDTOAE Puerto Rican Boa Homopholis mulleri "" Cuora amboinensis '" Puerto Rico Mullet's Velvet Gecko South Asian Box Turtle South Africa Python molurus '" Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia?, Indian Python India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Hoplodactylus kahutarae " Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Black-eyed Gecko Kong, India, Indonesia, Laos, Viet Nam New Zealand Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Cuora galbinifrons "' Hoplodactylus rakiurae '" Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam Indochinese Box Turtle Harlequin Gecko China, Viet Nam New Zealand Emydoidea blandingii '" Phelsuma ocellata '" Family COLUBRTOAE Blanding's Turtle Namaqua Day Gecko '*' Homoroselaps dorsalis Canada, USA Namibia, South Africa Striped Harlequin Snake Emys orbicularis "' Phyllodactylus microlepidotus "" South Africa, Swaziland European Pond Turtle Small-scaled Leaf-toed Gecko Lamprophis fuscus '" Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, South Africa Yellow-bellied House Snake Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Undenvoodisaurus sphyurus " South Africa Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Australia Lamprophis swazicus "' Croatia, Cyprus?, Czech Republic, Swazi Rock Snake France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, South Africa, Swaziland Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein?, Lithuania, Family LACERTmAE '"' Opheodrys herminae Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco?, "" Lacerta rupicola Sakashima Green Snake Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Soutpansberg Rock Lizard Japan (Nansei-shoto) Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Lacerta schreiberi *> Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Portugal, Spain Family ELAPffiAE Elapognathus minor " Geoclemys hamiltonii '" Short-nosed Snake Spotted Pond Turtle Family PYGOPODmAE Australia Bangladesh, India, Nepal?, Pakistan Aprasia pseudopulchella " Simoselaps calonotus Graptemys barbouri '" Flinders Ranges Worm-lizard Black-striped Snake Barbour's Map Turtle Australia Australia USA

165 Lower Risk : near threatened

Graptemys ernsti "<• Terrapene Carolina "' Cyclanorbis elegans '" Escambia Map Turtle Common Box Turtle Nubian Flapshell Turtle USA Mexico, USA Benin?, Chad, Ethiopia?, Ghana, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo Graptemys gibbonsi '"' Terrapene ornata '" Pascagoula Map Turtle Ornate Box Turtle Cyclanorbis senegalensis "' USA Mexico, USA Senegal Flapshell Turtle

"<• Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon?, Graptemys nigrinoda "' Trachemys scripta Chad, Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia?, Black-knobbed Map Turtle Common Slider Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, USA Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mali, Mauritania?, Nigeria, Senegal, [R. Tombigbee-Black El Salvador, France [int], Germany Sudan, Togo Warrior-Alabama] [int], Guadeloupe [int], Guatemala, Honduras, Israel [int], Mexico, Cycloderma frenatum '" Graptemys versa "« Netherlands [int], Nicaragua, Zambezi Flapshell Turtle Turtle Texas Map Panama, South Africa [int], USA, USA Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Venezuela Zimbabwe [R. Colorado] '™ Trachemys stejnegeri '™ '" Palea steindachneri Hardella thurjii Central Antillean Slider Wattle-necked Softshell Turtle Crowned River Turtle Bahamas, Dominican Republic, China, Mauritius [int], USA [int] Bangladesh, India?, Nepal, Pakistan Haiti, Puerto Rico (Hawaiian Is), Viet Nam Heosemys grandis '"> Giant Asian Pond Turtle Family KINOSTERNIDAE Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Claudius angustatus '" Class AMPHIBIA Nartow-bridged Musk Turtle Kachuga dhongoka '™ Belize, Guatemala, Mexico Three-striped Roof Turtle '" Order ANURA Bangladesh, India, Nepal Kinostemon acutum Tabasco Mud Turtle Malaclemys terrapin "' Family BUFONffiAE Belize, Guatemala, Mexico Diamondback Terrapin Bufo retiformis " Kinosternon creaseri '" USA Sonoran Green Toad Greaser's Mud Turtle Morenia ocellata "'• Mexico, USA Mexico Burmese Turtle Eyed Capensibufo rosei "" Myanmar Kinosternon oaxacae "'• Cape Mountain Toad Oaxaca Mud Turtle '" Morenia petersi Mexico South Africa Indian Eyed Turtle Staurotypus salvinii '" Bangladesh, India, Nepal? Giant Musk Turtle Ocadia sinensis '" El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico Family HYLffiAE Chinese Stripe-necked Turtle Staurotypus triporcatus "' Hyla andersonii " China, Laos?, Taiwan, Viet Nam Mexican Musk Turtle Pine Bartens Tree Frog "*• Orlitia borneensis Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, USA Malaysian Giant Turtle Mexico Hyla arborea " Indonesia, Malaysia European Tree Frog "' Family TESTUDINroAE Pseudemys gorzugi Albania, Armenia, Austria, ^ Rio Grande Cooter Homopus signatus Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Mexico, USA Speckled Cape Tortoise Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Namibia?, South Africa Pseudemys rubriventris '™ Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, '"> France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, American Red-bellied Turtle Kinixys natalensis Hungary, Italy, USA Natal Hinge-back Tortoise Iran, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Mozambique, South Africa, Rhinoclemmys annulata '™ Swaziland Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Brown Wood Turtle Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, "' Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Testudo hermanni Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama France, Ukraine, United Kingdom? [int], Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Malta Yugoslavia Rhinoclemmys funerea '" [int], Romania, Slovenia, Spain [int] Black Wood Turtle Litoria " (Balearic Is), Turkey, Yugoslavia aurea Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Green and Golden Bell Frog Panama Family TRIONYCHIDAE Australia '" Rhinoclemmys nasuta Aspideretes leithii '" Litoria brevipalmata '* Large-nosed Wood Turtle Leith'sSoftshell Turtle Green-thighed Frog Colombia, Ecuador India Australia

166 "

Fishes: bony fishes

Family LEIOPELMATIDAE Speleomantes imperialis " [Atlantic (northwest, northwest, Italy westem central, Leiopelma archeyi '* western central)] Archey's Frog Speleomantes supramontes " Acipenser transmontanus ™ New Zealand Italy White Sturgeon Canada, USA Family SALAMANDRIDAE Family MYOBATRACHIDAE Mertensiella caucasica " Adelotus brevis " Order Caucasian Salamander GSTEOGLOSSITORMES Tusked Frog Georgia, Turkey Australia Family OSTEOGLOSSIDAE '" Heleioporus albopunctatus " Scleropages leichhardti Western Spotted Frog Class Southern Saratoga Australia CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI Australia Lechriodus fletcheri '* Fletcher's Frog Order Family NOTOPTERIDAE Australia PETROMYZONTIFORMES Chitala blanci k" " Mixophyes fasciolatus Family PETROMYZONTroAE Cambodia, Thailand Great Barred Frog '»' Australia Eudontomyzon danfordi Carpathian Brook Lamprey " Pseudophryne australis Austria?, Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Order CYPRINIFORMES Red-crowned Toadlet Bulgaria, Croatia?, Czech Republic?, Family CYPREVIDAE Australia Hungary, Moldova?, Romania, Pseudophryne bibronii Slovakia, Ukraine?, Yugoslavia Barbus caninus '°' Bibron's Toadlet [R. Danube] Italy, Switzerland Australia Eudontomyzon vladykovi '»' Barbus hospes "' Vladykov's Lamprey Namaquab Barb Austria?, Bulgaria?, Romania, Namibia, South Africa Family RANIDAE Yugoslavia Barbus plebejus "" Anhydrophryne rattrayi '« Lampetra fluviatilis '»' Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland Hogsback Frog River Lamprey Barbus sclateri '"' South Africa Albania, Austria, Belgium, Czech Portugal, Spain "" Republic (ex?), Denmark, Estonia, Cacosternum capense '»' Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Barbus tyberinus Cape Caco Italy Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, South Africa Luxembourg?, Netherlands, Norway, Capoeta pestai '" "^ Rana dracomontana Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia Siraz Baligi Drakensberg Frog (ex?), Spain (ex?), Sweden, Turkey Lesotho, South Africa? Switzerland (ex). United Kingdom [L. Beysehir, L. Egirdir] " " Rana latastei Lampetra hubbsi Chalcalbumus belvica '»' Italian Agile Frog Kern Brook Lamprey Albania, Greece, Macedonia? Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland USA [L. Prespa] "" Lampetra planeri Chondrostoma genei "" Brook Lamprey South European Nase Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria?, Czech Order CAUDATA Italy, Slovenia (ex) Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Chondrostoma prespensis "' Family PLETHODONTn)AE Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg?, Albania, Greece, Macedonia? Aneides aeneus '" Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Cyprinella callitaenia " Green Salamander Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Bluestripe Shiner USA Switzerland, United Kingdom USA Plethodon caddoensis "" [R. Apalachicola] USA Cyprinella monacha " Class ACTINOPTERYGII Plethodon fourchensis "" Turquoise Shiner USA USA Order ACIPENSERIFORMES Plethodon ouachitae '" Gila intermedia '" USA Family ACIPENSERroAE Gila Chub Speleomantes genei " Acipenser oxyrinchus "° Mexico, USA Sardinian or Brown Cave Salamander Atlantic Sturgeon Leuciscus lucumontis "" Italy Canada, Mexico, USA Italy

167 Lower Risk : near threatened

Macrhybopsis meeki " Order SILURIFORMES Craterocephalus lentiginosus ' Sicklefin Chub Prince Regent Hardyhead USA Family ICTALURIDAE Australia " "' Notropis perpallidus " Noturus munitus Melanotaenia gracilis Colorless Shiner Frecklebelly Madtom Slender Rainbowfish USA USA Australia " '" Oregonichthys kalawatseti " Noturus placidus Melanotaenia pygmaea Umpqua Chub Neosho Madtom Pygmy Rainbowfish USA USA Australia Pachychilon pictum '" Menidia conchorum "' Albanian Roach Family TRICHOMYCTERIDAE Key Silverside Albania, Greece, Yugoslavia USA Trichomycterus laucaensis '*' '" Phoxinellus pleurobipunctatus Chile

Greece '" Trichomycterus rivulatus Order '"' Phoxinellus zeregii Chile CYPRINODONTIFORMES Turkey Phoxinus tennesseensis " Family CYPRINODONTroAE Tennessee Dace Order SALMONIFORMES Orestias laucaensis "' USA Chile Family UMBRIDAE Pseudobarbus afer '" [R. Lauca] " Eastern Cape Redfin Novumbra hubbsi South Africa Olympic Mudminnow Family POECILiroAE Pseudophoxinus stymphalicus '" USA Gambusia senilis '' Daska Guayacon Pinto Greece Family LEPmOGALAXiroAE Mexico, USA Rutilus macedonicus "" Lepidogalaxias salamandroides '" " Greece Poeciliopsis occidentalis Salmanderfish Charalito Australia Mexico, USA Family COBITIDAE '" Cobitis meridionalis Family GALAXIIDAE Albania?, Greece, Macedonia? Order BELONIFORMES Galaxias zebratus "» Cobitis paludica "" Cape Galaxias Family HEMIRAMPHmAE Portugal, Spain South Africa Dermogenys megarramphus "" Misgurnis fossilis "" Galaxiella munda '™ Indonesia Weatherfish Western Mud Minnow [Malili Lakes] Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Australia and Herzegovina?, Bulgaria, Croatia, '" Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Galaxiella nigrostriata Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Black-striped Minnow Order PERCIFGRMES Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Australia Family SERRANTOAE Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Neochanna apoda '" " Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Brown Mudfish Epinephelus marginatus Yugoslavia Switzerland, Ukraine, New Zealand Brown Grouper Sabanjewia larvata "" [Atlantic (eastern central, southeast, southwest), Mediterranean Black Italian Loach and Sea] Italy Order ATHEREMIFORMES Paralabrax dewegeri ' Family Family CATOSTOMIDAE ATHERINmAE Meo Viejo Venezuela " Basilichthys australis '" Catostomus snyderi [Atlantic (western central)] Chile Klamath Largescale Sucker USA Cauque mauleanum "" Family TERAPONTIDAE Cycleptus elongatus " Chile Blue Sucker Craterocephalus centralis '" Hephaestus epirrhinos '™ Mexico, USA Finke River Hardyhead Long-nose Sooty Grunter Australia Moxostoma hamiltoni '»' Australia Rustyside Sucker Craterocephalus helenae "' Leiopotherapon aheneus '" USA Drysdale Hardyhead Fortesque Grunter [R. Dan] Australia Australia

168 Insects

Leiopotherapon macrolepis "' Percina uranidea " Sicydium stimpsoni '" Large-scale Grunter Stargazing Darter Oopu Nopili Australia USA USA (Hawaiian Is) "' Pingalla midgleyi Silhouettea sibayi "" Midgley's Grunter Family ELEOTRIDAE Sibayi Goby Australia Mozambique, South Africa Butis butis ™ Syncomistes kimberleyensis "' "* Duckbill Sleeper Taenioides jacksoni Kimberley Grunter Mozambique, South Africa Bearded Eelgoby Australia South Africa Eleotris melanosoma "» Syncomistes rastellus '™ Broadhead Sleeper Drysdale Grunter Mozambique, South Africa Class ECHINOroEA Australia Hypseleotris dayi ™ Golden Sleeper Order ECHINOroA Family CENTRARCHIDAE South Africa Family ECHINIDAE Micropterus notius " Hypseleotris ejuncida '" Suwannee Bass Echinus esculentus "' Slender Gudgeon European Edible Sea Urchin USA Australia Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Hypseleotris kimberleyensis ' Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Family ELASSOMATmAE Bamett River Gudgeon Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom Elassoma boehlkei " Australia [Atlantic (northeast)] Carolina Pygmy Sunfish Hypseleotris regalis "' USA Prince Regent Gudgeon Class ARACHNIDA Australia

Family PERCIDAE Kimberleyeleotris hutchinsi ' Order ARANEAE Mitchell Gudgeon Etheostoma acuticeps " Australia Family THERAPHOSmAE Sharphead Darter USA Kimberleyeleotris notata "' Euathlus smithi '" Drysdale Gudgeon Red-kneed Tarantula Etheostoma cragini " Australia Mexico Arkansas Darter USA [R. Arkansas] Family GOBIIDAE Class CRUSTACEA Etheostoma kanawhae " Croilia mossambica '" Order ANOSTRACA Kanawha Darter Naked Goby USA Mozambique, South Africa Family LINDERIELLffiAE [R. New] Glossogobius biocellatus '" " Etheostoma luteovinctum " Linderiella occidentalis Sleepy Goby Redband Darter California Linderiella Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania USA USA Oligolepis keiensis '" Etheostoma maculatum " Kei Goby Spotted Darter Class INSECTA Mozambique, South Africa USA Padogobius martensii '»' [R. Ohio] Order COLEOPTERA Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland Etheostoma osburni " '" Family CARABmAE Finescale Saddled Darter Papillogobius melanobranchus USA Blackthroat Goby Carabus intricatus '' Mozambique, South Africa [R. New] Blue Ground Beetle '" Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Etheostoma ruhrum " Papillogobius reichei Republic, Denmark, France, Bayou Darter Tropical Sand Goby Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, USA Netherlands, Poland, Romania,

' [R. Bayou Pierre and tributaries] Priolepis robinsi Slovakia?, Sweden, Switzerland, Percina macrocephala " [Atlantic (westem central)] United Kingdom, Yugoslavia Longhead Darter Redigobius bikolanus "» USA Bigmouth Goby [R. Ohio] Mozambique, South Africa Family CICINDELIDAE Percina nasuta " Redigobius dewaali '™ Cicindela marginipennis " Longnose Darter Checked Goby Cobblestone Tiger Beetle USA Mozambique, South Africa USA

169 Lower Risk : near threatened

" Family LUCANIDAE Luxembourg, Moldova, Netheriands, Maculinea arion Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Large Blue '« Colophon izardi Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Albania?, Armenia?, Austria, South Africa Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Azerbaijan?, Belarus?, Belgium, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia Bulgaria?, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia?, Finland, France, Formica uralensis '" Order HOMOPTERA Georgia?, Germany, Greece, European Red Wood Ant Hungary?, Iran?, Italy, Japan?, Family CICADroAE Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Kazakhstan?, Latvia?, Lithuania?, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Magicicada cassini '"' Moldova?, Poland, Romania?, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Cassini Periodical Cicada Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Switzeriand, Turkey, Ukraine, USA Ukraine United Kingdom [re-int], Yugoslavia Magicicada septendecim "- Decim Periodical Cicada Maculinea arionides '*' Canada, USA Family SPHECmAE Greater Large Blue Magicicada septendecula " China, Japan, Russia Tachysphex pechumani ' Decula Periodical Cicada '" Antennal-waving Wasp Maculinea nausithous USA USA Dusky Large Blue Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?, Belarus?, Bulgaria, Czech Republic?, Order HYMENOPTERA France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan?, Moldova?, Poland, Family FORMICIDAE Order LEPIDOPTERA Romania?, Russia, Spain, Formica aquilonia '" Family HESPERIIDAE Switzeriand, Ukraine, Yugoslavia European Red Wood Ant Panoquina errans '" Maculinea teleius '*' Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Finland, Wandering Skipper Scarce Large Blue France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Mexico, USA Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic?, Norway, Russia, Sweden, France, Georgia?, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan?, Yugoslavia Mongolia?, Poland, Russia, Spain?, '" Family LYCAENIDAE Formica lugubris Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia European Red Wood Ant Chrysoritis oreas '' " Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, France, Drakensburg Copper Poecilmitis aureus Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, South Africa South Africa Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, " lolaus aphnaeoides " Thestor brachycerus Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United South Africa South Africa Kingdom, Yugoslavia Lepidochrysops bacchus " Formica polyctena '" Family NYMPHALmAE European Red Wood Ant Wineland Blue Africa Anetia briarea "" Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech South Lesser False Fritillary Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Lycaena dispar " Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Large Copper Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?, Anetia cubana "" Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Belarus?, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Salvin's Anetia Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Republic, Estonia, Finland?, France, Cuba Yugoslavia Georgia?, Germany, Greece, Anetia jaegeri '"' Formica pratensis/nigricans "" Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan?, European Red Wood Ant Latvia?, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Jaeger's Anetia Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Moldova?, Mongolia?, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Poland, Anetia pantheratus "" Switzerland, Turkey?, Ukraine, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, False Fritillary Yugoslavia Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Maculinea alcon " Danaus cleophile "" Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Alcon Large Blue Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Jamaican Monarch Albania?, Austria, Belarus?, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica Belgium, Bulgaria?, Czech Yugoslavia Republic?, Denmark, France, Euploea blossomae '°' '" Formica rufa Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Schaus' Crow European Red Wood Ant Kazakhstan?, Lithuania, Moldova?, Philippines Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Netheriands, Poland?, Romania, '»' Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Russia, Slovakia?, Spain, Sweden, Euploea gamelia Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Javan Crow Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Yugoslavia Indonesia

170 Leeches

Euploea martinii "" Papilio maraho " Somatochlora incurvata "^ Sumatran Crow Taiwan Canada, USA Indonesia Papilio sjoestedti " Somatochlora ozarkensis '^' Euploea swainson "" Kilimanjaro Swallowtail USA Swainson's Crow Tanzania Indonesia, Philippines Parides burchellanus " Family GOMPHIDAE '"' Brazil Euploea tobleri Gomphurus modestus '^ " Tobler's Crow Teinopalpus imperialis GulfClubtail Philippines Kaiser-I-Hind USA '"' Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Idea iasonia Gomphus diminutus '" Nepal Ceylon Tree-nymph Diminutive Clubtail Sri Lanka Troides andromacfie " USA ">' Indonesia?, Malaysia Idea malabarica Gomphus hodgesi '-' Malabar Tree-Nymph Family SATYRIDAE Hodges' Clubtail India USA Coenonympha oedippus '" "" Parantica albata '^' False Ringlet Hylogomphus geminatus Zinken's Tiger Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Twin-striped Clubtail Indonesia Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan?, USA "" Parantica nilgiriensis Liechtenstein, Mongolia?, Poland, Hylogomphus parvidens '" Nilgiri Tiger Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, USA India Ukraine Ophiogomphus anomalus '-' "" '" Parantica pseudomelaneus Erebia christi Canada, USA Javan Tiger Raetzer's Ringlet Ophiogomphus incurvatus '^' Indonesia Italy, Switzerland USA Parantica taprobana "" Ceylon Tiger Order MANTODEA Family SYNLESTIDAE Sri Lanka Chlorolestes draconicus '^ Parantica tityoides "" Family MANTTOAE South Africa Sumatran Chocolate Tiger Apteromantis aptera '" '-' Indonesia Spain Ecchlorolestes nylephtha South Africa Protoploea apatela '"' Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Order ODONATA Class MEROSTOMATA Family PAPILIONIDAE Family AESHNTOAE Archon apollinaris " Order XIPHOSURA Aeshna viridis '" Armenia, Bulgaria, Greece, Iran, Austria, Czech Republic?, Denmark, Family LIMULroAE Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Estonia?, Finland, Germany, '" Romania, Syria, Turkey, Limulus polyphemus Turkmenistan Hungary, Latvia?, Lithuania?, Horseshoe Crab Netherlands, Poland, Russia, '" Canada, Mexico, USA Baronia brevicomis Slovakia?, Sweden, Yugoslavia? Short-homed Baronia Mexico Family CALOPTERYGroAE Class ONYCHOPHORA Graphium mendana '' Calopteryx angustipennis '" Order ONYCHOPHORA Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands USA Luehdorfiajaponica " Family PERIPATIDAE Japanese Luehdorfia Family COENAGRIONIDAE Plicatoperipatus jamaicensis '-' Japan Megalagrion nigrohanmtum '" Jamaica Omithoptera chimaera '' Nigrohamatum Damselfly Chimaera Birdwing USA (Hawaiian Is) Class HIRUDINEA Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Papilio benguetanus " Family CORDULiroAE Order ARHYNCHOBDELLAE Philippines Antipodochlora braueri '" Family HIRUDEMroAE Papilio grosesmithi " New Zealand Hirudo medicinalis '" Madagascar '-' Macromia margarita Medicinal Ixech " Papilio himeros USA Albania, Armenia, Austria, Argentina, Brazil Somatochlora calverti '^ Azerbaijan?, Belarus?, Belgium, Papilio manlius " Calverts' Emerald Bulgaria, Czech Republic?, Mauritius USA Denmark, Estonia?, Finland, France,

171 '

Lower Risk : near threatened

Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Fusconaia barnesiana " Obovaria subrotunda -* Italy, Kazakhstan?, Latvia?, USA USA Luxembourg, Moldova, Lithuania, Fusconaia lananensis -* Obovaria unicolor ^ Netherlands, Norway, Poland, USA USA Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, " -* Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Fusconaia ozarkensis Plethobasus cyphyus Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA USA Yugoslavia Fusconaia subrotunda ^' Pleurobema beadleianum -* USA USA Fusconaia succissa * Pleurobema cordatum ^ Class OLIGOCHAETA USA USA

-' [R. Green, R. Ohio] Order HAPLOTAXIDA Lampsilis bracteata USA Pleurobema decisum -' Family LUTODRILIDAE Lampsilis cardium -' Southern Clubshell USA Lutodrilus multivesiculatus '" USA -' USA Lampsilis fullerkati '•' Pleurobema pyriforme Waccamaw Fatmucket Oval Pigtoe USA USA " Class BIVALVIA Lampsilis haddletoni " Pleurobema riddellii USA USA Order UNIONOroA " Lampsilis omata -* Pleurobema rubrum Family UNIONIDAE USA Pyramid Pigtoe ^ USA Actinonaias pectorosa ' Lampsilis ovata [R. Green] USA USA Pseudanodonta complanata " Anodontoides radiatus ^* Lampsilis perovalis -' Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, USA Orangenacre Mucket USA Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Cyclonaias tuberculata -* Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, USA Lampsilis satura -* Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Ellipsaria lineolata " USA Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, USA Lampsilis splendida -' United Kingdom Elliptio ahenea -' USA Ptychobranchus occidentalis -* USA Lasmigona holstonia -* USA Elliptio angustata -* Tennessee Heelsplitter USA USA Ptychobranchus subtentum -*

-' USA Elliptio congaraea " Lasmigona subviridis USA Green Floater Pyganodon gibbosa -' USA USA Elliptio dariensis -' USA Leptodea leptodon " Quadrula asperata -* Scaleshell USA Elliptio downiei " USA USA Quadrula houstonensis -' " Elliptio folliculata " Leptodea ochracea USA USA USA Quadrula refulgens -' -* Elliptio hopetonensis -' Lexingtonia dolabelloides USA Pearlymussel USA Slabside Quadrula rumphiana -'' USA Elliptio lanceolata " USA Ligumia nasuta ' Yellow Lance Quincuncina infucata " USA USA USA *• Ligumia recta " Elliptio mcmichaeli Strophitus connasaugaensis -* USA USA USA ^' Medionidus conradicus -* Elliptio producta Strophitus subvexus -* USA USA USA Elliptio shepardiana ^•' Obovaria jacksoniana -" Vnio crassus '" Altamaha Lance USA Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, USA Obovaria rotulata -^ Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fusconaia askewi " Round Ebonyshell Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, USA USA Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein,

172 Molluscs: snails

Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Family HYDROBIIDAE Family MURICffiAE Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Bythinella carinulata " Latiaxis babelis ™ Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, France Malta Switzerland, Ukraine Bythinella pupoides " France, Switzerland Order Order VENEROroA Bythinella vesontiana '^ STYLOMMATOPHORA Family SPHAERIDAE France Family AGRIOLIMACn)AE Bythiospeum elseri ™ Pisidium fultoni ' Deroceras vascoana '" Austria Australia France, Spain Falniowskia neglectissimum '"" Poland, Slovakia Family CAMAENffiAE Class GASTROPODA Fluviopupa ™ gracilis " Australia Amphidromus cognatus Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA Australia Fluviopupa ramsayi "' Amplirhagada montalivetensis "° Family NERUffiAE Australia ™ Australia Neritilia manoeli " Fonscochlea zeidleri Austrochloritis ascensa "•' Angola, Cameroon, Sao Tome & Australia Australia Pri'ncipe Hemistoma gemma '" '" Australia Austrochloritis pusilla Australia MoUessieria lineolata ^ Order BASOMMATOPHORA " France Baccalena squamulosa Australia Family ANCYLIDAE Moitessieria rayi ^ Baudinella baudinensis '™ Ancylus regularis " France Australia Ethiopia Paladilhia hungarica '" Cooperconcha centralis '" Simulator consetti "« Hungary Australia Australia Potamopyrgus oscitans "' '" Australia Craterodiscus pricei Australia Family PLANORBroAE Trockidrobia punicea "» Cristilabrum spectaculum "* Biomphalaria angulosa " Australia Australia Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia Victodrobia victoriensis ™ Cupedora "' Biomphalaria salinarum " Australia broughami Angola, Namibia? Australia "•' Bulinus barthi " Family RANELLIDAE Cupedora luteofusca Australia Kenya, Tanzania Cymatium parthenopaeum '" '" Bulinus browni " Italy Cupedora marcidum Kenya Australia "•' Bulinus canescens " Family THIARIDAE Cupedora sutilosa Australia Angola, Zaire, Zambia Cleopatra grandidieri " "•' Bulinus cemicus " Madagascar Cupedora tomsetti Australia Mauritius Melanatria fluminea " '" Bulinus crystallinus " Madagascar Glyptorhagadajanaslini Australia Angola, Gabon Melanatria madagascarensis " " Bulinus hexaploidus " Madagascar Granulomelon grandituberculatum Ethiopia Australia Bulinus octaploidus " Family VIVIPARIDAE Jacksonena delicata '*' Australia Ethiopia Viviparus acerosus '" '" Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Jacksonena rudis Hungary, Romania, Slovakia Australia Order MESOGASTROPODA Lacustrelix minor '" Family AMPULLARIDAE Australia Order NEOGASTROPODA '" Lanistes ciliatus " Lacustrelix yerelinana Kenya Family BUCCINIDAE Australia '" Lanistes elliptus " Ranella olearia '" Meliobba shafferyi Malawi, Mozambique, Zaire Italy Australia "' Pila occidentalis " Ranella parthenopaeum '" Meridolum marshalli Angola, Namibia, Zambia Italy Australia

173 Lower Risk : near threatened

"- Family Mesodontrachia desmonda'" Muticaria macrostoma Australia Malta HELICODISCIDAE " Helicodiscus diadema '" Mesodontrachia fUzroyana USA Australia Family COCHLICOPIDAE Helicodiscus hexodon '" Ordtrachia australis ">' Cryptazeca vasconica '" USA Australia Spain

'" Family Ordtrachia septentrionalis HELMINTHOGLYPXroAE Australia Family DISCIDAE '*' "' Eremarionta morongoana Papuexul bidwilli ' Discus scutula Morongo Desert Snail Australia Spain (Canary Is) USA " Pleuroxia arcigerens Helminthoglypta mohaveana '« Australia Family GEOMITRmAE Victorville Shoulderband Pleuroxia italowiana "" USA Actinella actinophora '" Australia Sonorella allynsmithi '" Portugal (Madeira) Posorites turneri '" USA Actinella carinofausta '" Australia Sonorella christenseni '" Portugal (Madeira) " USA Semotrachia sublevata '" Actinella fausta '" Australia Sonorella eremita Portugal (Madeira) " Sax Xavier Talus Snail Semotrachia winneckeana Actinella giramica '" USA Australia Portugal (Madeira) Sonorella grahamensis '" Setobaudinia victoriana '» Actinella obserata '" USA Australia Portugal (Madeira) Sonorella macrophallus '" Sphaerospira macleayi "' Actinella robusta '" USA Australia Portugal (Madeira) Sonorella metcalfi "'> '" Sphaerospira rockhamptonensis ' Spirorbula obtecta Franklin Mountain Talus Snail Australia Portugal (Madeira) USA '" Sonorella todseni '" Sphaerospira whartoni '" Spirorbula squalida (Madeira) USA Australia Portugal " Torresitrachia funium Family HYGROMimAE Australia Family HELICmAE Atenia quadrani '" Allognathus graellsianus '" Family CHAROPmAE Spain (Balearic Is) Spain '" '" Cryptosaccus asturiensis Allocharopa okeana '" Chilostoma cingulellum Spain Australia Poland, Slovakia Helicella gasulli '" '" '" Allocharopa tarravillensis Chilostoma rossmaessleri Spain Australia Poland, Slovakia Helicella orzai '" Pillomena aemula » Codringtonia acacrianica "* Spain Australia Greece Helicella striatitala "> Roblinella agnewi '" Codringtonia codringtonii '" Spain Australia Rock Snail Helicella zaratei '" Greece Setomedea nudicostata '" Spain '" Australia Cylindrus obtusus Helicella zujarensis '" Austria Spain Helix godetiana "* Helicopsis conopsis "* Greece Morocco Family CHONDRINTOAE Hemicycla berkeleyi ' Montserratina bofilliana '" * Solatopupa psarolena Spain (Canary Is) Spain France, Italy Hemicycla mascaensis ' Oestophora ortizi '" Spain (Canary Is) Spain Iberus qualtieranus '" Plentusia vendia '" Family CLAUSILITOAE Spain Spain '" '" Charpentieria diodon '" Pseudocampylaea podocampylaea Pyrenaeania cotiellae Italy, Switzerland Portugal (Madeira) Spain

174 " '

Nemenine worms

Pyrenaearia navasi '" Polygyra hippocrepis '" Family VALLO^fIIDAE Spain USA Vallonia declivis '" Pyrenaearia oberthueri '" Polygyra peregrina ' Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain Strange Many-whorled Land Snail Slovakia, Switzerland Pyrenaearia organiaca '" USA Spain Family VERTIGINIDAE Pyrenaearia parva '" Family PUPILLIDAE Vertigo alabamensis '" Spain USA Gyliotrachela catherina ' '" '" Pyrenaearia poncebensis Australia Vertigo arthuri Spain USA Pupilla ficulnea " '" Pyrenaearia velascoi '" Australia Vertigo hebardi Spain USA Sterkia Clementina '•" '" '" Suboestophora altamirai Insular Birddrop Vertigo hubricti Spain USA USA '" Suboestophora hispanica '" Vertigo occulta Spain USA Family RHYXmiDAE '" Trochoidea betulonensis '" Vertigo ovata Paryphanta busbyi Spain USA Kauri Snail '" Trochoidea claudinae VU'" B2e Family VITRINIDAE Spain (Balearic Is) New Zealand Insulivitrina machadoi ' '" Trochoidea jimenensis Powelliphanta marchantii " Spain (Canary Is) Spain New Zealand Insulivitrina mascaensis ' '" Trochoidea montserratensis Victaphanta atramentaria '" Spain (Canary Is) Spain Australia Insulivitrina tuberculata ' Xerosecta adolfi '" Spain (Canary Is) Spain Family STREPTAXIDAE Family ZONIXmAE Family LIMACroAE Gonospira bourguignati Oxychilus basajauna '" Malacolimax wiktori ' VU ™ B2ab Spain Spain (Canary Is) Reunion Paravitrea clappi '" USA Family Family SUBULINTOAE ORCULIDAE Trochomorpha melvillensis '* Orculafuchsi '" Beckianum sinistrum '" Australia Austria Costa Rica, Nicaragua Zonites anaphiensis '" '" Greece Family PAPILLODERMIDAE Leptinaria strebeliana Nicaragua Papilloderma altonagai "' Spain Family SUCCINEmAE Family POLYGYRmAE Class ENOPLA Catinella arenaria "' '" Ashmunella pasonis Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Order HOPLONEMERTEA Franklin Mountain Woodland Snail Netherlands, Norway, Poland, USA Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Family PROSORHOCHMmAE United Kingdom '" Mesodon clenchi '" Argonemertes hillii Clench's Middle-toothed Land Snail Succinea sanctaehelenae '" Australia USA St Helena

175

List 4

Extinct and Extinct in tlie Wild

Class MAMMALIA Onychogalea lunata Pteropus loochoensis Crescent Nailtail Wallaby Okinawa Flying-fox " EX EX '«' Order DASYUROMORPHIA Australia Japan (Nansei-shoto) Family THYLACINroAE Pteropus pilosus Thylacinus cynocephalus Order INSECTIVGRA Palau Fruit Bat « Thylacine EX EX '" Family SOLENODONTroAE Palau Australia Solenodon marcanoi Pteropus subniger EX " EX « Order PERAMELEMORPHIA Dominican Republic Mauritius, Reunion Family Pteropus tokudae Family PERAMELEDAE NESOPHGNXroAE Guam Fruit Bat Chaeropus ecaudatus Nesophontes hypomicrus EX « Pig-footed Bandicoot Atalaye Nesophontes Guam EX ' EX '" Family PHYLLOSTOMIDAE Australia Dominican Republic, Haiti Macrotis leucura Nesophontes micrus Phyllonycteris major Lesser Bilby Western Cuban Nesophontes Puerto Rican Flower Bat EX " EX "" EX '" Australia Cuba Puerto Rico Perameles eremiana Nesophontes paramicrus Family VESPERTILIONIDAE Desert Bandicoot Saint Michel Nesophontes " EX '" Myotis miUeri EX « Australia Dominican Republic, Haiti EX Mexico Nesophontes sp. EX '" Myotis planiceps Order DIPROTODONTIA « Cayman Islands EX Family POTOROroAE Mexico Nesophontes zamicrus Caloprymnus campestris Haitian Nesophontes Nyctophilus howensis « Desert Rat-kangaroo EX '" EX " EX Dominican Republic, Haiti Australia, New Caledonia Australia Family MYSTACINTDAE Potorous platyops Order CHIROPTERA Mystacina robusta Broad-faced Potoroo « EX " Family PTEROPODIDAE EX New Zealand, Solomon Islands Australia Acerodon lucifer Family MACROPODroAE Panany Giant Fruit Bat EX « Order CARNIVGRA Lagorchestes asomatus Philippines Central Hare-wallaby Family CANIDAE EX " Dobsonia chapmani Dusicyon australis Australia Philippine Bare-backed Fruit Bat EX « Falklands Wolf Lagorchestes leporides EX » Philippines Eastern Hare-wallaby Falkland Islands EX " Nyctimene sanctacrucis « Family MUSTELffiAE Australia EX Solomon Islands Macropus greyi Mustela nigripes Toolache Wallaby Pteropus brunneus Black-footed Ferret EX " EX " EW '" Australia Australia USA

177 Extinct and Extinct in the Wild

Family PHOCIDAE Gazella saudiya Papagomys theodorverhoeveni Saudi Gazelle EX " Monachus tropicalis EW ' Indonesia West Indian Monk Seal Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Paulamys naso EX '" Syria, Yemen EX " Bahamas, Colombia (Isla de Hippotragus leucophaeus Indonesia Providencia), Cuba, Guadeloupe, Bluebuck Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Peromyscus pembertoni ' USA EX EX " South Africa Mexico Family PROCYONmAE Pseudomys gouldii Procyon gloveralleni Order RODENTIA EX " Barbados Raccoon Family MURTOAE Australia '" EX Canariomys tamarani Rattus macleari Barbados EX " EX " Spain (Canary Is) Australia Order SIRENIA Conilurus albipes Rattus nativitatis EX " EX " Family DUGONGmAE Australia Christmas Island Hydrodamalis gigas Coryphomys buhleri Spelaeomys florensis " Steller'sSeaCow EX " EX EX '»' Indonesia Indonesia Russia, USA Leporillus apicalis Family ERETHIZGNXroAE " EX Sphiggurus pallidus " Order PERISSODACTYLA Australia EX Megalomys desmarestii "West Indies" Family EQUIDAE " EX Family ECHEVTYIDAE Equus przewalskii Martinique Boromys offella Przewalski's Wild Horse Megalomys luciae EX " " EX " EW Cuba China, Mongolia St Lucia Boromys torrei Equus quagga Microtus bavaricus EX " Quagga Bavarian Vole ' Cuba EX '»' EX Germany Brotomys contractus South Africa EX " Nesoryzomys darwini EX " Haiti Brotomys voratus Order ARTIODACTYLA Ecuador (Galapagos Is) EX " Family SUTOAE Nesoryzomys fernandinae EX " Dominican Republic, Haiti Sus bucculentus Heteropsomys antillensis Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Vietnam Warty Pig EX " Nesoryzomys swarthi EX '«' Puerto Rico EX " Viet Nam Heteropsomys insulans Ecuador (Galapagos Is) EX " Family CERVTOAE Notomys amplus EX " Puerto Rico Cervus schomburgki Puertoricomys corozalus Australia Schomburgk's Deer EX " EX '" Notomys longicaudatus " Puerto Rico Thailand EX Australia Family CAPROMYIDAE Family BOVroAE Notomys macrotis Capromys sp. " "" Gazella arabica EX EX Arabian Gazelle Australia Cayman Islands EX ' Notomys mordax Geocapromys columbianus Saudi Arabia EX " EX '" Gazella rufina Australia Cuba Red Gazelle Oryzomys nelsoni Geocapromys sp. EX ' EX " EX "" Algeria Mexico Cayman Islands

178 Birds

Geocapromys thoracatus Family ANOMALOPTERYGIDAE Nycticorax mauritianus " EX Mauritius Night-heron Dinomis torosus Honduras "" Brawny Great Moa EX Hexolobodon phenax EX '" Mauritius " EX New Zealand Nycticorax megacephalus Dominican Republic, Haiti Rodrigues Night-heron Eurapteryx gravis "" Isolobodon montanus Burly Lesser Moa EX " EX EX '«' Mauritius (Rodrigues) Dominican Republic, Haiti New Zealand Nycticorax sp. EX '« Plagiodontia araeum Megalaperyx didinus " Reunion EX South Island Tokoweka Dominican Republic EX '« Family CICONiroAE Zealand Plagiodontia ipnaeum New Ciconia sp. EX " EX "" Dominican Republic, Haiti Order CASUARIIFORMES Reunion Plagiodontia velozi Family DROMAIffiAE Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE EX '*' Dromaius ater Borbonibis latipes Dominican Republic, Haiti King Island Emu Reunion Flightless Ibis Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei '" EX '" " EX EX Australia Reunion Haiti Dromaius baudinianus Kangaroo Island Emu Order ANSERIFORMES Family HEPTAXODONTmAE EX '»' Family ANAXmAE Australia Amblyrhiza inundata Alopochen mauritianus " EX Mauritian Shelduck Anguilla Order PODICIPEDIFORMES EX '" Clidomys osborni Family PODICIPEDIDAE Mauritius " EX Podiceps andinus Anas marecula Jamaica '" Colombian Grebe EX French and Antarctic Clidomys parvus EX -' Southem " Territories (Amsterdam Id) EX Colombia Jamaica Anas theodori Podilymbus gigas Mauritian Elasmodontomys obliquus Duck Atitlan Grebe "" " EX EX EX "» Mauritius, Reunion Puerto Rico Guatemala Camptorhynchus labradorius Quemisia gravis Labrador Duck EX " Order PROCELLARIIFORMES EX '»' Dominican Republic, Haiti Family PROCELLARUDAE Canada, USA

Pterodroma sp. Cygnus sumnerensis Order LAGOMORPHA EX '»' Chatham Island Swan "" Family OCHOTONTOAE Mauritius (Rodrigues) EX New Zealand (Chatham Is) Prolagus sardus australis Sardinian Pika Order PELECANIFORMES Mergus « Auckland Islands Merganser EX Family PHALACROCORACroAE '" France, Italy EX Phalacrocorax perspicillatus New Zealand Pallas's Cormorant EX '»' Order FALCONIFORMES Class AVES Russia Family FALCONIDAE

Falco sp. Order STRUTHIONIFORMES Order CICONIIFORMES EX '«' Family AEPYORNITHTOAE Family ARDEIDAE Reunion Aepyomis maximus Ixobrychus novaezelandiae Polyborus lutosus Great Elephantbird Black-backed Bittern Guadalupe Caracara EX '« EX '»' EX '" Madagascar New Zealand Mexico

179 Extinct and Extinct in the Wild

Order GALLIFORMES Porphyria albus Family COLUMBroAE Lord Howe Swamphen Alectroenas nitidissima Family CRACffiAE EX '»' Mauritius Blue Pigeon Mitu mitu Australia EX '" Alagoas Curassow Porzana monasa Mauritius EW =' Kosrae Crake Columbajouyi Brazil EX "" Ryukyu Pigeon Federated States of Micronesia Family PHASIANffiAE EX '« Porzana palmeri Japan (Nansei-shoto) Coturnix novaezelandiae Laysan Crake Columba versicolor New Zealand Quail EX '" EX '«' Bonin Wood Pigeon USA (Hawaiian Is) '" New Zealand EX Porzana sandwickensis Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Hawaiian Crake Ectopistes migratorius EX '" Order GRUIFORMES Passenger Pigeon USA (Hawaiian Is) '« Family RALLTOAE EX USA Aphanapteryx bonasia Order CHARADRIIFORMES Microgoura meeki Red Rail Choiseul Pigeon EX "" Family CHARADRIffiAE EX "" Mauritius Haematopus meadewaldoi Solomon Islands Aphanapteryx leguati Canary Islands Oystercatcher Ptilinopus mercierii Rodrigues Rail '" EX Red-moustached Fruit-Dove EX '« Spain (Canary Is) EX '"' Mauritius (Rodrigues) Vanellus macropterus French Polynesia Atlantisia elpenor Javanese Lapwing Zenaida graysoni Ascension Flightless Crake -' EX Socorro Dove EX '»' Indonesia EW " St Helena (Ascension) Family SCOLOPACIDAE Mexico (Revillagigedos Is) Fulica newtoni 'Alectroenas ' rodericana Prosobonia leucoptera Mascarene Coot Rodrigues Pigeon '»' Tahitian Sandpiper EX '" '" EX Reunion EX Mauritius, Mauritius (Rodrigues) French Polynesia Gallirallus dieffenbachii Dieffenbach's Rail Family LARTOAE Order PSITTACIFORMES EX '" Alca impennis New Zealand (Chatham Is) Family PSITTACmAE Great Auk Gallirallus ntodestus '"' EX 'Lophopsittacus ' bensoni Chatham Islands Rail Canada, Denmark (Faeroe Is), Mauritius Grey Parrot "" EX Greenland, Iceland, Russia, United EX "= New Zealand (Chatham Is) Kingdom Mauritius Gallirallus owstoni Anodorhynchus glaucus Guam Rail Order COLUMBIFORMES Glaucous Macaw ^' EW EX -' Family RAPHmAE Guam Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay

Gallirallus pacificus Pezophaps solitaria Ara tricolor Tahiti Rail Rodrigues Solitaire Cuban Red Macaw '" EX EX '«' EX '»' French Polynesia Mauritius (Rodrigues) Cuba Gallirallus wakensis Raphus cucullatus Conuropsis carolinensis Wake Island Rail Dodo Carolina Parakeet EX "" EX '" EX '" US Minor Pacific Islands (Wake Id) Mauritius USA

Nesoclopeus poecilopterus Raphus solitarius Cyanoramphus ulietanus Bar-winged Rail Reunion Solitaire Raiatea Parakeet EX ^' EX "" EX '»' Fiji Rdunion French Polynesia

180 Birds

Cyanoramphus zealandicus 'Scops' commersoni EX '»' Black-fronted Parakeet Mauritian Owl Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) EX '" EX '=' Family ZOSTEROPmAE French Polynesia Mauritius Lophopsittacus mauritianus Zosterops strenuus Mauritius Parrot Order APODBFORMES Robust White-eye '" '" EX EX Family TROCHILmAE Mauritius Australia Mascarinus mascarinus Chlorostilbon bracei Family MELIPHAGmAE Grace's Emerald Mascarene Parrot '« Chaetoptila angustipluma EX '« EX Bahamas Kioea Reunion EX '" Nestor productus USA (Hawaiian Is) Order Norfolk Island Kaka PICIFORMES Moho apicalis '" EX Family PICmAE Oahu Oo Norfolk Island "" Campephilus principalis EX Psephotus pulcherrimus Ivory-billed Woodpecker USA (Hawaiian Is) Paradise Parrot " EX Moho nobilis =' EX Cuba, USA Hawaii Oo Australia EX '»' Psittacula exsul Order PASSERIFORMES USA (Hawaiian Is) Newton's Parakeet Family DREPANIDIDAE EX '" Family XENICffiAE Mauritius (Rodrigues) Xenicus longipes Chloridops kona Psittacula wardi Bush Wren Kona Grosbeak '" Seychelles Parrot EX -' EX EX '" New Zealand USA (Hawaiian Is) Seychelles Xenicus lyalli Ciridops anna Strigops habroptilus Stephens Island Wren Ula-ai-hawane '" Kakapo EX '» EX EW =' New Zealand USA (Hawaiian Is) New Zealand Family PYCNONOXmAE Drepanis funerea 'NecropsUtacus' rodericanus Black Mamo Hypsipetes sp. EX '" Rodrigues Parrot EX '" EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) Mauritius (Rodrigues) Mauritius (Rodrigues) Drepanis pacifica Family MUSCICAPmAE Hawaii Mamo '" Order CUCULIFORMFS Gerygone insularis EX Lord Howe Gerygone USA (Hawaiian Is) Family CUCULffiAE EX "" Hemignathus obscurus Coua delalandei Australia Akialoa Snail-eating Coua -' Myiagra freycineti EX EX '« Guam Flycatcher USA (Hawaiian Is) Madagascar EX =' Paroreomyza flammea Guam Molokai Creeper Order STRIGIFORMES '" Nesillas aldabrana EX Family STRIGmAE Aldabra Bush-warbler USA (Hawaiian Is) " Sauzieri sp. EX Rhodacanthis flaviceps Mauritian Owl Seychelles Lesser Koa-fmch "" EX '"' Turdus ravidus EX Mauritius Grand Cayman Thrush USA (Hawaiian Is) '" Sceloglaux albifacies EX Rhodacanthis palmeri Laughing Owl Cayman Islands Greater Koa-fmch '" EX "" Turnagra capensis EX New Zealand Piopio USA (Hawaiian Is) '" 'Athene' murivora EX Viridonia sagittirostris Rodrigues Little Owl New Zealand Greater Amakihi '" EX '" Zoothera terrestris EX Mauritius (Rodrigues) Bonin Thrush USA (Hawaiian Is)

181 Extinct and Extinct in the Wild

Family ICTERIDAE Family GEKKONmAE Family TYPHLOProAE

Quiscalus palustris Hoplodactylus delcourti Typhlops cariei Slender-billed Grackle EX "" EX '«' '"' EX New Zealand Mauritius Mexico Nactus coindemerensis EW '* Order TESTUDBVES Family FRINGILLffiAE Mauritius Chaunoproctus ferreorostris Phelsuma gigas Family TESTUDEMDAE Bonin Grosbeak Rodrigues Day Gecko Cylindraspis borbonica EX '«' EX '»' EX "" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Mauritius (Rodrigues) Reunion Spiza townsendi Family IGUANIDAE Townsend's Finch Cylindraspis indica '" EX '" Leiocephalus eremitus EX USA EX "" Reunion USA Family PLOCEIDAE Cylindraspis inepta Leiocephalus herminieri EX '" Foudia sp. '«' EX Mauritius Reunion Fody Martinique EX '" Cylindraspis peltastes "" Reunion Family SCINCIDAE EX Mauritius (Rodrigues) Leiolopisma mauritiana Family STURNIDAE EX '»' Cylindraspis triserrata Mauritius EX '" Aplonis corvina Mauritius Kosrae Mountain Starling Macroscincus coctei EX '" Cape Verde Giant Skink Cylindraspis vosmaeri '" Federated States of Micronesia EX EX '»' Cape Verde Aplonis fusca Mauritius (Rodrigues) Tasman Starling Tachygia microlepis EX "= Tonga Ground Skink '" Class AMPHIBIA Australia, Norfolk Island EX Aplonis mavornata Tonga Mysterious Starling Tetradactylus eastwoodae Order ANURA EX "" Eastwood's Longtailed Seps Unknown EX '•' Family DISCOGLOSSroAE South Africa Fregilupus varius Discoglossus nigriventer Reunion Starling Family TEIIDAE Israel Painted Frog '«' EX EX '"' Ameiva cineracea Reunion Israel EX '*' Necrospar rodericanus [L. Huleh] Guadeloupe Rodrigues Starling Family MYOBATRACHIDAE EX '«' Ameiva major Martinique Giant Ameiva Mauritius (Rodrigues) Uperoleia marmorata EX "" Family CALLAEIDAE Marbled Toadlet Martinique EX " Heteralocha acutirostris Australia Huia Order SERPENTES EX '" Family RANffiAE New Zealand Family BOmAE Arthroleptides dutoiti Bolyeria multocarinata EX '" Class REPTILIA Round Island Boa Kenya EX "* Ranafisheri Order SAURIA Mauritius Vegas Valley Leopard Frog Family ANGUffiAE Family COLUBRroAE EX '" USA Celestus occiduus Alsophis sancticrucis Jamaica Giant Galliwasp Saint Croix Racer Rana tlaloci EX '«' EX '»' EX '»' Jamaica Virgin Islands (US) Mexico

182 Fishes: bony fishes

Class Notropis orca Coregonus nigripinnis CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI Phantom Shiner Blackfm Cisco EX "" EX " Mexico, USA Canada Order PETROMYZONTIFORMES Notropis saladonis [Great Lakes] Sardinita de Salado Salvelinus agassizi Family PETROMYZONTmAE « EX Silver Trout Lampetra minima Mexico EX "" Miller Lake Lamprey Pogonichthys ciscoides USA EX "" Clear Lake Splittail USA EX '«' USA Order ATHEREVEFORMES Class ACTINOPTERYGII Rhinichthys deaconi Family ATHEREVIDAE Las Vegas Dace Order CYPRINIFORMES '« EX Rheocles sikorae Family CYPRINIDAE USA Zona "« Acanthobrama hulensis Stypodon signifer EX EX '»' Stumptooth Minnow Madagascar '" [R. Manambola] Israel EX [L. Huleh) Mexico Cyprinus yilongensis Family CATOSTOMIDAE EX '« Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Chasmistes muriei China Snake River Sucker Family CYPRINODONTIDAE Epalzeorhynchos bicolor "" "" EX EW USA Cyprinodon alvarezi Thailand Perrito de Potosi Lagochila lacera " Evarra bustamantei EW Harelip Sucker Mexican Dace Mexico EX '»' EX "" USA Cyprinodon ceciliae Mexico Cachorrito de la Presa Evarra eigenmanni EX "' Mexican Dace Order SILURIFORMES Mexico EX '" Family TRICHOMYCTERIDAE Cyprinodon inmemoriam Mexico Cachorrito de la Trinidad Evarra Rhizosomichthys totae tlahuacensis EX '" EX "" Mexican Dace Mexico EX '" Colombia Mexico [L. Tota] Cyprinodon latifasciatus Perrito de Parras Gila crassicauda EX '" Thicktail Chub Order SALMONIFORMES EX "' Mexico Family RETROPCVNIDAE USA Cyprinodon longidorsalis Lepidomeda altivelis Prototroctes oxyrhynchus Cachorrito de Charco Palmal " Pahranagat Spinedace New Zealand Grayling EW EX '" EX "" Mexico USA New Zealand Cyprinodon sp. Leuciscus turskyi Family SALMONIDAE Perritos de Sandia '»' EX EX '»' Croatia Coregonus alpenae Mexico [R. Cikola] Longjaw Cisco '" Fundulus albolineatus Notropis amecae EX Whiteline Topminnow Shiner Canada, USA Ameca "^ EX '" [Great Lakes] EX USA Mexico Coregonus johannae Notropis aulidion Deepwater Cisco Megupsilon aporus Durango Shiner EX '" Cachorrito Enano de Potosi EX "" Canada, USA EW "' Mexico [Great Lakes] Mexico

183 Extinct and Extinct in the Wild

Family GOODEmAE Haplochromis lividus Lipochromis microdon EW " EX " Ameca splendens [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Goodeid " Harpagochromis "red-eye guiarti" Platytaeniodus degeni EW " " Mexico EW EW [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Characodon garmani Harpagochromis artaxerxes Prognathochromis arcanus Parras Cliaracodon " EX " EX '»' EX Victoria] [L. Victoria] Mexico [L. Harpagochromis boops Prognathochromis argenteus meiriami Empetrichthys EX " EX " Asli Meadows Killifish EX "" [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] USA Harpagochromis cavifrons Prognathochromis bartoni EX " EX " Skiffia francesae [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Tiro " Harpagochromis maculipinna Prognathochromis bayoni EW " " Mexico EX EX [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Family POECILIIDAE Harpagochromis michaeli Prognathochromis decticostoma Gambusia amistadensis EX " EX " Amistad Gambusia [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] '«' EX Harpagochromis nyanzae Prognathochromis dentex USA EX " EX " Gambusia georgei [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] San Marcos Gambusia Harpagochromis pachycephalus Prognathochromis estor EX '»' EX " EX " USA [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Priapella bonita Harpagochromis paraplagiostoma Prognathochromis flavipinnis Guayacon Ojiazul EX " EX " '« EX [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Mexico Harpagochromis pectoralis Prognathochromis gilberti EX " EX " Order SCORPAENIFORMES [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Family COTTmAE Harpagochromis spekii Prognathochromis gowersi EX " EX " Cottus echinatus [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Utah Lake Sculpin '»' Harpagochromis thuragnathus Prognathochromis longirostris EX " " USA EX EX [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Harpagochromis victorianus Prognathochromis macrognathus Order PERCIFORMES EX " EX " Family FERCmAE [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Hoplotilapia retrodens Prognathochromis mandibularis Etheostoma sellare EX " EX " Maryland Darter [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] EX '»' USA Labrochromis ishmaeli Prognathochromis nanoserranus EW " EX " Family CICHLmAE [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Astatotilapia martini Labrochromis mylergates Prognathochromis nigrescens " EX EX '^ EX '^ [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Astatotilapia megalops Labrochromis pharyngomylus Prognathochromis paraguiarti EX " EX " EX " [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] Gaurochromis obtusidens Labrochromis teegelaari Prognathochromis percoides EX " EX " EX " [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria] [L. Victoria]

184 Insects w

Prognathochromis perrieri Order CYCLOPOIDA Oedemasylus laysanensis " "" EW Family CYCLOPIDAE EX [L. Victoria] USA (Hawaiian Is) Afrocyclops pauliani Prognathochromis prognathus Pentarthrum blackbumi " EX '« EX Blackburn's Weevil Madagascar [L. Victoria] EX '" Prognathochromis pseudopellegrini USA (Hawaiian Is) " Order DECAPODA EX Rhyncogonus bryani [L. Victoria] Family ATYIDAE EX '" Prognathochromis vittatus Syncaris pasadenas USA (Hawaiian Is) " Pasadena Freshwater EX Shrimp Trigonoscuta rossi "' [L. Victoria] EX Fort Ross Weevil Prognathochromis xenostoma USA EX "" EX " USA [L. Victoria] Order ISOPODA Trigonoscuta yorbalindae Psammochromis cassias Family SPHAEROMAXroAE Yorba Linda Weevil " '" EX Thermosphaeroma thermophilum EX Victoria] [L. Socorro Isopod USA " Pyxichromis parorthostoma EW Family DYTISCIDAE EX " USA [L. Victoria] Hygrotus artus Mono Lake Diving Beetle Xystichromis bayoni Order PODOCOProA EX " EX '" Family CANDGNimAE USA [L. Victoria] Namibocypris costata Megadytes ducalis Yssichromis "argens" " EW " EX EX '«' Namibia Brazil [L. Victoria] Family CYPRIDIDAE Rhantus novacaledoniae "" Class CRUSTACEA Liocypris grandis EX EX ' New Caledonia South Africa Rhantus orbignyi Order AMPHIPODA EX '" Family CRANGONYCTmAE Class INSECTA Argentina, Brazil Stygobromus lucifugus Rhantus papuanus "" Rubious Cave Amphipod Order COLEOPTERA EX EX '« Papua New Guinea USA Family CARABmAE Siettitia balsetensis Mecodema punctellum Family GAMMARffiAE Perrin's Cave Beetle '«' EX EX "" Gammarus acheronytes Zealand New France Illinois Cave Amphipod EX « Family CERAMBYCmAE USA Xylotoles costatus Order DIPTERA '" Gammarus desperatus EX Family DOLICHOPODroAE Noel's Amphipod New Zealand (Chatham Is) EX « Family CURCULIONIDAE Campsicnemus mirabilis '" USA Dryophthorus distinguendus EX USA (Hawaiian Is) Family PARAMELIXmAE EX '»' USA (Hawaiian Is) Family DROSOPHILIDAE Austrogammarus australis '" Dryotribus mimeticus EX Drosophila lanaiensis '" Australia EX EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Order CALANOIDA Hadramphus tuberculatus EX '" Family TABANIDAE Family DIAPTOMIDAE New Zealand Stonemyia volutina Tropodiaptomus ctenopus Macrancylus linearis Volutine Stoneyian Tabanid Fly EX '« EX '" EX '»' Madagascar USA (Hawaiian Is) USA

185 Extinct and Extinct in tine Wild

Order EPHEMEROPTERA Family LYCAENTOAE Hypena newelli Kilo Noctuid Moth Family EPHEMERIDAE Deloneura immaculata EX "" EX "" Pantagenia robusta USA (Hawaiian Is) South Africa Robust Burrowing Mayfly Hypena plagiota EX "" Glaucopsyche xerces Lovegrass Noctuid Moth USA Xerces Blue EX '« '« EX USA (Hawaiian Is) Family SIPHLONURmAE USA Hypena senicula Acanthometropus pecatonica Lepidochrysops hypopolia Kaholuamano Noctuid Moth Pecatonica River Mayfly EX '" EX '" '" EX South Africa USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Family NEPTICULIDAE Family PYRALIDAE

Genophantis leahi Order HOMOPTERA Ectodemia castaneae American Chestnut Moth EX "" Family PSEUDOCOCCIDAE EX '«' USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Clavicoccus erinaceus Hedylepta asaphrombra '" EX '"' Ectodemia phleophaga EX (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Phleophagan Chestnut Moth USA '«' Phyllococcus oahuensis EX Hedylepta continuatalis "" EX "" USA EX USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Family NOCTUroAE Hedylepta epicentra Agrotis crinigera EX '« Order LEPIDOPTERA Poko Noctuid Moth USA (Hawaiian Is) EX '" Family ARGYRESTHIIDAE Hedylepta euryprora (Hawaiian Is) USA '" Argyresthia castaneela EX Agrotis fasciata Chestnut Ermine Moth USA (Hawaiian Is) Midway Noctuid Moth '»' Hedylepta fullawayi EX EX '«' USA EX '»' USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Family COLEOPHORIDAE Agrotis kerri Hedylepta laysanensis Coleophora leucochrysella Kerr's Noctuid Moth '" '" EX '»' EX EX USA (Hawaiian Is) USA USA (Hawaiian Is) Hedylepta meyricki Family GEOMETRroAE Agrotis laysanensis EX "" Laysan Noctuid Moth USA (Hawaiian Is) Scotorythra megalophylla EX '"' Kona Giant Looper Moth Hedylepta musicola USA (Hawaiian Is) '" EX "" EX Agrotis photophila (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) USA EX '»' telegrapha Scotorythra nesiotes Hedylepta USA (Hawaiian Is) "" Ko'olau Giant Looper Moth EX Agrotis procellaris EX '»' USA (Hawaiian Is) EX '"' USA (Hawaiian Is) Oeobia sp. USA (Hawaiian Is) '" Scotorythra paratactis EX Hawaiian Hopseed Looper Moth Helicoverpa confusa USA (Hawaiian Is) Confused Moth EX '" Family SPHDJGmAE EX '«' USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Tinostoma smaragditis Tritocleis microphylla Fabulous Green Sphinx of Kauai Helicoverpa minuta Ola' a Peppered Looper Moth EX "" '" Minute Noctuid Moth EX USA (Hawaiian Is) EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Family TISCHERIIDAE Family LIBYTHEmAE Hypena laysanensis Tischeria perplexa Libythea cinyras Laysan Dropseed Noctuid Moth Chestnut Clearwing Moth EX '" EX '«' EX '«' Mauritius USA (Hawaiian Is) USA

186 Molluscs: snails

Family ZYGAENTOAE Family LEPTOCERroAE Dysnomia lewisii? Levuana irridescens Triaenodes phalacris Forkshell '" Levuana Moth Athens Caddisfly EX EX '"' EX "" USA USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Dysnomia personate Triaenodes tridonata Round Combshell '" Order ODONATA Three-tooth Caddisfly EX '»' USA Family COENAGRIONIDAE EX USA Dysnomia propinqua Megalagrion jugonim Family RHYACOPHELroAE Tennessee Riffleshell Jugorum Megalagrion Damselfly EX '" EX '" Rhyacophila amabilis USA USA (Hawaiian Is) Castle Lake Caddisfly Dysnomia EX '" sampsoni Family LIBELLULmAE Wabash Riffleshell USA '" Sympetrum dilatatum EX EX '" USA Class St Helena ONYCHOPHORA Dysnomia stewardsoni Cumberland Leafshell '" Order ORTHOPTERA Order ONYCHOPHORA EX USA Family ACRIDIDAE Family PERIPATOPSIDAE Unio cariei Opisthopatus Conozoa hyalina roseus " EX '" EX Central Valley Grasshopper Reunion EX '« South Africa USA Peripatopsis clavigera EX '" Class GASTROPODA Family GRYLLfflAE South Africa Leptogryllus deceptor Peripatopsis leonina Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA Oahu Deceptor Bush Cricket '" '" EX Family LOTTIDAE EW South Africa USA (Hawaiian Is) Lottia alveus Family TETTIGONIIDAE Eelgrass Limpet Class BIVALVIA EX " Neduba extincta USA Antioch Dunes Shieldback Katydid Order UNIONOIDA Family EX '«' NACELLffiAE Family UNIONTOAE USA Collisella edmitchelli Dysnomia arcaeformis? EX » Order PHASMATOPTERA Sugarspoon USA EX " Family PHASMAXmAE USA Order BASOMMATOPHORA Dryococelus australis Dysnomia biemarginata Family PLANORBmAE Lord Howe Island Stick-insect Angled Riffleshell "" EX EX '" Miratesta celebensis Australia USA EX ^ Indonesia Dysnomia flexuosa Order PLECOPTERA Leafshell Family CHLOROPERLIDAE EX '" Order MESOGASTROPODA USA Alloperla roberti Family ASSIMINEroAE Dysnomia haysiana Robert's Stonefly Omphalotropis plicosa Acomshell EX '" EX '« USA EX '" USA Mauritius Family CYCLOPHORTOAE Order TRICHOPTERA Dysnomia lefevrei EX '" Cyclophorus horridulum Family HYDROPSYCHBDAE USA EX " Hydropsyche tobiasi Dysnomia lenior Mayotte Tobias' Caddisfly Narrow Catspaw Cyclosurus mariei EX '» EX '" EX " Germany USA Mayotte

187 Extinct and Extinct in tlie Wild

Family HYDROBimAE Family POMATIASmAE Achatinella valida EX '" Tropidophora desmazuresi Angrobia dulvertonensis " USA (Hawaiian Is) EX '" EX Mauritius (Rodrigues) Auriculella expanse Australia '" Tropidophora semilineata EX Beddomeia tumida EX " USA (Hawaiian Is) EX '» Mayotte Auriculella uniplicata Australia '" Family POMATIOPSroAE EX Belgrandiella intermedia USA (Hawaiian Is) EX " Tomicha cawstoni EX " Lamellidea monodonta Austria EX '" South Africa Bythinella intermedia Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) '" EX Lamellidea nakadai Order STYLOMMATOPHORA Austria EX '" Lithoglyphus umbilicata Family ACHATINELLIDAE Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Umbilicate Pebblesnail Achatinella abbreviata Newcombia philippiana EX '" EX '" EX '" USA USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Littoridina gaudichaudii Achatinella buddii Partulina crassa * '" EX EX EX '" Ecuador (Hawaiian Is) USA USA (Hawaiian Is) Achatinella caesia Ohridohauffenia drimica Partulina montagui '" EX '" EX EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) Yugoslavia USA (Hawaiian Is) casta Posticobia norfolkensis Achatinella '' Perdicella fulgurans EX '" EX EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) Norfolk Island USA (Hawaiian Is) Achatinella decora LITTORINIDIDAE Perdicella maniensis Family EX '" EX '" Littoraria flammea USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) EX * Achatinella dimorpha China EX '" Perdicella zebra '" USA (Hawaiian Is) EX Family NEOCYCLOTmAE USA (Hawaiian Is) Achatinella elegans Amphicyclotulus guadeloupensis EX '" Perdicella zebrina ^ '" EX USA (Hawaiian Is) EX USA (Hawaiian Is) Guadeloupe Achatinella juddii '" Incerticyclus cinereus EX Tornelasmias capricomi ^ "« EX USA (Hawaiian Is) EX Martinique Achatinella juncea Australia '" Incerticyclus martinicensis EX Family AMASTRIDAE EX ^ USA (Hawaiian Is) Amastra albolabris Martinique Achatinella lehuiensis EX '" EX '" Family PLEUROCERIDAE USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Amastra cornea Anculosa formanii Achatinella livida EX '" Interrupted Rocksnail EX '" '" USA (Hawaiian Is) EX USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Achatinella papyracea Amastra crassilabrum '" '" Elimia hartmanniana EX EX USA (Hawaiian Is) High-spired Elimia USA {Hawaiian Is) '" EX Achatinella spaldingi Amastra elongata USA EX '" EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) Leptoxis anthonyix USA (Hawaiian Is) Anthony's River Snail Achatinella thaanumi Amastra forbesi EX '" EX '" EX '" USA USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is)

188 Molluscs: snails

Amastra pellucida Carelia mirabilis Helenoconcha polyodon EX '" EX '" EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) St Helena Amastra porcus Carelia necra Helenoconcha pseustes EX '" EX '" EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) St Helena Amastra reticulata Carelia olivacea Helenoconcha sexdentata EX '" EX '" EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) St Helena Amastra subrostrata Carelia paradoxa Helenodiscus bilamellata EX '" EX '" EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) St Helena Amastra subsoror Carelia periscelis Helenodiscus vernoni EX '" EX '" EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) St Helena Amastra tenuispira Carelia pilsbryi Libera subcavemula EX '" EX '" EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Cook Islands Amastra umbilicata Carelia sinclairi Libera tumuloides EX '" EX '" EX " USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Cook Islands Carelia anceophila Carelia tenebrosa Mautodontha acuticosta EX "= EX '" EX '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) French Polynesia Carelia bicolor Carelia turricula Mautodontha consimilis EX '" EX '" EX '» USA (Hawaiian Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) French Polynesia Carelia cochlea Family ARIOPHANTIDAE Mautodontha consobrina EX '" EX '" Vitrinula chaunax USA (Hawaiian Is) French Polynesia EX '" Carelia cumingiana Mautodontha maupiensis Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) EX '" EX '" Vitrinula chichijimana USA (Hawaiian Is) French Polynesia EX '" Carelia dolei Mautodontha parvidens Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) EX '" EX "' Vitrinula hahajimana USA (Hawaiian Is) French Polynesia EX '" Carelia evelynae Mautodontha punctiperforata Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) EX '" EX '" Family USA (Hawaiian Is) CAMAENIDAE French Polynesia Carelia glossema Pleurodonte desidens Mautodontha saintjohni EX "= EX ^ EX "" USA (Hawaiian Is) Martinique French Polynesia Mautodontha subtilis Carelia hyattiana Family CERASTUIDAE " EX '" EX Rhachis comorensis USA (Hawaiian Is) French Polynesia EX '" Mautodontha unilamellata Carelia kalalauensis Mayotte EX '" EX "" Rhachis sanguineus Islands USA (Hawaiian Is) Cook EX '" Sinployea canalis Carelia knudseni Mauritius EX '" EX '" Family CHAROPIDAE Islands USA (Hawaiian Is) Cook

Carelia lirata Helenoconcha leptalea Sinployea decorticata EX '" EX '' EX '" Islands USA (Hawaiian Is) St Helena Cook Carelia lymani Helenoconcha minutissima Sinployea harveyensis EX '" EX '" EX '" Cook Islands USA (Hawaiian Is) St Helena

189 Extinct and Extinct in the Wild

Family ORTHALICmAE Sinployea otareae Colparion madgei '" " EX EX Leucocharis loyaltiensis Cook Islands Mauritius (Rodrigues) EX '" Sinployea planospira Ctenoglypta newtoni New Caledonia " EX '" EX Leucocharis porphyrocheila Cook Islands Mauritius EX '" Sinployea proxima Dupontia proletaria New Caledonia ™ '" EX EX Placostylus cuniculinsulae Cook Islands Mauritius, Reunion EX "» Sinployea rudis Pachystyla rufozonata Australia ™ '" EX EX Family PARTULmAE Cook Islands Mauritius Sinployea tenuicostata Family HELICARIONIDAE Partula affinis '" '" EX EX Advena campbelli French Polynesia Cook Islands EX '" Partula approximata Sinployea youngi Norfolk Island '" EX '" EX Diastole matafaoi French Polynesia Cook Islands EX '" Taipidon anceyana American Samoa Partula arguta "" EX '" EX Erepta nevilli French Polynesia EX '" French Polynesia Taipidon marquesana Mauritius Partula atilis '» '" EX Harmogenanina linophora EX French Polynesia EX ™ French Polynesia Taipidon octolamellata Mauritius, Reunion Partula attenuata "' '" EX Harmogenanina subdetecta EX French Polynesia EX '" French Polynesia Thaumatodon multilamellata Reunion Partula aurantia '" '" EX Nancibella quintalia EX Cook Islands EX '" French Polynesia Family DISCIDAE Norfolk Island Partula auriculata '" Discus guerinianus Panulena perrugosa EX EX '" EX '" French Polynesia Portugal (Madeira) Norfolk Island Partula bilineata '" Family ENDODONTIDAE Quintalia flosculus EX EX '" French Polynesia Hirasea planulata Norfolk Island EX '" Partula callifera stoddartii '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Quintalia EX EX '" French Polynesia Mautodontha zebrina EX '" Norfolk Island Partula Candida '" Cook Islands Family HELICIDAE EX French Polynesia Pseudocampylaea dianae Pseudocampylaea loweii EX '" EX '" Partula castanea "= St Helena Portugal (Madeira) EX French Polynesia Pseudocampylaea laetissima Family HYGROMimAE EX '" Partula cedista Trochoidea picardi Helena EX '" St EX " Pseudocampylaea persoluta French Polynesia Israel EX '" Partula citrina Family MEGALOBULIMIDAE St Helena EX '" Pseudocampylaea spurca Megalolulimus cardosoi French Polynesia '»» EX '" EX Partula compacta St Helena Brazil EX '" Family EUCONULIDAE Family OLEACINIDAE French Polynesia Caldwellia philyrina Oleacina guadeloupensis Partula crassilabris '" EX " EX ^'' EX Polynesia Mauritius Guadeloupe French

190 Molluscs: snails

Partula cuneata Partula microstoma Partula umbilicata EX '" EX '" EX '" French Polynesia French Polynesia French Polynesia Partula cytherea Partula mirabilis Partula variabilis EX '" EW "> EX '" French Polynesia French Polynesia French Polynesia Partula dentifera Partula mooreana Partula vittata EW « EW '" EX '" French Polynesia French Polynesia French Polynesia Partula dolichostoma Partula nodosa Family PUPILLmAE '" EX '" EX Gastrocopta chichijimana French Polynesia French Polynesia EX '" Partula dolorosa Partula planilabrum Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) '" EX '" EX Gastrocopta ogasawarana French Polynesia French Polynesia EX '" Partula eremita Partula producta Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) '" EX '" EX Leiostyla lamellosa French Polynesia French Polynesia EX '" Partula exigua Partula protea Portugal (Madeira) '" '" EX EX Lyropupa perlonga French Polynesia French Polynesia EX '- Partula protracta Partula faba USA (Hawaiian Is) " EX '" EW Nesopupa turtoni French Polynesia French Polynesia EX '" Partula radiata Partula formosa St Helena EX '" EX '" Pupilla obliquicosta French Polynesia French Polynesia EX '" Partula raiatensis Partula fusea St Helena EX '" EX '" Family STREPTAXmAE French Polynesia French Polynesia Gibbus lyonetianus Partula remota ™ Partula garretti '" EX '" EX EW Mauritius French Polynesia French Polynesia Gonidomus newtoni Partula robusta " Partula hebe EX '" EX '" Mauritius EW French Polynesia French Polynesia Gonospira nevilli Partula rustica " Partula imperforata EX '" EX '" Mauritius EX French Polynesia French Polynesia Gulella mayottensis Partula sagitta '" Partulajackieburchi EX '" EX '" Mayotte EX French Polynesia French Polynesia Gulella thomasetti Partula salifana EX '" Partula labrusca Mount Alifana Partula EW '" EX '" Seychelles French Polynesia Guam Family SUBULEVroAE Partula leptochila Partula thalia Chilonopsis blofeldi EX '" EX '" EX '" French Polynesia French Polynesia St Helena Partula levilineata Partula tohiveana Chilonopsis exulatus EX ' EW '" EX '" French Polynesia French Polynesia St Helena

Partula levistriala Partula tristis Chilonopsis helena EX '" EW '" EX '" French Polynesia French Polynesia St Helena Partula lutea Partula turgida Chilonopsis melanoides EX '" EX '" EX '" French Polynesia French Polynesia St Helena

191 Extinct and Extinct in the Wild

Chilonopsis nonpareil Chilonopsis turtoni Class TURBELLARIA EX •" EX " St Helena St Helena Order TRICLADIDA Chilonopsis subplicatus EX '" Family KENKIIDAE St Helena Family VERTIGINIDAE Romankenkius pedderensis Chilonopsis subtruncatus Campolaemus perexilis Lake Pedder Planarian '" " EX '" EX EX St Helena St Helena Australia

192 "

Lists

Data Deficient

" Class MAMMALIA Echymipera davidi " Pseudocheirus schlegeli David's Echymipera Arfak Ringtail Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA Papua New Guinea Indonesia " Pseudochirulus caroli " Family DIDELPHIDAE Echymipera echinista Menzies' Echymipera Weyland Ringtail "' Gracilinanus kalinowskii Papua New Guinea Indonesia Peru Microperoryctes murina " '^' Gracilinanus longicaudis Mouse Bandicoot Order XENARTHRA Colombia Indonesia Family MEGALONYCHIDAE '-' Gracilinanus perijae Microperoryctes papuensis " Choloepus didactylus " Colombia Papuan Bandicoot Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Marmosa canescens '-' Papua New Guinea Guyana, Peru, Surinarae, Venezuela Mexico Peroryctes broadbenti Choloepus hoffmanni " Marmosa tyleriana '^' Giant Bandicoot Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela Papua New Guinea Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, " Rhynchomeles prattorum Peru, Venezuela Order DASYUROMORPfflA Ceram Bandicoot Indonesia Family DASYPODIDAE Family DASYURIDAE Cabassous centralis " Antechinomys laniger " Order DIPROTODONTIA Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Kultarr Family PHALANGERIDAE El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Australia Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama Ailurops ursinus " Antechinus habbema " " Bear Phalanger Cabassous chacoensis Habbema Antechinus Indonesia Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay Indonesia, Papua New Guinea " Phalanger alexandrae " Dasypus sabanicola Antechinus naso " Gebe Cuscus Colombia, Venezuela Long-nosed Antechinus Indonesia Zaedyus pichiy " Indonesia, Papua New Guinea " Argentina, Chile " Spilocuscus papuensis Antechinus sp. Waigeo Cuscus Normanby Antechinus Indonesia Order INSECTTVORA Papua New Guinea Strigocuscus celebensis " Family SORICroAE Antechinus wilhelmina " Small Cuscus " Lesser Antechinus Crocidura armenica Indonesia Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Armenia " " Strigocuscus gymnotis * Murexia rothschildi Crocidura minuta Ground Cuscus Indonesia Broad-striped Dasyure Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Crocidura religosa * Phascolosorex doriae " Family MACROPODroAE Egyptian Pygmy Shrew Egypt Red-bellied Dasyure " Dendrolagus inustus " Indonesia Crocidura shantungensis Grizzled Tree-kangaroo China Sminthopsis fuliginosus " Indonesia, Papua New Guinea * Australia Dendrolagus spadix " Sorex excelsus China, Nepal? Sminthopsis leucopus " Lowland Tree-kangaroo * White-footed Dunnart Papua New Guinea Suncus malayanus Malaysia, Thailand Australia Dendrolagus ursinus " VogeUcopTree-kangaroo Order PERAMELEMORPfflA Indonesia Order CHIROPTERA

Family PERORYCTIDAE Family PSEUDGCHEnODAE Family PTEROPODIDAE " " Echymipera clara " Pseudocheirus canescens Pteropus argentatus Clara's Echymipera Lowland Ringtail Silvery Fruit Bat Indonesia Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Indonesia

193 " "" "

Data Deficient

" Pteropus mearnsi *- Myotis australis Family TARSimAE Australia Philippines Tarsius dianae '" Myotis fimbriatus " Indonesia Family RHINOLOPHIDAE China Tarsius pelengensis '" * Coelops hirsutus Myotis hermanni " Indonesia Philippines Indonesia? pumilus '" " Tarsius Hipposideros crumeniferus Myotis insularum '- Lesser Spectral Tarsier Indonesia American Samoa?, Western Samoa? Indonesia " Hipposideros doriae Myotis longipes '- Tarsius sangirensis '" Malaysia Afghanistan, India, Viet Nam? Indonesia Hipposideros lamottei '- Myotis oreias " Tarsius spectrum '" Guinea Singapore Spectral Tarsier Hipposideros pomona '- Myotis ozensis " Indonesia China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Japan Thailand Myotis schaubi '- Family CALLITRICHmAE Rhinolophus adami " Armenia (ex?), Hungary (ex), Iran? Congo Callithrix saterei '" aero '- Brazil Rhinolophus anderseni Pipistrellus Ethiopia?, Kenya Philippines - " Rhinolophus deckenii Pipistrellus endoi Family CEBIDAE Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Japan Aotus hershkovitzi '" Mozambique, Namibia, South " Pipistrellus lophurus Colombia Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Myanmar, Thailand olallae '" *- ' Callicebus Rhinolophus inops Pipistrellus minahassae Beni Titi Monkey Philippines Indonesia Bolivia mitratus '^ " Rhinolophus Pipistrellus peguensis India Myanmar Family Rhinolophus osgoodi CERCOPITHECmAE Pipistrellus permixtus " China '" Tanzania Cercopithecus dryas Rhinolophus subbadius " Dryas Monkey Pipistrellus societatis *- India, Myanmar, Nepal, Viet Nam Zaire Malaysia Macaco ochreata '" Scotomanes emarginatus " Family PHYLLOSTOMmAE Booted Macaque India? Anoura luismanueli Indonesia Scotophilus celebensis " Venezuela Presbytis fredericae '" Indonesia Artibeus incomitatus '- Javan Fuscous Leaf Monkey El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua Indonesia Family MOLOSSIDAE Presbytis frontata '" Family VESPERTILIONIDAE Myopterus daubentonii *- White-fronted Leaf Monkey '- Indonesia, Malaysia Chalinolobus kenyacola Cote d'lvoire, Senegal, Zaire Kenya Trachypithecus geei '" Eptesicus flavescens *^ Golden Langur Order Angola, Burundi PRIMATES Bhutan, India ' "" Eptesicus kobayashii Family GALAGONffiAE Trachypithecus laotum North Korea, South Korea Laos, Viet Nam Galagoides granti '" '" Eptesicus tatei Grant's Dwarf Galago Trachypithecus phayrei India?, Laos, India Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Bangladesh?, China, Kerivoula aerosa " Zimbabwe Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam South Africa? Galagoides orinus '" Kerivoula africana '- Amani Dwarf Galago Family HYLOBATIDAE Tanzania Tanzania Hylobates gabriellae '" Murinafusca*- Galagoides rondoensis "" Buff-cheeked Gibbon China Rondo Dwarf Galago Laos, Viet Nam " Murina tenebrosa Tanzania Hylobates hoolock "" Japan Galagoides udzungwensis '*' Hoolock Gibbon Myotis abei " Matundu Dwarf Galago Bangladesh, China, India, Laos?, Russia Tanzania Myanmar

194 " "" "

Mammals ^

"' " Hylobates leucogenys Prionailurus rubiginosus Cephalorhynchus heavisidii China, Laos, Viet Nam Rusty-spotted Cat Heaviside's Dolphin India, Sri Lanka Angola?, Namibia, South Africa [Atlantic (southeast)] Order CARNIVORA Family MUSTELmAE Feresa attenuata "' '" Family CANIDAE Mustela africana Pygmy Killer Whale Tropical Weasel [Atlantic (eastem central, southeast, Dusicyon microtis " Brazil, Colombia?, Ecuador, Peru southwest, westem central), Indian Small-eared Zorro Ocean (eastem, westem), Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Mediterranean and Black Sea, Venezuela Family PROCYONTOAE Pacific (eastem central, northwest, '" Dusicyon sechurae ^ Nasuella olivacea southeast, southwest, westem Sechuran Zorro Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela central)] Ecuador, Peru Grampus griseus " " Family URSIDAE Dusicyon vetulus Risso's Dolphin " Hoary Zorro Helarctos malayanus [Atlantic (eastem central, northeast, Brazil Sun Bear northwest, southeast, southwest, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Fennecus zerda " westem central), Indian Ocean Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Fennec Fox (eastem, westem). Pacific (eastem Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam central, northeast, northwest, Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, southeast, southwest, westem Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Saudi central)] Arabia?, Sudan, Tunisia? Family VIVERRIDAE '" Vulpes bengalensis " Genetta abyssinica Lagenodelphis hosei Bengal Fox Abyssinian Genet Fraser's Dolphin India, Nepal, Pakistan Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia [Atlantic (eastem central, southeast, '" southwest, westem central), Indian Vulpes cana " Genetta johnstoni Ocean (eastem, western). Pacific Blanford's Fox Johnston's Genet (eastem central, northwest, southeast, Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia westem central)] Jordan, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Mungos gambianus '" " Arabia, Turkmenistan, United Arab Gambian Mongoose Lagenorhynchus australis Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen? Cote d'lvoire, Gambia, Ghana, Peale's Dolphin Vulpes corsac " Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands Corsac Fox Leone, Togo [Atlantic (southwest). Pacific (southeast)] Afghanistan, China, India, Iran?, Osbornictis piscivora '" Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan?, Zaire Lagenorhynchus obscurus *' Pakistan?, Russia?, Turkmenistan?, Dusky Dolphin Uzbekistan? Order CETACEA Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands, Vulpes pallida ^ French Southem and Antarctic Family Pale Fox BALAENOPTERroAE Territories (Kerguelen Is), New Benin?, Burkina Faso?, Cameroon?, Balaenoptera edeni" Zealand (Auckland Is, Campbell Id), Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Mali, Bryde's Whale Peru, South Africa Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, [Atlantic (eastern central, northwest, [Atlantic (southeast, southwest). Sudan southeast, southwest, western Pacific (southeast, southwest)] ^ central), Indian Ocean (eastem, Vulpes rueppelli Lissodelphis peronii westem). Pacific (eastem central, Ruppell's Fox Southem Right Whale Dolphin northeast, southeast, southwest, Afghanistan, Algeria, Chad, Egypt, [Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast, westem central)] Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Libya, southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, eastem, westem). Pacific (Antarctic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia? Family DELPHINIDAE southeast, southwest)] Cephalorhynchus commersonii Orcaella brevirostris " Commerson's Dolphin Family FELffiAE Irrawaddy Dolphin Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands, Australia, Bangladesh, Bmnei?, Felisbieti" French Southem and Antarctic Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos?, Chinese Territories (Kerguelen Is) Desert Cat Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New China [Atlantic (southwest), Indian Ocean Guinea, Philippines?, Singapore?, (Antarctic), Pacific (southeast)] Pardofelis marmorata " Thailand, Viet Nam " Marbled Cat Cephalorhynchus eutropia [Indian Ocean (eastem). Pacific Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Black Dolphin (westem central)] Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Chile [R. Brahmaputra, R. Ganges, R. Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam [Pacific (southeast)] Irrawaddy]

195 " " "

Data Deficient

" Sotalia fluviatilis and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem Mesoplodon bowdoini" Tucuxi central, northeast, northwest, Andrews' Beaked Whale Bolivia?, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, southeast, southwest, western [Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, central)] (southwest)] Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Mesoplodon carlhubbsi" Tobago, Venezuela Hubbs' Beaked Whale (southwest, western [Atlantic Family MONODONTIDAE [Pacific (eastem central, northeast, central)] northwest)] " [R. Amazon] Monodon monoceros Mesoplodon densirostris "' Narwhal " Blainville's Beaked Whale Sousa chinensis Canada, Greenland, Iceland?, [Atlantic (eastem central, northeast, Indo-Pacific Hump-backed Dolphin Norway, Russia, USA northwest, southeast, southwest, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, [Arctic Sea, Atlantic (northeast, western central), Indian Ocean Brunei, Cambodia, China, Djibouti, northwest)] Egypt, Ethiopia, Hong Kong, India, (eastern, western), Mediterranean Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem Kuwait, Madagascar, Malaysia, central, northwest, southeast, Mozambique, Myanmar, Oman, Family PHOCOENIDAE southwest, western central)] Pakistan, Guinea, " Papua New *' Mesoplodon europaeus Australophocaena dioptrica Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Gervais' Beaked Whale Lanka, Spectacled Porpoise Somalia, South Africa, Sri [Atlantic (northwest, westem Thailand, Argentina, Australia, Chile, Falkland Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, central)] French Southern and United Arab Emirates, Viet Nam, Islands, *' Yemen Antarctic Territories (Kerguelen Is), Mesoplodon ginkgodens New Zealand (Auckland Is), Uruguay Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale [Atlantic (southeast), Indian Ocean [Atlantic (Antarctic, southwest), [Indian Ocean (eastem, westem). (eastern, western). Pacific (Antarctic, eastem). Pacific (eastem central, northwest, (northwest, southwest, western Indian Ocean Pacific (southeast, southwest)] southwest, westem central)] central)] " Neophocaena phocaenoides " Mesoplodon grayi Sousa teuszii Finless Porpoise Gray's Beaked Whale Atlantic Hump-backed Dolphin Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei?, [Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast, Angola?, Benin, Cameroon, Congo?, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong?, southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea?, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, eastem, westem). Pacific (southeast, Gabon?, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Myanmar, North southwest)] Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, •" Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Mesoplodon hectori Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore?, Togo, Zaire? Hector's Beaked Whale South Africa?, South Korea, Sri southwest), [Atlantic (eastern central, southeast)] [Atlantic (southeast, Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Indian Ocean (eastem). Pacific " StenelUi clymene Arab Emirates, Viet Nam (eastem central, southeast, Clymene Dolphin [Indian Ocean (eastem, western). southwest)] northwest, Pacific (northwest, western central)] [Atlantic (eastern central, Mesoplodon layardii southeast, southwest, western [freshwater Indo-Pacific] Strap-toothed Whale central)] " Phocoena spinipinnis [Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast, Stenella frontalis" Burmeister's Porpoise southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, eastem, westem). Pacific (southeast, Atlantic Spotted Dolphin Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, southwest)] [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Uruguay " northwest, southeast, southwest, [Atlantic (southwest). Pacific Mesoplodon minis western central)] (southeast)] True's Beaked Whale [Atlantic (northeast, northwest, Steno bredanensis " Family southeast, westem central), Indian Rough-toothed Dolphin PLATANISXroAE Ocean (eastern)] " [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Pontoporia blainvillei Mesoplodon pacificus " southeast, southwest, western La Plata River Dolphin Indo-Pacific Beaked Whale central), Indian Ocean (eastern, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay western), Australia, Somalia Mediterranean and Black [Atlantic (southwest)] Sea, Pacific (eastern central, [Indian Ocean (westem). Pacific [La Plata estuary and adjacent rivers] northeast, northwest, southeast, (westem central)] southwest, western central)] Mesoplodon peruvianas *' Lesser Beaked Whale TuTsiops truncatus *' Family ZIPfflmAE [Pacific (southeast)] Bottlenose Dolphin " [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Mesoplodon bidens Mesoplodon stejnegeri northwest, southeast, southwest, Sowerby's Beaked Whale Stejneger's Beaked Whale western central), Indian Ocean [Atlantic (eastem central, northeast, [Pacific (eastem central, northeast, (eastem, western), Mediterranean northwest)] northwest)]

196 "

Birds

Tasmacetus shepherdi Family MURffiAE Rhabdomys pumilio "' Shepherd's Beaked Whale Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Apodemus alpicola ' [Atlantic (southwest), Indian Ocean Mozambique, Namibia, South Alpine Mouse (eastern), Pacific (southeast, Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Austria, France, Italy, Switzerland southwest)] Zambia, Zimbabwe '" Ziphius cavirostris " Apodemus hyrcanicus Cuvier's Beaked Whale Russia Family DASYPROCTIDAE

[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, '^ " Arborimus albipes Dasyprocta cristata northwest, southeast, southwest, White-footed Vole Suriname western central), Indian Ocean USA " (eastern, western), Mediterranean Dasyprocta kalinowskii and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern Arborimus porno *^ Peru central, northeast, northwest, California Red Tree Mouse southeast, southwest, western USA Family ECHIMYIDAE central)] Batomys dentatus "" Echimys rhipidurus " Philippines Peru Order ARTIODACTYLA " Carpomys melanurus '^ Isothrix pictus Family CERVmAE Philippines Brazil " Mesomys didelphoides " Cervus mariannus '* Carpomys phaeurus Brazil Philippine Brown Deer Philippines " Guam [int], Japan [int] *- Mesomys obscurus Dicrostonyx exsul (Ogasawara-gunto), Northern Brazil St. Lawrence Id Collared Lemming Marianas [int], Philippines USA Elaphodus cephalophus " Dicrostonyx nunatakensis '- Tufted Deer Order LAGOMORPHA Ogilvie Mtns China, Myanmar Collared Lemming Canada Family OCHOTONIDAE Hippocamelus antisensis " '" Ochotona gaoligongensis '" North Andean Deer Lemniscomys hoogstraali Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador Sudan Gaoligong Pika China (ex?), Peru Lophuromys cinereus '" " muliensis '" Mazama chunyi Zaire Ochotona Chunyi Muli Pika Microtus abbreviatus '^ Bolivia, Peru China Vole " Insular Muntiacus feai USA Fea'sMuntjac Family LEPGRmAE '" China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Mus mattheyi Lepus fagani "" Viet Nam Ghana Ethiopian Hare Muntiacus gongshanensis " Oenomys hypoxanthus '" Ethiopia Gongshan Muntjac Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, China, India, Myanmar? Equatorial Guinea, Class AVES Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire Order RODENTIA Order TEVAMIFORMES Oryzomys melanotis " Family SCIURIDAE Mexico Family TINAMmAE '^ * Spermophilus townsendii Oryzomys spodiurus Tinamus osgoodi -' Townsend's Ground Squirrel Ecuador Black Tinamou USA Colombia, Peru Praomys jacksoni '" Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Family DIPODIDAE African Republic, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Order PROCELLARIIFORMES Salpingotus thomasi " Uganda, Zaire, Zambia Afghanistan? Family HYDROBAXroAE Praomys montis '" Sicista kazbegica '^' -' Kenya Oceanites gracilis Georgia, Russia White-vented Storm-petrel "' Sicista kluchorica "' Praomys peromyscus Chile, Ecuador Kenya Russia Oceanodroma hombyi ^' " Sicista pseudonapaea ' Rattus timorensis Ringed Storm-petrel Russia Malaysia Chile, Peru

197 "

Data Deficient

Oceanodroma markhami ^' Order STRIGIFORMES Order CORACIIFORMES Markham's Storm-petrel Family Family ALCEDINTOAE Peru TYTONIDAE -' -' Oceanodroma matsudairae ^' Tyto inexspectata Clytoceyx rex Shovel-billed Matsudaira's Storm-petrel Minahassa Masked-owl Kookaburra Japan Indonesia Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Tyto sororcula -' Tanysiptera hydrocharis " Masked-owl Little Paradise-kingfisher Order PELECANBFORMES Lesser Indonesia Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Family PHALACROCORACIDAE Family STRIGIDAE Order PASSERIFORMES

-' kenyoni -' Phalacrocorax Uroglaux dimorpha Family FGRMICARimAE Kenyon's Shag Papuan Hawk-owl Clytoctantes atrogularis -' USA Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Rondonia Bushbird Brazil Order FALCONIFORMES Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES Pithys castanea -' Family ACCIPITRIDAE Family PODARGIDAE White-masked Antbird -' Peru Erythrotriorchis buergersi Batrachostomus auritus -' Chestnut-shouldered Goshawk Large Frogmouth Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Family HIRUNDINIDAE

-' Spilornis kinabaluensis Thailand Progne sinaloae -' Mountain Serpent-eagle Batrachostomus harterti -' Sinaloa Martin Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Dulit Frogmouth Mexico Indonesia, Malaysia Order GALLIFORMES Batrachostomus mixtus " Family PYCNONOTIDAE

Bomean Frogmouth -' Family PHASIANffiAE Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii Indonesia, Malaysia Blue-wattled Bulbul -' Francolinus nahani Batrachostomus poliolophus -' Brunei, Indonesia Nahan's Francolin Short-tailed Frogmouth Uganda, Zaire Indonesia Family MUSCICAPmAE

Androphobus viridis -' Order GRUIFORMES Family CAPRIMULGIDAE Papuan Whipbird Family RALLIDAE Caprimutgus maculosus -' Indonesia, Papua New Guinea ^' -' Cayenne Nightjar Apalis kaboboensis Coturnicops notatus French Guiana Speckled Crake Kabobo Apalis -' Zaire Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Caprimulgus pulchellus Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, Salvadori's Nightjar Batis minima -' Venezuela Indonesia Gabon Batis Megacrex inepta ' Cameroon, Gabon " New Guinea Flightless Rail Order APODIFORMES Bradypterus grandis Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Dja River Warbler Family APODIDAE Rallina leucospila -' Cameroon, Gabon -' White-striped Forest-rail Apus sladeniae Cisticola restrictus -' Indonesia Fernando Po Swift Tana River Cisticola Angola, Cameroon, Equatorial Rallina mayri -' Kenya, Somalia? Guinea, Nigeria Mayr's Forest-rail Garrulax austeni ^' -' Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Collocalia orientalis Brown-capped Laughingthrush Mayr's Swiftlet India, Myanmar Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Order CUCULIFORMES Malurus campbelli -' Cypseloides storeri -' Campbell's Fairywren Family CUCULIDAE White-fronted Swift Papua New Guinea Mexico Cacomantis heinrichi Megalurulus grosvenori ^' Moluccan Cuckoo Bismarck Thicketbird Indonesia Family TROCHILroAE Papua New Guinea ' Chrysococcyx nifomerus Popelairia letitiae -' Megalurulus llaneae -' Green-cheeked Bronze-cuckoo Coppery Thomtail Bougainville Thicketbird Indonesia Bolivia'' Papua New Guinea

198 Reptiles 5*

Monarcha -' menckei Family FRINGILLmAE Hydrosaurus pustulatus '" White-breasted Monarch Carpodacus roborowskii^' Sail-fin Lizard Papua New Guinea Tibetan Rosefmch Philippines Muscicapa segregata -' China Sumba Brown Flycatcher Family Leucosticte sillemi -' ANGUffiAE Indonesia Sillem's Mountain-finch Celestus duquesneyi '" Petroica archboUi -' China Jamaica

Snow -' ^' Mountain Robin Loxia scotica Celestus fowleri Indonesia Scottish Crossbill Jamaica

-' Poecilodryas placens United Kingdom Celestus microblepharis '* Olive-yellow Robin Jamaica Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Family PLOCEroAE Family GEKKONIDAE Prinia fluviatilis ^' Ploceus victoriae -' "" River Prinia Entebbe Weaver Phyllodactylus melanostictus Cameroon, Chad, Mali, Niger, Uganda Scarce Ground Gecko Senegal Thailand '" Rhipidura matthiae -' Family ORIOLIDAE Phyllodactylus peringueyi Matthias Fantail Sphecotheres hypoleucus -' Peringueyi's Leaf-toed Gecko South Africa? Papua New Guinea Wetar Figbird Zoothera dumasi " Indonesia Family IGUANIDAE Moluccan Thrush Indonesia Family CRACTICIDAE Liolaemus constanzae '" Chile Cracticus louisiadensis ' Tagula Butcherbird Liolaemus cutis '" Family DICAEIDAE Papua New Guinea Chile Melanocharis arfakiana -' Liolaemus donosoi '" Obscure Berrypecker Family PARADISAETOAE Chile Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Loboparadisea sericea -' Liolaemus fuscus "" Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise Argentina, Chile Indonesia, Papua New Guinea '" Family ZOSTEROPmAE Liolaemus gravenhorsti Chile Zosterops meeki -' Class REPTILIA Liolaemus hellmichi "" White-throated White-eye Chile Papua New Guinea Order CROCODYLIA Liolaemus kuhlmanni '"' Family CROCODYLIDAE Chile

Family '*' MELIPHAGmAE Crocodylus cataphractus " Liolaemus lemniscatus Lichmera notabilis -' African Slender-snouted Crocodile Argentina, Chile Black-chested Honeyeater Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Liolaemus leopardinus '" Indonesia Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chile Chad, Congo, Cote d'lvoire. Meliphaga vicina " Liolaemus lorenzmuelleri '" Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia Tagula Honeyeater Chile (ex?), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau Papua New Guinea '" (ex?), Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Liolaemus lutzae Myzomela albigula ^' Nigeria, Senegal (ex?). Sierra Leone, Brazil White-chinned Myzomela Tanzania, Togo, Zaire, Zambia Liolaemus nitidus '" Papua New Guinea Crocodylus moreletii " Chile Myzomela kuehni -' Morelet's Crocodile Liolaemus paulinae '" Crimson-hooded Myzomela Belize, Guatemala, Mexico Chile " Indonesia Tomistoma schlegelii Liolaemus walkeri "" Philemon brassi ^' False Gharial Chile Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar?, Brass's Friarbird Liolaemus zapallarensis '" Thailand (ex?) Indonesia Chile

Philemon -' Pristidactylus "" fuscicapillus Order SAURIA alvaroi Dusky Friarbird Chile Indonesia Family AGAMIDAE Pristidactylus valeriae "" Philemon kisserensis -' Gonocephalus abbotti "" Chile Grey Friarbird Abbott's Crested Lizard Tropidurus tarapacensis ™ Indonesia Thailand Chile

199 "" '

Data Deficient

'*' '™ Family LACERXmAE Pareas iwasakii Kachuga sylhetensis " Iwasaki's Snail-eater Assam Roofed Turtle Lacerta alpina Japan (Nansei-shoto) Bangladesh, India Georgia, Russia '" Philodryas chamissonis '" Mauremys iversoni Fujian Pond Turtle Family SCINCroAE Chile Thamnophis hammondi " China Barkudia insularis "' Two-striped Garter Snake Melanochelys trijuga "' Legless Skink Mexico, USA Indian Black Turtle India '*' Bangladesh, British Indian Ocean '" Xenocalamus transvaalensis Isopachys gyldenstolpei Territory, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Transvaal Quillsnout Snake Gyldenstolpe's Worm Skink Sri Lanka Mozambique, South Africa Nepal, Thailand Notochelys platynota '" haroldyoungi '" Lygosoma Family ELAPffiAE Malayan Flat-shelled Turtle Banded Supple Skink Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Naja oxiana '" Thailand Myanmar?, Thailand, Viet Nam "' Central Asian Cobra Lygosoma koratense '" Afghanistan, India, Iran, Ocadia glyphistoma Korat Supple Skink Kyrgyzstan?, Pakistan, Tajikistan, China Thailand Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Ocadia philippeni "' gracilicorpus " Oligosoma Philippen's Striped Turtle Narrow-bodied Skink Family VIPERffiAE China Zealand New "' Trimeresurus cornutus Sacalia pseudocellata Phoboscincus bocourti Viet Nam Chinese False-eyed Turtle New Caledonia China Tribolonotus ponceleti Order TESTUDINES Terrapene nelsoni "' Solomon Islands Spotted Box Turtle Family CHELmAE Mexico Family TEIIDAE Chelodina reimanni "" '" Callopistes maculatus Reimann's Snake-necked Turtle Family PELOMEDUSIDAE Chile Indonesia, Papua New Guinea '" '" "' Pelusios upembae Cnemidophorus hyperythrus Elseya sp. 2 Upemba Mud Turtle Orange-throated Whiptail Manning River Snapping Turtle Zaire Mexico, USA Australia "' Elseya sp. 3 Order SERPENTES Bellinger River Snapping Turtle Family PLATYSTERNIDAE Family ANILIIDAE Australia Platysternon megacephalum '™ "" Big-headed Turtle Anomochilus leonardi Family EMYDIDAE China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Leonard's Pipe Snake '" Viet Nam Malaysia Chinemys nigricans Red-necked Pond Turtle Family COLUBRmAE China, Viet Nam? Family TESTUDINIDAE "^ aurocapitata '" Calamaria pfefferi Cuora Kinixys erosa '" Turtle Pfeffer's Reed Snake Yellow-headed Box Sertated Hinge-back Tortoise Japan China Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central "' Elachistodon westermanni "" Cuora mccordi African Republic, Congo, Cote Guinea, Gabon, Indian Egg-eating Snake McCord's Box Turtle d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Bangladesh, India, Nepal China Gambia, Ghana, Rwanda?, Sierra Leone, " Cuora pani '" Nigeria, Elaphe situla Togo?, Uganda, Zaire Leopard Snake Pan's Box Turtle Kinixys ''"' Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, China homeana Home's Hinge-back Tortoise Malta, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Cuora yunnanensis '™ Benin?, Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire. Oligodon nikhili '" Yunnan Box Turtle Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, India China Liberia, Nigeria, Togo? "' Opisthotropis spenceri '" Cuora zhoui Smith's Mountain Keelback Zhou's Box Turtle Thailand China Family TRIONYCHmAE '" Parahelicops boonsongi "" Geoemyda yuwonoi '™ Lissemys scutala Boonsong's Keelback Sulawesi Forest Turtle Burmese Flapshell Turtle Thailand Indonesia Myanmar

200 Amphibians ^C

Class AMPfflBIA Telmatobius zapahuirensis ' Family PLETHODONTIDAE Chile Plethodon larselli " '" Order ANURA Telmatobufo australis Larch Mountain Salamander Chile USA '" Family BUTONroAE Telmatobufo buUocki Typhlotriton spelaeus " Bufo atacamensis '" Chile Grotto Salamander Chile Telmatobufo venustus '" USA Chile Bufo chilensis '" Chile Family SALAMANDRIDAE Family MICROHYLIDAE Neurergus crocatus " Turkey Family HYLIDAE Hyophryne histrio "" Brazil Neurergus strauchi " Hyla albolineata '" Turkey Brazil Family MYOBATRACHmAE Triturus dobrogicus " Hyla izecksohni '" '" Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Brazil Uperoleia orientalis Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Alexandra Toadlet '" Romania, Russia?, Ukraine?, Hyla langei Australia Brazil Yugoslavia

Hyla secedens '" Family RANIDAE Brazil Class Cacosternum poyntoni '" Phrynomedusa fimbriata '*^ Poynton's Caco CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI Brazil South Africa Order Rana aenea '" PETROMYZONTIFORMES Family LEPTODACTYLroAE Doichang Frog Alsodes barrioi '" Thailand Family PETRGMYZONTmAE Chile Rana fasciculispina "' Eudontomyzon mariae '" Alsodes montanus '" Spiny-breasted Giant Frog Ukranian Brook Lamprey Chile Thailand Austria, Belarus?, Bulgaria, Czech '" Republic, Georgia?, Hungary, '" Rana kohchangae Alsodes nodosus Moldova?, Kohchang Frog Poland, Romania, Russia, Chile Slovakia, Turkey?, Ukraine, Thailand Alsodes tumultuosos "" Yugoslavia Rana pyrenaica " Chile Lampetra macrostoma '" Spain "" Lake Lamprey Alsodes vanzolinii '" Rana tasanae Canada Chile Smith's Wrinkled Frog Mordacia lapicida '" Caudiverbera caudiverbera '" Thailand Chile Chile

Eleutherodactylus eneidae '" Family RHINODERMATIDAE Class Puerto Rico ELASMOBRANCHII Rhinoderma danvinii "" "" Eleutherodactylus jasperi Darwin's Toad Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES Golden Coqui Frog Chile Family RHINCODONnDAE Puerto Rico Rhinoderma rufum '" "' Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus ' Chile Rhincodon typus Haiti Whale Shark [Atlantic (eastern central, southeast, '" Order CAUDATA Eupsophus insularis southwest, western central), Indian Chile Family CRYPTOBRANCHroAE Ocean (eastern, western). Pacific '" (eastern central, northwest, southeast, Leptodactylus marambaiae Andrias davidianus "" southwest, western central)] Brazil Chinese Giant Salamander Telmatobius halli '" China, Taiwan [int] Chile Order RAJIFORMES

Telmatobius pefauri '" Family HYNOBiroAE Family RAJffiAE Chile " Hynobius stejnegeri "" Bathyraja abyssicola Telmatobius peruvianus '" Amber-coloured Salamander Deepsea Skate Chile Japan [Pacific (northeast, northwest)]

201 Data Deficient

'" Class ACTINOPTERYGII Acanthorutilus meandricus Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Turkey Russia, Slovakia?, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Order OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES Alburnus heckeli '" '" Turkey Gobio kessleri Family OSTEOGLOSSIDAE Kessler's Gudgeon Aspius aspius "" Arapaima gigas '" Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Asp Pirarucu Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Afghanistan, Armenia, Austria, Brazil, Guyana, Peru Poland?, Romania, Slovakia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, '" Order CLUPEIFORMES Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Gobio uranoscopus Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Danube Gudgeon Family CLUPEffiAE Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Alosa alosa "" Macedonia?, Moldova, Poland, Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy?, Allis Shad Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia?, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Algeria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Germany, Ireland, Italy?, Morocco, Ukraine, Uzbekistan?, Yugoslavia [R. Danube] Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Barbus albanicus '" Hemitremia flammea''^ Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Albania?, Greece Flame Chub Switzerland (ex). United Kingdom USA Barbus cyclolepis '" "" "" Alosa fallax Armenia?, Azerbaijan?, Georgia?, Leucaspius irideus Twaite Shad Greece, Iran?, Russia?, Turkey?, Turkey Albania, Algeria, Belgium, Croatia, Ukraine? Leuciscus borysthenicus '" Cyprus?, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, "" Black Sea Chub France, Germany, Gibraltar?, Barbus graceus Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece?, Greece, Ireland, Israel?, Italy, Latvia, Albania, Greece Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Lebanon?, Lithuania, Malta?, Barbus peloponnesius "" Ukraine Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Albania?, Greece, Macedonia? Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Leuciscus cephaloides "" Capoeta antalyensis '"' Sweden, Switzerland, Syria?, Turkey Turkey Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, Notropis hubbsi " Yugoslavia Chalcalburnus chalcoides '" Bluehead Shiner Alosa maeotica '" Danube Bleak USA Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova?, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Notropis jemezanus " Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia Rio Grande Shiner Alosa pontica '"' [R. Danube] Mexico, USA Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, " '" Notropis oxyrhynchus Georgia, Hungary, Iran?, Chalcalburnus tarichi Sharpnose Shiner Moldova, Turkey Kazakhstan?, Romania, USA Russia, Slovenia?, Turkey, [L. Van] Yugoslavia Notropis semperasper " Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Chondrostoma kneri '"

' Roughhead Shiner Clupeoides papuensis Dalmation Nase USA Toothed River Herring Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Croatia Notropis welaka " Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Chondrostoma phoxinus "" Bluenose Shiner Clupeonella abrau '" Minnow-Nase USA Russia, Turkey Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Croatia "' "" Pachychilon macedonicus Clupeonella cultriventris Cyprinus carpio "' Greece Azerbaijan?, Bulgaria, Georgia, Wild Common Carp '" Iran?, Kazakhstan?, Moldova, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Paraphoxinus adspersus Romania, Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Mongolia?, Romania, Croatia Turkmenistan?, Ukraine Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Paraphoxinus epiroticus '"' Turkmenistan?, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Albania, Greece, Macedonia Yugoslavia Family ENGRAULmAE Paraphoxinus minutus "" '" Thryssa scratchleyi '" Danio aequipinnulus Albania Sri Lanka Freshwater Anchovy Paraphoxinus pstrossi "" '" Australia Garra phillipsi Albania, Croatia Philipps' Garra [R. Trebisnjica] Sri Lanka Order CYPRINIFORMES Pelecus cultratus '" Gobio albipinnatus '"' Ziege Family CYPRINIDAE White-finned Gudgeon Austria, Azerbaijan?, Bulgaria, "" Aaptosyax grypus Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Laos, Thailand Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic?, Estonia, Finland, Georgia?,

202 Fishes: bony fishes

Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Cobitis megaspila '" Cheirodon australe '" Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Bulgaria?, Moldova?, Romania Chile Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, "" "' Cobitis romanica Cheirodon galusdae Ukraine, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Romanian Loach Chile Yugoslavia Bulgaria?, Romania Cheirodon kiliani '" '" Phoxinellus crassus "" Cobitis stephanidisi Chile Turkey Greece Cheirodon pisciculus '"' "" percnurus '" Phoxinus Cobitis strumicae Chile Minnow Swamp Greece Stygichthys typhlops '*' Belarus, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Cobitis trichonica '" Brazil Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine Greece "" Probarbus labeamajor '" Order Cobitis vardarensis SILURIFORMES Cambodia, Laos, Thailand Greece Family DIPLOMYSTIDAE labeaminor '"' Probarbus '"' Leptobotia curta '" Laos, Thailand Diplomystes camposensis Ayumodoki '"' Chile Pseudophoxinus irideus China, Japan Turkey Diplomystes nahuelbutensis '*' Sabanjewia aurata '" '*' Chile Puntius cataractae Goldside Loach Philippines Albania, Armenia, Austria, Family ICTALURTOAE [L. Lanao] Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, " '" Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Ictalurus australis Rutilus frisii Greece, Hungary, Iran, Moldova, Eagre del Panuco Black Sea Roach Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Mexico Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia " Georgia, Iran?, Kazakhstan?, Ictalurus lupus Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Bagre Lobo Ukraine Family BALITORIDAE Mexico, USA " Rutilus pigus '"' Barbatula brandti "" Noturus furiosus Danube Roach Georgia, Turkey Carolina Madtom Bulgaria, Czech Republic, USA Austria, Barbatula bureschi "" Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Greece, Turkey Slovenia, Ukraine? Family BAGRmAE "" Danube] Barbatula pulsiz "" [R. Austroglanis sclateri Turkey Rutilus ylikiensis "" Rock-catfish '" Greece Indoreonectes evezardi South Africa India '*' Scardinius racovitzai "" Pardiglanis tarabinii Nemacheilus angorae "" Turkey Giant Catfish Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, " Somalia Semotilus lumbee Turkey [R. Jubba] Sandhills Chub "" USA Nemacheilus lendi Turkey Family SELURTOAE '" Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus "" Troglocobitis starostini '" Greece Siluris aristotelis Turkmenistan Aristotle's Catfish '*' Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus '" Turcinemacheilus kosswigi Greece Greece Turkey Silurus furness "" "" Tylognathus klatti Malaysia Turkey Family CATOSTOMIDAE Family PANGASITOAE Moxostoma congestum '" Family COBITIDAE Gray Redhorse Pangasius sanitwongsei '"' Mexico, USA Pla Thepa Cobitis elongata '" " Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam Balkan Loach Scartomyzon ariomus Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bigeye Jumprock Family ARIIDAE Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, USA Romania, Slovenia, Turkey, Ancharius brevibarbus '" Yugoslavia Order CHARACITORMES Vaona Cobitis hellenica "" Madagascar Greece Family CHARACIDAE Ancharius fuscus "" '" Cobitis marrocatia "" Catabasis acuminatus Vaona Morocco Brazil Madagascar

203 Data Deficient

'" Alius taylori ' Neochanna diversus Order OPHIDIIFORMES Taylor's Catfish Black Mudfish Family BYTHITmAE Indonesia, Papua New Guinea New Zealand "' Ogilbia galapagosensis '" Cinetodus froggatti Family Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Froggatt's Catfish SALMONmAE Australia Coregonus albula '" Tetranesodon conorhynchus ' Vendace Order ATHEREVIFORMES Lorentz Catfish Belarus?, Czech Republic [int], Family ATHERINroAE Indonesia Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France [int], Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Atherina boyeri "" Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Family PIMELODIDAE Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus?, Slovakia [int], Sweden, United Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Caecorhamdella brasilensis "" Kingdom Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Brazil Coregonus baunti "" Slovenia?, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, '" Pimelodella kronei Russia Turkey, Yugoslavia Brazil Coregonus lavaretus '" Austromenidia gracilis '" Austria, Belarus?, Czech Republic, Chile Family TRICHOMYCTERIDAE Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Basilichthys microlepidotus "' "" Latvia, Lithuania, Bullockia maldonadoi Germany, Chile Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Chile "* Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Bedotia geayi Eremophilus mutisii '" United Kingdom Zona Colombia "" Madagascar '" Coregonus nasus Nematogenys inermis "* Large Bottom Whitefish Bedotia longianalis Chile Austria, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Zona '" Phreatobius cistematum Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Madagascar Brazil Poland, Russia, Sweden, Bedotia madagascariensis '™ Trichomycterus areolatus '"' Switzerland, USA Zona Chile Coregonus oxyrinchus '" Madagascar '" Trichomycterus chaberti Houting Chilatherina bulolo '" Bolivia Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Bulolo Rainbowfish Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Trichomycterus chiUoni "" Papua New Guinea Luxembourg?, Netherlands, Norway, Chile *' Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Chirostoma regani Kingdom Charal del Valle de Mexico Order SALMONIFORMES Mexico Coregonus peled '" "' Family OSMERTOAE Northern Whitefish Craterocephalus marianae Finland, Russia, Sweden Magela Hardyhead Osmerus eperlanus '" '" Australia Smelt Coregonus pidschian ' Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Bottom Whitefish Craterocephalus pimatuae France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Canada, Finland, Russia, Sweden, Pima Hardyhead Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, USA Papua New Guinea Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Coregonus trybomi '"' Glossolepis pseudoincisus ' United Kingdom Finland, Sweden Tami River Rainbowfish " Osmerus spectrum Oncorhynchus iwame "" Indonesia, Papua New Guinea "" Pygmy Smelt Iwame Trout Glossolepis ramuensis Canada, USA Japan Ramu Rainbowfish Salmo dentex '" Papua New Guinea Family GALAXITOAE Croatia, Yugoslavia Melanotaenia ajamaruensis ' '" Aplochiton marinus Salmo marmoratus "" Ajamaru Lakes Rainbowfish Chile Indonesia Albania, Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, '" Brachygalaxias bullocki Yugoslavia Melanotaenia angfa ' Chile Salmo montenegrinus '" Yakati Rainbowfish Brachygalaxias gothei '" Albania, Yugoslavia Indonesia Chile Salvelinus anaktuvukensis '' Melanotaenia corona ' Galaxias globiceps '" Angayukaksurak Char Corona Rainbowfish Chile USA Indonesia '" Galaxias parvus "' Stenodus leucichthys "" Melanotaenia exquisita Swamp Galaxias Azerbaijan, Canada, Kazakhstan, Exquisite Rainbowfish Australia Russia, Turkmenistan, USA Australia

204 ™

Fishes: bony fishes

Melanotaenia herbertaxelrodi ' Orestias cuvieri '" Hippocampus breviceps '™ Lake Tebera Rainbowfish Bolivia, Peru Short-headed Seahorse Papua New Guinea [L. Titicaca] Australia Melanotaenia monticola '" Orestias parinacotensis "" [Indian Ocean (eastern), Pacific Mountain Rainbowfish Chile (southwest)] Papua New Guinea [R. Lauca] Hippocampus minotaur ™ Melanotaenia ogilbyi "" Australia Ogilby's Rainbowfish Family POECILIIDAE [Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific (southwest)] Indonesia Gambusia aestiputeus '" ' Melanotaenia pimanensis "" Colombia (San Andres Id) Microphis caudocarinatus Slender Pipefish Pima River Rainbowfish Gambusia speciosa " Papua New Guinea USA Indonesia ' ' Melanotaenia praecox Poecilia vetiprovidentiae "" Microphis spinachoides Dwarf Rainbowfish Colombia (Isla de Providencia) Spinach Pipefish Indonesia Papua New Guinea Poeciliopsis monacha " Melanotaenia sexlineata ' Mexico Phycodorus eques River Rainbowfish Leafy Seadragon Fly Xiphophorus clemenciae " Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Australia Espada de Clemencia '" [Indian Ocean (eastern)] Melanotaenia vanheurni Mexico Van Heum's Rainbowfish Phyllopteryx taeniolatus ™ Indonesia Order BELONIFORMES Weedy Seadragon Poblana ferdebueni *' Australia Mexico Family HEMIRAMPHIDAE [Indian Ocean (eastern), Pacific

'"' (southwest)] ' Nomoramphus celebensis Pseudomugil paskai ™ Paska's Blue-Eye Poso Halfbeak Sygnathoides biaculeatus Indonesia, Papua New Guinea Indonesia Double-ended Pipefish [L. Poso] [Indian Ocean (eastern, westem). Rheocles lateralis "* ' Pacific (northwest, southwest, Zona Zenarchopterus alleni western central)] Madagascar Allen's River Garfish '" [R. Nosivolo] Indonesia Syngnathus abaster Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, Rheocles pellegrini ™ Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Zona Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Madagascar Family PEGASLDAE Saudi Arabia, Slovenia?, Spain, Teramulus kieneri "* Sudan?, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Eurypegasus draconis "* Yugoslavia Vily Madagascar Madagascar '" [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Syngnathus nigrolineatus Pacific (northwest, western central)] Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Eurypegasus papilio ™ Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, USA (Hawaiian Is) Family APLOCHEILIDAE Ukraine [Pacific (eastern central)] Rivulus robustus " Pegasus lancifer '™ Rivulus Almirante Australia Mexico Order SYNBRANCHIFORMES [Indian Ocean (eastern)] Pegasus volitans "' Family SYNBRANCHIDAE Family CYPRBVODONTIDAE [Indian Ocean (eastern, western). Monopterus indicus '*' '" Aphanius fasciatus Pacific (northwest, southwest, India South European Toothcarp western central)] Ophisternon candidum "' Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, Blind Cave Eel Egypt, France, Germany, Israel, Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Australia Italy, Lebanon, Libya?, Malta?, '" Morocco, Slovenia, Syria, Tunisia, Family SYNGNATHIDAE Typhlosynbranchus boueti Turkey, Yugoslavia Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus '™ Liberia Aphanius iberus "" Banded Pipefish Spanish Toothcarp [Indian Ocean (eastern, westem). Algeria, Morocco?, Spain, Tunisia? Pacific (northwest, westem central)] Family MASTACEMBELmAE

"" '"' Kosswigichthys asquamatus "" Hippocampus bargibanti Macrognathus aral Scaleless Killifish Australia, New Caledonia Spiny Eel Turkey [Pacific (westem central)] India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka (ex)

205 '

Data Deficient

"' Order SCORPAENIFORMES Scortum hilli Oxyeleotris wisselensis Leathery Grunter Paniai Gudgeon Family COTTIDAE Australia Indonesia

" '™ Cottus princeps Scortum parviceps Klamath Lake Sculpin Small-Headed Grunter Family GGBimAE USA Australia Awaous stamineus " " Cottus tenuis Oopu Nakea Slender Sculpin Family CENTRARCHIDAE USA " '" USA Micropterus treculi Bathygobius burtoni Guadalupe Bass Sao Tome & Principe Order PERCIFORMES USA [Atlantic (eastern centnral)] Benthophiloides braunei "" Family AMBASSIDAE Family PERCIDAE Bulgaria, Romania, Russia?, Ukraine '" Ambassis agassizi ' Etheostoma mariae " Glossogobius hoesei Agassiz's Perchlet Pinewoods Darter Hoese's Goby Australia USA Indonesia ' Parambassis altipinnis '" ' Gymnocephalus acerina Gobius tigrellus High-Finned Glass Perchlet Belarus?, Hungary?, Moldova, Tiger Goby Indonesia Poland?, Russia, Slovakia?, Ukraine Indonesia caudovittatus ' Tetracentrum Gymnocephalus baloni '" Knipowitschia goerneri "' Glass Perchlet Kokoda Balon's Ruffe Greece Papua New Guinea Austria, Bulgaria?, Czech Republic, Knipowitschia milleri '" Hungary, Moldova?, Germany, Greece Family PERCICHTHYIDAE Romania, Slovakia, Yugoslavia '"' [R. Danube] Knipowitschia panizzai Macquaria australasica '" Albania, Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia Macquarie Perch Perca schrenki "" concolor " Australia Balkhash Perch Lentipes "" China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan? Oopu Alamoo Nannatherina balstoni USA (Hawaiian Is) Balston's Pygmy Perch Stizostedion marinum "" Luciogobius albus '" Australia Azerbaijan, Bulgaria?, Iran, Kazakhstan?, Moldova?, Romania?, Japan Percichthys melanops '" Russia?, Turkmenistan, Ukraine pallidus '"' Chile Luciogobius '" Japan "" Stizostedion volgensis Percilia gillissi Volga Zander batrachocephalus '" Chile Mesogobius Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, "" Percilia irwini Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Turkey, Ukraine Chile Moldova, Romania, Russia, "" Neogobius fluviatilis Slovakia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova, Family SERRANIDAE Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Epinephelus exsul " Family BLENNIIDAE Yugoslavia Ten-spine Grouper "" Entomacrodus cadenati '" Neogobius gymnotrachelus [Pacific (eastern central)] Sao Tome & Principe Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, " Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Mycteroperca rubra [Atlantic (eastern central)] Comb Grouper Neogobius kessleri "" [Atlantic (eastern central), Family ELEOTRIDAE Kessler's Goby Mediterranean and Black Sea] Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, "" Bostrichthys aruensis Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Island Gudgeon Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Family TERAPONTIDAE Indonesia Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Serbia) Hannia greenwayi '" Bostrichthys zonatus ' Neogobius melanostomus "" Greenway's Grunter Barred Gudgeon Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova?, Australia Indonesia Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine " '" Hephaestus obtusifrons "" Eleotris sandwicensis Neogobius syrman Striped Grunter Oopu Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea USA Russia, Ukraine "" Hephaestus trimaculatus ' Milyeringa Veritas '" Pomatoschistus canestrini Threespot Grunter Blind Gudgeon Canestrini's Goby Papua New Guinea Australia Albania?, Croatia, Italy, Yugoslavia?

206 Crustaceans ^f^~^

Schismatogobius deraniyagalai '" Torguigener brevipinnis '" Hemidiaptomus kummerloewei '" Redneck Goby [Pacific (western central)] Turkey India, Sri Lanka [Pool near L. Ilgaz]

Sicyopterus halei "' Class ARACHNIDA Idiodiaptomus gracilipes '*' Red-tailed Goby Brazil Order ARANEAE Sri Lanka [Pool at Itapura] '" Sicyopus jonklaasi '" Family CTENIZIDAE Mastigodiaptomus amatitlanensis Guatemala Lipstick Goby Cyclocosmia torreya "" [L. Amatitlan] Sri Lanka Torreya Trap-door Spider USA Mastigodiaptomus montezumae '" Zosterisessor opiocephalus '" Mexico Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, Family GNAPHOSmAE '" France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Neutrodiaptomus formosus Morocco, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, Cesonia irvingi '"' Japan Ukraine, Yugoslavia Key Gnaphosid Spider Odontodiaptomus thomseni "" Bahamas, USA Uruguay [Pool near L. Chau] Family GRADUNGULIDAE Onychodiaptomus louisianensis '" Family XIPHimAE Spelungula cavemicola '*' USA Nelson Cave Spider Xiphiasgladius(C)'" Skistodiaptomus bogalusensis '" New Zealand Swordfish USA [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, "" Family HEXATHELmAE Skistodiaptomus sinuatus northwest, western central), USA Mediterranean and Black Sea, "" Macrothele cretica '" Pacific (eastern central, northwest, Greece Spelaeodiaptomus rouchi southeast, southwest, western France central)] Family LEPTONETEDAE Tropodiaptomus falcatus '" Kenya Neoleptoneta myopica '" Family SCOMBRIDAE Tooth Cave Spider Tropodiaptomus madagascariensis 143 '" USA Thunnus alalunga (C) Madagascar Albacore Tuna Family LYCOSmAE palustris '" (Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Tropodiaptomus northwest, southeast, southwest, Lycosa ericeticola '*' Burundi, Zaire western central), Mediterranean and Rosemary Wolf Spider Tropodiaptomus purpureus '" Black Sea, Pacific (eastern central, USA Burundi northeast, northwest, western Tropodiaptomus worthingtoni "' central)] Order PSEUDOSCORPIONroA Uganda, Zaire '" Thunnus thynnus (C) Family PflEOBISiroAE Northern Bluefin Tuna "" Family TEMORroAE [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Tartarocreagris texana northwest, southwest, western Tooth Cave Pseudoscorpion Epischura massachusettsensis '" central), Mediterranean and Black USA USA Sea, Pacific (eastern central, northwest)] Class CRUSTACEA Order DECAPODA Order ANOSTRACA Family COENOBITroAE

Family STREPTOCEPHALIDAE Birgus latro '^ Order " TETRAODONTIFORMES Streptocephalus kargesi Coconut Crab Mexico American Samoa, Australia, British Family TETRAODONTmAE Indian Ocean Territory, Christmas Lagocephalus gloveri '" Order CALANOIDA Island, Cook Islands, Federated Fiji, French [Pacific (western central)] States of Micronesia, Family DIAPTOMroAE Polynesia, Guam, India (Andaman & '" Takifugu niphobles Nicobar Is), Indonesia, Japan Argyrodiaptomus neglectus '" [Pacific (northwest)] (Nansei-shoto, Ogasawara-gunto), Brazil '" Kiribati, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Takifugu poecilonotus rostripes '" Diaptomus Mauritius (ex), Nauru, New [Pacific (northwest)] Germany Caledonia, Nine, Northern "" Takifugu xanthopterus '" Eudiaptomus chappuisi Marianas, Palau, Papua New Guinea, [Pacific (northwest)] Morocco Philippines, Seychelles, Solomon

207 Data Deficient

" Islands, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Parides coelus Guiana Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Family LASIOCAMProAE French Western Samoa Parides hahneli " Eriogaster catax '" Hahnel's Amazonian Swallowtail Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Brazil Family PARASTACmAE Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, ^ " Astacoides betsileoensis Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Parides klagesi Orambanonga Yugoslavia Venezuela Madagascar Parides pizarro "

'* Brazil, Peru Astacoides caldwelli Family LYCAENIDAE " " Madagascar Poecilmitis pan Parides steinbachi " Bolivia Astacoides granulimanus South Africa " Orambato Teinopalpus aureus Madagascar Family NYMPHALmAE Golden Kaiser-I-Hind " China, Viet Nam? Astacoides madagascariensis Hypodryas maturna '" Madagascar Freshwater Crayfish Scarce Fritillary Family SATURNIffiAE Madagascar Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic?, " Germany, Greece, Hungary, Graellsia isabelae '" Cherax nucifraga France, Kazakhstan?, Lithuania, Spanish Moth Australia Moon Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, France, Spain ^ Cherax parvus Russia, Sweden, Yugoslavia Australia Tirumala alba "" Family SPHINGmAE China Hyles hippophaes '" Order HARPACTICOIDA Afghanistan?, Armenia?, Family PAPILIONIDAE Azerbaijan?, China, France, Family CANTHOCAMPTIDAE " Georgia?, Germany, Greece, Iran, '" Atrophaneura palu Thermomesochra reducta Iraq?, Kazakhstan?, Kyrgyzstan?, Indonesia Malaysia Mongolia, Pakistan?, Romania, " Bhutanitis mansfieldi Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Mansfield's Three-tailed Swallowtail Tajikistan?, Turkey, Turkmenistan?, Order ISOPODA China Uzbekistan?, Yugoslavia " Family ARMADILLIDAE Graphium aurivilliusi Proserpinus proserpina '" "" Zaire Willowherb Hawkmoth Echinodillo cavaticus " Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?, Australia Luehdorfia chinensis Chinese Luehdorfia Belgium, Bulgaria, France, China Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Order THORACICA Iraq?, Italy, Kazakhstan?, Lebanon, Ornithoptera tithonus " Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Indonesia Family BALANffiAE Switzerland, Syria?, Turkey, " Armatobalanus nefrens '" Papilio antimachus Turkmenistan?, Uzbekistan USA African Giant Swallowtail Angola, Benin?, Cameroon, Central aquila "<' Order ODONATA Balanus Cote USA African Republic, Congo, d' Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Family COENAGRIONIDAE Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Aciagrion rarum '" Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Togo?, Angola Class INSECTA Uganda, Zaire '-' " Ceriagrion mourae Papilio aristor Mozambique Order HYMENOPTERA Scarce Haitian Swallowtail polychromaticum '^ Dominican Republic, Haiti Enallagma Family MEGACHILIDAE " South Africa Papilio caiguanabus pluto '" quadrioculatum '" Chalicodoma Poey's Black Swallowtail Pseudagrion Wallace's Giant Bee Cuba Zaire Indonesia Papilio garleppi " Family LIBELLULIDAE Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, '^ Guyana, Peru, Suriname Aethiothemis watuliki Order LEPIDOPTERA " Congo Papilio maroni Family HESPERIIDAE French Guiana Anectothemis apicalis '-' " Zaire Dalla octomaculata '" Papilio morondavana '" Eight-Spotted Skipper Madagascan Emperor Swallowtail Congothemis longistyla Costa Rica, Panama Madagascar Zaire

208 Molluscs : snails

Orthetrum rubens '" Class POLYCHAETA Family HYDROCENmAE South Africa Georissa biangulata '" Urotkemis luciana '" Order EUNICIDA Guam South Africa Family EUNICIDAE Georissa elegans '" Urothemis thomasi '" Guam Eunice viridis '" Ethiopia, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Georissa laevigata '" Somalia Palolo Worm [Pacific (western central)] Guam Georissa rufula '" Family PLATYCNEMIDroAE Federated States of Micronesia Class BIVALVIA Metacnemis angusta '" South Africa Order OSTREOIDA Family NERITIDAE '" Family PECTEVIDAE Neritilia hawaiiensis Order ORTHOPTERA Anchialine Pool Snail Nodipecten magnificus * USA (Hawaiian Is) Family GRYLLOTALProAE Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Neritina cristata " Gryllotalpa major '-' Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire, Gabon, Prairie Mole Cricket Order UNIONOmA USA Sierra Leone " Family UNIONTOAE Neritina manoeli Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) Family STENOPELMAXmAE Alasmidonta marginata -' " Deinacrida parva '" Canada, USA Neritina natalensis Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, South Kaikoura Weta Alasmidonta varicosa " Africa, Tanzania New Zealand Canada, USA Theodoxus maresi " Epioblasma florentina " USA Algeria, Morocco Order PLECOPTERA Theodoxus numidicus " Vnio turtoni '" Algeria, Morocco Family EUSTHENIIDAE France '" Eusthenia nothofagi "" Theodoxus transversalis Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Otway Stonefly Class GASTROPODA Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Australia Slovakia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia? Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA Class MEROSTOMATA Family HELICINIDAE Family SKENETOAE arata '" Order XIPHOSURA Ogasawarana " Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Teinsotoma fernandesi Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) Family '" LIMULIDAE Ogasawarana capsula '" Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Teinsotoma funiculatum Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) Horseshoe Crab Ogasawarana comes '" India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Philippines, Singapore, Thailand Ogasawarana discrepans '" "" Order BASOMMATOPHORA Tachypleus gigas Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Horseshoe Crab Ogasawarana hirasei '" Family GLACmORBIDAE India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) '" Singapore, Thailand Glacidorbis pawpela Ogasawarana microtheca '" Australia Tachypleus tridentatus '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) '" Horseshoe Crab Glacidorbis pedderi '" China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Ogasawarana nitida Australia Philippines, Taiwan, Viet Nam Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Ogasawarana ogasawarana '" Family LYMNAETOAE Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Class ONYCHOPHORA '" Ogasawarana optima '" Myxas glutinosa Czech Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Order Republic, Estonia, Finland, ONYCHOPHORA '" Sturanyella carolinarum Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Micronesia Family PERXPATOAE Federated States of Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, '" Mesoperipatus tholloni '-^ Sturanyella epicharis Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Congo Federated States of Micronesia Ukraine, United Kingdom

209 " '

Data Deficient

Family PHYSmAE Omphalotropis elegans '" Family BATILLARmAE Guam Physella natricina '" Batillaria mutata " '" Snake River Physa Snail Omphalotropis elongatula Ecuador (Galapagos Is) USA Guam '" Omphalotropis erosa Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Family PLANORBIDAE Guam. Cyathopoma nishinoi '" '" Camptoceras hirasei '" Omphalotropis fragilis Japan Japan Federated States of Micronesia Japonia hispida '" '" Omphalotropis gracilis '" Camptoceras rezvoji Japan Japan Guam Japonia shigetai '" Omphalotropis guamensis '" Japan Order MESOGASTROPODA Guam Japonia striatula " Omphalotropis howeinsulae '" Japan Family ACICULIDAE Australia '" '" Nobuea kurodai Acicula hausdorfi Omphalotropis laevigata '" Japan Greece Guam '" Platyla maaseni Omphalotropis laticosta '" Yugoslavia Guam Family DIPLOMMATINIDAE '" Diplommatina alata '" Platyla microspira Omphalotropis latilabris '" Italy, Romania Guam Palau "^ '" Platyla orthostoma Omphalotropis mutica '" Diplommatina aurea Bulgaria Palau Palau '" '" Platyla peloponnesica Omphalotropis ochthogyra '" Diplommatina circumstomata Greece Guam Japan '" Omphalotropis picta '" Diplommatina crassilabris Family AMPULLARIDAE Guam Palau " '" Lanistes graueri Omphalotropis pilosa '" Diplommatina gibboni Zaire Guam Palau '" Omphalotropis quadrasi '" Diplommatina inflatula Family ASSIMINEIDAE Guam Palau '" '" Assiminea patauensis Omphalotropis semicostata '" Diplommatina lamellata Palau Guam Palau '" '" Conacmella vagans Omphalotropis striatapila '" Diplommatina lateralis Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Palau Japan "' "' Heteropoma fulva Omphalotropis submaritima '" Diplommatina lutea Guam Guam Palau '" '" Heteropoma glabratum Omphalotropis suteri '" Diplommatina pyramis Guam Norfolk Island Palau '" '" Heteropoma pyramis Omphalotropis suturalis '" Diplommatina ringens Guam Guam Palau Heteropoma quadrasi '" Omphalotropis tumidula '" Hungerfordia pelewensis '" Guam Federated States of Micronesia Palau '" Heteropoma tuberculatum Paludinella semperi '" Palaina albata '" Guam Marshall Islands, Palau Palau Heteropoma turritum '" Ponapella pihapiha '" Palaina dimorpha '" Guam Federated States of Micronesia Palau '" '" Kubaryia pilikia Quadrasiella clathrata '" Palaina dohrni Palau Guam Palau Omphalotropis albocarinata '" Quadrasiella mucronata '" Palaina doliolum '" Norfolk Island Guam Federated States of Micronesia Omphalotropis carolinensis '" Thaanumella angulosa '" Palaina kubaryi '" Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia '" Omphalotropis cheynei Thaanumella cookei ' Palaina moussoni '" Palau Federated States of Micronesia Palau '" Omphalotropis cookei Wrayanna soluta '" Palaina ovatula '" Guam, Northern Marianas Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia

210 Molluscs: snails

'" Palaina patula Paludinella minima '" Pyrgulopsis micrococcus '" Palau Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Oasis Valley Springsnail '" Palaina platycheilus Paludinella vitrea '" USA Palau Palau Pyrgulopsis montezumensis '" "' Palaina pupa Phrantela richardsoni '" Montezuma Well Springsnail Palau Australia USA '" '" Palaina pusilla Pseudamnicola melUensis '" Pyrgulopsis morrisoni Palau Malta Page Springsnail '" USA Palaina rubella Pyrgulopsis agarhecta '" '" Palau Ocmulgee Marstonia Pyrgulopsis nanus '" USA Distal-gland Springsnail Palaina scalarina USA Federated States of Micronesia Pyrgulopsis bacchus '" Pyrgulopsis olivacea '" Palaina strigata '" Grand Wash Springsnail USA Olive Marstonia Palau USA '" Palaina striolata '" Pyrgulopsis bernardina Pyrgulopsis ozarkensis '" Palau San Bemadino Springsnail USA Ozark Pyrg Palaina taeniolata '" USA Guam Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis '" Pyrgulopsis pachyta '" Bruneau Palaina '" Hot Springsnail wilsoni USA Armored Marstonia Palau USA '" '" Pyrgulopsis castor Palaina xiphidium Pyrgulopsis pecosensis '" Beaver Federated States of Micronesia Pond Marstonia USA Pecos Springsnail Pseudopalaina polymorpha '" USA Pyrgulopsis chupaderae '" Palau Pyrgulopsis pisteri '" Chupadera Springsnail USA Median-gland Nevada Springsnail Family HYDROBimAE USA '" Pyrgulopsis conica '" Avenionia brevis •* Pyrgulopsis robusta Kingman Springsnail Belgium, France, Germany, USA Jackson Lake Springsnail Netherlands USA Pyrgulopsis crystalis '" Belgrandiella komenskyi '" Pyrgulopsis roswellensis '" Crystal Spring Springsnail Czech Republic Roswell Springsnail USA USA Bythiospeum alpinum '" Pyrgulopsis davisi '" Switzerland Pyrgulopsis simplex '" Davis County Springsnail "" Fossil Springsnail Cochliopina compacta USA USA Mexico '" Pyrgulopsis erythropoma Pyrgulopsis sola '" Fluminicola avemalis '" Ash Meadows Pebblesnail Brown Springsnail Moapa Pebblesnail USA USA USA '" Pyrgulopsis fairbanksensis Pyrgulopsis thermalis '" Fluminicola columbiana '" Fairbanks Springsnail New Mexico Hotspring Snail Columbia Pebblesnail USA USA USA '" Pyrgulopsis gilae Pyrgulopsis thompsoni '" Fluminicola meniami '" Gila Springsnail Huachuca Springsnail Pahranagat Pebblesnail USA USA USA '" Pyrgulopsis glandulosa Pyrgulopsis triviaUs '" Fantigens holsingeri '" Verde Rim Springsnail Three Forks Springsnail Tapered Cavesnail USA USA USA Pyrgulopsis idahoensis '" Somatogyrus amnicoloides '" Hauffenia minuta ^ Idaho Springsnail Oachita Pebblesnail France, Switzerland USA USA Iglica gratulabunda " '" Pyrgulopsis isolata Somatogyrus aureus '" Austria Elongate-gland Springsnail Goldend Pebblesnail Neohoratia minuta '" USA USA Switzerland Pyrgulopsis metcalfi '" Somatogyrus biangulatus '" Paludinella conica '" Presidio County Springsnail Angular Pebblesnail Guam, Northern Marianas USA USA

211 "

Data Deficient

'" Somatogyrus tennesseensis ' Family PLEUROCERIDAE Somatogyrus constrictus ™ Knotty Pebblesnail Opaque Pebblesnail Elimia cahawbensis USA USA Cahaba Elimia '" Somatogyrus coosaensis '" Somatogyrus wheeleri USA "' Coosa Pebblesnail Channeled Pebblesnail Elimia gerhardti USA USA Coldwater Elimia '" '" Somatogyrus crassilabris Tryonia adamantina USA Thick-lipped Pebblesnail Diamond Y Springsnail Elimia variata '*' USA USA Squat Elimia Somatogyrus crassus '" Tryonia alamosae '" USA Stocky Pebblesnail Alamosa Springsnail USA USA Family POMATIASIDAE '" " Somatogyrus currierianus Tryonia angulata Chondropoma callipeplum '" Tennessee Pebblesnail Sportingoods Tryonia USA USA Nicaragua " '" Tropidophora carinata Somatogyrus decipiens Tryonia brunei -" Mauritius, Reunion Hidden Pebblesnail Brune's Tryonia ™ USA USA Tropidophora michaudi '" Mauritius Somatogyrus excavatus Tryonia cheatumi -' Ovate Pebblesnail Phantom Tryonia USA USA Family POTEMffiAE '" Somatogyrus hendersoni -' Tryonia clathrata Kondoraphe kiyokoae '" Fluted Pebblesnail Tryonia Grated Federated States of Micronesia USA USA '" '" Ostodes brazieri Somatogyrus hinkleyi '* Tryonia elata Federated States of Micronesia Granite Pebblesnail Tryonia Point of Rocks '" USA USA Paramiella incisa '" Federated States of Micronesia Somatogyrus humerosus -* Tryonia ericae Pebblesnail Paramiella kondoi '" Atlas Minute Tryonia USA USA Federated States of Micronesia Somatogyrus nanus '" Tryonia gilae -* Dwarf Pebblesnail Family PUPESHDAE Gila Tryonia USA '" USA Pupina brenchleyi Somatogyrus obtusus '" Federated States of Micronesia Tryonia imitator -' Moom Pebblesnail Pupina complanata '" USA Mimic Tryonia USA Federated States of Micronesia, Somatogyrus parvulus '" Marshall Islands Tryonia kosteri Sparrow Pebblesnail '" Pupina difficilis USA Koster's Tryonia USA Palau Somatogyrus pilsbryanus '" -* Tallapoosa Pebblesnail Tryonia quitobaquitae USA Quitabaquito Tryonia Family STROMBmAE USA "* Somatogyrus pygmaeus '" Lambis violacea ' Pygmy Pebblesnail Tryonia variegata Mauritius USA Amargossa Tryonia USA Somatogyrus quadratus '" Family TRUNCATELLmAE Quadrate Pebblesnail Taheitiaalata'" USA Guam '" Family LIAREIDAE Somatogyrus sargenti lamellicosta '" '" Taheitia Mud Pebblesnail Cytora hirsutissima Guam New Zealand USA '" Taheitia mariannarum '" Somatogyrus strengi Guam Rolling Pebblesnail '" USA Family MELANOFSmAE Taheitia parvula '^ Guam Somatogyrus tenax '" Fagotia esperi Truncatella guerinii '" Savannah Pebblesnail Austria, Belarus, Hungary, Moldova, USA Slovakia, Ukraine Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)

212 "

Molluscs: snails

Family VALVATIDAE Family TURRffiAE Perdicella carinella '" '" " USA (Hawaiian Is) Valvata utahensis Agathothoma finalis Utah Valvata Sao Tome & Principe Perdicella kuhnsi '" USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Crassispira sacerdotalis " "' Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) Perdicella omata USA (Hawaiian Is) Family VTVIPARIDAE Scaevatula amancicoi " '" Tulotoma magnifica '" Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) Tomatellinops ponapensis Federated States of Micronesia Tulotoma Scaevatula peltisserpentis " USA Sao Tome & Principe Family ACHATEMIDAE Order NEOGASTROPODA Order STYLOMMATOPHORA Achatina vignoniana '" Gabon Family BUCCINIDAE Family ACHATEVELLroAE Archachatina knorri '" " Paradoxa confirmata Auriculella ambusta "-' Liberia Sao Tome & Principe USA (Hawaiian Is) " Paradoxa thomensis Auriculella castanea '" Family ALYCAEffiAE Sao Tome & Principe USA (Hawaiian Is) Awalycaeus akiratadai '" '" Auriculella crassula Japan Family CONffiAE USA (Hawaiian Is) Chamalychaeus expanstoma '" " '" Conus kohni Auriculella malleata Japan Ecuador (Galapagos Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Chamalychaeus miyazakii '" Auriculella perpusilla '" Japan USA (Hawaiian Is) Family MARGINELLIDAE Chamalychaeus takahashii '" '" Cysticus gutta " Auriculella pulchra Japan Sao Tome & Principe USA (Hawaiian Is) Chamalychaeus yanoshigehumii '" '" Cysticusjosephinae " Auriculella tenella Japan (Hawaiian Is) Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) USA Cipangochalax placeonovitas '" ™ Gibberula cucuUata '' Elasmias jaurffreti Japan Mauritius (Rodrigues?) Sao Tome & Principe Cipangocharax okamurai ' '" Gibberula modica " Elasmias quadrasi Japan Sao Tome & Principe Guam, Northern Marianas

' " Family ARIONIDAE Gibberula puntiUum " Lamellidea microstoma Sao Tome & Principe Guam, Northern Marianas Arion obesoductus '" '" Austria Granulina parilis " Lamellidea subcylindrica Sao Tome & Principe Guam, Northern Marianas Arion simrothi '" '" Marginella chalmersi " Partulina dolei Germany Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) USA (Hawaiian Is) Arion vejdorskyi '" "' Marginella gemma " Partulina dwightii Czech Republic Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) USA (Hawaiian Is) Binneya notabilis '" '" Marginella liparozona " Partulina jusoidea Santa Barbara Shelled Slug Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) USA (Hawaiian Is) USA '" Marginella melvilli " Partulina kaaeana Sao Tome & Principe USA (Hawaiian Is) Family BRADYBAENTOAE '" '" Volvarina insulana '" Partulina nattii Aegista inexpectata Sao Tome & Principe USA (Hawaiian Is) Japan Partulina porcellana "' Aegista intonsa '" Family MURICIDAE USA (Hawaiian Is) Japan '" Muricopsis mariangelae '' Partulina talpina "* Euhadra murayamai Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) USA (Hawaiian Is) Japan '" Muricopsis matildae " Partulina terebra '" Euhadra nachicola Sao Tom6 & Principe (Sao Tome) USA (Hawaiian Is) Japan '" Muricopsis Principensis " Partulina ustulata '" Euhadra sadoensis Sao Tome & Principe (Principe) USA (Hawaiian Is) Japan " '" Neorapana grandis * Partulina virgulata Paraegista apoiensis Ecuador (Galdpagos Is) USA (Hawaiian Is) Japan

213 Data Deficient

'" Family Family CAMAENIDAE Jokajdon tumidulus CLAUSILimAE States of Micronesia '" "" Federated Neophaedusa spelaeonis Amplirhagada herbertena kubaryi '" Japan Australia Kubaryiellus " Federated States of Micronesia Cristigibba wesselensis '" Australia Ladronellum mariannanim Family COCHLICOPIDAE Guam " Eximiorhagada asperrima '" Hypnophila remyi '*" Australia Letomola barrenensis France Australia Mandarina anijimana '" '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Letomola contortus Family COELIAXIDAE Australia Mandarina aureola '" Pyrgina umbilicata " '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Ngairea murphyi Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) Australia Mandarina chichijimana '" Thomea newtoni " '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Oreokera cumulus Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) Australia Mandarina exoptata '" '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Oreokera nimbus Family DISCTOAE '" Australia Mandarina hahajimana Anguispira picta "" '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Oreomava cannfluviatilus Painted Snake-coiled Forest Snail Australia Mandarina hirasei '" USA '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Palikirus cosmetus Discus engonata ' of Micronesia Mandarina luhuana '" Federated States Spain (Canary Is) '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Palikirus ponapicus Discus macclintocki '" Micronesia Mandarina mandarina '" Federated States of Iowa Pleistocene Snail Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Palline micramyla '" USA States of Micronesia Mandarina polita '" Federated Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Palline notera '" Family ENDODONTIDAE Mandarina ponderosa '" Palau Aaadonta angaurana '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Planilaoma luckmanii '" Palau Mandarina suenoae '" Australia Aaadonta constricta '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Radiodiscus coppingers "" Palau Noctepuna muensis '" Argentina, Brazil, Chile Aaadonta fuscozonata '" Australia Radiodiscus iheringi '"" Palau Papustyla pulcherrima '" Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay Aaadonta irregularis '" Papua New Guinea Rhophodon kempseyensis '" Palau Australia Aaadonta kinlochi '" Family CHAROPIDAE Rhophodon problematica "' Palau '" Australia '" Bischoffena bischoffensis Aaadonta pelewana '" Australia Roimontis tolotomensis Palau '" Coenocharopa yessabahensis '" Federated States of Micronesia Hirasea biconcava Australia Russatus nigrescens '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) '" Cralopa kaputarensis '" Federated States of Micronesia Hirasea eutheca Australia Semperdon kororensis '" Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) '" Dipnelix pertricosa '" Palau Hirasea goniobasis (Ogasawara-gunto) Australia Semperdon rotanus '" Japan '" Discocharopa mimosa '" Guam, Northern Marianas Hirasea hypolia (Ogasawara-gunto) Australia Semperdon uncatus '" Japan Himeroconcha fusca '" Palau Hirasea major"' Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Guam Semperdon xyleborus '" '" Himeroconcha lamlanensis '" Palau Hirasea mirabilis Japan Guam Sinployea kusaieana '" '" Himeroconcha quadrasi '" Federated States of Micronesia Hirasea nesiotica Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Guam Trochogyra leptotera '^ '" Himeroconcha rotula '" Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Hirasea profundispira Guam Uruguay Japan '" '" Jokajdon callizonus '" Trukcharopa trukana Hirasea sinuosa Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)

214 " " " ' "

Molluscs: snails

'" Hirasiella clara Leptichnus bernardi "- Family OLEACEVTOAE Japan (Ogasawara-gunto) Tanzania Streptostyla turgidula '" "- Sitala mazumbaiensis Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua Family ENIDAE Tanzania Streptostyla want '" Luchuena hachijoensis '" '" Thapsia grandis Nicaragua Japan Tanzania Thapsia microsculpta "^ Family EUCONULmAE Tanzania Family ORCULmAE Dendrotrochus ponapensis '" "- Thapsia usambarensis Orcula austriaca '" Federated States of Micronesia Tanzania Austria '" Kusaiea frivola Trichotoxon "^ martensi Orcula pseudodolium '" Federated States of Micronesia Tanzania Austria '" Lamprocystis denticulata Trochozonites usambarensis "- Guam, Northern Marianas Tanzania Lamprocystis fastigata '" Family ORTHALICIDAE Guam, Northern Marianas Family HELICIDAE Bulimulus adelphus "•' Lamprocystis hornbosteli '" Chilostoma ziegleri '" Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Northern Marianas Austria Orthalicus reses '" Lamprocystis misella '" '" Guam Codringtonia codringtonia Stock Island Tree Snail Greece USA Liardetia tenuisculpta '" Tacheocampylaea raspaili '" Federated States of Micronesia France '" Palaua babelthimpi "' Family PARTULffiAE Palau Tacheocampylaea tacheoides Italy Samoana abbreviata ' '" Palaua margaritacea American Samoa Palau '" Family Palaua minor HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE Palau Family POLYGYRmAE '" ' Micrarionta gabbi Palaua ngarduaisi Mesodon archeri '" Palau San Clemente Island Snail USA Archer's Toothed Land Snail Palaua straminea '" USA '" Palau Monadenia troglodytes Mesodon jonesianus '" '" Shasta Sideband Palaua wilsoni USA Jones' Middle-toothed Land Snail Palau USA Ryssota pachystoma '" " Family HYGROMIIDAE Mesodon magazinensis Federated States of Micronesia Magazine Mountain Middle-toothed Halolimnohelix conradti "- Tengchiena euroxestus '" Snail Tanzania Australia USA Petasina subtecta '" Polygyriscus virginianus ' Austria Family FERUSSACIIDAE Virginia Fringed Mountain Snail Trichia biconica ' Cecilioides nyctelia '" USA Switzerland Portugal (Madeira) Stenotrema hubrichti '" Trichia caelata '" USA Switzerland Family GEOMITRIDAE '" '" Stenotrema pilsbryi '" Trichia gramnicola Actinella laciniosa Pilsbry's Narrow-apertured Land Germany Portugal (Madeira) Snail '" Lemniscia galeata '" Trichia oreinos USA Austria Portugal (Madeira) Triodopsis occidentalis '" Western Three-toothed Land Snail Family HELICARIONmAE Family LIMACIDAE USA Atrichotoxon usambarense "^ Deroceras fatrense '" Triodopsis platysayoides '" Tanzania Slovakia Flat-spired Three-toothed Snail Elisolimax rufescens "- USA Tanzania Family MILACIDAE Vespericola karokorum '" Harmogenanina detecta ™ Tandonia nigra '" Karok Hesperion Reunion Switzerland USA

215 " '

Data Deficient

'- '" Family PUNCimAE Nesopupa kauaiensis Paryphanta hochstetteri USA (Hawaiian Is) Hochstetter's Land Snail Pasmaditta jungermanniae ' '- New Zealand Australia Nesopupa limatula '" USA (Hawaiian Is) Paryphanta lignaria

'- Woodformed Land Snail Nesopupa Utoralis Family PUPILLIDAE New Zealand (Hawaiian Is) ™ USA Leiostyla fuscidula Paryphanta rossiana '" Nesopupa newcombi '- Portugal (Azores) Ross' Land Snail USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa anceyana '- New Zealand Nesopupa oahuensis '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Paryphanta traversi '" USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa clathratula '- Travers' Land Snail Nesopupa plicifera '- USA (Hawaiian Is) New Zealand USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa hawaiiensis '- Nesopupa quadrasi '" USA (Hawaiian Is) Family SAGDIDAE Guam '- '" Lyropupa lyrata " Xenodiscula taintori Nesopupa rodriguezensis USA (Hawaiian Is) Guatemala, Nicaragua Mauritius (Rodrigues?) Lyropupa microthauma '- Nesopupa singularis '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Family STREPTAXmAE " USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa mirabilis Edentulina usambarensis "- Nesopupa subcentralis '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa prisca '- Gonaxis usambarensis "- Nesopupa thaanumi '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Tanzania " USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa rhabdota Gonaxis vosseleri "- '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Nesopupa waianensis Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa scabra '- Gulella alleni "- wesleyana '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Nesopupa Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa spaldingi '- Gulella amaniensis "' '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Pronesopupa acanthinula Tanzania " USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa spama Gulella bomolensis "- '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Pronesopupa boettgeri Tanzania " USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa striatula Gulella cuspidata "- '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Pronesopupa frondicella Tanzania (Hawaiian Is) '- USA "- Lyropupa thaanumi Gulella foliifera '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Pronesopupa hystricella Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) Lyropupa truncata '- Gulella greenwayi "- '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Pronesopupa incerta Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) Nesopupa alloia '- Gulella grossa "- " USA (Hawaiian Is) Pronesopupa lymaniana Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) Nesopupa anceyana " Gulella inconspicua "- '^ USA (Hawaiian Is) Pronesopupa molokaiensis Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) Nesopupa bacca '- Gulella intrusa "- '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Pronesopupa orycta Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) Nesopupa baldwini Gulella ludwigi "- " USA (Hawaiian Is) Pronesopupa sericata Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) "- Nesopupa bishopi '- Gulella ndamanyiluensis '- USA (Hawaiian Is) Pupoidopsis hawaiensis Tanzania USA (Hawaiian Is) Nesopupa dispersa " Gulella paucidens " USA (Hawaiian Is) Tanzania "- Nesopupa dubitabilis '- Family RHYXmroAE Gulella translucida USA (Hawaiian Is) Delos oualanensis " Tanzania "- Nesopupa eapensis '" Federated States of Micronesia Gulella unidentata Palau Ougapia spaldingi '" Tanzania '- " Nesopupa forbesi Australia Gulella usambarica (Hawaiian Is) '" Tanzania USA Paryphanta gilliesi "- Nesopupa infrequens '- Gillies' Land Snail Ptychotrema usambarense USA (Hawaiian Is) New Zealand Tanzania

216 "

Nemertine worms

"' Tayloria amaniensis Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, Trochomorpha conoides '" Tanzania Slovakia, Spain (Balearic Is, Canary Federated States of Micronesia "- Is), Switzerland, Ukraine Tayloria angustistriata Trochomorpha contigua '" '" Tanzania Vallonia suevica Federated States of Micronesia "- Germany Tayloria hyalinoides Trochomorpha kuesteri '" Tanzania Federated States of Micronesia Family VERTIGINIDAE Trochomorpha nigritella '" Family SUBULDMroAE Nesopupa ponapica '" Federated States of Micronesia "- Hypolysia connollyana Federated States of Micronesia Videna electra '" Tanzania Truncatellina atomus * Palau "- Hypolysia usambarica Spain (Canary Is) Videna oleacina '" Tanzania Vertigo paradoxa '" Palau "' Pseudoglessula acutissima Canada, USA Videna pagodula '" Tanzania Palau "- Pseudoglessula conradti Family ZONIXmAE Videna pumila '" Tanzania Palau Brazieria entomostoma '" Subulina usambarica "- '" Federated States of Micronesia Vitrea inae Tanzania Spain Brazieria erasa '" Federated States of Micronesia Vitrea striata"^ Family SUCCIMEmAE Spain (Balearic Is) Brazieria lutaria '" Succinea chittenangoensis '" Federated States of Micronesia Chittenango Ovate Amber Snail Class ENOPLA USA Brazieria minuscula '" Federated States of Micronesia Succinea guamensis '" Order HOPLONEMERTEA Guam Brazieria obesa '" Federated States of Micronesia Family PROSORHOCHMIDAE Succinea philippinica '" '" "' Palau Brazieria velata Argonemertes stocki Federated States of Micronesia Australia '" Family THYROPHORELLroAE Glyphyalinia pecki '" Geonemertes rodericana USA Mauritius (Rodrigues) Thyrophorella thomensis " '" "" Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome) Hongolua kondorum Pantinonemertes agricola Federated States of Micronesia Bermuda

Family VALLONITOAE Kondoa kondorum ' Federated States of Micronesia Class ANTHOZOA Acanthinula spinifera ' '" Spain (Canary Is) Retinella stabilei Order ACTEVIARIA Italy Vallonia allamanica '" Germany Trochomorpha approximata '" Family EDWARDSIIDAE Federated States of Micronesia "" Vallonia enniensis '" Edwardsia ivelli '" Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Trochomorpha carolinae Ivell's Sea Anemone France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Federated States of Micronesia United Kingdom

217

Lists

Subspecies and populations

Class MAMMALIA Order PERAMELEMORPHL^ Family PHALANGERIDAE

Family PERAMELIDAE Phalanger intercastellanus (S) Order MONOTREMATA Southern Common Cuscus Isoodon auratus auratus " Family TACHYGLOSSffiAE Golden Bandicoot LR nt Australia Tachyglossus aculeatus VU " Bl-^2e multiaculeatus Australia Trichosurus vulpecula hyopoleucus Short-beaked Echidna Isoodon auratus barrowensis Common Brushtail Possum " LR " nt Golden Bandicoot LR nt Australia VU " D2 Australia Australia Order DASYUROMORPHIA Isoodon obesulus fusciventer Family POTOROroAE Quenda Family DASYURmAE LR " nt Bettongia gaimardi cuniculus Antechinus minimus maritimus Australia Tasmanian Bettong Swamp Antechinus " Isoodon obesulus nauticus LR nt LR " nt Southern Brown Bandicoot Australia Australia VU " D2 Bettongia gaimardi gaimardi Antechinus swainsonii insulanus (S) Australia Eastern Bettong Dusky Antechinus " Isoodon obesulus obesulus EX (Victoria population) Southern Brown Bandicoot Australia LR " nt LR " nt Bettongia lesueur graii Australia Australia Burrowing Bettong Dasyurus macuUuus gracilis '^ Isoodon obesulus peninsulae EX Spotted-tailed Quoll Southern Brown Bandicoot Australia EN " C2a LR " nt Bettongia lesueur lesueur Australia Australia Boodie Dasyurus maculatus maculatus Perameles hougainville bougainville VU " D2 Spotted-tailed Quoll Western Barred Bandicoot Australia VU " Cl+2a EN " Bl+3a Australia Bettongia leuser ssp. Australia VU " D2 Phascogale tapoatafa pirata Perameles bougainville fasciata Australia (Barrow & Boodie Is) Brush-tailed Phascogale Western Barred Bandicoot Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi LR " nt EX " Australia Woylie Australia LR " cd Phascogale tapoatafa tapoatafa Perameles gunnii gunnii Australia Brush-tailed Phascogale Eastern Barred Bandicoot " nt Bettongia penicillata penicillata LR (Tasmanian population) Australia Brush-tailed Bettong VU " Alb EX " Sminthopsis archeri (S) Australia Australia Chestnut Dunnart Perameles gunnii ssp. (S) " Potorous tridactylus tridactylus DD (mainland population) Australia Long-nosed Potoroo CR " Bl+2c, Dl VU " C2a Sminthopsis griseoventer ssp. Australia Australia Bollanger Id Dunnart " CR Order DIPROTODONTL^ Bl+2e, C2b Family MACROPODroAE Australia (Bollanger Id) Family VOMBATIDAE Lagorchestes conspicillatus Sminthopsis murina tatei Vombatus ursinus ursinus conspicillatus Common Dunnart Common Wombat Spectacled Hare-wallaby " LR " nt VU " D2 VU D2 Australia Australia Australia

219 Subspecies and populations

Lagorchestes conspicillatus Macropus giganteus tasmaniensis Order PRIMATES leichardti Eastern Grey Kangaroo Spectacled Hare-wallaby LR " nt Family CHEIROGALEIDAE LR " nt Australia Phanerfurcifer electromontis Australia Macropus robustus isabellinus VU " Bl-f2c,C2b Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri Barrow Island Euro Madagascar " Rufous Hare-wallaby VU D2 Phaner VU " D2 Australia furciferfurcifer LR '« nt Australia Petrogale concinna concinna Nabarlek Madagascar Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae LR " nt Rufous Hare-wallaby Phaner furcifer pallescens Australia VU " D2 VU "" Bl-h2bc,C2a Madagascar Australia Petrogale concinna monastria Nabarlek Phanerfurcifer parienti Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus LR " nt VU " B1-I-2C, C2b Rufous Hare-wallaby Australia EX " Madagascar Petrogale lateralis (S) Australia Black-footed Rock-wallaby Lagorchestes hirsutus ssp. (MacDonnell Ranges population) Mala VU " Alab, B2ab-H3abc CR " Ala, Bl-H3abcd, C2b, Dl Australia Family LEMURffiAE Australia (central mainland) Petrogale lateralis (S) Eulemurfulvus albocollaris Black-footed Rock-wallaby Lagostrophus fasciatus albipilis White-collared Lemur (Western Kimberly population) Banded Hare-wallaby EN "" Bl-H2bc " VU " BI-(-2c,C2a EX Madagascar Australia Australia Petrogale lateralis hacketti Eulemurfulvus collaris Lagostrophus fasciatus fasciatus Black-footed Rock-wallaby Collared Lemur Banded Hare-wallaby VU " D2 VU '" Alcd, Bl-H2bc " VU D2 Australia Madagascar Australia Petrogale lateralis lateralis Eulemurfulvus sanfordi Macropus eugenii (S) Black-footed Rock-wallaby Sanford's Lemur Tamar Wallaby " VU Bl-i-2abce, C2a VU '" Bl-H2bc (Western Australia population) Australia Madagascar '^ nt LR Petrogale lateralis pearsoni Eulemur Australia Black-footed Rock-wallaby macaco flavifrons " Sclater's Lemur Macropus eugenii (S) VU D2 CR "" Alcd, Bl-i-2bc Tamar Wallaby Australia Madagascar (Southern Australia population) Petrogale xanthopus celeris LR '' nt Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Eulemur macaco macaco Australia LR " nt Black Lemur Australia VU '" Bl-f2bc Macropus eugenii decres Madagascar Tammar Wallaby Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby LR " nt Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis '> Australia VU C2a Alaotran Gentle Lemur Australia CR "" A2cd, B1-h2c Macropus eugenii derbianus Madagascar Tammar Wallaby Family BURRAMYIDAE LR " nt Hapalemur griseus occidentalis Australia Cercartetus caudatus macrurus Western Gentle Lemur Long-tailed Pygmy-possum VU '" Alcd, Bl-H2abc Macropus eugenii eugenii LR " nt Madagascar Tammar Wallaby Australia " EW Varecia variegata rubra Australia Family PETAURTOAE CR "" A2cd, Bl+2bc Madagascar Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus Petaurus australis australis Western Grey Kangaroo Yellow-bellied Glider Varecia variegata variegata '^ LR nt LR " nt EN '" Alcd,Bl-H2bc Australia Australia Madagascar

220

i Mammals •n

Family EVDRIDAE Alouatta fusca clamitans Ateles geoffroyi omatus '« '" PropUhecus diadema candidus VU Ale VU Ale, Bl+2c Argentina, Brazil CR '" A2cd, Bl+2bc Costa Rica Madagascar Alouatta fusca fusca Ateles geoffroyi pan '" PropUhecus diadema diadema Northern Brown Howling Monkey DD '" Guatemala EN '" A led CR Bl+2abede,C2a, Dl Madagascar Brazil Ateles geoffroyi panamensis "" Propithecus diadema edwardsi Alouatta palliata mexicana EN Bl+2abcde, C2a EN '" Ale VU '« Ale,BI+2e Costa Rica, Panama Madagascar Guatemala, Mexico Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis '" Propithecus diadema perrieri Alouatta seniculus amazonica VU Ale, Bl+2c CR "" A2cd, Bl+2c DD '" Belize, Guatemala, Mexico Madagascar Brazil Cacajao calvus calvus EN '« Bl+2abcde PropUhecus verreauxi coquereli Alouatta seniculus insulans Brazil EN '" A2c, Bl+2bc VU '« Ale,Bl+2e Madagascar Trinidad and Tobago Cacajao calvus novaesi EN '" Bl+2abede PropUhecus verreauxi coronatus Alouatta seniculus juara Brazil CR '" Bl+2bc,C2a DD '" Cacajao calvus Madagascar Brazil rubicundus '" PropUhecus verreauxi deckeni EN Bl-H2abcde Alouatta seniculus puruensis '« Brazil, Colombia VU Ale DD '" Madagascar Cacajao calvus ucayalii Bolivia, Brazil '" PropUhecus verreauxi verreauxi VU Ale Aottis lemurinus griseimembra VU '" A2cd Brazil?, Peru Night Monkey Madagascar Callicebus cupreus omatus EN '" Bl+2abcde Ornate Titi Colombia VU '« A1c,B1-h2c Family CALLITRICHIDAE Aottis lemurinus lemurinus Colombia Saguinus bicolor bicolor '" VU B1+2C, C2a Callicebus personatus Pied Tamarin Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama barbarabro wnae EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a Ateles belzebuth belzebuth Northern Bahian Blond Titi Brazil VU "" Ale CR '" Bl-H2abcde Saguinus fuscicollis crandalli Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil '" DD Venezuela Callicebus personatus melanochir Peru? Ateles belzebuth brunneus Southern Bahian Masked Titi Saguinus cruzlimai " fuscicollis '" Bl+2abcde VU Ale '" EN DD Colombia Brazil Brazil? Callicebus personatus nigrifrons Ateles belzebuth hybridus Saguinus imperator imperator Black-fronted Titi Hybrid Spider Monkey Black-chinned Emperor Tamarin VU '" Ale EN '" Bl-f2abede VU '« Ale, Bl+2e Brazil Colombia, Venezuela Brazil, Peru Callicebus personatus personatus Ateles fusciceps fusciceps Saguinus nigricoUis hemandezi Northern Masked Titi CR '" Bl+2abcde, C2a VU "» Ale, Bl+2e VU '" Ale, Bl-l-2e Ecuador Colombia Brazil robustus Ateles fusciceps Callicebus torquatus medemi '" Ale, B1+2C Family CEBIDAE VU VU '*' Bl+2e,C2a Colombia, Panama Colombia Alouatta belzebul ululata Red-handed Howling Monkey Ateles geoffroyi azuerensis Cebus albifrons adustus '*" Bl+2abede, C2a '" CR "» Bl-H2abede,C2a CR DD Panama Brazil Venezuela

Alouatta coibensis coibensis Ateles geoffroyi frontatus Cebus albifrons aequatorialis '" '" EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a VU Ale, Bl-h2e DD Panama Costa Rica, Nicaragua Ecuador

Alouatta coibensis tt-abeata Ateles geoffroyi grisescens Cebus albifrons cesarae '" CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a EN "" Bl+2abcde,C2a DD Panama Colombia, Panama Colombia

221 Subspecies and populations

Cebus albifrons cuscinus Family CERCOPITHECIDAE Cercopithecus pogonias pogonias White-fronted Capuchin Fernando Po Crowned Monkey Cercocebus atys lunutatus '" VU '« A2c DD White-collared Mangabey Bolivia?, Brazil, Peru Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea EN '" A2c Cebus albifrons hypoleucus Cote d'lvoire, Ghana Cercopithecus preussi insularis DD '" Fernando Po Preuss's Monkey Cercocebus galeritus "sanjei" Colombia EN '" Bl-i-2abce, CI Sanje Mangabey Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) Cebus albifrons leucocephalus EN '" B1-H2C '" DD Tanzania Cercopithecus preussi preussi Venezuela Mainland Preuss's Moiikey Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster '" Cebus albifrons malitiosus EN Alcd+2c Golden-bellied '" Mangabey Cameroon, Nigeria DD DD '" Colombia Colobus angolensis Congo palliatus Tanzanian Black-and-white Cebus albifrons trinitatis Colobus Cercocebus galeritus galeritus '" CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a DD Tana River Mangabey Trinidad and Tobago Tanzania EN '" Bl-(-2abcde,C2a Colobus angolensis prigoginei Cebus albifrons yuracus Kenya Andean White-fronted Capuchin Prigogine's Black-and-white Colobus '" DD '" Cercopithecus aethiops DD Colombia, Ecuador, Peru djamdjamensis Zaire Djam-djam Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii Cebus apella margaritae '" DD Rwenzori CR •" Bl-H2abcde,C2a Black-and-white Colobus Ethiopia '« Venezuela VU B1+2C Cercopithecus albogularis Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire Cebus apella robustus albotorquatus Robust Tufted Capuchin Colobus guereza gallarum Tana River Sykes Monkey Neumann's Black-and-white VU '" B1-H2C Colobus DD '" '« Brazil DD Kenya, Somalia Ethiopia Cebus capucinus curtus VU '" B1+2C Cercopithecus albogularis Lophocebus aterrimus opdenboschi Colombia zammaranoi Opdenbosch's Black Mangabey Somalia Sykes Monkey DD "" Chiropotes satanas satanas DD '" Angola, Zaire Black Saki Somalia EN '" Bl+2abcde Mandrillus leucophaeus Brazil Cercopithecus diana diana leucophaeus Diana Monkey Mainland Drill Chiropotes satanas utahicki '" VU '« Alacd-f2b Uta Hick's Bearded Saki VU Ala Cameroon, Gabon?, Nigeria VU '" Ale Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone Mandrillus leucophaeus Brazil Cercopithecus diana roloway mundamensis Lagothrix lagotricha cana Roloway Monkey " Mainland Drill VU '" Ale EN Ale EN '« Alacd-H2cd,Cl+2a Brazil, Peru Cote d'lvoire, Ghana Cameroon, Gabon?, Nigeria Lagothrix lagotricha lugens Cercopithecus erythrotis erythrotis Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis Colombian Woolly Monkey Fernando Po Red-eared Monkey Fernando Po Drill CR '" Bl-H2abcde,C2a EN '" Bl+2abce EN '" Bl-h2abcde,Cl Colombia, Venezuela Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii Cercopithecus hamlyni kahuziensis Procolobus badius bouvieri VU '« Ale Kahuzi Owl-faced Monkey Bouvier's Red Colobus Brazil, Ecuador, Peru VU '« A2c EN '" B1-H2C Pithecia monachus milleri Rwanda?, Zaire Congo VU "" Alc,Bl-f2c Cercopithecus mitis elgonis Procolobus badius epieni Colombia Elgon Blue Monkey Niger Delta Red Colobus '" Saimiri oerstedi citrinellus DD EN '" Bl+2ac CR '" Bl-i-2abcde,C2a Kenya, Uganda Nigeria Costa Rica Cercopithecus mitis kandti Procolobus badius foai Saimiri oerstedi oerstedi Golden Monkey Foa Red Colobus EN '" Bl-H2abcde,C2a EN '« B1-H2C DD '" Costa Rica, Panama Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire Zaire

222 Mammals *n

Procolobus badius gordonorum Gorilla gorilla gorilla Felis silvestris grampia Uhehe Red Colobus Western Lowland Gorilla Scottish Wildcat EN '« Bl+2abc EN '« A2cd VU " Alde-H2e Tanzania Angola, Cameroon, Centra] African United Kingdom Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Procolobus badius kirkii Herpailurus yaguarondi cacomitli Gabon, Nigeria Zanzibar Red Colobus Texas Jaguarundi EN '" Bl+2c,C2a Gorilla gorilla graueri EN " Dl Grauer's Gorilla Tanzania Mexico, USA EN '" Alcd+2cd Leopardus pardalis albescens Procolobus badius langi Uganda?, Zaire Maiko Red Colobus Texas Ocelot Pan troglodytes schweinfurthi DD '" EN " Dl Eastern Chimpanzee Mexico, USA Zaire EN "" Alcd+2cd Leptailurus serval constantinus Procolobus badius lulindicus Burundi, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, North African Serval Kahuzi Red Colobus Uganda, Zaire EN " Dl DD "" Pan troglodytes troglodytes Algeria (ex?), Morocco (ex?), Zaire Central Chimpanzee Tunisia (ex?) EN '" A2cd Procolobus badius parmentierorum Angola, Cameroon, Central African Otocolobus manul ferrugineous Lomami Red Colobus Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Red Manul '" * DD Gabon, Nigeria LR nt Zaire Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Pan troglodytes vents Iran, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Procolobus badius pennantii Western Chimpanzee Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Pennant's Red Colobus EN '" Alcd+2cd EN '" Bl+2abcde, CI Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Panthera leo persica Equatorial Guinea Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Asiatic Lion Nigeria?, Senegal, Sierra Leone EN " Dl Procolobus badius preussi India Preuss's Red Colobus EN "" Bl+2ac Order CARNIVORA Panthera pardusjaponensis North Chinese Leopard Cameroon, Nigeria (ex?) Family CANIDAE EN " C2a Procolobus badius rufomitratus Canis lupus (S) China Tana River Red Colobus Grey Wolf Panthera pardus kotiya EN '" Bl+2abcde,C2a "» EW Sri Lankan Leopard Kenya Mexico EN «> C2a Procolobus badius semlikiensis Canis lupus (S) Sri Lanka Semliki Red Colobus Grey Wolf Panthera pardus melas '" DD LR "» cd Javan Leopard Uganda?, Zaire Portugal, Spain EN « C2a Procolobus badius temminckii Canis lupus (S) Indonesia Temminck's Red Colobus Grey Wolf Panthera pardus nimr EN '« Ale VU '" D2 South Arabian Leopard Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Italy CR «> C2a Senegal Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen Procolobus badius waldroni Family FELmAE Miss Waldron's Bay Colobus Acinonyxjubatus hecki Panthera pardus orientalis OR '" Ale Northwest African Cheetah Amur Leopard " Cote d'lvoire, Ghana EN " C2a, Dl CR Ale, Dl Russia, Algeria, Egypt (ex?), Libya (ex?), China, North Korea, South Morocco, Niger, Western Sahara Korea Family HOMEMroAE (ex?) Panthera pardus panthera Gorilla gorilla (S) Acinonyxjubatus venatirus North African Leopard Nigerian Gorilla Asiatic Cheetah CR " C2a CR '" Alc,C2a CR " C2b, Dl Algeria (ex?), Morocco (ex?), Cameroon, Nigeria Iran Tunisia (ex?)

Gorilla gorilla beringei Felis margarita scheffeli Panthera pardus saxicolor Mountain Gorilla Pakistan Sand Cat North Persian Leopard " CR '" C2b LR " nt EN C2a Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire Pakistan Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan

223 Subspecies and populations

Panthera pardus tulliana Martes melampus tsuensis Phoca vitulina mellonae Anatolian Leopard Tsushima Island Marten Ungava Seal CR " C2a VU '" C2b DD '" Turkey Japan Canada, Greenland

Panthera tigris altaica Martes zibellina brachyura Family URSfflAE Amur Tiger Japanese Sable '" CR " C2b DD Ursus arctos nelsoni China (ex?), North Korea (ex?), Japan Mexican Grizzly Bear " Russia Melogale personata orientalis EX Panthera tigris amoyensis Javan Ferret-badger Mexico, USA South China Tiger LR '" nt Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus CR " Dl Indonesia Baluchistan Bear China Mustela eversmanni amurensis CR " Bl-(-2abc, C2a Panthera tigris sumatrae VU '" A2cd Iran, Pakistan Sumatran Tiger China, Russia CR " Cl+2a Vormela peregusna peregusna Family VIVERRTOAE Indonesia European Marbled Polecat Arctictis binturong whitei Prionailurus bengalensis VU '" Alcd Palawan Binturong iriomotensis Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey, VU " Bl+2c Iriomote Cat Ukraine, Yugoslavia Philippines " EN Dl Arctogalidia trivirgata trilineata Japan (Nansei-shoto) Family ODOBENIDAE Javan Small-toothed Palm Civet '" Puma concolor coryi Odobenus rosmarus laptevi EN C2a Florida Panther Laptev Walrus Indonesia " CR Dl DD '" Crossarchus ansorgei ansorgei USA Russia Angolan Cusiraanse Puma concolor cougar DD '" Eastern Puma Family OTARIIDAE Angola CR " Dl Genetta genetta isabelae Zalophus californianus japonicus Canada, USA Ibiza Genet Japanese Sealion '" EX '" VU B1+2C Family HERPESTmAE Spain (Balearic Is) Japan, North Korea, South Korea omnivora Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Bdeogale crassicauda Zalophus californianus wollebaeki lignicolor Sokoke Bushy-tailed Mongoose Galapagos Sea Lion '" Mentawai Palm Civet EN B1+2C VU '" A2d Kenya, Tanzania VU '" A2c Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Indonesia Poiana richardsoni liberiensis Family HYAENmAE Family PHOCffiAE Leighton's Linsang Proteles cristatus (S) Halichoerus grypus (S) DD '" Aardwolf Grey Seal d'lvoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone >'- Cote DD EN '" Dl Burundi?, Central African Republic?, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Order CETACEA Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda Russia, Sweden Family BALAENIDAE [Atlantic (northeast)] Balaena mysticetus (S) Family MUSTELffiAE Phoca hispida botnica Bowhead Whale Conepatus mesoleucus telmalestes Baltic Seal (Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Big Thicket Hog-nosed Skunk VU '" D2 Sea population) '" EX Estonia?, Finland, Russia, Sweden LR "' cd USA Phoca hispida ladogensis [Arctic Sea, Pacific (northeast, Eira barbara senex Ladoga Seal northwest)] Greyheaded Tayra VU '" D2 Balaena mysticetus (S) VU '" CI Russia Bowhead Whale Belize, Guatemala, Mexico [L. Ladoga] (Hudson Bay, Foxe Basin stock) Martes flavigula robinsoni Phoca hispida saimensis VU *' Dl Javan Yellow-throated Marten Saimaa Seal [Atlantic (northwest)] EN '" B1+2C EN '" Bl+2ce Balaena mysticetus (S) Indonesia Finland Bowhead Whale

224 I Mammals UK

(Okhotsk Sea population) Eschrichtius robustus (S) Equus hemionus hemippus EN " Dl Gray Whale Syrian Wild Ass [Pacific (northwest)] (Northwest Pacific stock) EX « "' Balaena mysticetus (S) EN Dl Iran, Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Syria Bowhead Whale [Pacific (northwest)] Equus hemionus khur (Baffin Bay, Davis Strait stock) Indian Wild Ass VU " Dl Family PHOCOENTOAE EN " A2c [Atlantic (northwest)] Neophocaena phocaenoides (S) India Balaena mysticetus (S) Finless Porpoise Equus hemionus kulan Bowhead Whale (R. Yangtze population) Kulan " (Spitzbergen stock) EN C2b LR « nt " EN Dl China Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan [Atlantic (northeast)] [Pacific (northwest)] Equus hemionus luteus Eubalaena glacialis (S) Phocoena phocoena (S) Gobi Kulan Northern Right Whale Harbour Porpoise DD " (Black Sea (North Pacific stock) stock) China, Mongolia EN "' Dl VU "' Alc,Cl+2b Equus hemionus onager [Pacific (eastern central, northeast, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Onager northwest)] Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine " [Mediterranean and Black Sea] EN CI Eubalaena glacialis (S) Iran Northern Right Whale Phocoena phocoena (S) (North Atlantic stock) Harbour Porpoise Equus kiang kiang " (Baltic Sea stock) Western Kiang EN Dl " [Atlantic northwest, western central] VU *' Alc,Cl+2b DD Denmark, Estonia, Finland, India, Nepal Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Equus kiang polyodon Family BALAENOPTERBDAE Russia, Sweden Southern Kiang Balaenoptera musculus (S) [Atlantic (northeast)] DD " Blue Whale China, India (Antarctic stock) Order SIRENIA Equus zebra zebra "' EN Dl Cape Mountain Family TRICHECHmAE Zebra [Atlantic (Antarctic), Indian Ocean EN " C2a (Antarctic), Pacific (Antarctic)] Trichechus manatus latirostris South Africa Balaenoptera musculus (S) Florida Manatee Blue Whale VU '" A2d (North Pacific stock) USA Family RHINOCEROTIDAE LR "' cd [Atlantic (western central)] Ceratotherium simum cottoni [Pacific (eastern central, northeast, Trichechus manatus manatus Northern White Rhinoceros northwest, western central)] Antillean Manatee ' Alabc, '" CR Dl Balaenoptera (S) VU Alcd,C2a musculus Sudan (ex?), Zaire Blue Whale Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, (North Atlantic stock) Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni " VU ' Dl Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, CR Albcd, C2a, Dl Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Indonesia, Malaysia [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, northwest, western central)] Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis Suriname, Venezuela EX " Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda [Atlantic (southwest, western Bangladesh, India, Myanmar Pygmy Blue Whale central)] " DD Dicerorhinus sumatrensis [Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast, sumatrensis Order PERISSODACTYLA southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic, CR " Albcd, C2a eastern, western). Pacific (Antarctic, Family EQUIDAE Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand southeast, southwest)] Equusferus przewalskii Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus Przewalski's Horse CR " Alcd, C2b,Dl " Family ESCHRICHTIIDAE EW Cambodia (ex?), Laos (ex?), China, Kazakhstan?, Mongolia Thailand (ex), Viet Nam Eschrichtius robustus (S) Gray Whale Equus hemionus hemionus Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus (Northeast Pacific stock) North Mongolian Kulan CR " C2b, Dl " LR *' cd DD Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar (ex), [Pacific (eastern central, northeast)] MongoUa Thailand (ex)

225 Subspecies and populations

Rhinoceros unicornis (S) Family CAMELmAE Cervus duvauceli ranjitsinhi Great Indian Rhinoceros CR " C2b Lama guanicoe cacsilensis EN " Bl+2cde,Cl VU '" C2a India Bhutan, India (Uttar Pradesh), Nepal Bolivia, Chile, Peru Cervus elaphus affinis Rhinoceros unicornis (S) Lama guanicoe huanacus Shou Great Indian Rhinoceros " EN '" Bl+2ce DD " Bl+2cde, CI EN Chile Bhutan?, China India (Assam, West Bengal) Lama guanicoe voglii Cervus elaphus alashanicus VU "" Albcd,C2a Alashan Wapiti Order HYRACOIDEA Argentina DD » Family PROCAVimAE Vicugna vicugna mensalis China '" cd Dendrohyrax arboreus (S) LR Cervus elaphus bactrianus Bolivia, Chile, Peru VU " B1+2C Bactrian Deer South Africa Vicugna vicugna vicugna VU » Dl LR '" cd Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Order ARTIODACTYLA Argentina, Bolivia, Chile Uzbekistan [R. Amu Darya valley] Family SUIDAE Family TRAGULIDAE Cervus elaphus barbarus Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Atlas Deer ivoriensis Tragulus napu nigricans LR " nt Western Forest Hog Balabac Chevrotain Algeria, Morocco (ex), Tunisia VU '" A2cd, Bl+2abde EN " Bl+2ce Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Philippines Cervus elaphus corsicanus Liberia, Sierra Leone Corsican Red Deer " Phacochoerus aethiopicus Family MOSCHmAE EN DI aethiopicus France, Italy Cape Warthog Moschus chrysogaster chrysogaster Cervus elaphus hanglu EX '« Alpine Musk Deer LR " nt Hangul South Africa " China, India EN Dl Phacochoerus aethiopicus delameri India Somali Warthog Moschus chrysogaster leucogaster VU '" A2cd, Bl+2acd Himalayan Musk Deer Cervus elaphus macneilli " Kenya, Somalia LR nt McNeill's Deer Afghanistan, China, India, Nepal, " Phacochoerus africanus aeliani DD Pakistan China Eritrean Warthog '" EN Alacd, Bl+2abd Cervus elaphus wallichi Djibouti, Eritrea Family CERVmAE Tibetan Red Deer " Sus barbatus ahoenobarbus Alces alces cameloides DD Palawan Bearded Pig Siberian Elk Bhutan?, China LR '" nt " LR nt Cervus elaphus yarkandensis Philippines China, Mongolia Yarkand Deer Sus barbatus oi Axis porcinus annamiticus EN " Ala Western Bearded Pig Indo-Chinese Hog Deer China LR '" nt DD " Cervus eldi eldi Indonesia, Malaysia Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand Manipur Brow-antlered Deer Sus scrofa riukiuanus (ex), Viet Nam CR " Bl+2c,C2b Ryukyu Islands Wild Pig Axis porcinus porcinus '« India VU Alacde,Bl+2bd LR " nt [L. Loktak swamps] Japan (Nansei-shoto) Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Cervus eldi siamensis Family HIPPOPOTAMIDAE Lanka [int] Thailand Brow-antlered Deer » Hexaprotodon liberiensis heslopi Cervus duvauceli branderi DD CR «' Dl Upland Barasingha Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand, Nigeria EN » DI Viet Nam Hippopotamus amphibius India Cervus eldi thamin tschadensis Cervus duvauceli duvauceli Burmese Brow-antlered Deer VU »' Ala VU " CI LR " nt Chad, Niger India, Nepal Myanmar, Thailand

226

i Mammals •n

Cervus nippon aplodontus Elaphodus cephalophus michianus Family BOVmAE North Honshu Sika Michie's Tufted Deer DD " DD " Aepyceros melampus petersi Black-faced Impala Japan China VU ' Dl Cervus nippon grassianus Hydropotes inermis argyropus Angola, Namibia Shansi Sika DD » Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus CR " C2a North Korea, South Korea Bubal Hartebeest China Hydropotes inermis inermsis EX ' " Cervus nippon keramae LR nt Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia Ryukyu Sika China Alcelaphus buselaphus caama CR " C2a Muntiacus feai feai Red Hartebeest Japan (Nansei-shoto) " DD LR ' cd Cervus nippon kopschi China, Myanmar, Thailand Angola, Botswana, Lesotho (ex?), South China Sika Muntiacus feai rooseveltorum Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, EN " Dl DD " Zimbabwe China China, Laos, Viet Nam Alcelaphus buselaphus cokei Cervus nippon mandarinus Odocoileus hemionus cerrosensis Coke's Hartebeest ' North China Sika Cedros Island Mule Deer LR cd CR » Dl EN " Dl Kenya, Tanzania China Mexico Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel Cervus nippon mantchuricus Odocoileus virginianus clavium Lelwel Hartebeest Mantchurian Sika Key Deer LR ' cd » DD EN " Dl Central African Republic, Chad, Russia USA Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire Cervus nippon pseudaxis Odocoileus virginianus leucurus Tonkin Sika Columbian White-tailed Deer Alcelaphus buselaphus major Westem Hartebeest CR " Dl LR " nt ' Viet Nam USA LR cd Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cervus nippon pulchellus Ozotoccros bezoarticus bezoarticus Central African Republic, Chad, Tsushima Sika LR " nt Cote d'lvoire, Gambia (ex?), Ghana, " DD Brazil, Uruguay Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Japan Nigeria, Senegal, Togo Ozotoceros bezoarticus celer Cervus nippon sichuanicus EN " Bl+2cde, C2a Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei Shansi Sika Argentina S Wayne's Hartebeest " Ala, CI EN Dl Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster EN' China Ethiopia, Somalia (ex) LR " nt Cervus nippon taiouanus Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay Alcelaphus buselaphus tora Tora Hartebeest Taiwan Sika Rangifer tarandus pearyi " ' CR Dl Peary Caribou EN CI Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan Taiwan EN " Alb, CI Cervus nippon yesoensis Canada Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi Hokkaido Sika Golden Takin DD » EN " A2cd,C2a, Dl Japan Family ANTILOCAPRmAE China

Dama dama mesopotamica Antilocapra americana mexicana Budorcas taxicolor taxicolor Persian Fallow Deer Mexican Pronghom Mishmi Takin " EN " Dl LR ' cd EN A2cd Iran, Iraq (ex?) Mexico, USA China, India, Myanmar Elaphodus cephalophus Antilocapra americana veninsularis Budorcas taxicolor tibetana cephalophus Raja California Pronghom Sichuan Takin " " DD CR ' C2b VU A2cd China, Myanmar Mexico China Elaphodus cephalophus ichangensis Antilocapra americana sonoriensis Budorcas taxicolor whitei Ichang Tufted Deer Sonoran Pronghom Bhutan Takin " " DD EN ' C2b VU A2cde China Mexico, USA Bhutan, China, India

227 Subspecies and populations

Capra aegagrus aegagrus Capricornis sumatraensis thar Damaliscus lunatus lunatus VU " A2cde Himalayan Serow Tsessebe " ' Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, VU A2cd LR cd Georgia, Iran, Lebanon (ex), Russia, Bhutan, China, India, Nepal Angola, Botswana, Mozambique Turkey (ex), Namibia, South Africa, Cephalophus nigrifrons rubidus Swaziland (ex), Zambia, Zimbabwe Capra aegagrus blythi Ruwenzori Black-fronted Duiker Damaliscus lunatus tiang Sind Ibex EN ' Ale Tiang VU " A2cde Uganda, Zaire? ' Iran, Iraq?, Pakistan, Turkmenistan LR nt Cephalophus ogilbyi crusalbum Central African Republic, Chad, Capra aegagrus chialtanensis White-legged Duiker Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda Chilian Goat LR ' nt " Damaliscus lunatus topi CR C2b Congo?, Gabon Pakistan Coastal Topi Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus LR ' cd Capra aegagrus cretica Eastem White-bearded Wildebeest Kenya, Somalia Cretan Goat ' VU " Dl+2 LR cd Gazella dorcas pelzelni Kenya, Tanzania Greece Pelzeln's Gazelle VU ' CI Capra falconerifalconeri Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni Djibouti, Somalia Flare-homed Markhor Cookson's Wildbeest EN " C2a LR ' cd Gazella gazella acaciae India, Pakistan Malawi, Zambia Acacia Gazelle ' Ale, C2b Capra falconeri heptneri Connochaetes taurinus johnstoni CR Tadjik Markhor Nyassa Wildebeest Israel CR " C2a LR ' cd Gazella gazella cora Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Malawi (ex), Mozambique, Tanzania Arabian Mountain Gazelle LR ' cd Capra falconeri megaceros Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Straight-homed Markhor Westem White-bearded Wildebeest Emirates, Yemen EN " C2a LR ' cd Afghanistan, Pakistan Kenya, Tanzania Gazella gazella farasani Farasan Gazelle Capra pyrenaica hispanica Connochaetes taurinus taurinus " VU ' Dl LR cd Blue Wildebeest Saudi Arabia Spain LR ' cd Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Gazella gazella gazella Mountain Gazelle Pyrenean Ibex Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Palestine CR " Dl Zambia, Zimbabwe LR ' cd Israel, Jordan, Lebanon (ex), Syria Spain Damaliscus dorcas dorcas Capra pyrenaica victoriae Bontebok Gazella gazella muscatensis Muscat Gazelle Gredos Ibex VU ' D2 ' VU " D2 South Africa CR C2a Spain Oman Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi Gazella tilonura Capricornis sumatraensis maritimus Blesbok rufifrons Indochinese Serow Heuglin's Gazelle LR ' cd " VU ' CI VU A2cd Botswana [int], Lesotho, Namibia Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, [int]. South Africa, Swaziland, Thailand, Viet Nam Zimbabwe [int] Gazella subgutturosa marica Capricornis sumatraensis Arabian Sand Gazelle Damaliscus lunatus jimela milneedwardsii VU ' C2a Topi Chinese Serow Bahrain, Iran?, Jordan, Kuwait, LR ' cd VU " A2cd Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria?, United Burundi (ex), Kenya, Rwanda, China Arab Emirates, Yemen? Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire Capricornis sumatraensis rubidus Gazella thomsonii albonotata Damaliscus lunatus korrigum Red Serow Mongalla Gazelle Korrigum EN " A2cd LR ' nt VU ' Ala Bangladesh, India, Myanmar Ethiopia, Sudan Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, niger variant Capricornis sumatraensis sumatraensis Gambia (ex), Ghana (ex), Guinea Hippotragus Sumatran Serow (ex?), Guinea-Bissau (ex), Mali (ex), Giant Sable Antelope EN " A2cd Mauritania (ex), Niger, Nigeria, CR ' Ald-H2d,Cl+2b Indonesia, Malaysia Senegal (ex), Togo (ex?) Angola

228 Mammals 'n

Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa Naemorhedus baileyi cranbrooki Ovis ammon ammon Defassa Waterbuck Red Goral Altai Argali LR ' cd VU " A2cd VU " A2cde, CI Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, India, Myanmar China, Mongolia, Russia Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Ovis collium Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote Naemorhedus caudatus caudatus ammon " d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia Long-tailed Goral VU A2cde, CI " (ex?), Ghana, Guinea, VU A2cd Kazakhstan China Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Ovis ammon darwini Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Naemorhedus caudatus evansi Mongolian Argali, Gobi Argali Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, " Evans' Long-tailed Goral EN CI Uganda, Zaire, Zambia VU " A2cd China, Mongolia Kobus ellipsiprymnus Laos?, Myanmar, Thailand Ovis ammon hodgsonii ellipsiprymnus Tibetan Argali Ellipsen Waterbuck Naemorhedus caudatus griseus VU >' A2cde LR ' cd South China Goral China, India, Nepal Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, VU " A2cd Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, China Ovis ammon jubata South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Northern Chinese Argali Naemorhedus caudatus raddeanus Zambia, Zimbabwe EN " Cl+2a, Dl Amur Goral China Kobus koh kob VU " A2cd Buffon's Kob China, North Korea, Russia, South Ovis ammon karelini ' LR cd Korea Tien Shan Argali Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Benin, VU " A2cde, Cl+2a Central African Republic, Chad, Naemorhedus goral bedfordi China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Cote d'lvoire, Gambia (ex), Ghana, Western Himalayan Goral Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, LR " nt Ovis ammon nigrimontana Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, India, Pakistan Kara Tau Argali Sierra Leone (ex), Togo CR " C2b Naemorhedus goral goral Kobus kob leucotis Kazakhstan Brown Himalayan Goral White-eared Kob Ovis LR " nt ammon polii LR ' nt Bhutan, China, India, Nepal Marco Polo Argali Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda VU " A2cde, CI Kobus kob thomasi Oreotragus oreotragus porteousi Afghanistan, China, Pakistan, Uganda Kob Western Klipspringer Tajikistan EN' Ale, CI LR ' cd Ovis canadensis californiana Nigeria Kenya (ex), Sudan, Riinrock Bighorn Tanzania (ex), Oryx gazella beisa LR " cd Uganda, Zaire Beisa Oryx Canada, USA ' cd Kobus leche kafuensis LR Ovis canadensis cremnobates Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Kafue Lechwe Peninsular Bighorn Sheep ' Uganda VU D2 Somalia, Sudan, EN " CH2a Zambia Oryx gazella callotis Mexico, USA Kobus leche leche Fringe-eared Oryx Ovis canadensis mexicana Red Lechwe ' LR cd Mexican Bighorn Sheep LR ' cd Tanzania Kenya, VU " Dl Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zaire, Mexico, USA Zambia Oryx gazella gazella Gemsbok Ovis canadensis nelsoni Kobus leche robertsi LR ' cd Nelson's Bighorn Roberts' Lechwe Angola, Botswana, Namibia, LR " cd EX ' South Africa, Zimbabwe USA Zambia ourebi haggardi Kobus leche smithemani Ourebia Ovis canadensis weemsi Black Lechwe Haggard's Oribi Weems' Bighorn Sheep VU ' CI " C2a VU ' D2 CR Zambia Kenya, Somalia Mexico Naemorhedus baileyi baileyi Ourebia ourebi keniae Ovis nivicola borealis Tibetan Red Goral Kenya Oribi Putorean Snow Sheep VU " A2cd EX ' VU " D2 China Kenya Russia

229 Subspecies and populations

Ovis nivicola nivicola Reduncafulvorufula adamauae Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus LR " nt Western Mountain Reedbuck Westen Bongo Russia EN ' CI LR ' nt Cameroon, Nigeria Benin (ex?), Cameroon, Central arkal Ovis orientalis African Republic, Congo, Cote Urial Reduncafulvorufula chanleri Transcaspian d'lvoire, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, " Chanler's Mountain Reedbuck VU A2cde Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo ' Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan LR nt (ex), Zaire Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, bocharensis Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci Ovis orientalis Uganda Bukhara Urial Eastern Bongo EN " Alcde,Cl+2a Redunca fulvorufula fulvorufula EN ' Bl+2b Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Southern Mountain Reedbuck Kenya, Uganda (ex) Uzbekistan LR ' cd Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Ovis orientalis cycloceros Order RODENTIA South Africa, Swaziland Afghan Urial Family APLODONTIDAE VU " CI Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata Afghanistan, Iran?, Pakistan, Apennine Chamois Aplodontia rufa nigra Turkmenistan EN " Dl Point Arena Mountain Beaver Italy VU «= Bl+2de Ovis orientalis gmelinii USA Armenian Mouflon Rupicapra rupicapra asiatica Aplodontia phaea VU " A2cde Turkish Chamois rufa " Point Reyes Mountain Beaver Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq?, DD »^ Turkey Turkey VU Bl+2e USA Ovis orientalis isphahanica Rupicapra rupicapra cartusiana Esfahan Mouflon Chartreuse Chamois Family SCIURTOAE VU " A2c CR " C2b, Dl Iran France Cynomys ludovicianus arizonensis Arizona Black-tailed Prairie Dog Ovis orientalis laristanica Rupicapra rupicapra caucasica DD »= Laristan Mouflon Caucasian Chamois Mexico, USA VU " A2c VU " CI Glaucomys sabrinus califomicus Iran Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia San Bernardino Flying Squirrel Ovis orientalis musimon Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica DD ''- European Mouflon Tatra Chamois USA " A2cde, Dl+2 " VU EN CI Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus France, Italy Poland, Slovakia Carolina Flying Squirrel Ovis orientalis ophion Saiga tatarica mongolica VU "^ A2c, B1-H2C Cyprus Mouflon Mongolian Saiga USA " EN Ala EN ' CI Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus Cyprus Mongolia Virginia Flying Squirrel VU "- A2c, B1-H2C Ovis orientalis punjabiensis Saiga tatarica tatarica Punjab Urial Russian Saiga USA " EN Alcde, Cl+2a VU ' Ala Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons Pakistan China (ex), Kazakhstan, Prince of Wales Island Flying Squirrel Ovis orientalis severtzovi Mongolia (ex), Russia, "2 A1c-h2c, B1-I-2C Severtzov's Turkmenistan EN Urial USA EN " A2cde,C2b Tragelaphus derbianus derbianus caligata sheldoni Uzbekistan Western Giant Eland Marmota Montague Island Hoary Marmot EN ' Cl+2b Ovis orientalis vignei DD " Cote d'lvoire (ex), Gambia (ex), Ladahk Urial USA EN " A2cde,Cl+2a Ghana (ex?), Guinea (ex?), Guinea-Bissau, Mali (ex?), Senegal, Marmota caligata vigilis India, Pakistan Togo (ex?) Glacier Bay Hoary Marmot Pseudois nayaur nayaur ' Tragelaphus derbianus gigas DD LR " nt Eastern Giant Eland USA Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan LR ' nt Sciurus niger avicennia Pseudois nayaur szechuanensis Cameroon, Central African Republic, Big Cypress Fox Squirrel LR " nt Chad (ex?), Nigeria (ex), Sudan, LR '- cd China Uganda (ex?), Zaire USA

230 Mammals •n

Sciurus niger cinereus Tamias minimus selkirki Thomomys mazama louiei Delmarva Fox Squirrel Selkirk Least Chipmunk Cathlamet Pocket Gopher LR ''- cd VU »= D2 CR »- Alc,C2b USA Canada USA

Sciurus niger shermani Tamias quadrivittatus australis Thomomys mazama pugetensis Sherman's Fox Squirrel Organ Mountains Chipmunk Olympia Pocket Gopher «= «^ LR »2 nt VU C2a, D2 VU Bl+2c USA USA USA Tamias nevadensis Thomomys Sciurus niger vulpinus umbrinus mazama tacomensis Hidden Forest Chipmunk Tacoma Pocket Gopher Eastern Fox Squirrel DD " CR «= Ala EX "- USA USA USA Tamias umbrinus sedulus Thomomys mazama tumuli Spermophilus brunneus brunneus Henry Mountains Chipmunk Rocky Prairie Pocket Gopher Norhem Idaho Ground Squirrel DD " VU "'- Bl+2c CR »- Bl+2d USA USA USA Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Thomomys mazama yelmensis Spermophilus brunneus endemicus grahamensis Yelm Prairie Pocket Gopher Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel Mount Graham Red Squirrel VU « Bl+2c " VU Bl+3d CR «= C2b USA USA USA Thomomys talpoides douglasi Spermophilus elegans nevadensis Vancouver Pocket Gopher "^ Nevada Ground Squirrel Family CASTORIDAE VU BI+2C DD »^ USA USA Castor canadensis phaeus Admiralty Island Beaver Family HETEROMYIDAE Spermophilus lateralis wortmanni DD " Green River Basin Golden-mantled USA Chaetodipus califomicus femoralis Ground Squirrel Dalzura Pocket Mouse DD « DD '- Family USA GEOMYIDAE Mexico, USA Geomys personatus maritimus Spermophilus parryii kodiacensis Chaetodipus fallax fallax Maritime Pocket Gopher Kodiak Ground Squirrel San Diego Pocket Mouse '- D2 '^ DD «^ VU DD USA USA Mexico, USA Geomys personatus streckeri Chaetodipus fallax pallidas Spermophilus parryii lyratus Carrizo Springs Pocket Gopher Mountain Spring Pocket Mouse St. Lawrence Island Ground Squirrel «= D2 " «= VU DD DD USA USA USA Geomys pinetis cumberlandius Dipodomys heermanni berkeleyensis Spermophilus parryii nebulicola Cumberland Island Picket Gopher Berkeley Hills Kangaroo Rat Shumagin Ground Squirrel VU »^ D2 »^ BI+2c ' VU DD USA USA USA Geomys pinetis fontanelus Dipodomys heermanni morroensis Spermophilus tereticaudus chlorus Sherman's Pocket Gopher Morro Bay Kangaroo-rat Palm Springs Round-tailed VU '- D2 CR »- Bl+2c, Dl Ground Squirrel USA USA « DD Geomys pinetis goffi Dipodomys merriami collinus USA Goff s Southeastern Pocket Gopher Earthquake Valley Kangaroo Rat '- « Spermophilus tridecemlineatus EX DD alleni USA USA Big Horn Thirteen-lined Ground Thomomys mazama couchi Dipodomys merriami parvus Squirrel Puget Sound Pocket Gopher San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat «^ DD VU «- Bl+2c DD "= USA USA USA

Tamias minimus atristriatus Thomomys mazama glacialis Dipodomys microps alfredi Pefiasco Least Chipmunk Roy Prairie Pocket Gopher Gunnison Island Kangaroo Rat "^ CR »- Ala, Dl VU »= Bl+2c DD USA USA USA

231 Subspecies and populations

Dipodomys microps leucotis Zapus trinotatus orarius Microtus longicaudus leucophaeus House Rock Valley Kangaroo Rat Point Reyes Jumping Mouse Mount Graham Long-tailed Vole VU "^ B1+2C LR «- cd DD «= USA USA USA

Dipodomys nitratoides exilis Microtus mogollonensis Fresno Kangaroo Rat hualpaiensis CR »- Bl+2c Family MURTOAE Huaiapai Vole «- USA Clethrionomys gapperi solus VU BI-f2c, D2 Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides Revillagigedo Island Red-backed USA Tipton Kangaroo Rat Vole Microtus montanus codiensis CR "= Ale DD »^ Cody Mountain Vole USA USA DD »= USA Microdipodops megacephalus Dicrostonyx unalascensis stevensoni atrirelictus Umnak Island Collared Lemming Microtus montanus fucosus Owyhee River Kangaroo Mouse DD '- Pahranagat Valley Montane Vole VU "2 D2 USA VU " D2 USA USA Dicrostonyx unalascensis Microdipodops megacephalus nexus unalascensis Microtus montanus nevadensis Izenhood Kangaroo Mouse Unalaska Island Collared Lemming Ash Meadows Montane Vole DD « DD «- VU »= D2 USA USA USA Microdipodops pallidas restrictus Microtus abbreviatus abbreviatus Microtus montanus zygomaticus Soda Spring Valley Kangaroo Mouse Hall Island Insular Vole Big Horn Montane Vole «= VU »^ D2 DD »' DD USA USA USA Microtus oeconomus amakensis Perognathus alticola alticola Microtus abbreviatus fisheri Amak Tundra Vole White-eared Pocket Mouse St Matthew Island Insular Vole «^ CR « Bl+2b DD «' DD USA USA USA Microtus oeconomus elymocetes Perognathus longimembris bangsi Microtus californicus mohavensis Montague Tundra Vole Palm Springs Pocket Mouse Mojave River Vole « DD «= DD VU '- Ald+2d, D2 USA USA USA Microtus oeconomus innuitus Perognathus longimembris Microtus californicus scirpensis St Lawrence Island Tundra Vole brevinasus Amargosa Vole Los DD "^ Angeles Pocket Mouse VU »- Bl-H3cd »^ USA VU B1+2C USA USA Microtus oeconomus popofensis Microtus californicus stephensi Perognathus longimembris Shumagin Islands Tundra Vole Stephen's California Vole «= internationalis «= DD DD USA Jacumba Pocket Mouse USA DD *= Microtus oeconomus punukensis Microtus Mexico, USA chrotorrhinus carolinensis Punuk Islands Tundra Vole Southern Rock Vole « Perognathus longimembris pacificus DD LR "= nt USA Pacific Pocket Mouse USA CR «- Bl+2c,Cl+2ab Microtus oeconomus sitkensis USA Microtus chrotorrhinus ravus Alexander Islands Tundra Vole Labrador Rock Vole DD «2 DD "= USA Family DIPODIDAE Canada Microtus pennsylvanicus Zapus hudsonius campestris Microtus longicaudus bemardinus dukecampbelli Black Hills Meadow Jumping Mouse San Bernardino Long-tailed Vole Florida Saltmarsh Vole " VU " Bl+2c DD VU " D2 USA USA USA Zapus hudsonius preblei Microtus longicaudus coronarius Microtus pennsylvanicus kincaidi Preble's Meadow Jumping Mouse Alexander Islands Long-tailed Vole Potholes Meadow Vole "- »^ EN Bl+2c DD LR " nt USA USA USA

232 I Mammals •n

Microtus townsendii cowani Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola Synaptomys cooperi paludis Triangle Island Vole Key Largo Cotton Mouse Kansas Bog Lemming LR »' cd VU ' D2 EX " Canada USA USA

Neotomafloridana smalli Peromyscus gossypinus restrictus Synaptomys cooperi relictus Key Largo Woodrat Chadwick Beach Cotton Mouse Nebraska Bog Lemming EN ^- C2b EX '' EX " USA USA USA Neotoma fuscipes annectens Peromyscus leucopus ammodytes San Francisco Dusky-footed Woodrat Monomy White-footed Mouse DD '^- DD " USA USA Order LAGOMORPHA Neotoma fuscipes luciana Peromyscus polionotus allophrys Family OCHOTONIDAE Monterey Dusky-footed Woodrat Choctawhatchee Beach Mouse Ochotona alpina hoffmanni <'- EN »= Bl+2c DD VU '" USA D2 USA Mongolia Peromyscus polionotus ammobates Neotoma fuscipes riparia Ochotona Alabama Beach Mouse census morosa San Joaquin Valley Woodrat '" '= DD «= EN Bl-^2c CR B1+2C China USA USA Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus Ochotona cansus sorella Neotoma lepida intermedia '" Ponce de Leon Beach EN A2d San Diego Desert Woodrat Mouse DD « EX '- China Mexico, USA USA Ochotona pallasi hamica Peromyscus polionotus leucocephabts CR ">* Ala+2d Onchomys leucogaster durranti Santa Rosa Beach Mouse China, Mongolia Durant's Northern Grasshoper Mouse LR « nt DD »= Ochotona pallasi sunidica USA USA EN '« A2d Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis China Onchomys torridus ramona St Andrews Beach Mouse Southern Grasshopper Mouse Ochotona princeps goldmani EN »"- Bl+2c DD '' VU '» Dl USA Mexico, USA USA Peromyscus polionotus phasma Onchomys torridus tularensis Ochotona princeps lasalensis Anastasia Island Beach Mouse Tulare Grasshopper Mouse VU "» Dl EN "- Bl+2c '^ USA DD USA USA Ochotona princeps nevadensis Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis VU "» Dl Ondatra zibethicus ripensis Perdido Key Beach Mouse Rio Grande Muskrat USA CR «- Bl+2c "^ DD USA Ochotona princeps nigrescens Mexico, USA '« Reithrodontomys raviventris VU Dl Onychomys leucogaster durranti halicoetes USA Durrant's Northern Grasshopper Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse Ochotona princeps obscura Mouse LR '- cd VU '" B1+2C DD "= USA USA USA Reithrodontomys raviventris Ochotona princeps sheltoni Onychomys torridus ramona raviventris VU '« Dl Southern Grasshopper Mouse Red-bellied Harvest Mouse USA «^ DD EN '- A2c, Bl+2c Mexico, USA USA Ochotona princeps tutelata VU '" B1-I-2C Onychomys torridus tularensis Sigmodon arizonae arizonae USA Tulare Grasshopper Mouse Arizona Cotton Rat DD *'- EX '^- Ochotona thihetana huangensis USA USA EN '" A2d China Oryzomys palustris natator Sigmodon fulviventer goldmani Marsh Rice Rat Hot Springs Cotton Rat Ochotona thibetana sikimaria DD « EX «^ CR "" Alac USA USA India

233 Subspecies and populations

Family LEPORIDAE Cyclura rileyi cristata Family COLUBRmAE Salvador Iguana San Rock natrix cetti Sylvilagus palustris hefneri Natrix CR » Bl+2e, C2b Lower Keys Marsh Rabbit Sardinian Grass Snake Bahamas " EN '" Alab, Bl+2cd, C2a, Dl CR A 1 ac, B 1 -l-2abcde, C2a USA Cyclura rileyi nuchalis Italy San Salvador Rock Iguana Natrix natrix schweizeri " EN Bl+2c,C2a CR " A 1 bcd-H2bcd, B 1 -H2bce, C2a Bahamas Greece

Class REPTILIA Cyclura rileyi rileyi San Salvador Rock Iguana Family ELAPIDAE Order SAURIA EN " C2a Notechis ater ater Bahamas Krefft's Tiger Snake Family AGAMmAE VU '" Bl+2c Tympanocryptis lineata pinguicolla Australia South-eastern Lined Earless Dragon Family LACERXmAE VU "• Ale, Bl+2c Lacerta vivipara pannonica Family VIPERTOAE Australia « VU Bl+2bcd,C2a Vipera ursinii moldavica Austria, Hungary CR " Bl+2abcde, Cl-H2a Romania Family IGUANTOAE Vipera ursinii rakosiensis Cyclura carinata bartschi Family PYGOPODIDAE Orsini's Viper Booby Cay Ground Iguana Aprasia rostrata rostrata EN " Bl-H2bcde, C2a " Bl+2bce, C2b Island Worm-lizard CR Hermite Austria (ex?), Hungary Bahamas VU '' D2 Cyclura carinata carinata Australia Order TESTUDINES Turks and Caicos Ground Iguana CR " Bl+2abcde Family CHELONimAE Family SCINCroAE Turks and Caicos Islands Chelonia mydas Egernia pulchra longicauda Cyclura cornuta comuta Green Turtle Jurien Bay Rock-skink VU '" Alacde (Mediterranean population) " D2 ' Dominican Republic, Haiti VU CR Ala, Bl+2ce, E Australia Cyprus, Turkey Cyclura comuta stejnejeri Egernia stokesii aethiops [Mediterranean and Black Sea] EN '»= Alcde+2ce " D2 Puerto Rico VU Australia Family TESTUDINIDAE Cyclura cychlura cychlura Egernia stokesii badia Geochelone nigra abingdoni Andros Island Rock Iguana Abingdon Island Tortoise " EN " Ale VU Alace, Bl+2b, CI EW '" Bahamas Australia Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Eulamprus tympanum marnieae Cyclura cychlura figginsi Geochelone nigra becki EN " Bl+2c Exuma Island Rock Iguana Volcan Wolf Tortoise " Australia EN CI VU ''"• D1-H2 Bahamas Ecuador (GalSpagos Is) Cyclura cychlura inornata Order SERPENTES Geochelone nigra chathamensis Allen's Cay Rock Iguana Chatham Island Tortoise EN " Bl+2c Family BOmAE VU "< Dl+2 Bahamas Epicrates monensis granti Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Cyclura nubila caymanensis Virgin Islands Boa Geochelone nigra darwini Cayman Island Ground Iguana EN '" Bl+2bcde James Island Tortoise CR " Bl+2abcde Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British), EN " C2a Cayman Islands Virgin Islands (US) Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Cyclura nubila tewisi Epicrates monensis monensis Geochelone nigra ephippium Cayman Island Ground Iguana Mona Island Boa Duncan Island Tortoise CR " BI+2bce,C2b EN '" C2b EW "' Cayman Islands Puerto Rico Ecuador (Galapagos Is)

Cyclura nubila nubila Morelia spilota imbricata Geochelone nigra galapagoensis Cuban Ground Iguana Western Australian Carpet Python Charles Island Tortoise '" VU " Alacde+2ce LR '" nt EX Cuba Australia Ecuador (GalSpagos Is)

234 Fishes: bony fishes

Geochelone nigra guntheri Class ACTINOPTERYGII Acipenser nudiventris (S) Sierra Negra Tortoise Ship Sturgeon EN "» C2a (R. Danube population) Order Ecuador (Galapagos Is) ACIPENSERIFORMES CR '™ Alcd+2cd Hungary, Romania Geochelone nigra hoodensis Family ACIPENSERIDAE Hood Island Tortoise Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Acipenser CR '" Dl baerii baerii Gulf Sturgeon Siberian Sturgeon Ecuador (Galapagos Is) LR "» nt EN '™ A2d Geochelone nigra microphyes Mexico, USA Russia Volcan Darwin Tortoise [Atlantic (western central)] [R. Ob, R. Taz] VU '" Dl+2 Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Acipenser baerii baikalensis Atlantic Sturgeon Baikal Sturgeon Geochelone nigra porteri LR '™ nt '™ Indefatigable Island Tortoise EN A lace Canada, USA EN '" C2a Russia [Atlantic (northwest, western [L. Baikal] Ecuador (Galapagos Is) central)] Geochelone nigra vandenburghi Acipenser baerii stenorrhynchus Acipenser persicus (S) Volcan Alcedo Tortoise Lena River Sturgeon Persian Sturgeon VU '" D2 VU '™ A2d (Black Sea stock) '™ Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Russia EN A lac [R. Yenisei, R. Lena and east Georgia, Russia, Turkey Geochelone nigra vicina Siberian rivers] [Mediterranean and Black Sea] Iguana Cove Tortoise EN "« C2a Acipenser gueldenstaedti (S) Acipenser persicus (S) Ecuador (Galapagos Is) Russian Sturgeon Persian Sturgeon (Caspian Sea stock) Testudo graeca nikolskii (Caspian Sea stock) '™ VU '™ Alacde CR " Alabcde+2bcde EN A2d Azerbaijan, Iran, Russia Georgia, Russia Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan Acipenser ruthenus (S) Sterlet Family TRIONYCHmAE Acipenser gueldenstaedti (S) Russian Sturgeon (Caspian and Black Sea drainage Trionyx triunguis (Sea of Azov stock) stock) African Softshell Turtle "" EN '™ Alacde+2d VU Alcd (Mediterranean population) Russia Hungary, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, CR ' C2a Yugoslavia [Mediterranean and Black Sea] Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey [Mediterranean and Black Sea] Acipenser gueldenstaedti (S) Acipenser ruthenus (S) Russian Sturgeon Class AMPHIBIA Sterlet (Black Sea stock) VU '™ Ale EN '" Alacde Order ANURA Russia Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, [R. Irtysh, R. Ob, R. Yenisei] Family HYLIDAE Yugoslavia [Mediterranean and Black Sea] Acipenser stellatus (S) Litoria verreauxii alpina Stellate Sturgeon Whistling Tree Frog Acipenser nudiventris (S) (Caspian Sea stock) VU •" A lac Sturgeon Ship VU "° Alacde+2d Australia (Black Sea stock) Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, '™ EN Alacde+2d Russia, Turkmenistan Family PELOBAXmAE Russia, Ukraine Acipenser stellatus (S) [Mediterranean and Black Sea] Pelobates fuscus insubricus Stellate Sturgeon Italian Spadefoot Toad Acipenser nudiventris (S) (Sea of Azov stock) EN " Ale, Bl+2cd Ship Sturgeon EN '™ A2d Italy, Switzerland (Caspian Sea stock) Russia EN "° Alacde+2d [Mediterranean and Black Sea] Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan Order CAUDATA Acipenser stellatus (S) Acipenser nudiventris (S) Stellate Sturgeon Family SALAMANDRmAE Ship Sturgeon (Black Sea stock) Salamandra atra aurorae (Aral Sea stock). EN '™ Alacde+2d Golden Salamander EX '™ Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, CR " Bl+2bc Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan Yugoslavia Italy [Mediterranean and Black Sea] [Mediterranean and Black Sea]

235 Subspecies and populations

Acipenser transmontanus (S) Phoxinellus zeregii fahirae Pegasus volitans (S) White Sturgeon Incilevrek Baligi (South China Sea stock) EN "" Ala, Bl+2ce VU '«' D2 VU "" A2d USA Turkey [Pacific (northwest)]

[R. Kootenai] Phoxinellus zeregii meandri Pegasus volitans (S) Huso huso (S) Ot Baligi (Philippines stock) Beluga LR '" nt VU "« A2d (Sea of Azov stock) Turkey [Pacific (northwest)] '" CR Alacde+2d Puntius asoka Russia Asoka Barb Order PERCIFORMES [Mediterranean and Black Sea] EN '" Ale, Bl+2c Huso huso (S) Sri Lanka Family PERCICHTHYIDAE Beluga Rhodeus atremius suigensis Maccullochella peelii mariensis (Black Sea stock) Suigen Zenitanago Mary River Cod '" EN Alacde+2d DD "" CR '" C2a Hungary, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Japan Australia Yugoslavia Rhodeus oceUatus smithi [R. Mary] [Mediterranean and Black Sea] Nippon Baratanago Huso huso (S) CR "" Alae, Bl+2e Family CICHLIDAE Beluga Japan (Caspian Sea stock) Cichlasoma urophtalmus ericymba EN '™ Alacde+2d Mojarra de Bulha " Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Order CHARACIFORMES DD Russia, Turkmenistan Mexico Family CHARACIDAE Huso huso (S) Harpagochromis guiarti complex Beluga Astyanax mexicanus jordani CR "'' Alace, Bl+2acd (Adriatic Sea stock) Sardina Ciega Uganda '" EX '™ VU Alac+2c, Bl+2c, D2 [L. Victoria] Mexico Italy Sarotherodon galileus "Ejagham" [Mediterranean and Black Sea] VU "* D2 Order SALMONIFORMES Cameroon Order CLUPEIFORMES [L. Ejagham] Family PLECOGLOSSIDAE Family CLUPEIDAE Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis Family XIPHimAE Clupeonella abrau muhlisi Ryukyu Ayu-fish Xiphias gladius (C) VU "» Bl+2c EN '»' Alac, B2abce+3abc (S)Times-Boldltalic"P9 Turkey Japan (Nansei-shoto) Swordfish (North Atlantic stock) Order CYPRINIFORMES Family SALMONmAE EN "' Albd Family CYPRINIDAE Stenodus leucichthys leucichthys [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Beloribitsa northwest, westem central)] Carassius carassius (S) '«' CI Crucian Carp EN Azerbaijan?, Kazakhstan, Russia Family LR "" nt SCOMBRIDAE Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Thunnus alalunga (C) (S) and Herzegovina?, Bulgaria, Croatia, Order CYPRINODONTirORMES Albacore Tuna Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, (North Atlantic stock) Family POECILiroAE Finland, France, Germany, Greece, VU '" Albd Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poeciliopsis occidentalis sonorensis [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, VU " Ala+2bc, Bl+2c northwest, westem central)] Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Mexico Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Thunnus alalunga (C) (S) Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Albacore Tuna Yugoslavia Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES (South Atlantic stock) '" Cyprinus carpio (S) CR Albd Family PEGASIDAE Wild Common Carp [Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast, southwest)] CR '»' A2ce Eurypegasus draconis (S) Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, VU '™ A2d Thunnus obesus (C) (S) Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Madagascar Bigeye Tuna Yugoslavia [Indian Ocean (eastern, westem). (Pacific stock) [R. Danube] Pacific (northwest, westem central)] EN "' Albd

236 Insects w

[Pacific (eastern central, northeast, Procambarus rogersi campestris Euploea algea schmeltzi northwest, southeast, southwest, VU ' B1+2C VU '" B1+2C western central)] USA Western Samoa Thunnus thynnus (C) (S) Procambarus rogersi expletus Euploea crameri albomaculata Northern Bluefin Tuna CR ' Bl+2c VU "" D2 (Western Atlantic stock) USA Indonesia CR "' Albd Procambarus rogersi ochlocknensis Euploea mulciber elwesii [Atlantic (northwest, southwest, VU ' Bl+2c, Dl VU '»' B1+2C western central)] USA Indonesia Thunnus thynnus (C) (S) Northern Bluefin Tuna Procambarus rogersi rogersi Euploea radamanthus schreiberi ' '" (Eastern Atlantic stock) VU Bl+2c, Dl VU B1+2C EN '" Albd USA Indonesia [Atlantic (eastern central, northeast, Paratica weiskei thalassina southeast)] Order ISOPODA VU "" B1+2C Family ASELLffiAE Indonesia Class CRUSTACEA Tirumala choaspes tumanana Asellus aquaticus carniolicus Sarangani Tiger EN '" A2e, Bl+2c Order AMPHIPODA VU "» D2 Slovenia Family HADZIffiAE Philippines Asellus aquaticus cavernicolus Hadziafragilis stochi VU '" D2 Order VU D2 Italy, Slovenia ODONATA Italy Asellus aquaticus cyclobranchialis Family AESHNIDAE EN '" Bl+2c Family NIPHARGIDAE Planaeschna ishigakiana Slovenia ishigakiana Niphargus elegans zagrebensis Proasellus parvani orientalis EN ''' B1+2C EN '" Bl+2bcde VU '» D2 Japan Croatia, Slovenia Slovenia Planaeschna ishigakiana nagaminei Niphargus ilidzensis slovenicus EN '-' B1+2C VU '" D2 Family SPHAEROMATIDAE Japan (Nansei-shoto) Slovenia Monolistra racovitzai conopyge Planaeschna risi sakishimana Niphargus orcinus orcinus EN '" B1+2C EN '-' Bl+2c VU '" D2 Slovenia Japan Italy, Slovenia Niphargus stygius stygius Family TRICHONISCroAE Family CALOPTERYGIDAE VU '" D2 Italy, Slovenia Androniscus stygius dentatus Matrona basilaris japonica VU '" D2 EN '" Bl+2c Order DECAPODA Slovenia Japan (Nansei-shoto) Family CAMBARIDAE Family COENAGRIONIDAE Orconectes australis packardi Class INSECTA Coenagrion hylasfreyi VU ' B1+2C Frey's Damselfly USA Order LEPIDOPTERA CR '^ Bl+2c Orconectes inermis testii Family NYMPHALmAE Austria, Germany, Switzerland VU ' B1+2C USA Danaus affinis jimiensis Megalagrion amaurodytum peles '»' D2 Pele Damselfly Orconectes meeki brevis VU Papua New Guinea CR '" Bl+2c VU ' B1+2C USA (Hawaiian Is) USA Danaus melanippus keteus VU "» B1+2C Seychellibasis alluaudi alluaudi Procambarus lucifugus alachua '" Indonesia CR Bl+2c Alachua Light-fleeing Cave Crayfish Seychelles VU ' Bl+2c, Dl Euploea algea abjecta USA Outcast Crow "" B1+2C Family CORDULEGASTERTOAE Procambarus lucifugus lucifugus VU Withlocoochee Light-fleeing Cave Palau Chlorogomphus brevistigmata Crayfish Euploea algea eleutho okinawanus '-' EN ' Bl+2c VU "« D2 EN Bl+2c USA Guam Japan (Nansei-shoto)

237 Subspecies and populations

Chlorogomphus brunneus brunneus Family PLATYCNEMIDAE Class GASTROPODA '" EN Bl+2c Coeliccia Jlavicauda masakii Order Japan (Nansei-shoto) EN '" Bl+2c Chlorogomphus brunneus Japan ARCHAEOGASTROPODA keramensis Coeliccia ryakyuensis amamii Family HELICINIDAE CR '" Bl+2c '" EN B1+2C Pleuropoma zigzac ponapense Japan (Nansei-shoto) Japan (Nansei-shoto) DD '" Coeliccia ryakyuensis ryukyuensis Federated States of Micronesia EN '" B1-I-2C Family CORDULIIDAE Pleuropoma zigzac zigZac Japan (Nansei-shoto) DD '" Hemicordulia mindana nipponica Federated States of Micronesia EN '" Bl+2c Class BIVALVIA Japan Order MESOGASTROPODA Order UNIONOTOA Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Family EUPHAEDOAE Family MARGARITITERIDAE Maizania hildebrandti thikensis Bayadera brevicauda ishigakiana Margaritifera margaritifera EN '" Bl-h2ac EN '" Bl+2c durrovensis Kenya Japan CR '" Alce-e2e Ireland Family HYDROBIIDAE Mexipyrgus churinceanus carranzae Family GOMPHmAE Family UNIONmAE Mexipyrgus de Carranza Snail Asiagomphus amamiensis Epioblasma florentina curtisi VU '" D2 amamiensis CR -' Alee Mexico EN '^' B1+2C USA Mexipyrgus churinceanus Japan (Nansei-shoto) Epioblasma obliquata obliquata churinceanus Asiagomphus amamiensis EN " A2c Mexipyrgus de Churince Snail okinawanus USA VU '« D2 EN '" Bl+2c Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua Mexico Japan (Nansei-shoto) CR -" Alee Mexipyrgus churinceanus Erpetogomphus lampropeltis USA escobedae lampropeltis Epioblasma torulosa gubemaculum Mexipyrgus de Escobeda Snail EN '" Bl+2c CR -" Ale VU '" D2 USA USA Mexico Ophiogomphus incurvatus Epioblasma torulosa rangiana Mexipyrgus churinceanus lugoi alleghaniensis CR -* Ale Mexipyrgus de Lugo Snail Alleghany Snaketail Dragonfly USA VU '" D2 '" VU A2c Epioblasma torulosa torulosa Mexico USA CR -' Ale Mexipyrgus churinceanus Stylogomphus ryukyuensis asatoi USA mojarralis EN '-' Bl-h2c Lampsilis reeviana brevicula Mexipyrgus de West El Mojarral Snail Japan (Nansei-shoto) LR " nt VU "" D2 Stylogomphus ryukyuensis USA Mexico watanabei Lampsilis reeviana reeviana '=' Mexipyrgus churinceanus EN Bl+2c VU -" A2c Japan (Nansei-shoto) USA multilineatus Mexipyrgus de East El Mojarral Snail Lampsilis straminea claibomensis VU '" D2 LR » nt Family LIBELLULmAE USA Mexico Eleuthemis beuttikoferi quadrigutta Lampsilis straminea straminea '" Order STYLOMMATOPHORA DD LR » nt Mozambique, Zimbabwe USA Family ACHATINELLIDAE Leucorrhinia intermedia ijimai Lasmigona complanata alabamensis Achatinella apexfulva vittata '" '" EN B1+2C LR '-' nt EX Japan USA USA (Hawaiian Is) Orthetrum poecilops miyajimaense Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica Achatinella bulimoides rosea '" EN '" B1+2C LR " nt EX Japan USA USA (Hawaiian Is) 4

238 I Molluscs: snails

Family ALYCAEIDAE Helminthoglypta expansilabris Family ORTHALICIDAE mattolensis Chamalychaeus itonis nakashimai Placostylus bivaricosus etheridgei Cape DD '" Shoulderband '» '" EX Japan DD USA Australia Family BRADYBAENIDAE Helminthoglypta nickliniana awania Nicklin's Peninsula Snail Family PARTULffiAE Chlorilis hungerfordiana rufopila '" "" DD Partula suturalis VU D2 USA Hong Kong Sutural Partula '" Helminthoglypta nickliniana EX Euhadra scaevola mikawa French Polynesia DD '" bridgesi DD '" Japan Partula suturalis strigosa USA EW '" French Polynesia Family BULIMULroAE Helminthoglypta nickliniana contracosta Partula suturalis vexillum Tomigenus gibberulus Digerus " DD EW '" EX "" USA French Polynesia Brazil Helminthoglypta sequoicola consors Partula taeniata Tomigenus turbinatus Biolocus DD '" EX '" EX '™ USA French Polynesia Brazil Helminthoglypta stiversiana miwoka Partula taeniata elongata Dented Peninsula Snail '" Family CAMAENIDAE EW '" DD French Polynesia Glyptorhagada wilkawillina USA Partula umbilicata taeniata nucleola Helminthoglypta stiversiana EW '" LR '" nt williamsi French Polynesia Australia '" DD Partula taeniata simulans USA Family CLAUSILIIDAE EW '" Monadenia fidelis minor French Polynesia Alopia bielzii clathrata DD '" LR "' nt USA Slovakia Family POLYGYRmAE Monadenia fidelis pronotis Macrogastra lineolata euzieriana Rocky Coast Sideband Mesodon clarki nantahala " LR nt DD '" Noonday Snail France USA DD " USA Family HELICmAE Monadenia mormonum buttoni DD '" Mesodon clausus trossulus Leptaxis erubescens portosancti USA Banded Mesodon VU '" D2 DD '" Monadenia mormonum hirsuta Portugal (Madeira) USA DD '" USA Stenotrema leai cheatumi Family DD '" HELMINTHOGLYPXroAE Monadenia yosemitensis USA yosemitensis Eremarionta indioensis cathedralis Indian Yosemite Snail Cathedral Desert Snail '" Family STREPTAXIDAE '" DD DD USA USA Gulella conradti reductidentata DD '" Eremarionta rowelli bakerensis Tanzania Baker Desert Snail Family OREOHELICmAE '" Gulella gouldi globulosa DD Oreohelix idahoensis idahoensis '" USA Idaho Banded Mountain Snail DD '" Tanzania Eremarionta rowelli mccoiana DD McCoy Desert Snail USA Gulella gwendolinae mkusiensis '" '" DD Oreohelix strigosa goniogyra DD Tanzania USA Carinated Striate Banded Mountain Helminthoglypta arrosa pomoensis Snail Gulella lomae lornae DD '" DD '" DD '" USA USA Tanzania

239 Subspecies and populations

Gulella lornae major Tanzania Family SUBULINIDAE '" DD GulelUi usagarica satura Opeas nothapalinus crenatum Tanzania DD "^ DD "- Gulella subhyalina addita Tanzania Tanzania "= DD TaylorUt urguessensis subangulata Pseudoglessula leroyi fascUUa Tanzania EN '" Bl+2ac DD '" T^enya. Gulella usagarica msambaa Tanzania DD '"

240 List?

Taxa removed from the 1996 Red List

Part 1 : Taxa listed in 1994, now Lower Risk : least concern

Class MAMMALIA Order CHIROPTERA Family CEBmAE Family PTEROPODroAE Alouatta palliata aequatorialis Order DIPROTODONTIA South Pacific Blackish Howling Pteropus anetianus Monkey Family PHALANGERffiAE White Flying-fox Phalanger lullulae Alouatta pigra Woodlark Island Cuscus Order PRIMATES Guatemalan Howler Spilocuscus kraemeri Ateles geoffroyi Family LEMURTOAE Admiralty Cuscus Geoffroy's Spider Monkey Eulemurfulvus albifrons Ateles paniscus White-fronted Lemur Family MACROPODIDAE Black Spider Monkey Eulemurfulvus fulvus Cacajao melanocephalus Petrogale lateralis Brown Lemur Black-footed Rock-wallaby Black Uakari Eulemurfulvus rufus Callicebus torquatus Red-fronted Lemur lucifer Widow Monkey Order INSECTIVORA Hapalemur griseus griseus Grey Gentle Lemur Chiropotes albinasus Family TENRECffiAE White-nosed Bearded Saki Geogale aurita Family MEGALADAPmAE Lagothrix lagotricha Large-eared Tenrec Common Woolly Monkey Lepilemur edwardsi Microgale brevicaudata Milne-Edwards' Sportive Lemur Pithecia aequatorialis Short-tailed Shrew-tenrec Lepilemur leucopus Equatorial Saki Microgale longicaudata White-footed Sportive Lemur Lesser Long-tailed Shrew-tenrec Lepilemur microdon Light-necked Sportive Lemur Order CARNIVORA Family CHRYSOCHLORIDAE Lepilemur mustelinus Family CANTOAE Amblysomus iris Greater Sportive Lemur Canis lupus Zulu Golden Mole Lepilemur ruficaudatus Grey Wolf Calcochloris obtusirostris Red-tailed Sportive Lemur Dusicyon griseus Yellow Golden Mole Grey Zorro Family INDRTOAE Family EREVACEEDAE Avahi laniger Woolly Lemur Family FELffiAE Atelerix frontalis South African Hedgehog Felis margarita Family GALAGONIDAE Sand Cat Galagoides thomasi Family SORICIDAE Leopardus wiedii Thomas's Dwarf Galago Margay Crocidura crenata Oncifelis colocolo Crocidura grassei Family CALLITRICHIDAE Pampas Cat Crocidura lanosa Callithrix intermedia Aripuana Marmoset Otocolobus manul Crocidura manengubae Pallas's Cat kuhli Crocidura maquassiensis Callithrix Profelis aurata Makwassie Wied's Marmoset Musk Shrew African Golden Cat Saguinus fuscicollis leucogenys Crocidura nimbae Andean Saddle-back Tamarin Paracrocidura maxima Family HYAENffiAE Saguinus tripartitus Sylvisorex ollula Golden-mantled Saddle-back Hyaena brunnea Sylvisorex vulcanorum Tamarin Brown Hyaena

241 Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List

Family OTARIIDAE Family GEOMYmAE Class AVES Neophoca cinerea Thomomys umbrinus emotus Order Australian Sea Lion Southern Pocket Gopher FALCONIFORMES Family ACCIPITRIDAE Family PHOCmAE Family HETEROMYroAE Milvus milvus Phoca vitulina stejnegeri Perognathus inomatus Red Kite Western Harbour Seal Pacific psammophilus Salinas Pocket Mouse Family FALCGNTOAE Order CETACEA Micrastur buckleyi Family NEOBALAElVroAE Family DIPODmAE Buckley's Forest-Falcon

Caperea marginata Zapus hudsonius luteus Order Pygmy Right Whale Meadow Jumping Mouse GRUIFORMES Family OXroiDAE Family DELPfflNmAE Chlamydotis undulata Delphinus delphis Family MURIDAE Houbara Bustard Dolphin Common Aethomys silindensis Globicephala melas Selinda Veld Rat Order PSITTACIFORMES Long-fmned Pilot Whale Batomys grand Family PSITTACroAE Lagenorhynchus acutus Luzon Forest Rat Atlantic White-sided Dolphin Pezoporus wallicus Delanymys brooksi Ground Parrot Lagenorhynchus albirostris Delany's Mouse White-beaked Dolphin Eliurus minor Lagenorhynchus cruciger Order PASSERIFORMES Gerbillus acticola Hourglass Dolphin Family TYRANNBDAE Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gerbillus muriculus Todirostrum senex Pacific White-sided Dolphin Gerbillus rosalinda Buff-cheeked Tody-Flycatcher Lissodelphis borealis Heimyscus fumosus Northern Right Whale Dolphin Family CAMPEPHAGmAE Peponocephala electro Hylomyscus baeri Coracina schistacea Melon- headed Whale Hylomyscus parvus Slaty Cuckooshrike Pseudorca crassidens Malacomys verschureni Coracina sula False Killer Whale Sula Microtus breweri Cicadabird Family PHYSETERIDAE Beach Vole Family MUSCICAPIDAE Kogia breviceps Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris Amytornis goyderi Pygmy Sperm Whale Southeastern Beach Mouse Eyrean Grasswren Kogia simus Sigmodon arizonae plenus Zoothera kibalensis Dwarf Sperm Whale Colorado River Cotton Rat Kibale Ground-Thrush Thamnomys venustus Order PERISSODACTYLA Wilfredomys oenax Family NECTARINIIDAE Family EQUIDAE Zelotomys woosnami Nectarinia buettikoferi Apricot-breasted Sunbird Equus kiang holdereri Eastern Kiang Nectarinia prigoginei Prigogine's Double-collared Sunbird Order LAGOMORPHA Order ARTIODACTYLA Family OCHOTONIDAE Family ZOSTEROProAE Family BOVmAE Ochotona alpina nitida Zosterops sanctaecrucis Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Nendo White-eye Balkan Chamois Ochotona nubrica Nubra Pika Class REPTILIA

Order RODENTIA Order CROCODYLIA

Family SCIURIDAE Family LEPORIDAE Family CROCODYLroAE Pteromys momonga Lepus othus Crocodylus porosus Small Japanese Flying-squirrel Alaskan Hare Estuarine Crocodile

242 Order RHYNCHOCEPHALIA Class AMPHIBIA Order ATHERINIFORMES Family SPHENODONTTOAE Order ANURA Family ATHERINIDAE Sphenodon punctatus Chilatherina axelrodi Family HYLffiAE Cook Strait Tuatara Axelrod's Rainbowfish Litoria castanea Craterocephalus kailolae Yellow-spotted Tree Frog Order SAURIA Kailola's Hardyhead Litoria dentata Glossolepis maculosus Family GEKKONIDAE Bleating Tree Frog Spotted Rainbowfish Hoplodactylus chrysosireticus Litoria lesueuri Melanotaenia catherinae Gold-striped Gecko Lesueur's Frog Waigeo Rainbowfish Hoplodactylus duvauceli Litoria verreauxii Melanotaenia iris Duvaucel's Gecko Whistling Tree Frog Strickland Rainbowfish Naultinus rudis Melanotaenia maylandi Rough Gecko Family HYPEROLiroAE Mayland's Rainbowfish Afrixalus aureus Melanotaenia misoolensis Golden Dwarf Reed Frog Family LACERXmAE Misool Rainbowfish Archaeolacerta monticola Melanotaenia papuae Iberian Rock Lizard Family LEIOPELMATmAE Papuan Rainbowfish Lacerta australis Leiopelma hochstetteri Pseudomugil connieae Southern Rock Lizard Hochstetter's Frog Popondetta Blue-Eye Pseudomugilfurcatus Family SCINCroAE Family LEPTODACTYLIDAE Forktail Blue-Eye

Cyclodina oliveri Paratelmatobius gaigeae Pseudomugil majusculus Marbled Skink Cape Blue-Eye Oligosoma notosaurus Family RANffiAE Rheocles alaotrensis Southern Skink Katrana Rana vertebralis Water Frog Telmatherina bonti Family VARANfflAE Class ACTINOPTERYGH Varanus flavescens Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Yellow Monitor Order CYPRINIFORMES Family APLOCHEILIDAE Family CYPREVmAE Pachypanchax omalonotus Order SERPENTES Chondrostoma wiltkommii Rivulus marmoratus Family VIPERIDAE Rivulus Discherodontus halei Vipera raddei Hemigrammocapoeta kemali Armenian Viper Family CYPRINGDONXroAE Leuciscus carolitertii Aphanius chantrei Order TESTUDI>fES Dislisazancik Baligi Family CATOSTOMIDAE Cyprinodon atrorus Family CHELIDAE Moxostoma atripinne Perrito del Bolson Emydura signata Blackfin Sucker Cyprinodon bifasciatus Brisbane Short-necked Turtle Perrito de Cuatro Cienegas Order SILURIFORMES Cyprinodon nazas Family EMYDmAE Family MOCHOKmAE Cachorrito del Aguanaval Mauremys annamensis Fundulus lima Chiloglanis swierstrai Annam Leaf Turtle Lowveld Suckermouth Killifish

Family TESTUDINIDAE Order SALMONIFORMES Order BELONIFORMES Gopherus berlandieri Texas Tortoise Family SALMONIDAE Family HEMIRAMPHIDAE Testudo marginata Coregonus artedii Zenacrhopterus roberisi Marginated Tortoise Cisco Robert's River Garfish L 243 Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List

Order SCORPAENIFORMES Order ISOPODA Family LIBELLULroAE Leucorrhinia albifrons Family COTTmAE Family SPHAEROMATmAE Leucorrhinia caudalis Myoxocephatus quadricornis Thermosphaeroma subequalum Fourhom Sculpin Class INSECTA Class BIVALVIA Order PERCIFORMES Order LEPIDOPTERA Order VENEROmA Family AMBASSIDAE Family NYMPHALIDAE Family Atnbassis elongatus TRmACNIDAE Euploea configurata Yellow-Fin Perchlet Tridacna crocea Sulawesi Striped Blue Crow Crocus Clam Euploea dentiplaga Family TERAPONTIDAE Seram Crow Pingalla gilberti Euploea doretta Class GASTROPODA Gilberts Grunter Pagenstecher's Crow Euploea eboraci Order MESOGASTROPODA Bismark Crow Family KUHLIIDAE Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Euploea eupator Kuhlia murginata Sulawesi Pied Crow Craspedoma costata Spotted Flagtail Euploea latifasciata Weymer's Crow Family TGXOTIDAE Ideopsis klassika Family HYDRGBITOAE Seram Small Tree-Nymph Toxotes oligolepis Bythinella reyniesii Big Scale Archerfish Parantica crowleyi Bythiospeum bressanum Crowley's Tiger

Parantica kirbyi Bythiospeum diaphanum Family CICHLIDAE Kirby's Tiger Graziana lacheineri Paratilapia polleni Parantica menadensis Graziana pupula Marakely Manado Yellow Tiger Moitessieria rolandiana Parantica pumila Least Tiger Moitessieria simoniana Family MUGILCDAE Parantica rotundata Myxus capensis Fat Tiger Family POMATIASroAE Freshwater Mullet Parantica weiskei Pomatias raricosta Weiske's Tiger Tirumala gautama Family ELEOTRIDAE Scarce Blue Tiger Order STYLOMMATOPHORA Hypseleotris aurea Golden Gudgeon Family PAPBLIONDDAE Family ARIONIDAE Mogurnda lineata Bhutanitis thaidina Geomalacus maculosus Kokoda Mogurnda Chinese Three-tailed Swallowtail Mogurnda orientalis Ornithoptera paradisea Eastern Mogurnda Paradise Birdwing Family BULIMULroAE Ratsirakia legendrei Papilio acheron Napaeus pygmaeus Papilio toboroi

Papilio weymeri Class CRUSTACEA Family CAMAENIDAE Order ANOSTRACA Order ODONATA Amplirhagada elevata Prymnbriareus nimberlinus Family BRANCHINECTIDAE Family GOMPHroAE lampropeUis Setobaudinia collingii Branchinecta gigas Erpetogomphus

Giant Fairy Shrimp Ophiogomphus cecilia Torresitrachia crawfordi 1

244 1 Family CHAROPIDAE Family GEOMITRIDAE Family PUPILLIDAE

Semperdon heptaptychius Disculella maderensis Leiostyla fusca

Leiostyla vincta Family CHONDREMIDAE Family HELICARIONIDAE Pupilla pupula Solatopupa guidoni Helicarion australis

Family STREPTAXIDAE Family COCHLICOPmAE Family HELICELLIDAE Gonospira funicula Cochlicopa nitens Cymotheba Corsica Gulella plantii

Family ENIDAE Family HELICIDAE Family VERTIGEMDAE 'Napaeus' alabastrinus Elona quimperiana GUtenbergeri turriplana Cylindrovertilla kingi Hemicycla modesta Family EUCONULIDAE Hemicycla plicaria Family VITRINroAE Ctenopkila salaziensis Trissexodon constrictus Phenacolimax atlantica

Part II : Taxa listed in 1994, now Not Evaluated

Class MAMMALIA Procolobus badius tholloni Family CASTORroAE Thollon's Red Colobus Castor canadensis frondator Family VESPERTILIONIDAE Broad-tail Beaver Order CARNIVORA Lasiurus cinereus semotus Castor canadensis mexicanus Hawaiian Hoary Bat Rio Grande Beaver Castor Myotis formosus bartelsi Family MUSTELmAE fiber birulai Barter sMyotis Mongolian Beaver Lutra longicaudis longicaudis La Plata Otter Family MURffiAE Order PRIMATES Lutra lutra lutra Microtus mexicanus navaho European Otter Family LEMURIDAE Microtus pennsylvanicus Eulemurfulvus mayottensis chihuahuensis Mayotte Lemur Order ARTIODACTYLA Chihuahua Vole Reithrodontomys megalotis limicola Family CERCOPITHECIDAE Family BOVIDAE Southern Marsh Harvest Mouse Cercocebus albigena aterrimus Ammotragus lervia omatus Black Mangabey Egyptian Barbary Sheep Order MACROSCELroEA Cercocebus torquatus torquatus Ovis orientalis orientalis Family MACRGSCELmroAE Collared Mangabey Red Sheep Macacafuscata yakui Petrodromus tetradactylus sangi Four-toed Elephant-shrew Yakushima Macaque Order RODENTIA Macaca ochreata brunnescens Rhynchocyon cirnei cirnei Muna-Butung Macaque Family SCIURTOAE Chequered Elephant-shrew Macaca pagensis pagensis Glaucomys volans goldmani Rhynchocyon cirnei hendersoni Mentawai Macaque Mexican Flying Squirrel Henderson's Chequered Elephant-shrew Macaca tonkeana hecki Glaucomys volans guerreroensis Heck's Macaque Guerrero Flying Squirrel Class AVES Procolobus badius ellioti Glaucomys volans oaxacensis Elliot's Red Colobus Oaxaca Rying Squirrel Order STRIGIFORMES Procolobus badius oustaleti Ratufa indica dealbata Oustalet's Red Colobus Dangs Giant Squirrel Family STRIOmAE Procolobus badius tephrosceles Ratufa indica elphinstoni Otus magicus albiventris Uganda Red Colobus Maharashtra Giant Squirrel Flores Scops-Owl

245 Taxa removed from the 1996 Red List

Ottts spilocephalus stresemanni Nerodia fasciata taeniata Class Sumatran Scops-Owl Atlantic Saltmarsh Snake CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI Nerodia harteri paucimaculata Order CORACIIFORMES Concho Water Snake Order Nerodia sipedon insularum PETROMYZONTIFORMES Family ALCEDEVIDAE Lake Erie Water Snake Todirhamphus cinnamominus Family PETROMYZONXroAE miyakoensis Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia Lampetra tridentata ssp. Kingfisher San Francisco Garter Snake Ryukyu Pacific Lamprey

Family VIPERffiAE Order PASSERIFORMES Class ACTINOPTERYGn Crotalus willardi obscurus Family COTINGroAE New Mexican Ridge-nosed Laniisoma elegans elegans Rattlesnake Order CYPRINIFORMES Shrike-like Cotinga Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana Family CYPRINmAE Class REPTILIA Transcaucasian Long-nosed Viper Cyprinella sp. Sardinita Nazas Order SAURIA Order TESTUDEVES Dionda episcopa ssp. Family AMELLffiAE Roundnose Minnow Family EMYDTOAE Anniella pulchra nigra Gila bicolor ssp. Black Legless Lizard Trackemys scripta callirostris Tui Chub Colombian Slider Gila robusta ssp. Family IGUANffiAE Trachemys stejnegeri malonei Roundtail Chub Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei Inagua Island Turtle Lepidomeda mollispinis ssp. San Diego Homed Lizard Trachemys terrapen felis Virgin Spinedace Cat Island Freshwater Turtle Family LACERTTOAE Pseudorasbora pumila ssp. Ushimotsugo Podarcis filfolemis filfolensis Filfola Lizard Family TESTUDINffiAE Rhinichthys cataractae ssp. Longnose Dace Testudo graeca graeca Family SCINCIDAE Spur-thighed Tortoise Rhinichthys osculus ssp. Speckled Dace Eulamprus tympanum ssp. Testudo hermanni boettgeri Dreeite Water Skink Eastern Hermann's Tortoise Gongylomorphus bojerii fontenayi Macabe Forest Skink Family CATOSTOMIDAE

Catostomus sp. Class AMPfflBIA Family VARANTOAE Salish Sucker Catostomus catostomus lacustris Varanus griseus caspius Order ANURA Central Asian Desert Monitor Jasper Longnose Sucker

Family DISCOGLOSSroAE Catostomus clarki intermedius Order SERPENTES Discoglossus jeanneae White River Sucker Family BOmAE Catostomus dicobolus yarrowi Family Zuni Bluehead Sucker Charina bottae umbratica HYLffiAE Rubber Boa Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis Catostomus occidentalis lacusanserinus Epicrates striatus fosteri Illinois Chorus Frog Goose Lake Sucker Bahamas Boa Catostomus rimiculus ssp. Order CAUDATA Family COLUBRroAE Jenny Creek Sucker Drymarchon corais couperi Family AMBYSTOMATIDAE Chasmistes liorus liorus June Sucker Eastern Indigo Snake Ambystoma dumerilii dumerilii Masticophis flagellum ruddocki Lake Patzcuaro Salamander Chasmistes liorus mictus June Sucker San Joaquin Coachwhip Ambystoma macrodactylum Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus croceum Moxostoma sp. Almeda Striped Racer Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander Bighead Redhorse

246 J Order SILURIFORMES Empetrichthys latos pahrump Mogurnda sp. 6 Pahrump Ranch Poolfish Malas Gudgeon Family ICTALURIDAE Mogurnda adspersa Ictalurus sp. Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES Purple Spotted Gudgeon Bagre de Cuatro Cienegas Family GASTEROSTEroAE Family BAGRmAE Gasterosteus sp. 1 Family GOBimAE Pseudobagrus sp. Giant Stickleback Glossogobius sp. 1 Gibachi Gasterosteus sp. 2 Mountain Goby Enos Stickleback Glossogobius sp. 2 Family PLOTOSIDAE Gasterosteus aculeatus santaeannae Irian Goby Santa Stickleback Neosilurus sp. 1 Ana Glossogobius sp. 3 Dalhousie Catfish Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni Robert's Goby Neosilurus sp. 2 Unarmored Threespine Stickleback Glossogobius sp. 4 Cooper Creek Tandan Pungitius sp. Bluntsnout Goby Neosilurus sp. 3 Musashitomiyo False Spine Catfish Glossogobius sp. 5 Sentani Goby Tandanus sp. Order PERCIFORMES Belinger River Tandan Glossogobius sp. 6 Family TERAPGNXroAE Fly River Goby Scortum sp. Order SALMONIFORMES Glossogobius sp. 7 Angalarri Grunter Kutubu Goby Family SALMONIDAE Glossogobius sp. 8 Family CENTRARCHTOAE Coregonus sp. 1 Bighead Goby Opeongo Whitefish Lepomis megalotis ssp. Glossogobius sp. 9 Coregonus sp. 2 Mojarra de Cuatro Cienegas Ramu Goby Squanga Whitefish Micropterus salmoides ssp. Glossogobius sp. 10 Oncorhynchus sp. Robalo de Cuatro Cienegas Mulgrave Goby Trucha de Yaqui Pseudogobiopsis sp. Oncorhynchus clarki ssp. Family ELASSOMATmAE Red-spotted Goby Cutthroat Trout Elassoma sp. Spring Pygmy Sunfish Order OPHIDIIFORMES Family PERCTOAE Class CRUSTACEA Family BYTHITmAE Etheostoma sp. Typhliasina sp. Dardo de Cuatro Cienegas Order ANASPmACEA Nueva Dama Ciega Family ANASPIDIDAE Family CICHLIDAE Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Anaspides sp. Oreochromis alcalicus grahami Syncarid Shrimps Family CYPRINODONTIDAE Lake Magadi Tilapia

Cyprinodon eximius ssp. Conchos Pupfish Family EMBIOTOCroAE Order ISOPODA Cyprinodon macularius ssp. Hysterocarpus traskipomo Family PHREATOICIDAE Desert Pupfish Russian River Tule Perch Mesacanthotelson setosis Cyprinodon nevadensis ssp. Amargosa Pupfish Family ELEOTRIDAE Family STYLONISCIDAE Cyprinodon salinus milleri Mogurnda sp. I Cottonball Marsh Pupfish False-Spotted Gudgeon Styloniscus sp. 1 Cyprinodon salinus salinus Mogurnda sp. 2 Salt Creek Pupfish Flinders Ranges Gudgeon Class INSECTA Mogurnda sp. 3 Family GOODEroAE Karamui Gudgeon Order BLATTARIA Empetrichthys latos concavus Mogurnda sp. 4 Raycraft Ranch Poolfish Wau Gudgeon Family BLATTIDAE

Empetrichthys latos latos Mogurnda sp. 5 Aspiduchus cavernicola Pahnimp Poolfish Highlands Gudgeon Tuna Cave Roach

247 Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List

Order COLEOPTERA Cicindela marginata Brown-tassel Weevil Tiger Beetle Trigonoscuta dorothea dorothea Family ANOBIIDAE Cicindela nevadica olmosa Dorothy's El Segundo Dune Weevil Holcobius pikoensis Los Olmos Tiger Beetle Trigonoscuta doyeni Piko Anobiid Beetle Cicindela nigrocoerula subtropica Doyen's Dune Weevil Subtropical Blue-Black Tiger Beetle Unas piceus Family ANTHICmAE Cicindela obsoleta neojuvenalis Anthicus antiochensis Neojuvenile Tiger Beede Family DYTISCIDAE Antioch Dunes Beetle Cicindela tranquebarica viridissima Agabus rumppi Greenest Tiger Beetle Death Valley Agabus Diving Beetle Family CARABIDAE Aglymbus bimaculatus Agonum belleri Family CURCULIONIDAE Belief's Ground Beetle Aglymbus bromeliarum Anagotus fairbumi Colymbetes piceus Aplothorax burchelli Flax Weevil Deronectes costipennis Mormolyce phyllodes Anagotus stephenensis Ghost Walker Beetle Stephen's Island Weevil Deronectes wewatkai

Rhadine persephone Anagotus turbotti Desmopachria conchramis Tooth Cave Ground Beetle Turbott's Weevil Fig Seed Diving Beetle shenandoah Sphaeroderus schaumi Deinocossonus nesiotes Dytiscus lapponicus disjunctus Blue Ridge Ground Beetle Schaum's Oahu Nesiotes Weevil Haideoporus texanus Dysticheus rotundicollis Texas Cave Beetle Family CERAMBYCIDAE Antioch Dune Weevil Hydaticus decorus Aeschrithmysus dubautianus Hadramphus spinipennis Hydaticus okalehubyi Aeschrithmysus swezeyi Coxella Weevil Hydroporus elusivus Aeschrithmysus terryi Hadramphus stilbocarpae Elusive Diving Beetle Weevil Crossidius mojavensis mojavensis Knobbled Hydroporus folkertsi Mojave Rabbitbrush Longhom Beetle Heteramphus filicum Folkert's Diving Beetle Desmocerus californicus dimorphus Heterexis seticostatus Hydroporus hirsutus Valley Elderberry Longhom Beetle Karocolens pittospori Woolly Diving Beetle Dryobius sexnotatus Lyperobius huttoni Hydroporus humilis Six-banded Longhom Beetle Wellington Speargrass Weevil Hydroporus leechi Necydalis rudei Megacolabus sculpturatus Leech's Skyline Diving Beetle Rude's Longhom Beetle Microcryptorhynchus orientissimus Hydroporus mariannae Nesithmysus bridwelli Miloderes nelsoni Hydroporus oasis Nesithmysus frobesi Nelson's Weevil Hydroporus productus Nesithmysus haasi Miloderes rulieni Hydroporus spangleri Nesithmysus swezeyi Rulien's Weevil Spangler's Diving Beetle

Nesotocus giffordi Hydroporus sulphurius Family CHRYSOMELmAE Gifford's Weevil Sulphur Springs Diving Beetle Donacia idola Nesotocus kauaiensis Hydroporus utahensis Bog Idol Leaf Beetle Kauai Weevil Utah Diving Beetle Nesotocus munroi Hygrotus curvipes Family CICINDELIDAE Munro's Weevil Curved-foot Diving Beetle Cicindela arenicola Nothaldonis peaci Hygrotus diversipes Idaho Dunes Tiger Beetle Oclandius laeviusculus Narrow-foot Diving Beetle Cicindela cazieri Hygrotus fontinalis Cazier's Tiger Beetle Onchobarus langei Diving Beetle Lange's El Segundo Dune Weevil Travertine Band-thigh Cicindela chlorocephala smythi Hygrotus sylvanus Smyth's Tiger Beetle Pentarthrum obscura Obscure Weevil Sylvan Diving Beetle Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis Hyphydrus dani North-eastern Beach Tiger Beetle Pentarthrum pritchardias Lacconectus birmanicus Cicindela latesignata obliviosa Rhyncogonus hendersoni Oblivious Tiger Beetle Stenotrupis pritchardiae Lacconectus corayi Cicindela limbata albissima Nihoa Weevil Lacconectus heinertzi I Coral Pink Dunes Tiger Beetle Trigonoscuta brunnotesselata Lacconectusjavanicus

248 i Lacconectus laccophiloides Optioservus browni Chaetarthria utahensis Lacconectus minutus Brown's Riffle Beetle Utah Water Scavenger Beetle Lacconectus muluensis Optioservus canus Cymbiodyta arizonica Pinnacles Riffle Beetle Arizona Water Scavenger Lacconectus oceanicus Beetle Optioservus phaeus Hydrochara Lacconectus pulcher rickseckeri Scott Riffle Beetle Ricksecker's Water Scavenger Beetle Lacconectus punctatus Stenelmis calida calida Paracymus seclusus Lacconectus punctipennis Devil's Hole Warm Spring Riffle Seclusive Water Scavenger Beetle Lacconectus ritsemae Beetle Lacconectus sabahensis Stenelmis calida moapa Family LAMPYRIDAE Moapa Warm Springs Riffle Beetle Platynectes buruensis Micronaspis floridana Stenelmis douglasensis Platynectes decastigma Florida Intertidal Firefly Douglas Riffle Beetle Pleurodytes dineutoides Photuris brunnipennis floridana Zaitzeva thermae Everglades Browing Firefly Potamonectes canariensis Warm Spring Riffle Beetle Potamonectes cazorlensis Family LUCANIDAE Potamonectes insignis Family EUCNEMIDAE Apterocychus honoluluensis Potamonectes lanceolatus Paleoxenus dohmi Kauai Flightless Stag Beetle Dohm's Elegant Eucnemid Beetle Potamonectes walkeri Dorcus auriculatus

Rhantus crypticus Dorcus ithaginis Family GEOTRUPIDAE Rhantus limbatus Typhaeus hiostius Sandracottus baeri Family MELOIDAE Sandracottus bizonatus Lytta hoppingi Family GYRINIDAE Hopping's Sandracottus chevrolati Blister Beetle Spanglerogyrus albiventris Sandracottus Lytta inseperata maculatus Red Hills Unique Whirligig Beetle Mojave Desert Blister Beetle Sandracottus rotundatus Lytta mirifica Family HALIPLmAE Anthony Blister Beetle Family ELATERTOAE Brychius hungerfordi Lytta moesta Hungerford's Crawling Water Beetle Amychus candezei Moestan Blister Beetle Chatham Island Amychus Haliplus nitens Lytta molesta Disjunct Crawling Water Beetle Amychus granulatus Molestan Blister Beetle Cook Strait Amychus Lytta morrisoni Eanus hatchi Family HYDRAENmAE Morrison's Blister Beetle Gymnochthebius maureenae Family ELIVUNTHEDAE Maureen's Minute Moss Beetle Family PSEPHENTOAE Atractelmis wawona Hydraena maureenae Acneus beeri Wawawona Riffle Beetle Maureen's Moss Beetle Beer's False Water Penny Beetle Cylloepus parkeri Limnebius aridus Acneus burnelli Parker's Riffle Beetle Animas Minute Moss Beetle Bumell's False Water Penny Beetle Dubiraphia brunnescens Limnebius texanus Alabamaubria starki Brownish Riffle Beetle Texas Minute Moss Beetle Stark's False Water Penny Beetle

Dubiraphia giulianii Limnebius utahensis Dicranopselaphus variegatus Giuliani's Riffle Beetle Utah Minute Moss Beetle Variegated False Water Penny Beetle Dubiraphia parva Ochthebius crassalus Psephenus arizonensis Little Riffle Beetle Wing-shoulder Minute Moss Beetle Arizona Water Penny Beetle Dubiraphia robusta Ochthebius putnamensis Psephenus montanus Robust Riffle Beetle Indiana Minute Moss Beetle White Mountains Water Penny Beetle Heterelmis stephani Ochthebius recticulus Stephan's Riffle Beetle Wilbur Springs Minute Moss Beetle Family SCARABAEIDAE Huleechius marroni carolus Aegialia haroyi Marron's San Carlos Riffle Beetle Family HYDROPHILIDAE Hardy's Scarab Beetle Microcylloepus browni Chaetarthria leechi Aegialia magnifica Brown's Riffle Beetle Leech's Water Scavenger Beetle Large Scarab Beetle

249 Taxa removed from the 1996 Red List

Anomala exigua Family TROGmAE Asaphomyia floridensis Florida Asaphomyian Tabanid Fly Exiguous Scarab Beetle Trox howelli Anomala eximia Caracara Commensal Scarab Beetle Asaphomyia texanus Archbold Scarab Beetle Texas Asaphomyian Tabanid Fly Merycomyia brunnea Anomala tibialis Order COLLEMBOLA Tibial Scarab Beetle Brown Merycomyian Tabanid Fly Family NEANURIDAE Aphodius fordi Ford's Beetle Acanthanura dendyi Order EPHEMEROPTERA Aphodius troglodytes Acanthanura sp. Family BAETDDAE Tortoise Commensal Scarab Beetle tasmaniae Megalanura Heterocleon berneri Ataenius superficialis Womersleymeria bicornis Bemer's Two-winged Mayfly Big Pine Key Dung Beetle Womersleymeria sp. I Ataenius woodruffi Womersleymeria sp.2 Family BEHNESGimAE Woodruffs Dung Beetle Dolania americana Copris gopheri Order DIPTERA American Sand-burrowing Mayfly Tortoise Commensal Scarab Beetle Cyclocephala miamiensis Family ACROCERroAE Family CAENmAE Miami Roundhead Scarab Beetle Eulonchus marialiciae Brachycercus flavus Dynastes hercules glaseri Mary Alice's Small-headed Fly Yellow Mayfly Dynastes hercules hercules Hercules Beetle Family APIOCERIDAE Family EPHEMERELLmAE

Dynastes hercules reidi Raphiomydas triochilus Ceratella frisoni Hercules Beetle Valley Mydas Fly Prison's Mayfly Glaresis arenata Ceratella spiculosa Kelso Dune Scarab Beetle Family ASILIDAE Spicluose Mayfly Gronocarus multispinosus Cophura hurdi Ephemerella argo Scarab Beetle Spiny Florida Sandhill Antioch Robberfly Argo Mayfly Lichnanthe albopilosa Efferia antiochi Scarab Beetle White Sand Bear Antioch Robberfly Family EPHEMERmAE Lichnanthe ursina Metapogon hurdi Ephemera compar Bear Scarab Beetle Pacific Sand Hurd's Robberfly Colorado Burrowing Mayfly Mycotrupes pedester Ephemera triplex Scrub Island Burrowing Scarab Family ASTEIIDAE West Virginia Burrowing Mayfly Beetle Bryania bipunctata Onthophagus polyphemi Nihoa Two-spotted Asterid Fly Family HEPTAGENIIDAE Tortoise Commensal Scarab Beetle Pseudirion meridionalis Oryctes chevrolati Family EMPromAE Meridion Blackwater Mayfly Peltotrupes youngi Chersodromia hawaiiensis Ocala Burrowing Scarab Beetle Family OLIGONEURIIDAE Hawaiian Dance Fly Polylamina pubescens Homoeoneuria cahabensis Woody Gulf Dune Scarab Beetle Family EPHYDRIDAE Cahaba Sand-filtering Mayfly Polyphylla anteronivea Paracoenia calida Homoeoneuria dolani Saline Valley Snow-front Scarab Wilber Springs Shore Fly Blackwater Sand-filtering Mayfly Polyphylla avittata Spotted Warner Valley Dunes Scarab SIPHLONURIDAE Family MYCETOPHILroAE Family Polyphylla barbata Ameletus falsus Arachnocampa tasmaniensis Barbate Scarab Beetle False Mayfly Polyphylla nubila Isonychia diversa Family SYRPHmAE Atascodera Scarab Beetle Diverse Mayfly Serica frosti Mixogaster delongi Frost's Spring Scarab Beetle Delong's Flower Fly Order HEMIPTERA Serica tantula Tantula Scarab Beetle Family TABANIDAE Family BELOSTOMAXroAE Trigonopelastes floridana Apatalestea rossi Belostoma saratogae Scrub Palmetto Flower Scarab Beetle Ross's Apatalestes Tabanid Fly Saratoga Springs Bug

250 Family LYGAEIDAE Nesidiolestes selium Family TETTIGARCXroAE Selium Wingless Thread Bug Metrarga obscura Tettigarcta tormentosa Mauna Loa Seed Bug Siacella smithi Smith's Reduviid Neseis alternatus Bug Order Kauai Band-legged Seed Bug HYMENOPTERA Family RHOPALmAE Neseis haleakalae Family ANDRENIDAE Mount Haleakala Seed Bug Ithamar annectans Perdita hirticeps Annectans Bug luteocincta Nesocryptias villosa Yellow Banded Andrenid Bee Villosan Flightless Seed Bug Ithamar hawaiiensis Hawaiian Bug Perdita scitula antiochensis Nysius frigatensis Antioch Andrenid Bee French Frigate Shoal Seed Bug Order HOMOPTERA Nysius neckerensis Family BETHYLIDAE Necker Goosefoot Seed Bug Family APHIDmAE Sclerodermus nihoaensis Nysius nihoae Ceriferella leucopogonis Nihoa Sclerodermus Wasp Nihoae Seed Bug Nysius sulfusus Family CICADELLIDAE Family EUPELMIDAE Necker Bunchgrass Seed Bug Felexamia rubranura Eupelmus nihoaensis Oceanides bryani Red-veined Prairie Leafhopper Nihoa Eupelmus Wasp Bryan's Seed Bug Oceanides perkensi Family CICADIDAE Family MUTILLffiAE Perkin's Oceanides Seed Bug Maoricicada myersi Myrmosula pacifica Oceanides rugosiceps Myers' Cicada Antioch Mutillid Wasp Rough-headed Seed Bug Family CIXimAE Family SPHECIDAE Family MACROVELimAE Oliarus consimilis Oravelia pege Kauai Parti-coloured Planthopper Deinomimesa hawaiiensis Hawaiian Sphecid Dry Creek Cliff Strider Bug Oliarus discrepans Wasp Wild Cotton Planthopper Deinomimesa punae Wasp Family MESOVELIIDAE Oliarus lanaiensis Puna Sphecid Lanai Planthopper Ectemnius curtipes Cavaticovelia aaa Short-foot Sphecid Wasp Aaa Water Treader-Bug Oliarus lihue Lihue Planthopper Ectemnius fulvicrus Brown Cross Sphecid Wasp Family MIRIDAE Oliarus myoporicola Barber's Point Planthopper Ectemnius giffardi Cyrtopeltis phyllostegiae Giffard's Sphecid Wasp Mirid Leaf Bug Family DELPHACmAE Ectemnius haleakalae Kalania hawaiiensis Nesorestias filicicola Haleakala Sphecid Wasp Lanai Leaf Bug Mt Tantalus Shortwing Fern Ectemnius nesocrabo bidecoratus Planthopper Bidecoratus Sphecid Wasp Family NAUCORIDAE Nesosydne acuta Eucerceris ruficeps Ambrysus amargosus lao Valley Planthopper Redheaded Sphecid Wasp Ash Meadows Bug Nesosydne bridwelli Nesomimesa kauaiensis Bridewell's Planthopper Pelocoris shoshone Kauai Sphecid Wasp Amargosa Bug Nesosydne cyrtandrae Nesomimesa perkins Nahiku Planthopper Nesomimesa sciopteryx Family REDUViroAE Nesosydne cyrtandricola Shade-winged Sphecid Wasp Empicoris pulchrus Glenwood Planthopper Philanthus nasalis Pulchrus Thread Bug Nesosydne kuschei Antioch Sphecid Wasp Nesidiolestes ana Kusche's Planthopper Ana Wingless Thread Bug Nesosydne leahi Planthopper Family VESPTOAE Nesidiolestes insularis Diamond Head Mount Tantalus Wingless Thread Nesosydne longipes Odynerus niihauensis Bug Long-footed Planthopper Niihau Vespid Wasp Nesidiolestes roberti Nesosydne sulcata Odynerus soror Robert's Wingless Thread Bug Keanae Planthopper Soror Vespid Wasp

251 Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List

Order LEPIDOPTERA Rare Skipper Lepidochrysops methymna dicksoni Pseudocopaeodes eunus eunus Lepidochrysops areas areas Family ACRAEIDAE Wandering Skipper Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis Acraea hova Syrichtus cribrellum Lotis Blue Acraea sambavae Spinose Skipper Lycaeides melissa samuelis Syrichtus tessellum Kamer Blue Family CARPOSINTOAE Tessellated Skipper Lycaena dorcas claytoni Heterocrossa viridis Tsitana dicksoni Clayton's Copper Green Carposinid Moth Dickson's Sylph Maculinea teleius burdigalensis Scarce Large Blue Family COCHYLffiAE Family LYCAENTOAE Mitoura gryneus sweadneri Carolella busckana Aloeides dentatis dentatis Busk's Gall Moth Sweadner's Hairstreak Aloeides dentatis maseruna Notarthrinus binghami Aloeides trimeni southeyae Family GELECHimAE Oreolyce dohertyi Argyrocupha malagrida Kiwaiajeanae Naga Hedge Blue cedrusmontana Lion's Head Copper Ornipholidotos peucetia penningtoni Family GEOMETRmAE White Mimic Argyrocupha malagrida malagrida Acalyphes philorites Lion's Head Copper Panchala ganesa loomisi Tailless Blue Dirce aesiodora Argyrocupha malagrida maryae Dirce lunaris Lion's Head Copper Phasis thero cedarbergae Dirce oriplancta Argyrocupha malagrida paarlensis Philotiella speciosa bohartorum Dirce Solaris Lion's Head Copper Bohart's Blue Fletcherana ioxantha Bowkeria phosphor borealis Plebejus emigdionis loxantha Looper Moth Bowkeria phosphor phosphor San Emigdio Blue Callophrys mossii bayensis Plebejus icarioides missionensis Family GRACILLARimAE San Bruno Elfin Mission Blue Petrochroa neckerensis Cyclyrius mandersi Poecilmitis brooksi tearei Necker Leaf-miner Moth Durbania amakosa albescens Poecilmitis nigricans nigricans Phildoria wilkesiella Durbania amakosa flavida Blue Jewel Copper Poecilmitis nigricans zwartbergae Family HEPIALIDAE Euphilotes battoides comstocki Comstock's Blue Blue Jewel Copper Leto venus Euphilotes bernardino allyni Poecilmitis pyroeis hersaleki Silver Spotted Ghost Moth El Segundo Blue Pseudalmenus chlorinda chlorinda Zelotypia stacyi Euphilotes enoptes smithi Bent Wing Swift Moth Pseudalmenus chlorinda conara Smith's Blue Shijimiaeoides langstoni langstoni Euphilotes rita mattonii Family HESPERIIDAE Langston's Blue Mattoni's Blue Antipodia chaostola leucophaea Spindasis collinsi Everes comyntas texanus Epargyreus antaeus Texas Tailed Blue Strymon acis bartrami Epargyreus spana Bartram's Hairstreak Glaucopsyche lygdamus Euscheman rafflesia palosverdesensis Styx infernalis Hesperia leonard montana Palos Verdes Blue Thestor dicksoni calviniae Pawnee Montane Skipper Hemiargus thomasi bethune-bakeri Dickson's Thestor Hesperilla mastersi marakupa Miami Blue Butterfly Thestor dicksoni dicksoni Kedestes barerae bunta Icaricia icarioides missionensis Dickson's Thestor Mission Blue Barber's Ranger Thestor montanus pictus Kedestes chaca Icaricia icarioides moroensis Tuxentius melaena griqua Metisella syrinx Moro Bay Blue Uranothauma usambarae Bamboo Sylph Icaricia icarioides pheres Oreisplanus tnunionga larana Pheres Blue Panoquina panoquinoides errans lolaus diametra natalica Family MEGATH'VTVIIDAE Salt Marsh Skipper Lepidochrysops jamesi classensi Stallingsia maculosus Problema bulenta Lepidochrysopsjamesijamesi Manfreda Giant Skipper

252 Family NOCTUTOAE Hypolimnas antevorta Troides aeacus kaguya Catocala marmorata Hypolimnas dubius drucei Family PIERTOAE Marbled Underwing Moth Neptis manasa Catocala pretiosa Pale Hockeystick Sailer Artogeia virginiensis West Virginia White Precious Underwing Moth Phalanta philiberti Belenois orgygia Erythroecia hebardi Neptis nycteas Hebard's Noctuid Moth Euchloe hyantis andrewsi Neptis sankara nar Lithophane lemmeri Andrew's Marble Butterfly Phyciodes batesi Lemmer's Noctuid Moth Mylothris carcassoni Tawny Crescent Butterfly Pyreferra ceromatica Pieris krueperi devta Salamis angustina Ceromatic Noctuid Moth Salamis Retrecie Family PYRALIDAE Salamis angustina angustina Family NYMPHALIDAE Salamis Retrecie Kupea electilis Anaeafloridalis Salamis angustina vinsoni Margaronia cyanomichla Florida Leafwing Blue Margaronian Sasakia charonda Antanartia borbonica Margaronia exaula Satyrodes eurydice fumosa Antanartia borbonica mauritiana Green Margaronian Smokey Eyed Brown Butterfly Apaturopsis kilusa Oeoblia dryadopa Smerina manoro Ohenaupaka Oeobian Moth Apaturopsis pauliani Speyeria adiaste atossa Charaxes cowani Atossa Family RIODINIDAE Charaxes druceanus entabeni Speyeria callippe callippe Apodemia mormo langei Silver Barred Charaxes Callippe Silverspot Lange's Metalmark Charaxes druceanus williamsi Speyeria hydaspe conquista Charaxes durnfordi nicholi Silverspot Family SATYRIDAE Chestnut Rajah Speyeria idalia Cercyonis sthenele sthenele Charaxes karkloof capensis Regal Fritillary Sthenele Wood Nymph Charaxes marieps Speyeria nokomis caerulescens Erebia annada annada Charaxes usambarae Blue Silverspot Erebia gorgone Speyeria nokomis nokomis Charaxes xiphares desmondi Gavamie Ringlet Great Basin Silverspot Charaxes xiphares xiphares Erebia narasingha narasingha Emperor Speyeria zerene behrensii Western Forest Erebia ottomana Behren's Silverspot Cymothoe alcimeda alcimeda Ottoman Brassy Ringlet Battling Glider Speyeria zerene hippolyta Erebia scipio Oregon Silverspot Cymothoe amaniensis Larche Ringlet Speyeria zerene myrtleae Cymothoe aurivillii Erebia sthennyo Myrtle's Fritillary Cymothoe magambae False Dewy Ringlet Cymothoe melanjae Family PAPILIONIDAE Erebia sudetica Sudeten Ringlet Cymothoe teita Eurytides lysithous harrisianus Lethe distans Doleschallia bisaltide andamana Harris' Mimic Swallowtail Scarce Red Forester Andaman Leafwing Graphium alebion chungianus Lethe dura gammiei Euphydryas editha bayensis Graphium antiphates ceylonicus Lethe europa tamuna Bay Checkerspot Butterfly Sri Lankan Five-bar Swordtail Lethe gemina gafuri Euphydryas editha monoensis Papilio aristodemus ponceanus Mono Checkerspot Butterfly Schaus' Swallowtail Lethe margaritae lyncus Euryphura achlys Papilio desmondi teita Lethe ocellata Mottled Green Taita Blue-banded Papilio Lethe ramadeva Euthalia malapana Papilio phorbanta nana Lethe satyavati Euxanthe madagascariensis Pamassius apollo vinningensis Neonympha mitchelli mitchelli Mitchell's Satyr Butterfly Fabriciana elisa Pamassius clodius shepardii Corsican Fritillary Shepard's Clodius Parnassian Pararge menava maeroides Heliconius charitonius peruvianus Pamassius clodius strohbeeni Stygionympha dicksoni Heteronympha cordacea comptena Strohbeen's Clodius Parnassian Dickson's Brown

253 Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List

Ypthima dohertyi persimilis Family RHAPHIDOPHORroAE Order THYSANURA Pristoceuthophilus sp. Family MACHILIDAE Family SESITOAE Samwell Cave Cricket Machiloides heteropus Synanthedon castaneae Hawaiian Long-palp Bristletail Chestnut Clearwing Moth Family STENOPELMATIDAE Machiloides perkinsi Deinacrida sp. Perkin's Club-palp Bristletail Family SPHESCroAE Mahoenui Giant Weta Deinacrida carinata Celerio wilsoni perkinsi Order TRICHOPTERA Herekopare Island Weta Euproserpinus euterpe Deinacrida tibiospina Family GLOSSOSOMATIDAE Kem Primrose Sphinx Moth Nelson Alpine Weta Agapetus artesus Manduca blackburni Artesian Caddisfly Blackburn's Sphinx Moth Hemiandrus sp. Tusked Weta Agapetus denningi Hemidaina ricta Denning' s Caddisfly Family TORTRICIDAE Banks Peninsula Weta Agapetus medicus edwardsiana Grapholitha Arkansas Caddisfly San Francisco Tree Lupine Order PLECOPTERA Protoptila area Spheterista oheoheana San Marcos Caddisfly Ohe Ohe Leaf-roller Moth Family CAPNIIDAE

Spheterista pterotropiana Capnia lacustra Family HYDROPTILroAE Green-Banded Ohe Ohe Leaf-roller Lake Tahoe Benthic Stonefly Moth Hydroptila decia Knoxville Micro Caddisfly Spheterista reynoldsiana Family EUSTHENimAE Wallupe Leaf-Roller Moth Neotrichia kitae reticulata Eusthenia Kite's Micro Caddisfly Ochrotrichia alsea Order MECOPTERA Family LEUCTRIDAE Alsea Micro Caddisfly Family APTEROPANORPIDAE Leuctra szczytkoi Ochrotrichia contorta Schoolhouse Springs Stonefly Apteropanorpa tasmanica Contorted Micro Caddisfly Ochrotrichia phenosa Family NEMGURmAE Order NEUROPTERA Deschutes Micro Caddisfly Lednia tumana Ochrotrichia provosti Family HEMEROBimAE Meltwater Stonefly Provost's Micro Caddisfly

Nesothauma halakalae Nemours wahkeena Ochrotrichia vertreesi Haleakala Spongillafly Wahkeena Falls Flightless Stonefly Vertree's Micro Caddisfly Pseudopsectra cookeorum Oxyethira florida Cooke's Spongillafly Family NOTONEMOURIDAE Florida Micro Caddisfly Pseudopsectra lobipennis Kimminsoperla biloba Lobe-wing Spongillafly Kimminsoperla williamsi Family KOKIRIIDAE Pseudopsectra swezeyi Taskiria mccubbini Swezey's Spongillafly Family PELTOPERLmAE Taskropsyche lacustris Pseudopsectra usingeri Soliperlafenderi Usinger's Spongillafly Fender's Stonefly Family LEPIDOSTOMATroAE Lepidostoma Family ITHONIDAE fischeri Family PERLIDAE Fischer's Caddisfly Oliarces clara Beloneuria georgiana Lepidostotna goedeni Georgia Stonefly Goeden's Caddisfly Family MYRMELEONTIDAE Beloneuria jamesae Eidoleon perjurus Cheaha Stonefly Family LEPTOCERIDAE Molokai Antlion Hansonoperla appalachia Ceraclea floridana Hanson's Appalachian Stonefly Florida Longhom Caddisfly Order ORTHOPTERA Ceraclea vertreesi Family TAENIOPTERYGroAE Vertree's Caddisfly Family ACRmiDAE Taeniopteryx starki Oecetis parva Podismopsis transsylvanica Stonefly Leon River Little Longhom Caddisfly

254 Westriplectes pedderensis Rhyacophila haddocki Carunculina pullus Haddock's Caddisfly Savannah Lilliput Family LIMNEPHILIDAE Rhyacophila lineata Dysnomia brevidens Castle Crags Caddisfly Cumberlandian Combshell Apatania tavala Cascades Caddisfly Rhyacophila mosana Dysnomia capsaeformis Bilobed Caddisfly Oyster Mussel Archaeophylax vernalis Rhyacophila spinata Dysnomia Jlorentina curtisi Cryptochia excella Spiny Caddisfly Curtis Pearlymussel Kings Canyon Caddisfly Rhyacophila unipunctata Dysnomia Jlorentina florentina Cryptochia neosa One-spot Caddisfly Yellow-blossom Blue Mountains Caddisfly Dysnomia florentina walkeri Ecclisomyia bilera Family SERICOSTOMATIDAE Tan Riffleshell King's Creek Caddisfly Agarodes ziczac Dysnomia metastriata Farula davisi Zigzag Blackwater Caddisfly Upland Combshell Green Springs Mountain Caddisfly Dysnomia obliquata obliquata Farulajewetti Family STENOPSYCHIDAE Catspaw Mount Hood Caddisfly Stenopsychodes lineata Dysnomia obliquata perobliqua Farula reaperi White Catspaw Tombstone Prairie Caddisfly Order ZORAPTERA Dysnomia othcaloogensis Glyphopsyche missouri Southern Acomshell Missouri Caddisfly Family ZOROT'iTIDAE Dysnomia penita Limnephilus alconura Zorolypus swezeyi Southern Combshell Kiamath Caddisfly Swezey's Zoroapteran Dysnomia torulosa gubemaculum Limnephilus atercus Green-blossom Fort Dick Caddisfly Class ONYCHOPHORA Dysnomia torulosa rangiana Neothramma andersoni Northern Riffleshell Colombian Gorge Caddisfly Order ONYCHOPHORA Dysnomia torulosa torulosa Oligophlebodes mostbento Family PERIPATOPSmAE Tubercled-blossom Tombstone Prairie Oligophlebodes Tasmanipatus barretti Dysnomia triquetra Philocasca oron Snuffbox Clatsop Caddisfly Class BIVALVIA Dysnomia turgidula Turgid-blossom Family ODONTOCERIDAE Order UNIONOmA Elliptio jayensis Psilotreta hansoni Family HYRIIDAE Flat Spike Hyridella moretonicus Elliptio marsupiobesa Family PHILOPOTAMIDAE Cape Fear Spike Dolophilodes oregona Family MARGARITIFERIDAE Elliptio waccamawensis Oregon Caddisfly Waccamaw Spike Margaritifera monodonta Spectacle Case Lampsilis australis Family PHILORHEITHRIDAE Southern Sandshell Ramiheithrus kocinus Family UNIONIDAE Lampsilis salinasensis Salina Mucket Alasmidonta arcula Family PLECTROTARSmAE Altamaha Arcmussel Lampsilis subangulata Shinyrayed Pocketbook Nanoplectrus truchnasi Alasmidonta atropurpurea Cumberland Elktoe Leguminaia compressa Family POLYCENTROPODroAE Alasmidonta heterodon Nephronaias sloatianus Tasmanoplegas spilota Dwarf Wedge Mussel Purple Bankclimber Alismodonta varicosa Quadrula cylindrica strigillata Family RHYACOPHILroAE Brook Floater Rough Rabbitsfoot Quadrula intermedia Rhyacophila alexandra Anodonta californensis Cumberland Monkeyface Alexander's Caddisfly California Floater Simpsoniconcha ambigua Rhyacophila colonus Carunculina cylindrellus Salamander Mussel Obrien Caddisfly Pale Lilliput Truncilla cognata Rhyacophila fenderi Carunculina lividus Mexican Fawnsfoot Fender's Caddisfly Purple Lilliput b 255 Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List

Unio elongatulus Family DIPLOMMATINIDAE Family GEOMITRIDAE

Villosa choctawensis Diplommatina hyalina Actinella armitageana Choctaw Bean Palaina strigata kororensis Caseolus abjectus Villosa fabalis Caseolus commixtus Rayed Bean Family HYDROBIIDAE Caseolus consors Villosa ortmanni Antrobia breweri Caseolus hartungi Kentucky Creekshell Apachecoccus arizonae Villosa perpurpurea Bylas Springsnail Family HELICARIGNTOAE Purple Bean Beddomeia hermansi Helicarion semoni

Villosa trabalis Coxiella striata Helicarion submissus Cumberland Bean Mexithauma churinceanus Theskelomensor lizardensis quadripaludium Mexithauma de Cienegas Snail Family HELICffiAE Order VENEROIDA Nymphophilus tninckleyi Hemicycla glyceia Family PISIDIIDAE Nymphophilus de Minckley Snail Phrantela marginata Family HYGROMiroAE Pisidium sanguinichristi Pseudotricula eberhardi Trochoidea spratti Pisidium ultramontanum Montane Peaclam Pyrgulopsis neomexicana Socorro Snail Family ORTHALICIDAE ogmoraphe Bothriembryon angasianus Class GASTROPODA Pyrgulopsis Royal Marstonia Bothriembryon tasmanicus Order BASOMMATOPHORA Nanocochlea parva Class TURBELLARIA Family PLANORBIDAE Family PUPINIDAE Order TRICLADIDA Helisomajacksonetise Pupina coxeni Jackson Lake Snail Pupina pfeifferi Family KENKIIDAE Kenkia rkynchida Order Malheur Cave Planarian Order MESOGASTROPODA STYLOMMATOPHORA Sphalloplana holsingeri Family ASSIMINEmAE Holsinger's Groundwater Planarian Family CAMAENIDAE Omphalotropis exquisita Sphalloplana subtilis Amplirhagada novella Biggers' Groundwater Planarian Omphalotropis innesi Turgenitubulus christenseni

256 1 5 1

Index

"argens", Yssichromis 185 acacrianica, Codringtonia 174 Acrocephalus 49, 158 "backflash cryptodon", Lipochromis Acalyphes 252 ACROCERIDAE 250 85 Acanthaeshrw 105 acrocnema, Boloria 104 "black cryptodon", Lipochromis 85 Acanthanura 250 Acrodipsas 102 "dwarf bigeye scraper", Airalon/apia 84 Acanthidops 162 acrodonta, Pteralopex 9 "frogmouth", Harpagochromis 85 acanthinula, Pronesopupa 216 acroleucus, Chortippus 108 "jewel", Tilapia 86 Acanthinula 217 Acrolophitus 108 "Kyoga flameback", Xystichromis 86 Acanthiops 60 ACROLOXIDAE 112 "little black", Tilapia 86 Acanthiza 49, 132 Acroloxus 112 "long snout", Prognathochromis 85 Acanthobrarrui 183 acroi, Eremichthys 72 "parvidens-like", Lipochromis 85 Acanthochelys 62, 165 Actenoides 44, 153 "rainbow sheller", Ptyochromis 86 Acanthocobitis 132 acticola, Gerbillus 242 "red-eye guiarti", Harpagochromis 1 84 Acanthocyclops 92 Actinella 124, 174,215,256 "ruby", Haplochromis 85 Acantholingua 77 ACTINIARIA 128,217 "Rusinga oral sheller", Ptyochromis 86 Acanthometropus 186 Actinodura 158 "shovelmouth", Astatotilapia 84 Acanthomyops 99 Actinonaias 172 "small obesoid", Lipochromis 85 Acanthorutilus 202 actinophora, Actinella 174 Tilapia "yellow-green", 86 acarpicus, Insuetophrymus 67 ACTINOPTERYGII 70, 132, 167, 183, (unknown) 110 ACAVIDAE 120 202, 235, 243, 246 Accentor, Yemen 158 aculabrum, Cambarus 93 'Alectroenas' 180 accepta, Fonscochlea 116 aculeatus multiaculeatus, Tachvglossus 'Athene' 181 Accipiter 32,33, 147, 148 219 'Lophopsitlacus' 180 ACCIPITRIDAE 32, 147, 198, 242 aculeatus santaeannae, Gasterosteus 'Nanocochlea' 256 aceramarcae, Gracitinanus 3 247 'Napaeus' 245 acerina, Gymnocephalus 206 aculeatus williamsoni, Gasterosteus 247 'Necropsittacus' 181 acuminata, Jardinella 116 Acerouon 8, 136, 177 'Scops' 181 Aceros 44 acuminata, Solenopsis 101 acuminatus, Catabasis 203 aaa, Cavaticovelia 251 acerosus, Viviparus 173 acumirmtus, Ophiogomphus 107 Aaadonta 214 acervatus, Orymaeus 121 acunhae, Nesospiza 55 /4ap/0ij'ax 202 Acestrura 43 acuta, Elimia 117 Aardwolf 224 acetabulosus, Mormopterus 13 acuta, Nesosydne 251 abaster, Syngnathus 205 Achalinus 61 acuticauda, Apus 43 abbotti, Gonocephalus 199 achates, Taphozous 10 acuticauda, Sterna 38 abbotti, Papasula 30 Achatina 213 acuticeps, Etheostoma 169 abbreviate, Achatinella 1 88 Achatinella 120, 188,238 aculicosta, Mautodontha 189 abbreviata, Leiostyla 127 ACHATINELLIDAE 120,188,213,238 acutidens, Pheidole 101 abbreviata, Samoana 215 ACHATINIDAE 121,213 acutifrons, Cephalaeschna 106 abbreviatus abbreviatus, Microtus 232 Acheilognathus 71 acutirostris, Heteralocha 182 abbreviatus fisheri, Microtus 232 acheron, Papilio 244 acutirostris, Taudactylus 67 abbreviatus, Haplophthalmus 97 acherontis, Procambarus 94 acutissima, Hirasea 124 abbreviatus, Microtus 197 acheronytes, Gammarus 185 acutissima, Pseudoglessula 217 abdominalis. Hippocampus 81 achlys, Euryphura 253 acutissimus, Medionidus 1 1 afcei, Hynobius 68 Aciagrion 208 acutorostrata, Balaenoptera 141 afce;, Myotis 194 acicula, Bythiospeum 1 1 acutum, Kinostemon 166 abeillei, Orchesticus 162 Acicula 113,210 acutus, Crocodylus 58 abendanoni, Telmatherina 79 ACICULIDAE 113,210 acutus, Lagenorhynchus 242 aberrans, Niphargus 90 acidens, Psammochromis 85 adalberti, Aquila 33 aberti, Cyprogenia 110 AciViHi 98 adamantina, Tryonia 212 afc(di, Petaurus 5 Acmofi>'j: 16,223 adami, Rhinolophus 194 abjectus, Caseolus 256 Acipenser 70, 167, 235, 236 adamsoni, Hephaestus 83 abnormis, Scolopendra 89 ACIPENSERIDAE 70, 167, 235 235 adansoni, Hemicycla 133 abrasus, Molossops 139 ACIPENSERIFORMES 70, 167, Addax 20 abrau muhlisi, Clupeonella 236 acis bartrami, Strymon252 AtWax 20 abrau, Clupeonella 202 Acneus 249 Adder, Namaqua Dwarf 62 Afcrawayaomyi 23 Acomyj 23, 143 Acornshell 187 Adder, Plain Mountain 62 Abrocoma 28 Acornshell, Southern 255 addita, Rhinomyias 52 ABROCOMIDAE 28 Acraea 252 adeia, Mugilogobius 87 Abronia 59 Acraea lil adela, Oreotrochilus 153 abrupta, Lampsilis 1 1 ACRAEIDAE 252 adelaidensis, Tiliqua 61 abstrusus, Prosciurillus 22 acraeina, Erikssonia 102 Adelocosa 88 aburri, Aburria 149 Acrantophis 61 Adelopoma 114 Aburria 149 ACRIDIDAE 108, 133, 187,254 Adelotus 167 abyssicola, Bathyraja 201 Acridotheres 164 Adelphicos 61 abyssinica, Genetta 195

257 3

adelphus, Bulimulus 215 rib Ailuroedus 164 adersi, Cephalophus 21 aethiops djamdjamensis, Ailuropoda 17 Adetomyrma 99 Cercopithecus 222 Ailurops 193 Aethiothemis adiaste atossa. Speyeria253 208 Ailurus 18 /ler/jomyi 143,242 Adjutant, Greater 31 aimei. Hippocampus 81 Aethopyga 53, 161 Adjutant, Lesser 31 Aimophila 162 adlerzi, a/er, Pseudobarbus 168 Epimymra 100 aitkeni, Sminlhopsis 3 a/er, adolfi, Xerosecta 175 Strongylognathus 102 /4u: 147 jimiensis, Danaus 237 adonis, Poecilmitis 103 affinis ajamaruensis, Melanotaenia 204 80 Ninox 152 ADRIANICHTHYIDAE affinis. ajanensis, Paludomus 119 Parapinnixa Adrianichthys 80 affinis, 96 Akalat, East Coast 52 adspersa, Mogurnda 247 o^inu, Partula 190 Akalal, Gabela 52 adspersus, Liomys 142 affinis, Penelopides 154 Akalat, Iringa 52 adspersus, Paraphoxinus 202 affinis, Sphaerolana 97 Akalat, Usambara 52 aduitrix, Trachemys 64 africana, Epimyrma 100 akamatus, Bulimulus 126 adustus, Raltus 26 africana, Kerivoula 194 Akekee 56 adustus, Tryphomys 27 africana, Loxodonta 19 Akepa 56 /Wvena 125, 190 africana. Mustela 195 Akialoa 181 adytum, Megalagrion 105 africanus aeliani, Phacochoerus 226 Akiapolaau 56 aeacus kaguya, Troides 253 africanus, Conus 120 Akikiki 56 aedium, Plagiodontia 28 africanus, Equus 19 aii/i, Albumus 71 aegagrus aegagrus, Capra 228 Afrithelphusa 95 akiratadai, Awalycaeus 213 aegagrus blythi, Capra 228 Afrixalus 243 A*odof! 23. 143 aegagrus chialtanensis, Capra 228 Afrocyclops 185 Akohekohe 56 aegagrus crelica, Capra 228 Afroedura 165 alabamae, Alosa 71

aegagrus, Capra 21 Afrogyrus 1 1 alabamae, Palaemonias 93 Aegialia 99, 249 Afropavo 34 Alabamaubria 249 Aegista 213 afzelii, Afrithelphusa 95 alabamensis, Amphigyra 113 AEGITHALIDAE 161 Agabus 98, 248 alabamensis, Elimia 117 Aegithalos 161 agami, Agamia 147 alabamensis, Pseudemys 64

aeglefmus , Melanogrammus 77 Agamia 147 alabamensis. Vertigo 175 Aegolius 152 AGAMIDAE 59, 199,234 alabastrinus, 'Napaeus' 245 Aegotheles 43 Agapetus 254 alachua, Branchinella 91 AEGOTHELIDAE 43 Agapornis 39, 151 Alaena 102 Aegypius 148 agarhecta, Pyrgulopsis 211 a/a/, Fulica 36 aelleni, Myotis 12 Agarodes 255 alaicus, Ellobius 24 ae//o, Nyctimene 136 agassizi, Ambassis 206 alalunga , Thunnus 207 aelocephalus, Psammochromis 85 agassizi, Salvelinus 183 alalunga, Thunnus 236 aemonae, Pseudocandona 98 agassizii, Gopherus 65 Alamoo, Oopu 206 aemula, Pillomena 174 Agathothoma 213 alamosae, Tryonia 212 aenea. Murina 1 38 Agelaius 56 a/an/, Cyclodirm 60 aenea, Rana 201 Agelastes 34 alaotrensis, Rheocles 243 aeneus, Aneides 1 67 agi/iX y4mazona 39 alaschanicus, Phoenicurus 160 aenigma, Hemitriccus 156 flgi/;.?, Gracilinanus 135 Alasmidonta 1 10, 209, 255 /te/jjiceroj 130,227 agi'/ij, Hylobates 140 a/ato, Diplommatina 210 Aepyomis 179 Aglaeactis 43 a/ara, Taheitia 212 AEPYORNITHIDAE 179 Aglaodiaptomus 91 Alauahio, Maui 163 Aepypodius 34 Aglymbus 248 Alauahio, Oahu 56 aequalorialis, Pithecia 241 agnella, Kerivoula 12 Alauda 47 aequatorianus, Molossops 13 agnewi, Roblinella 174 ALAUDIDAE 47, 157 aequipinnulus, Danio 202 agnus, Rhithrodytes 99 a/ia, Cacatua 40 Aeretes 142 Agonum 248 a//)a, Geocrinia 67 aero, Pipistrellus 194 agostinhoi, Oxychilus 128 a//)a, Peripatopsis 109 aerosa. Kerivoula 194 Agouti 145 a/6a, Tirumala 208 aerosus, Melomys 144 AGOUTIDAE 145 albanicus, Barbus 202 aesacus, Omithoptera 105 Agriades 102 albanyensis, Elimia 117 Aeschrithmysus 248 agricola, Pantinonemertes 217 albata, Palaina 210 Aeschrithmysus 248 Agriocharis 149 albata, Parantica 171 /lei/zna 105, 106, 171 agrioides, Amphipteryx 106 Albatross, Amsterdam 30 AESHNIDAE 105, 171,237 AGRIOLIMACIDAE 121, 173 Albatross, Buller's 146 aesiodora, Dirce 252 Agriomis 47 Albatross, Grey-headed 146 aestiputeus, Cambusia 205 Agrotis 186 Albatross, Royal 146 Aelhalops 136 Aguanaval, Cachorrito del 243 Albatross, Short-tailed 29 aethesa, Arawacus 102 aguirrepequenoi, Notropis 73 Albatross, Sooty 146 aethiopicus aethiopicus, Phacochoerus ahenea. Elliptio 172 Albatross, Wandering 30 226 Albatross, aheneus, Leiopotherapon 168 Waved 146 aethiopicus albatrus, delameri, Phacochoerus ailakeloae, Hedleyoconcha 123 Diomedea 29

258 1 3 1 1

alberti, Crax 34 albolineata, Hyla 201 allenbyi, Gerbillus 24 alberti, Menura 157 albolineatus, Fundulus 183 alleni, Galago 139 alberti, Prionops 49 alboniger, Hylopetes 22 aWeni, Grallaria 46 alberlinae, Streptocitta 164 albonotatus, Crocias 158 a//e/i(, Gulella 216 albertinum, Glaucidium 42 albopilosa, Lichnanthe 250 aWeni, Hodomys 143 albertisii, Pseudochirops 4 albopunctatus, Dasyurus 3 alleni, Rhogeessa 139 albicandatus, Myslromys 25 albopunctatus, Heleioporus 167 alleni, Zenarchopterus 205 albicauda, Alticola 143 albostriatus. Chlidonias 38 Allenopilhecus 140 albicauda. Olallamys 146 albula, Coregonus 204 aWej;, Crocidura 6 albicaudata, Eumyias 158 Albumus 71, 202 Alligator, Chinese 58 albicilla, Haliaeetus 148 a/fouj, Luciogobius 206 alligator, Ptilinopus 151 albicollis, Rynchops 38 a/iui. Porphyria 180 Alligator 58 albicosla, Euploea 104 a/fe«i, Scaphirhynchus 70 ALLIGATORIDAE 58 albidens, Coccymys 23 4/ca 180 allisonae, Antiponemertes 128 albidinuchus, Lorius 152 alcalicus grahami, Oreochromis 247 Allocebus 13 albidus, Albumus 71 ALCEDINIDAE 44, 153, 198, 246 Allocharopa 123, 174 albifacies, Myioborus 163 Alcedo 44, 153 Allochromis 84 albifacies, Poecilotriccus 156 Alcelaphus 130, 227 ALLOCRANGONYCTIDAE 89 albifacies, Sceloglaux 181 a/ce5 cameloides, Alces 226 Allocrangonyx 89 albifrons adustus, Cebus 221 /l/c« 226 Allodiaptomus 91 albifrons aequatorialis, Cebus 221 Alchichica, Charal de 78 Allognathus 174 albifrons cesarae, Cebus 22 alchichica, Poblana 78 alloia, Nesopupa 216 albifrons cuscinus, Cebus 222 ALCIDAE 38, 150 Alloperla 187 albifrons hypoleucus, Cebus 222 alcimeda alcimeda, Cymothoe 253 Allorhizucha 107 albifrons leucocephalus, Cebus 222 Alcippe 49, 158 Allotoca 80 albifrons malitiosus, Cebus 222 alcon, Maculinea 170 alluaudi alluaudi, Seychellibasis 237 albifrons trinitatis, alconura, Cebus 222 Limnephilus 255 allynsmithi, Helminthoglypta 125 albifrons yuracus, Cebus 222 alcorni, Pappogeomys 22 allynsmithi, Sonorella 174 albifrons, Henicophaps 151 alcyone, Rhinolophus 137 Almirante, Rivulus 205 albifrons, Leucorrhinia li^A aldabrana, Nesillas 181 Aloeides 102,252 albifrons, Palpopleura 107 aldabranus, Dicrurus 164 A Zona 90 albifrons, Platysteira 160 alebion chungianus, Graphium 253 /l/op;a 239 albigena aterrimus, Cercocebus 245 alecto, Aethalops 136 Alopochen 179 albigula, Myzomela 199 alecto, Cyttarops 136 a/o.9a, /1/o.sa 202 albigularis, Rhinomyias 52 Alectoris 149 /l/ora 71,202 albinasus, Chiropotes 241 Alectroenas 180 Alouatta 14, 221, 241 albinucha, Columba 151 Alectrurus 47, 156 alpenae, Coregonus 183 albipectus, Pyrrhura 41 alepidotus, Paraphoxinus 11, alpicola, Apodemus 1 97 albipennis, Penelope 34 Alethe, Thyolo 49 alpina hoffmanni, Ochotona 233 albipes, Arborimus 197 y4te//ic 49 alpina nitida, Ochotona 242 albipes, Conilurus 178 alethina, Rhinophylla 137 alpina, Lacerta 200 albipes, Myomys 144 alethorhytidus, Bulimulus 126 alpina, Rosalia 98 albipinnalus, Gobio 202 alexaruira, Rhyacophila 255 alpinum, Bythiospeum 21 albirostris, Cervus 20 alexandrae, Ornithoptera 105 alpinus, Anairetes 47 albirostris, Lagenorhynchus 242 alexaruirae, Phalanger 193 alpinus, Cuon 16 albispinus, Proechimys 146 alexandrae, Polytelis 41 alpinus, Gobiomorphus 87 albivallis, Lepidomeda 72 alexandri, Gulickia 120 alpinus, Strongylognathus 102

albiventris, Dacnis 162 alexandri, Lanistes 1 1 a/.sfa, Ochrotrichia 254 albiventris, Myiagra 51 alexandri, Paraxerus 142 Abodes 201 albiventris, Myiornis 156 alfredi, Cervus 20 Alsophis 61, 182 albiventris, Spanglerogyrus 249 a/gea abjecta, Euploea 237 alstoni, Micoureus 135 albizona, Vipera 62 a/gea eleutho, Euploea 237 altamirai, Suboestophora 175 albocarinata, Omphalotropis 210 a/gea schmeltzi, Euploea 237 alterrui, We.itraltrachia 122 albocaudata, Stenocephalemys 145 algeriana, Epimyrma 100 alternatus, Neseis 251 albocinctus, Acridotheres 164 Atgyroides 60 altiapica, Opanara 123 albofrontata, Gerygone 159 aliciae, Aglaeactis 43 alticola alticola, Perognalhus 232 albofuscus, Scotoecus 139 alienus, Histiotus 12 alticola, Belgrandiella 115 albogulare, Malacopleron 159 Alionycteris 8 alticola, Maxomys 24 albogularis albotorquatus, Alismodonta 255 alticola, Perognathus 142 Cercopithecus 222 Alisterus 151 alticola, Poospiza 55 albogularis zammaranoi, aZi'uj, Malaconotus 48 Alticola 23, 143 Cercopithecus 222 a/(x(i, Clytoctantes 45 alticorps, Onychostoma 73 albogularis, Zosterops 53 aljibensis, Deronectes 98 a/«(7(.r, Lampsilis 1 1 alboguttatus, Chalinolobus 12 Allactaga 23, 142, 143 altipinnis, Parambassis 206 alboini, Strongylognathus 102 allamanica, Vallonia 217 altirostre, Chrysomma 50 albolabris, Amastra 188 allanae, Lerista 60 altirostris, Turdoides 160 albolimbatus, Megalurus 51 Allanaspides 90 altivelis ryukyuensis, Plecoglossus 236

259 1 1 1

altivelis, Lepidomeda 183 Amazon, Yellow-headed 40 amniculus, Craterocephalus 78 altonagai, Papilloderma 175 Amazon, Yellow-shouldered 40 amoenus, Phylloscopus 51

39,40, 151 Amorphochilus 1 ahum, Pleurobema 1 1 AmazofW alutaceus, Rhantus 98 amazonina, Hapalopsittaca 41 Ampelioides 156 alvareidelvillari, Cyprinella 71 ambagiosus, Placostylus 126 Ampelita 120 alvarezi, Cyprinodon 183 AMBASSIDAE 206, 244 ampeloni, Plagiolepis 101 alvarezi, Cambusia 80 /ImfeaiiU 206, 244 AMPHIBIA 66, 132, 166, 182, 201, 235, 246 aivaroi, Prislidactylus 199 ambigua, Simpsonaias 133 243, tschadensis. alveare, Pleurocera 118 ambigua, Simpsoniconcha 255 amphibius Hippopotamus 226 alveus, Lotlia 187 Amblema 1 10 amphichaenus, Potamilus 112 alvordensis, Gila 72 Ambloplites 83 Amphicyclotulus ALYCAEIDAE 213,239 AMBLYCIPITIDAE 76 117, 188 Amphidromus ll'i Alytes 66 AMBLYOPSIDAE 77 113 Alzoniella 114 Amblyopsis 77 Amphigyra Amphipod, Alabama Well 90 amabilis, Charmosyna 40 Amblyomis 164 Amphipod, Arizona Cave 89 amabilis, Elaphoidella 96 Amblyrhiza 179 Amphipod, Balcones Cave 89 amabilis, Rhyacophila 187 Amblyrhynchus 59 Amphipod, Barr's Cave 89 amadi, Weberogobius 87 Amblysomus 5, 241 Amphipod. Bath County Cave 89 Amakihi, Greater 181 amboimensis, Laniarius 48 Amphipod, Bifurcated Cave 89 Amakihi. Kauai 56 amboinensis, Alisterus 151 Amphipod, Bousfield's 90 amakosa albescens, Durhania 252 amboinensis, Cuora 165 Amphipod, Bowman's Cave 89 amakosa flavida, Durbania 252 Amfcry-S">s 251 Amphipod, Burnsville Cove Cave 89 amaltheae, Oxychilus 128 ambusta, Auriculella 213 Amphipod, Cascade Cave 89 amamiensis amamiensis, Asiagomphus Ambystonta 68, 246 Amphipod, Central Missouri Cave 89 238 AMBYSTOMATIDAE 68, 246 Amphipod, Clanton's Cave 89 amamiensis okinawanus, Asiagomphus amdenus, Radiodiscus 123 Amphipod, Cooper's Cave 89 238 y4meca 184 Amphipod, Devil's Sinkhole 89 amancicoi, Scaevatula 213 amecae, Notropis 183 Amphipod, Diminutive 90 Amandava 57 AMEIRIDAE 96 Amphipod, Elevated Spring 89 amaniensis, Cymothoe 253 Ameiva, Martinique Giant 182 Amphipod, Ephemeral Cave 89 amaniensis, Culella 216 /Imfiva 61, 182 Amphipod. Ezell's Cave 89 amaniensis, Tayloria 217 Ameletus 250 Amphipod, Florida Cave 89 Amanipodagrion 107 americana mexicana, Antilocapra 227 Amphipod, Grady's Cave 89 amargosus. sus 251 americana peninsularis, Antilocapra Ambry Amphipod, Greenbrier Cave 89 227 amarus, Hybognathus 72 Amphipod, Hara's Cave 89 americana sonoriensis, Antilocapra amarus, Puntius 73 Amphipod, Hay's Spring 89 227 AffMirra 121, 188, 189 Amphipod, Hobb's Cave 89 americana, Dolania 250 AMASTRIDAE 121, 188 Amphipod, Illinois Cave 185 americana, Grus 36 amastroides, Bulimulus 126 Amphipod, Kaui Cave 90 americana, Monodelphis 135 amatitlanensis, Mastigodiaptomus 207 Amphipod. Long-legged Cave 89 americana, Rhea 146 amatolica, Bufo 66 Amphipod, Mackenzie's Cave 89 Amauris 104 americanus, Driloleirus 109 Amphipod. Malheur Cave 89 amaurocephala, Nonnula 154 americanus, Nicrophorus 99 Amphipod, Minute Cave 89 Amaurocichla 49 americanus, Protomognathus 101 Amphipod, Morrison's Cave89 amaurodylum peles, Megalagrion 237 americanus, Siphonorhis 43 Amphipod, Mountain Cave 89 amauropterus, Pelargopsis 153 amherstiae, Chrysolophus 149 Amphipod, Noel's 185 Amaurornis 36 amiculus, Dolapex 125 Amphipod, Norton's Cave 89 Amaurospiza 162 amistadensis, Gambusia 184 Amphipod, Oklahoma Cave 89 amaurotis, Philydor 155 Ammodillus 23 Amphipod, Onondaga Cave 89 Amazilia 43 Ammodorcas 20 Amphipod, Ozark Cave 89 Amazon, Black-billed 39 Ammodramus 162 Amphipod, Peck's Cave 90 Amazon, Blue-cheeked 151 ammodytes transcaucasiana, Vipera Amphipod, Pecos 90 Amazon, Cuban 151 246 Amphipod, Pennsylvania Cave 89 Amazon, Green-cheeked 40 ammon ammon, Ovis 229 Amphipod, Pickle Springs 89 Amazon, Hispaniolan 151 ammon collium, Ovis 229 Amphipod, Pizzini's 90 Amazon, Imperial 40 ammon darwini, Ovis 229 Amphipod. Reddell's Cave 90 Amazon, Lilac-crowned 151 ammon hodgsonii, Ovis 229 Amphipod. Rubious Cave 185 Amazon, Puerto Rican 40 ammon jubata, Ovis 229 Amphipod, Spring Cave 90 Amazon, Red-browed 40 ammon karelini, Ovis 229 Amphipod, Stellmack's Cave 90 Amazon, Red-necked 39 ammon nigrimontana, Ovis ll'i Amphipod, Subtle Cave 90 Tidewater Interstitial Amazon, Red-spectacled 40 ammon polii, Ovis 229 Amphipod. 89 Stygonectid89 Amazon, Red-tailed 40 ammon, Ovis 21 Amphipod. Tidewater Amazon, St Lucia 40 Ammonitella 126 Amphipod. Wengeror's Cave90 Wisconsin Well 90 Amazon, St Vincent 40 Ammopelmatus 108 Amphipod, 89, 185.237 Amazon, Vinaceous 40 Ammospermophilus 22 AMPHIPODA Amazon, Yellow-billed 151 AMPHIPTERYGIDAE 106 Ammotragus 20, 245 Amazon, Yellow-faced 40 Amphipteryx 106 amnicoloides, Somatogyrus 21

260 3 7 8 1 7 8

Amphorella 124 Andigena 154 Anhinga 147

ampla, Elimia 1 1 andinus, Phoenicopterus 31 ANHINGIDAE 147 ampla, Leptoxis 1 1 andinus, Podiceps 179 Anhydrophryne 167 Amplirhagada 121,173,214,244,256 ANDRENIDAE 251 Anianiau 56 amplus, Artibeus 137 andrewi, Barbus 71 ANIELLIDAE 246 amplus, Notomys 178 andrewsi, Fregata 31 anijimana, Mandarina 214 amplus, Perognathus 142 Andrias 68, 201 ANILIIDAE 200 AMPULLARIDAE 113, 173,210 andromache, Troides 171 Anisotremus 84 ampuUatus, Hyperoodon 130 Androniscus 237 ankaranensis, Glossogobius 87 amsterdamensis, Diomedea 30 Andropadus 157 ankoberensis, Serinus 56 Amychus, Chatham Island 249 Androphobus 198 ankoliae, Tachyoryctes 27 Amychus, Strait Cook 249 andruzzi, Phreatichthys 73 anna, Ciridops 181 Amychus 249 Anectothemis 208 annada annada, Erebia 253 Amyda 65 Aneides 167 annamarulae, Melaenomis 51 Amytomis 49, 158, 242 anelpislus, Diploglossus 59 annamensis, Mauremys 243 ana, Nesidiolestes 25 Anemone, Ivell's Sea 217 annamurrayae, Phrantela 116 ANABANTIDAE 88 Anemone, Starlet Sea 128 annandalii, Hieremys 64 Anaharilius 71 Anergates 99 annectans, Ithamar 251 anae, Paramorariopsis 96 anergismus, Pogonomyrmex 101 annectans, Myotis 138 253 Anaea anerythra. Pitta 47 annectens, Ptyochromis 86 Anaecypris 71 Anetia, Jaeger's 170 anneclens, Samoana 127 anaglypUca, Actinella 124 Anetia, Salvin's 170 annectens, Tachyoryctes 27 Anagotus 248 /l/ier/a 170 annectidens, Haplochromis 85 Anairetes 47 anetianus, Pteropus 241 annettae, Elimia 1 1 a/wi, Uromys 145 Aneurelus 100 anniae, Draparnaudia 124 anaktuvukensis, Salvelinus 204 angasianus, Bothriembryon 256 Anniella 246 analis, Lutjanus 84 angasii, Tragelaphus 131 annulata, Rhinoclemmys 166 anaphiensis, Zonites 175 angaurana. Aaadonla 214 annulifera, Pleurocera 1 1 Anarhynchus 37 angeiae, Dendroica 163 Anoa, Lowland 20 Anaj 32, 147, 179 angelcabrerai, Mesocapromys 28 Anoa, Mountain 20 ANASPIDACEA 90, 247 Angelfish, Resplendent Pygmy 84 ANOBIIDAE 248 Anaspides 247 angelina, Libellula 107 anodonta, Angrobia 1 14 ANASPIDIDAE 90, 247 angelinae, Otus 42 Anodonta 255 Anastomus 147 angfa, Melanotaenia 204 Anodontoides 172 ANATIDAE 32, 147, 179 angolensis paliiatus, Colobus 222 Anodorhynchus 40, 180 anatirostris, Sinocyclocheilus 74 angolensis prigoginei, Colobus 111 Anoglypta 123 analoliae, Aphanius 79 angolensis ruwenzorii, Colobus 222 Anole, Roo.sevelt's Giant 59 anatolicus, Phoxinellus 73 angolensis, Epomophorus 136 Anolis 59 anceophila, Carelia 189 angolensis, Laephotis 138 Anomala 250 anceps, Pteralopex 9 angorae, Nemacheilus 203 ANOMALOPTERYGIDAE 179 Anceya 119 Angrobia 114, 188 Anomalopus 60 anceyana, Lyropupa 216 ANGUIDAE 59, 164, 182, 199 ANOMALURIDAE 145 anceyana, Nesopupa 216 anguinus, Proteus 68 Anomalurus 145 anceyana, Taipidon 190 Anguispira 214 anomalus, Eleothreptus 153 Ancharius 203 angularis, Sinocyclocheilus 74 anomalus, Ophiogomphus 171 anchietae, Otomys 144 angulata, Beddomeia 114 anomalus, Sciurus 142 anchietae, Plerotes 9 angulata, Tryonia 212 anomalus, Zosterops 161 anchietai, Pipistrellus 13 angulifer, Epicrates 165 Anomochilus 200 Anchovy, Freshwater 202 angulosa, Biomphalaria 173 ANOMOPODA 90 Anculosa 188 angulosa, Thaanumella 210 Anonymomvi 23

Ancylastrum 1 1 angusta, Metacnemis 209 anophthalmus, Oreonectes 75

Ancylid, Domed 1 13 angustata, Elliptio 172 anophthalmus, Sinocyclocheilus 74 Ancylid, Hood 113 angustatus, Claudius 166 anophthalmus, Tasmanipatus 109 Ancylid, Wicker 113 angustatus, Procambarus 94 anophthalmus, Troglocaris 93 ANCYLIDAE 113,173 angustina angustina, Salamis 253 Anoplolepis 100 /Incy/u,! 113, 173 angustina vinsoni, Salamis 253 ANOPLURA 98 Andalgalomys 23 angustina, Salamis 253 anops, Adelocosa 88 andamanensis, Cenlropus 152 angustior. Vertigo 133 Anorrhinus 154 andamanensis, Crocidura 6 angustipennis, Calopteryx 171 ANOSTRACA 91, 132, 169. 207, 244 andamanensis, Dicrurus 164 angustipluma, Chaetoptila 181 /4noromy5 23 andamanensis, Euploea 104 angustipons, Kinoslemon 64 Anoura 137, 194 anderseni, Rhinolophus 194 angustirostris, Marmaronetta 32 ansellorum, Crocidura 6 andersoni, Marmosa 3 angustirostris, Todus 154 Anjer 32 andersoni, Neothramma 255 angustistriata, Tayloria 217 ANSERIFORMES 32. 147. 179 andersoni, Phaulomys 26 angustus, Hippocampus 81 ansorgei ansorgei, Crossarchus 224 andersonii, Hyla 166 Angwantibo 139 ansorgei, Xenocopsychus 161 andicola, Agriomis 47 ANHIMIDAE 147 Ant, Australian 101

261 6 1

Ant, European Red Wood 170 Antiiope 20 apalachicolae, Procambarus 94 Ant, Sri Lankan Relict 100 antimachus, Papilio 208 Apalis, Bamenda 49 Ant-blue, Illidge's 102 antimena, Hypogeomys 24 Apalis, Kabobo 198 Ant-tanager, Black-cheeked 55 antineae, Heterohyrax 20 Apalis, Karamoja 49 Ant-tanager. Sooty 162 antiochensis, Anthicus 248 Apalis, Kungwe 49 antaeus, Epargyreus 252 antiochi, Efferia 250 Apalis, Namuli 49 antalyensis, Capoeta 202 antiphates ceylonicus, Graphium 253 Apalis, Taita 49 While-winged Antanartia 253 antipodes, Megadyptes 29 Apalis, 49 antarcticus. Rallus 37 Antipodia 252 Apalis 49, 198 Antbird, Black-tailed 46 Antipodochlora 171 Apalone 65 Antbird, Grey-headed 46 Antiponemertes 128 Apalopteron 54 Antbird, Ochre-rumped 155 antisensis, Hippocamelus 197 Apatalestea 250 Antbird, Rio Branco 45 Antlion, Molokai 254 Apatania 255 Antbird, Rio de Janeiro 155 antongilii, Dyscophus 67 apatela, Proloploea 171 Antbird, Rufous-tailed 155 antoniae, Carpodectes 46 Apaturopsis 253 Antbird, Santarem 155 antoniae, Telmatherina 79 Apaturopsis 253 Antbird, Scalloped 46 Antpitta, Bicoloured 46 apella margaritae, Cebus 222 Antbird, Slender 46 Antpitta, Brown-banded 46 apella robustus, Cebus 222 155 Antbird, White-breasted Antpitta, Chestnut 155 apexfulva vittata, Achatinella 238 Antbird, White-masked 198 Antpitta, Crescent-faced 155 apexfulva, Achatinella 120 Anteater, Giant 5 Antpitta, Cundinamarca46 Aphaenogaster 100 Anlechinomys 193 Antpitta, Elusive 155 Aphanapteryx 180 Antechinus, Atherton 135 Antpitta, Giant 46 Aphanius 79, 205, 243 Antechinus, Carpentarian 3 Antpitta, Great 155 Aphanotriccus 156 135 Antechinus, Cinnamon Antpitta, Hooded 46 Aphaostracon 114 Antechinus, Dusky 219 Antpitta, Moustached46 Aphelocephala 50 193 Antechinus, Habbema Antpitta, Ochre-fronted 155 APHIDIDAE 251 Lesser 193 Antechinus, Antpitta, Peruvian 155 aphnaeoides, lolaus 170 Long-nosed 193 Antechinus, Antpitta, Santa Marta 155 Aphodius 250 Antechinus, Normanby 193 Antpitta, Scallop-breasted 155 Aphrastura 45 Antechinus, Swamp 219 Antpitta, Tachira 46 aphrastus, Sigmodontomys 27 Antechinus 135, 193,219 Antpitta, White-browed 155 aphylla, Phyllonycteris 1 anteisensis, Pseudamnicola 1 1 Antriscopia 92 apia, Trochomorpha 128 antelmeana, Culella 128 Antrobia 1 14, 256 apicalis, Anectothemis 208 Antelope, Bates' Pygmy 141 Antrolana 97 apicalis, Lenoxus 143 Antelope, Beira 21 Antrorbis 114 apicalis, Leporillus 178 Antelope, Four-horned 22 antrorum, Palaemonetes 95 apicalis, Moho 181 Antelope, Giant Sable 228 Antrozous 11 apicalis, Parantechinus 3 Antelope, Hunter's 21 Antshrike, Cocha 155 APIOCERIDAE 250 Antelope. Roan 130 Antshrike, Speckled 46 APLOCHEILIDAE 79, 205, 243 Antelope, Royal 141 Antshrike, White-bearded 45 Aplochiton 204 Antelope, Sable 130 Antthrush, Rufous-fronted 45 Aplodontia 230 Antelope, Tibetan 21 Antvireo, Bicoloured 45 APLODONTIDAE 230 anteronivea, Polyphylla 250 Plumbeous 45 Antvireo, Aplonis 57, 164, 182 antesella, Percina 84 Antvireo, Spot-breasted 155 Aplothorax 248 antevorta, Hypolimnas253 Antwren, Alagoas 46 apoda, Neochanna 168 Anthias 82 Antwren, Ash-throated 46 Apodemia 253 ANTHICIDAE 98, 248 Antwren, Ashy 46 Apodemus 23, 143, 197 Anthicus 98, 248 Antwren, Band-tailed 46 APODIDAE 43, 153, 198 Anthocephala 153 Antwren, Black-capped 155 APODIFORMES 43, 153, 181, 198 anthoides. Asthenes 45 Antwren, Black-hooded 45 apoiensis, Paraegista 213 anthonyi, Dicaeum 161 Antwren, Klages's 155 apolinari, Cistolhorus 49 anthonyi, Neotoma 25 Antwren, Narrow-billed 46 apollinaris, Archon 171 anthonyi, Pipistrellus 13 Antwren, Orange-bellied 46 Apollo 105 anthonyix, Leptoxis 188 Antwren, Pectoral 46 apollo vinningensis, Pamassius 253 Anthops 10 Antwren, Restinga 46 apollo, Pamassius 105 ANTHOZOA 128,217 Antwren, Rio de Janeiro 46 Apomys 23 Anthracoceros 44, 154 Antwren, Salvadori's 46 apophysata, Branchinella 91 Anthreptes 53, 161 Antwren, Serra 155 ANTHURIDAE 96 Antwren, Unicoloured 46 aporus, Megupsilon 183 appalachia, Hansonoperla ISA Anthus 48, 157 Antwren, Yellow-rumped 46 108 Antichthonidris 100 ANURA 66, 132, 166, 182, 201, 235, 243, Appalachia Antidorcas 130 246 apperti, Phyllastrephus 48 antigone, Grus 149 Anurophasis 149 approximata, Partula 190 approximata, 217 aniiguae, Alsophis 61 Aonyx 140 Trochomorpha antHlensis, Heteropsomys 178 Aotus 14, 194, 221 Aprasia 60, 165, 234 Antilocapra 227 apache, Oncorhynchus 77 apricans, Chtorolestes 108 ANTILOCAPRIDAE 227 Apachecoccus 256 Apron 84

262

J 1 6 1 8

Aprosmictus 151 Archboldomys 23 ARGYRESTHIIDAE 186 Aproteles 8 Archerfish, Big Scale 244 Argyrocupha 252

aptera, Apteromantis 1 7 archeri, Heteromirafra 48 Argyrodiaptomus 207 Apterocychus 249 archeri. Mesodon 215 argyrognomon lotis, Lycaeides 252 Apteromantis 171 archeri, Pseudochirops 135 ARHYNCHOBDELLAE 171 Apteropanorpa 254 archeri, Sminthopsis 219 ariadne, Orachrysops 103 APTEROPANORPIDAE 254 archeyi, Leiopelma 167 Ariakehimeshirauo 76 APTERYGIDAE 29 archipelagicus. Indicator 154 aricomae, Cinclodes 45 APTERYGIFORMES 29 Archon 171 aridus, Batrachoseps 68 Apteryx 29 arcigerens. Pleuroxia 174 aridus, Limnebius 249 /lp«j 43. 198 Arcmussel, Altamaha 255 ar/c/, Pipistrellus 139

Aquadulcaris 90 Arcmussel, Ochlockonee 1 10 ARIIDAE 76, 203 aquali, Etheostoma 83 /4rcricr(5 224 arimalius, Meriones 25 aquatica, Fonscochlea 1 1 /ircrocefcui 139 arinagae. Theba 125 aquaticus carniolicus, Asellus 237 Arctocephalus 17 ariomus, Scartomyzon 203 aquaticus cavemicolus, Asellus lYI Arctodiaptomus 91 arion, Maculinea 170 aquaticus cyclobranchialis, Asellus 237 Arctogalidia 224 Anof! 213 aquaticus, Hyemoschus 141 arctoides, Macaca 15 ARIONIDAE 213,244 aquila, Balanus 208 arctos nelsoni, Ursus 224 arionides, Maculinea 170 aquila, Fregata 31 arcuatus, Taeromys 27 ARIOPHANTIDAE 189 A^ui/a 33, 148 arcula, Alasmidonta 255 aristodemus ponceanus, Papilio 253 aquilo, Notomys 144 arcyensis, Truncatellina 128 aristophontes, Papilio 105 aquilonia, Formica 170 ,4rrfea 31, 147 aristor, Papilio 208 Ara 40, 180 ARDEIDAE 31, 147, 179 aristotelis, Siluris 203 arabica, Cazella 178 ardens, Arborophila 34 Ariteus 1 arabicus, Pipistrellus 13 ardens, Selasphorus 43 Arm.r 76, 204 ARACHNIDA 88, 169, 207 Ardeola 147 arizonae arizonae, Sigmodon 233 Arachnocampa 250 Ardeotis 37 arizonae plenus, Sigmodon 242 arachnoides, Brachyteles 14 ardesiaca, Rhopornis 46 arizonae, Apachecoccus 256 arachnoides, Pyxis 65 Ardops 137 arizonae, Sigmodon 27 Arachnothera 161 areaensis. Opanara 123 arizonae, Sorex 7 araea, Falco 33 arenaria, Catinella 175 arizonensis, Daihinibaenetes 108 araeum, Plagiodontia 179 arenarius, Spalax 27 arizonensis, Psephenus 249 araeus, Stygobromus 89 arenata, Glaresis 250 arizonensis, Sciurus 142 ara/, Macrognathus 205 arenicola, Cicindela 248 arizonensis, Stygobromus 89 arambourgi, Subuliniscus 1 28 areolatus, Trichomycterus 204 arizonica, Cymbiodyta 249 Aramides 36 arfakensis, Melanotaenia 78 Arkansia 110 Aramidopsis 36 arfakiana, Melanocharis 199 ARMADILLIDAE 208 ARANEAE 88, 169,207 Argali 21 Armadillo, Brazilian Three-banded5 Arapaima 202 Argali, Altai 229 Armadillo, Giant 5 arala, Ogasawarana 209 Argali, KaraTau 229 armandvillei, Papagomys 25 aratathomasi, Sturnira 137 Argali, Marco Polo 229 Armalobalanus 208 Ararmga 40, 152 Argali, Mongolian Argali, Gobi 229 armatus, Euastacus 96 araucana, Columba 151 Argali, Northern Chinese 229 armenica, Crocidura 193 arausiaca, Amazona 39 Argali, Tibetan 229 armenica, Sicista 23 Arawacus 102 Argali, Tien Shan 229 armigera, Lithasia 118 arborea, Dendrocygna 32 Arganiella 114 armitageana, Actinella 256 arborea, Hyla 166 "argens", Yssichromis 185 Armsia 121 argentata, Alcedo 44 arnoldii, Strongylognathus 102 arboreus , Dendrohyrax 226 Arborimus 197 argentatus, Pteropus 193 arnuxii, Berardius 130 argentea, Apalis 49 Arborophila 34, 149 arremonops, Oreothraupis 55 area, Elliptio 110 argentea, Harmogenanina 125 arrosa pomoensis, Helminthoglypta area, Protoptila ISA argenteocinereus, Heliophobius 145 239 argenteus, Galaxias 76 artaxerxes, Harpagochromis 184 arcaeformis, Epioblasma 1 10 arcaeformis?, Dysnomia 187 argenteus, Prognalhochromis 184 artedii, Coregonus 243 38 /Irtemi'a 132 arcaei, Bangsia 162 argentina, Columba Arcanator 50 argentina, Pheidole 101 ARTEMIIDAE 132 artesus, Agapetus 254 arcanus, Progrmthochromis 184 argentina, Pseudoatta 101 Arthroleptides 182 arcanus, Ptilinopus 39 argentissimus, Plagopterus 73 106 arthuri. Vertigo 175 arcena, Appalachia 108 Argiagrion Artibeus 137, 194 Archachatina 121,213 Argiocnemis 106 11, articense, Bythiospeum 115 ARCHAEOGASTROPODA 112,173, argc, Ephemerella 250 aniculala, 1 1 187, 209, 238 Argonemertes 175, 217 Tropidophora Archaeolacerta 243 Argus, Crested 35 ARTIODACTYLA 20, 130, 141, 178, 197,226,242,245 Archaeophylax 255 arguta, Partula 190 Artogeia 253 archboldi, Petroica 199 argynnis, Casinycters 136 artuj, Hygrotus 185 Archboldia 58 Argyresthia 186

263 2 4 7 1 9

amboides, Bermudalana 97 atacamensis, Bufo 201 atropurpurea, Alasmidonta 255 Arubolana 97 atacamensis, Myotis 12 atropurpurea, Xipholena 46 aruensis, Bostrichthys 206 atacamensis, Telmatobius 67 atrorus, Cyprinodon 243 arundinum. Redunca 131 Ataeniobius 80 atrosuperciliaris, Paradoxomis 160 Arvicola 143 A/aeniui- 250 attenuata, Feresa 195 Asaphomyia 250 atanuiensis, Rhysoconcha 123 attenuata, Partula 190 asaphrombra, Hedylepta 1 86 Atelerix 241 attenuata, Samoana 127 ascanius, Parides 105 ylre/c5 14, 221, 241 attenuata, Stenella 129 ascensa, Austrochloritis 173 Atelognathus 66 atlenuatus, Hobbseus 94 ascensionis, Thalassoma 87 Atelomis 44, 154 Attheyella 132 Aie/Zifl 10 /\(en/a 174 attiguus, Procambarus 94 ASELLIDAE 96, 237 alf r arer, Notechis 234 arti/a, Crocidura 6 Asellus 237 a

Asiagomphus 1 07, 238 arer, Suncus 8 afy,r, Cercocebus 140 ASILIDAE 250 atercus, Limnephilus 255 aubryana, Gymnomyza 54

Asity, Schlegel's 157 aterina, Elimia 1 1 aucklandica. Anas 32 Asity, Yellow-bellied 47 aterrima. Pterodroma 30 aucklandica, Coenocorypha 150 askewi, Fusconaia 172 aterrimus opdenboschi, Lophocebus audax, Aphanotriccus 156 Aslauga 102 222 audax, Characodon 80 aslini, Turgenitubulus 122 aterrimus, Lophocebus 140 audax, Tachyoryctes 27 asoka, Puntius 236 aterrimus, Probosciger 152 audouinii, Larus 131 asomatus, Lagorchestes 177 Athene 42 Augastes 153 Asp 202 Atherina 204 augustaensis, Hesperodiaptomus 92 aspasma, Chloaeltis 108 ATHERINIDAE 78, 168. 183, 204, 243 Auk, Great 180 asper, Pseudobarbus Ti ATHERINIFORMES 78, 168, 183, 204, Aulacorhynchus 154 asper, Zingel 84 243 aulidion, Notropis 183 asperata, Quadrula 172 atilanica, Crematogaster 100 Aulopyge 71 asperrima, Eximiorhagada 214 ar/7«. Partula 190 aurantia, Partula 190 ATLANTASELLIDAE 97 asperrimus, Coitus 82 aurantia, Rhinonicteris 1 Aspideretes 65, 166 Atlantasellus 97 aurantia, Tyto 42 Aspidites 61 atlantica, Phenacolimax 245 aurantiaca, Mantella 67 Aspiduchus 247 atlanticus, Larus 38 aurantiaca, Pyrrhula 163 aspius, Aspius 202 Atlantisia 36, 180 aurantius, Chaetops 158 /4ipiui 202 Atlapetes 54, 162 aurantius, Melonycteris 9 asprella, Crystallaria 83 atomus, Truncatellina 217 aurarius, Platyrrhinus 137 Asprete 84 Atossa 253 aurata, Murina 138 a(ra asquamatus, Kosswigichthys 205 aurorae, Salamandra 235 aurata, Profelis 241 Ass, African Wild 19 o/ra, Myiagra 159 aurata, Sabanjewia 203 Ass, Indian Wild 225 a/ra, Porzana 36 auratus auratus, Isoodon 2 1 Ass, Syrian Wild 225 a?ra, Pyriglena 46 auratus barrowensis, Isoodon 219 assamensis, Macaco 15 arra, Tijuca 156 auratus, Isoodon 4 assimilis, Onychogomphus 107 Atractelmis 249 auratus, Mesocricetus 25 Assiminea, Pecos 114 atramentaria, Victaphanta 175 auratus, Trachypithecus 15 Assiminea 114, 210 atrata, Dorcopsis 4 aurea, Diplommatirui 210 ASSI1V1INEIDAE 114, 187,210,256 atrata, Emballonura 10 aurea, Hypseleotris 244 ASTACIDAE 93 atrata, Pteralopex 9 aurea, Litoria 166 Astacoides 95, 208 atratulus, Anergates 99 aurea, Tominanga 79 Astacopsis 95 atremius suigensis, Rhodeus 236 aureocincta, Bangsia 54 astacus, Astacus 93 atricapilla, Heteronetta 147 aureodorsalis, Buthraupis 54 y4irac«.s 93 atricapiUus, Vireo 56 aureola, Mandarina 214 Astalotilapia 184 84, atriceps. Carduelis 163 aureonucha, Ploceus 57 ASTEIIDAE 250 atriceps, Echiopsis 62 aureospinula, Podogymnura 6 asthenes, Aphaoslracon 1 1 Atrichornis 47 aureus, Afrixalus 243 Asthcnes 45, 155 ATRICHORNITHIDAE 47 aureus, Arctocebus 139 asticla, Mecistogaster 108 Atrichotoxon 215 aureus, Euplectes 164

Astraea 1 1 atrifrons, Odontophorus 149 aureus, Hapalemur 14 Astrapia, Arfak 164 atrimaxillaris, Habia 55 aureus, Poecilmitis 170 Aslrapia, Ribbon-tailed 58 atripinne, Moxostoma lATi aureus, Somatogyrus 211 Astrapia 58, 164 atrocaerulea, Hirundo 48 aureus, Teinopalpus 208 astrifer, Sanopus 78 atrocaudata, Terpsiphone 160 auricapilla, Aratinga 40 ajlur, Eutriorchis 33 atrogutaris, Arborophila 149 auriceps, Cyanoramphus 152 asturiensis, Cryptosaccus 174 atrogularis, Clytoclantes 198 auricularia, Margaritifera 110 astuta, Amplirhagada 121 Atrophaneura 105,208 auricularis, Pujfmus 30 A,rfyanaAr 236 atropos, Atrophaneura 105 auriculata, Partula 190

264 1 1 5

auriculatus, Dorcus 249 avalona, Strymon 103 bacchus, Pyrgulopsis 211 Auriculella 188, 213 avalonense, Radiocentrum 126 bachmanii. Vermivora 56 aurita, Aprasia 60 avellanarius, Muscardinus 145 bactrianus, Camelus 20 aurita, Callithrix 14 avellanum, Pleurobema 1 1 badeigularis, Spelaeomis 52 aurita, Ceogale 241 /lve«iO«M 211 badensis, Bythinella 1 1 aurita, Myzopoda 1 avemalis, Fluminicola 211 Badger, Palawan Stink 17 aurita, Nycteris 1 36 averni, Beddomeia 1 14 badhami, Lepidochrysops 103 auritum, Crossoptilon 149 AVES 29, 131, 146, 179, 197, 242, 245 badia, Catopuma 16 auritus, Batrachostomus 198 aviator, Nyctalus 138 badius kirkii. Procolobus 223 auritus, Mesocapromys 28 Aviceda 148 badius bouvieri, Procolobus 222 aurivillii, Cymothoe 253 avittata, PolyphyUa 250 badius ellioti, Procolobus 245 aurivilliusi, Graphium 208 Avocettula 153 badius epieni, Procolobus 222 aurocapitata, Cuora 200 avunculus, Rhinopithecus 15 badius foai. Procolobus 222 aurolineata, Percina 84 Awalycaeus 213 badius gordonorum, Procolobus 223 aurorae, Ducula 39 >4waouj 206 badius langi, Procolobus llJi aurulentus, Piculus 155 Awlbill, Fiery-tailed 153 badius lulindicus, Procolobus 223 austeni, Garrulax 198 axelrodi, Chilatherina 243 badius oustaleti, Procolobus 245 australasia, Todirhamphus 154 axillaris, Pterodroma 30 badius parmentierorum, Procolobus australasica, Macquaria 206 axillimentus, Sicyopus 87 223 australe, Cheirodon 203 /Ijtw 20, 226 badius pennantii, Procolobus 223 australe, Etheostorrm 83 Axolotl 68 badius preussi. Procolobus 223 australica, Calamoecia 91 Aye-aye 14 badius rufomitratus, Procolobus 223 australiensis, Rhynchochydorus 90 ayresi, Sarothrura 37 badius semlikiensis, Procolobus 223 australis australis, Petaurus 220 Avr/iya 32 badius temminckii. Procolobus 223 australis packardi, Orconectes 131 Ayu-fish, Ryukyu 236 badius tephrosceles, Procolobus 245 australis, Lacerta 243 Ayumodoki 203 badius tholloni, Procolobus 245 australis, Apleryx 29 azarae, Dasyprocta 28 badius waldroni, Procolobus 223 australis, Aslauga 102 azoreum, Nyctalus 13 badius, Procolobus 140 aztecus, Molossus 139 australis, Austrogammarus 1 85 baeodon, Maxomys 24 australis, Basilichthys 168 Azul, Cachorrito de Charco 80 fcaeW, Aythya 32 australis, Crateromys 23 azurea, Cochoa 50 fcaeri, Hylomyscus 242 australis, Dryococelus 187 azurius, Poecilmitis 103 feaeri, Poospiza 55 158 australis, Dusicyon 177 Babax. Giant fcaeri, Sandracottus 249 Babax, Tibetan 158 australis, Engaeus 95 baerii baerii, Acipenser 235 Bafcox 158 australis, Eubalaena 129 baerii baikalensis, Acipenser 235 Babbler, Bagobo 53 australis, Callirallus 149 baerii stenorrhynchus, Acipenser 235 Babbler, Black-browed 51 australis, Helicarion 245 baerii, Acipenser 70 Babbler, Chestnut-faced 160 australis, Ictalurus 203 Baetica 109 Babbler, Deignan's 52 australis, Lagenorhynchus 195 baeticus, Dussartius 92 Babbler, Ferruginous 160 australis, Lampsilis 255 BAETIDAE 250 Babbler. Hame-tempied 52 australis, Megascolides 110 Bagangan 72, 73 Babbler, Golden-crowned 160 australis, Mergus 179 BAGRIDAE 76, 203, 247 Babbler, Grey-breasted 159 australis, Myotis 194 Baiji 19 Babbler, Iraq 160 baikalensis, australis, Ningbingia 122 Epischura 92 Babbler, Jerdon'sSO baileyi baileyi, Naemorhedus australis, Ordtrachia 174 229 Babbler, Marsh 51 baileyi cranbrooki, australis, 135 Naemorhedus 229 Petaurus Babbler, Melodious 51 baileyi, Crenichthys 79 australis, Phalcoboenus 149 Babbler, Pygmy 160 baileyi, Crocidura 6 australis, Pseudomys 26 Babbler, Rufous-tailed 158 baileyi, Naemorhedus 21 australis, Pseudophryne 167 Babbler, Rusty-crowned 160 baileyi, Noturus 75 australis, Tadarida 139 Babbler, Slender-billed 160 baileyi, Thermophis 61 australis, Taphozous 136 Babbler, Snowy-throated 52 baileyi, Xenospiza 55 australis, Telmatobufo 201 Babbler, Sooty 52 bailleui, Loxioides 56 Australophocaena 196 Babbler, Vanderbilt's51 bailloni, Baillonius 154 Austretaps 61 Babbler, White-breasted 52 Baillonius 154 austriaca, Orcula 215 Babbler, White-chested 160 bainsii, Sandelia 88 austriana, Belgrandiella 115 babelis, Latiaxis 173 bairdi, Oreomystis 56 Austroassiminea 114 babelthuapi, Palaua 215 bairdii, Acanthidops 162 Austrochloritis 173 baberi. Hylopetes 142 bairdii, Berardius 130 Austrocordulia 106 Babirusa 20 bairdii, Tapirus 19 Austrogammarus 185 Baboon, Gelada 140 bairdii, Trogon 153 Austroglanis 76, 203 Baboon, Guinea 140 baiulus, Schayera 108 Austromenidia 204 Baboon, Hamadryas 140 bakeri, Ducula 39 Austropotamobius 93 Babyrnusa 20 bakeri, Sericulus 58 Austrosaga 109 babyrussa, Babyrousa 20 bakossiorum, Tilapia 86 autocrator, Parrmssius 105 bacca. Nesopupa 216 Balaena M'i.llA.lli Avadavat, Green 57 Baccalena 173 balaenarum. Sterna 150 Ava/ii 14,241 bacchus, Lepidochrysops 170

265 3 1 1 1 9

Balaeniceps 147 Barb, Shortfin 71 Basilichthys 168,204 BALAENICIPITIDAE 147 Barb, Side Striped 132 basilicus, Basileuterus 163 BALAENIDAE 18, 129,224 Barb, Treur River 132 basilii, Hybomys 143 Balaenoptera 18, 129, 141, 195, 225 Barb, Two Spot 132 Basilomis 164 barbadensis. BALAENOPTERIDAE 18, 129, 141, Amazona 40 basimi, Caecocypris 71 195, 225 barbara senex. Eira 224 basispina, Branchinella 91 208 BALANIDAE barbarae, Astatotilapia 84 baska, Batagur 64 Balantiocheilos 71 barbarus, Otus 152 BASOMMATOPHORA 112, 173, 187, Balanliopteryx 10, 136 Barbastella 11 209, 256 Balanus 208 barbastellus, Barbastella 1 Bass, Giant Sea 82 balbus, Mixophyes 67 barbata, Penelope 34 Bass, Guadalupe 206 balconis, Stygobromus 89 barbata, Polyphylla 250 Bass, Roanoke 83 baldwini, Nesopupa 216 Barbatula 203 Bass, Suwannee 169

baliensis, Rasbora 74 barbatus ahoenobarbus, Sus 226 Bassaricyon 17, 140 Baligi, Dislisazancik79, 243 barbatus oi, Sus 226 Bassariscus 140 Baligi, Gokce 71 barbatus, Amytornis 158 Bat, Angolan Epauletted Fruit 136 Baligi, Incilevrek 236 barbatus, Dendrortyx 34 Bat, Big Long-nosed 1 Baligi, Ot 236 barbatus, Xenuromys 145 Bat, Bonin Fruit 9 Baligi, Siraz 167 Barbel, Iberian 71 Bat, Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruitl36 Baligi, 73 Yag Barbel-gudgeon, Dalmatian 71 Bat, Buettikofer's Epauletted Fruit8 Balik, 77 Ala Barbet, Black-banded 154 Bat. Bulmer's Fruit 8 Batistes 88 Barbet, Brown-throated 154 Bat, Cuban Flower 137 BALISTIDAE 88 Barbet, Chaplin's 154 Bat, Cusp-toothed Fruit 9 BALITORIDAE 74, 132,203 Barbet, Five-coloured 44 Bat, d'Anchieta's Fruit 9 balli, Lepidochrysops 103 Barbet, Orange-fronted 154 Bat, Dyak Fruit 136 balli, Otus 152 Barbet, Red-crowned 154 Bat, East African Collared Fruit9 balli, Poecilmitis 103 Barbet, Red-faced 154 Bat, Fischer's Pygmy Fruit ballmanni, Malimbus 57 Barbet, Scarlet-hooded 154 Bat, Geelvinck Bay Leaf-nosed 10 ballochi. Kiunga 78 Barbet, Toucan 154 Bat, Geelvink Bay Fruit 9 baloni, Gymnocephalus 206 Barbet, White-mantled 44 Bat, Ghost 10 balsetensis, Siettitia 185 barbiger, Procambarus 94 Bat, Golden-capped Fruit 8 balstoni, Nannatherina 206 Barbopsis 71 Bat, Greater Mouse-eared 138 baluensis, Rattus 26 barbouri, Graptemys 165 Bat, Greater Sheath-tailed 10 Bamboowren, Spotted 155 barbouri, Petromyscus 26 Bat, Grey 12 bamendae, Apalis 49 Barbouria 95 Bat, Guam Fruit 177 banalica, Imnadia 92 Barbtail, White-throated 45 Bat, Hawaiian Hoary 245 Bat, Hayman's Epauletted banatica, Zubovskia 108 Barbus 71, 132, 167,202 Fruit9 Bat, Indiana 12 Bandicoot, Ceram 193 barerae bunta, Kedestes 252 Bat, Jamaican Flower Bandicoot, Desert 177 bargibanti. Hippocampus 205 11 Bat, Javan Mastiff 13 Bandicoot, Eastern Barred 4, 219 Barkudia 200 Bat, Javan Tail-less Fruit 9 Bandicoot, Giant 193 barnardi, Austroglanis 76 Bandicoot, Bat, Javan Thick-thumbed 138 Golden 4, 219 barnardi. Colophon 99 Bandicoot, Bat, Kitti's Hog-nosed 10 Mouse 193 barnardi, Kapcypriodopsis 97 Bandicoot, Papuan 193 Bat, Lesser Angolan Epauletted Fruit8 barnardi, Paramelita 90 Bandicoot, Pig-footed 177 Bat, Lesser Naked-backed Fruit 136 bamesiana, Fusconaia 172 Bandicoot, Southern Brown 219 Bat, Lesser Tube-nosed 9 baroni, Metallura 43 Bandicoot, Western Barred4, 219 Bat, Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit 136 Baronia, Short-horned 171 bandula, Pimtius 73 Bat, Long-fingered 12 Baronia 171 bangsi, Grallaria 155 Bat, Long-tailed Fruit 9 barreimiae, Garra 11 Bangsia 54, 162 Bat, Malaita Tube-nosed 9 barrenensis, Letomola 214 Bat, Moss-forest bangwaensis, Bradypterus 158 Blossom 10 barrerae, Tympanoctomys 28 Bankclimber, Purple 255 Bat, New Britain Naked-backed 136 barretti, Tasmanipatus 255 Banksula 88 Bat, New Zealand Lesser Short-tailed 13 barri, Caecidotea 96 Bat, Orange Fruit 9 bannermani, Ploceus 57 barri, Stygobromus 89 Bat, Orange Leaf-nosed 1 bannennani, Tauraco 42 barrioi, Alsodes 201 Bat, Palau Fruit 177 Banteng 20 bartelsi, Hylopetes 142 Bat, Panany Giant Fruit 177 Banza 109 bartelsi, Spizaetus 33 Bat, Philippine Baolan 73 Bare-backed Fruit 177 barthi, Biomphalaria 1 1 Bat, Philippines Tube-nosed Fruit9 baoulan. Punlius Ti barthi, Bulinus 173 Bat, Pond 12 Barasingha, Upland 226 bartoni, Chirostoma 78 Bat, Puerto Rican Flower 177 Baratanago, Nippon 236 bartoni, Cichlasoma 85 Bat, Pygmy Fruit 136 baraui. Pierodroma 30 bartoni, Prognathochromis Bat, Raffray's Sheath-tailed 129 Barb, Asoka 236 184 Barwing, Streaked 158 Bat, Ridley's Leaf-nosed 10 Barb, Black Ruby 132 basajauna, Oxychilus 175 Bat, Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit 136 Barb, Border 71 basilanica, Bat, Sao Tome Collared Fruit 9 Barb, Cherry 132 Ficedula 50 Bat, Seram Fruit 9 Barb, Marico 71 basilaris japonica, Matrona 237 Bat, Seychelles Sheath-tailed 10 Barb, Namaquab 167 Basileuterus 55, 163

266 1 59

Bat, Short-palate Fruit 136 Bear, Mexican Grizzly 224 Beetle Fig Seed Diving 248 Bat, Silvery Fruit 193 Bear, Polar 129 Beetle Folkert's Diving 248 Bat, Small-toothed Fruit Bear, Sloth 18 Beetle Ford's 250

Bat, Sucker-footed 1 Bear, Spectacled 18 Beetle Frigate Island Giant Tenebrionid Bat, Sulawesi Fruit 136 Bear, Sun 195 99 Bat, Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit 136 beatrix, Chalinolobus 137 Beetle. Frost's Spring Scarab 250 Bat, Swift Fruit 136 beatus, Crocidura 6 Beetle Gammon's Riffle 99 Bat, Talaud Fruit 8 beauforti, Dobsonia 8 Beetle. Ghost Walker 248 Bat, Townsend's Big-eared 13 beaumonti, Hemistoma 116 Beetle Giuliani's Dune Scarab 99 Bat, Western Naked-backed Fruits Beaver, Admiralty Island 231 Beetle. Giuliani's Riffle 249 Bat, Wroughton's Free-tailed 13 Beaver, Broad-tail 245 Beetle Globose Dune 99 Batagur 64 Beaver, Eurasian 142 Beetle. Greenest Tiger 248 batchi, Cambarus 93 Beaver, Mongolian 245 Beetle Hardy's Scarab 249 batesi, Neotragus 141 Beaver, Point Arena Mountain 230 Beetle Hercules 250 batesi, Phyciodes 253 Beaver, Point Reyes Mountain 230 Beetle Hermit 99 batesi, Ploceus 57 Beaver, Rio Grande 245 Beetle. Hopping's Blister 249 batesi, Prionomys 144 Bebrornis 50 Beetle Hungerford's Crawling Water249 Bathanalia 119 Becard, Slaty 156 Beetle Idaho Dunes Tiger 248 Balhmocercus 50 beccarii, Cochoa 50 Beetle. Indiana Minute Moss 249 Beetle. Kauai BATHYERGIDAE 145 beccarii, Crocidura 6 Flightless Stag 249 Beetle Kelso Scarab 250 Bathyergus 145 bechsteini, Myotis 12 Dune Beetle Large Scarab 249 Bathygobius 206 becki, Pterodroma 30 Beetle Leech's Skyline Diving248 Bathyraja 201 Beckianum 175 Beetle Leech's Water Scavenger249 bathysciodes, Glacicavicola 99 beddardi, Bassaricyon 140 Beetle Little Riffle 249 Batillaria 210 Beddomeia 114, 115, 188,256 Beetle Los Olmos Tiger 248 BATILLARIDAE 210 bedfordi, Proedromys 144 Beetle Marron's San Carlos Riffle249 Batis, Gabon 198 bedfordi, Terpsiphone 160 Beetle Maureen's Minute Moss249 Batis 198 bednalli, Sinumelon 122 Beetle Maureen's Moss 249 Batomys 197, 242 Bedot.a 204 Beetle Miami Roundhead Scarab 250 batrachocephalus, Mesogobius 206 Bee, Anlioch Andrenid 251 Beetle Moapa Warm Springs Riffle249 Batrachoides 78 Bee, Wallace's Giant 208 Beetle Moestan Blister 249 BATRACHOIDIDAE 78 Bee, Yellow Banded Andrenid 251 Beetle Mojave Desert Blister 249 78 beeri. Acneus 249 BATRACHOIDIFORMES Beetle Mojave Rabbitbrush Longhorn Beetle, Caracara Scarab250 Batrachophrynus 67 Commensal 248 Beetle, American Burying 99 Batrachoseps 68 Beetle Molestan Blister 249 Beetle, Animas Minute Moss 249 Batrachostomus 153, 198 Beetle Mono Lake Diving 185 Beetle, Anthony Blister 249 Batrachuperus 68 Beetle Morrison's Blister 249 Beetle, Antioch Dunes 248 battoides comslocki, Euphilotes 252 Beetle Narrow-foot Diving 248 Battus 105 Beetle, Archbold Scarab 250 Beetle Neojuvenile Tiger 248 Beetle, Arizona Water Penny 249 batty i, Leptotila 151 Beetle North-eastern Beach Tiger248 Beetle, Arizona Water Scavenger 249 baudii. Pitta 156 Beetle Oblivious Tiger 248 Beetle, Atascodera Scarab 250 Baudinella 173 Beetle Ocala Burrowing Scarab 250 Beetle, Barbate Scarab 250 baudinensis, Baudinella 173 Beetle Pacific Sand Bear Scarab 250 Beetle, Beer's False Water Penny249 baudinianus, Dromaius 179 Beetle Parker's Riffle 249 Beetle, Beller's Ground 248 baudinii, Calyptorhynchus 40 Beetle Perrin's Cave 185 Beetle, Big Pine Key Dung 250 baumanni, Phyllastrephus 157 Beetle Piko Anobiid 248 Beetle, Blind Cave 99 baunti, Coregonus 204 Beetle Pinnacles Riffle 249 Blue 169 Beetle, Ground Beetle Puritan Tiger 98 bavarica, Bythinella 1 1 Beetle, Bog Idol Leaf 248 Whirligig249 bavaricus, Microtus 178 Beetle, Red Hills Unique Riffle 249 Beetle, Brown's Beetle, Ricksecker's Water Scavenger Bavispe, Matalote del 75 Beetle, Brownish Riffle 249 249 Bay-owl, Congo 42 Beetle, Burnell's False Water Penny249 Beetle, Robust Riffle 249 Bayadera 238 Beetle, Cazier's Tiger 248 Beetle, Rude's Longhorn 248 bayleyi, Dendrocitta 164 Beetle, Ciervo Scarab 99 Beetle Sacramento 98 bayoni, Prognathochromis 184 Beetle, Cobblestone Tiger 169 Beetle San Joaquin Dune 99 bayoni, Xystichromis 1 85 Beetle, Columbia River Tiger 98 Beetle Schaum's Blue Ridge Ground248 Baza, Jerdon's 148 Beetle, Coral Pink Dunes Tiger 248 Beetle. Scott Riffle 249 Bdeogale 16,224 Beetle, Cresent Dune Scarab 99 Beetle. Scrub Island Burrowing Scarab beadlei, Paralabidochrumis 85 Beetle, Curved-foot Diving 248 250 ill beadleianum, Pleurobema Beetle, Death Valley Agabus Diving248 Beetle Scrub Palmetto Flower Scarab 250 bealei, Sacalia 64 Beetle, Delta Green Ground 98 Beetle Seclusive Water Scavenger249 Beamys 23, 143 Beetle, Devil's Hole Warm Spring Riffle Beetle Six-banded Longhorn 248 Bean, Choctaw 256 249 Beetle Smyth's Tiger 248 Bean, Cumberland 256 Beetle, Disjunct Crawling Water249 Beetle Spangler's Diving 248 Bean, Purple 256 Beetle, Dohrn's Elegant Eucnemid249 Beetle. Spiny Florida Sandhill Scarab250 Bean, Rayed 256 Beetle, Douglas Riffle 249 Beetle. Stark's False Water Penny249 Bear, Asiatic Black 18 Beetle, Elusive Diving 248 Beetle Stephan's Riffle 249 Bear, Baluchistan 224 Beetle, Exiguous Scarab 250 Beetle. Subtropical Blue-Black Tiger248

267 1 3 1 1

Beetle, Sulphur Springs Diving 248 benneti, Meridolum 122 biangulatus, Samatogyrus 21 Beetle, Sylvan Diving 248 bennelti, Casuarius 146 Biotas 45 Beetle, Tantula Scarab 250 bennetti, Cazella 130 bibikoffi, Myrmica 101 Beetle, Texas Cave 248 bennettianus, Dendrolagus 135 Bibimys 143 Beetle, Texas Minute Moss 249 bennettii, Cynogale 18 bibrani, Pelachelys 66 Beetle, Tibial Scarab 250 benschi. Manias 35 bibranii, Pseudaphryne 167 Beetle, Tiger 248 bensoni. 'Lophopsittacus' 180 bicarinata, Archachalina 121 Beetle, Tooth Cave Ground 248 bensoni, Pseudocossyphus 52 bicarinata, Bythinella 115 Beetle, Tortoise Commensal Scarab 250 Benthophiloides 206 bicarinata, Discula 124 Band-thigh Diving248 Beetle, Travertine beoticus, Pseudophoxinus 73 bicarinatus, Lanistes 1 1 Beetle, Utah Diving 248 Berardius 130 bicolor bicolor, Saguinus 221 249 Beetle, Utah Minute Moss berezovskii, Moschus 141 bicalar ssp., Gila 246 Scavenger 249 Beetle, Utah Water bergeri, Homopus 65 bicolor, Carelia 189 Valley Elderberry Longhorn248 Beetle, bergi, Gymnocharacinus 75 bicolor, Caracina 157 Beetle, Variegated False Water Penny249 berkeleyi, Hemicycla 174 bicolor, Epalzeorhynchos 183 Beetle, Warm Spring Riffle 249 berlandieri, Gopherus 243 bicolor, Macropleurodus 85 Beetle, Wawawona Riffle 249 berlepschi, Acestrura 43 bicolor, Rhyacamis 52 Beetle. White Mountains Water Penny berlepschi, Asthenes 45 bicolor, Trichastama 160 249 berlepschi, Dacnis 54 bicancava, Hirasea 214 Beetle, White Sand Bear Scarab 250 berlepschi, Thripophaga 155 biconica, Trichia 215 Beetle, Wilbur Springs Minute Moss249 Bermudalana 97 bicornis, Diceras 19 Beetle, Wing-shoulder Minute Moss249 Bermudamysis 97 bicamis, Womersleymeria 250 Beetle, Woodruffs Dung 250 bermudensis, Bogidiella 89 biddulphi, Podoces 58 Beetle, Woody Gulf Dune Scarab 250 bermudensis, Currassanthura 96 bidenalus, Muscacyclops 132 Beetle, Woolly Diving 248 bermudensis, Spelaeoecia 96 bidens, Mesoplodon 196 behnii, Micronycteris 1 BEHNINGIIDAE 250 bermudensis, Speleoithona 92 bidens, Rousettus 136 bidens, Sturnira 137 beldingi, Geothlypis 55 berrmrdi, Epimyrma 100 Vampyressa 137 Belenois 253 bernardi, Leptichnus 215 bidens, bidentatus, Antichthonidris 100 Belgrandiella 115, 188, 211 bernardina, Pyrgulopsis 211 bernardini, 75 bidentatus, Aphaenogaster 100 belki, Branchinecta 91 Catostomus allyni, Euphilotes 252 bidwilli, Papuexul 174 belkini, Brennania 99 bernardina 135 bidyanus, Bidyanus 83 bella, Goethalsia 153 bernardus, Macropus 83 Bellamya 119, 120 berneri, Heteraclean 250 Bidyanus Bellbird, Bare-throated 156 bernieri. Anas 32 bielzii clathrata, Alopia 239 Bellbird, Three-wattled 46 bernieri, Orialia 49 biemarginata, Dysnomia 187 bellei, Progomphus 107 bernsteini. Sterna 38 biemargirmta, Epiablasma 110 belleri, Agonum 248 bernsteinii, Megapodius 149 Bienkotetrix 109 belli, Mathewsoconcha 125 berrisfardi, Colophan 99 bierzona, Helicella 126 Berryeater, Black-headed 46 fciVri, Fe/ii 195 bellii, Beddomeia 1 14 bellula, Achatinella 120 Berryeater, Hooded 156 /;(>?(, Garrulax 50 bellula, Elimia 117 Berrypecker, Obscure 199 fe/eJi, Rhinopithecus 15 bellulus, Margarornis 155 bertha, Cyanophrys 102 bifasciata, Saxicola 160 Belocephalus 109 BETHYLIDAE 251 bifasciatus, Cyprinodon lAI Selevinia 28 Belomys 142 belpakdalaensis, bifurcatus, Stygobramus 89 Beloneuria 254 betsileanus, Ptychochromaides 86 bifurcus, Chilaglanis 76 betsileaensis, Astacoides 208 BELONIFORMES 80, 168, 205, 243 Bighorn, Nelson's 229 Belontia 132 betsileoensis, Brachyuramys 143 Bighorn, Rimrock 229 BELONTIIDAE 88, 132 Betta 88 bikolanus, Redigobius 169 Beloribitsa 236 Bettong, Brush-tailed 219 bilamellata, Helenodiscus 189 Belostoma 250 Bettong, Burrowing 219 Bilby 4 BELOSTOMATIDAE 250 Bettong, Eastern 219 Bilby, Lesser 177 belphegor, Nirodia 103 Bettong, Northern 4 bilensis, Gerbillus 24 Bettong, Tasmanian 135, 219 beltrani, Cyprinodon 79 bilera, Ecclisomyia 255 Bettongia 4, 129, 135.219 Beluga 70, 236 bilineata, Partula 190 belvica, Chalcalburnus 167 betulina, Sicista 143 ii/itij, Cazella 21 175 belzebul ululata, Alouatta 221 betulanensis, Trachoidea billakalina, Fonscochlea 1 16 betzebuth belzebuth, Ateles 221 beuttikaferi quadrigutta, Eleuthemis biloba, Kimminsaperla 254 238 belzebulh bnmneus, Ateles 221 bimaculatus, Aglymbus 248 bezaarticus bezoarticus, Ozotoceras belzebuth hybridus, Ateles 221 bindal, Euastacus 96 227 belzebuth, Ateles 14 binghami, Notarthrinus 252 bezoarticus celer, Ozataceras 227 bemini, Tilapia 86 Binneya 213 bezaarticus leucogaster, Ozataceras bengalensis iriomotensis, Prionailurus binominata, Lampsilis 1 1 227 224 binturong whitei, Arctictis 224 bezoarticus, Ozatoceros 141 bengalensis, Eupodotis 11 Binturong, Palawan 224 Bhutanitis 105,208,244 bengalensis. Gyps 148 biocellatus, Glossogobius 169 biaculeatus, Sygnathoides 205 bengalensis, Vulpes 195 Biamphalaria 113, 173 biangulata, Ceorissa 209 benguetanus, Papilio 171 biplicata, Lamellidea 120

268 3 1 15

bipunctata, Bryonia 250 Blacksnake, St Vincent 61 Blue-eye, Honey 78 Bird-of-paradise, Biue 58 blainvillei, Echimys 146 Blue-Eye, Paska's 205 Bird-of-paradise, Emperor 164 blainvillei, Pontoporia 196 Blue-Eye, Popondetta 243 Bird-of-paradise, Goldie's58 blainvillii, Mormoops 137 Blue-eye, Red-finned 79 Bird-of-paradise, Macgregor's58 blakei, Crallaria 155 Blue-flycatcher, Large-billed 158 Bird-of-paradise, Red 164 blakistoni. Ketupa 42 Blue-flycatcher, Malaysian 158 Bird-of-paradise, Wilson's 164 Blanca, Dama Ciega 77 Blue-flycatcher, Rueck'sSO Bird-of-paradise, Yellow-breasted 199 blanci, Chitala 167 Blue-flycatcher, White-bellied 158 Birddrop, Insular 175 blandingii, Emydoidea 165 Bluebuck 178 Birdwing, Chimaera 171 Blanfordimys 143 Bluetongue, Pygmy 61 Birdwing, Paradise 244 blarina, Myosorex 1 blumenbachii, Crax 34 Birdwing, Queen Alexandra's 105 Blarinella 136 blythii, Tragopan 35 Birdwing, Rothschild's 105 Blarinomys 143 Boa, Bahamas 246 Birdwing, Talaud Black 105 btasii, Rhinolophus 137 Boa, Cuban 165 Birgus 207 Blastocerus 20 Boa, Dumeril's 61 birmanicus, Lacconectus 248 BLATTARIA 247 Boa, Jamaican 61 bisaltide andamana, Doleschallia253 BLATTIDAE 247 Boa, Madagascar 61 biscaiense, Zospeum 1 1 Bleak, Danube 202 Boa, Madagascar Tree 61 Bischoffena 214 Bleak, Italian 71 Boa, Mona Island 234 bischoffensis, Bischoffena 214 Bleda 48 Boa, Puerto Rican 165 bisectus, Orconectes 94 Boa, Round Island 182 Bleeding-heart, Luzon 151 bisetosus, Boa, Round Island Keel-scaled Fibulacamptus 96 Bleeding-heart, Mindanao 39 61 Boa, Rubber Bishop, Golden-backed 164 Bleeding-heart, Mindoro39 246 Boa. Virgin Islands bishopi, Catharopeza 55 Bleeding-heart, Negros 39 234 bishopi, Clyomys 28 Bleeding-heart, Sulu 39 boanensis, Monarcha 5 bobak, bishopi, Moho 54 bleheri, Chilatherina 78 Marmota 131 bishopi, Nesopupa 216 BLENNIIDAE 206 bobrinskoi. Eptesicus 138 Bison, American 130 Blenny, Tayrona 87 bocagei, Bostrychia 31 bison, Bison 130 BLEPKAROCERIDAE 99 bocagii, Amaurocichla 49 Bison, European 20 Blesbok 228 bocagrande, Cyprinella 71 Bison 20, 130 blewitti, Athene 42 Bocagrande, Sardinita71 bispinosa, Boeckella 91 blighi, Myiophonus 51 Bocon, Guayacon 80 bispinosus, Euastacus 96 Blindcat, Toothless 75 bocourti, Phoboscincus 200 bistriata, Isothrix 146 Blindcat, Widemouth 75 bodenheimeri, Pipistrellus 139 bisulcus, Hippocamelus 20 Bloater 77 Boeckella 91 Biswamayopterus 22 blofeldi, Chilonopsis 191 boehlkei, Elassoma 169 biswasi, Biswamayopterus 22 blomberg', Bulimulus 126 boesemani, Melanotaenia 78 Bitis 62 blossomae, Euploea 170 boettgeri, Pronesopupa 216 bitorquatus, Rhinoptilus 37 Blossomcrown 153 Boettgeria 123 bitridentata, Opanara 123 Blue, Alcon Large 170 bofilliana, Montserratina 174 Bitterling, Itasenpara71 Blue, Bohart's 252 Bofilliella 123 Bitterling, Tokyo 74 Blue, Comstock's 252 Boga-Portuguesa 71 Bittern, Australasian 31 Blue, Dusky Large 170 bogalusensis, Skislodiaptomus 20V Bittern, Black-backed 179 Blue, El Segundo 252 bogdanovi, Dinaromys 143 Bittern, Forest 147 Blue, Greater Large 170 Bogidiella 89 Bittern, Schrenck's 147 Blue, Higgin's Anomalous 103 BOGIDIELLIDAE 89 Bitungu 73 Blue, Karner 252 BOIDAE 61, 165, 182, 234, 246 BIVALVIA 110, 133, 172, 187, 209, 238, Blue, Langston's 252 boitonei, Cynolebias 79 244, 255 Blue, Large 170 bojerii fontenayi, Gongylomorphus 246 bivaricosus etheridgei, Placostylus 239 Blue, Lotis 252 bojnicensis. Belgrandiella 1 1 bivaricosus, Placostylus 126 Blue, Mattoni's 252 bokermanni, Lonchophylla 1 bivexilla, Speleophria 97 Blue, Mission 252 Bolborhynchus 40 bivittata, Buettikoferella 158 Blue, Moro Bay 252 bolei, Monolistra 97 biionatus, Sandracottus 249 Blue, Naga Hedge 252 boliviensis, Abrocoma 28 Black-cockatoo, Glossy 40 Blue, Palos Verdes 252 bollii, Columba 38 Black-cockatoo, Slender-billed40 Blue, Pheres 252 bollonsi, Placostylus 121 Black-cockatoo, White-tailed40 Blue, Piedmont Anomalous 103 Boloria 104 Black-tyrant, Hudson's 156 Blue, San Emigdio 252 Bolson, Perrito del 243 Blue, Scarce Large 170, 252 Blackbird, Forbes's 56 boltoni, Aethopyga 161 Blue. Sierra Nevada 103 Blackbird, Jamaican 163 Bolyeria 182 Blue, Smith's 252 Blackbird, Saffron-cowled 56 bombina, Bombina 132 Blue, Tailless 252 Blackbird, Yellow-shouldered56 Bombina 132 Blue, Texas Tailed 252 Blackbuck 20 bombinus, Myotis 138 Blue, Wineland 170 blackbumi, Manduca 254 bombus, Acestrura 43 Blue, Xerces 186 blackbumi, Pentarthrum 185 Bombycilla 157 Blue-Eye, Cape 243 Blackcap, Bush 159 BOMBYCILLIDAE 157 Blue-Eye, Forktail 243 blacki, Cambarellus 93 bomolensis, Gulella 216 Blue-eye, Glass 78 blacki, Orconectes 94

269 3 3 1 1

bonaeriensis, Phyllotis 144 boucardi, Amazilia 43 Branchinella 91 bonana, Icterus 56 bouchardi, Cambarus 93 BRANCHIPODIDAE 91 bonarensis, Balaenoptera 129 boueti, Typhlosynbranchus 205 brandli, Barbatula 203 Bonasa 149 bougainville bougainville, Perameles branickii, Dinomys 28 bonasia, Aphanapteryx 180 219 branickii, Leptosittaca 41 bonasus. Bison 20 bougainville fasciata, Perameles 219 Branta 32 Bongo 141 bougainville, Melomys 144 brasilensis, Caecorhamdella 204 Bongo, Eastern 230 bougainville, Perameles 4 brasiliana, Cercomacra 155 Bongo, Westen 230 bougainvillei, Actenoides 44 brasiliensis, Amazona 40 bonhotei, Gerbillus 24 bourguigrujti, Gonospira 175 brasiliensis, Pteronura 17 bonillai, Arius 76 bourguignati, Paladilhiopis 116 brasiliensis, Tadarida 139

Boninagrion 106 bourguignatiana, Renea 1 1 brassi, Philemon 199

Boninena 121 boumianum, Pleurobema 1 1 braueri, Antipodochlora 171 boninensis. Gastrocopta 127 bousfieldi, Gammarus 90 braunei, Benthophiloides 206 boninensis, Indolesles 107 fcov/, Fissuria 116 brauni, Laniarius 48 boninensis, Liardetia 124 BOVIDAE 20, 130, 141, 178, 227, 242, brazieri, Bothriembryon 121 Boninosuccinea 128 245 brazieri, Ostodes 212 Boninthemis 107 bovinus, Cyprinodon 79 Brazieria 217 bonita, Priapella 184 bowdoini, Mesoplodon 196 brazoriensis, Procambarus 94 bonnali, Lacerta 60 Bowerbird, Archbold's 58 bredanensis, Steno 196 Bowerbird, Fire-maned 58 bonnevillensis, Stagnicola 1 1 bregullae, Chaerephon 139 bonlanus, Rattus 26 Bowerbird, Golden 132 brehmii, Monarcha 51 Bowerbird, Golden-fronted 164 Bontebok 130,228 brelichi, Rhinopithecus 15 bonthaina, Ficedula 50 boweri, Colluricincla 158 brenchleyi, Ducula 39 Bowkeria 252 fcon/i, Telmatherina 243 brenchleyi, Pupina 212 Bonytongue, Asian 70 ftowmani, Stygobromus 89 Brennania 99 Boobook, Sumba 42 bowryensis, Beddomeia 1 14 bressanum, Bythiospeum 244 Booby, Abbott's 30 Boxeador, Cachorrito 80 brevibarbus, Ancharius 203 boyciana, Ciconia 31 Boodie 4, 219 brevicauda ishigakiana, Bayadera 238 boonsongi, Parahelicops 200 boyeri, Atherina 204 brevicaudata. Chinchilla 28 hoops, Harpagochromis 184 boykiniana, Elimia 117 brevicaudata, Microgale 241 boraborensis, Mautodontha 123 braccatus, Moho 54 brevicaudatus, Onchotelson 97 boraxobius, Gila 72 bracei, Chlorostilbon 181 breviceps, Blarinomys 143 78 borbonensis. Hippocampus 81 BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE breviceps. Hippocampus 205 Brachionichthys 78 Borbonibis 179 breviceps, Hipposideros 10 brachycephala, Myonycteris 9 borbonica mauritiana, Antanartia 253 breviceps, Kogia l/il 250 borbonica, Antanartia 253 Brachycercus breviceps, Polyergus 101 borbonica, Cylindraspis 182 brachycerus, Thestor 170 Breviceps 67 204 borbonicus, Scotophilus 13 Brachygalaxias brevicincta, Somatochlora 106 Brachylagus 146 bordaensis, Glyptorhagada 122 brevicomis, Baronia 171 brachylopha, 43 borealis, Balaenoptera 18 Lophomis brevidens, Dysnomia 255 borealis, Lissodelphis 242 Brachylophus 59 brevidens, Epioblasma 110 137 borealis, Numenius 37 Brachyphylla brevipalmata, Litoria 166 borealis, Picoides 45 Brachypteracias 44 brevipennis, Acrocephalus 49 50 boreas, Bufo 66 brachypterus, Dasyornis brevipennis, Vireo 163 158 bomeensis, Orlitia 166 Brachypteryx 50, brevipes, Aratinga 40 Brachyramphus 150 bomeoensis, Callagur 64 brevipinnis, Barbus 71 bommuelleri, Vipera 62 brachyrhynchus. Hippocampus 81 brevipinnis, Torguigener 207 Brachyleles 14 Boroda 87 brevirostris, Chasmistes 75 Brachythemis 107 Boromys 178 brevirostris, Orcaella 195 brachyura, Hystrix 28 borysthenicus, Leuciscus 202 brevirostris, Rissa 38 Bo5 20 Brachyuromys 143 brevirostrum, Acipenser 70 brachyurus, Accipiter 32 boschungi, Etheostoma 83 brevis, Adelotus 167 brachyurus, Crysocyon 140 boscoi, Ponticyclops 132 brevis, Avenionia 21 brachyurus, Ramphocinclus 49 Boselaphus 130 brevis, Chetia 84 brachyurus, Setonix 4 Bostrichthys 206 brevis, Elimia 1 17 Bracken-warbler, 158 Boslrychia 31 Cameroon brevistigmala okinawanus, Botaurus 3! bracteata, Lampsilis 172 Chlorogomphus 237 Bothriembryon 256 bradei, Holoaden 67 breweri, Antrobia 256 Bothriembryon 121, 256 bradshaweri, Bothriembryon 121 breweri, Antrorbis 114 Bothrops 62 BRADYBAENIDAE 121,213,239 breweri, Microtus 242 Bofia 74 BRADYPODIDAE 5 brewsteri, Siphonorhis 153 Bradypodion 59, 164, 165 Boto 19 breyeri, Tetradactylus 59 fcowwanae, Laephotis 138 Bradypterus 50, 158, 198 Briana 71 bottae umbratica, Charirw 246 Bradypus 5 briansmithi, Beddomeia 114 bottegoides, Crocidura 6 Branchinecta 91,244 briarea, Anetia 170 91, 244 Boubou, Turati's 157 BRANCHINECTIDAE Bridouxiana 119

270 1 8 1 1 1

bridwelli, Nesilhmysus 248 brunneus, Dromaeocercus 158 Bug, Robert's Wingless Thread251 bridwelli, Nesosydne 251 brunneus, Eptesicus 138 Bug, Rough-headed Seed 251 Brilliant, Pink-throated 153 brunneus, Paradoxornis 160 Bug, Saratoga Springs 250 Bristle-tyrant, Antioquia47 brunneus, Pteropus 177 Bug, Selium Wingless Thread 251 Bristle-tyrant, Southern 156 brunneus, Spcirops 53 Bug, Smith's Reduviid 251 Bristle-tyrant, Venezuelan 156 brunneus, Spermophilus 22 Bug, Villosan Flightless Seed 251 Bristlebill, Green-tailed 48 brunnipennis floridana, Photuris 249 buhleri, Coryphomys 178 Bristlebird, Eastern 50 brunnotesselata, Trigonoscuta 248 bulbicercus, Nanodectes 109 Bristlebird, Rufous 50 brunus, Hydromantes 68 Bulbul, Blue-wattled 198 Bristlebird, Western 50 Brush-finch, Dusky-headed 162 Bulbul, Grey-headed 157 Bristlefront, Slaty 155 Brush-finch, Pale-headed 54 Bulbul, Hook-billed 157 Bristlefront, Stresemann's46 Brush-finch, Rufous-eared 162 Bulbul, Mauritius 48 Bristlehead, Bornean 157 Brush-finch. White-riinmed 162 Bulbul, Nicobar 48 Bristletail, Hawaiian Long-palp254 Brush-finch, Yellow-headed 54 Bulbul, Spot-necked 48 Bristletail, Perkin's Club-palp254 Brush-turkey, Bruijn's34 Bulbul, Straw-headed 48 broadbenti, Dasyornis 50 Brush-warbler, Moheli 159 Bulbul, Streak-breasted 48 broadbenti, Peroryctes 193 bryani, Oceanides 251 Bulbul, Styan's 157 Bulbul, Yellow-eared 157 Broadbill, African Green 45 bryani, Rhyncogonus 185 Bulbul, Yellow-throated 157 Broadbill, Wattled 45 Bryania 250 Bulbul, Yellowish 157 broadleyi, Pelusios 65 bryantae, Philodice 153 bulenta. Problems 252 brochus, Syntheosciurus 142 bryanti, Neotoma 25 bulgardaghica, Vipera 62 brocki, Vampyressa 1 Brychius 249 Bulha, Mojarra de 236 bromeliarum, Aglymbus 248 bubalis, Bubalus 20 bulimoides rosea, Achatinella 238 Bronze-cuckoo, Green-cheeked 198 Bubalus 20 151 bulimoides, Achatinella 120 Bronzewing, Flock Bufco 42, 152 Britain 151 BULIMULIDAE 121,133,239,244 Bronzewing, New bubulum, Cristilabrum 121 Guinea 151 Bulimulus 126,215 Bronzewing, New buccinator, Cygnus 147 Bulinus 113, 173 brookei, Sundasciurus 142 BUCCINIDAE 173,213 bulla, Ningbingia 122 Brookesia 59 Bucco 154 bullaris, Tylomys 27 brooksi tearei, Poecilmitis 252 BUCCONIDAE 154 bullata, Allactaga 142 brooksi, Delanymys 242 buccula, Notropis 73 bullatus, Peromyscus 26 Brotogeris 152 bucculentus, Sus 178 bulleri, Diomedea 146 Brotomys 178 Buceros 154 bulleri, Puffinus 146 broughami, Cupedora 173 BUCEROTIDAE 44, 154 Bullfinch, Orange 163 Brown, Dickson's 253 bucharicus, Blanfordimys 143 Bullfinch, White-cheeked 163 Brown-dove, Dark-eared 39 buckleyi, Micrastur 242 bullocki, Brachygalaxias 204 brownae, Astatotilapia 84 buddii, Achatinella 188 bullocki, Telmatobufo 201 browni, Bulinus 173 Budorcas 21,227 Bullockia 204 browni, Microcylloepus 249 buergersi, Erythrotriorchis 198 Bully, Tarndale 87 browni, Monarcha 159 Buettikoferella 158 bulmerae, Aproteles 8 browni, Optioservus 249 buettikoferi, Epomops 8 bulolo, Chilatherina 204 brownii, Geocapromys 28 buettikoferi, Nectarinia 242 bulweri, Discula 124 brownii, Thylogale 4 buettneri, Leimacomys 24 bulweri, Lophura 35 brucei, Campellolebias 79 Buffalo, African 131 bungaroides, Hoplocephalus 62 bruchi, Oxyepoecus 101 Buffalo, Wild Water 20 Bungu, Peso 87 bruijni, Pogonomelomys 26 Buffetia 125 bunkeri, Neotoma 25 bruijni, Zaglossus 3 B«/o 66, 166, 201 bunnii, Nesokia 144 bruijnii, Aepypodius 34 BUFONIDAE 66, 166, 201 Bunolagus 28 bruijnii, Epimachus 164 Bug, Amargosa 251 Bunomys 23, 143 brumbacki. Actus 14 Bug, Ana Wingless Thread 25 Bunting, Cinereous 162 brumbyi, Pleurocera 1 1 Bug, Annectans 251 Bunting, Gough 55 bruneauensis, Pyrgulopsis 211 Bug, Ash Meadows 251 Bunting, Grosbeak 55 brunei, Tryonia 212 Bug, Bryan's Seed 251 Bunting, Ochre-rumped 162 brunii, Thylogale 4 Bug, Dry Creek Cliff Strider 251 Bunting, Rose-bellied 162 brunnea, Hyaena 241 Bug, French Frigate Shoal Seed 251 Bunting, Rufous-backed 54 brunnea, Merycomyia 250 Bug, Hawaiian 251 Bunting, Slaty 162 brunneata, Rhinomyias 52 Bug, Kauai Band-legged Seed 251 Bunting, Socotra 55 Aplonis 57 Bug, Lanai Leaf 251 brunneicapilla, Bunting, Tibetan 162 Bug, Mauna Loa Seed 251 brunnescens, Dubiraphia 249 Bunting, Tristan 55 Bug, Mirid Leaf 251 brunnescens, Macaca 15 Bunting, Yellow 55 Bug, Mount Haleakala Seed 251 brunneus brunneus, Chlorogomphus Buntingi 80 Bug, Mount Tantalus Wingless Thread 238 Buntingi, Black 80 251 brunneus brunneus, Spermophilus 23 Buntingi, Duck-billed 80 Bug, Necker Bunchgrass Seed 251 brunneus endemicus, Spermophilus 23 Buntingi, Egg-carrying 81 Bug, Necker Goosefoot Seed 251 brunneus keramensis, Chlorogomphus Buntingi, Popta's 81 Bug, Nihoae Seed 251 238 BUPRESTIDAE 98 Bug, Perkin's Oceanides Seed 251 brunneus, Chalepoxenus 100 Buprestis 98 Bug, Pulchrus Thread 251

271 buraensis, Thapsia 125 Bustard, Great 37 Caddisfly, Contorted Micro 254 burbidgei, Petrogale 135 Bustard, Great Indian 37 Caddisfly, Denning's 254 burchellanus. Parides 171 Bustard, Houbara 242 Caddisfly, Deschutes Micro 254 burchelli, Aplothorax 248 Bustard, Little 150 Caddisfly, Fender's 255 burchelli, Pseudobarbus 73 Bustard, Little Brown 150 Caddisfly, Fischer's 254 burdigala. Betta 88 Bustard, Nubian 150 Caddisfly, Florida Longhorn254 burduricus, Aphanius 79 Butastur 148 Caddisfly, Florida Micro 254 burduricus, Arctodiaptomus 91 Butcherbird, Tagula 199 Caddisfly, Fort Dick 255 Caddisfly, bureschi, Barbatula 203 Buteo 33, 148 Goeden's 254 Caddisfly, Green Springs burgi. Pseudobarbus 73 Buthraupis 54 Mountain255 Caddisfly, Haddock's 255 Burmagomphus 107 bulls. Bulls 169 Caddisfly, Kiamath 255 burnetii, Acneus 249 Bulls 169 Caddisfly, King's Creek 255 burnesii, Prinia 52 bulleri, Accipiter 147 butleri, Sminlhopsis 4 Caddisfly, Kings Canyon 255 feurni, Victodrobia 117 Caddisfly, Kite's Micro 254 bumieri, Ploceus 57 Butterfly, Andrew's Marble 253 Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot253 Caddisfly, Knoxville Micro 254 burra, Certhilauda 47 Butterfly, Miami Blue 252 Caddisfly, Little Longhorn254 BURRAMYIDAE 4, 220 Caddisfly, Missouri 255 Burramys 4 Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr 253 Butterfly, Mono Checkerspot253 Caddisfly, Mount Hood 255 burrisi, Fallicambarus 94 Butterfly, Smokey Eyed Brown 253 Caddisfly, Obrien 255 Burrower, Piedmont Blue 93 Butterfly, Tawny Crescent 253 Caddisfly, One-spot 255 burrowsius. Neochanna 77 Butterfly, Uncompahgre Fritillaryl04 Caddisfly, Oregon 255 burrus, Ratlus 26 Butterflyfish, Easter Island 84 Caddisfly, Provost's Micro 254 burloni, Bathygobius 206 Butterflyfish, Marley's84 Caddisfly, San Marcos 254 burtoni, Gerbillus 24 Butterflyfish, Yellow-crowned 84 Caddisfly, Spiny 255 burloni, Percina 84 Buttonquail, Black-breasted 35 Caddisfly, Three-tooth 187 buruensis, Platynectes 249 Buttonquail, Buff-breasted 35 Caddisfly, Tobias' 187 burundensis, Tropodiaptomus 92 Buttonquail, Chestnut-backed 35 Caddisfly, Tombstone Prairie 255 fouryi, Sy/via 52 Buttonquail, Spotted 149 Caddisfly, Vertree's 254 buryillum, Cristilabrum 121 Buttonquail, Sumba 35 Caddisfly. Vertree's Micro 254 busbyi, 175 Paryphanta Buttonquail, Worcester's 35 Caddisfly, Zigzag Blackwater255 buschingeri, Leptothorax 100 buxloni, Tragelaphus 22 caddoensis, Plelhodon 167 busckana, Carolella 252 Buzzard, Rufous-winged 148 cadenati, Entomacrodus 206 buselaphus buselaphus, Alcelaphus 227 byrnei, Dasycercus 3 cadomae, Piplslrellus 139 buselaphus caama, Alcelaphus 111 byronii, Achalinella 120 Caecidolea 96, 97 buselaphus cokei, Alcelaphus in Bylhtnella 115,173,188,244 caecilia, Slrongylognalhus 102 buselaphus lelwel, Alcelaphus 111 Bvlhiospeum 1 15, 173, 21 1, 244 Caecobarbus 71 buselaphus major, Alcelaphus 111 bVtHITIDAE 77, 204, 247 Caecocypris 71 buselaphus swaynei, Alcelaphus 227 bylhobalhes, Tilapia 86 Caecorhamdella 204 buselaphus tora, Alcelaphus 227 cabanisi, Tangara 55 caelala, Trichia 215 buselaphus, 130 Alcelaphus Cabassous 136, 193 caelalura, Plegma 124 Bush-crow, Ethiopian 58 Cabezon, Cachorrito 79 CAENIDAE 250 Bush-quail. Manipur 35 caboti, Tragopan 35 CAENOLESTIDAE 3 Bush-robin, Rufous-breasted 160 cabrerae, Microlus 144 caerulatus, Cyornis 158 Bush-shrike, Bulo Burti48 Cacajao 14,221,241 caerulea, Cyprinella 71 Bush-shrike, Gabela 48 Cacalua 40, 152 caerulea, Pilla 156 Bush-shrike, Green-breasted 48 cachinnans, Garrulax 159 caeruleiroslris, Loxops 56 Bush-shrike, Lagden's 157 Cacicus 56 caeruleosligmala, Chela 71 Bush-shrike, Monteiro's49 Cacique, Selva 56 caerulescens, Eupodolis 150 Bush-shrike, Mount Kupe49 Caco, Cape 167 caerulescens, Porphyrosplza 163 Bush-shrike, Orange-breasted 48 Caco, Poynton's 201 caeruleus, Cyanocorax 164 Bush-shrike, Uluguru 48 Cacomanlis 198 caesia, Achalinella 1 88 Bush-tanager, Yellow-green 54 Caconemobius 108 caespes, Euploea 104 Bush-tyrant, Rufous-bellied 155 Cacoslemum 167, 201 cajfer, Acrocephalus 49 Bush-tyrant, Santa Marta47 cactorum, Aslhenes 155 cajfer, Syncerus 131 Bush-warbler, Aldabra 181 cacuminis, Leploperla 109 caglei, Craplemys 64 Bush-warbler, Long-billed 50 Caddisfly, Alexander's 255 cahabae, Notropis 73 Bush-warbler, Long-tailed 158 Caddisfly, Alsea Micro 254 cahabensis, Clappia 115 Bush-warbler, Sri Lanka 158 Caddisfly, Arkansas 254 cahabensis, 250 Bush-warbler, Tanimbar 158 Homoeoneuria Bushbird, Recurve-billed45 Caddisfly, Artesian 254 cahawbensis, Elimia 212 Caddisfly, Athens 187 Bushbird, Rondonia 198 cahita, Calostomus 75 Caddisfly. Bilobed Bushchat, Jerdon's 160 255 Cahita, Matalote 75 Caddisfly, Blue Bushchat, White-bellied 160 Mountains 255 cahni, Erimyslax 72 Bushchat, White-browed 52 Caddisfly, Cascades 255 cahow, Plerodroma 30 Caddisfly, Castle Crags 255 Bushchat, White-throated 52 cahuilaensls, Slenopelmalus 109 Caddisfly, Castle Lake 187 bustamantei, Evarra 183 caiguanabus, Papilio 208 Caddisfly, Clatsop 255 Bustard, Blue 150 Caiman, Black 58 Caddisfly, Colombian Gorge 255 Cairina 32

272 i 1 3

Caimsichthys 78 calonotus, Simoselaps 165 cana, Vulpes 195 caissara, Leontopithecus 14 Caloprymnus 177 canadensis califomiana, Ovis 229

calabarensis, Arctocebus 1 39 CALOPTERYGIDAE 106, 171,237 canadensis cremnobates, Ovis 229 calabyi, Thylogale 4 Calopteryx 106, 171 canadensis frondator, Castor 245 Calamaria 200 calopyge, Monclistra 97 canadensis mexicana, Ovis 229 calamianensis, Axis 20 Calotes 59 canadensis mexicanus. Castor 245 Calamoecia 91 calura, Phascogale 3 canadensis nelsoni. Ovis 229 CALANOIDA 91, 185,207 Caluromys 3, 135 canadensis phaeus. Castor 231 calcaris, Boeckella 91 Caluromysiops 3 canadensis weemsi, Ovis 229 Calcochloris 1A\ ca/va, Lemniscia 133 canadensis, Harpagoxenus 100 Calconiscellus 97 calveni, Somatochlora 171 canadensis, Ovis 131 calculus, Caseolus 124 calvus calvus, Cacajao 221 canaliculata, Newcombia 120 caldeirarum, Leptaxis 125 calvus novaesi, Cacajao 221 canalis, Sinployea 189 Caldera, Charal la 78 de calvus rubicundus, Cacajao 221 Canariella 133 calderoni, Cobitis 74 calvus ucayalii, Cacajao 221 canariensis, Crocidura 6 caldwelli, Astacoides 208 calvus, Bulimulus 126 canariensis, Potamonectes 249 caldwelli, Ctenophila 124 calvus, Cacajao 14 Canariomys 178 Caldwellia 124, 190 calvus, Geronticus 31 Canary, Protea 163 caledoni, Aloeides 102 calvus, Sarcogyps 148 Canastero, Austral 45 caliculata, Opanara 123 calypso, Partula 127 Canastero, Berlepsch's45 calida calida, Stenelmis 249 Calyptophilus 54 Canastero, Cactus 155 calida moapa, Stenelmis 249 Calyptorhynchus 40 Canastero, Chestnut 45 calida, Paracoenia 250 Calyptura, Kinglet 46 Canastero, Cip'^ 45 calidus, Barbus 71 Calyptura 46 Canastero, Line-fronted 155 califomensis, Anodonta 255 CAMAENIDAE 121, 173, 189, 214, 239, Canastero, Maquis 45 califomianus japonicus, Zalophus 224 244, 256 Canastero, Pale-tailed 45 califomianus wollebaeki, Zalophus 224 Camarhynchus 54, 162 cancellata, Prosobonia 38 califomianus, Gymnogyps 32 Cambarellus 93 candango, Juscelinomys 143 califomicus dimorphus, Desmocerus CAMBARIDAE 93, 237 candezei, Amychus 249 248 Cambarus 93, 94 candicans, Caprimulgus 43 califomicus femoralis, Chaetodipus 231 cambodiana, Arborophila 34 Candida, Partula 190 califomicus mohavensis, Microtus 232 Camel, Wild Bactrian 20 Candidula 126 califomicus scirpensis, Microtus 232 CAMELIDAE 20, 130, 226 candidum, Ophisternon 205 califomicus stephensi, Microtus Til camelopardalis, Ciraffa 130 CANDONIIDAE 185

califomicus, Macrotus 1 camelopardalis. Hippocampus 81 canescens, Bulinus 173 califomiense, Ambystoma 68 camelus. Epigomphus 107 canescens, Marmosa 193 califomiensis, Hesperodiaptomus 92 Camelus 20 canescens, Pseudocheirus 193 caligata sheldoni, Marmota 230 camensis, Beddomeia 114 canestrini. Pomatoschistus 206 caligata vigilis, Marmota 230 cameroni. Colophon 99 Cangrejero, Cachorrito 79 caliginca, Crocidura 6 camerunense, Enallagma 106 caniceps, Diplomys 146

Callaeas 58 camerunensis, Bulinus 1 1 caniceps, Geotrygon 151 CALLAEIDAE 58, 132, 182 camerunensis, Francolinus 34 caniceps, Peromyscus 26 Callagur 64 camerunensis, Hipposideros 136 caniceps, Psittacula 152 callathiscus, Leiostyla 127 campaneri, Canthocamptus 132 CANIDAE 16, 129, 140, 177, 195, 223, Callicebus 14, 194, 221, 241 campani, Furcifer 59 241 callifera, Partula 190 campbelli, Advena 190 canifrons, Gallicolumba 151 Callimico 14 campbelli, Malurus 198 caninus, Barbus 167 CALLIONYMIDAE 87 campbelli, Mussonena 122 Canw 16,223,241 Callionymus 87 campbelli, Phalacrocorax 31 cannfluviatilus, Oreomava 214 callipeplum, Chondropoma 212 Campellolebias 79 canning!, Rallina 37 callippe callippe, Speyeria 253 Campeloma 120 canorus, Bufo 66 calliptera, Pyrrhura 41 Campephaga 48 cansulus, Sorex 7 callipygus, Cephalophus 141 CAMPEPHAGIDAE 48, 157, 242 cansus morosa. Ochotona ITi?! callistoderma, Boninena 121 Campephilus 44, 181 cansus sorella, Ochotona 233 callistoderma, Helminthoglypta 125 campestris, Caloprymnus 111 cantons, Telespiza 56 callitaenia, Cyprinella 167 campestris, Metacyclops 132 cantator, Phylloscopus 160 Callithrix 14, 194, 241 Campethera 154 Canthigaster 88 CALLITRICHIDAE 14, 194, 221, 241 campi, Batrachoseps 68 CANTHOCAMPTIDAE 96, 132, 208 callizonus, Jokajdon 214 campioni, Allorhizucha 107 Canthocamptus 96, 132 callizonus, Xenotriccus 156 Campolaemus 192 cantonensis, Pericrocotus 157 Callophrys 252 Camponotus 100 cantorii, Pelochelys 66 Callopistes 200 camposensis, Diplomystes 203 canus, Eropeplus 24 Callorhinus 17 Campsicnemus 185 canus, Optioservus 249 Callosciurus 22 Camptoceras 210 canuti, Rhinolophus 137 callotis, Lepus 146 Camptorhynchus 179 capaccinii, Myotis 12 Caloenas 150 Campylopterus 43, 153 capax, Potamilus 112 capellei, 151 Calomyscus 23, 143 Campylorhamphus 155 Treron

273 1 3 1 3 6 1

capense, Cacosternum 167 cardosoi, Megalolulimus 190 carunculata, Paradigalla 164 Capensibufo 166 Carduelis 56, 163 carunculatus, Grus 36 capensis, Barbus 71 Carelia 189 carunculatus, Phalacrocorax 31 capensis, Beddomeia 114 caretta, Caretia 62 carunculatus, Philestumus 132 capensis. Hippocampus 81 Caretta 62 Carunculina 255 capensis, Metadiaptomus 92 CARETTOCHELYIDAE 62 CARYCHIIDAE 113 capensis, Microbalrachella 67 Carellochelys 62 CARYODIDAE 123 capensis, Morus 146 caribaea, Columba 38 caryophyllacea, Rhodonessa 32 capensis, Myxus lAA caribaeus, Vireo 56 Casarea 61 capensis, Pedetes 27 caribbaea, Pxerodroma 30 cascadae, Rana 67 capensis, Rhinolophus 10 Caribou, Peary 227 Case, Spectacle 255 capensis, Tumagra 181 cariei, Typhlops 182 Caseolus 256 Caperea 242 cariei, Unio 187 Caseolus 124, 133,256 capillaris, Elimia 117 carinata bartschi, Cyclura 234 Casinycters 136 capitalis, Aphanotriccus 156 carinata carinata, Cyclura 234 caspica, Phoca 17 capitalis, Slachyris 160 carinata, Deinacrida 254 cassida, Leiostyla 127 Capi'ro 44, 154 carinata, Cyclura 59 cassini, Gymnostinops 56

CAPITONIDAE 44, 154 carinata, Lantzia 1 1 cassini, Magicicada 170 Capnia 254 carinata, Tropidophora 212 cassius, Psammochromis 185 CAPNIIDAE 254 carinatum. Electron 154 cassoni. Colophon 99 capnodes, Otus 42 carinatus, Neoplanorbis 1 1 Cassowary, Dwarf 146 Capoeta 167,202 carinella, Perdicella 213 Cassowary, Northern 29 caporaphe, Iredaleoconcha 125 carinofausta, Actinella 174 Cassowary, Southern 29 Capra 21, 141,228 Carinotrachia 121 casta, Achatinella 188 capreolus, Pelea 131 carinulata, Bythinella 173 Castalia 110 capricorni, Tornelasmias 188 Carinurella 90 castanea, Auriculella 213

Capricornis 21, 130,228 cariosa, Lampsilis 1 1 castanea, Litoria 243 CAPRIMULGIDAE 43, 153, 198 carlhubbsi, Mesoplodon 196 castanea, Partula 190

CAPRIMULGIFORMES 43, 153, 198 camarvonensis, Jardinella 1 1 castanea, Pithys 198 Caprimulgus 43, 153, 198 CARNIVORA 16, 129, 140, 177, 195, castaneae, Ectodemia 186 Caprolagus 28 223,241,245 castaneae, Synanthedon 254 CAPROMYIDAE 28, 146, 178 carola, Ducula 39 castaneela, Argyresthia 186 Capromys 178 Carolella 252 castaneiventris, Amazilia 43 capsaeformis, Dysnomia 255 caroli, Polyonymus 153 castaneus, Lasiurus 12 capsaeformis, Epioblasma 110 caroli, Pseudochirulus 193 castanonotum, Glaucidium 152 Capshell, Rocky Mountain 112 caroli, Sarotherodon 86 castanota, Tumix 35 capsula, Ogasawarana 209 Carolina, Terrapene 166 castor, Pyrgulopsis 21 captivus, Xenoophorus 80 carolinae, Cettia 158 Cflifor 142,231,245 Capuchin, Andean White-fronted222 carolinae, Syconycteris 10 CASTORIDAE 142,231,245 Capuchin, Robust Tufted 222 carolinae, Trochomorpha 111 castroviejoi, Lepus 28 Capuchin, White-fronted 222 carolinarum, Sturanyella 209 castus, Monarcha 159 capucinus curtus, Cebus 222 carolinensis, Conuropsis 180 CASUARIIDAE 29, 146 Capvi 102 carolinensis, Omphalotropis 210 CASUARIIFORMES 29, 146, 179 CARABIDAE 98, 169, 185, 248 carolinensis, Papilio 105 casuarius, Casuarius 29 Carabus 98, 169 carolinensis, Skistodiaptomus 92 Casuarius 29, 146 Caracara, Guadalupe 179 carolitertii, Leuciscus243 Cat, African Golden 241 Caracara, Striated 149 carolynnae, Aloeides 102 Cat, Andean 16 Caracolera, Mojarra 85 Carp, Crucian 236 Cat, Asiatic Golden 140 caramba, Paludiscala 116 Carp, Wild Common 202, 236 Cat, Bay 16 carassius , Carassius 236 Cat, Chinese carpio , Cyprinus 236 Desert 195 CaraiiiUi 236 carpio, Cyprinus 202 Cat, Fishing 140 carbonaria, Cercomacra 45 carpio, Salmo 77 Cat, Flat-headed 16 Carbonera, Perrito de 79 Carpococcyx 42, 152 Cat, Iriomote 224 carcassoni, Mylothris 253 Carpodacus 199 Cat, Little Spotted 140 CARCHARHINIDAE 69 Cat, Marbled 195 Carpodectes 46, 156 Carcliarhinus 69 Cat, Pakistan Carpomys 197 Sand 223 carcharias, Carcharodon 69 Cat, Pallas's 241 Carpornis 46, 156 Carcharias Cat, 69 CARPOSINIDAE 252 Pampas 241 CARCHARINIFORMES 69 Cat, Rusty-spotted 195 carrikeri, Ceotrygon 39 Carcharodon 69 Cat, Sand 241 carrikeri, Tonatia 1 Carcinoscorpius 209 Catabasis 203 carruai, Diploglossus 59 Cardinal, Yellow 55 catagius, Cambarus 93 carruthersi, Funisciurus 22 Cardiocondyla 100 Cataglyphis 100 carsoniana, Carinotrachia 121 Cardiocranius 23 Catagonus 20 carteri, Westralunio 110 Cardioderma 136 catamene, Loriculus 41 Carterodon 145 cardium, Lampsilis 172 Catamenia 162 cartilaginea, Amyda 65 cardonai, Myioborus 56 cataphractus, Cordylus 59 cartilagonodus, Otopleropus 9

274 I 1

cataphractus, Crocodylus 199 Cavesnail, Greenbrier 116 Cerambyx 98 cataractae ssp., Rhinichthys 246 Cavesnail, Mimic 116 CERAStuiDAE 189 cataractae, Puntius 203 Cavesnail, Phantom 115 Ceratella 250 catax, Eriogaster 208 Cavesnail, Tapered 21 ceratina. Helix 125 Catbird, Black 158 Cavesnail, Tumbling Creek 1 14 Ceratogymna 154 Catbird, Tooth-billed 164 cavicauda, Thermosphaeroma 97 Ceratophallus 113 Catfish, Aristotle's 203 cavicola, Pseudocandona 98 Ceratophora 59 76 Catfish, Cave cavicola. Thaumatogryllus 108 Ceratotheriam 130, 225 Catfish, Dalhousie 247 cavifrons, AmblopUtes 83 Cercartetus 210 Catfish, False Spine 247 cavifrons, Harpagochromis 184 Cercocebus 140,222,245 Catfish, Froggatt's 204 145 CAVIIDAE Cercomacra 45, 155 Catfish, Giant 76, 203 cavirostris, Ziphius 197 Cercomela 158 Catfish, Lorentz 204 cawstoni. Tomicha 188 CERCOPITHECIDAE 15, 129, 140, 194, Catfish, New Grenada Sea 76 cazieri, Cicindela 248 222, 245 Catfish. Taylor's 204 cazorlensis, Potamonectes 249 Cercopithecus 15, 140, 194, 222 Catharopeza 55 CEBIDAE 14, 194,221,241 Cercyonis 253 32 CATHARTIDAE cebifrons, Sus 20 cerdo, Cerambyx 98 calherina, Gyliotrachela 175 cebuensis, Copsychus 50 Ceriagrion 208 catherinae, Metanotaenia 243 C

275 1

chalcoides, Chalcalbumus 202 Chat, Herero 159 Chimpanzee, Eastern 223 chalconotus, Phalacrocorax 31 Chat, Sombre 158 Chimpanzee, Pygmy 16 chalcurum. Polyplectron 149 Chat, Yellow 158 Chimpanzee. Western 223 chalcurus, Ptilinopus 39 Chat-lanager 54 Chinchilla, Long-tailed 28 Chalepoxenus 100 Chat-tyrant, Piura 156 Chinchilla, Short-tailed 28 Chalicodoma 208 chathamensis, Haematopus 37 Chinchilla 28 Chalinolobus 12, 137, 138, 194 chattanoogaense, Pleurobema 1 1 CHINCHILLIDAE 28, 145 chalmersi, Marginella 213 chaugaensis, Cambarus 93 Chinemys 200 chalumnae, Latimeria 88 Chauna 147 chinensis, Luehdorfia 208 chalybea, Euphonia 162 chaunax, Vitrinula 189 chinensis, Sousa 196 chalybeus, Centropus 152 Chaunoproclus 182 c/jini, BeKa 88 Chamaeleon, Natal Midland Dwarf 165 chavariu, Chauna 147 Chinkara 130 Chamaeleon, Setaro's Dwarf 59 cheatumi, Tryonia 212 Chioglossa 68 Chamaeleon, Smith's Dwarf 59 Cheetah 16 Chionomys 143 Chamaeleon, Zululand Dwarf 164 Cheetah, Asiatic 223 Chipmunk, Henry Mountains 231 CHAMAELEONIDAE 59, 164 Cheetah, Northwest African 223 Chipmunk, Hidden Forest 231 Chamaepetes 149 cheiligona, Leiostyla 127 Chipmunk, Organ Mountains 231 Chamalychaeus 213, 239 Cheilinus 87 Chipmunk, Palmer's 22 chamberlini, Formicoxenus 100 cheiranthicola, Discula 124 Chipmunk, Pefiasco Least 231 chamissonis, Philodryas 200 Cheirodon 203 Chipmunk, Selkirk Least 231

Chamois. Apennine 230 CHEIROGALEIDAE 13, 139, 220 chipolaensis, Elliptio 1 10 Chamois, Balkan 242 Cheiromeles 139 chiriquita, Palaemnema 108 Chamois, Caucasian 230 Chela 71 CHIROCEPHALIDAE 91 Chamois, Chartreuse 230 CHELIDAE 62, 165, 200, 243 Chirocephalus 91

Chamois, Southern 131 chelifer, Strongylognathus 102 Chiroderma 11 Chamois, Tatra 230 Chelodina 62, 165. 200 Chironectes 135 Chamois, Turkish 230 Chelonia 63, 234 Chironius 61 championi, Pogonomys 26 CHELONIIDAE 62, 234 Chiropodomys 23, 143 chantrei, Aphanius 243 CHELYDRIDAE 63 Chiropotes 222, 241 chaophraya, Himantura 70 chengi, Meriones 25 CHIROPTERA 8, 129, 136, 177, 193, 241 chaostola leucophaea, Antipodia 252 Cherax 95, 208 Chirostoma 78, 204 chapensis, Typhlomys 21 chermesina, Myzomela 54 chirurgica, Grylloblatta 99 chapini, Chaerephon 139 cherriei, Orthogeomys 142 Chitala \61 chapini, Helerohyrax 20 cherriei, Synallaxis 155 chitra, Chitra 65 chapini, Kupeomis 159 cherriei, Thripophaga 45 Chitra 65 chaptini, Lybius 154 Chersodromia 250 chittenangoensis, Succinea 217 chapmani, Dobsonia 177 Chetia 84 Chlamydogobius 87 chappuisi, Eudiaptomus 207 chevrolati, Oryctes 250 Chlamydotis 242 Char, Angayukaksurak 204 chevrolati, Sandracottus 249 Chlamyphorus 5 Char, Kirikuchi 77 Chevrotain, Balabac 226 Chlidonias 38 CHARACIDAE 75, 203, 236 cheynei, Omphalotropis 210 Chloaeltis 108 CHARACIFORMES 75, 203, 236 Chibchanomys 143 Chloebia 57 Characin, Naked 75 chichijimana, Gastrocopta 191 Chloephaga 147 Characodon, Bold 80 chichijimana, Hirasea 124 Chloridops 181 Characodon, Parras 184 chichijimana, Mandarina 214 Chlorilis 239 Characodon 80, 184 chichijimana, Ogasawarana 112 chlorinda chlorinda, Pseudalmenus 252 CHARADRIIDAE 37, 150, 180 chichijimana, Vitrinula 189 chlorinda conara, Pseudalmenus 252 CHARADRIIFORMES 37, 131, 150, 180 chicquera, Falco 149 chloris, Anthus 48 Charadrius 37, 150 Chihuahua, Charalito 72 chlorocephala smythi, Cicindela 248 Charalito 168 chikae, Papilio 105 Chlorochrysa 54 Charaxes 253 Chilatherina 78, 204, 243 Chlorocichla 48 Charaxes, Silver Barred 253 chilensis, Bufo 201 CHLOROCYPHIDAE 106 Charaxes 253 chilensis, Diplomystes 75 Chlorogomphus 106, 237, 238 chariessa, Apalis 49 chilensis, Geochelone 65 chlorolepidota, Pipreola 156 Charina 246 chiloensis, Myotis 138 Chlorolestes 108, 171 charitonius peruvianas, Heliconius 253 Chiloglanis 76, 243 chloronothos, Zosterops 54 Charitospiza 162 Chilonopsis 191, 192 CHLOROPERLIDAE 187 charhonii, Arborophila 34 CHILOPODA 89 Chloropeta 50 ChartTwsyna 40, 152 Chilostoma 174,215 chloropharynx, Bena 88 charon, Advena 125 chilotes complex, Paralabidochromis Chloropipo 156 charonda, Sasakia ISli 85 Chloropsis 48, 157 CHAROPIDAE 123, 174, 189, 214, 245 chiltoni, Trichomycterus 204 chloroptera, Aratinga 40 Charpentieria 174 chimaera, Omithoptera 171 chlororhynchus, Centropus 42 Chaser, Purple 107 chimaera, Uratelomis 44 Chlorospingus 54 Chasmistes 75, 183,246 Chimarrogale 6 Chlorostilbon 181 Chat, Buff-streaked 160 Chimpanzee 16 Chlorotalpa 5 Chat, Fuerleventura 160 Chimpanzee, Central 223 choaspes tumanana, Tirumala 237

276 1 1 5

chocoensis, Platyrrhinus 1 Chub, Tui 246 Cinclidium 158 chocoensis, Veniliomis 155 Chub, Umpqua 168 Cinclodes, Royal 45 Chocolate, Father Schoenig's 104 Chub, Yaqui 72 Cinclodes, White-bellied45 choctawensis, Villosa 256 Chuditch 3 Cinclodes 45 Choeroniscus 11, 137 chungarensis, Orestias 80 Cinclus 49 Choeronycleris 137 chungarensis, Trichomycterus 76 cincta, Notiomystis 54 choloensis, Alethe 49 chungchowensis, Pleclranthias 83 cinctus, Sallator 163 Choloepus 193 Chunyi 197 cineracea, Ameiva 182 CHONDRINIDAE 174, 245 chunyi, Mazama 197 cineracea, Ducula 39 Chondropoma 212 chupaderae, Pyrgulopsis 211 cineracea, Emberiza 162 Chondrostoma 71, 167, 202, 243 churinceanus carranzae, Mexipvrgus cinerascens, Aplonis 57 Chortippus 108 238 cinerea, Alcippe 158 chrislenseni, Sonorella 174 churinceanus churinceanus, cinerea, Aonyx 140 Mexipyrgus christenseni, Turgenitubulus 256 238 cinerea, Callaeas 58 escobedae, christi, Erebia 171 churinceanus Mexipyrgus cinerea, Mycteria 31 238 Christianoconcha 127 cinerea, Neophoca 242 churinceanus lugoi, Mexipyrgus 238 Christinus 59 cinerea, Poospiza 163 churinceanus mojarralis, Mexipyrgus christophi, Strongylognathus 102 cinerea, Zoothera 53 238 Chromis 86 cinereiceps, Phapitreron 39 churinceanus multilineatus, Mexipyrgus chromogynos, Paralabidochromis 85 cinereiceps, Phyllastrephus 48 238 Chrotogale 18 cinereicollis, Basileuterus 163 churinceanus quadripaludium, Chrotomys 23 cinereifrons, Garrulax 50 Mexithauma 256 chrotorrhinus carolinensis, Microtus cinereifrons, Heteromyias 159 CHYDORIDAE 90 232 cinereocapilla, Prinia 160 C/jyrra 119 chrotorrhinus ravus, Microtus Til cinereum, 83 Cicada, Cassini Periodical 170 Etheostoma CHRYSOCHLORIDAE 5, 241 cinereus semotus, Lasiurus Cicada, Decim Periodical 170 245 Chrysochloris 5 Cicada, Decula Periodical 170 cinereus, Eupetaurus 22 Chrysococcyx 198 Cicada, Myers' 251 cinereus, Incerticyclus 188 chrysogaster chrysogaster, Moschus Cicadabird, Black-bibbed 48 cinereus, Lophuromys 197 226 Cicadabird, Kai 157 cinereus, Phascolarctos 135 chrysogaster leucogaster, Moschus 226 Cicadabird, Sula 242 cinereus, Pseudochirulus 135 chrysogaster, Moschus 141 Cicadabird, Sumba 157 cinereus, Vanellus 150 chrysogaster, Neophema 41 CICADELLIDAE 251 Cinetodus 204 77 chrysogaster, Oncorhynchus CICADIDAE 170,251 cingulatum, Ambystoma 68 chrysogaster, Tupaia 8 cicatricosus, Plethobasus 1 1 cingulellum, Chilostoma 174 chrysoleuca, Callithrix 14 Cifek 73 cinnaberinus, Cucujus 98 Chrysolophus 149 Cichlasoma 85, 236 cinnamomea, Sporophila 163 chrysomelas, Leontopithecus 14 Cichlherminia 158 cinnamomea, Terpsiphone 160 248 CHRYSOMELIDAE CICHLIDAE 84, 132, 184, 236, 244, 247 cinnamomeipectus, Hemitriccus 156 Chrysomma 50, 158 Cichlopsis 158 cinnamominus miyakoensis, chrysoparia, Dendroica 55 Cicindela 98, 169, 248 Todirhamphus 246 chrysoproctus, Pteropus 136 CICINDELIDAE 98, 169, 248 Cinnyricinclus 57 chrysopterygius, Psephotus 41 Cicinnurus 164 cinyras, Libythea 186 chrysopygus, Leontopithecus 14 Ciconia 31, 179 Cipangochalax 213 chrysopygus, Rhynchocyon 29 CICONIIDAE 31, 147, 179 Cipangocharax 213 Chrysoritis 102, 170 CICONIIFORMES 31, 147, 179 Circaetus 148 chrysosireticus, Hoplodactylus 243 cidi, Mycteroperca 83 circumcarinata, Monadenia 121 Chrysospalax 5 Ciega, Anguila 82 circumstorrmta, Diplommatina 210 chrysostoma, Diomedea 146 Ciega, Nueva Dama 247 Circus 148 chrysurus, Echimys 28 Ciega, Sardina 236 Ciridops 181 chthonia, Grallaria 46 Ciego, Greater Pichi 5 cimei cimei, Rhynchocyon 245 chuana, Certhilauda 157 Ciego, Juil 76 cimei hendersoni, Rhynchocyon 245 Chub, Alvord 72 Ciego, Lesser Pichi 5 cimei, Rhynchocyon 29 Chub, Black Sea 202 Cienegas, Bagre de Cuatro 247 CIROLANIDAE 97 Chub, Bonytail 72 Cienegas, Dardo de Cuatro 247 Cisco 243 Chub, Borax Lake 72 Cienegas, Guayacon de Cuatro 80 Cisco, Blackfm 183

Chub, Flame 202 Cienegas, Mojarra Caracolera de Cuatro Cisco, Deepwater 1 83 Chub, Gila 167 85 Cisco, Longjaw 183 Chub, Humpback 72 Cienegas, Mojarra de Cuatro 247 Cisco, Shortjaw 77 Chub, Least 72 Cienegas, Perrito de Cuatro 243 Cisco, Shortnose 77 Chub, Oregon 73 Cienegas, Platy Cuatfo 80 ciscoides, Pogonichthys 183 Chub, Roundtail 246 Cienegas, Robalo de Cuatro 247 C(5ja 164 Chub, Sandhills 203 Cienegas, Sardinilla Cuatro 80 cisterciensorum, Bythiospeum 1 1 Chub, Sicklefin 168 ciliatus, Lanistes 173 cistematum, Phreatobius 204 Chub, Slender 72 cilicicus, Acomys 23 Cisticola, Churring 158 Chub, Sturgeon 72 Cincinnatia 115 Cisticola, Socotra 50 Chub, Thicktail 183 CINCLIDAE 49 Cisticola, Tana River 198

277 1 8 3 6 1

Cisticola 50, 158. 198 Clibanomis 155 Cod, Atlantic 77 Cistothorus 49 Clidomys 179 Cod, Clarence River 82 Cod, Mary River 236 cilellus, Spermophilus 22 clinias, Parantica 104 Cod, Trout 82 cilrina, Partuta 190 CLINIDAE 87 Civet, Hose's Palm 18 C/mu.? 87 codringtonia, Codringtonia 215 Codringtonia 174. 215 Civet, Javan Small-toothed Palm224 clipeata, Leptoxis 1 1 Civet, Jerdon's Palm 18 clodius shepardii, Pamassius 253 codringtonii, Codringtonia 174 Civet, Malagasy 18 clodius strohbeeni, Pamassius 253 Coelacanth 88 Civet, Mentawai Palm 224 Cloeotis 136 COELACANTHIFORMES 88 Civet, Owston's Palm 18 Clubshell 111 coelata, Helminthoglypta 125 Civet, Sulawesi Palm 18 Clubshell, Blacklll coelestis, Bunomys 23 civettina, Viverra 18 Clubshell, Ovate 112 coelestis, Hypothymis 50 CIXIIDAE 251 Clubshell, Southern 172 COELIAXIDAE 214

Clam, Bear Paw 133 Clubshell, Tennessee 1 12 Coeliccia 238 Clam, China 133 Clubtail, Belle's Sand 107 Coeligena 43 Clam, Crocus 244 Clubtail, Diminutive 171 Coelops 136. 194 Clam, Giant 112 Clubtail, Gulf 171 coelus, Parides 208 Clam, Scaly Clam or Fluted 133 Clubtail, Hodges' 171 Coelus 99 Clam, Small Giant 133 Clubtail, Twin-striped 171 Coenagrion 106, 237 Clam, Southern Giant 1 12 Clubtail, Yellow-sided 107 COENAGRIONIDAE 106, 171, 187,208, Clam, Tevoro 112 CLUPEIDAE 71,202,236 237 clamosus, Atrichomis 47 CLUPEIFORMES 71, 202, 236 coenensis, Petrogale 135 clanga, Aquila 33 Clupeoides 202 COENOBITIDAE 207 clantoni, Stygobromus 89 Clupeonella 202, 236 Coenocharopa 214 clappi, Paravitrea 175 clymene, Stenella 196 Coenocorypha 37, 150 Clappia 115 Clyomys 28 Coenonympha |71 clara, Echymipera 193 clypealis, Agabus 98 Coeranoscincus 165 clara, Hirasiella 215 C/ytoceyjc 198 coeruleoalba, Stenella 129 clara, Hypolestes 107 Clytoctantes 45, 198 coerulescens, Coracina 157 clara, Oliarces 254 Clytorhynchus 158 cognata, Truncilla 255 clara, Partula 127 Cnemidophorus 61, 200 cognatus, Amphidromus 173 clarae, Arachnothera 161 Coachwhip, San Joaquin 246 cognatus, Rhinolophus 10 Claravis 38 coahuila, Mexistenasellus 97 coibae, Dasyprocta 28 Clarias 76 coahuila, Terrapene 64 coibensis coibensis, Alouatta 221

CLARIIDAE 76 coahuilae, Durangonella 1 1 coibensis trabeata, Alouatta 221 clarkei, Ammodorcas 20 Coahuilix 115 coibensis, Molossus 139 clarkei, Volemys 145 Coati, Cozumel Island 17 Coin, Tight 126 clarki intermedius, Catostomus 246 cobanensis, Myotis 12 coindemerensis, Nactus 182 clarki nantahala, Mesodon 239 cobbi. Troglodytes 49 Colaptes 44 clarki ssp., Oncorhynchus 247 COBITIDAE 74, 168, 203 colax, Myrmica 101 clarki, Rhytida 127 cobitis, Rhinichthys 74 co/ei, Pogonomyrmex 101 clarkorum, Lacerta 60 Cobitis 74, 168, 203 colensoi, Phalacrocorax 31 clathrata, Quadrasiella 210 Cobra, Central Asian 200 Coleophora 186 clathrata, Tryonia 1\1 coccineus, Loxops 56 COLEOPHORIDAE 186 clathratula, Lyropupa 216 Cocc>'m>'S 23 COLEOPTERA 98, 169, 185, 248 claudinae, Trochoidea 175 Coccyzus 42 Coleura 10 Claudius 166 cochlea, Carelia 189 Collared-dove, White-winged 151 clausa, Elimia 1 17 Cochlicopa 245 collaria, Amazona 151 clausiliaeformis, Sculptiferussacia 124 COCHLICOPIDAE 123, 174. 214, 245 collaris, Accipiter 147 CLAUSILIIDAE 123, 174, 214, 239 Cochliopa 115 collei, Cyclura 59 clausus trossulus, Mesodon 239 Cochliopina 115,211 COLLEMBOLA 250 clava, Pleurobema 1 1 Cochoa, Green 158 collina, Pleurobema 1 1 Clavator 120 Cochoa. Javan 50 collingii. Setobaudinia 244 clavatus, Epigomphus 107 Cochoa, Purple 158 collinsi, Spindasis 252 Clavicoccus 186 Cochoa, Sumatran 50 Collisella 187 clavigera, Peripatopsis 187 Cochoa 50, 158 colliveri, Cralopa 123 cleberi, Oecomys 25 COCHYLIDAE 252 Collocalia 43. 153. 198 Clemencia, Espada de 205 Cockatoo, Palm 152 Colluricincla 158 Cockatoo, Philippine 40 clemenciae, Xiphophorus 205 colmani, Jardinella 1 16 clemensi, Puntius 73 Cockatoo, Pink 152 Colobus, Black 15 Clementina, Sterkia 175 Cockatoo, Salmon-crested 40 Colobus, Bouvier's Red 222 Clemmys 64 Cockatoo, Tanimbar 152 Colobus, Elliot's Red 245 Cockatoo, White 40 clenchi, Mesodon 175 Colobus. Foa Red 222 Cockatoo, Yellow-crested 40 Cleopatra 173 Colobus, Kahuzi Red 223 cockbumi, Gyraulus 1 1 cleophile, Danaus 170 Colobus, Lx)mami Red 223 Cocoharpinia 90 Cleptomis 53 Colobus, Maiko Red 223 coctei, Macroscincus 182 Clethrionomys 143, 232 Colobus, Miss Waldron's Bay223

278 8 2 6 53 9

Colobus. Neumann's Black-and-white complanata alabamensis, Lasmigona connollyana, Hypolysia 217 222 238 connollyi, Cecilioides 124 Colobus, Niger Delta 222 Red complanata, Pseudanodonta 172 connus, Procambarus 94 Colobus, Olive 140 complanata, Pupirm 1\1 Conocephaloides 109 Colobus, Oustalet's Red 245 compressa, Bythinella 1 1 conoides, Trochomorpha 217 Colobus, Pennant's Red 223 compressa, Leguminaia 255 Conolophus 59 Colobus, Preuss's Red 223 compressa, Siphonaria 1 1 Conomyrma 100 Colobus, Prigogine's Black-and-white compunctus, Hydrotarsus 98 Conopophaga 155 222 comyntas texanus, Everes 252 CONOPOPHAGIDAE 155 Colobus, Red 140 Conacmella 210 conopsis, Helicopsis 174 Colobus, Rwenzori Black-and-white 222 concavospira, Achalinella 120 conorhynchus, Tetranesodon 204 Colobus, Semliki Red 223 conchorum, Menidia 168 Conothraupis 54, 162 Colobus, Tana River Red 223 conchas, Catostomus 75 conoveri. Colobus, Tanzanian Black-and-white222 Leptotila 39 Conchos, Dardo de 83 Conozoa 187 Colobus, Temminck's Red 223 Conchos, Matalote 75 Colobus, Thollon's Red 245 conradi, Stygobromus 89 CONCHOSTRACA 92 Colobus, Uganda Red 245 conradicus, Medionidus 172 conchramis, Desmopachria 248 Colobus, Uhehe Red 223 conradti reductidentata, Gulella 239 concinna concinna, Petrogale 220 Colobus, Western Black-and-white 140 conradti, Halolimnohelix 215 concinna monastria, Petrogale 220 Colobus, White-thighed Black-and-white conradti, Pseudoglessula 217 concinna, Aegialia 99 15 Conraua 67 Colobus, Zanzibar Red 223 concinna, Leiostyla 127 consanguis, Gomphurus 107 concinna, Petrogale 135 Colobus 15, 140,222 conservatio, Branchinecta 91 concinna, colocolo, Oncifelis 241 Pitloconcha 125 consetti. Simulator 173 concolor coryi. 224 colombianus, Neocrex 150 Puma consimilis, Mautodontha 189 concolor cougar. colombianus, Otus 152 Puma 224 consimilis, Oliarus 251 concolor, Artibeus 137 colonus, Rhinomyias 160 consobrina, Mautodontha 189 coionus, Rhyacophila 255 concolor, Hylobates 16 consobrinorum, Zosterops 161 concolor, Lentipes 206 Colophon 99, 170 consorj, Caseolus 256 concolor, Neospiza 56 coloradensis, Acroloxus 1 1 conspicillatus conspicillatus, concolor, coloria, Erythrura 57 Salanoia 17 Lagorchestes 219 concolor, Scomberomorus Colparion 190 88 conspicillatus leichardti, Lagorchestes concolor, Simias 15 Coluber 61 220 concolor, Xenospingus 55 conspicillatus, COLUBRIDAE 61, 165, 182, 200, 234, Basileuterus 163 246 concretus, Caprimulgus 153 conspicillatus, Lagorchestes 135 Columba 38, 132, 151, 180 condita, Tijuca 46 conspicillatus, Paradoxomis 160 Columbiana, Fluminicola 211 conditor, Leporillus 24 constanciae, Cynolebias 79 columbianus, Crypturellus 146 Condor, California 32 constantiae, Micoureus 135 columbianus, Geocapromys 178 Conebill, Giant 162 constanzae, Liolaemus 199 Conebill, Pearly-breasted columbianus, Odontophorus 149 163 constricta, Aaadonta 214 Conebill, Tamarugo 55 columbica, Cicindela 98 constricta, Bellamya 119 Conepatus 224 COLUMBIDAE 38, 132, 150, 180 coruitrictus, Somatogyrus 212 configurata, Euploea 244 COLUMBIFORMES 38, 132, 150, 180 comlrictus, Trissexodon 245 Columbina 38 confirmata, Paradoxa 213 contigua, Trochomorpha 217 Colymbetes 248 confluentus, Salvelinus 77 continuatalis, Hedylepta 185 confusa, Helicoverpa 186 comata, Presbytis 15 Contopus 156 Combshell, Cumberlandian255 confusa, Partulina 121 contorta, Ochrotrichia 254 Combshell, Round 187 congaraea, Elliptio 172 contortus, Letomola 214 congensis, Afropavo 34 Combshell, Southern 255 contracta, Bellamya 1 1 Combshell, Upland 255 congestum, Moxostoma 203 contracta, Parartemia 91 Combtaii 132 congica, Aonyx 140 contractus, Brotomys 178 comes, Ogasawarana 209 congicus, Mops 139 Conuropsis 180 Comet, Bronze-tailed 153 congobelgica, Crocidura 6 Conui 120,213 Comet, Grey-bellied 44 Congosorex 6 cookei, Omphalotropis 210 cometes, Procambarus 94 Congothemis 208 cookei, Orangia 123 comizo, Barbus 71 conica, Fonscochlea 1 1 cookei, Thaanumella 210 commersoni, 'Scops' 181 conica, Paludinella 211 cookeorum, Pseudopsectra 254 commersonii, Cephalorhynchus 195 conica, Phrantela 116 cooki, Eleutherodactylus 67 commixtus, Caseolus 256 conica, Pyrgulopsis 211 cookii, Cyanoramphus 40 comorana, Amauris 104 conica, Samoana 127 cookii, Pterodroma 30 comorensis, Rhachis 189 CONIDAE 120,213 Cooperconcha 173 compacta, Cochliopina 211 conilis, Plagigeyeria 116 cooperi paludis, Synaptomys 233 178 compacta, Leptoxis 1 1 Conilurus cooperi relictus, Synaptomys 233 compacta, Parlula 190 Conioptilon 156 cooperi, Orconectes 94 compacta, Victaphanta 127 Conirostrum 55, 163 cooperi, Paraxerus 11 compactus, Radiodiscus 123 connasaugaensis, Strophitus \11 cooperi, Stygobromus 89 compar, Ephemera 250 connieae, Pseudomugil 243 cooperianus, Plethobasus 111 compassbergae, Thestor 103 Connochaetes 130,228 coosaensis, Somatogyrus 212

279 1 8 8

coosawaltae, Cambarus 93 corona, Melanotaenia 204 Coucal, Green-billed 42 Coot, Hawaiian 36 coronata, Daphnia 90 Coucal, Kai 152 Coot, Horned 36 coronatum blainvillei, Phrynosoma 246 Coucal, Rufous 152

Coot, Mascarene 1 80 coronatus, Anthracoceros 154 Coucal, Short-toed 152 Cooter, Rio Grande 166 coronatus, Eulemur 13 Coucal, Sunda 42 Cophura 250 coronatus, Harpyhaliaetus 33 couchiana, Quadrula 112 Copper, Bathurst 103 coronatus. Hippocampus 81 couchianus, Xiphophorus 80 Copper, Blue Jewel 252 coronatus, Hipposideros 136 courseni, Synallaxis 45 Copper, Clayton's 252 coronatus, Malurus 159 Courser, Jerdon's 37 Copper, Dickson's 103 coronatus, Phalacrocorax 147 Cow, Steller's Sea 178 Copper, Drakensburg 170 corozalus, Puertoricomys 178 cowani, Charaxes 253 Copper, Hermes 103 coxeni, Pupina 256 corpulenta, Pleurocera 1 1 Copper, Large 170 corroboree, Pseudophryne 67 coxi, Hipposideros 10 Copper, Lion's Head 252 corrugata, Jardinella 116 Coxiella 256 Copper, Tsomo River 103 corrugatus, Aceros 44 coxingi, Niviventer 144 Copper, Wallengren's 104 corsac, Vulpes 195 Crab, Californian Bay Pea 96 Copperhead, Pygmy 61 Corsica, Cyrnotheba 245 Crab, Coconut 207 coppingers, Radiodiscus 214 Crab, Corsica, Epimyrma 100 Horseshoe 171,209 Copris 250 Crab, Tree Hole 95 Corsica, Moilessieria 1 16 coprotheres. Gyps 33 cracens, CORVIDAE 58, 164 Marmosops 3 Copsychus 50 CRACIDAE 34, 149, 180 corvina, Aplonis 1 82 coquereli, Mirza 13 CRACTICIDAE 199 corvina, Megalaima 154 Coquette, Short-crested 43 Cracticus 199 corvina, Terpsiphone 53 Coquette, Spangled 153 cragini, Etheostoma 169 Corvus 58, 164 cor, Cardioderma 136 Crake, Andaman 37 corynophyllus, Hipposideros 10 cor, Fusconaia 1 1 Crake, Ascension Coryphaspiza 54 Flightless 180 CORACIIDAE 44, 154 Crake, Band-bellied 150 Coryphomys 178 CORACIIFORMES 44, 153, 198, 246 Crake, Colombian 150 cosensis, Gerbillus 24 Coracina 48, 157, 242 Crake, Dot-winged 36 cosmetus, Palikirus 214 corais couperi, Drymarchon 246 Crake, Hawaiian 180 Cossypha 50 coralensis, Plilinopus 151 Crake, Henderson 36 costaricensis, Touit 152 Coralliozetus 87 Crake, Kosrae 180 costata, Craspedoma 244 corayi, Lacconectus 248 Crake, Laysan 180 costata, Namibocypris 185 cordacea comptena, Heteronympha 253 Crake, Ocellated 149 costatus. Xylotoles 185 cordatum, Pleurobema 172 Crake, Rufous-faced 36 costipennis, Deronectes 248 Cordelia, Euploea 104 Crake, Rusty-flanked 36 costulata, Bellamya 119 Cordulegaster 106 Crake, Speckled 198 costus, Turgenitubulus 122 CORDULEGASTERIDAE 106, 237 Cralopa 123,214 cotiellae, Pyrenaeania 174 CORDULIIDAE 106, 171,238 crameri albomaculata, Euploea 237 Cotinga, Banded 46 CORDYLIDAE 59, 165 crameri, Oregonichthys 73 Cotinga, Black-and-gold 156 Cordylus 59, 165 Crane, Black-necked 36 Cotinga, Black-faced 156 coreena, Jardinella 116 Crane, Blue 36 Cotinga, Black-tipped 156 Coregonus 77, 183, 204, 243, 247 Crane, Hooded 131 Cotinga, Chestnut-bellied 46 Corella, Western 152 Crane, Red-crowned 36 Cotinga, Grey-winged 46 Coreobagrus 16 Crane, Sarus 149 Cotinga, Purple-throated 156 coriacea, Dermochelys 63 Crane, Siberian 36 Cotinga, Shrike-like 46, 246 coriacea, Moapa 73 Crane, Wattled 36 Cotinga, Swallow-tailed 156 corinnae, Pseudochirops 5 Crane, White-naped 36 Cotinga, Turquoise 46 Cormorant, Bank 147 Crane, Whooping 36 Cotinga, White-cheeked 47 Cormorant, Crowned 147 CRANGONYCTIDAE 89, 185 Cotinga, White-winged 46 Cormorant, Galapagos 31 Crangonyx 89 Cotinga, Yellow-billed 46 Cormorant, Pallas's 179 Cranioleuca 155 Cotinga 46 Cormorant, Pygmy 147 CRASEONYCTERIDAE 10 COTINGIDAE 46, 156, 246 Cormorant, Red-legged 147 Craseonycteris 10 cotrelli, Chrysoritis 102 Cormorant, Socotra 147 Craspedoma 133, 244 COTTIDAE 82, 184, 206, 244 Corncrake 36 crassa, Aplonis 164 Cottontail, Dice's 29 cornea, Amastra 1 88 crassa, Leptoxis 1 1 Cottontail, Mexican 146 corneocostata, Leiostyla 127 crassa, Partulina 188 Cottontail, New England 29 comeovirens, Meridolum 122 crassalus, Ochthebius 249 Cottus 82, 184,206 Cornigomphus 107 crassicauda omnivora, Bdeogale 224 Cotumicops 36, 198 cornuta cornuta, Cyclura 234 crassicauda, Gila 183 Cotumix 180 cornuta stejnejeri, Cyclura 234 crassicauda, Salpingotus 23 Coua, Snail-eating 181 cornuta, Cyclura 60 crassicaudata, Manis 142 Coua, Verreaux's 152 cornuta, Fulica 36 crassidens, Pseudorca 242 Coua 152, 181 comutus, Eunymphicus 40 crassilabris, Diplommatina 210 Coucal, Biak 152 comutus, Rhinolophus 137 crassilabris, Paralabidochromis 85 Coucal, Black-hooded 42 comutus, Trimeresurus crassilabris, Partula 190 200 Coucal, Brown 152 crassilabris, Somatogyrus 212 I

280 I 7

crassilabrum, Amastra 188 Crayfish, Stone 93 cristata. Gubematrix 55 crassirosths, Oriolus 57 Crayfish, Strzelecki Burrowing96 cristata, Hystrix 145 crassirostris. Oryzoborus 162 Crayfish, Tennessee Cave 94 cristata, Imnadia 92 Crayfish, crassispinis, Hystrix 145 Tombigbee Riverlet94 cristata, Lophotibis 147 Crayfish, Valley Crassispira 213 Flame 93 cristata. Neritina 209 Crayfish, Warragul crassula, Auriculella 213 Burrowing 96 cristata, Tadoma 32 crassus, Euastacus 96 Crayfish, White-clawed 93 cristatus , Proteles 224 Crayfish, Withlocoochee Light-fleeing crassus, Phoxinellus 203 cristatus, Amblyrhynchus 59 Cave 237 crassus, Somatogyrus 212 cristatus, Hobbseus 94 Crayfish, Woodville Cave 95 crassus, Unio 172 cristatus, Trachypithecus 140 creaghi, Rhinolophus 137 Craterocephalus 78, 168, 204, 243 cristatus, Triturus 132 creagra, Macropsalis 153 Craterodiscus 173 cristicauda, Dasycercus 3 crease ri, Kinostemon 166 Crateromys Ti Cri.'!tigibba 214 craveri, creatopus, Puffinus 30 Synthliboramphus 150 Cristilabrum 121. 122, 173 Creekshell, Kentucky 256 crawfordi, Torresitrachia 244 croatica, Knipowitschia 87 Creeper, Hawaii 56 crawshayi, Bellamya 1 19 croalicus, Chirocephalus 91 Creeper, Molokai 181 CroA: 34 croaticus, Paraphoxinus 73 creighloni. Crematogasler 100 Cray, Glenelg River 96 crocatus, Neurergus 201 Cray, River Crematogaster 100 Murray 96 crocea, Epthianura 158 Cremnomys 23 Crayfish, Alachua Light-fleeing Cave237 crocea, Tridacna 244 crenata, Crocidura 241 Crayfish, Apalachicola Cave 93 Crocias, Grey-crowned 50 crenatella, Elimia 1 1 Crayfish, Bearded Red 95 Crocias, Spotted 158 Crayfish, Big Blue Spring Cave Crenichthys 79 95 Crocias 50, 158 Crayfish, creon, Theskelomensor 125 Big South Fork 93 Crocidura 241 Crayfish, Big-cheeked Cave 94 crepidus, Epigomphus 107 Crocidura 6, 7, 136. 193. 241 Crayfish, Black Creek 95 Crescent-chest, Maranon 155 crockeri, Laticauda 62 Crayfish, Bluegrass 93 crescenta, Aegialia 99 Crocodile, African Slender-snouted 199 Crayfish, Brazoria 94 Crested-tern, Chinese 38 Crocodile, American 58 Crayfish, Chickamanga creticu, Macrothele 207 93 Crocodile, Cuban 58 Crayfish, Choctaw crex, Crex 36 Riverlet94 Crocodile, Estuarine 242 Crayfish, Coastal Lowland Cave 95 Crex 36 Crocodile, Morelet's 199 Crayfish, Conchas 94 cribrellum, Syrichtus 252 Crocodile, Orinoco 58 Crayfish, Corrollton 94 Cricetulus 143 Crocodile, Philippines 58 Crayfish, Crittenden 94 Cricket. Arizona Giant Sand TreaderlOS Crocodile. Siamese 58 Crayfish, Cypress 93 Cricket, Bay Area Ground 133 Crocodile. West African Dwarf 58 Crayfish, Furneaux Burrowing 95 Cricket, Black-headed Jerusalem 133 CROCOD'^LIA 58. 199. 242 Crayfish, Greenshorn Burrowing93 Cricket, Coachelia Giant Sand Treader CROCODYLIDAE 58. 199.242 Crayfish, Hatchie Burrowing 94 108 Crocodylus 58. 199. 242 Crayfish, Hell Creek 94 Cricket, Coachelia Valley Jerusaleml09 crocuta, Crocuta 129 Crayfish, Jackson Prarie 94 Cricket, Howarth's Cave 108 Crocuta 129 Crayfish, Kiamichi 94 Cricket, Kauai Thin-footed Bush 108 croesus, Omithoptera 105 Crayfish, Lagniappe 95 Cricket, Kaumana Cave 108 Croilia 169 Crayfish, Least 93 Cricket, Kelso Giant Sand Treader 108 Crombec. Short-billed 160 Crayfish, Lilly Pilly Burrowing95 Cricket, Kelso Jerusalem 108 crosnieri, Astacoides 95 Crayfish, Little Tennessee 93 Cricket, Keys Scaly 108 Crossarchus 224 Crayfish, Louisville 94 Cricket, Laricis Tree 108 Crossbill, Scottish 199 Crayfish, Madagascar Freshwater208 Cricket, Navajo Jerusalem 109 Crossidius 248 Crayfish, Mallacoota Burrowing95 Cricket, Oahu Deceptor Bush 187 crossleyi, Atelomis 44 Crayfish, Miami Cave 95 Cricket, Port Conception Jerusalem 108 crossleyi, Zoothera 161 Crayfish, Mississippi Flatwoods94 Cricket, ftairie Mole 209 Crossleyia 50 Crayfish, Mount Arthur Burrowing96 Cricket, Predatory Bush 109 crossoptilon, Crossoptilon 34 Crayfish, Narracan Burrowing 96 Cricket, Samwell Cave 254 Crossoptilon 34, 149 Crayfish, Nashville 94 Cricket, Schauinsland's Bush 108 Crotalus 62, 246 Crayfish, Noble 93 Cricket, Tanner's Black Camel 108 Crow, Andaman 104 Crayfish, Obey 93 Cricket, Volcanoes Cave 108 Crow, Banggai 58 Crayfish, Oklahoma Cave 93 Crimson-wing, Shelley's 57 Crow, Biak Dark 104 Crayfish, Oktibbeha Riverlet94 crinifrons, Muntiacus 20 Crow, Biak Threespot 104 Crayfish, Orlando Cave 94 criniger, Callicolumba 39 Crow, Bismark 244 Crayfish, Panama City 95 criniger, Setomis 157 Crow, Bougainville 164 Crayfish, Phantom Cave 95 Criniger 48 Crow, Brown-headed 164 Crayfish, Putnam County Cave 95 crinigera, Agrotis 1 86 Crow, Cordelia's 104 Crayfish, Red-black 93 crispus, Capricomis 130 Crow. Flores 58 Crayfish, Santa Fe Cave 95 crispus, Pelecanus 30 Crow. Hawaiian 58 Crayfish, Scottsdale Burrowing 96 crissalis, Vermivora 163 Crow. Javan 170 Crayfish, Shasta 93 Calyptura 46 cristata, Crow. Mariana 58 Crayfish, Silver Glen Springs Cave94 197 cristata, Dasyprocta Crow. Mascarene 104 Crayfish, Speckled Burrowing 94 cristata, Genetta 18 Crow. Murphy's 104 Crayfish, Spiny-tail 95 cristata, Goura 39

281 1 1 3 8 1

Crow, Nicobar 104 Cuckoo-dove, Andaman 151 Currassanthura 96 Crow, Outcast 237 Cuckoo-dove, Black 39 currierlanus, Somatogyrus 212 Crow, Pagenstecher's 244 Cuckoo-shrike, Blackish 157 cursor, Llophis 61 Crow, Palm 164 Cuckoo-shrike, Buru 48 curta. Achatlnella 120 Crow, Schaus' 170 Cuckoo-shrike, Grauer's 157 curta, Echiopsis 62 Crow, Seram 244 Cuckoo-shrike, Mauritius 48 curta, Leptobotia 203 104 Cuckoo-shrike, McGregor's48 Crow, Seychelles curta, Lithasia 1 1 Crow, Spartan 104 Cuckoo-shrike, Pied 157 curta, Pleurocera 118 Cuckoo-shrike, 48 Crow, Sulawesi Pied 244 Reunion curtipes, Ectemnius 251 Crow, Sulawesi Striped Blue 244 Cuckoo-shrike, Western Wattled48 Curtis a, Oxygastra 106 Cuckoo-shrike, White-winged48 Crow, Sumatran 171 curtisoma, Encheloclarias 76 Crow, Swainson's 171 Cuckooshrike, Slaty 242 curtissima, Euonyma 128 Crow, Tobler's 171 CUCUJIDAE 98 curtum, Pleurobema 1 1 Crow, Weymer's 244 Cucujus 98 curtus, Hipposideros 136 Crow, White-billed 164 CUCULIDAE 42, 152, 181, 198 curvlpes, Hygrotus 248 Crow, White-necked 58 CUCULIFORMES 42, 152, 181, 198 curvisuturus, Engaeus 95 crowleyi, Parantica 244 cucullata, Andigena 154 curytibana, Hirinaba 128 Crowned-pigeon, Southern 39 cucullata, Carduelis 56 Cuscus, Admiralty 241 Crowned-pigeon. Victoria 39 cucullata, Crypsirina 58 Cuscus, Black-spotted 4 Crowned-pigeon, Western 39 cucullata, Gibberula 213 Cuscus, Gebe 193 cruciger, Lagenorhynchus 242 cucullata, Grallaricula 46 Cuscus, Ground 193 crudigularis, Arborophila 149 cucullatus, Carpornis 156 Cuscus, Obi 4 cruentata, Pyrrhura 41 cucullatus, 180 Raphus Cuscus, Small 193 crumeniferus, Hipposideros 194 Cui-ui 75 Cuscus. Southern Common 219 crumpi, Diomys 143 cujus, Chasmistes 75 Cuscus, Stein's 4 Crunomys 23 CuUcivora 156 Cuscus, Telefomin 4 89, 132, 169, 185, 207, CRUSTACEA cultratus, Pelecus 202 Cuscus, Waigeo 193 237, 244, 247 cultriventris, Clupeonella 202 Cuscus, Woodlark Island 241 cryophilus, Megadontomys 144 culturatus, Niviventer 144 Cusimanse, Angolan 224 Crypsirina 58 culveri, Antrobia 114 Cusk-eel, New Providence 77 crypta, Ficedula 50 culvert, Lirceus 97 cuspldata, Gulella 216 Cryplazeca 123, 174 cumberlandensis, Phoxinus Ti cuvieri, Gazella 21 crypticus, Rhantus 249 cumingi, Newcombia 120 cuvleri, Orestias 205 68, 201 CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE cumingi, Phloeomys 26 cyanea, Paratherlna 78 Cryptochia 255 cumingiana, Carelia 189 cyaneovlrldls, Tachyclneta 157 Cryplochloris 5 cumingianus, Ancylastrum 1 1 cyanescens, Terpslphone 160 cryplodytes, Cambarus 93 cumingil, Megapodius 149 cyanocephala, Starnoenas 39 Cryptomastix 127 cumingii, Puntius 132 Cyanocorax 164 Cryptomys 145 cummingi, Palaemonetes 95 cyanogenia, Eos 40 Cryptophaps 151 cumulus, Oreokera 214 Cyanolimnas 36 Cryptoprocta 18 cuneata, Partula 191 Cyanolyca 58, 164 Cryptosaccus 174 cuneolus, Fusconaia 1 1 cyanomichla, Margaronia 253 Cryptospiza 57 cunicularius, Sylvilagus 146 cyanopecta, Alcedo 153 Cryptotis 1 cuniculinsulae, Placostylus 190 cyanophrys, Eupherusa 43 Crypturellus 29, 146 cuniculus, Orthogeomys 22 Cyanophrys 102 Crysocyon 140 Cuon 16 cyanopls, Columblna 38 crystalis, Pyrgulopsis 211 Cuora 64, 165,200 Cyanopsitta 40 Crystallaria 83 Cupedora 122, 173 cyanoptera, Thraupls 163 crystallinus, Bulinus 173 cuppedius, Steatomys 145 cyanopterus, Lutjanus 84 CTENIZIDAE 207 cupreocauda, Lamprotomis 164 Cyanoramphus 40, 152, 180. 181 CTENODACTYLIDAE 27 cupreus omatus, Callicebus 221 cyanurus, Pslttlnus 152 Ctenoglypta 190 cuprosa, Kerivoula 138 Cyathopoma 210 CTENOMYIDAE 145 cuprosus, Pipistrellus 13 cychlura cychlura, Cyclura 234 Ctenomys 145 Curaeus 56 cychlura figginsi, Cyclura Ti/i Ctenophila 124,245 curasoae, Leptonycteris 1 cychlura inomata, Cyclura 234 Ctenophorus 59 Curassow, Alagoas 180 cychlura, Cyclura 60 ctenopus, Tropodiaptomus 185 Curassow, Blue-billed 34 Cyclanorbls 166 Ctenotus, Hamelin 60 Curassow, Northern Helmeted34 Cycleptus 168 Ctenotus 60 Curassow, Red-billed 34 Cyclocephala 250 Cualac 79 Curassow, Southern Helmeted 34 Cyclocosmia IQl cubana, Anetia 170 Curassow, Wattled 34 Cycloderma 166 cubanus, Solenodon 5 CURCULIONIDAE 98, 185, 248 Cyclodina 60, 243 cubensis, Barbouria 95 curls, Liolaemus 199 cyclolepis, Barbus IQil cubensis, Tyrannus 47 Curlew, Bristle-thighed 37 Cyclonaias 172 Cuckoo, Cocos 42 Curlew, Eskimo 37 CYCLOPHORIDAE 114, 133, 187,210, Cuckoo, Moluccan 198 Curlew, Far 1 Eastern 50 238, 244 Cuckoo, Rufous-breasted 42 Curlew, Slender-billed 38 Cyclophorus 187

282 5 2

CYCLOPIDAE 92, 132, 185 Cyfora 212 iian(, Hyphydrus 248 cyclopis, Macaca 15 Cyttarops 136 danielae, Fallicambarus 94 CYCLOPOIDA 92, 132, 185 daanidentata, Pyrenaearia 126 Danio, Barred 72 Cycloptilum 108 Dabchick. New Zealand 29 Damo 72, 202 cycloslomaformis, Lioplax 120 dabrerai, Parantica 104 danjoui, Jabouilleia 5 1 Cyctosurus 187 dabryanus, Acipenser 70 dannatti, Parantica 104 cyclotis, Nyctimene 136 Dace, Desert 72 danubialis, Lobaunia 116 Cyclura 59, 60, 234 Dace, Las Vegas 183 daphne, Poecilmitis 103 Cyclyrius 252 Dace, Longnose 246 Daphnia 90,91 cygnoides, Anser 32 Dace, Mexican 183 DAPHNIIDAE 90 Cygnui 147, 179 Dace, Moapa 73 DARCYTHOMPSONIIDAE 96 Cylichnidia 124 Dace, Mountain Blackside73 darevskii, Vipera 62 Cylindraspis 182 Dace, Relict 74 dariensis, Elliptio 172 Dace, Speckled 246 cylindrella, Gonospira 128 darlingloni, Riekoperla 109 Dace, Tennessee cylindrellus, Carunculina 255 168 Darter. Amber 84 dachilleae, Nannopsittaca 152 cylindrellus, Toxolasma 1 1 Darter, Arkansas 169 cylindrica cylindrica, Quadrula 238 Dacnis, Black-legged 54 Darter, Ashy 83 Dacnis, Scarlet-breasted cylindrica strigillata, Quadrula 255 54 Darter, Bayou 169 Dacnis, Tit-like 163 cylindrica, Amastra 121 Darter, Bluestripe 84 Dacnis, Turquoise 55 cylindrica, Bythinella 1 1 Darter, Boulder 83 Dacnis, Viridian cylindricauda, Sorex 1 162 Darter, Coldwater 83 Dacnis, White-bellied 162 cylindricomis, Capra 21 Darter, Coppercheek 83 Dacnis 54, 162 cylindricus, Ceratogymna 154 Darter, Crystal 83 dacotae, Hesperia 102 Cylindroverlilla 245 Darter, Eastern Sand 83 dacotiae, Saxicola 160 Cylindrus 174 Darter, Finescale Saddled 169 dactyliophorus, Doryrhamphus 205 Cylloepus 249 Darter, Fountain 83 Dactylopsila 5 Darter, Freckled 84 cymatilis, Cambarus 93 daedalus, Nyctophilus 139 Darter, Goldline 84 Cymatium 173 daemcn, Tachyoryctes 145 Darter, Kanawha 169 cymatotaenia, Percina 84 daguerrei, Oxyepoecus 101 Darter, Leopard 84 Cymbiodyla 249 daguerrei, Solenopsis 101 Darter, Longhead 169 Cymothoe 253 dahli, Meriones 25 Darter, Longnose 169 CYNOCEPHALIDAE 8 t/a/i/i. Phrynops 62 Darter, Maryland 184 cynocephalus, Thylacinus 177 Daihinibaeneles 108 Darter, Mexican 83 Cynocephalus 8 Dalalias 69 Darter, Niangua 83 Cynogale 18 dalhousiensis, Craterocephalus 78 Darter, Okaloosa 83 Cynolebias 79 Dfl/Za 203 Darter, Oriental 147 131,230 Cynomji 22, Darter, Paleback 83 Ja///, Phocoenoides 129 Cynopterus 136 Darter, Pinewoods 206 daltoni, Gerbiilus 24 Cyorm.r 50. 158 Darter, Redband 169 dalmaticus, Strongylognathus 102 cypha, Gila 72 Darter, Rio Grande 83 dama mesopolamica, Dama 227 cyphotergous, Gibbibarbus 72 Darter, Sharphead 169 dama, Gazella 21 cyphyus, Plethobasus 172 Darter, Slackwater 83 Dama 227 CYPRI NODONTIFORMES 243, 247 Darter, Snail 84 Damaliscus 21. 130,228 CYPRIDIDAE 97, 185 Darter, Spotted 169 Damba 85 CYPRIDINIDAE 97 Darter, Stargazing 169 dam/, Paretroplus 85 cypriensis. Coluber 61 Darter, Striated 83 damii, Xenopirostris 49 Cyprinella 71, 72, 167, 246 Darter, Trispot 83 damrrmh. Oryx 21 CYPRINIDAE 71, 132, 167, 183,202, Darter, Tuscumbia 83 Damochlora 122 236, 243, 246 Darter, Watercress 83 CYPRINIFORMES 71, 132, 167, 183, damoni, Paramelania 119 Darter, Yellowcheek 83 106 202, 236, 243, 246 Damselfly, Adytum darwini, Bulimulus 126 Damselfly. Barrens Bluet 106 Cyprinodon 79, 80, 183, 243, 247 darwini, Nesoryzomys 178 Damselfly, Black-lined 106 CYPRINODONTIDAE 79, 168, 183. 205, darwinii, Rhinoderma 201 Damselfly, Prey's 237 243, 247 daryi, Adelphicos 61 Damselfly, Jugorum Megalagrionl87 CYPRINODONTIFORMES 79, 168, Daska 168 Damselfly, Leptodemas 106 183,205,236 DASYATIDAE 70 Damselfly, Nigrohamatum 171 Cyprinus 72, 183,202,236 Dasycercus 3 Damselfly, Oahu 106 Cyprogenia 110 dasycneme, Myotis 12 Damselfly, Oceanic 106 Cypseloides 43, 153, 198 dasymallus, Pteropus 9 Damselfly, Orange-black 106 Cypsnagra 162 Dasymys 23, 143 Damselfly, Pacific 106 Cymotheba 245 Dasyomis 50 Damselfly, Pele 237 cyrtandrae, Nesosydne 251 DASYPODIDAE 5, 136, 193 Damselfly, San Francisco Forktail 106 cyrtandricola, Nesosydne 251 Dasyprocta 28, 145, 197 Damselfly, Southern 106 Cyrtonyx 149 DASYPROCTIDAE 28, 145, 197 Danaus 170,237 Cyrtopeltis 251 Dasypus 5, 193 Dancea 124 Cysticus 213 Dasyure, Broad-striped 193 danfordi, Eudontomyion 167 cytherea, Partula 191 Dasyure, Red-bellied 193

283 1 1 8 1 2

DASYURIDAE 3, 135, 193, 219 Deer, Marsh 20 Dendrolagus 4, 135, 193 DASYUROMORPHIA 3, 135, 177, 193, Deer, McNeill's 226 Dendromus 23, 143 219 Deer, Michie's Tufted 227 dendrophorus, Streptocephalus 91 Dasyurus 3, 135, 219 Deer, North Andean 197 Dendropicos 154 Daubentonia 14 Deer, Pampas 141 Dendroprionomys 143 Deer, David's daubentonii, Myoplerus 194 Pere 20 Dendrortyx 34, 149 DAUBENTONl'iDAE 14 Deer, Persian Fallow 227 Dendrotrochus 215 dauricus, Huso 70 Deer, Philippine Brown 197 dendyi, Acanthanura 250 Deer, Phillipine Spotted 20 davidi, Arborophila 34 dendyi, Streptocephalus 91 Deer, Schomburgk's 178 davidi, Echymipera 193 deningeri, Lichmera 162 Deer, Siberian Musk 20 davidi, Niltava 159 Denisonia 62 Deer, South Andean 20 davidi, Parantica 104 denningi, Agapetus ISA Deer, Swamp 20 davidi, Strix 42 dennistouni, Stachyris 160 Deer, Thailand Brow-antlered 226 davidianus, Andrias 20 densirostris, Mesoplodon 196 Deer, Thorold's20 davidianw:, Elaphurus 20 dentata, Litoria 243 Deer, Tibetan Red 226 davidianus, Paradoxornis 51 dentata, Stygicola 77 Deer, Tufted 197 daviesi, Micronycleris 137 dentatis dentatis, Aloeides 252 Deer, Yarkand 226 davisi, Farula 255 dentatis maseruna, Aloeides 252 defilippiana, Pterodroma 30 davisi, Pyrgulopsis 211 dentatis, Aloeides 102 degenerata, Leiostyla 127 davisoni, Pseudibis 31 dentatus, Batomys 197 degeni, Platytaeniodus 184 dayi, Hypseleotris 169 dentex, Prognathochromis 184 degodiensis, Mirafra 48 (ia>'(, Nyctimystes 65 dentex, Salmo 204 Deinacrida 108, 109, 209, 254 daj'i, Suncus 8 dcnri, Otomys 144 Deinocossonus 248 deaconi, Rhinichthys 183 denticulata, Branchinella 91 Deinomimesa 251 deanae, Orconectes 94 denticulata, Geochelone 65 deiroleucus, Falco 149 dearolfi, Crangonyx 89 denticulata, Lamprocystis 215 dejectus, Stygobromus 89 deburghiae, Tropidophora 1 1 denticulus, Eudiscopus 138 dekeyseri, Lonchophylla 1 decanipi, Campeloma 120 dentiens, Ningbingia 122 delacouri, Hapalomys 143 93, 185, 207, 237 DECAPODA dentifera, Partula 191 delacouri, Trachypithecus 15 decastigma, Platynectes 249 dentiplaga, Euploea 244 decemlineata, Mungotictis delalandei, Coua 181 17 dentirostris, Ailuroedus 164 Delanymys 242 deceptor, Leptogryllus 187 depasoapicata, Opanara 123 delcourti, decia, Hydroptila 254 Hoplodactylus 182 depressa, Geoemyda 64 delectus, decipiens, Achalinella Graptodytes 98 120 depressicollis, Deronectes 98 delesserti, Garrulax decipiens, Somatogyrus 212 159 depressicornis, Bubalus 20 delicata, Jacksonena decisum, Pleurobema 172 173 depressum, Meridolum 122 delicatissima. Iguana 60 deckenii, Rhinolophus 194 depressus, Natator 63 deckerti, Tilapia 86 delicatulus, Pseudomys 144 depressus, Stemotherus 64 delicatus, Procambarus 94 declivis, Vallonia 175 depressus, Turgenitubulus Delma, Collared 60 122 decora, Achalinella 1 88 deraniyagalai, Delma,Su-iped Tailed 60 Schismatogobius 207 decora, Paradisaea 58 derasa, 1 Delma 60 Tridacna 1 decorata, Lasmigona 1 1 derbiana, Psittacula 152 Deloneura 186 decorata, Trachemys 64 delongi, Mixogaster 250 derbianus derbianus, Tragelaphus 230 decorticata, Sinployea 1 89 derbianus gigas, Delos 216 Tragelaphus 230 decorus, Hydaticus 248 derbianus, Caluromys 3 deloustali, Paramesotriton decticostoma, Prognathochromis 68 184 derbianus, DELPHACIDAE 251 Oreophasis 34 dedeckkeri, Canthocamptus 96 derbianus, Delphinapterus 18 Taurotragus 141 dedecora, Ptychalaea 127 derbyi, Eriocnemis 153 DELPHINIDAE 18, 129, 195,242 Deer, Alpine Musk 226 delphinuloides, Geomiira 124 DERMAPTERA 99 Deer, Atlas 226 Delphinus 242 DERMATEMYDIDAE 63 Deer, Bactrian 226 Dermatemys 63 delphis, Delphinus 242 Deer, Black Musk 141 DERMOCHELYIDAE 63 Deer, Burmese Brow-antlered 226 Deltistes 75 Dermochelys 63 Deer, Calamian 20 demersus, Spheniscus 146 Dermogenys 81, 168 Deer, Cedros Island Mule 227 demidoff, Percarina 84 DERMOPfERA 8 Deer, Chinese Water 141 demissus, Eptesicus 12 Deroceras 121, 173,215 Deer, Columbian White-tailed 227 demissus, Hipposideros 10 Deronectes 98, 248 Deer, Corsican Red 226 demonstrator. Mops 139 deserticola, Psychomastatix 108 Deer, Eld's 20 Dendragapus 149 deserticola, Spaniacris 133 Deer, Forest Musk 141 Dendrocitta 164 desertor, Pseudomys 144 Deer, Himalayan Musk 226 DENDROCOLAPTIDAE 45, 155 deshayesi, Gonospira 128 Deer, Ichang Tufted 227 dendrocolaptoides. Clibanomis 155 desidens, Pleurodonte 189 Deer, Indo-Chinese Hog 226 Dendrocopos 154 Desman, Pyrenean 8 Deer, Key 227 Dendrocygna 32 Desman, Russian 8 Deer, Kuhl's 20 Dendrogale 8 Desmana 8 Deer, Little Red Brocket 141 Dendrohyrax 19, 226 desmare.itii, Megalomys 178 Deer, Manipur Brow-antlered 226 Dendroica 55, 163 desmazuresi, Tropidophora 188

284 1

Desmocerus 248 Dicrostonyx 23, 197, 232 discicollis, Agabus 98 desmonda, Mesodontrachia 174 DICRURIDAE 57, 164 DISCIDAE 123, 174, 190. 214 desmondi teita, Papilio 253 Dicrurus 57. 58, 164 Discocharopa 214 Desmopachria 248 didactyius, Choloepus 193 DISCOGLOSSIDAE 66, 132, 182, 246 desperate, Crocidura 6 DIDELPHIDAE 3, 135, 193 Discoglossus 66, 1 82, 246 desperatus, Gammarus 185 DIDELPHIMORPHIA 3, 135, 193 discolor. Lathamus 41 despreauxii. Obelus 126 didelphoides, Mesomys 197 Disconaias 1 1 destefanii, Strongylognathus didinus, 102 Megalaperyx 179 discrepans. Ogasawarana 209 destructor, Cherax 95 Didunculus 38 discrepans, Oliarus 251 deteani, Nephrurus 59 dieffenbachii, Gallirallus 180 Discula 124 detecta, Harmogenanina 215 difficilis. Phylloscartes 156 Disculella 124,245 devecchi, Barbopsis 71 difficilis. Pupina 212 discurus, Prioniturus 152 devexus, Distocambarus 94 Digger. Rusty Grave 93 Oii-c«.r 123, 174, 190,214 dewaali, Redigobius 169 Diglossa 54, 162 disjunclicus. Engaeus 95 deweesae, Dikdik, Silver Cambarus 93 21 dispar, Coracina 157 dewegeri, Dikume 85 Paralabrax 168 dispar, Lycaena 170 Dexteria dikume, Konia 85 91 dispersa, Nesopupa 216 dhofarensis, dilatatum, Crocidura 6 Sympetrum 187 disposita, Ficedula 50 Dhole 16 dimidiata, Monodelphis 135 dissimilis, Psephotus 152 dhongoka, dimidiata, Pomarea Kachuga 166 52 dissimilis. Turdus 161 diaboli, Dionda 72 dimidiatus, Oryzomys 144 dissita, Cranioleuca 155 diabolicus, dimidiatus, Eurostopodus 43 Philydor 155 distans, Amazilia 43 diminutus. diabolis, Cyprinodon 79 Cambarellus 93 distans. Lethe 253 diadema candidus, Propithecus diminutus. Gomphus 171 221 distinguendus, Dryophthorus 185 dimorpha, diadema diadema, Propithecus 221 Achatinella 188 Distocambarus 94 dimorpha. diadema edwardsi, Propithecus 221 Palaina 210 ditaenia, Gila 72 diadema perrieri, dimorpha. Uroglaux Propithecus 221 198 ditrema, Etheostoma 83 diadema, Charmosyna 40 Dinaromys 143 Dilropis 114 dinellianus, diadema, Helicodiscus 174 Pseudocolopteryx 47 diumus, Taudactylus 67 dineutoides, diadema, Propithecus 14 Pleurodytes 249 diutuma, Pardosa 88 Dingiso 4 dialeucos, Odontophorus 149 Divellomelon 122 dinniki, Vipera diametra natalica, lolaus 252 62 diversa, Isonychia 250 DINOMYIDAE 28 rfiflna diana, Cercopithecus 212 diversipes. Hygrotus 248 Dinomys 28 diana roloway, Cercopithecus 222 diversus, Euastacus 96 dinops, Hipposideros diana, Cercopithecus 15 136 diversus, Neochanna 204 Dinomis 179 dianae, Emballonura 10 Diving-petrel, Peruvian 30 dianae, Pseudocampylaea 190 diodon, Charpentieria 174 Djam-djam 222 Diomedea 29, dianae, Tarsius 194 30, 146 dobrogicus, Triturus 201 DIOMEDEIDAE 29, 146 dianchiensis, Sphaerophysa 75 Dobsonia 8, 136, 177 diaphana, Samoana 127 Diomys 143 Dodo 180 diaphanum, Bythiospeum 244 Dionda 72, 246 Dog, African Wild 16 Diaphlebia 107 dioptrica, Australophocaena 196 Dog, Arizona Black-tailed Prairie230 DIAPTOMIDAE 91, 185, 207 Diphylla 137 Dog, Bush 16 Diaptomus 207 Diplodon 110 Dog, Mexican Prairie 22 diardi, Lophura 35 Diplogale 18 Dog, Utah Prairie 131 Diastole 125, 190 Dipioglossus 59, 164 dohertyi persimilis. Ypthima 254 i/iaz;, Romerolagus 29 Diplommalina 210, 256 dohertyi, Coracina 157 Dibatag 20 DIPLOMMATINIDAE 210, 256 dohertyi. Lophozosterops 161 Dibbler 3 diplomphalus, Hirasea 124 dohertyi, Oreolyce 252 DICAEIDAE 53, 161, 199 Diplomys 28, 146 dohertyi. Pitta 156 Dicaeum 53, 161 Diplomystes 75, 203 dohertyi, Ptilinopus 39 dicei, Sylvilagus 29 DIPLOMYSTIDAE 75, 203 dohertyi, Troides 105 Dicerorhinus 19, 225 Diplothrix 143 dohmi, Paleoxenus 249 Diceros 19 Dipnelix 1\A dohmi, Palaina 210 dichotomus, Blastocerus 20 DIPODIDAE 23, 142, 197, 232, 242 dohrnii, Ramphodon 43 dichroma, Dionda 72 Dipodomys 23, 131, 142, 231, 232 dolabelloides, Lexingtonia 172 Dipper, Rufous-throated 49 dickeyi, Cyanocorax 164 dolabraeformis, Lampsilis 1 1 dickeyi, Peromyscus 26 DIPROTODONTIA 4, 129, 135, 177, 193, dolani, Homoeoneuria 250 219.241 dickhilleni, Alytes 66 Dolania 250 DIPTERA 99, 185,250 dicksoni calviniae, Thestor252 Dolapex 125 Dirce 252 dicksoni dicksoni, Thestor 252 i/o/fi, Carelia 189 D/rcc 252 dicksoni, Oxychaeta 103 do/si, Palmeria 56

dirks i, Formica 100 dicksoni, Stygionympha 253 do/e/, Partulina 213 Disa 74 dicksoni, Tsitana 252 Doleschallia 253 diifl, Puntius 74 Diclidurus 10, 136 DOLICHOPODIDAE 185 Disc, Marbled 123 dicobolus yarrowi, Catostomus 246 dolichostoma, Partula 191 Discherodontus 243 Dicranopselaphus 249 Dolichotis 145

285 1 1

doliolum, Palaina 210 Dormouse, Japanese 28 Drongo, Sumatran 164 Doliomis 46 Dormouse, Mouse-tailed 28 Drosophila 185 dollmani, Maxomys 24 Doronomyrmex 100 DROSOPHILIDAE 185 dolloff. Meta 88 dorothea dorothea, Trigonoscuta 248 druceanus entabeni, Charaxes253 Dolomedes 88 dorothea, Marmosops 3 druceanus williamsi, Charaxes 253 Dolophilodes 255 dorolheae, Amytomis 49 drummondhayi, Epinephelus 82 Dolores, Guayacon de Hacienda 80 dorsalis dorsalis, Cicindela 248 dryadopa, Oeoblia 253 dolorosa, Partula 191 dorsalis, Cephalophus 141 dryanderensis, Offachloritis 122 Dolphin, Atlantic Spotted 196 dorsalis, Homoroselaps 165 dryas, Cercopithecus 194 Dolphin, Atlantic Hump-backed 196 dorsalis, Lepilemur 14 dryas, Gracilinanus 3 Dolphin, Atlantic White-sided242 dorsalis, Phacellodomus 155 dryas, Microgale 5 Dolphin, Black 195 Doryrhamphus 205 dryburghi, Thestor 103 Dolphin, Bottlenose 196 Dotterel, New Zealand 37 Drymaeus 121 Dolphin, Clymene 196 douglasensis, Stenelmis 249 Drymarchon 246 Dolphin, Commerson's 195 douglasi, Sminthopsis 4 Drymophila 155 Dolphin, Common 242 douglasorum, Eptesicus 138 Dryobius 248 Dolphin, Dusky 195 Dove. Brown-backed 151 Dryococelus 187 Dolphin, Fraser's 195 Dove, Cloven-feathered 38 Dryocopus 45, 154 19 Dolphin, Ganges River Dove, Grenada 39 Dryomys 27, 145 Heaviside's 195 Dolphin, Dove, Ochre-bellied 39 Dryophthorus 185 Dolphin, Hector's 18 Dove, Socorro 1 80 Dryotribus 185 Dolphin, Hourglass 242 Dove, Tolima 39 dubautianus, Aeschrithmysus 248 Dolphin, Indo-Pacific Hump-backed 196 Dove, Whistling 151 dubia, Cercomela 158 Dolphin, Indus River 19 Dowitcher, Asian 150 dubia, Partulina 121 Dolphin, Irrawaddy 195 downiei, Elliptio 172 dubiaquercus, Anlrozous 1 Dolphin, La Plata River 196 doyeni, Trigonoscuta 248 Dubiraphia 249 Dolphin, Northern Right Whale242 dracomontana, Rana 167 dubitabilis, Nesopupa 216 Dolphin, Pacific White-sided 242 draconicus, Chlorolestes 171 dubius drucei, Hypolimnas 253 Dolphin, Pantropical Spotted 129 draconilla, Nyctimene 9 dubius, Callicebus 14 Dolphin, Peale's 195 draconis, Eurypegasus 205, 236 dubius, Leptoptilos 31 Dolphin, Risso's 195 Dragon, Komodo 61 Dolphin, Rough-toothed 196 dubius, Notodiaptomus 92 Dragon, South-eastern Lined Earless234 Dolphin, Southern Right Whale 195 ducalis, Megadytes 185 Dragon, Yinnietharra Rock 59 Dolphin, Spinner 129 Duck, Black-headed 147 Dragonet, St Helena 87 Dolphin, Striped 129 Duck, Blue 32 Dragonfly, Alleghany Snaketail238 Dolphin, White-beaked 242 Duck, Ferruginous 32 Dragonfly, Banded 106 Bog Skimmer Duck, Freckled 32 domicella, Lorius 41 Dragonfly, Big Thicket Emerald 106 Duck, Hawaiian 32 dominicana, Heteroxolmis 47 Dragonfly, Bronze Clubtail 107 Duck, Labrador 179 dominicensis, Myotis 12 Dragonfly, Cherokee Clubtail 107 Duck, Laysan 32 domogledi, Metrioptera 109 Dragonfly, Edmund's Snaketail 107 Duck, Mandarin 147 Donacia 248 Dragonfly, Florida Spiketail 106 Duck, Mauritian 179 donosoi, Liolaemus 199 Dragonfly, Howe's Snaketail 107 Midget Duck, Meller's 147 Doradito, Dinelli's 47 Dragonfly, Ohio Emerald 106 Duck, Philippine 147 dorae, Dendrocopos 154 Dragonfly, Relict 106 Himalayan Duck, Pink-headed 32 dorcas claytoni, Lycaena 252 Dragonfly, Septima's Clubtail 107 Duck, Spectacled 147 dorcas dorcas, Damaliscus 228 Dragonfly, Shining 106 Macromia Duck, White-headed 32 dorcas pelzelni. Gazelle 228 Dragonfly, Tennessee Clubtail 107 Duck, White-winged 32 dorcas phillipsi, Damaliscus 228 Drapamaudia 124 Ducula 39, 151 dorcas, Damaliscus 130 DRAPARNAUDIIDAE 124 dufresniana, Amazona 1 5 dorcas. Gazella 141 DREPANIDIDAE 56, 163, 181 dugesi, Thermosphaeroma 97 Dorcatragus 21 Drepanis 181 dugon, Dugong 19 Dorcopsis, Black 4 Drepanoptila 38 Dugong 19 Dorcopsis, Macleay's4 Drill 15 Dugong 19 Dorcopsis 4 Drill, Fernando Po 222 DUGONGIDAE 19, 178 Dorcopsulus 4 Drill, Mainland 222 Duiker, Abbott's 21 Dorcus 249 Driloleirus 109, 1 10 Duiker, Aders' 21 doretta, Euploea 244 drimica, Ohridohaujfenia 188 Duiker, Bay 141 doriae, Chiroderma 11 Dromaeocercus 158 Duiker, Black 141 doriae, Hesperoptenus 12 DROMAIIDAE 179 Duiker, Black-fronted 141 doriae, Hipposideros 194 Dromaius 179 Duiker, Harvey's Red 130 doriae, Megatriorchis 148 dramas, Dromus 1 10 Duiker, Jentink's 21 doriae, Mormopterus 13 Dromiciops 3 Duiker, Maxwell's 141 doriae, Phascolosorex 193 Dromus 110 Duiker, Natal Red 130 dorianus, Dendrolagus 4 Drongo, Aldabra 164 Duiker, Ogilby's 141 Dormouse, Common 145 Drongo, Andaman 164 Duiker, Peters' 141 Dormouse, Fat 145 Drongo, Grand Comoro 57 Duiker, Red-flanked 130 Dormouse, Forest 145 Drongo, Mayotte 58 Duiker, Ruwenzori Black-fronted228 Dormouse, Garden 27 Drongo, Principe 164 Duiker, Weyn's 141 i 1

286

I 5 8 9 1

Duiker, White-bellied 141 Eagle, Harpy 148 edeni, Balaenoptera 195 Duiker, White-legged 228 Eagle, Imperial 33 Edentulina 216 Duiker, Yellow-backed 141 Eagle, New Guinea Harpy 33 edgbastonensis, Jardinella 116 Duiker, Zebra 21 Eagle, Philippine 33 editha bayensis, Euphydryas 253 Dulce, Tollo de 75 Agua Eagle, Solitary 148 editha monoensis, Euphydryas 253 duloticus, Leptothorax 100 Eagle, Spanish Imperial 33 edmitchelli, Collisella 187 Eagle, White-tailed dulvertonensis, Angrobia 1 88 148 edmundo, Ophiogomphus 107 Eagle-owl, Lesser 42 dumasi, Zoothera 199 edwardii, Elephantulus 29 dumerili, Acrantophis Eagle-owl, Philippine 42 61 edwardshilli, Hipposideros 136 Eagle-owl, Spot-bellied 152 dumerilianus, Peltocephalus 64 edwardsi, Lepilemur 241 Eagle-owl, Usambara 42 dumerilii dumerilii, Ambysloma 246 edwardsi, Lophura 35 dunckeri, Phnllostethus 79 Eanus 249 Edwardsia 217 eapensis, Nesopupa 216 dunckeri, Solegnathus 82 edwardsiana, Grapholitha 254 Eared-nightjar. Satanic 43 dunkeri, Bylhinella 1 1 EDWARDSIIDAE 128, 217 Eared-pheasant, Blue 149 dunkerianus, Diplodon 1 1 Edwardsirui 99 Eared-pheasant, Brown 34 dunmalli, Furina 62 Eel, Blind Cave 205 Eared-pheasant, Tibetan 34 Dunnart, Bollanger Id 219 Eel, Spiny 205 Eared-pheasant, White 34 Dunnart, Carpentarian 4 Eelgoby, Bearded 169 Earthcreeper, Bolivian 155 Dunnart, Chestnut 219 £j9ena 250 Earthworm, Giant Gippsland 1 10 Dunnart, Common 219 effractor, Monomorium 101 Dunnart, Julia Creek 4 Earthworm, Oregon Giant 1 10 effugiens, Actinella 124 Dunnart, Kangaroo Island 3 Earthworm, Washington Giant 109 cga, Scleronycteris 1 Dunnart, Sandhill 4 Earwig, Saint Helena 99 egeria, Chalinolobus 137 Dunnart, White-footed 193 eastmani. Colophon 99 egerides, Aloeides 102 dunni, Hynobius 68 eastwoodae, Tetradactylus 182 Egemia 60, 234 dunni, Kinostemon 64 eatoni, Komarekiona 109 egregius, Lasiurus 138 dunsirei, ebenus, Lasiurus 12 Garra 72 Egret, Chinese 31 123 eherhardi, Pseudotricula 256 duplicidentata, Opanara Egret, Slaty 31 ebii, Epixerus 142 duponti, Conospira 128 Egretta 31 Ebonyshell, Round 172 Dupontia 124, 190 egridiri, Phoxinellus Ti eboraci, Euploea 244 Dupucharopa 123 Eider, Spectacled 32 eboratum, Heteragrion 107 duquesneyi, Celestus 199 Eider, Steller's 32 ecaudala, Diphylla 137 dura gammiei, Lethe 253 Eidoleon 254 ecaudatus, Chaeropus 177 Durangonella 1 16 eigenmanni, Evarra 183 Ecchlorolestes 108, 171 Durbania 252 fira 224 ecclesi, Bellamya 1 1 durgadasi, Hipposideros 10 eisentrauti, Crocidura 6 Ecclisomyia 255 dumfordi nicholi, Charaxes 253 eisentrauti, Hybomys 24 Echidna, Long-beaked 3 Dusicyon 177, 195,241 eisentrauti, Konia 85 Echidna, Short-beaked 219 Dussartius 92 eisentrauti, Melignomon 44 ECHIMYIDAE 28, 145, 178, 197 dussumieri, Casarea 61 eisentrauti, Myosorex 7 Echimys 28, 146, 197 duthieae, Chlorotalpa 5 ejuncida, Hypseleotris 169 echinatus. Coitus 184 dutoiti, Arthroleptides 182 Elachistodon 200 echinatus, Procambarus 95 duttoniana, Lithasia 1 1 Eland, Common 131 echinatus, Tarsomys 27 duvauceli branderi, Cervus 226 Eland, Eastern Giant 230 ECHINIDAE 169 duvauceli duvauceli, Cervus 225 Eland, Giant 141 echinista, Echymipera 193 duvauceli ranjitsinhi, Cervus 226 Eland, Western Giant 230 Echinodillo 208 duvauceli, Cervus 20 £fci/7fte 200 ECHINOIDA 169 duvauceli, Hoplodactylus I'i'i elaphinus, Rattus 26 ECHINOIDEA 169 duvergeri, Acilius 98 Elaphodus 197, 227 echinopyge, Canthocamptus 96 duyvenbodei, Aethopyga 53 Elaphoidetla 96 echinulata, Discula 124 dwightii, Partulina 213 elaphra, Collocalia 43 Echinus 169 dwyeri, Chalinolobus 12 Elaphrus 98 Echiopsis 62 Dyacopterus 136 Elaphurus 20 echo, Psiltacula 41 dyeriana, Angrobia 114 elaphus affmis, Cervus 226 Echymipera, Clara's 193 Dynastes 250 elaphus alashanicus, Cervus 226 Echymipera, David's 193 Dyscophus 67 elaphus bactrianus, Cervus 226 Echymipera, Menzies' 193 Dysithamnus 45, 155 elaphus barbarus, Cervus 226 Echymipera 193 Dysnomia 187,255 elaphus corsicanus, Cervus 226 econfinae, Procambarus 95 Dysticheus 248 elaphus hanglu, Cervus 226 Economidichthys 87 DYTISCIDAE 98, 185, 248 elaphus macneilli, Cervus 226 Ectemnius 251 Dytiscus 98, 248 elaphus wallichi, Cervus 226 Ectodemia 186 eachamensis, Melanotaenia 78 elaphus yarkandensis, Cervus 226 Ectopistes 180 Eagle, Black-and-chestnut 148 ELAPIDAE 61, 165, 200,234 edax, Olallamys 146 Eagle, Crested 148 Elapognathus 165 eddystonensis, Placostylus 126 Eagle, Crowned 33 Elasmias 120. 124,213 edeaensis, Louisea 96 Eagle, Greater Spotted 33 ELASMOBRANCHII 69, 201 £de/ia 82 Eagle, Gumey's 148 Elasmodontomys 179

287 3 1

Elassoma 83, 169, 247 Elimia, Hearty 117 emarginatus, Stygobromus 89 ELASSOMATIDAE 83, 169,247 Elimia, High-spired 188 Emballonura 10, 129 elata, Ceratogymna 154 Elimia, Knotty 117 EMBALLONURIDAE 10. 129, 136 elata, Tryonia 212 Elimia, Lacy 117 Emberizo 54, 55, 162

ELATERIDAE 249 Elimia, Lily Shoals 1 17 EMBERIZIDAE 54. 162

elatior, Rhodacme 1 1 Elimia, Mud 117 Emberizoides 162 elator, Dipodomys 23 Elimia, Pupa 1 17 Embernagra 162 elatus, Stygobromus 89 Elimia, Puzzle 117 EMBIOTOCIDAE 247 eldi eldi, Cervus 226 Elimia, Pygmy 1 17 Emerald, Calverts' 171 Elimia, eldi siamensis, Cervus 226 Ribbed 117 Emerald. Grace's 181 eldi ihamin, Cervus 226 Elimia, Rough-lined 1 17 Emerald. Honduran 43 Elimia, Round-rib 117 eldi, Cervus 20 Emerald, Orange-spotted 106 Elimia. Short-spired 117 elecebra, Pheidole 101 Emerald, Tachira 43 Elimia, Silt 117 electilis, Kupea 253 emersa, Dobsonia 8

Elimia, Slowwater 1 17 electro, Idea 104 emersoni, Partulo 127 Elimia, Spindle 1 17 electro, Peponocepholo 242 emery i, Strongylognathus 102 Elimia, Squat 212 electro, Videno 217 emigdionis, Plebejus 252 Elimia, Walnut 117 Electron 154 emiliae, Grocilinanus 3 Elimia 117, 188, 212 elegons elegons, Laniisoma 246 emilioe, Monodelphis 3 Eliomys 27, 145 elegons nevadensis, Spermophilus 231 empedonepia, Tettigideo 109 elisa, Fabriciana 253 elegons zogrebensis, Niphargus 237 Emperor, Western Forest 253 elisobeth, Myadestes 159 elegons, Achotinella 188 Empetrichthys 1 84, 247 Elisolimax 215 elegons, Cyclanorbis 166 emphanum, Polypleclron 35 Eliurus 24, 143, 242 elegons, Cyprinodon 79 Empicoris 251 Elk, Siberian 226 elegons, Georissa 209 EMPIDIDAE 250 elkensis, Combarus 93 elegons, Gila 72 Emu, Kangaroo Island 179 Elktoe, Appalacian 1 10 elegons, Laniisoma 46 Emu, King Island 179 Elktoe, Cardina 110 elegons, Leptomys 24 Emu-tail, Brown 158 Elktoe, Cumberland 255 elegons, Leptopoecile 159 Emuwren, Mallee 132 ellermani, Moyermys 24 elegons, Macruromys 24 EMYDIDAE 64, 165, 200, 243, 246 Ellinopyg%steos 81 elegons, Margoretomys 24 Emydoidea 165 ellioti, Syrmaticus 35 elegans, Omphalotropis 210 Emydura 243 elliotii. Pitta 156 elegons, Ordtrochia 122 emys, Monourio 65 Ellipsario 172 elegons. Sterna 150 Emys 165 ellipsiprymnus defosso, Kobus 229 elegontulus, Euoticus 139 Enallagma 106, 208 ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus, Kobus Eleothreptus Encheloclarios 76 153 229 ELEOTRIDAE 87, 169, 206, 247 endersi, Cryptotis 1 244, ellipsiprymnus, Kobus 130 Eleotris 169,206 ENDODONTIDAE 124, 190, 214 elliptico, Litthabitello 116 Elephant, African 19 endoi, Pipistrellus 194 Elliptic 110, 172,255 Elephant, Asian 19 endymion, Poecilmitis 103 Elliptoideus 110 Elephant-Shrew, Black-and-rufous29 eneidae, Eleutherodactylus 201 elliptus, Lanistes 173 Elephant-shrew, Chequered 245 Engoeus 95, 96 Ellobius 24 Elephant-shrew, Four-toed 245 Engoewo 96 ELMINTHIDAE 99, 249 Elephant-shrew, Golden-rumped29 engonus, Rottus 26 Elona 245 Elephant-shrew, Henderson's Chequeredn engonata, Discus 214 elongato, Amastro 1 88 245 ENGRAULIDAE 202 elongoto, Calamoecia 91 Elephantbird, Great 179 Enicognathus 152 elongato, Cobitis 203 ELEPHANTIDAE 19 ENIDAE 124,215,245 elongata, Cryptazeco 123 Eleplwntulus 29 enigma, Todirhomphus 154 elongoto, Hemisoga 109 Elephas 19 enniensis, Vollonia 217 elongata, Indotestudo 65 Eleuthemis 238 ENOPLA 128, 175, 217 elongata, Victodrobia 117 Eleutherodactylus 67, 201 enoptes smithi, Euphilotes 252 elongatula, Omphalotropis 210 elevoto, Amplirhogado 244 ensipennis, Campylopterus 43 elongatulus, Unio 256 Elfin, San Bruno 252 entellus, Semnopithecus 140 elongotus, Acheilognathus 7 e/gmi, Spilomis 148 Enterochromis 85 elongatus, Ambassis elgonius, Crociduro 6 244 Entomacrodus 206 elongotus, Cycleptus Eliinia, Banded 117 168 entomostoma, Brazieria 1\1 elpenor, Atlontisia Elimia, Black-crest 117 180 Eodidptomus 92 elphinstonii, Elimia, Cahaba212 Columbo 151 Eoglaucomys 142 elseri, Bythiospeum 173 Elimia, Caper 117 Eologurus 131 Elseya Elimia, Closed 117 62, 200 Eoleptestheria 92 eludens, Grallaria 155 Elimia, Cobble 117 eoi, Bulimulus 126 Elimia, Coldwater elusivus, Hydroporus 248 212 foj 40. 152 Elimia, Constricted Elusor 62 117 Eozapus 23 Elimia, Flaxen 117 elvira, Cremnomys 23 EPACTERISCIDAE 92 Elimia, Fusiform 117 emarginatus, Myotis 12 Epalzeorhynchos 183 Elimia, Gladiator 117 emarginatus, Scotomanes 194 epominondas, Grophium 105

288 1 1 6

Epargyreus 252 Eriocnemis 43. 153 Eudiscopus 138 Epargyreus 252 Eriogaster 208 Eudontomyzon 69. 167. 201 eperlanus, Osmerus 204 eriophora, Kerivoula 12 Eudyptes 29 Ephemera 250 Erithacus 158 eugeniae, Ptiiinopus 151 Ephemerella 250 ernsti, Graptemys 166 eugenii , Macropus 220 EPHEMERELLIDAE 250 Eropeplus 24 eugenii decres, Macropus 220 EPHEMERIDAE 186,250 erora, Kinixys 200 eugenii derbianus. Macropus 220 EPHEMEROPTERA 99, 186,250 erosa, Omphalotropis 210 eugenii eugenii, Macropus 220 ephemerus, Stygobromus 89 Erpelogomphus 238. 244 eugenii, Macropus 220 EPHYDRIDAE 250 errans, Panoquina 170 euglypta, Glyptorhagada 122 epicentra, Hedylepta 186 erskinensis, Allocharopa 123 Euhadra 213.239 epicharis, Sturanyella 209 erubescens portosancti, Leptaxis 239 Eulamprus 60, 234, 246 Epicrates 61, 165, 234, 246 erubescens, Barbus 71 Eulemur 13, 14, 220, 241, 245 Epigomphus 107 Erymnochelys 64 Eulidia 43 Epimachus 58, 164 erythrocephala, Podocnemis 65 eulima, Cecilioides 124 Epimymra 100 erythrocephalus, Hylocryptus 45 eu/o, Jardinella 1 1 Epimyrma 100 Erythroecia 253 Eulonchus 250 Epinephelus 82, 83, 168, 206 erythrogaster, Cercopithecus 15 eulophotes, Egretta 31 Epioblasma 1 10, 1 1 1, 209, 238 erythrogenys, Aratinga 152 EUMASTACIDAE 108 Epiophlebia 106 erythronota, Zoothera 161 Eumeces 60. 165 EPIOPHLEBIIDAE 106 erythronolos, Formicivora 45 Eumetopias 17 epiroticus, Paraphoxinus 202 erythrophthalma, Lophura 35 Eumops 13. 139 epirrhinos, Hephaestus 168 erythropoma, Pyrgulopsis 211 Eumorsea 108 Epischura 92, 207 erythrops, Procambarus 95 Eumyias 158 episcopa ssp., Dionda 246 erythroptera, Gallicolumba 39 eungella, Euastacus 96 Epixerus 142 erythroptera, Onalis 34 eungellensis, Taudactylus 67 epomophora, Diomedea 146 erythropus, Anser 32 Eunice 209 Epomophorus 8, 136 erythropygius, Pericrocotus 157 Eunicella 128 Epomops 8 erythropygius, Stumus 164 EUNICIDA 209 epsilanus, Myospalax 144 erythrotis erythrotis. Cercopithecus 222 EUNICIDAE 209 Eptesicus 12, 138, 194 erythrotis, Cercopithecus 15 eunus eunus, Pseudocopaeodes 252 Eplhianura 158 Erythrotriorchis 33, 198 Eunymphicus 40 e^MM, Phycodorus 205 Erythrura 57 Euonyma 128 19,178,225,242 EQUIDAE escambia, Fusconaia 1 1 euops, Aratinga 40 equinus, Hippotragus 130 escambiensis, Procambarus 95 Euoticus 139 £?Ui« 19, 178, 225, 242 eschariferus, Bulimulus 126 eupator, Euploea 244 erasa, Brazieria 217 ESCHRICHTIIDAE 129,225 EUPELMIDAE 251 EreAi'a 171,253 Eschrichtius 129,225 Eupelmus 251 Erebonectes 92 esculentus. Echinus 169 Eupetaurus 22 erectus. Hippocampus 81 esculentus, Oreochromis 85 EUPHAEIDAE 238 Eremarionta 125, 174, 239 esperania, Papilio 105 Eupherusa 43 eremiana, Perameles 177 esperi, Fagotia 212 Euphilotes 252 Eremichthys 72 espiritosantensis, Tadarida 139 euphon, Euploea 104 eremita, Geronticus 31 «(or, Prognathochromis 184 Euphonia. Green-chinned 162 eremita, Nesocichla 159 Estrilda 57, 163 Euphonia 162 eremita, Osmoderma 99 ESTRILDIDAE 57, 163 euphralica. Allactaga 143 eremita, Partula 191 ethelae, Phylolestes 108 euphralicus, Rafetus 66 eremita, Sonorella 174 Etheostoma 83. 169, 184, 206, 247 Euphydryas 253 Eremitalpa 5 er/go, Mogera 8 Euplectes 164 eremitus, Leiocephalus 182 £«a 127 Eupleres 18 Eremomela, Turner's 50 euacanthus, Arctodiaptomus 9 Euploea 104. 170. 171. 237. 244 Eremomela 50 Euastacus 96 euploeomorpha, Tirumala 105 Eremophilus 204 Euathlus 169 Eupodotis 37. 150 £repra 125, 190 Eubalaena 18. 129. 225 Euproctus 68 ereptrix, Myrmica 101 euboicus, Barbus 71 Euproserpinus 105, 254 ERETHIZONTIDAE 28, 178 Eubucco 154 Eupsophus 67, 201 Eretmochelys 63 Eucerceris 251 Euptilotis 44 Ergaticus 163 Euchloe 253 Eurapteryx 179 ergatogyna, Leptothorax 100 Euchondrus 124 eurasius, Stenobothrodes 108 erica, Crocidura 6 Euchoreutes 23 eurhythmus, Ixobrychus 147 ericae, Tryonia 212 euchrysea, Tachycineta 157 Euro, Barrow Island 220 ericeticola, Lycosa 207 EUCNEMIDAE 249 europa tamuna, Lethe 253 Erikssonia 102 EUCONULIDAE 124. 190. 215. 245 europaeus, Mesoplodon 196 Erimystax 72 eucosma, Charitospiza 162 europaeus, Phyllodactylus 59 ERINACEIDAE 6, 136. 241 Eucrenonaspides 90 Euroscaptor 8 erinaceus, Clavicoccus 186 Eucyclogobius 87 Eurostopodus 43 erinaceus. Hippocampus 81 Eudiaptomus Iffl euroxestus, Tengchiena 215

289 1 1

euryale, Rhinolophus 10 exoptata, Mandarina 214 Fallicambarus 94 Eurycea 68 expansa, Auriculella 188 Falniowskia 173 Euryceros 157 expansa, Podocnemis 132 falsus, Ameletus 250 eurycerus eurycerus. Tragelaphus 230 expansilabris mattolensis, familiare, Apalopteron 54 eurycerus isaaci, Tragelaphus 230 Helminthoglypta 239 familiaris, Acrocephalus 49 eurycerus, Tragelaphus 141 expanstoma, Chamalychaeus 213 famulus, Mus 25 eurydice fumosa, Satyrodes253 expansus, Diplodon 1 1 Fan, Broad Sea 128 EURYLAIMIDAE 45 expatria, Boroda 87 Fan-shell, Western 110 Eurylaimus 45 exquisita, Melanotaenia 204 fanalensis, Lauria 127 Eurynorhynchus 37 exquisita, Omphalotropis 256 faniensis, Myrmica 101 eurynotus, Neoneniobius 133 exquisitus, Cotumicops 36 fanovanae, Newtonia 51 Eurypegasus 205, 236 e;ciw/, Bm/o 66 Fanshell 110 Euryphura 253 ejciu/, Dicrostonyx 197 Fantail, Cinnamon-tailed 160 euryprora, Hedylepta 186 ex?«/, Epinephelus 206 Fantaii, Dusky 160 eurystoma, Gambusia 80 ^a:.™/, Psittacula 181 Fantail, Kadavu 160 eurystomus, Satan 75 extensa, Menidia 78 Fantail, Long-tailed 160 Eurytides 105,253 extensus, Cottus 82 Fantail, Malaita 52 euryura, Rhipidura 160 extincta, Neduba 187 Fantail, Manus 52 Euscarthmus 47 extraneus, Cambarus 93 Fantail, Matthias 199 Euscheman 252 exulans, Diomedea 30 Fantail, Tawny-backed 160 Fantail, Eusthenia 209. 254 exulatus, Chilonopsis 191 White-bellied 160 EUSTHENIIDAE 209, 254 Eye, Higgin's 111 fardoulisi, Melonycteris 9 euterpe, Euproserpinus 254 ezoOT, Boninagrion 106 farleri, Lanistes 114 Euthalia 253 /aia, Partula 191 farquhari, Todirhamphus 44 eutheca, Hirasea 214 fabalis, Villosa 256 Fara/a 255 Eutrichomyias 50 faberi, Leptothorax 100 fasciata taeniata, Nerodia 246 Eutriorchis 33 Fabriciana 253 fasciata, Agrotis 1 86 fasciata, Galidictis 16 eutropia, Cephalorhynchus 195 fabula, Pegias 1 1 Euxanthe 253 facta, Micrarionta 125 fasciata, Neothraupis 162 euzyga, Semotrachia 122 fagani, Lepus 197 fasciatum, Tigrisoma 147 evandaleana, Cupedora 122 fagani, Prunella 158 fasciatus albipilis, Lagostrophus 220 Evarra 183 Fagotia 212 fasciatus fasciatus, Lagostrophus 220 evelynae, Carelia 189 fairbanksensis, Pyrgulopsis 211 fasciatus, Aphanius 205 Everes 252 fairbumi, Anagotus 248 fasciatus, Brachylophus 59 everetti, Aceros AA Fairy wren. Broad-billed 159 fasciatus, Cambarus 93 everetti, Dicaeum 161 Fairy wren, Campbell's 198 fasciatus, Lagostrophus 4 everetti, Ixos 157 Fairywren, Purple-crowned 159 fasciatus, Myrmecobius 3 everetti, Melogale 17 Falanouc 18 fasciatus, Sebastes 82 everetti, Monarcha 51 falcata, Ptilocichla 52 fascicularis, Macaca 140 everetti, Tumix 35 falcatus, Phyllops 137 fasciculispina, Rana 201 everetti, Urogale 8 falcatus, Tropodiaptomus 207 fasciinucha, Falco 33 everetti, Zoothera 161 falcipennis, Dendragapus 149 fascinans, Elimia 117 eversmanni amurensis, Mustela 224 falcirostris, Sporophila 55 fasciolatus, Circaetus 148 eversmanni, Columba 38 falcirostris, Xiphocolaptes 45 fasciolatus, Mixophyes 167 evezardi, Indoreonectes 203 FaZco 33, 34, 149, 179 fastigata, Lamprocystis 215 evoronensis, Microtus 25 Falcon, Grey 33 fasluosa, Tangara 55 evotis, Tonatia 137 Falcon, New Zealand 149 fastuosus, Epimachus 58 exanimus, Kimboraga 122 Falcon, Orange-breasted 149 Fatmucket, Arkansas 1 1 exaula, Margaronia 253 Falcon, Red-necked 149 Fatmucket, Waccamaw 172 excavatus, Somatogyrus 212 Falcon, Taita 33 fatrense, Deroceras 215 excella, Cryptochia 255 Falcon, White-rumped 149 faunulus, Pteropus 9 excellens, Campylopterus 153 falconeri falconeri, Capra 228 fausta, Actinella 174 excellens, Lovenula 92 falconeri heptneri, Capra 228 Fawnsfoot, Mexican 255 excelsa, Grallaria 155 falconeri megaceros, Capra 228 /eac, Pterodroma 30 excelsus, Sorex 193 falconeri, Capra 21 /eae, Turdus 53 Falconet, excisa, Gyrotoma 117 Pied 149 feaifeai, Muntiacus 227 Falconet, White-fronted exigua, Anomala 250 149 /eai rooseveltorum, Muntiacus 227 FALCONIDAE 33, 149, 179, 242 exigua, Jardinella 116 /eai, Muntiacus 197 FALCONIFORMES 32, 147, 179, 198, exigua, Partula 191 featherstoni, Phalacrocorax 31 242 federensis, Tropocyclops 92 exiVij, Arganiella 1 14 /a/fcti, Deinacrida 108 eximia, Anomala 250 fedtschenkoi, Pseudoscaphirhynchus 70 /aWai, Oligosoma 165 eximia, Bleda 48 Felexamia 251 fallax fallax, Chaetodipus 231 Eximiorhagada 214 feliceus, Rattus 26 fallax pallidus, Chaetodipus 231 eximius ssp., Cyprinodon 247 FELIDAE 16, 140, 195, 223, 241 /oHox, y4ZoM 202 eximius, Phylloscartes 156 felina, Lutra 17 fallax, Beddomeia 1 14 exocoeti, Ramphotyphlops 62 felipei, Mustela 17 fallax, Crunomys 23 exoleta, Dobsonia 136 Fc/u 195,223,241

290 ( 3 3 1 6 1 1

fellowsgordoni, Suncus 8 Finch, Gouldian 57 flavicapilla, Chloropipo 156 fellowsi. Melomys 25 Finch, Laysan 56 flavicauda masakii, Coeliccia 238 Finch. Felovia 27 Mangrove 54 flavicauda, Lagothrix 15 feltini, Microtus 144 Finch, Nihoa 56 flaviceps, Atlapetes 54 Finch, Peg-billed 162 femoralis, Cinnyricinclus 57 flaviceps, Callithrix 14 Finch, Slender-billed 55 femoralis, Presbytis 140 flaviceps, Rhodacanthis 181 Finch, St Lucia Black 162 fenderi, Rhyacophila 255 flavicollis, Macronyx 157 fenderi, Soliperla 254 Finch, Star 57 flavidulum, Pleurobema 1 1 Finch, Townsend's 182 Fennecus 195 flavifrons, Amblyomis 164 Finch, Yellow-billed Blue 163 Fenouilia 118 flavifuscus, Puntius 74 Finch, Yellow-green 55 feralis, Micrarionta 125 flavigula robinsoni. Manes 224 findleyi, Myotis 12 ferdebueni, Poblana 205 flavigula, Serinus 57 Finfoot, Masked 37 Feresa 195 flavigularis, Lepus 28 fmschi, Amazona 1 5 Ferminia 49 flavimaculata, Graptemys 64 finschii, Ducula 151 femandensis, Sephanoides 43 flavipennis, Chloropsis 48 Fire-eye, Fringe-backed 46 femandesi, Teinsoloma 209 flavipes, Ketupa 152 Fireback, Crested 35 femandezi, Lonchorhina 1 flavipes, Malimbus 57 Fireback, Crestless 35 femandinae, Colaples 44 flavipinnis, Glossgobius 87 Fireback, Siamese 35 femandinae. Nesoryzomys 178 flavipinnis, Noturus 75 Firecrown, Juan Fernandez 43 Fernwren 159 flavipinnis, Prognathochromis Firefinch, Mali 163 184 feroculus, Feroculus 7 flavipinnis, Stupidogobius 87 Firefly, Everglades Browing 249 Feroculus 7 Firefly, Florida Intertidal249 flaviprymna, Lonchura 163 /erox, Cryptoprocla 18 Firetail, Red-eared 163 flavipunctata, Litoria 66 ferraria, Leiostyla 127 Firethroat 159 flavirostris, Humblotia 50 ferreorostris, Chaunoproctus 182 firouzi, Allactaga 23 flavirostris, Paradoxomis 51 Ferreret 66 fischerae, Rhinophylla 137 flavirostris, Phibalura 156 Ferret, Black-footed 177 fischeri, Agapomis 151 flaviventris, Saccolaimus 136 Ferret-badger, Javan 224 fischeri. Crocidura 6 flavocoronatus, Chaetodon 84 Ferret-badger, Kinabalu 17 fischeri, Haplonycteris 9 flavomarginata, Cuora 64 Ferrissia 1 1 fischeri, Lepidostoma 254 flavomarginatus, Gopherus 65 ferrugineifrons, Bolborhynchus 40 fischeri, Somateria 32 flavovelata, Geothlypis 163 ferrugineus , Pleuronectes 88 fischeri, Tauraco 152 flavovirens, Chlorospingus 54 ferrugineus, Coccyzus 42 Fish, African Blind Barb 71 flavoviridis, Neomixis 159 ferrugineus, Deronectes 98 Fish, Orange Lake Cave 95 flavus, Agelaius 56 ferrugineus, Phaenomys 26 Fish-eagle, Grey-headed 148 flavus, Brachycercus 250 ferrugineus, Procambarus 95 Fish-eagle, Lesser 148 flavus, Speleomantes 68 ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus 129 Fish-eagle, Madagascar 33 flavus, Zosterops 161 przewalskii, Equus 225 ferus Fish-eagle, Sanford's 33 Flea, Water 90, 91 FERUSSACIIDAE 124,215 Fish-owl, Blakiston's42 fleayi, Mixophyes 67 /ifeer birulai. Castor 245 Fish-owl, Tawny 152 fleckeri, Euastacus 96 /ifccr. Castor 142 fisheri, Labeo 72 fleclocercus, Ixalodectes 109 fibratus, Placostylus 126 fisheri, Rana 182 Fletcherana 252 Fibulacamptus 96 Fishing-owl, Rufous 42 fletcheri, Lechriodus 167 Ficedula 50, 158 fiskii, Lamprophis 61 yZexa, Paramelita 90 ficedulinus, Zosterops 54 Fissi 86 flexicolumella, Hemisloma 116 ficulnea, Pupilla 175 Fissilicreagris 89 flexuosa, Dysnomia 187 fidelis minor, Monadenia 239 Fissuria 1 1 flexuosa, Epioblasma 110 fidelis pronotis, Monadenia 239 fitzpatricki, Procambarus 95 Flicker, Cuban 44 fieldi, Pseudomys 26 fitzroyana, Mesodontrachia 174 Floater, Brook 255 Fig-parrot, SaIvadori's41 flagellatus, Stygobromus 89 Floater, California 255 Figbird, Wetar 199 flagellum ruddocki, Masticophis 246 Floater, Green 172 fdfolensis filfolensis, Podarcis 246 Flagtail, Spotted 244 florensis, Corvus 58 filiceti, Philonesia 125 Flamingo, Andean 31 florensis, Spelaeomys 178 filicicola, Nesorestias 251 Flamingo, Lesser 147 florentina curtisi, Dysrwmia 255 filicum, Heteramphus 248 Flamingo, Puna 31 florentina curtisi, Epioblasma 238 filicum, Leiostyla 127 flammea, Hemitremia 202 florentina florentina, Dysnomia 255 ^/o5a, Partula 127 flammea, Littoraria 188 florentina walkeri, Dysnomia 255 filosa, Rhodacme 1 1 fiammea, Paroreomyza 181 florentina, Epioblasma 209 fimbriata, Phrynomedusa 201 Flatback 63 Florican, Bengal 37 fimbriatus, Artibeus 1 37 flava, Monardithemis 107 Florican, Lesser 37 fimbriatus, Eoglaucomys 142 flava, Tilapia 86 floriceps, Anthocephala 153 fimbriatus, Myotis 194 flavescens, Ariteus 1 florida, Oxyethira 254 finalis, Agathothoma 213 flavescens, Crocidura 6 floridalis, Anaea 253 Finch, Black-masked 54 flavescens, Eptesicus 194 floridana smalli, Neotoma 233 Finch, Canary-winged 162 flavescens, Varanus 243 floridana, Ceraclea 254 Finch, Coal-crested 162 flavicans, Foudia 57 floridana, Dexteria 91 Finch, Cocos 55 flavicans, Prioniturus 152 floridana, Micronaspis 249

291 1 8 8

floridana, Trigonopelastes 250 Flycatcher, Ochre-tailed 159 formanii, Leptoxis 1 1 floridanus, Podomys 26 Hycatcher, Orange-banded 156 Formica 100, 170 floridensis, Asaphomyia 250 Flycatcher, Pacific Royal 47 FORMICARIIDAE 45, 155, 198 Flycatcher, Palawan 50 floris, Treron 151 Formicarius 45 Pileated 156 flosculus, Loriculus 41 Flycatcher, FORMICIDAE 99, 170 Flycatcher, Rufous-throated 158 flosculus, Quintalia 190 Formicivora 45,46, 155 Flycatcher, Samoan 51 Flounder, Yellowtail 88 Formicoxenus 100 Flycatcher, 158 Flower-piercer, Chestnut-bellied 162 Sumba formosa, Amandava 57 Flycatcher, Sumba Brown 199 floweri, Crocidura 6 formosa. Anas 32 Hycatcher, Tawny-chested 156 floweri, Eptesicus 138 formosa, Cyprinella 71 Flycatcher, Ward's 160 floweri, Gerbillus 24 formosa, Leptoxis 118 FHying-fox, Ambon 136 Rowerpecker, Brown-backed 161 formosa, Nilssonia 66 Flying-fox, Chuuk 9 Flowerpecker, Cebu 53 formosa, Partula 191 Flying-fox, Comoro Black 9 Flowerpecker, Flame-crowned 161 formosa, Sitta 53 Flying-fox, Gilliard's 9 Flowerpecker, Scarlet-colIared53 formosae, Treron 151 Flying-fox, Greater Mascarene9 Flowerpecker, Visayan 53 formosanus, Oncorhynchus 77 Flying-fox, Lesser 9 Flowerpecker, Whiskered 53 formosus bartelsi, Myotis 245 Rying-fox, Little Golden-mantled9 Flowerpecker, White-throated 161 formosus, Garrulax 159 Flying-fox, Marianas 9 Flowerpiercer, Venezuelan 54 formosus, Neutrodiaptomus 207 Flying-fox, Mortlock Islands 9 Flufftail, Slender-billed 37 formosus, Otomops 13 Flying-fox, Okinawa 177 Flufftail, White-winged 37 formosus, Scleropages 70 Flying- fox. Pemba 10 fluminea, Melanatria 173 formosus, Spelaeornis 160 Flying-fox, Pohnpei 9 fluminensis, Myrmotherula 46 Forpus 40 Flying-fox, Rodrigues 9 Fluminicola 211 forresti, 143 Flying-fox, Ryukyu 9 Leggadina fluvialis, /o 118 Flying-fox, Samoa 9 forrest i, Ochotona 146 fluviatilis, Lampetra 167 Flying-fox, White 241 forresti, Sciurotamias 22 fluviatilis, Neogobius 206 Flying-squirrel, Small Japanese242 forstenii, Indotestudo 65 fluviatilis, Prinia 199 Hyrobin, Golden-bellied 159 forthensis, Beddomeia 114 fluviatilis, Sotalia 196 Fody, Mauritius 57 fortidens, Myotis 138 Craterocephalus 78 fluviatillis, Fody, Reunion 182 fortis, Coracirui 48 Fluviopupa 173 Fody, Rodrigues 57 fortis, Pacifastacus 93 Fly, Belkin's Dune Tabanid 99 Fody, Seychelles 57 fosbergi, Opanara 123 Fly, Brown Merycomyian Tabanid 250 foersteri, Henicophaps 151 fosbergi, Tubuaia 125 Fly, Delong's Flower 250 Foliage-gleaner, Alagoas45 Fossa 18 Fly, Horida Asaphomyian Tabanid 250 Foliage-gleaner, Chestnut-capped 155 fossa. Fossa 18 Fly, Hawaiian Dance 250 Foliage-gleaner, Henna-hooded 45 Fossa 18 Fly, Mary Alice's Small-headed 250 Foliage-gleaner, Rufous-necked45 fossilis, Misgumis 168 Fly, Nihoa Two-spotted Asterid250 Foliage-gleaner, Russet-mantled 155 Foudia 57, 182 Fly, Ross's Apatalestes Tabanid 250 Foliage-gleaner, White-browed 155 fourchensis, Plethodon 167 Fly, Sugarfoot Moth 99 foliifera. Culella 216 fowleri, Celestus 199 Fly, Texas Asaphomyian Tabanid 250 foliniana, Platyla 113 Fox, Bengal 195 Fly, Valley Mydas 250 folkertsi, Hydroporus 248 Fox, Blanford's 195 Fly, Volutine Stoneyian Tabanid 185 folliculata, Elliptio 172 Fox, Corsac 195 Fly, Wilber Springs Shore 250 Fonscochlea 116,173 Fox, Fennec 195 Flycatcher, Ashy-breasted 51 fontaineanus, Diplodon 110 Fox, Island Grey 129 Flycatcher, Atlantic Royal 47 fontanierii, Myospalax 25 Fox, Pale 195 Flycatcher, Belted 156 fontanus, Galaxias 76 Fox, Ruppell's 195 Flycatcher, Biak 159 Fox, Swift 129 Flycatcher, Black-and-rufous 158 fonticola, Etheostoma 83 foxi, Crocidura 6 Flycatcher, Black-banded 158 Fontigens 116,211 foxi, Cryptomys 145 Flycatcher, Black-billed 156 fontinalis, Cyprinodon 79 Dasymys 143 Flycatcher, Blue-breasted 158 fontinalis, Hygrotus 248 foxi, fraenata, Onychogalea 4 Flycatcher, Brown-breasted 159 foramcnus, Turgenitubulus 122 fragilion, Megalobulimus 126 Flycatcher, Chapin' s 5 foramineus, Rattus 144 fragilis stochi, Hadzia lYI Flycatcher, Cocos 47 forbesi, Amastra 1 88 Hycatcher, Cryptic 50 forbesi, Curaeus 56 fragilis, Omphalotropis 210 Flycatcher, Damar 50 forbesi, Nesopupa 216 fragilis, Samoana 127 Flycatcher, Dull-blue 158 fordi, Aphodius 250 fragosa, Quadrula 112 Flycatcher, Furtive 50 foreli, Strongylognalhus 102 francesae, Skiffla 184 Elaphoidella 96 Flycatcher, Grand Comoro 50 foremani, Pleurocera 1 1 franci, Flycatcher, Grey-breasted 47 Forest-Falcon, Buckley's 242 francica, Collocalia 153 Flycatcher, Guam 181 Forest-falcon, Plumbeous 34 francoisi, Trachypithecus 15 Flycatcher, Kashmir 50 Forest-partridge, Udzungwa35 Francolin, Djibouti 35 Flycatcher, Little Slaty 50 Forest-rail, Mayr's 198 Francolin, Grey-striped 34 Flycatcher, Lompobattang 50 Forest-rail, White-striped 198 Francolin, Harwood's 35 Flycatcher, Matinan 50 Forester, Scarce Red 253 Francolin, Mount Cameroon 34 Flycatcher, Nilgiri 158 Forkshell 187 Francolin, Nahan's 198 Flycatcher, Francolin, Nimba 51 formanii, Anculosa 1 88 Swamp 35

292 1 1

Francolin, Swierstra's 35 Frog. Hochstetter's 243 Fruit-dove, Atoll 151 FrancoUnus 34, 35, 198 Frog, Hogsback 167 Fruit-dove, Black-banded 151 franklandensis, Beddomeia 114 Frog, Hoist's 67 Fruit-dove, Blue-capped 151 franzi, Procambarus 95 Frog, Illinois Chorus 246 Fruit-dove, Carunculated 39 fraseri, Oreomanes 162 Frog, Ishikawa's 67 Fruit-dove, Cook Islands 151 frater, Myolis 138 Frog, Israel Painted 182 Fruit-dove, Cream-bellied 151 frater, Onychognathus 57 Frog, Italian Agile 167 Fruit-dove, Flame-breasted 39 Frog, fraterculus, Artibeus 1 Kohchang 201 Fruit-dove, Henderson 39 fraterculus, Melomys 144 Frog, Lake Junin 67 Fruit-dove, Makatea 39 fraterculus, Miniopterus 138 Frog, Lesueur's 243 Fruit-dove, Mariana 151 fratemum, Elliptio 110 Frog, Liem's 67 Fruit-dove, Negros 39 fratrorum, Bunomys 143 Frog, Long-toed Tree 66 Fruit-dove, Rapa 39 Frog, fredericae, Presbytis 194 Micro 67 Fruit-Dove, Red-moustached 180 Frog, Glorius Fregata 31 Mt Torrent 67 Fruit-dove, Red-naped 39 Frog, Namiye's 68 FREGATIDAE 31 Fruit-dove, Tanna 151 Frog, Nyakala 66 Fregitupus 182 Fruit-dove, White-headed 151 Frog, Otton 68 frenatum, Cycloderma 166 Fruiteater, Black-chested 156 Frog, Pearson's 66 Fruiteater, frenatus, Chaetops 158 Fiery-throated 156 Frog, Peppered Tree 66 Fruiteater, Scaled 156 frenatus, Lichenostomus 162 Frog, Pickersgill's Reed 66 Fruiteater, Scarlet-breasted 156 freycineti, Myiagra 181 Frog, Pine Barrens Tree 166 fuchsi, Belgrandiella 115 Friar, Comoro 104 Frog, Pleione's Torrent 67 fuchsi, Orcula 175 Friar, Madagascan 104 Frog, Relict Leopard 68 fucosa, Tangara 163 Friar, Mauritian 104 Frog, Seychelle Islands Tree 66 Friarbird, Brass's 199 fuerlesi, Hapalopsittaca 41 Frog, Seychelles 68 Friarbird, Dusky 199 fulgens, Achatinella 120 Frog, Sharp-nosed Torrent 67 Friarbird, Grey 199 fulgens, Ailurus 18 Frog, Smith's Wrinkled 201 Friarbird, Plain 162 fulgida, Meda 72 Frog, Somuncura 67 Frigatebird, Ascension 31 fulgidus, Psittrichas 41 Frog, Southern Barred 67 Frigatebird, Christmas Island 3 fulgurans, Perdicella 188 Frog, Southern Bell 66 frigatensis. Nysius 251 futgurata, Ampelita 1 20 Frog, Southern Gastric Breeding67 Fringilla 132 Fulica 36, 180 Frog, Spiny-breasted Giant201 fringillaris, Spizocorys 48 fuliginosa, Psalidoprocne 157 Frog, Spotted 56 FRINGILLIDAE 56, 132, 163, 182, 199 fuliginosus fuliginosus, Macropus 220 Frog, Stuttering 67 fringillinus, Parus 161 fuliginosus, Aegithalos 161 Frog. Table Mountain Ghost 66 Rutilus 203 fuliginosus, Hipposideros 136 frisii, Frog, Thomasset's Seychelles68 fuliginosus, Larus 38 frisoni, Ceratella 250 Frog, Tinkling 67 fuliginosus, Otus 42 Fritillary, Corsican 253 Frog, Torrent Tree 66 fuliginosus, Sminthopsis 193 Fritillary, False 170 Frog, Tusked 167 fullawayi, Hedylepta 186 Fritillary, Lesser False 170 Frog, Vegas Valley Leopard 182 Fritillary, Myrtle's 253 Frog, Water 243 fullerkati, Lampsilis 172 Fritillary, Regal 253 Frog, Western Spotted 167 fulminans, Tadarida 139 Fritillary, Scarce 208 Frog, Whistling Tree 235. 243 fultoni, Beddomeia 114 frivola, Kusaiea 215 Frog, White-bellied 67 fultoni, Pisidium 173 frobesi, Nesithmysus 248 Frog, Yellow-bellied 67 fulva, Heteropoma 210 Frog, Amoured 66 Frog, Yellow-spotted Tree 66, 243 fulva, Vemaya 27 Frog, Archey's 167 froggatti, Cinetodus 204 fulvescens, Acipenser 70 Frog, Baw-baw 67 Frogmouth, Bornean 198 fulvescens, Picumnus 45 Frog, Bleating Tree 243 Frogmouth, Dulit 198 Fulvetta, Gold-fronted 49 Frog, Cape Rain 67 Frogmouth, Javan 153 Fulvetta, Rufous-throated 158 Frog, Corroboree 67 Frogmouth, Large 198 Fulvetta, Spectacled 158 Frog, Desert Rain 67 Frogmouth, Short-tailed 198 Fulvetta, Yellow-throated 158 Frog, Doichang 201 Frogmouth, Sri Lanka 153 fulvicollis, Treron 151 Frog, Drakensberg 167 fromensis, Beddomeia 114 fulvicrus, Ectemnius 251 Frog, Eungella Torrent 67 frondicella, Pronesopupa 216 fulviventer goldmani, Sigmodon 233 Frog, European Tree 166 frontale, Cinclidium 158 fulviventer, Tylomys 145 Frog, Fijian 67 Ground frontalis, Anarhynchus 37 fulvorufula adamauae, Redunca 230 Frog, Fleay's 67 frontalis, Atelerix 241 fulvorufula chanleri, Redunca 230 Frog, Fletcher's 167 frontalis. Bos 20 fulvorufula fulvorufula, Redunca 230 Frog, Gardiner's Seychelles 68 frontalis, Pipreola 156 fulvorufula, Redunca 131 Frog, Gastric Brooding 67 frontalis, Sporophila 55 fulvus albifrons, Eulemur 241 Frog, Golden Coqui 201 frontalis, Stenella 196 fulvus albocollaris, Eulemur 220 Frog, Golden Dwarf Reed 243 frontata, Presbytis 194 fulvus collaris, Eulemur 220 Frog, Goliath 67 fronto, Kunsia 24 fulvus fulvus, Eulemur 1A\ Frog, Great Barred 167 frosti, Neopteryx 9 fulvus mayottensis, Eulemur 245 Frog, Green and Golden Bell 166 frosti, Philoria 67 fulvus rufus, Eulemur 241 Frog, Green-thighed 166 Serica 250 fulvus sanfordi, Eulemur 220 Frog, Hamilton's 66 frosti, frugivorus, Calyptophilus 54 fumeus, Pseudomys 26 Frog, Hewitt's Ghost 66

293 1 1 7 5

fumosa, Crocidura 6 fuscorufus, Myiotheretes 156 GALBULIDAE 44 fumosus, Heimyscus 242 fuscozonata, Aaadonta 214 galeata, Ducula 39 fumosus, Pappogeomys 142 fuscus insubricus, Pelobates 235 galeata, Lemniscia 215 fundalus, Pteropus 9 fuscus, Ancharius 203 galeatus, Basilomis 164 Fundulus 80, 183,243 fuscus, Eleutherodactylus 67 galeatus, Dryocopus 45 funebris, Todirhamphus 154 fuscus, Galaxias 76 galeboides, Thermodiaptomus 92 funerea, Drepanis 181 fuscus. Hippocampus 81 Galemys 8 funerea, Rhinoclemmys 166 fuscus, Lamprophis 165 galericulata, Aix 147 funereus, Morimus 98 fuscus, Lasiopodomys 143 galeritus "sanjei", Cercocebus 222 funicula, Gonospira 245 fuscus, Liolaemus 199 galeritus chrysogaster, Cercocebus 111 funiculalum, Teinsotoma 209 fuscus, Miniopterus 12 galeritus galeritus, Cercocebus 111 Funisciurus 22. 142 fuscus, Moschus 141 galeritus, Cercocebus 140 funium, Torresitrachia 174 fuscus, Neohydromys 25 Galidictis 16, 17 furax, Emballonura 10 fuscus, Notomys 25 galilaea, Pene 124 furcatus, Hemitriccus 47 fusea, Partula 191 galileus "Ejagham ", Sarotherodon 236 furcalus, Pseudomugil 243 fusiformis, Elimia 1 1 gallagheri, Chaerephon 13 furcifer electromontis, Phaner 220 fusoidea, Partulina 213 gallardoi, Podiceps 146 furcifer fiircifer, Phaner 220 gabbi, Micrarionta 215 gallarum, Galago 139 furcifer pallescens, Phaner 220 gabbii, Bassaricyon 140 Gallicolumba 39, 151 furcifer parienti, Phaner 220 gabela, Prionops 49 GALLIFORMES 34, 149, 180, 198 furcifer, Phaner 139 gabela, Sheppardia 52 Gallinago 37, 150 Furcifer 59 gabriellae, Hylobates 194 Gallinula 36 Gallirallus 36, furculus, Triaenops 1 GADIDAE 77 149, 180 Furina 62 GADIFORMES 77 Galliwasp, Jamaica Giant 182 furiosus, Noturus 203 Gadus 77 Galliwasp, Monsterrat 59 FURIPTERIDAE 11 Gag 83 galloi, Polyommatus 103 FURNARIIDAE 45, 155 gaigeae, Paratelmatobius 243 Gallotia 60 fumess, Silurus 203 gaigeae, Trachemys 64 Ga//uj 149 furnessi, Pentalagus 29 gaigei, Gambusia 80 galusdae, Cheirodon 203 furva, Leptaxis 125 gaimardi cuniculus, Bettongia 219 Gambelia 60 furva, Mogurnda 87 gaimardi gainujrdi, Bettongia 219 gambianus, Mungos 195 furvum, Pleurobema 1 1 gaimardi, Bettongia 135 gambieri, Todirhamphus 44 furvus, Patawanomys 25 gaimardi, Phalacrocorax 147 Gambusia, Amistad 184 ^Mica clamitans, Alouatta 221 Galago, Allen's 139 Gambusia, Big Bend 80 fusca fusca, Alouatta 221 Galago, Amani Dwarf 194 Gambusia, Clear Creek 80 fusca, Alouatta 14 Galago, Grant's Dwarf 194 Gambusia, Pecos 80 Galago, Lesser Needle-clawed 139 Gambusia, San Marcos 184 /ujca, Aplonis 1 82 fusca, Himeroconcha 214 Galago, Matundu Dwarf 194 Gambusia 80, 168, 184, 205 fusca, Leiostyla 245 Galago, Rondo Dwarf 194 gamelia, Euploea 170 fusca, Murina 194 Galago, Small-eared Greater 139 GAMMARIDAE 90, 185 fusca, Phoebetria 146 Galago, Somali 139 Gammarus 90, 185 Galago, Thomas's Dwarf 241 fuscata yakui, Macaca 245 gammoni, Stenelmis 99 Galago, Western Needle-clawed 139 loomisi, Panchala 151 fuscata, Macaca 15 ganesa Galago, Zanzibar 139 gangetica, Platanista 19 fuscata, Newnhamia 98 Galago 139 Gavialis fuscata, Padda 163 gangeticus, 58 Galagoides 194, 241 Glyphis fuscatus, Marmosops 135 gangeticus, 69 GALAGONIDAE 139, 194, 241 146 fuscicapillus, Corvus 164 Gannet, Cape galapagoensis, Arctocephalus 17 Belgrandiella 115 fuscicapillus, Philemon 199 ganslmayri, galapagoensis, Buteo 33 ganteri, Palaemonias 93 fusciceps fusciceps, Ateles 221 galapagoensis, Oryzomys 25 gaoligongensis, 197 fusciceps robustus, Ateles 221 Ochotona galapagosensis, Ogilbia 204 solus, Clethrionomys 232 fusciceps, Ateles 14 gapperi Galaxias, Barred 76 104 fuscicollis crandalli, Saguinus 221 garamantis, Parantica Galaxias, Cape 168 Garda, Carpione del 77 fuscicollis cruzlimai, Saguinus 221 Galaxias, Chathams 76 gardineri, Sooglossus 68 fuscicollis leucogenys, Saguinus 241 Galaxias, Clarence 76 Garfish, Allen's River 205 fuscidula, Leiostyla 216 Galaxias, Dwarf 77 Garfish, Robert's River 243 fuscigularis, Apalis 49 Galaxias, Flat-Headed 76 garlcppi, Papilio 208 fuscipennis, Dicrurus 57 Galaxias, Redder 76 garleppi, Poospiza 55 fuscipes annectens, Neotoma 233 Galaxias, Saddled 77 garmani, Characodon 184 fuscipes luciana, Neotoma 233 Galaxias, Swamp 204 gamettii, Otolemur 139 fuscipes riparia, 233 Neotoma Galaxias, Swan 76 gamieri, Bythiospeum 1 1 fuscipes, Neotoma 25 Galaxias 16,11. 168,204 gamotii, Pelecanoides 30 fuscobasis, Achatinella 120 Galaxiella 11. 168 Garra, Philipps' 202 Fusconaia 111, 172 GALAXIIDAE 76, 168, 204 Garra 72, 202 fuscoolivaceus, Atlapetes 162 galbanus, Garrulax 159 garretti, Partula 191 fuscopalliata, Brachythemis 107 galbinifrons, Cuora 165 garridoi, Mysateles 28 fuscorufa, Rhipidura 160 Galbula 44 Garrulax 50, 159, 198 fuscorufa, Synallaxis 155

294 8 1 1 1

garrulus, Lorius 41 Gecko, Muller's Velvet 165 GEOMITRIDAE 124, 133, 174,215,245, Garrulus 58 Gecko, Namaqua Day 165 256 gaskelli, Hesperoptenus 12 Gecko, Paraguanan Ground 59 GEOMYIDAE 22, 142, 231, 242 gasparoi, Metacyclops 92 Gecko, Peringueyi's Leaf-toed 199 Geomys 22,231 GASTEROSTEIDAE 81,247 Gecko, Rodrigues Day 182 Geonemertes 217 GASTEROSTEIFORMES 81, 205, 236, Gecko, Rough 243 Geophaps 151 247 Gecko, Round Island Day 59 Geopsittacus 41 Gasterosteus 247 Gecko, Scarce Ground 199 georgei, Gambusia 184 Gaslrocopta 127. 191 Gecko, Serpent Island 59 georgiae, Cambarus 93 GASTROPODA 112, 133, 173, Gecko, Small-scaled Leaf-toed 187,209, 165 georgiana, Beloneuria 254 238, 244, 256 Gecko, Standing's Day 59 georgiana, Occirhenea \T1 gasulli, Helicella 174 Gecko, Stephen's Island 59 georgianum, Pleurobema 1 1 gatliffi, Pernagera 123 geei, Trachypithecus 194 Georissa 112,209 gaudichaudii, Littoridina 188 geelvinkiana, Micropsitta 152 Geothlypis 55, 56, 163 Gaur 20 geertsi, Caecobarbus 71 GEOTRUPIDAE 249 Gaurochromis 85, 184 gejiuensis, Triplophysa 75 Geotrygon 39, 151 gautama, Tirumala 244 Gekko, European Leaf-toed 59 Gerbillus 242 GAVIALIDAE 58 GEKKONIDAE 59, 165, 182, 199,243 Gerbillus 24, 143, 242 Gavialis 58 gelada, Theropithecus 140 Gerenuk 131 gazella acaciae, Gazella 228 GELECHIIDAE 252 gerhardti, Elimia 212 gazella beisa, Oryx 229 gellda, Macrhybopsis 72 gerhildae, Afrithelphusa 95 gazella callotis, Oryx 229 gemina gafuri, Lethe 253 germaini, Polyplectron 35 gazella cora, Gazella 228 gemina, Ischnura 106 Geronticus 31 gazella farasani. Gazella 228 geminatus, Hylogomphus 171 Gerrhonotus 59 gazella gazella, Gazella 228 Gemlnoropa 123 Gerrhosaurus 165 gazella gazella. 229 gemma, Hemistoma 173 Oryx Gerygone, Biak 50 gazella muscatensis, Gazella 228 gemma, Marginella 213 Gerygone, Lord Howe 181 Gemsbok 131,229 gazella, Gazella 130 Gerygone, Norfolk Island 50 gazella. 131 genei, Chondrostoma 167 Oryx Gerygone 50, 159, 181 Gazella 21, 130, 141, 178, 228 genei, Drymophila 155 geyeri, Bythiospeum 1 15 Gazelle, genei, Speleomantes 167 Acacia 228 geyerii. Vertigo 133 Gazelle, Arabian 178 genesii. Vertigo 133 Gharial 58 Gazelle, Arabian Mountain 228 Genet, Abyssinian 195 Gharial, False 199 Gazelle, Arabian Genet, Crested 18 Sand 228 gharlapsi, Trochoidea 126 Gazelle, Cuvier's Genet, Ibiza 224 21 ghetaldi, Paraphoxinus 73 Gazelle, Dama 21 Genet, Johnston's 195 ghigii, Ladigesocypris 72 Gazelle, Dorcas 141 genetta isabelae, Genetta 224 Ghizani 72 Gazelle, Farasan 228 Genetta 18, 195,224 Giant-petrel, Northern 146 Gazelle, Goitred 141 geniculata, Boeckella 91 Gibachi 247 Gazelle, Grant's 130 geniculata, Llthasia 1 1 gibba, Beddomeia 114 Gazelle, Heuglin's 228 Genophantis 186 gibba, Leiostyla 127 Gazelle, Mongalla 228 genovensium, Platalina 1 gibba. Partula 1 27 Gazelle, Mongolian 141 genowaysi, Rhogeessa 139 gibbensis, Rhagada 122 Gazelle, Mountain 130 Geocapromys 28, 178, 179 Gibberula 213 Gazelle, Muscat 228 Geochelone 65, 234, 235 gibberulus Digerus, Tomigenus 239 Gazelle, Palestine Mountain 228 Geoclemys 165 gibberum, Pleurobema 1 1 Gazelle, Pelzeln's 228 Geocolaptes 154 Gibbibarbus 72 Gazelle, Przewalski's 21 Geocrinia 67 Gibbon, Black 16 Gazelle, Queen of Sheba's 21 Geoemyda 64, 200 Gibbon, Buff-cheeked 194 Gazelle, Red 178 geoffrensis, Inia 19 Gibbon, Hoolock 194 Gazelle, Red-fronted 21 geoffroii, Dasyurus 3 Gibbon, Mentawai 16 Gazelle, Saudi 178 geoffroyi azuerensis, Ateles 221 Gibbon, Pileated 16 Gazelle, Slender-horned 21 geoffroyi frontatus, Ateles 221 Gibbon, Silvery 16 Gazelle, Soemmerring's 21 geoffroyi grisescens, Ateles 221 gibboni, Diplommatina 210 Gazelle, Speke's 21 geoffroyi ornatus, Ateles 221 gibbonsi, Graptemys 166 Gazelle, Thomson's 130 geoffroyi pan, Ateles 221 gibbosa, Pyganodon 172 Gazelle, Tibetan 141 geoffroyi panamensis, Ateles 221 gibbosus, Breviceps 67 geata, Myosorex 7 geoffroyi yucatanensis, Ateles 221 gibbus, Procambarus 95 geayi, Bedotia 204 geoffroyi, Ateles 241 Gibbus 191 GECARCINUCIDAE 95 geoffroyi, Callithrix 14 giffardi, Ectemnius 251 Gecko, Black-eyed 165 Geogale 1A\ giffordi, Nesotocus 248 Gecko, Duvaucel's 243 244 Gigante, Cachorrito 79 Gecko, Gold-striped 243 Geomalacus Geomalia 159 gigantea, Edwardsina 99 Gecko, Harlequin 165 Geomalia 159 gigantea, Geochelone 65 Gecko, Hawequa Flat 165 gigantea, Grallaria 46 Gecko, Kuroiwa's Ground 59 geometricus, Psammobates 65 gigantea, Pseudibis Gecko, Methuen's Dwarf 59 GEOMETRIDAE 186,252 31 Gecko, Monito 59 Geomitra 124 giganteus tasmaniensis, Macropus 220

295 1 3

giganteus, Cordylus 59 glaucus, Anodorhynchus 1 80 Goby, Kessler's 206 giganleus, Spalax 27 glaucus, Pseudomys 26 Goby, Kutubu 247 giganlula, Palaemnema 108 glauerti, Bolhriembryon 121 Goby, Lipstick 207 247 gigas, Arapaima 202 g/en(, Chalinolobus 137 Goby, Mountain Goby, Mulgrave 247 gigas, Branchinecta 244 Glider, Battling 253 Goby, Naked 169 gigas, Grammomys 24 Glider, Mahogany 5 Goby, Ramu 247 gigas, Hydrochrous 153 Glider, Northern 5 Goby, Red-spotted 247 gigas, Hydrodamalis 178 Glider, Squirrel 135 Glider, Yellow-bellied 135, 220 Goby, Red-tailed 207 gigas, Macroderma 10 Goby, Redneck 207 gigas, Pangasianodon 76 gliroides, Dromiciops 3 Goby, Robert's 247 gigas, Phelsuma 182 Glironia 3 Goby, Sarasin's 87 gigas, Podilymbus 179 Glirulus 28 Goby, Sentani 247 gigas, Stereolepis 82 g/i's, Myoxus 145 Goby, Sibayi 169 gigas, Tachypleus 209 Glischropus 138 Goby, Sleepy 169 gigas, Thamnophis 61 Globicephala 129,242 Goby, Tidewater 87 Tridacna 112 globiceps, Galaxias 204 gigas, Goby, Tiger 206 G;7a 72, 167, 183,246 Globonautes 95 Goby, Tropical Sand 169 globosa, 119 gi'/ae, Oncorhynchus 77 Hirthia godeffroyi, Monarcha 159 g(7ae, Pyrgulopsis 21 globosus, Coelus 99 godeffroyi, Todirhamphus 44 giVae, Tryonia 212 globulosa, Crax 34 godefrida, Claravis 38 gilberti, Kupeornis 51 gtoriosissima, Diglossa 162 godetiana. Helix 174 gilberli, Noturus 75 glossema, Carelia 189 godini, Eriocnemis 43 gilberti, Pingalla 244 Glossgobius 87 godmani, Antechinus 135 gilberti, Prognathochromis 184 Glossogobius 87, 169, 206, 247 godmani, Choeroniscus 137 gilbertii, Potorous 4 Glossolepis 78, 204, 243 Godwit, Hudsonian 150 Glossophaga 137 gi'//;', Austroglanis 76 goedeni, Lepidostoma 254 254 giV/i, Xenopus 67 GLOSSOSOMATIDAE goeldi, Radioconus 123 Glossy-starling, Copper-tailed 164 gilliardi, Pteropus 9 goeldii, Callimico 14 gloveralleni, Procyon 178 gilliesi, Amanipodagrion 107 goeringi, Hemispingus 55 gloveri, Chlamydogobius 87 gilliesi, Paryphanla 216 goerneri, Knipowitschia 206 gloveri, Craterocephalus 78 gillissi, Percilia 206 goesswaldi, Doronomyrmex 100 gloveri, gilpini, Fallicambariis 94 Lagocephalus 207 Goethalsia 153 giluwensis, Rattus 144 glutinosa, Myxas 209 goffini, Cacatua 152 glyceia, Hcmicycla 256 gilviventris, Xenicus 1 57 goisagi, Gorsachius 31 gingica, Arborophila 34 Glyphis 69 golandi, Ploceus 57 ginkgodens, Mesoplodon 196 glyphistoma, Ocadia 200 golasi, Hygromia 126 Giraj^a 130 Glyphopsyche 255 goldmani, Geotrygon 151 Giraffe 130 Glyphyalinia 217 goldmani, Heteromys 142 GIRAFHDAE 130 Glyptophysa 1 1 Goldstreifiger 98 giramica, Actinella 174 Ghptorhagada 122, 173. 239 golgus, Polyommatus 103 Girardinichthys 80 GNAPHOSIDAE 207 goliath, Conraua 67 Gnatcatcher, Creamy-bellied 160 giraudi, Anceya 1 19 goliath, Ducula 39 giraudi, Bridouxiana 119 Gnatcatcher, Cuban 160 GOMPHIDAE 107, 171,238,244 Gittenbergeri 245 Gnateater, Hooded 155 Gomphurus 107, 171 giulianii, Dubiraphia 249 gnou, Connochaetes 130 Goat, Chiltan 228 Gomphus 107, 171 giulianii, Pseudocotalpa 99 Goat, Cretan 228 Gonaxis 216 glabratum, Heteropoma 210 Goat, Wild 21 gongshanensis, Muntiacus 197 glabricollis, Cephalopterus 46 GOBIIDAE 87, 132, 169, 206, 247 Gongylomorphus 246 glabrirostris, Melanoptila 158 Gofoio 72, 202 Gonidomus 128, 191 glacialis , Eubalaena 225 Gobiomorphus 87 goniobasis, Hirasea 214 glacialis, Eubalaena 18 Goi)i«5 206 Goniosaurus 59 Glacicavicola 99 Goby, Arno 87 Gonocephalus 199 GLACIDORBIDAE 113,209 Goby, Bighead 247 Gonolek, Papyrus 157 Glacidorbis 113,209 Goby, Bigmouth 169 Gonospira 128, 175, 191, 245 gladiator, Malaconotus 48 Goby, Blackthroat 169 gonyostomus, Gonyostomus 128 giadius , Xiphias 236 Goby, Bluntsnout 247 Gonyostomus 128 gladius , Xiphias 207 Goby, Canestrini's 206 gonzalesi, Chrotomys 23 giadius, Psephurus 70 Goby, Checked 169 Goodea 80 gtandulosa, Pyrgulopsis 211 Goby, Dalhousie 87 Goodeid 184 Glareola 150 Goby, Dwarf Pygmy 87 Goodeid, Opal 80 GLAREOLIDAE 37, 150 Goby, Edgbaston 87 Goodeid, Rainbow 80 Glaresis 250 Goby, Elizabeth Springs 87 Goodeid, Striped 80 glassi, Crocidura 6 Goby, Fly River 247 GOODEIDAE 80, 184, 247 Claucidium 152 42, Goby, Hoese's 206 Goodeido, Solo 80 glaucogularis, Ara 40 Goby, Irian 247 goodfellowi, Dendrolagus 4 Glaucomys 230, 245 Goby, Kei 169 goodfellowi, Rhinomyias 52 Glaucopsyche 186,252

296 2

Goose, Lesser White-fronted 32 goudoli. Myotis 138 grarulis, Bradypterus 198 Goose, Orinoco 147 goudotii, Eupleres 18 grandis, Crocidura 6 Goose, Red-breasted 32 goughensis, Rowettia 55 grandis, Epomophorus 8 Goose, Ruddy-headed 147 gouldi globulosa, Gulella 239 grandis, Heosemys 166 Goose, Swan 32 gouldi, Astacopsis 95 grandis, Lavigera 119 Gopher, Carrizo Springs Pocket231 gouldiae, Chloebia 57 grandis. Liocypris 185 Gopher, Cathlamet Pocket 231 gouldii, Mesembriomys 144 grandis, Megalobulimus 126 Gopher, Cumberland Island Picket231 gouldii, Pseudomys 178 grandis, Neorapana 213 Gopher, Goff s Southeastern Pocket231 goundae, Mus 25 grandis, Peromyscus 144 Gopher, Maritime Pocket 231 Goura 39 grandis, Rhabdomis 161 Gopher, Michoacan Pocket 23 gowerensis, Monterissa 1 1 grandis, Thapsia 215 Gopher, Olympia Pocket 231 gowersi, Prognathochromis 184 grandisonae, Atelognathus 66 Gopher, Puget Sound Pocket 231 goyderi, Amytornis 242 grandituberculatum, Gopher, Rocky Prairie Pocket 231 Granulomelon 173 graceus, Barbus 202 granti, Batomys Gopher, Roy Prairie Pocket 231 242 gracilicorpus, Oligosoma 200 granti, Eremitalpa Gopher, Sherman's Pocket 231 5 Gracilinanus 3, 135, 193 Gopher, Southern Pocket 242 granti, Galagoides 194 gracilior, Fibulacamptus 96 Gopher, Tacoma Pocket 231 granti, Gazella 130 gracilipes, Crocidura 6 Gopher, Vancouver Pocket 231 granti, Ptyochromis 86 gracilipes, Idiodiaptomus Gopher, Yelm Prairie Pocket 231 207 Grantiella 54 gopheri, Copris 250 gracilirostris, Apomys 23 granulalus, Amychus 249 gracilirostris, Chloropela Gopherus 65, 243 50 granulatus, Engaeus 95 goral bedfordi, Naemorhedus 229 gracilirostris, Vireo 56 granulifrons, Ptilinopus 39 gracilis, Austromenidia goral goral, Naemorhedus 229 204 granulimanus, Astacoides 208 Goral, Amur 229 gracilis, Coelus 99 Granulina 213 Goral, Brown Himalayan 229 gracilis, Cryptotis 7 Granulomelon 173 Goral, Evans' Long-tailed 229 gracilis, Fluviopupa 173 Craphium, Meek's 105 Goral, Himalayan 141 gracilis, Galaxias 76 Graphium 105, 171, 208, 253 Goral, Long-tailed 21, 229 gracilis, Coodea 80 Graphiurus 28 goral, Naemorhedus 141 gracilis, Heterophasia 159 Grapholitha 254 Goral, Red 21,229 gracilis, Melanotaenia 168 Graptemys 64, 165, 166 Goral, South China 229 gracilis, Microgale 5 Graptodytes 98 Goral, Tibetan Red 229 gracilis, Oceanites 197 graslini, Gomphus 107 Goral, Western Himalayan 229 gracilis, Omphalotropis 210 Grass-finch, Grey-cheeked 162 gordiagini, Myrmecoxenus 101 gracilis, Petaurus 5 Crass-tyrant, Sharp-tailed 156 gordoni, Fallicambarus 94 gracilis, Rhogeessa 1 39 Grass-warbler, Bristled 50 gordoni, Xiphophorus 80 gracilis, Streptocephalus 91 Grassbird, Broad-tailed 160 gorganensis, Batrachuperus 68 gracilis, Symolopsis 119 Grassbird, Buff-banded 158 gorgasi, Oryzomys 25 gracilis, Troglohyphantes 88 Grassbird, Fly River 51 GORGONACEA 128 GRACILLARIIDAE 252 Grassbird, Marsh 51 gorgonae, Proechimys 146 Crackle, Mountain 163 grassei, Crocidura 241 gorgone, Erebia 253 Crackle, Nicaraguan 163 grassei, Plagiolepis 101 goridaghini, Epimyrma 100 Crackle, Red-bellied 56 Grasshopper, Central Valley 187 Gorilla 16 Crackle, Slender-billed 182 Grasshopper, Desert Monkey 108 GRADUNGULIDAE 207 Grasshopper, Idaho Point-headed 108 gorilla , Gorilla 223

Grasshopper, Lompoc 1 08 gorilla beringei. Gorilla 223 gradyi, Stygobromus 89 Grasshopper, Michigan Bog 108 gorilla gorilla. Gorilla 223 graeca graeca, Testudo 246 Grasshopper, Pinaleno Monkey 108 gorilla graueri, Gorilla 223 graeca nikolskii. Testudo 235 Grasshopper, Santa Monica Mountains gorilla. Gorilla 16 graeca, Testudo 65 108 Gorilla, Grauer's 223 graecus, Scardinius 74 Grasshopper, Sierra Pygmy 109 Gorilla, Mountain 223 graecus, Spalax 27 Grasshopper, Siskiyou ChloealtislOS Gorilla, Nigerian 223 Graellsia 208 Grasshopper, Spanistic Desert 133 Gorilla, Western Lowland 223 graellsianus, Allognathus 174 Grasshopper, Torreya Pygmy 109 Gorilla 16,223 grahamensis, Sonorella 174 Grasshopper, Zyantc Band-winged 108 gormonti, Renea 113 grahami, Etheostoma 83 Crasswren, Black 158 Gorsachius Grallaria 46, 155 31 Crasswren, Carpenlarian 49 Grallaricula 46, 155 gorzugi, Pseudemys 166 Crasswren, Eyrean 242 gramineus, Tanygnathus 41 Goshawk, Chestnut-shouldered 198 Crasswren, Grey 158 grammiceps, Stachyris 52 Goshawk, Doria's 148 Crasswren, Thick-billed 49 Goshawk, Grey-bellied 148 Grammomys 24, 143 Crasswren, White-throated 158 Trichia 215 Goshawk, Henst's 147 gramnicola, graiulabunda, Iglica 211

Goshawk, 1 New Britain 148 grampianensis, Angrobia 14 graueri, Bradypterus 50 Goshawk, Red 33 Grampus 195 graueri, Coracina 157 gossypinus allapaticola, Peromyscus grande, Oligosoma 60 graueri, Lanistes 210 233 grandidieri, Cleopatra 173 graueri, Paracrocidura 1 gossypinus restrictus, Peromyscus 233 grandidieri, Galidictis 17 graueri, Pseudocalyptomena 45 gothei, Brachygalaxias 204 89 grandimanus, Crangonyx gravenhorsti, Liolaemus 199 gotscheensis, Calconiscellus 97 grandimanus, Pseudoniphargus 90

297 2

gravipes, Dipodomys 23 griseocapilla, Phyllomyias 156 GRUIFORMES 35, 131, 149, 180, 198, gravis, Eurapteryx 179 griseostriatus, Francolinus 34 242 gravis, Quemisia 179 griseoventer ssp., Sminthopsis 219 grunniens. Bos 20 grayi. Crocidura 6 griseovirescens, Zosterops 54 Grunt, Brownstriped 84 grayi, Malurus 159 grisescens, Myotis 12 Grunter, Adamson's 83 Grunter, grayi, Mesopiodon 196 griseus alaotrensis, Hapalemur 220 Angalarri 247 Grunter, grayi, Zosterops 161 griseus caspius, Varanus 246 Drysdale 169 Grayling, Australian 76 griseus griseus, Hapalemur 241 Grunter, Fortesque 168 Grayling, New Zealand 183 griseus occidentalis, Hapalemur 220 Grunter, Gilberts 244 Grunter, Greenway's graysoni, Mimodes 49 griseus, Dusicyon 241 206 Grunter, Kimberley 169 graysoni, Sylvilagus 29 griseus. Grampus 195 Grunter, Large-scale 169 graysoni, Turdus 161 griseus, Hexanchus 69 Grunter, Leathery 206 graysoni, Zenaida 180 griseus, Ocyceros 154 Grunter, Long-nose Sooty 168 Graziana 116,244 grobbeni, Gerbillus 24 Grunter, Midgley's 169 Grebe, Alaotra 29 Gronocarus 250 Grunter, Small-Headed 206 Grebe, Atitlan 179 gronovii, Scelotes 165 Grunter, Striped 206 Grebe, Colombian 179 Grosbeak, Bonin 182 Grunter, Threespot 206 Grebe, Hooded 146 Grosbeak, Kona 181 Grunter, Yamur Lake 83 Grebe, Juni'n 29 Grosbeak, Sao Tome 56 Grus 36, 131, 149 Grebe, Madagascar 29 grosesmithi, Papilio 171 GRYLLIDAE 108, 133, 187 Green, Mottled 253 grossa, Gulella 216 Grylloblatta 99 Green-blossom 255 grossum, Cristilabrum 121 GRYLLOBLATTARIA 99 Green-pigeon, Cinnamon-headedl51 grosvenori, Megalurulus 198 Grylloblattid, Mount St. Helens' 99 Green-pigeon, Flores 151 Ground-cuckoo, Banded 42 GRYLLOBLATTIDAE 99 Green-pigeon, Large 151 Ground-cuckoo, Coral-billed 152 Gryllotalpa 209 Green-pigeon, Pemba 151 Ground-cuckoo, Scaled 152 GRYLLOTALPIDAE 209 Green-pigeon, Sumatran 151 Ground-cuckoo, Sunda 42 gryneus sweadneri, Mitoura 252 Green-pigeon, Sumba 151 Ground-dove, Blue-eyed 38

grypus , Halichoerus 224 Green-pigeon, Timor 39 Ground-dove, Carohne Islands 39 grypus, Aaptosyax 202 Green-pigeon, Whistling 151 Ground-dove, Marquesan 39 Grysbok, Cape 131 Green-pigeon, White-bellied 151 Ground-dove, Palau 151 Grysbok, Sharpe's 131 Green-pigeon, Yellow-vented 151 Ground-dove, Polynesian 39 guacamaia, Scarus 87 Greenbul, Appert's 48 Ground-dove, Purple-winged 38 guadaloupensis, Eptesicus 12 Greenbul, Baumann's 157 Ground-dove, Santa Cruz 39 157 guadeloupensis, Amphicyclotulus 188 Greenbul, Cameroon Ground-dove, Shy 151 Greenbul, Dusky 48 Ground-dove, Thick-billed 39 guadeloupensis, Oleacina 190 Greenbul, Grey-crowned 48 Ground-dove, Wetar 39 guamensis, Omphalotropis 210 Greenbul, Grey-headed 157 Ground-dove, White-throated 151 guamensis, Partula 127 Greenbul, Liberian 48 Ground-jay, Xinjiang 58 guamensis, Succinea 217 Greenbul, Prigogine's 48 Ground-pigeon, Thick-billed 151 Guan, Baud^4 34 Greenbul, Sassi's 157 Ground-roller, Long-tailed 44 Guan, Bearded 34 Greenbul, Yellow-throated 01ive48 Ground-roller, Pitta-like 154 Guan, Black 149 greenei. Coitus 82 Ground-roller, Rufous-headed 44 Guan, Cauca 34 greenfieldorum, Sanopus 78 Ground-roller, Scaly 44 Guan, Chestnut-bellied 34 Greenfinch, Vietnam 163 Ground-roller, Short-legged 44 Guan, Horned 34 greenii, Ptychobranchus 1 1 Ground-thrush, Crossley's 161 Guan, Wattled 149 Greenshank, Nordmann's 38 Ground-thrush, Forest 161 Guan, White-browed 149 greenwayi, Gulella 216 Ground-Thrush, Kibale 242 Guan, White-crested 149 greenwayi, Hannia 206 Ground-thrush, Kivu 161 Guan, White-winged 34 greenwoodi, Crocidura 6 Ground-thrush, Spotted 53 guanicoe cacsilensis. Lama 226 gregarius, Vanellus 37 Groundcreeper, Canebrake 155 guanicoe huanacus. Lama 226 Gregorio, Guayacon de San 80 Grouper, 10-spine206 guanicoe voglii. Lama 226 grevyi, Equus 19 Grouper, Bacalao 83 guardia, Peromyscus 144 Grey-hornbill, Malabar 154 Grouper, Brown 168 guarouba, Aratinga 40 greyi, Macropus 177 Grouper, Comb 206 Gubernatrix 55 Greytail, Equatorial 155 Grouper, Giant 82 gud, Chionomys 143 Griffon, Cape 33 Grouper, Gulf 83 Gudgeon, Barnett River 169 grimwoodi, Macronyx 157 Grouper, Leopard 83 Gudgeon, Barred 206 GRIPOPTERYGIDAE 109 Grouper, Marbled 82 Gudgeon, Blind 206 grisea, Murina 12 Grouper, Nassau 83 Gudgeon, Danube 202 grisea, Myrmotherula 46 Grouper, Sawtail 83 Gudgeon, Drysdale 169 griseicauda, Stenocephalemys 145 Grouper, Snowy 82 Gudgeon, False-Spotted 247 griseiceps, Basileuterus 55 Grouper, Venezuelan 83 Gudgeon, Rinders Ranges 247 griseiceps, Myrmeciza 46 Grouper, Warsaw 82 Gudgeon, Golden 244 griseiceps, Piprites 156 Grouse, Caucasian 149 Gudgeon, Highlands 247 griseipectus, Lathrotriccus 47 Grouse, Chinese 149 Gudgeon, Island 206 griseiventris, Taphrolesbia 44 Grouse, Siberian 149 Gudgeon, Karamui 247 griseldis, Acrocephalus 158 GRUIDAE 36, 131, 149 Gudgeon, Kessler's 202 r

298 1 3 1 1 1

Gudgeon, Malas 247 gutturosa, Procapra 141 hahajimana, Lamprocystis 124 Gudgeon, Mitchell 169 gutturosa, Tilapia 86 hahajimana, Mandarina 214 Gudgeon, Paniai 206 guzmani, Streptocephalus 91 hahajimana, Vitrinula 189 Gudgeon, Prince Regent 169 gwatkinsii, Martes 17 hahneli, Parides 208 Gudgeon, Purple Spotted 247 gwendolinae mkusiensis, Gulella 239 Haideoporus 248 Gudgeon, Slender 169 gyldenstolpei, Isopachys 200 hainaldi, Rattus 144 Gudgeon, Wau 247 Gyliotrachela 175 hainanensis, Hylomys 6 Gudgeon, White-finned 202 Gymnobelideus 5 hainanus. Lepus 28

gueldenstaedti , Acipenser 235 gymnocephala. Pityriasis 157 hainanus, Phylloscopus 51 Guenon, Red-eared 15 gymnocephalus, Picathartes 51 Hairstreak, Avalon 103 Guenon, Sclater's 15 Gymnocephalus 83. 206 Hairstreak, Bartram's 252 guentheri, Christinus 59 Gymnocharacinus 75 Hairstreak, Sweadner's252 guentheri, Microtus 144 Gymnochthebius 249 halakalae, Nesothauma 254 guentheri, Phelsuma 59 Gymnocrex 36 haleakalae, Ectemnius 251 guentheri, Scelotes 61 Gymnogyps 32 haleakalae, Neseis 251 guereza gallarum, Colobus 222 Gymnomyza 54 /ifl/e;', Discherodontus 243 guerinianus. Discus 190 Gymnophaps 151 /ja/ei, Sicyopterus 207 guerinii, Truncatella 212 Gymnopholus 98 Halfbeak, Poso 205 guianensis, Morphnus 148 gymnops, Rhegmatorhina 155 Haliaeetus 33, 148 guiarti complex, Harpagochromis 236 Gymnostinops 56 Halibut, Atlantic 88 guidoni, Solatopupa 245 gymnotis, Strigocuscus 193 Halichoerus 224 guigna, Oncifelis 16 gymnotrachelus, Neogobius 206 HALIPLIDAE 249 guildingii, Amazona 40 gymnura, Saccopteryx 136 Haliplus 249 guilielmi, Paradisaea 164 Gymnure, Dwarf 6 hallae, Beddomeia 114 guinasana, Tilapia 86 Gymnure, Hainan 6 /ja//i, Lestodelphys 3 Guineafowl, White-breasted 34 Gymnure, Mindanao 6 /la///', Macronectes 146 guineensis, Cornigomphus 107 Gymnuromys 24 /laWi, Telmatobius 201 guineensis, Eptesicus 138 gyorensis. Coluber 61 hallucatus, Dasyurus 135 guineensis, Rhinolophus 137 Gvp.5 33, 148 HALOCYPRIDA 96 guiraonis, Barbus 71 Gyraulus 1 1 HALOCYPRIDIDAE 96 gularis, Heliodoxa 153 GYRINIDAE 249 Halolimnohelix 215 gularis, Francolinus 35 Gyrotoma 117, 118 halope, Mictocaris 97 guldenstaedti, Acipenser 70 haasi, Barbus 71 halophyllus, Hipposideros 136 Gulella 128, 191, 216, 239, 240, 245 haasi, Nesithmysus 248 hamadryas, Papio 140 Gulickia 120 haastii, Apteryx 29 hamatus, Taeromys 27 Gull, Audouin's 131 habbema, Antechinus 193 hamiltoni, Leiopelma 66 Gull, Heermann's 150 habbema, Hydromys 143 hamiltoni, Moxostoma 168 Gull, Lava 38 habei, Ogasawarana 112 hamiltoni, Taphozous 10 Gull, Olrog's 38 //aiia 55, 162 hamiltonii, Geoclemys 165 Gull, Pacific 150 Habromys 24, 143 Hamlet, Masked 83 Gull, Relict 150 Habroptila 36 hamlini, Clytorhynchus 158 Gull, Saunders's 38 habroplilus, Strigops 181 hamlyni kahuziensis, Cercopithecus 222 Gull, White-eyed 38 hachijoensis, Luchuena 215 hamlyni, Cercopithecus 140 gulo, Gulo 17 Hacrochlamys 124 hammondi, Thamnophis 200 Gulo 17 haddletoni, Lampsilis 172 Hampala 72 Gundi, Felou 27 Haddock 77 Hamster, Grey 143 gundlachi, Accipiter 33 haddocki, Rhyacophila 255 Hamster, Romanian 25 gundlachi, Mysateles 28 hadenoecus, Stygobromus 89 Hamster-rat, Greater 143 gunnii gunnii, Perameles 219 Hamster-rat, hadithaensis, Rhinopoma 10 Lesser 23 gunnii ssp. , Perameles 219 Handfish, Spotted 78 //arfra 122 gunnii, Perameles 4 Hadramphus 185,248 handleyi, Lonchophylla 1 gunningi, Amblysomus 5 handleyi, hadrourus, Uromys 145 Marmosops 3 gunningi, Sheppardia 52 handlirschi, Phoxinellus Ti //arfzjij 237 guntheri, Sphenodon 58 Hanging-parrot, Green-fronted 152 hadzii, Niphargus 90 gunung, Mallomys 24 Hanging-parrot, Sangihe41 HADZIIDAE 90, 237 gurneyi, Aquila 148 Hanging-parrot, Wallace's41 haemastica, Limosa 150 gurneyi, Mimizuku 42 Hanging-parrot, Yellow-throated 152 HAEMATOPINIDAE 98 gurneyi. Pitta 47 Hangul 226 Haematopinus 98 gutta, Cysticus 213 hanleyianum, Pleurobema 1 1 HAEMATOPODIDAE 37, 150 guttata, Clemmys 64 hannae, Cataglyphis 100 Haematopus 37, 150, 180 guttata, Zoolhera Hannia 206 53 haerruitostictum, Dicaeum 53 hansoni, Psilotreta 255 guttatum, Toxostoma 158 haematuropygia, Cacatua 40 Hansonoperla 254 guttatus, Psilorhamphus 155 HAEMULIDAE 84 hantu, Chimarrogale 6 gultifer, Tringa 38 Haeromys 24 gutturalis, Hapalemur 14, 220, 241 Habia 162 haesitatus, Cisticola 50 Hapalomys 143 gutturalis, Oreoscopus 159 hageni, Rhinocypha 106 gutturalis, Saxicola 160 Hapalopsittaca 41 hagleri, Pleurobema 1 1

299 1 7 12

Haplochromis 85, 184 hartfieldi, Orconectes 94 Heelsplitter. Alabama 112 161 haplochrous, Turdus hani, Cambarus 93 Heelsplitter, Carolina 1 1 Haplonycteris 9 harti, RImgada 122 Heelsplitter, Tennessee 172 Haplophaedia 153 hartlaubi, Otus 153 Heelsplitter. Texas 112 Haplophlhalmus 97 hartlaubi, Pseudodacnis 55 heermanni berkeleyensis, Dipodomys HAPLOTAXIDA 109. 172 hartmanniana, Elimia 188 231 harai, Stygobromus 89 hartungi, Caseolus 256 heermanni morroensis, Dipodomys 231 Harapgoxenus 100 hartwigi, Praomys 26 heermanni, Larus 150 Hardella 166 hartwigi, Trilhemis 107 Heimyscus 242 hardwickii, Gallinago 150 hartwigschuetti, Alzoniella 114 heinertzi, Lacconectus 248 hardwickii, Solegnathus 82 Harvestman, Melones Cave 88 heinrichi, Bunomys 143 Hardyhead, Dalhousie 78 harveyensis, Sinployea 189 heinrichi, Cacomantis 198 Hardyhead, Darling River 78 harveyi, Cephalophus 130 heinrichi, Cossypha 50 Hardyhead. Drysdale 168 harveyi, Parosphromenus 88 heinrichi, Geomalia 159 Hardyhead, Finke River 168 harwoodi, Francolinus 35 heinrichi, Hyosciurus 22 Hardyhead, Glovers 78 harzi, Isophya 109 heinrothi, Puffinus 30 Hardyhead, Kailola's 243 hasitata, Pterodroma 30 helanshanensis, Ochotona 28 Hardyhead, Kutubu 78 hatchi, Eanus 249 Helarctos 195 Hardyhead, Magela 204 hatinensis, Lophura 35 Heleia 161 Hardyhead, Murray 78 Hauffenia 116,211 Heleioporus 167 Hardyhead, Pima 204 haughtoni. Colophon 99 helena, Chilonopsis 191 Hardyhead, Prince Regent 168 hausdorfi, Acicula 210 helena, Perdicella 121 Hare, Alaskan 242 hawaiensis, Pupoidopsis 216 hetenae, Cralerocephalus 168 Hare, Broom 28 hawaiiensis, Chersodromia 250 helenae, Hypothymis 159 Hare, Ethiopian 197 hawaiiensis, Corvus 58 helenae, Leucocythere 98 Hare, Hainan 28 hawaiiensis, Deinomimesa 251 helenae, Mellisuga 153 Hare, Hispid 28 hawaiiensis, Ithamar 251 helenaensis, Physiculus 77 Hare, Yarkland 146 hawaiiensis, Kalania 251 Helenoconcha 189 Hare-wallaby, Banded 4. 220 hawaiiensis, Lyropupa 216 Helenodiscus 189 Hare-wallaby, Central 177 hawaiiensis, Neritilia Heleophryne 66 Hare-wallaby, Eastern 177 209 hawequensis, 165 HELEOPHRYNIDAE 66 Hare-wallaby, Rufous 4. 220 Afroedura Hawk, Galapagos 33 heliaca, Aquiia 33 Hare-wallaby, Spectacled 135, 219, 220 Hawk, harenna, Crocidura 6 Grey-backed 33 Heliangelus 43 Hawk, Gundlach's harmani, Crossoptilon 34 33 Helicarion 125,245,256 Hawk. Hawaiian 148 HELICARIONIDAE Harniogenanina 125, 190, 215 125,190,215,245, Hawk, Hispaniolan 33 256 haroldyoungi, Lygosonm 200 Hawk, Mantled 148 Helicella 126, 174 haroyi, Aegiaiia 249 Hawk, Plumbeous 148 HELICELLIDAE 245 Harpactes 44 Hawk, Rufous-tailed 148 HELICIDAE 125, 133, 174, 190, 215, 239, HARPACTICOIDA 96, 132,208 Hawk, Semicollared 147 245, 256 Harpagochromis 85. 184.236 Hawk, Semiplumbeous 148 heliciformis, Tropidoptera 121 Harpagoxenus 100 Hawk. White-necked 33 Helicina 112 harpi, Fallicambarus 94 Hawk-eagle, Black-and-white 148 HELICINIDAE 112,209,238 Harpia 148 Hawk-eagle, Javan 33 HELICODISCIDAE 125, 174 Harpiocephalus 138 Hawk-eagle, Philippine 33 Helicodiscus 174 Harpyhaliaetus 33, 148 Hawk-eagle, Sulawesi 148 helicogyra, Cincinnatia 115 harpyja, Harpia 148 Hawk-eagle, Wallace's 33 Heliconius 104, 253 Harpyopsis 33 Hawk-owl. Papuan 198 Helicopsis 174 Harrier, Black 148 Hawkmoth, Willowherb 208 Helicostyla 121 Harrier, Madagascar 148 hayi, Stygobromus 89 Helicoverpa 186 Harrier, Pallid 148 haysiana, Dysnomia 187 heliobates, Camarhynchus 54 harrisi, Plialacrocorax 31 haysiana, Elimia 1 1 Heliodiaptomus 92 harrisii, Aegolius 152 haysiana, Epioblasma 110 Heliodoxa 153 harrisoni, Musonycteris 1 heaneyi, Crateromys Ti Heliopais 37 Hartebeest, Bubar227 heavisidii, Cephalorhynchus 195 Heliophobius 145 Hartebeest, Coke's 227 hebardi, Erythroecia 253 HELIORNITHIDAE 37 Hartebeest, Common 130 hebardi. Vertigo 175 heliosylus, Hartebeest, Leiwel 227 Zonerodius 147 hebe, Partula 191 heliotropium, Astraea 1 1 Hartebeest, Lichtenstein's 130 heckeli, Alburnus 202 Hartebeest, Red 227 Helisoma 256 hecki, Macaca 140 Hartebeest, Swayne's 227 //e/w 125, 174 hectori, Cephalorhynchus 18 Hartebeest, Tora 227 hellenica, Cobitis 203 hectori, Hartebeest, Western 227 Mesoplodon 196 hellenicus, Eudontomyzon 69 Hedgehog, Hugh's 6 harteri paucimaculata, Nerodia 246 hellenicus, Pungitius 81 Hedgehog, South African 241 harterti, Batrachostomus 198 hellenicus, Tropidophoxinellus 203 Hedleya 119 hanerti, Ficedula 158 helleri, Turdus 53 Hedleyoconcha 123 harterti, Phlogophilus 153 hellmayri, Synallaxis 45 Hedylepta 186 harterti, Upucerthia 155 hellmichi, Liolaemus 199

300 1 1 1

Helmet-shrike, Gabela49 herberti, Stachyris 52 Heterophasia 159 Helmet-shrike, Grey-crested 49 hercegovinae, Alona 90 Heteropneustes 76 Helmet-shrike, Yellow-crested49 herculeana, Labidura 99 HETEROPNEUSTIDAE 76 Helminthoglypta 125,174,239 herculeanus, Polposipus 99 heteropodus, Stygobromus 89 HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE 125, 174, hercules glaseri, Dynastes 250 Heteropoma 210 215,239 hercules hercules, Dynastes 250 Heteropsomys 178 Heloderma 59 hercules reidi, Dynastes 250 heteropus, Machiloides 254 HELODERMATIDAE 59 hercules, Alcedo 44 Heteroxolmis 47 helonomus, Allanaspides 90 herero, Namibornis 159 heterura, Asthenes 45 hembeli, Margaritifera 1 10 herioti, Cyomis 158 hettitorum, Gobio 72 HEMEROBIIDAE 254 hermanni boettgeri, Testudo lAb heudci, Paradoxomis 160 Hemiandrus 254 hermanni, Myotis 194 hewilsonii, Ideopsis 104 Hemiargus 252 hermanni, Pseudoscaphirhynchus 70 hewitti, Heleophryne 66 Hemibelideus 135 hermanni, Testudo 166 HEXANCHIDAE69 Hemiboeckella 91 hermansi, Beddomeia 256 HEXANCHIFORMES 69 Hemicordulia 106, 238 herrrmphroditus lignicolor, Hexanchus 69 hemictenus, Punlius 74 Paradoxurus 224 hexaploidus, Bulinus 173 Hemicycla 125, 133, 174, 245, 256 hermes, Lycaena 103 Hexaprotodon 20, 226 Hemidaina 254 herminae, Opheodrys 165 HEXATHELIDAE 207 Hemidiaptomus 207 herminieri, Leiocephalus 182 hexodon, Helicodiscus 174 Hemignathus 56, 181 herminieri, Melanerpes 155 Hexolobodon 179 Hemigrammocapoeta 243 Hermit, Hook-billed 43 hickmani, Allanaspides 90 hemileucurus, Phlogophilus 153 Hermit, Koepcke's 153 hidamontanus, Hynobius 68 Hemimyzon 74 Hermit, Saw-billed 153 Hieremys 64 hemionus cerrosensis, Odocoileus 227 hermonensis, Apodemus 23 hieroglyphica, Omphalotropis 114 hemionus, hemionus Equus 225 Heron, Agami 147 hieroglyphicum, Isomma 107 hemionus hemippus. Equus 225 Heron, Great-billed 147 higginsii, Lampsilis 1 1 hemionus khur, 225 Equus Heron, Madagascar 31 hildebrandti thikensis, Maizania 238 hemionus kulan, Heron, White-bellied Equus 225 31 hildergardeae, Taphozous 10 hemionus luteus, Equus 225 Heron, Zigzag 147 /jiWi, Scortum 206 onager, Herpailurus 223 hemionus Equus 225 hillieri, Dasycercus 3 hemionus, Equus 19 HERPESTIDAE 16, 224 hillieri, Divellomelon 111 Hemiphlebia 107 Herpsilochmus 46, 155 hillii, Argonemertes 175 herrei, Puntius 74 HEMIPHLEBIIDAE 107 Hillstar, Wedge-tailed 153 HEMIPTERA 250 Herring, Toothed River 202 Himantopus 37 Venezuelan HEMIRAMPHIDAE 81, 168, 205, 243 Herring, 71 Himantura 70 Hemisaga 109 hershkovitzi, Aotus 194 Himeroconcha 214 Hemispingus, Rufous-browed 162 hesperia, Lonchophylla 1 himeros, Papilio 171 Hemispingus, Slaty-backed 55 Hesperia 102,252 Hind, Speckled 82 Hemispingus 55, 162 hespericum, Craspedoma 133 hindei, Beamys 23

Hemislena 1 1 102, 170, 208, 252 HESPERIIDAE hindei, Turdoides 53 116, 173 Hesperilla Hemistoma 252 hindwoodi, Lichenostomus 132 Hemitragus 21 Hesperion, Karok 215 hineana, Somatochlora 106 Hemitremia Hesperodiaptomus 202 92 hinkleyi, Somatogyrus 111 Hesperoptenus Hemitriccus 47, 156 12 hinpoon, Niviventer 144 Hetaerina 106 hemixantha, Microeca 159 hinsbyi, Pleuroxia 111 hendersoni, 248 heteracantha, Deinacrida 108 Rhyncogonus hiostius, Typhaeus 249 hendersoni, Somatogyrus 111 Heteragrion 107 Hippocamelus 20, 197 Henicopemis 148 Heteralocha 182 hippocampus. Hippocampus 81 Henicophaps 151 Heteramphus 248 Hippocampus 81, 82, 205 Henicorhina Heterelmis 249 158 hippocrepis, Polygyra 175 henningi, Poecilmitis 103 Heterexis 248 hippoglossus, Hippoglossus 88 heterochir. 80 henrici, Ficedula 50 Cambusia Hippoglossus 88 henseli, Drymaeus 121 Heterocleon 250 HIPPOLYTIDAE 95 henslowii, Ammodramus 162 Heterocrossa 151 hippophaes, Hyles 208 henslii, Accipiter 147 Heterocyclus 116 HIPPOPOTAMIDAE 20, 226 Heosemys 64, 166 heterodon, Alasmidonta 255 Hippopotamus, Pygmy 20 Hephaestus 83, 168, 206 heterodon, Leiostyla 127 Hippopotamus 226 HEPIALIDAE 252 heterodus, Orthogeomys 22 hippopus, Hippopus 133 HEPTAGENIIDAE 250 Heterohyrax 20 Hippopus 133 heptaptychius, Semperdon 245 Heteromirafra 48 hipposideros. Betta 88 HEPTAXODONTIDAE 179 Heteromunia 163 hipposideros, Rhinolophus 10 heptneri, Salpingotus 143 Heteromyias 159 Hipposideros 10, 136, 137, 194 heran, Nyctophilus 13 HETEROMYIDAE 23, 131, 142,231,242 Hippotragus 130, 178, 228 herbertaxelrodi, Melanotaenia 205 Heteromys 23, 142 Hirosea 124, 190,214 herbertena, Amplirhagada 214 Heteronetta 147 hiraseana, Boninena 121 herbertensis, Pseudochirulus 135 Heteronympha 253 hirasei, Camptoceras 210

301 1 1 1 8

hirasei, Mandarina 214 holsingeri, Fontigens 211 Hornbill, Narcondam 44 hirasei, Ogasawarana 209 holsingeri, Sphalloplana 256 Hornbill, Plain-pouched 44 Hirasiella 215 holsti, Parus 161 Hornbill, Rufous 154 Hirinaba 128 holsti, Rana 67 Hornbill, Rufous-necked 44 hirosei, Mortonagrion 106 holstonia, Lasmigona 172 Hornbill, Samar 154 hirsuta. Myrmica 101 /lo/ri, Orconectes 94 Hornbill, Sulu 44 hirsulissima, Cytora 212 holtzi, Rana 67 Hornbill, Sumba 44 hirsutus bemieri, Lagorchestes 220 homalonotum, Oligosoma 60 Hornbill, Visayan 44 hirsutus dorreae, Lagorchestes 220 Homaloptera 74 Hornbill, Wrinkled 44 Hornbill, Writhed hirsutus hirsutus, Lagorchestes 220 hombroni, Actenoides 44 44 Hornbill, Writhed-billed44 hirsutus ssp., Lagorchestes 220 homeana, Kinixys 200 Hornbill, Yellow-casqued 154 hirsutus, Artibeus 1 homerus, Papilio 105 hornbosteli, Lamprocystis 215 hirsutus, Brachionichthys 78 HOMINIDAE 16, 223 hornbyi, Oceanodroma 197 hirsutus, Bulimulus 126 homochroa, Oceanodroma 146 Hornsnail, Corpulent 118 hirsutus, Coelops 194 Homoeoneuria 250 Hornsnail, Ringed 118 hirsutus, Hydroporus 248 Homopholis 165 Hornsnail, Rough 118 hirsutus, Lagorchestes 4 HOMOPTERA 170, 186, 251 Hornsnail, Rugged 118 hirsutus, Reithrodontomys 145 Homopus 65, 166 Hornsnail, Shortspire 118 //irt/iia 119 Homoroselaps 165 Hornsnail, Skirted 1 18 hirticeps luteocincta, Perdita 25 hondurensis, Cryptotis 7 Hornsnail, Spiral 118 HIRUDINEA 171 Honey-buzzard, Black 148 Hornsnail, Telescope 1 1 HIRUDINIDAE 171 Honeyeater, Black-chested 199 Hornsnail, Upland 118 //irwdo 171 Honeyeater, Bonin 54 horridulum, Cyclophorus 187 hirundinacea, Cypsnagra 162 Honeyeater, Bridled 162 horridum, Heloderma 59 hiruruiinaceus, Caprimulgus 153 Honeyeater, Buru 162 Horse, Przewalski's 225 HIRUNDINIDAE 48, 157, 198 Honeyeater, Crow 54 Horse, Przewalski's Wild 178 Hirundo 48 Honeyeater, Eungella 132 horsfieldii, Testudo 65 /jiite, OArymycrerui 25 Honeyeater, Kadavu 162 horsti, Procambarus 95 hispanica, Anaecypris 7 Honeyeater, Painted 54 hortoni, Fallicambarus 94 hispanica, Suboestophora 175 Honeyeater, Regent 54 /!05C(, Diplogale 18 hispanica, Valencia 80 Honeyeater, Streaky-breasted 162 Honeyeater, Tagula 199 ftojei, Lagenodelphis 195 hispida botnica, Phoca 224 Honeyguide, Dwarf ftoje/, Lariscus 22 hispida ladogensis, Phoca 224 154 Honeyguide, Malaysian 154 ftojci, Suncus 8 hispida saimensis, Phoca 224 Honeyguide, Yellow-footed 44 /io5/(, Oriolus 164 hispida, Crocidura 6 Honeyguide, Yellow-rumped 154 hosonoi, Myotis 138 hispida, Japonia 210 hongii, Placostylus 121 hosonoi, Sorex 7 hispidus, Caprolagus 28 hongkongensis, Kaliella 125 hospes, Barbus 167 Histiotus 12, 138 Hongolua 217 hospiton, Papilio 105 histrio, Eos 40 honoluluensis, Apterocychus 249 hospitum, Monomorium 101 histrio, Hyophryne 201 hoogerwerfi, Lophura 35 hotsoni, Calomyscus lli histrionica, Phaps 151 hoogerwerfi, Rattus 26 housei, Amytomis 158 histrix. Hippocampus 81 hoogstraali, Gerbillus 24 houstonensis, Bufo 66 hiwasseensis, Cambarus 93 hoogstraali, Lemniscomys 197 houstonensis, Quadrula 172 hobbit, Syconycteris 10 hookeri, Phocarctos 17 Houting 204 Hobbseus 94 hoolock, Hylobates 194 /jova, Acraea 252 hobbsi, Crangonyx 89 hopetonensis, Elliptio 172 howardi, Cambarus 93 hochstetteri, Leiopelma 243 hopkei, Carpodectes 156 howarthi, Caconemobius 108 hochstetteri, Paryphanta 216 hopkinsi, Pelomys 25 howei, Ophiogomphus 107 hodgei, Dryocopus 154 Hoplocephalus 62 howeinsulae, Omphalotropis 210 hodgesi, Gomphus 171 Hoplodactylus 59. 165, 182, 243 howelli, Sylvisorex 8 hodgsoni, Tickellia 160 HOPLONEMERTEA 128,175,217 howelli, Trox 250 hodgsonii, Pantholops 21 Hoplotilapia 184 howensis, Nyctophilus 177 Hodomys 143 Hopping-mouse, Dusky 25 howensis, Pteropus 9 hoedtii, Gallicolumba 39 Hopping-mouse, Northern 144 howesi, Balhanalia 1 19 hoeschi, Anthus 157 hoppingi, Lytta 249 howesi, Prognathochromis 85 hoesei, Glossogobius 206 Horaglanis 76 Howler, Brown 14 hoffmanni, Choloepus 193 horai, Hippocampus 81 Howler, Guateinalan 241 hoffinannsi, Rhegmatorhina 155 horei, Reymondia 119 /toyi, Coregonus 77 Hog, Pygmy 20 /lore;, Tiphobia 119 hozgargantae, Agabus 98 Hog, Western Forest 226 Hornbill, Black 154 hrabei, Niphargus 90 /iogei, Phrynops 62 Hornbill, Brown 154 huacahuasicus, Liolaemus 60 Hogfish 87 Hornbill, Brown-cheeked 154 huallagae, Aulacorhynchus 154 Holcobius 248 Hornbill, Helmeted 154 huancavelicae, Asthenes 45 holmwoodii, Chondrostoma 71 Hornbill, Luzon 154 hubbsi, Coahuilix 115 Holoaden 67 Hornbill, Mindanao 154 hubbsi, Lampetra 167 holosericea, Drepanoptila 38 Hornbill, Mindoro 44 hubbsi, Moxostoma 75 holostoma, Gonospira 128

302 I 6

hubbsi, Notropis 202 Hutia, Hispaniolan 28 HYLIDAE 66, 166, 201, 235, 243, 246 hubbsi, Novumbra 168 Hutia, Isla de la Juventud Tree 146 Hylobates 16, 140, 194, 195 hubbsi, Stygobromus 89 Hutia, Jamaican 28 HYLOBATIDAE 16, 140. 194 Hubbsina 80 Hutia, Large-eared 28 Hylochoerus 226 huberi, Strongylognathus 102 Hutia, Little Earth 28 hylocrius, Hemitragus 21 hubrichti, Allocrangonyx 89 huttoni, Lyperobius 248 Hylocryptus 45, 155 hubrichli, Phaeognathus 68 huttoni, Murina 138 Hylodes 67 hubrichti, Plethodon 68 huttoni, Ptilinopus 39 Hylogomphus 171 hubrichti, Stenotrema 215 huttoni, Puffinus 30 hylomyoides, Maxomys 144 hubricti. Vertigo 175 hyacinthinus, Anodorhynchus 40 Hylomys 6, 136 Huchen 77 Hyaena, Brown 241 Hylomyscus 242 hucho, Hucho 11 Hyaena, Spotted 129 Hylonympha 43 Hucho 11 Hyaena 241 Hylopetes 22, 142 hucucha, Oxymycterus 25 HYAENIDAE 129, 224, 241 Hylopezus 155 hudsoni, Knipolegus 156 hyalelloides, Gammarus 90 Hylorchilus 49 hudsonicus grahamensis, Tamiasciurus hyalina, Conozoa 187 Hymenolaimus 32 231 hyalina, Diplommatirui 256 HYMENOPTERA 99, 170, 208, 251 hudsonius campestris, Zapus 232 hyalina, Partula ill HYNOBIIDAE 68, 201 hudsonius luteus, Zapus 242 hyalinoides, Tayloria 217 Hynobius 68, 201 hudsonius preblei, Zapus 232 hyalinus, Sinocyclocheilus 74 Hyophryne 201 hugeli, Aulopyge 71 hyantis andrewsi, Euchloe253 Hyosciurus 22 hughi, Mesechinus 6 hyattiana, Carelia 189 Hypena 186 Huia 182 Hybognathus 72 hyperion, Poecilmitis 103 Huleechius 249 Hybomys 24, 143 HYPEROLIIDAE 66, 243 hutensis, Acanthobrama 1 83 hydaspe conquista, Speyeria 152i Hyperolius 66 hullii, Beddomeia 114 Hydaticus 248 Hyperoodon 130 humbloti, Ardea 31 hydei, Elimia 1 17 hyperythra, Brachypteryx 50 Humblotia 50 Hydraena 249 hyperythrus, Cnemidophorus 200 humboldti, Spheniscus 146 HYDRAENIDAE 249 hyperythrus, Odontophorus 149 humedasae, Polyommatus 103 hydrobates, Ichthyomys 143 hyperythrus, Tarsiger 160 humei, Sphenocichla 160 HYDROBATIDAE 30, 146, 197 Hyphydrus 248 humerosus, Somatogyrus 212 Hydrobe, Blue Spring 114 Hypnophila 214 humiae, Syrmaticus 35 Hydrobe, Dense 1 14 hypochondriacus, Siptomopsis 155 Spring 114 humilis, Ichthyophaga 148 Hydrobe, Fenney hypochroma, Sporophila 163 Hydrobe, Wekiwa 1 14 humiiis, Acerodon 8 Hypodryas 208

Hydrobia 1 1 humilis, Eupodotis 150 Hypogeomys 24 HYDROBIIDAE 114, 173, 188,211,238, humilis, Hydroporus 248 hypogeus, Acanthocyclops 92 244, 256 humilis, Yuhina 161 hypoglauca, Andigerui 154 HYDROCENIDAE 112,209 Hummingbird, Bee 153 hypogrammica, Stachyris 52 Hydrochara 249 Hummingbird, Chestnut-bel!ied43 hypolais, Zosterops 162 hydrocharis, Tanysiptera 198 Hummingbird, Glow-throated 43 Hypolestes 107 Hydrochrous 153 Hummingbird, Mangrove 43 hypoleuca, Cissa 164 hydrocorax, Buceros 154 Hummingbird, Oaxaca 43 hypoleucos, Falco 33 Hydrodamalis 178 Hummingbird, Rufous-cheeked 153 hypoleucus. Capita 44 hydrodromus, Sorex 1 Hummingbird, Sapphire-bellied43 hypoleucus, Sphecotheres 199 Hydromantes 68 Hummingbird, Scissor-tailed43 hypoleucus, Synthliboramphus 150 Hydromedusa 62 Hummingbird, White-tailed43 hypolia, Hirasea 214 Hydromys 24, 143 hungarica, Paladilhia 173 Hypolimnas 253 HYDROPHIIDAE 62 hungerfordi, Brychius 249 Hypolimnas 253 HYDROPHILIDAE 249 Hungerfordia 210 Hypolysia 217 Hydroporus 248 hungerfordiana rufopila, Chlorilis 239 Hypomesus 76 Hydropotes \ 41.221 hunteri, Damaliscus 21 hypomicrus, Nesophontes 111 Hydropsyche 187 huntsmani, Coregonus 11 hypophyllus, Hipposideros 136 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 187 hurdi, Cophura 250 Hypoplectrus 83 Hydroptila 254 hurdi, Metapogon 250 hypopolia, Lepidochrysops 186 HYDROPTILIDAE 254 hurtadoi, Gambusia 80 Hypopyrrhus 56 Hydrosaurus 199 ftura , //».so 236 Hypothymis 50, 159 Hydrotarsus 98 /lUio, //uio 70 hypowattan, Parantica 104 Hyemoschus 141 Wuio 70, 236 hypoxantha, Gerygone 50 Hyetornis 42 hussoni, Hydromys 143 hypoxanthus, Brachyteles 14 Hygromia 126 hutchinsi, Kimberleyeleotris 169 hypoxanthus, Neodrepanis 47 HYGROMIIDAE 126, 133, 174, 190,215. Hutia, Bahamian 28 hypoxanthus, Oenomys 197 256 Hutia, Bushy-tailed 146 hypoxanthus, Ploceus 164 Hygrotus 185,248 Hutia, Cabrera's 28 Hypseleotris 169, 244 //y/a 66, 166, 201 Hutia, Chapman's Prehensile-tailed28 Hypsipetes 48, 181 hylasfreyi, Coenagrion 237 Hutia, Dwarf 28 HYRACOIDEA 19,226 //y/« 208 Hutia, Garrido's 28 Hyrax, Eastern Tree 19

303 1 1

hyrcanicus, Apodemus 197 Iguana, Barrington Land 59 Imperial-pigeon, Mindoro39 Hyridella 255 Iguana, Booby Cay Ground 234 Imperial-pigeon, New Caledonian39 HYRIIDAE 110,255 Iguana, Cayman Island Ground 234 Imperial-pigeon, Polynesian 39 Hysterocarpus 247 Iguana. Cuban Ground 60, 234 Imperial-pigeon, Spotted 39 hystricella, Pronesopupa 216 Iguana, Exuma Island Rock 234 Imperial-pigeon, Timor 39 hystricelloides, Thaumatodon 124 Iguana, Fiji Banded 59 Imperial-pigeon, Vanuatu 39 HYSTRICIDAE 28, 145 Iguana, Fiji Crested 59 imperialis, Amazona 40 hystricosus, Euastacus 96 Iguana, Galapagos Land 59 imperialis, Campephilus 44 Iguana, Hystrix 28, 145 Galapagos Marine 59 imperialis, Fissilicreagris 89 Iguana, la 138 Jamaican 59 imperialis, Gallinago 150 Iguana, Lesser Antillean60 iasonia, Idea 171 imperialis, Lophura 35 Iguana, Rhinoceros 60 ibadanensis, Malimbus 57 imperialis, Speleomantes 167 Iguana, Ricord's 60 Iberocypris 72 imperialis, Teinopalpus 171 Iguana, San Salvador Rock 60, 234 iberus, Aphanius 205 implicata, Harmogenanina 125 Iguana, Turks and Caicos Ground 234 Iberus 174 implicata, Pachycephala 159 Iguana 60 Ibex, Credos 228 impressa, Elimia 117 IGUANIDAE 59, 182, 199, 234, 246 Ibex, Nubian 21 impressa, Manouria 65 Iguanognathus 61 Ibex, Pyrenean 228 improvisum, Chiroderma 11 iheringi, Formicivora 46 Ibex, Sind 228 imula, Arubolana 97 iheringi, Monodelphis 135 Ibex, Spanish 141 inae, Vitrea 217 iheringi, 214 Ibex, Walia 21 Radiodiscus Inanga, Dwarf 76 ijimae, Phylloscopus Ibis, Black-headed 147 51 Inca, Black 43 Ibis, Crested 31 ikei, Maccullochella 82 Inca-finch, Grey-winged 162 Ibis, Dwarf Olive 31 ileile, Hyosciurus 22 Inca-finch, Little 162 Ibis, Ciant 31 ilicifolia, Phyllodesma 102 incanus, Marmosops 135 Ibis, Madagascar Crested 147 ilidzensis slovenicus, Niphargus Til Incaspiza 162 Ibis, Northern Bald 31 iliensis, Ochotona 28 incerta, Pronesopupa 216 Ibis, Red-naped 147 iliffei, Cocoharpinia 90 incerta, Pterodroma 30 Ibis, Reunion Flightless 179 iliffei, Typhlatya 93 Incerticyclus 188 Ibis, Southern Bald 31 Illadopsis, Rufous-winged 159 incisa, Paramiella 212 White-shouldered Ibis, 31 llladopsis 159 incisus, Glossolepis 78 Icaricia 252 illidgei, Acrodipsas 102 incomitatus, Artibeus 194 icarioides missionensis, Icaricia 252 illyricus, Leuciscus 72 incomptus, Orconectes 94 icarioides missionensis, Plebejus 252 Ilydon 80 inconspicua, Gulella 216 icarioides moroensis, Icaricia 252 imaizumii, 1 Rhinolophus incurvata, Somatochlora 171 icarioides pheres, Icaricia 252 imbellis, Ammodillus 23 incurvatus alleghaniensis, ichikawai, Coreobagrus 76 imberbis, Muriculus 25 Ophiogomphus 238 ichthyaetus, Ichthyophaga 148 imberbis, Tragelaphus 131 incurvatus, Ophiogomphus 171 Ichthyomys 24, 143 imbricata, Eretmochelys 63 indefessus, Nesoryzomys 25 Ichthyophaga 148 imbricata, Meladema 98 indica dealbata, Ratufa 245 ICTALURIDAE 75, 168, 203, 247 imbriferna, Tilapia 86 indica elphinstoni, Ratufa 245 Ictalurus 75, 203, 247 imeldae, Notropis 73 indica, Chitra 65 56, 163, 182 ICTERIDAE imitata, Phreatodrobia 116 indica, Cylindraspis 182 icterolis, Ognorhynchus 41 imitator, Accipiter 33 indica, Eupodotis 37 Icterus 56, 163 imitator, Tryonia 212 indica, Ratufa 22 idae, Ardeola 147 imitratix, Lampedusa 123 Indicator 154 idaeoides, Craphium 105 imitratrix, Lutilodix 125 INDICATORIDAE 44, 154 idahoensis idahoensis, Oreohelix 239 immaculata, Deloneura 186 indicus. Gyps 148 idahoensis, Brachylagus 146 immaculata, Eremarionta 125 indicus, Melanobatrachus 67 idahoensis, Pyrgulopsis 1 2 immaculata, Pnoepyga 160 indicus, Monopterus 205 idalia, Speyeria 253 Imnadia 92 indicus, Tapirus 19 Idea 104, 171 imogene, Pharotis 13 indigo, Peripatoides 109 identatus, Stygobromus 89 Impala 130 indioensis cathedralis, Eremarionta Ideopsis 104, 244 Impala, Black-faced 227 239 Idiodiaptomus 207 impar, Delma 60 Indolestes 107 Idiomela 125 impavidus, Marmosops 135 Indoreonectes 203 Idiostatus 109 impennis, Alca 1 80 Indotestudo 65 Idiurus 145 imperator imperator, Saguinus 221 Indri 14 irfo/a, Donacia 248 imperator, Uromys 27 iWri, //li/n 14 Idunella 90 imperfecta, Caldwellia 124 /nt/ri 14 /g/;ca 116,211 imperforata, Partula 191 INDRIDAE 14,221,241 ignila, Lophura 35 Imperial-pigeon, Bismarck 151 inepta, Cylindraspis 182 ignotus, Basileuterus 163 Imperial-pigeon, Chestnut-bellied39 inepta, Megacrex 198 Iguana, Allen's Cay Rock 234 Imperial-pigeon, Christmas Island39 inermis argyropus, Hydropotes 227 Iguana, Andres Island Rock 234 Imperial-pigeon, Finsch's 151 inermis inermsis, Hydropotes 227 Iguana, Anegada Rock 60 Imperial-pigeon, Grey 39 inermis testii, Orconectes 237 Iguana, Bahama Island Rock 60 Imperial-pigeon, Marquesan39 inermis, Epinephelus 82

304

J 2 1

nermis, Hydropotes 141 insonus, Sylvilagus 29 72 nermis, Nematogenys 204 Insuetophrymus 67 ioxantha, Fletcherana 252 nexpectala, Aegisia 213 insulana, Volvarina 213 ip/i!5, Pomarea 52 nexpeclala, Torreomis 55 insulans, Heteropsomys 178 iphitas, Eurytides 105 nexpectatus, Hipposideros 10 insulanus, Psacadonotus 109 ipnaeum, Plagiodontia 179 nexspectata, Tyto 198 insularis, Aplonis 164 iracunda, Metallura 153 nfantilis, Trimerolropis 108 insularis. Barkudia 200 Iranocypris 72 nfetix, Monarcha 159 insularis, Boninthemis 107 iredalei, Acanthiza 49 nfemale, Ophistemon 82 insularis, Bothrops 62 Iredaleoconcha 125 nfemalis, Styx 252 insularis, Dipodomys 23 I'rena, Miramella 108

nfirma, Assiminea 1 14 insularis, Eupsophus 201 i'rene, Poecilmitis 103 Inflata, Beddomeia 114 insularis, Gerygone 181 ireneae, Otus 42 nflata, Trochidrobia 117 insularis, Gonyostomus 128 IRENIDAE 48, 157 nflatula, Diplommatina 210 insularis, Junco 55 iridescens, Amphorella 124

nflalus, Potamilus 1 1 insularis, Lepus 146 irideus, Leucaspius 202 Infrapunctatum, Oligosoma 165 insularis, Macroperipatus 109 irideus, Pseudophoxinus 203 Infrequens, Nesopupa 216 insularis, Nesidiolestes 251 Iridosomis 162 Infucata, Quincuncina 172 insularis, Otus 42 iriomotensis, Chlorogomphus 106 Infusca, Balantiopteryx 10 insularis, Procyon 17 (m, Amblysomus 241 Infuscata, Synallaxis 45 insularis, Pteropus 9 (m, Melanotaenia 243 Infuscatus, Henicopemis 148 insularis, Ptilinopus 39 i'm, /'ipra 156 •nfuscus, Platyrrhinus 137 insularis, Strongylognathus 102 (m, Psitteuteles 41 ngens, Diclidurus 10 insularum, Myotis 194 ir?7M, Macropus 135 'ngens, Dipodomys 23 insulata, Sporophila 55 irregularis, Aaadonta 214 •ngens. Hippocampus 81 insulatus, Platymantis 67 irregularis, Cycloptilum 108 ngens, Macrotarsomys 24 insulensis, Mesocyclops 92 irridescens, Levuana 187 Ingolfiella 90 Insulivitrina 128, 175 irridescens, Paramelania 119 irrorata, 146 INGOLHELLIDAE 90 intercastellanus , Phalanger 219 Diomedea ingrahami, Geocapromys 28 inter,,, isa, Xerarionta 125 irrupta, Caluromysiops 3 /nia 19 interioris, Lucania 80 irvineanus, Bothriembryon 121 inmemoriam, Cyprinodon 183 intermedia ijimai, Leucorrhinia 238 irvingi, Cesonia 207 innesi, Omphalotropis 256 intermedia, Belgrandiella 188 irwini, Percilla 206 innotata, Aythya 32 intermedia, Bylhinella 188 isabelae, Graellsia 208 innoxius, Eptesicus 12 intermedia, Callithrix 241 Isabella, Funisciurus 142 inopinala, Thaumatoneura 107 intermedia, Gila 167 Isabella, Sylvisorex 8 inopinata, Westraltrachia 122 intermedia, Kerivoula 138 isabellae, Oriolus 57 inopinatum, Polyplectron 35 intermedia, Nycteris 136 isabellus, Diclidurus 136 inopinatus, Artibeus 137 intermedia, Psittacula 41 isarogensis, Rhynchomys 27 inops, Rhinolophus 194 intermedia, Quadrula 255 Ischnura 106 inomata, Bitis 62 intermedius, Choeroniscus 137 ishidai, Macromia 106 inomata, Columba 38 intermedius, Crocodylus 58 ishigakiana ishigakiarm, Planaeschna inomata, Lophura 35 intermedius, Glossogobius 87 Til inomata, Pinaroloxias 55 intermedius, Micropteropus 9 ishigakiana ruigaminei, Planaeschna 237 inomata, Uma 60 intermedius, Neodiaptomus 92 ishikawae, Rana 67 inomatus psammophilus, Perognathus intemigrans, Perisoreus 58 ishikawai, Oncorhynchus 11 242 interparietalis, Peromyscus 26 ishmaeli, Labrochromis 184 inomatus, Epicrates 165 interrupta, Elimia 117 isidori, Oroaetus 148 inomatus, Philemon 162 interstitialis, Sphaerolana 97 isletae, Napaeus 121 inquilina, Myrmecia 101 interveniens, Elimia 117 isolata, Jardinella 116 inquilina, Oxyepoecus 101 intonsa, Aegista 213 isolata, Pyrgulopsis 21 inquilina, Pheidole 101 intortus, Lanistes 114 isolatum, Cristilabrum 122 inquilina, Serrastruma 101 intricatus, Carabus 169 isolatum, Tasmanoplectron 108 inquilinum, Monomorium 101 intrusa, Gulella 216 Isolobodon 28, 179 insculpta, Carettochelys 62 inundata, Amblyrhiza 179 Isomma 107 insculpta, Clemmys 64 inunguis, Trichechus 19 Isonychia 250 INSECTA 98, 133, 169, 185, 208, 237. inustus, Dendrolagus 193 Isoodon 4, 219 244, 247 inutilis, Hemicycla 133 Isopachys 200 INSECTIVORA 5, 136, 177, 193, 241 investigator, Uropsilus 8 Isophya 109 inseperata, Lytta 249 invictus, Marmosops 135 Isopod, Bat Cave 97 insignis, Ardea 31 10, Balantiopteryx 136 Isopod, Clifton Cave 96 insignis, Hirasea 124 lo, /a 138 Isopod, Lee County Cave 97 insignis, Polihierax 149 /o 118 Isopod, Madison Cave 97 insignis, Potamonectes 249 lodopleura 46 Isopod, Nickajack Cave 97 insignis, Rhinomyias 52 /oZau,r 103, 170,252 Isopod, Rye Cove Cave 97 insignis, Saxicola 52 /omyi 22 Isopod, Socorro 185 insignis, Zenkerella 145 (ora, Norfolcioconch 123 ISOPODA 96, 185, 208, 237, 244, 247 insolita, Newnhamia 98 lotichthys

305 8 1 2

Isothrix 146, 197 japonicus, Glirulus 28 Joiceya 103 isseli, Pelomys 25 japonicus. Hippocampus 81 Jokajdon 214 istapantap, Mallomys 143 japonicus, Salvelinus 11 joilyi, Daphnia 90 Isthmomys 143 Jardinella 116 jonesi, Elimia 117 isura, Lophoictinia 33 jarutanini, Schistura 75 jonesi, Hipposideros 136 ilajara, Epinephelus 82 jasperi, Eleutherodactylus 201 jonesi, Orconectes 94

italicus, Strongylognathus 102 jaurffreti, Elasmias 213 jonesi, Ptychobranchus 1 1 italowiana, Pleuroxia 174 javanica, Manis 142 jonesianus, Mesodon 215 iteratus, Mixophyes 67 javanica, Nycteris 10 jonklaasi, Lepidocephalichthys 74 ithaginis, Dorcus 249 javanicus, Bos 20 jonklaasi, Sicyopus 207 Itliamar 251 javanicus, Charadrius 150 jonquillaceus, Aprosmictus 151 ITHONIDAE 254 javanicus, Lacconectus 248 jophon, Atrophaneura 105

i'toni'.! nakashimai, Chamalychaeus 239 javanicus, Leptoptilos 31 jordani, Mycteroperca 83 iVcWi, Edwardsia 217 javanus, Glischropus 138 jordani, Papilio 105 iversoni, Mauremys 200 javensis, Batrachostomus 153 josephi, Tyrrheniella 126 iwame, Oncorhynchus 204 javensis, Megalaima 154 josephinae, Cysticus 213 iwasakii, Pareas 200 Jay, Azure 164 josephinae, Hemitriccus 156 Ixalodecles 109 Jay, Beautiful 164 jouyi, Columba 180 Ixobrychus 147, 179 Jay. Dwarf 58 jubata, Neochen 147 /j:o5 48. 157 Jay. Lidth's 58 jubatus hecki, Acinonyx 223 izardi. Colophon 170 Jay, Sichuan 58 jubatus venaticus, Acinonyx ITi izecksohni, Hyla 201 Jay, Tufted 164 jubatus, Acerodon 8 Jabouilleia 51 Jay, White-throated 58 jubatus, Acinonyx 16 Jacamar, Coppery-chested 44 jayakari, Hemitragus 21 jubatus, Eumetopias 17 Jacamar, Three-toed 44 jayakari. Hippocampus 81 jubatus, Rhynochetos il

Lithasia 1 1 Jacamaralcyon 44 jayana, jucunda, Bellamya 119 jaccetanicus, Zonitoides 128 jayensis, Elliptio 255 juddii, Achatinella 1 88 Jack, Deepwater 82 jeanae, Kiwaia 252 jugalis, Oreohelix 126 jackieburchi, Partula 191 jeanneae, Discoglossus 246 jugorum, Megalagrion 187 jeanneli, Elaphoidella Jackrabbit, Black 146 96 jugularis, Mormopterus 13 Jackrabbit, jeeba, Tehuantepec 28 Phasmodes 109 julianae, Amblysomus 5 Jackrabbit, White-sided 146 jeffersoni, Orconectes 94 7u/i(, Ampelita 1 20 Jacksonena 173 jefferyi, Lepidochrysops 103 julisia, Fundulus 80 jacksonense, 256 Helisoma jejferyi, Pithecophaga 33 jullieni, Probarbus 73 jacksoni, Bdeogale 16 jejfreysi, Bellamya 119 Jumprock, Bigeye 203 jacksoni, Euplectes 164 jemezanus, Notropis 202 juncea, Achatinella 1 88 jacksoni, Praomys 197 jemlahicus, Hemitragus 21 Junco, Guadalupe 55 jacksoni, Sorex 1 jenkinsi, Percina 84 Junco 55 jacksoni, Steatomys 21 Jenkinsia 71 juneae, Murunducaris 133 jacksoni, Taenioides 169 jenkinsii, Crocidura 6 jungermanniae, Pasmaditta 216 jacksoniana, Obovaria 172 jentinki, Cephalophus 21 Jungle-flycatcher, Brown-chested52 jacobi, Bulimulus 126 jentinki, Sundasciurus 22 Jungle-flycatcher, Henna-tailed 160 jacobita, Oreailurus 16 jerdoni, Aviceda 148 Jungle-flycatcher, Russet-backed 1 60 jacquinoti, Pachycephala 159 jerdoni, Garrulax 159 Jungle-flycatcher, Slaty-backed52 jacucaca, Penelope 149 jerdoni, Paradoxurus 18 Jungle-flycatcher, Streaky-breasted52 Jaculus 143 jerdoni, Saxicola 160 Jungle-flycatcher, White-browed52 jacutinga, Pipile 34 jeresae, Suboestophora 126 Jungle-flycatcher, White-throated52 jaegeri, Anelia 170 Jery, Wedge-tailed 159 Junglefowl, Grey 149 jagara, Euastacus 95 jesseana, Libellula 107 junoniae, Columba 38

Jaguar 140 jesswiseae, Jardinella 1 16 junori, Eleutherodactylus 67 Jaguarundi, Texas 223 jewetti, Farula 255 Juscelinomys 24, 143 jamaicensis, Plicatoperipatus 171 Jewfish 82 juvencus, Sundasciurus 22 jamesae, Beloneuria 254 jimenensis, Trochoidea 175 juvenisanguis, Moitessieria 1 16 jamesi classensi, Lepidochrysops 252 jobiensis, Rattus 145 kaaeana, Partulina 213 jamesi jamesi, Lepidochrysops 252 joffrei, Pipistrellus 13 kaapori, Cebus 15 jamesi, Phoenicopterus 31 johannae, Coregonus 183 kaboboensis, Apalis 1 98 jamoerensis, Varia 83 johannae, Tangara 163 kabylica, Myrmica 101 janaslini, Glyptorhagada 173 johannis, Carduelis 56 kachuga, Kachuga 64 janetta, Bathyergus 145 johannis, Pleurobema 1 1 Kachuga 64, 166, 200 jankowskii, Emberiza 54 johnii, Trachypithecus 15 Kadarsanomys 143 janthina, Columba 151 johnsoni, Pseudomys 144 kaempferi, Hemitriccus 47 japonensis, Grus 36 johnstonei, Otomops 13 kaestneri, Grallaria 46 Japonia 210 johnstoni, Galaxias 76 Kagu 37 japonica, Bombycilla 157 johnstoni, Genetta 195 kahularae, Hoplodactylus 165 japonica, Geoemyda 64 johnstoni, Okapia 141 kahuziensis, Dendromus 143 japonica, Luehdorpa 171 johnstoniae, Trichoglossus 41 kailolae, Craterocephalus lAi japonicus, Andrias 68 johorensis, Chaerephon 139 Kaiser-I-Hind 171

306 14

Kaiser-I-Hind, Golden 208 Keelback, Boonsong's200 Kingfisher, Blue-capped 44 Kaka, New Zealand 41 Keelback, Smith's Mountain 200 Kingfisher, Blyth's44 Kaka, Norfolk Island 181 keiensis, Oligolepis 169 Kingfisher, Brown-winged 153 Kakapo 181 kelioides, Encheloclarias 76 Kingfisher, Chestnut-bellied 44 kalalauensis, Carelia 189 kelleyi, Macronous 159 Kingfisher, Cinnamon-banded 154 Kalania 251 kelsoensis, Ammopelmatus 108 Kingfisher, Indigo-banded 153 kalawatseti, Oregonichthys 168 kelsoensis, Macrobaenetes 108 Kingfisher, Lazuli 44 Kaliella 125 kemali, Hemigrammocapoeta 243 Kingfisher, Mangaia44 kalimna, Zonocypretta 97 kempi, Pedostibes 66 Kingfisher, Marquesan 44 kalinowskii, Dasyprocta 197 kempii, Lepidochelys 63 Kingfisher, Moustached44 kalinowskii, Gracilinanus 193 kempseyensis, Rhophodon 214 Kingfisher, Philippine 44 kalinowskii, Mormopterus 13 A'^nfaa 256 Kingfisher, Rufous-lored44 kalinowskii, Nothoprocta 29 KENKIIDAE 192,256 Kingfisher, Ryukyu 246 Kaluga 70 kentuckiensis, Orconectes 94 Kingfisher, Silvery 44 Kingfisher, Kamao 51 kenyacola, Chalinolobus 194 Sombre 154 Kingfisher, Spotted 153 kamtschaticus, Arctodiaptomus 91 kenyoni, Phalacrocorax 198 Kingfisher, Talaud kanabense, Oxyloma 128 Keppe, Leka 86 154 Kingfisher, Tuamotu 44 kanawhae, Etheostoma 169 ten, Sericomis 132 kingi, Cylindrovertilla 245 Kandar 74 Kerivoula 12, 138, 194 kingsburyae, Aglaodiaptomus 91 Kangaroo, Eastern Grey 220 kermanensis, Microlus 25 Kinixys 166, 200 Kangaroo, Western Grey 220 icrri, Agrotis 186 kinlochi, Aaadonta 214 Kangaroo-rat, Morro Bay 231 kerriae, Crypturellus 29 KINOSTERNIDAE 64, 166 kapalgensis, Taphozous 10 kerschneri. Hauffenia 116 Kapcypriodopsis 97 Kinostemon 64, 166 kershawi, Beddomeia 1 1 kintorei, Egernia 60 kaplani, Aloeides 102 kervillei, Strongylognathus 102 Kioea 181 kaplani, Poecilmitis 103 kessleri, Gobio 202 kirbyi, Parantica 14A kaplani, Thestor 103 kessleri, Neogobius 206 kirki, Chytra 119 kaputarensis, Cralopa 214 kessneri, Beddomeia 114 kinlandii, Dendroica 55 karamojae, Apalis 49 Kestrel, Lesser 33 kishinouyei, Eumeces 165 karawajevi, Strongylognathus 102 Kestrel, Mauritius 34 kisserensis, Philemon 199 karenae, Sphaerolana 97 Kestrel, Seychelles 33 kissi, Tropodiaptomus 92 kargesi, Streptocephalus 207 ATerupa 42, 152 kitae, Neotrichia 254 karkloof capensis, Charaxes 253 keyensis, Rhinolophus 1 kitaiwojimanum, Elasmias 120 karlkoopmani, Chiropodomys 23 fa'ang holdereri, Equus 242 kitcheneri, Pipistrellus 139 karlschmidtii, Eleutherodactylus 67 fa'ang kiang, Equus 225 Kite, Jamaican 105 Karocolens 248 ii'ang polyodon, Equus 225 Kite, Red 242 karokorum, Vespericola 215 Kiang, Eastern 242 Kite, Square-tailed 33 kasaicus, Mus 25 Kiang, Southern 225 Kittiwake, Red-legged 38 kasneri, Scelotes 61 Kiang, Western 225 Kiunga 78 katalo, Puntius 74 kibalensis, Zoothera 242 kivuana, Crocidura 6 Katapa-tapa 74 Kidneyshell, Southern 112 Kiwaia 252 Katechonemertes 128 Kidneyshell, Triangular 1 12 Kiwi, Brown 29 katherina, Acanthiza 1 32 kieferi, Elaphoidella 96 Kiwi, Great Spotted 29 Katolo 74 kieferi, Stygodiaptomus 92 Kiwi, Little Spotted 29 Katrana 243 kieneri, Paretroplus 85 Kiyi 77 Katria 86 kieneri, Teramulus 205 kiyi, Coregonus 77 Katydid, Antioch Dunes Shieldbackl87 kikuchii, Volemys 27 kiyokoae, Kondoraphe 212 Katydid, Big Pine Key Conehead 109 kikuzatoi, Opisthotropis 61 klagesi, Myrmolherula 155 Katydid, Keys Short-winged Conehead kiliani, Cheirodon 203 klagesi, Parides 208 109 kilimensis, Tropodiaptomus 92 klassika, Ideopsis 244 Katydid, Middlekaufs Shieldbackl09 KJllifish 243 klatti, Tylognathus 203 Katydid, Nihoa Banza Conehead 109 Kjllifish, Ash Meadows 184 klazenfurtensis, Graziana 116 Katydid, Remote Conehead 109 Killifish, Caprivi 79 kleinmanni, Testudo 65 Katydid, Santa Monica Shieidbackl09 Killifish, Scaleless 205 kleinschmidti, Erythrura 57 Kauai, Fabulous Green Sphinx of 186 Killifish, Waccamaw 80 kleinzellensis, Iglica 116 kauaiensis, Nesomimesa 251 kiloana, Spelaseorchestia 90 klemmi, Pseudamnicola 116 kauaiensis, Nesopupa 216 kilusa, Apaturopsis 253 Klipfish, Bot River 87 kauaiensis, Nesotocus 248 Kimberleyeleotris 169 Klipspringer 131 kaufmanni, Pseudoscaphirhynchus 70 kimberleyensis, Barbus 71 Klipspringer, Western 229 Kawanphila 109 kimberleyensis, Hypseleotris 169 klossii, Hylobates 16 Kayasi, Dere 72 kimberleyensis, Syncomistes 169 kluchorica, Sicista 197 kazbegica, Sicista 197 Kimboraga 122 kneri, Chondrostoma 202 kaznakovi, Vipera 62 Kimminsoperla 254 Knipolegus 156 Kea 152 kinabaluensis, Spilomis 198 Knipowitschia 87, 206 keadicus, Leuciscus 72 King-parrot, Moluccan 151 knorri, Archachatina 213 keayi, Gallicolumba 39 Kingbird, Giant 47 knudseni, Carelia 189 Kedestes 252 Kingfisher, Blue-black 154

307 8

Koa-finch. Greater 181 kraemeri, Spilocuscus 241 LABIDURIDAE 99 Koa-finch, Lesser 181 krameri. Umbra 76 labiosa, Paratherina 78 Koala 135 kratochvilli. Strongylognalhus 102 labiosus. Cyprinodon 79 koarona, Ruatara 123 kraussei, Epimyrma 100 labordi, Furcifer 59

Kob 131 krefftii. Lasiorhinus 4 labradorius, Camptorhynchus 179 kob kob. Kobus 229 kreitneri, Fenouilia 1 1 LABRIDAE 87 kob leucotis. Kobus 229 kretseri. Malpulutta 132 labridens, Cichlasoma 85 kob thomasi. Kobus 229 krishnai, Horaglanis 76 Labrochromis 184 Kob, Buffon's 229 kronei, Phylloscartes 47 labrusca. Partula 191 kob. Kobus 131 kronei, Pimelodella 204 Lacconectus 248, 249 Kob. Uganda 229 krueperi devta. Pieris 253 Lacconectus 248, 249 Kob, White-eared 229 krumholzi, Gambusia 80 laccophiloides. Lacconectus 249 kobayashii. Eptesicus 194 kruyti. Adrianichthys 80 Lace-lid, Australian 66 kobelti. Cryptazeca 123 krybetes. Beddomeia 114 lacera. Lagochila 183 Kobus 130, 131. 141,229 kubaryi. Palaina 210 lacemulata. Leucoptemis 33 kochi, Pitta 47 kubaryi. Corvus 58 Lacerta 60, 165, 200, 234, 243 kocinus, Ramiheithrus 255 kubaryi. Gallicolumba 39 LACERTIDAE 60, 165, 200, 234, 243, 246 Kodkod 16 kubaryi. Kubaryiellus 1\A lacertosa. Woodfordia 161 koepckeae, Cacicus 56 Kubaryia 210 lacheineri, Graziana 244 koepckeae. Phaethomis 153 Kubaryiellus 214 lachneri, Noturus 75 Kogia 242 kubokaiya, Macromia 106 Lachnolaimus 87 kohchangae. Rana 201 A:uda, Hippocampus 81 laciniosa. Actinella 215 kohni. Conus 213 Kudu, Greater 131 lacon. Euploea 104 Kokako 58 Kudu, Lesser 131 lactea. Polioptila 160 KOKIRIIDAE 254 kuehni. Myzomela 199 lacus-coerulei, Tasmanophlebia 99 Kokopu, Giant 76 kuehni, Zosterops 162 lacustra. Capnia 254 Kokopu, Shortjawed 76 kuekenthali. Parantica 104 Lacustrelix 173 kollari. Synallaxis 45 kuesteri. Trochomorpha 217 lacustris. Craterocephalus 78 kolleruensis, Heliodiaptomus 92 iuft/i, Aai/j 20 lacustris. Melanotaenia 78 komadori. Erilhacus 158 tuWi, Callithrix 241 lacustris, Paranaspides 90 Komarekiona 109 ^uA/w 244 lacustris, Symolopsis 119 109 KOMAREKIONIDAE kuhlii. Vini 41 lacustris, Taskropsyche 254 komenskyi. Belgrandiella 211 KUHLIIDAE 244 ladigesi. Telmatherina 79 61 komodoensis. Varanus kuhlmanni. Liolaemus 199 Ladigesocypris 72 24 Komodomys kuhni. Liberiictis 17 Ladronellum 214 A:omJ, Chloridops 181 kuhnsi. Perdicella 213 Laephotis 12, 138 kondana, Millardia 25 kulalensis, Zosterops 54 /ae/o, Elimia 117 Kondoa 217 Kulan 225 laetissima, Pseudocampylaea 190 Kondoconcha 123 Kulan, Gobi 225 laevigata. Georissa 209 kondoi. Paramiella 212 Kulan, North Mongolian 225 laevigata. Leiostyla 127 Kondoraphe 212 Kultarr 193 laevigata. Omphalotropis 210 kondorum. Hongolua 217 Kululu 86 laeviusculus, Oclandius 248 kondorum. Kondoa 217 kummerloewei. Hemidiaptomus 207 lafresnayanus. Gallirallus 36 Konia 85 kunigamiensis. Oligoaeschna 106 lagdeni. Malaconotus 157 85 Konye jtunii, Monodelphis 3 Lagenodelphis 195 Kookaburra, Shovel-billed 198 Kunsia 24 Lagenorhynchus 195, 242 koolanensis. 122 Kimboraga ^upea 253 Lagidium 145 koopmani. Ratlus 145 kupeensis. Telophorus 49 lagniappe. Procambarus 95 kooringensis. Glyplorhagada 122 Kupeomis 51, 159 Lagocephalus 207 koratense. Lygosoma 200 kurodai, Nobuea 210 Lagochila 183 koreanus. Strongylognalhus 102 jfewroivvae, Goniosaurus 59 LAGOMORPHA 28, 146, 179, 197,233, kororensis. Semperdon 214 Kusaiea 215 242 Korrigum 228 kusaieana, Sinployea 214 Lagonosticta 163 koslowi, Babax 158 kuschei, Nesosydne 251 Lagorchestes 4, 135, 177, 219, 220 koslowi. Emberiza 162 kusnotoi. Megaerops 9 Lagostrophus 4, 220 koslowi. Ochotona 28 kutikina. Phrantela 116 Lagothrix 15,222,241 kosswigi. Turcinemacheilus 203 kutteri, Chalepoxenus 100 lagotis. Macrotis 4 Kosswigichthys 205 kulteri. Doronomyrmex 100 lagotricha cana, Lagothrix 222 kosteri. Tryonia 212 kutteri, Teleutomyrmex 102 lagolricha lugens. Lagothrix 222 Kotso 85 Kyidris 100 lagotricha poeppigii. Lagothrix 222 Kotsovato 85 labeamajor. Probarbus 203 lagotricha. Lagothrix 241 kottae. Tilapia 86 labeaminor. Probarbus 203 laidlawi, Epiophlebia 106 kottelati. Tondanichthys 81 Labeo, Green 72 /ail, Neodiaptomus 92 Kouprey 20 Lafceo 72 lakedownensis. Leggadina 143 Kowari 3 I labialis, Austrelaps 61 Lalage 157 kozlovi. Salpingolus 143 labialis, Delma 60 Lama 226 kozlovi. Sorex 1 Labidura 99 Lambis 212

308 I 1 1 1 2 1

lamellata, Diplommatina 210 laniger, Avahi 241 lateralis, Rheocles 205 lamellicosta, Taheitia 212 laniger, Dryomys 145 Laterallus 36, 149 Lamellidea 120, 188,213 lanigera. Chinchilla 28 laternarius, Pegasus 81 lamellosa, Leiostyla 191 LANIIDAE 48, 157 latesignata obliviosa, Cicindela 248 Laminella 121 Laniisoma 46, 246 lathami, Calyptorhynchus 40 laminirostris, Andigena 1 54 lanio, Meladema 98 Lathamus 41 lamlanensis, Himeroconcha 214 lanioides, Lipaugus 46 Lathrotriccus 47 Lamna 69 Lanistes 113, 114, 173,210 Latiaxis 173 LAMNIDAE 69 Lanius 48, 157 Laticauda 62 Lamnifera 123 lankae, Labeo 72 laticincta, Platysteira 52 LAMNIFORMES 69 lanosa, Crocidura 241 lalicosta, Omphalotropis 210 lamonei, Hipposideros 194 Lantzia 113 latidens, Anoura 137 lamottei, Micropotamogale 5 lanuginosa, Pheidole 101 Latidens 9 Lamottemys 24 lanyoni, Phylloscartes 47 latifasciata, Astatotilapia 84 Lampadia 125 lanzai, Salamandra 69 latifasciata, Euploea 244 Lampedusa 123 laotum, Trachypithecus 194 latifasciatus, Cyprinodon 183 167, Lampetra 183, 201, 246 laperouse, Megapodius 34 latifii, Vipera 62 Lampmussel, Alabama 1 1 lapicida, Mordacia 201 latifolius, Phyllostomus 137

Lampmussel, Yellow 1 1 lapponicus disjunctus, Dytiscus 248 latifrons, Microhierax 149 lampra, Myrmica 101 Lapwing, Grey-headed 150 latifrons, Mugilogobius 87 Lamprey, Brook 167 Lapwing, Javanese 180 latilabris, Omphalotropis 210 Lamprey, Carpathian Brook 167 Lapwing, Sociable 37 latimaculata, Rhinocypha 106 Lamprey, Greek Brook 69 /ar, Hylobates 140 Latimeria 88 Lamprey, Kern Brook 1 67 Larga, Cachorrito de Dorsal 80 LATIMERIIDAE 88 Lamprey, Lake 201 Largemouth, Lowveld 132 latipes, Acanthomyops 99 Lamprey, Lombardy Brook 69 Largemouth, Orange-fringed 84 latipes, Borbonibis 179 Lamprey, Miller Lake 183 laricis, Oecanthus 108 latipleurum, Procambarus 95 Lamprey, Non-parasitic 69 LARIDAE 38, 131, 150, 180 latipunctata, Poecilia 80 Lamprey, Pacific 246 Larisi-us 22, 142 latirostris, Calyptorhynchus 40 Lamprey, River 167 Lark, Archer's 48 latissimus, Dytiscus 98 Lamprey, Ukranian Brook 201 Lark, Ash's 48 latistriata, Stachyris 52 Lamprey, Vladykov's 167 Lark, Botha's 48 latona, Crocidura 6 Lamprocystis 124,215 Lark, Degodi 48 /a/05 concavus, Empetrichthys 247 lamproides, Tasmaphena 127 Lark, Friedmann's 157 /aro5 /aIo.s, Empetrichthys 247 Lamprolia 51 Lark, Obbia 157 latos pahrump, Empetrichthys 247 lampropeltis lampropeltis, Lark, Raso 47 Latoucheomis 162 Erpetogomphus 238 Lark, Red 47 /arro, Birgus 207 lampropeltis, Erpetogomphus 244 Lark, Rudd's 48 /a/TO, Ctenomys 145 Lamprophis 61, 165 Lark, Sclater's 157 laucaensis, Orestias 168 Lamprotomis 164 Lark, Short-clawed 157 laucaensis, Trichomycterus 168 Lampsilis 1 1 1, 172, 238, 255 Lark, Sidamo 48 laudabilis. Icterus 163 LAMPYRIDAE 249 Lark, Williams's 157 Laughingthrush, Ashy-headed 50 lanaiensis, Drosophila 185 larselli, Plethodon 201 Laughingthrush, Barred 159 lanaiensis, Myadestes 51 Larus 38, 131, 150 Laughingthrush, Black-hooded 50 lanaiensis, Oliarus 251 larvata, Sabanjewia 168 Laughingthrush, Brown-capped 198 lananensis, Fusconaia 172 larvatus, Nasalis 15 Laughingthrush. Chestnut-backed 159 lanaoensis, Puntius 74 laseroni, Georissa 1 1 Laughingthrush, Collared 50 lanatus, Caluromys 135 LASIOCAMPIDAE 102, 208 Laughingthrush, Grey 159 Lance, Altamaha 172 Lasiopodomys 143 Laughingthrush, Grey-breasted 159 Lance, Yellow 172 lasiopterus, Nyctalus 138 Laughingthrush, Red-tailed 159 Lancehead, Golden 62 Lasiorhinus 4 Laughingthrush, Red-winged 159 lancelini, Lasiurus 12, 245 Ctenotus 60 138, Laughingthrush, Rufous-breasted 159 lanceolata, lasius, 17 Elliptio 172 Bassaricyon Laughingthrush, Rufous-fronted 159 lanceolata, Micromonacha 154 Lasius 100 Laughingthrush, Snowy-cheekedSO lanceolatus, Epinephelus 82 Lasmigona 111, 172,238 Laughingthrush, Spot-breasted 159 lanceolatus, Potamonectes 249 lata, Hemistena 1 1 Laughingthrush, Striped 159 lanceolatus, Spizaetus 148 latastei, Rana 167 Laughingthrush, White-speckledSO lancifer, Pegasus 205 latens, Spirorbula 125 Laughingthrush, Wynaad 159 langbianis. Crocias 50 lateralis , Petrogale 220 Laughingthrush, Yellow-throated 159 langei, Hyla 201 lateralis euryxanthus, Masticophis 246 launcestonensis, Anoglypta 123 langei, Onchobarus 248 lateralis hacketti, Petrogale 220 launcestonensis, Beddomeia 1 14 langfordi, Partula 127 lateralis lateralis, Petrogale 220 laurae, Myrmica 101 langi, Pseudocordylus 165 lateralis pearsoni, Petrogale 220 Lauria 127 langstoni langstoni, Shijimiaeoides252 lateralis wortmanni, Spermophilus 23 laurina, Ningbingia 122 Langur, Golden 194 lateralis, Characodon 80 laurinea, Leiostyla 133 Laniarius 48, 157 lateralis, Diplommatina 210 lavali, Thyroptera 11 laniger, Antechinomys 193 lateralis, Petrogale 241 lavaretus, Coregonus 204

309 1 1 3

Lavigera 119 Leiostyla 127, 133, 191,216,245 lentiginosus, Craterocephalus 168 lawrencei, Cordylus 165 Leipoa 34 Lentipes 87, 206 layardi, Megapodius 34 leisleri, Nyctalus 138 leo persica, Panthera 223

layardi, Ptilinopus 151 leitheuseri, Procambarus 95 leo, Antechinus 1 35 layardii, Mesoplodon 196 leithii, Aspideretes 166 leo, Panthera 16 laysanensis, Agrotis 186 lekaguli, Hipposideros 136 leonard montana, Hesperia 252 laysanensis, Anas 32 lemasnei, Myrmica 101 leonardi, Anomochilus 200 laysanensis, Hedylepta 186 lembeyei, Polioptila 160 leonardi, Austrocordulia 106

laysanensis, Hypena 1 86 Lemiox 1 1 leonensis, Afrithelphusa 95 laysanensis, Oedemasylus 185 lemkei, Rhizoplagiodonlia 179 leonina, Peripatopsis 187 lazuli, Todirhamphus 44 lemmeri, Lithophane 253 leoninum, Argiagrion 106 leacockiana, Discula 124 Lemming, Kansas Bog 233 leontica, Prinia 52 leadbeateri, Cacatua 152 Lemming, Nebraska Bog 233 Leontopithecus 14 leadbeateri, Gymnobelideus 5 Lemming, Ogilvie Mountains Collared Leopard, Amur 223 Leaf-warbler, Hainan 51 197 Leopard, Anatolian 224 Leaf-warbler, Ijima's51 Lemming, St. Lawrence Island Collared Leopard, Clouded 16 Leaf-warbler, San Cristobal 160 197 Leopard, Javan 223 Leaf-warbler, Sombre 5 Lemming, Umnak Island Collared 232 Leopard, North African 223 Unalaska Leaf-warbler, Tytler's 160 Lemming, Island Collared232 Leopard, North Chinese 223 lemmingii, Leafbird, Blue-masked 157 Rutilus 74 Leopard, North Persian 223 Leafbird, Philippine 48 lemniscatus, Liolaemus 199 Leopard, Snow 16 Leafhopper, Red-veined Prairie251 Lemniscia 125, 133,215 Leopard, South Arabian 223 Leafshell 187 Lemniscomys 24, 143, 197 Leopard, Sri Lankan 223 Leafshell, Cumberland 187 lemosi, Cypseloides 43 leopardina, Helicarion 125 Leafwing, Andaman 253 Lemur, Alaotran Gentle 220 leopardinus. Liolaemus 199 Leafwing, Rorida 253 Lemur, Black 13,220 Leopardus 140, 223, 241 leahi, Cenophantis 186 Lemur, Broad-nosed Gentle 14 Leopoldamys 24 leahi, Lemur, Nesosydne 251 Brown 241 leopoldi, Catostomus 75 leai cheatumi, Lemur, Collared 220 Stenotrema 239 leopoldvillensis, Bellamya 120 Lemur, Crowned 1 leander, Anolomys 23 lepida intermedia, Neotoma 233 leari, Lemur, Flying 8 Anodorhynchus 40 lepida, Leptachatina 121 Leatherback Lemur, Fork-marked 139 63 lepida, Marmtssa 135 leche Lemur, Golden Bamboo 14 kafuensis, Kobus 229 Lepidoblepharis 59 leche leche, Lemur, Greater Sportive 241 Kobus 229 Lepidocephalichthys 14 leche robertsi, Lemur, Grey Gentle 241 Kobus 229 Lepidochelys 63 Lemur, Grey-backed Sportive 14 leche smithemani, Kobus 229 Lepidochrysops 252 leche, Kobus 131 Lemur, Hairy -eared Dwarf 13 Lepidochrysops 103, 170, 186,252 Lechriodus Lemur, Light-necked Sportive241 167 Lepidodactylus 59 Lechwe 131 Lemur, Mayotte 245 Lepidogalaxias 168 Lechwe, Black 229 Lemur, Milne-Edwards' Sportive 241 LEPIDOGALAXIIDAE 168 Lechwe, Kafue 229 Lemur, Mongoose 13 Lepidomeda 72, 183, 246 Lechwe, Nile 141 Lemur, Northern Sportive 14 LEPIDOPTERA 102, 170, 186, 208, 237, Lechwe, Red 229 lemur, Peltophryne 66 244, 252 Lechwe, Roberts' 229 Lemur, Red-bellied 14 Lepidopyga 43 ledanli, Sitta 53 Lemur, Red-fronted 241 Lepidostoma 254 Lednia 254 Lemur, Red-tailed Sportive 241 Lemur, LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE 254 Leech, Medicinal 171 Ring-tailed 14 Lemur, Ruffed lepidothorax, Schizothorax 74 leechi, Chaetarthria 14 249 Lepidurus 97 Lemur, Sanford's 220 leechi, Hydroporus 248 lepidus, Lemur, Sclater's 220 Natalus 137 lefevrei, Dysnomia 187 Lemur, Western Gentle 220 Lepilemur 14, 241 lefkodemonaki, Niphargobates 90 Lemur, White-collared 220 Lepomis 247 legatus, Diplothrix 143 Lemur, White-footed Sportive241 LEPORIDAE 28, 146, 197, 234, 242 legendrei, Ratsirakia 244 Lemur, White-fronted 241 leporides, Lagorchestes 177 Leggadina 143 Lemur, White-rumped Black 15 Leporillus 24, 178 leguati, Aphanapteryx 1 80 Lemur, Woolly 241 leprosa, Canariella 133 Leguminaia 255 Lemur 14 Leptachatina 121 lehuiensis, Achatinella 188 LEMURIDAE 13,220,241,245 Leptailurus lli leichhardti, Scleropages 167 lemurinus griseimembra. Actus 221 leptalea, Helenoconcha 189 Leimacomys 24 lemurinus lemurinus, Aotus 221 Leptasthenura 45, 155 Leiocephalus 182 lemurinus, Aotus 14 Leptaxis 125, 239 LEIODIDAE 99 lemuroides, Hemibelideus 135 LEPTESTHERIIDAE 92 Leiolopisma 60, 182 lendi, Nemacheilus 203 Leptichnus 215 Leiopelma 66, 167,243 lendu, Muscicapa 51 Leptinaria 175 LEIOPELMATIDAE 66, 167, 243 lenior, Dysnomia 187 Leptobotia 203 leiopomus, Coitus 82 lenior, Epioblasma 110 Leptocaris 96 Leiopotherapon 168, 169 Lenoxus 143 LEPTOCERIDAE 187,254 Leiostyla 245 lenticula, Percina 84 leptoceros, Gazella 21

310 t 9 8 8

leptochila, Partula 191 leucochrysella, Coleophora 186 Levuarm 187 LEPTODACTYLIDAE 66. 201, 243 Leucocythere 98 Lewinia 36 Leptodactylus 201 leucodon, Nannospalax 25 lewisi, Prodontria 99 Leptodea 172 leucodon, Spalax 27 lewisii, Epioblasma 110 leplodemas, Megalagrion 106 leucogaster durranti, Onchomys 233 lewisii, Gyrotoma 117 leplodon, Leptodea \11 leucogaster durranti, Onychomys 233 lewisii?, Dysnomia 187 Leplogomphus 107 leucogaster, Cephalophus 141 lewyana, Podocnemis 65 Leptogryllus 187 leucogaster. Sorex 1 Lexingtonia 111, 172 Leptomys 24 leucogastra. Dendrocitta 164 leytensis, Ceoemyda 64 LEPTONETIDAE 207 leucogenis. Pyrrhula 163 leytensis, Micromacronus 51 Leptonycteris II leucogenys, Cichlopsis 158 Iherminieri, Cichlherminia 158 Leptopelis 66 leucogenys, Hylobates 195 Ihoesti, Cercopithecus 140 Leptoperla 109 leucogeranus, Grus 36 Ihuysii, Lophophorus 35 Leptopoecile 159 leucognaphalus, Corvus 58 Liardetia 124, 215 Leptoptilos 31 leucogrammica, Ptilocichla 160 LIAREIDAE 212 leptorhynchus, Enicognathus 152 leucolaemus, Odontophorus 149 Libellula 107 Leptosittaca 41 leucolepis, Phyllastrephus 48 LIBELLULIDAE 107, 187, 208, 238, 244 leptosomus, Brachypteracias 44 Leucopeza 56 Libellulosoma 106 leptostictus, Caseolus 133 leucophaeus leucophaeus, Mandrillus Li6cra 189 leptosus, Pseudomyrmex 101 111 liberatus, Laniarius 48 leptotera, Trochogyra 214 leucophaeus mundamensis, Mandrillus liberiana, Bellamya 120 Leptothorax 100 111 liberiensis heslopi, Hexaprotodon lib Leptotila 39, 151 leucophaeus poensis, Mandrillus 111 liberiensis, Brachythemis 107 Leptoxis 118, 188 leucophaeus, Collocalia 43 liberiensis, Hexaprotodon 20 lepturus, Habromys 143 leucophaeus, Hippotragus 178 Liberiictis 17 LepHi 28, 146, 197,242 leucophaeus, Mandrillus 15 Libythea 186 Lepyrium 116 leucophaeus, Speirops 53 LIBYTHEIDAE 186 Lerista, Allan's 60 leucophthalmus, Larus 38 /(c/ta, Dalatias 69 Lerista, Mount Cooper Striped 60 leucopis, Attapetes 162 lichenifer, Gymnopholus 98 Lerista 60 leucopogonis, Ceriferella 251 lichenigera, Oligosoma 61 lermaense, Ambystoma 68 Leucopsar 57 Lichenostomus 132, 162 leroyi fasciata, Pseudoglessula 240 leucoptera, Henicorhina 158 Lichmera 162, 199 lervia omatus, Ammotragus 245 leucoptera, Prosobonia 180 Lichnanthe 250 lervia, Ammotragus 20 Leucoptemis 33, 148 lichtensteinii, Alcelaphus 130 leseuri, Myotis 12 leucopterus, Dendrocopos 154 /W//zi, Garrulus 58 lesliei, Cambarellus 93 leucopterus, Platysmurus 164 /('emi, Taudactylus 67 LESTIDAE 107 leucopterus, Pteropus 9 lievreana, Westraltrachia \11

Lestodelphys 3 leucopterus, Serinus 163 ligata, Leptoxis 1 1 lesueur graii, Bettongia 219 leucopus ammodytes, Peromyscus 233 lignaria, Paryphanta 216 lesueur lesueur, Bettongia 219 leucopus, Lepilemur 241 Ligumia Ml lesueur, Bettongia 4 leucopus, Saguinus 14 lihue, Oliarus 251 lesueuri, Litoria 243 leucopus, Sminthopsis 193 Wa, Achatinella 120 letha, Austroassiminea 114 leucoraphe, Bridouxiana 1 1 lilfordi, Podarcis 60 Lethe 253 leucorrhaphe, Achatinella 120 LILJEBORGIIDAE 90 Lef/ie 253 Leucorrhinia 238, 244 lilliae, Lepidopyga 43 Lethenteron 69 leucoryphus, Haliaeetus 33 Lilliput, Pale 255 letholepis, Poblana 78 leucoryphus, Platyrinchus 47 Lilliput, Purple 255 letitiae, Popelairia 198 leucoryx. Oryx 21 Lilliput, Savannah 255 letnica, Salmo 11 leucospila, Rallina 198 //ma, Fundulus 243

Leto 252 leucostephes, Melidectes 162 //ma, Lithasia 1 1 Letomola 214 Leucosticte 199 LIMACIDAE 175,215 letoumeuxi, Valencia 80 leucotaenia, Papilio 105 limae, Picumnus 45 lettiensis, Solegnathus 82 leucothoe, Partula 111 lirrmtula, Nesopupa 216 leucas, Delphinapterus 18 leucotis, Acerodon 8 limbata albissima, Cicindela 248 Leucaspius 202 Leuctra 254 limbatus, Carcharhinus 69 Leuchocharis 126 LEUCTRIDAE 254 limbatus, Rhantus 249 leucichthys leucichthys, Stenodus 236 leucura, Macrotis 177 LIMNADIIDAE 92 leucichthys, Stenodus 204 leucurus, Monarcha 159 Limnebius 249 255 leucippe, Callithrix 14 leukops, Rheodytes 62 LIMNEPHILIDAE Leuciscus 243 leuraensis, Eulamprus 60 Limnephilus 255 Limnocythere 98 Leuciscus 72, 167, 183, 202 leuserssp., Bettongia 219 98 leucocephala, Amazona 151 levassori, Graphium 105 LIMNOCYTHERIDAE 150 leucocephala, Mycteria 147 levilineata, Partula 191 Limnodromus Limnogale 5 leucocephala, Oxyura "il levipes, Oryzomys 144 Limnomis 155 leucocephalus, Aceros 44 /evii, Dupontia 124 Limnotrochus 119 leucocephalus, Tachyeres 147 levistriata, Partula 191 Lirrwsa 150 Leucocharis 190 levraudi. Laterallus 36

311 8 1 1

locardi. Moitessieria 116 Limpet, Australian Freshwater 1 13 lithaca, Branchinella 91 Limpet, Eelgrass 187 Lithasia 118 lodderae, Beddomeia 114 LIMULIDAE 171,209 Lilhoglyphus 188 Loddigesia 43 Limulus 171 lithognathus, Lithognatus 132 Lodero, Cachonito 79 lindberghi, Akodon 23 Lithognatus 132 loewensteini, Lepidochrysops 103 Linderiella, California 169 Lithophane 253 Loggerhead 62 Underiella 169 Litocranius 131 Logperch, Blotchside 84 LINDERIELLIDAE 91, 169 litoralis, Nesopupa 216 Logperch, Conasauga 84 Lindog 74 Z,(7on<2 66, 166, 235, 243 Logperch, Roanoke 84 lindog, Puntius 74 Litthabilella 116 lohbergeri, Sarotherodon 86 lindsayi, Actenoides 153 littoralis, Formicivora 46 lomii, Typhlosaurus 61 linearis, Macrancylus 185 litloralis, Lepidochrysops 103 Lonchophylla 1 lineata pinguicolla, Tympanocryptis littoralis, Urocyon 129 Lonchorhina 11, 1 37 234 Littoraria 188 Lonchura 57, 163 lineata, Mogurnda 244 Littoridina 188 Longbill, Pulitzer's 51 Longclaw, Abyssinian 157 lineata, Paratherina 78 littorina, Hirthia 119 Longclaw, lineata, Rhyacophila 255 LITTORINIDIDAE 188 Grimwood's 157 Longclaw, Sharpe's 157 lineata, Stenopsychodes 255 /i'mj, Chaetodon 84 longianalis, Bedotia 204 lineatus, Acanthiops 60 liventer, Butastur 148 longiantenna, Branchinecta 91 lineifrons, Grallaricula 155 //vrt/fl, Achalinella 1 88 longicauda, Embemagra 162 lineolata euzieriana, Macrogastra 239 /iViVfa, Be/ra 88 longicaudata, Microgale 241 lineolata, EUipsaria 172 lividus, Carunculina 255 longicaudatus, Hapalomys 143 lineolata, Moitessieria 173 lividus, Haplochromis 184 longicaudatus, 7 lineolatus, Hacrochlamys 124 livingstonii, Pteropus 9 Myosorex longicaudatus, 178 lineoiatus, Oxychilus 128 Lfea 86 Notomys Linh-duong 22 Lizard, Abbott's Crested 199 longicaudatus, Spelaeornis 52 linnellii, Sarotherodon 86 Lizard, Armadillo Girdled 59 longicaudis longicaudis, Lutra 245 Linnet, Warsangli 56 Lizard, Beaded 59 longicaudis, Gracilirmnus 193 linophora, Harmogenanirm 190 Lizard, Black Legless 246 longicaudus bernardinus, Microtus Til Linsang, Leighton's 224 Lizard, Blunt-nosed Leopard 60 longicaudus coronarius, Microtus 232 lintneri, Williamsonia 106 Lizard, Coachella Valley Fringe-toed60 longicaudus leucophaeus, Microtus 232 lintoni, Myiophobus 156 Lizard, Filfola 246 Longicorn, Cerambyx 98 LINYPHIIDAE 88 Lizard, Giant Girdled 59 Longicorn, Rosalia 98 Liobagrus 76 Lizard, Hierro Giant 60 longicomis, Otus 42 liocephalus, Calotes 59 Lizard, Iberian Rock 243 longidorsalis. Cyprinodon 183 Liocichla, Omei Shan 51 Lizard, Ibiza Wall 60 longimembris bangsi, Perognathus 232 Liocichla 51 Lizard, Island Night 61 longimembris brevinasus, Perognathus Liocypris 185 Lizard, Lang's Crag 165 232 Liolaemus 60, 199 Lizard, Lawrence's Girdled 165 longimembris intemationalis, Liomys 142 Lizard, Lilford's Wall 60 Perognathus 232 Lion 16 Lizard, McLachlan's Girdled 59 longimembris pacificus, Perognathus Lion, Asiatic 223 Lizard, Namaqua Plated 165 Til Lion, Australian Sea 242 Lizard, Panamint Alligator 59 longimembris, Perognathus 23 Lion, Galapagos Sea 224 Lizard, Sail-fin 199 longipennis, Neduba 109 Lion, Hooker's Sea 17 Lizard, Saint Croix Ground 61 longipes, Canthocamptus 96 Lion, Steller's Sea 17 Lizard, San Diego Horned 246 longipes, Crocidura 6 Liophis 61 Lizard, Southern Rock 243 longipes, Ingolfiella 90 Lioplax, Cylindrical 120 Lizard, Soutpansberg Flat 165 longipes, Myotis 194 Lioplax 120 Lizard, Soutpansberg Rock 165 longipes, Nesosydne 251 Lioptilus 159 Lizard, Spineless Forest 59 longipes, Potorous 4 liorus liorus, Chasmistes 246 Lizard, Spiny Crag 165 longipes, Stygobromus 89 Striped Legless liorus mictus, Chasmistes 246 Lizard, 60 longipes, Tupaia 8 Lizard, Tennent's Leaf-nosed59 Liosaccus 88 longipes, Xenicus 1 8 256 Liparia 71 lizardensis, Theskelomensor longipinnis, Acheilognathus 71 198 liparozona, Marginella 213 llaneae, Megalurulus longipinnis, Garra 72 Balkan Lipaugus 46 Loach, 203 longirostra, Rukia 161 Loach, Banded Mountain 132 Lipochromis 85, 184 longirostris, Dasyomis 50 Loach, Goldside 203 Lipotes 19 longirostris, Eumeces 60 Loach, Italian 168 /ira, Antrolana 97 longirostris. Hippocampus 81 Loach, Romanian 203 /i>a(a, Carelia 189 longirostris, Prognathochromis 184 Loach, Spotted 74 lirata, Leptoxis 1 1 longirostris, Stenella 129 lobata, Campephaga 48 lirata, Newcombia 121 longirostris, Turdoides 160 lobata, Tadarida 13 liratus, Amphicyclotulus 117 longispinis, Gambusia 80 Lobaunia 116 Lirceus 97 longistyla, Congothemis 208 lobipennis, Pseudopsectra 254 Lissemys 200 Longwing, Natterer's 104 Lobo, Bagre 203 Lissodelphis 195, 242 loochoensis, Pteropus 177 Loboparadisea 199 listeri, Lepidodactylus 59 lopesi, Megalobulimus 126 Lobster, Giant Tasmanian 95

312 3

lopezi, Hampala 72 Lucania 80 /urea, Partula 191 78 LOPHIIFORMES LUCANIDAE 99, 170,249 luteirostris, Zosterops 54 Lophocebus 140, 222 luchti, Atrophaneura 105 luteocephala, Sicalis 163 Lophoictinia 33 Luchuena 215 luteofusca, Cupedora 173 Lophophorus 35 luciae, Amazilia 43 luteoschistaceus, Accipiter 148 Lophopsittacus 181 luciae, Liza 86 luteovinctum, Etheostoma 169 Lophomis 43, 153 luciae, Megalomys 178 luteoviridis, Pselliophorus 55 Lophotibis 147 luciana, Urothemis 209 lutescens, Aloeides 102 Lophozosterops 161 lucidus, Hemigimthus 56 luteus, Eolagurus 131 Lophura 35, 149 lucidus, Polyergus 101 Lutilodix 125 Lophuromys 143, 197 lucifer, Acerodon 1 77 LUTJANIDAE 84 lophurus, Pipistrellus 194 lucifer, Hemisaga 109 Lutjanus 84 lorata, Achatinella 120 Lucifuga 11 LUTODRILIDAE 172 lorenzi, Phyllastrephus 157 lucifugus alachua, Procambarus 237 Lutodrilus 172 lorenzmuelleri, Liolaemus 199 lucifugus lucifugus, Procambarus Til lulosus, Polyborus 179 lorica, Litoria 66 lucifugus, Stygobromus 185 /uira /urra, Z-urra 245 loricata, Grallaricula 155 lucina, Crocidura 6 Lurra 17, 245 loricatus, Monarcha 159 Luciogobius 206 lutreola, Mustela 17 Loriculus 41, 152 lucionensis, Tanygnalhus 41 lutreolina, Mustela 17 LORIDAE 14, 139 lucius, Ptychocheilus 73 lutzae, Liolaemus 199 Lorikeet, Blue 41 luckmanii, Planilaoma 214 /urzi, Thoropa 67 Lorikeet, Blue-fronted 40 luconensis, Prioniturus 41 /«rz(!, Paratelmatobius 67 Lorikeet, Duchess 152 lucumontis, Leuciscus 167 luxatus, Deltistes 75 Lorikeet, Henderson 42 /u^ia, Crocidura 6 luzonensis, Archboldomys 23 Lorikeet, Iris 41 ludlowi, Bhutanitis 105 luzonensis, Mistichthys 132 Lorikeet, Kuhl's 41 ludoviciae, Turdus 53 luzonica. Anas 147 Lorikeet, Mindanao 41 ludovicianus arizonensis, Cynomys 230 luzonica, Gallicolumba 151 Lorikeet, New Caledonian 40 ludwigi, Gulella 216 /^aWi, Xenicus 181 Lorikeet, Palm 152 Luehdorfia, Chinese 208 Lybius 154 Lorikeet, Red-throated 40 Luehdorfia, Japanese 171 Lycaeides 252 Lorikeet, Su-iated 152 Luehdorfia 171,208 Lycaena 103, 170, 252 Lorikeet, Ultramarine 42 lugens, Haplophaedia 153 LYCAENIDAE 102, 170, 186, 208, 252 Loris, Pygmy 14 lugens, Petinomys 142 Lycaon 16 Loris, Slender 14 lugubris, Formica 170 lycodus, Bulimulus 126 Loris 14 luhuana, Mandarirm 214 Lycosa 207 Lorius 41, 152 luismanueli, Anoura 194 LYCOSIDAE 88, 207 lomae lomae, Gulella 239 luizae, Asthenes 45 lyelliana, Discula 124 lomae major, Gulella 240 lukolelae, Malacomys 143 LYGAEIDAE 251 Lory, Black-winged 40 lullulae, Phalanger 241 lygdamus palosverdesensis, Lory, Blue-eared 152 /u/«a, lolaus 103 Glaucopsyche 252 Lory, Blue-streaked 152 lumachellus, Augastes 153 Lygodactylus 59 Lory, Chattering 41 lumbee, Semotilus 203 Lygosoma 200 Lory, Purple-naped 41 lumholtzi, Deiuirolagus 135 /v'ei, Hipposideros 136 Lory, Red-and-blue 40 lumholtzi, Eodiaptomus 92 lymani, Carelia 189 Lory, White-naped 152 Luna, Cachorrito de Media 79 lymaniana, Pronesopupa 216 lotana, Lepidochrysops 103 lunaris, Dirce 252 LYMNAEIDAE 113,209 Lottia 187 lunata, Onychogalea 177 lymphatus, Neodiaptomus 92 LOTTIDAE 187 lunatus jimela, Damaliscus 228 lynchi, Branchinecta 91 Louisea 96 lunatus korrigum, Damaliscus 228 lyncurium, Poecilmitis 103 louisiadensis, Cracticus 199 lurmlus lunatus, Damaliscus 228 lyndseyae, Poecilmitis 103 louisianensis, Onychodiaptomus 207 lunatus tiang, Damaliscus 228 lynesi. Apalis 49 Louse, Pygmy Hog Sucking 98 lunatus topi, Damaliscus 228 lynnae, Gomphurus 107 lovati, Dendromus 143 lunatus, Damaliscus 130 Lynx, Iberian 16 Lovebird, Black-cheeked 39 lundbergi, Prietella 75 Lynx 16 Lovebird, Fischer's 151 lunulatus, Garrulax 159 lyonetianus, Gibbus 191 Lovenula 92 Lupine, San Francisco Tree 254 lyonnetianum, Craspedoma 133 loveridgei, Nectarinia 161 Lyperobius 248 /«p«j , Canw 223 lowei, Gerbillus 24 lupus, Canis 241 lyrata, Lyropupa 216 lowei, Sheppardia 52 lupus, Ictalurus 203 Lyrebird, Albert's 157 loweii, Pseudocampylaea 190 luschani, Mertensiella 68 Lyrefin, Brasilia 79 loweryi, Xenoglaux 153 luscinia, Acrocephalus 49 Lyriothemis 107 Loxia 199 Luscinia 51, 159 Lyropupa 191, 216 Loxioides 56 lusitanica, Chioglossa 68 lysithous harrisianus, Eurytides 253 Loxodonta 19 Lythrurus 11 lusitanica, Platyla 1 1 Loxops 56 lusitanicum, Chondrostoma 71 Lytta 249 loyaltiensis, Leucocharis 190 lutaria, Brazieria 217 maaseni, Platyla 210 lubomirskii, Pipreola 156 /uKo, Diplommatina 210 Macaca 15, 129, 140, 194, 245

313 1

macaco flavifrons, Eulemur 220 72, 168 macroura, Thripophaga 45 macaco macaco, Eulemur 220 Macroagelaius 163 macrourus. Circus 148 macaco, Eulemur 13 Macrobaenetes 108 MACROVELIIDAE 251 Macaque, Assamese 15 macrobullatus, Hipposideros 136 Macrovipera 62 Macaque, Barbary 15 macrocephala, Acanthochelys 165 macrura, Thermosphaeroma 97 Macaque, Booted 194 macrocephala, Percina 169 macrura, Thylamys 135 Macaque, Celebes Black 15 Macrocephalon 34 Macruromys 24 Macaque, Crab-eating 140 macrocerca, Hylonympha 43 macrurus, Elusor 62 Macaque, Dumoga-bone 129 macrocercus, Tateomys 27 macrurus, Mesembriomys 25 Macaque, Heck's 140, 245 Macroclemys 63 macularius ssp., Cyprinodon 247 Macaque, Japanese 15 macrodactyla, Napothera 159 maculata, Allotoca 80 Macaque, Lion-tailed 15 macrodactyla, Oceanodroma 30 maculata, Cotinga 46 Macaque, Mentawai 15, 245 macrodactylum croceum, Ambystoma maculata, Denisonia 62 Macaque, Moor 15 246 maculata, Paroreomyza 56 Macaque, Muna-buton 15 macrodactylus, Myotis 138 maculatum, Etheostoma 169 Macaque, Muna-Butung 245 Macroderma 10 maculatus gracilis, Dasyurus 219 Macaque, Pig-tailed 15 macrodon, Onychogomphus 107 maculatus maculatus, Dasyurus 219 Macaque, Rhesus 140 macrodon, Sorex 136 maculatus, Callopistes 200 Macaque, Slumptail 15 Macrodontia 98 maculatus, Dasyurus 3 Macaque, Taiwan 15 Macrogalidia 18 maculatus, Paretroplus 85 Macaque, Tibetan 129 macrogaster, Yunnanilus 75 maculatus, Sandracottus 249 Macaque, Tonkean 140 Macrogastra 239 Maculinea 170,252 Macaque, Toque 140 macrognalhus, Prognathochromis 184 maculipinna, Harpagochromis 184 Macaque, Yakushima 245 Macrognathus 205 maculosus, Caprimulgus 198 Macaw, Blue-throated 40 macrolepidotus, Pogonichthys 73 maculosus, Ceomalacus 244 Macaw, Blue-winged 40 macrolepidotus, Rutilus lA maculosus, Glossolepis 243 Macaw, Cuban Red 180 macrotepis, Cyprinodon 79 maculosus, Stallingsia 252 Macaw, Glaucous 180 macrolepis, Leiopotherapon 169 Macaw, Hyacinth 40 mada, Gymnophaps 151 Macromia 106, 171 Macaw, Lear's 40 mada, Prioniturus 152 Macronectes 146 Macaw, Military 40 madagascarensis, Melanatria 173 Macaw, Red-fronted 40 Macronous 159 madagascariensis, Accipiter 148 Macaw, Spix's 40 Macronyx 157 madagascariensis, Acrantophis 61 macclintocki, Discus 214 Macroperipatus 109 rruidagascariensis, Astacoides 208 macrophallus, Sonorella 174 madagascariensis, Bedotia 204 maccoyii , Thunnus 88 Maccullochella 82, 236 Macropleurodus 85 madagascariensis, Daubentonia 14 macdonaldi, Toloaba 84 macropoda, Caecidotea 97 madagascariensis, Erymnochelys 64 macdonaldii, Notopteris 9 MACROPODIDAE 4, 135, 177, 193, 219, madagascariensis, Euxanthe 253 241 macedonia, Alosa 71 madagascariensis, Numenius 150 macrops, Breviceps 67 macedonicus, Pachychilon 202 madagascariensis, Pantanodon 80 macrops, Nothomyrmecia 101 macedonicus, Rutilus 168 madagascariensis, Rousetlus 10 Macropsalis 153 macetfreshi, Driloleirus 1 10 madagascariensis, Sanzinia 61 macropterus, Vanellus 180 macgillivrayi, Pterodroma 30 madagascariensis, Tropodiaptomus 207 macropus, Clobonautes macgregori, Cyclodina 60 95 Madanga 53 177,220 Macgregoria 58 Macropus 135, madeira, Pterodroma 30 Macropygia 151 machadoi, Insutivitrina 175 maderensis, Disculella 245 macrorhyncha, Saxicola 52 machiki, Zoothera 161 maderensis, Pipistrellus 13 MACHILIDAE 254 macrorhynchus, Clobicephala 129 madgascarensis, Typhleotris 87 245 Machiloides 254 MACROSCELIDEA 29, madgei, Colparion 190 Macroscelides 29 macinnesi, Rhinopoma 10 madgei, Gonospira 128 MACROSCELIDIDAE 29, 245 mackayi, Anomalopus 60 madgei, Nesopupa 127 Macroscincus 182 mackenziei, Stygobromus 89 Madoqua 21 Macrosphenus 51 Mackerel, Monterrey Spanish 88 madrensis, Peromyscus 26 macrostoma, Betta 88 maclareni, Clarias 76 rrmdrensis, Spermophilus 142 macrostoma, Lampeira 201 maclareni, Pungu 86 Madlom, Caddo 75 Muticaria 174 maclaudi, Rhinolophus 137 macrostoma, Madtom, Carolina 203 macrostomus, Batrachophrynus 67 rrmcleari, Rattus 178 Madtom, Frecklebelly 168 Macrotarsomys 24 macleayi, Dorcopsulus 4 Madtom, Neosho 168 macrotarsus, Myotis 138 macleayi, Hedleya 119 Madtom, Orangefm 75 Macrothele 207 Madtom, Ouachita 75 macleayi, Pteronotus 1 macrotis, Idiurus 145 macleayi, Sphaerospira 174 Madtom, Pygmy 75 macrotis, Notomys 178 macmasterae, Phallodrilus 110 Madtom, Scioto 75 macrotis, Pipistrellus 139 Madtom, Smoky 75 macmillani, Crocidura 6 Macrotis 4, 177 Madtom, Yellowfin 75 macowi, Crocidura 6 madurae, Hipposideros 136 Macquaria 206 macrotus, Histiotus 138 maeotica, Alosa 202 macquariensis, Maccullochella 82 Macrotus 11 macroura, Dendrortyx 149 maesi, Garrulax 159 Macrancylus 185 Macrhybopsis macroura, Ratufa 22 magambae, Cymothoe 253

314 35

magazinensis, Mesodon 2 1 Malami'da 74 Manica 100 magentae, Pterodroma 30 inalapana, Euthalia 253 MANIDAE 142 maghrebi, Gerbillus 24 malayana, Crocidura 6 maniensis. Perdicella 188 Magicicada 170 malayanus, Anlhracoceros 1 54 manillae, Penelopides 154 magicus albiventris, Otus 245 malayanus, Helarctos 195 manipurensis, Perdicula 35 magister, Neotoma 144 malayanus, Suncus 193 Manis 142 magna, Alectoris 149 maldonadoi, Bullockia 204 manlius, Papilio 171 magna, Sitta 53 Maleo 34 manoeli, Neritilia 173 magna, Sturnira 137 maleo, Macrocephalon 34 manoeli. Neritina 209 magnidentata, Cryplomastix 127 maletae, Orconectes 94 Manorina 54 magnifica, Aegialia 249 Malimbe, Gola 57 manoro. Smerina 253 Malimbe, magnifica, Planorbella 1 1 Ibadan 57 Manouria 65 magnifica, Tulotoma 213 Malimbus 57 mansfieldi, Bhutanitis 208 Malkoha, magnificus, Corsachius 31 Red-faced 42 mansuetus, Sylvilagus 146 mallacoola, magnificus, Nodipeclen 209 Engaeus 95 mantchuricum, Crossoptilon 34 magnificus, Petaurista 142 malleata, Auriculella 213 Mantella 67 magou, Euploea 104 mallee, Slipiturus 132 mantelli, Porphvrio 36 Malleefowl Magou, the 104 34 MANTIDAE 171 Magpie, Black 164 Mallomys 24, 143 MANTODEA 171 Magpie, Short-tailed 164 Malpuluna 132 manul ferrugineous, Otocolobus 223 Magpie, Sri Lanka 58 maluroides, Spartonoica 155 manul, Otocolobus 241 Magpie, White-winged 164 Malurus 159, 198 Manul, Red 223 Magpie, Yellow-breasted 164 MAMMALIA 3, 129, 135, 177, 193, 219, manusi, Tyto 42 Magpie-robin, Seychelles 50 241,245 Mao 54 mahaganus, Pteropus 9 mammillifurca, Canthocamptus 96 Maoricicada 251 maidae, Euastacus 96 Mamo, Black 181 Mapleleaf, Winged 112 Mamo, Hawaii 181 maillardi. Circus 148 maquassiensis. Crocidura 241 mana, Mainty, Trondo 86 Oreomystis 56 maracaibensis, Notodiaptomus 92 Manakin, mailuatensis, Orangia 123 Black-capped 47 maracana, Ara 40 Manakin, Golden-crowned 47 Maizania 238 maraena, Prototroctes 76 Manakin, Opal-crowned 156 major, Ameiva 182 maraho, Papilio 171 Manakin, Yellow-headed major, Beamys 143 156 Marakely 244 Manalak 74 major, Brachypteryx 158 marambaiae, Leptodactylus 201 manalak, Punlius 74 major, Bradyplerus 50 maranonica, Melanopareia 155 manasa, Neptis 253 major, Gryllolalpa 209 maraxina, Monodelphis 3 Manatee, African 19 major, Hirasea 214 marcanoi, Solenodon 177 Manatee, Amazonian 19 major, Macruromys 24 marcellinus, Eurytides 105 Manatee, Antillean 225 major, Nycteris 1 marchandi, Orconectes 94 Manatee, Caribbean 19 major, Phyllonycteris 177 marchantii, Powelliphanta 175 Manatee, Florida 225 major, Spermophilus 142 rrmrchei, Cleptomis 53 manatus latiroslris, Trichechus 225 major, Zoothera 53 marchei, Mydaus 17 manatus manalus. Trichechus 225 majori, Eliurus 24 rrmrchei, Ptilinopus 39 manatus, Trichechus 19 majusculus, Pseudomugil 243 marchi, Algyroides 60 mandarina, Mandarirm 214 makawai, Pogoniulus 44 marcia, Parantica 104 Mandarina 214 makirensis, Phylloscopus 160 marcidum, Cupedora 173 mandellii, Arborophila 34 Mala 220 marecula. Anas 179 mandersi, Cyclyrius 252 malabarica. Idea 171 maresi, Theodoxus 209 Mandibularca 72 malacense, Polyplectron 35 margaretae, Zoothera 161 mandibularis, Dioruia 72 malachitacea, Triclaria 41 Margaretamys 24 mandibularis, Prognathochromis 184 Malaclemys 166 margarethae, Charmosyna 152 Mandrill 140 Malacochersus 65 margarettae, Haeromys 24 Mandrillus 15, 140,222 Malacocincla 51 margarita scheffeli. Felis 223 Manduca 254 Malacolimax 175 margarita, Felis 241 manengubae, Crocidura 241 Malacomys 143, 242 margarita, Macromia 171 Mangabey, Black 140, 245 Malaconotus 48, 49, 157 margarita, Somatochlora 106 Mangabey, Collared 245 Malacopteron 51, 159 margaritacea, Alaena 102 Mangabey, Crested 140 malacoptilus, Rimator 160 margarilacea, Palaua 215 Mangabey, Golden-bellied 222 malacorhynchus, Hymenolaimus 32 Mangabey, Opdenbo.sch's Black222 margaritae, Conirostrum 163 malagrida cedrusmontana, margaritae, Mangabey, Red-capped 140 Dipodomys 23 Argyrocupha 252 Mangabey, Sanje 222 margaritae, Lethe 253 malagrida malagrida, Argyrocupha Mangabey, Sooty 140 margaritifera durrovensis, 252 Mangabey, Tana River 222 Margaritifera 238 malagrida maryae, 252 Argyrocupha Mangabey, White-collared 222 margaritifera, Margaritifera 110 malagrida paarlensis, Argyrocupha manglae, Batrachoides 78 Margaritifera 1 10, 238, 255 252 mangoura, Papilio 105 MARGARITIFERIDAE 110,238,255 malaitae, Rhipidura 52 mangshanensis, Trimeresurus 62 Margaronia 253 malaitensis, Nyctimene 9 manguaoensis, Punlius 74 Margaronia 253

315 1 1 11 1 1 1

Margaronian, Blue 253 Marmot, Montague Island Hoary 230 mattheyi, Mus 197 Margaronian, Green 253 Marmot, Vancouver Island 22 matthiae, Rhipidura 199 Margaromis 155 Marmota 22, 131, 142,230 mattogrossensis, Molossops 139 Margay 241 maroni, Papilio 208 maturna, Hypodryas 208 marginata. Phrantela 256 marquesana, Taipidon 190 mauleanum, Cauque 168 marginata, Alasmidonta 209 marrianae, Margaritifera 110 maupiensis, Mautodontha 189 marginata, Caperea 242 marrocana, Cobitis 203 maura. Macaco 15 marginata, Cicindela 248 Marron 95 maureenae, Gymnochthebius 249 marginata, Kuhlia 244 marroni carolus, Huleechius 249 maureenae, Hydraena 249 marginata, Testudo 243 tnarshalli, Meridolum 173 Mauremys 200, 243 marginatus, Ateles 14 marshalli, Pleurobema 112 mauriciana, Platycnemis 108 marginatus, Epinephelus 168 marshianus, Aglaodiaptomus 9 maurilaniae, Gerbillus 24 Marginella 213 Marstonia, Armored 21 mauritiana, Leiolopisma 182 MARGINELLIDAE 213 Marstonia, Beaver Pond 21 maurilianus, Alopochen 179 marginipennis, Cicindela 169 Marstonia, Ocmulgee 21 mauritianus, Cyraulus 113 Marstonia, Olive 21 Maria, Sardinita de Santa 72 maurilianus, Lophopsittacus 181 mariae, Elheostorrm 206 Marstonia, Royal 256 mauritianus, Nycticorax 179 marsupialis, mariae, Eudonlomyzon 201 Antidorcas 130 maurus. Circus 148 marsupiobesa, Elliptio 255 mariae, Helicella 126 maurus, Eumops 13 Martelia 119 mariae, Nesillas 159 Mautodontha 123, 189, 190 Marten, Javan Yellow-throated 224 mariae, Stomatepia 86 mavornata, Aplonis 182 Marten, Nilgiri 17 marialiciae, Eulonchus 250 mawii, Dermatemys 63 Marten, Tsushima Island 224 marianae, Crateroceplialus 204 majri, Sundamys 27

martens i, Castalia 110 mariangelae, Muricopsis 213 maxillaris, Lipochromis 85 martensi, Trichotoxon 215 inariannae, Hydroporus 248 maxillosus, Saltator 163 martensiana, Partula mariannarum, Ladronellum 214 127 maxima, Paracrocidura241 martensii, Padogobius 169 mariannarum, Taheitia 212 maxima, Tridacna 133 martenstyni, Puntius 74 mariannus, Cervus 197 maximiliani, Hydromedusa 62 Manes 17, 224 mariannus, Pteropus 9 maximiliani, Oryzoborus 162 martiensseni, Otomops 13 marica, Gracilinanus 135 maximus, Aepyomis 179 martigener, Engaeus 95 mariei, Cyclosurus 187 maximus, Cetorhinus 69 Martin, Sinaloa 198 marieps, Charaxes 253 maximus, Elephas 19 martinensis, Neotoma 25 marinkellei, Lonchorhina 1 maximus, Lachnolaimus 87 martini, Astatotilapia 1 84 marinum, Stizostedion 206 maximus, Priodontes 5 martinicensis, Incerticyclus 188 marinus, Aplochiton 204 Maxomys 24, 144 martinii, Euploea 171 marisae, Hipposideros 10 rrtaxwellii, Cephalophus 141 martiniquensis, Myotis 138 maritimus, Ursus 129 maya, Cyprinodon 79 masafuerae, Aphrastura 45 markhami, Oceanodroma 198 mayensis, Peromyscus 26 masalai, Nyctimene 9 Markhor 21 mayeri, Astrapia 58 mascaensis, Hemicycla \74 Markhor. Flare-horned 228 mayeri, Columba 38 mascaensis, Insulivitrina 175 Markhor, Straight-horned 228 Mayermys 24 mascarinus, Mascarinus 181 Markhor, Tadjik 228 Mayfly, American Sand-burrowing250 marleyi, Chaetodon 84 Mascarinus 181 Mayfly, Argo 250 Masked-owl, 42 Marmaronetta 32 Bismarck Mayfly, Berner's Two-winged 250 Masked-owl, Lesser 198 marmorata, Napothera 159 Mayfly, Blackwater Sand-filtering250 Masked-owl, Manus 42 marmorata, Catocala 253 Mayfly, Cahaba Sand-filtering 250 Masked-owl, marmorata, Clemmys 64 Minahassa 198 Mayfiy, Colorado Burrowing 250 marmorata, Pardofelis 195 Masked-owl, Taliabu 42 Mayfly. Diverse 250 marmorata, Uperoleia 182 masoni, Fusconaia 1 1 Mayfly, False 250 marmoratus, Brachyramphus 150 massachusettsensis, Epischura 207 Mayfl.y, Prison's 250 marmoratus, Cynolebias 79 MASTACEMBELIDAE 205 Mayfly, Large Blue Lake 99 marmoratus, Oryzias 80 mastersi marakupa, Hesperilla 252 Mayfly, Meridion Blackwater 250 marmoratus, Rivulus 243 Masticophis 246 Mayfly, Pecatonica River 186 marmoratus, Salmo 204 Mastigodiaptomus 92, 207 Mayfly, Robust Burrowing 186 marmorensis. Discus 123 Mastomys 24, 144 Mayfly, Spicluose 250 Marmosa 3, 135, 193 matacus, Tolypeutes 136 Mayfly, West Virginia Burrowing250 Marmoset, Aripuana 241 matafaoi. Diastole 190 Mayfly, Yellow 250 Marmoset, Black-headed 14 matanensis, Glossogobius 87 maylandi, Melanotaenia 243 Marmoset, Buffy-headed 14 matanensis, Oryzias 80 maynardi, Procyon 17

Marmoset, Buffy-tufted-ear 14 matanim, Phalanger 4 mayori, Mus 144 Marmoset, Geoffroy's Tufted-ear 14 mathewsi, Penescosta 123 mayottensis, Gulella 191 Marmoset, Goeldi's 14 Mathewsoconcha 125 mayri, Rallina 198 Marmoset, Golden-white Tassel-ear 14 matildae, Muricopsis 213 mayri, Rhoptromyrmex 101 Marmoset, Wied's 241 Matrona 237 Mayromis 51, 159 Marmosops 3, 135 matschiei, Dendrolagus 4 mazama yelmensis, Thomomys 231 Marmot, Glacier Bay Hoary 230 matschiei, Galago 139 mazama couchi, Thomomys 231 Marmot, Menzbier's 22 matsudairae, Oceanodroma 198 mazama glacialis, Thomomys 231

316 3 1 1 1 1

mazama louiei. Thomomys 23 MEGALOBULIMIDAE 126. 190 melanogaster, Sporophila 163 mazama pugetensis, Thomomys 231 Megalobulimus 126 melanogaster, Tumix 35 mazama tacomensis, Thomomys 23 megalocephala, Natrix 61 Melanogrammus 77 mazama tumuli, Thomomys 231 Megalolulimus 190 melanoides, Chilonopsis 191 Mazama 141, 197 Megalomyrmex 100 melanoidus, Leptoxis 118 mazumbaiensis, Sitala 215 Megalomvs 178 melanoleuca, Ailuropoda 17 mbaiso, Dendrolagus 4 MEGALONYCHIDAE 193 melanoleucus, Microhierax 149

mccordi, Aiasmidonta 1 1 megalophylla, Scotorythra 1 86 melanoleucus, Spizastur 148 mccordi. Chelodina 62 megalops, Astatotilapia 1 84 melanomycter, Saccogaster 11 mccordi, Cuora 200 megalotis limicola, Reithrodontomys melanonota, Touit 41 mccubbini, Taskiria 254 245 melanonotus, Odontophorus 149

mcglameriae, Medionidus 1 1 megalotis ssp., Lepomis 247 melanonyx, Lophuromys 143 mcgregori, megalotis, Coracina 48 Dorcatragus 21 Melanopareia 155 megalotis, mcilhennyi, Conioptilon 156 Paracoelops 10 Melanoperdix 149 mckenziei, megalura, Dactylopsila Pipistrellus 13 5 melanops, Percichthys 206 Megalurulus mclachlani, Cordylus 59 159, 198 melanops, Scolomys 27 mcleodii, Megalurus 51 Nyctiphrynus 153 melanops, Sporophila 55 mcmichaeli, Elliptio 172 MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE 107 melanops, Vimba 74 MEGAPODIIDAE 34, 149 mcneili, Ferrissia 1 1 MELANOPSIDAE 212 Megapodius 34, 149 meadewaldoi, Haematopus 180 melanopterus complex, Lipochromis 85 Megaptera 18 Meadowlark, Pampas 56 melanopterus, Aeretes 142 meandricus, megarhyncha, Pitta 156 Acanthorutilus 202 melanopterus, Balantiocheilos 71 megarhynchus. Ploceus 57 meamsi, Pteropus 194 melanopterus, Stumus 164 Mecistogaster 108 megarramphus, Dermogenys 168 ' Melanoptila 158 MEGASCOLECIDAE 109 Mecodema 185 melanosoma, Eleotris 169 Megascolides 110 MECOPTERA 254 Meianospiza 162 megaspila, Cobitis 203 Merfa 72 melanoslictus, Phyllodactylus 199 MEGATHYMIDAE 252 medeis, Conomyrma 100 melanostomus, Neogobius 206 Megatriorchis 148 media, Gallinago 150 melanostomus, Notropis 73 Megaxenops 45 media, Kyidris 100 Melanosuchus 58 Megazosterops 161 medianalis, Pseudobargus 76 melanota, Palaemnema 108 megomphala, Opanara 123 medicaudatus, Lophuromys 143 Melanotaenia 78, 168, 204, 205, 243 MEGOMPHICIDAE 126 medicinalis, Hirudo 171 melanotis, Coryphaspiza 54 Megupsilon 183 medicus, Agapetus 254 melanotis, Manorina 54 mehelyi, Rhinolophus 1 Medionidus 111. 172 melanotis, Oryzomys 197 meidingeri, Rutilus 74 medirostris, Acipenser 70 melanotis, Raphicerus 131 meinertzhageni ivoriensis, Hylochoerus Mediterraneo, Barbo71 melanura, Dendrogale 8 226 mccti brevis, Orconectes 237 melanurus, Carpomys 197 mekistocholas, Notropis 73 meeki, Corvus 164 melanurus, Ceyx 44 mekisturus, Peromyscus 26 meeki, Cyprinodon 79 melanurus, Eliomys 145 Meladema 98 meeki, Graphium 105 melanurus, Myrmoborus 46 melaena griqua, Tuxentius 252 meeki, Macrhybopsis 168 melanurus, Mysateles 146 Melaenornis 5! meeki, Microgoura 180 melanurus, Peromyscus 26 melampoides, Amphorella 124 meeki, Zoslerops 199 melanurus. Pithecheir 144 Melamprosops 56 megacephalum, Platystemon 200 melas, Globicephala 242 melampus petersi, Aepyceros 227 megacephalus atrirelictus, Melasmothrix 24 melampus tsuensis, Maries 224 Microdipodops 111 meleagrides, Agelastes 34 melampus, Aepyceros 130 megacephalus nexus, Microdipodops Melidectes, Long-bearded 54 Melanatria 173 232 Melidectes, Vogelkop 162 Melanerpes 155 megacephalus, Nycticorax 179 Melidectes 54, 162 megaceros, Kobus 141 melanippus keteus, Danaus 237 Melignomon 44 melanjae, 253 MEGACHILIDAE 208 Cymothoe melindae, Anthus 157 Megacolabus 248 Melanobatrachus 67 Meliobba 173 melanobranchus, Papillogobius 169 Megacrex 198 Meliphaga 162, 199 melanocephalus, Cacajao 241 Megadendromus 24 MELIPHAGIDAE 54, 132, 162, 181, 199 MEGADERMATIDAE 10, 136 melanocephalus, Carpomis 46 melissa samuelis, Lycaeides 252 Megadontomys 144 melanocephalus, Speirops 53 melissa, Vampyressa 137 Megadyples 29 melanocephalus, Threskiomis 147 melitensis, Lampedusa 123 Megadytes 185 melanocephalus, Tragopan 35 melitensis, Pseudamnicola 211 megaensis, Hirundo 48 Melanocharis 199 melitophrys, Vireolanius 163 megaera, Graphium 105 Melanochelys 64, 200 melleri. Anas 147 Megaerops 9 melanochlamys, Bangsia 54 mellianus, Oriolus 57 MEGALADAPIDAE 14,241 melanochroa, Ducuia 151 mellis, Pseudomugil 78 Megalagrion 106.171,187,237 melanochrous, Serinus 163 Mellisuga 153 Megalaima 154 melanodera, Melanodera 162 melodus, Charadrius 37 Megalanura 250 Melanodera 162 Melogale 17,224 Megalaperyx 179 melanogaster, Anhinga 147 MELOIDAE 249

317 2 3 1

Melomys, White-toothed 23 MESOGASTROPODA 113, 133, 173, Micrarionta 125,215 Melomys 25, 144 187,210,238,244,256 Micrastur 34, 242 melones, Banksula 88 Mesogobius 206 micristius, Cyprinus 72 Melonycteris 9 mesoleuca, Conothraupis 54 Microbatrachella 67 Melursus 18 mesoleucus telmalestes, Conepatus 224 MICROBIOTHERIA 3 melvillensis, Trochomorpha 175 Mesomys 197 MICROBIOTHERIIDAE 3 melvilli, Marginella 213 Mesonerilla 110 microblepharis, Celestus 199 menachensis, Tardus 53 Mesoperipatus 209 Microcebus 13 menadensis, Parantica 244 Mesoplodon 196 microcephalus, Barbus 71 menae, Orconectes 94 mesotes, Paragalaxias 77 micrococcus, Pyrgulopsis 211 menagei, Gallicolumba 39 MESOVELIIDAE 251 Microcryptorhynchus 248 menava maeroides, Pararge 253 iWeto 88 Microcylloepus 249 menckei, Monarcha 199 Metabolus 51 Microdillus 144 mendana, Graphium 171 Metacnemis 209 Microdipodops 232 mendiculus, Spheniscus 29 Metacyclops 92, 132 microdon, Lepilemur 241 mendozae, Pomarea 52 Metadiaptomus 92 microdon, Lipochromis 184 Menidia 78, 168 Metallura 43, 153 microdon, Nyctophilus 13 mento, Prognathochromis 85 Metalmark, Lange's 253 microdon, Pristis 69 memo, Silurus 76 Metaltail, Neblina 153 microdon, Reithrodontomys 145 Menura 157 Metaltail, Perija 153 Microeca 159 Violet-throated MENURIDAE 157 Metaltail, 43 Microgale 5, 241 menzbieri, Marmota 22 metamorpha, Ogasawarana 1 1 Microgoura 180 mephistophiles, Pudu 141 Metapogon 250 microgyria, Pheidole 101 merces, Aloeides 102 metastriata, Dysnomia 255 microgyna, Tetramorium 102 mercierii, Ptilinopus 180 metastriata, Epioblasma 110 Microhierax 149 mercuriale, Coenagrion 106 Metatrichoniscoides 97 Microhydromys 144 Merganser, Auckland Islands 179 metcalfi, Pyrgulopsis 211 Microhylid, Black 67 Merganser, Brazilian 32 metcalfi, Sonorella 174 MICROHYLIDAE 67, 201 Merganser, Scaly-sided 32 methueni, Lygodactylus 59 microlepidotus, Basilichthys 204 mergulus, Limnogale 5 methymna dicksoni, Lepidochrysops252 microlepidotus, Phyllodactylus 165 Mergus 32, 179 Metisella 252 microlepis, Leuciscus 72 meridianus, Scrranochromis 132 metohiensis, Paraphoxinus 13 microlepis, Mycteroperca 83 meridionalis, Cobitis 168 Metrarga 251 microlepis, Oligosoma 61 meridionalis, Mysateles 146 Metrioptera 109 microlepis, Tachygia 182 meridionalis, Nestor 41 Mexclapique 80 Microrrmcronus 51 meridionalis, Omithoptera 105 mexicana, Branchinecta 91 micromegas, Nesoctites 155 meridionalis, Pseudirion 250 mexicana, Choeronycteris 137 Micromonacha 154 Meridolum 122, 173 mexicana, Dasyprocta 145 micromphala, Kimboraga 122 Meriones 25 mexicanum, Ambystoma 68 Micromys 144 merlini, Arborophila 34 mexicanus jordani, Astyanax 236 Micronaspis 249 MEROSTOMATA 171,209 mexicanus navaho, Microtus 245 Micronycteris 11, 137 merriami collinus, Dipodomys 231 mexicanus, Cynomys 22 Microperoryctes 193 merriami parvus, Dipodomys 231 mexicanus, Ictalurus 75 Microphis 205 merriami, Empetrichthys 184 mexicanus, Microtus 25 microphthalmus, Sinocyclocheilus 74 merriami, Fluminicola 211 mexicanus, Rheomys 145 microphthalmus, Spalax 27 merrilli, Ptilinopus 151 mexicanus, Xenotriccus 156 microphylla, Tritocleis 186 mertensi, Suncus 8 Mexico, Charal del Valle de204 micropithecus, Sphaerodactylus 59 97 Mertensiella 68, 167 Mexilana Micropotamogale 5 meruensis, Aeshna 105 Mexipyrgus 238 microps alfredi, Dipodomys 23 Merulaxis 46, 155 Mexistenasellus 97 microps leucotis, Dipodomys 232 merulinus, Garrulax 159 Mexithauma 256 microps, Catostomus 75 Merycomyia 250 meyerdeschauenseei, Tangara 55 microps, Heteropneustes 76 Mesacanthotelson I'^l meyeri, Pachycephala 160 Micropsitta 152 Mesechinus 6 meyeri, Xiphophorus 80 Micropteropus 9 Mesembriomys 25, 144 meyricki, Hedylepta 186 micropterus, Chlamydogobius 87 Mezquital, Cachorrito de79 mesibovi, Beddomeia 1 14 Micropterus 169, 206, 247 miamiensis, Mesite, Brown 35 Cyclocephala 250 Micropygia 149 Mesite, Subdesert 35 mica, Cincinnatia 115 microsculpta, Thapsia 215 micanopy, Mesite, White-breasted 35 Belocephalus 109 microspira, Platyla 210 micans, Mesitomis 35 Amastra 121 microstoma, Lamellidea 213 michaeli, Arctodiaplomus 91 MESITORNITHIDAE 35 microstoma, Partula 191 Mesocapromys 28 michaeli, Harpagochromis 184 microstriata, Physella 1 1 michaudi, Mesocricetus 25 Lemniscia 125 Microstrophia 128 michaudi, Mesocyclops 92 Tropidophora 212 microtarsus, Graciliruznus 135 miconax, Mesodon, Banded 239 Aotus 14 microthauma, Lyropupa 216 Micoureus Mesodon 175,215,239 135 microtheca, Ogasawarana 209 Mesodontrachia micramyla, Palline 174 214 microtis, Dusicyon 195 4

318 7 5 8 1 1 1 1

Microtus 25, 144, 178, 197, 232, 233, 242, minima, Paludinella 211 mirabilis, Carelia 189 245 minima, Stormsia 119 mirabilis. Cyanolyca 58 micrus, Nesophontes \11 minimus atristriatus, Tamias 231 mirabilis, Eriocnemis 43 MICTACEA 97 minimus maritimus, Antechinus 219 mirabilis, Hemiphlebia 107 MICTOCARIDIDAE 97 minimus selkirki, Tamias 23 mirabilis, Hirasea 214 Mictocaris 97 minimus, Chironectes 135 mirabilis. Loddigesia 43 middlekaufi, Idioslatus 109 minimus. Cynolebias 79 mirabilis. Lyropupa 216 Midge, Giant Torrent 99 minimus, Spilomis 148 mirabilis, Partula 191 Midge, Tasmanian Torrent 99 miniopinna, Betta 88 Mirafra 48, 157 midgleyi. Pingalla 169 Miniopterus 12, 138 Miramella 108 mighetsiana, Partulina 121 Minivet, Brown-rumped 157 miranda, Basilomis 164 migratorius, Cricetulus 143 Minivet, White-bellied 157 mirandae, Hemitriccus 47 migratorius, Ectopistes 180 Mink, European 17 Miratesta 187 migueli, Eupsophus 67 minnae, Grammomys 143 MIRIDAE 251 mikado, Syrmaticus 149 Minnow, Black-striped 168 mirifica, Lytta 249 mikadoi, Acipenser 70 Minnow, Devil's River 72 mirificus, Lewinia 36 MILACIDAE 215 Minnow, Kanawha 73 mirus, Mesoplodon 196 milagros, Parantica 104 Minnow, Loach 74 mirus, Otus 42 milensis, Podarcis 60 Minnow, Maluti 73 Mirza 13 militaris, Ara 40 Minnow, Rio Grande 72 misella, Lamprocystis 215 militaris, Stumella 56 Minnow, Roundnose 246 Misgumis 168 Millardia 25 Minnow, Stumptooth 183 misoolensis, Melanotaenia 243 millepalmarum, Eremarionta 125 Minnow, Swamp 203 MISOPHRIIDAE 97 millepunctata, Damochlora 122 Minnow, Western Mud 168 MISOPHRIOIDA 97 Minnow-Nase 202 millerae, Victodrobia 1 1 mississippiensis, Orconectes 94 minor, Dobsonia 136 Millerbird 49 missouri, Glyphopsyche 255 milleri, Cochliopina 115 minor, Elapognathus 165 Mistfrog, Common 66 242 milleri, Grallaria 46 minor, Eliurus Mistichthys 132 milleri, Knipowitschia 206 minor, Furcifer 59 mitchellae, Thersites 122 Lacustrelix 173 milleri, Myotis 177 minor, mitchelli mitchelli, Neonympha 253 milleri, Procambarus 95 minor, Leptoxis 1 1 mitchelli, Quincuncina 112 Miniopterus 138 milleri, Sorex 1 minor, mitchellii, Phegomis 150 46 milleri, Thermosphaeroma 97 minor, Myrmotherula mir/j elgonis, Cercopithecus 222 millestriala, Dupucharopa 123 minor, Nothura 29 mirii kandti, Cercopithecus 212 milleti, Garrulax 50 minor, Palaua 215 Mitoura 252 147 milnei, Garrulax 159 minor, Phoenicopterus mitra, Euploea 104 Miloderes 248 minor, Platalea 31 mitratus, Rhinolophus 194 miltus, Cambarus 93 minor, Platanista 19 mitteruiorfi, Lemniscomys 24 milvus, Milvus 242 minor, Praomys 26 miru, M/ru 180 Milvus 242 minor. Procyon 17 A/il« 180 Milyeringa 206 minotaur. Hippocampus 205 Mixogaster 250 mimeticus, Dryotribus 185 minous, Acomys 23 Mixophyes 67, 167 Mimic, White 252 minuchae, Rossomyrmex 101 mixtus, Batrachostomus 198 MIMIDAE 49, 158 minuscula, Brazieria 217 mixtus, Saccolaimus 10 Mimizuku 42 minuta, Crocidura 193 m/ya, Crocidura 6 Mimodes 49 minuta, Hauffenia 211 miyazakii, Chamalychaeus 213 mimosa, Discocharopa 214 minuta, Helicoverpa 186 mizura, Euroscaptor 8 minuta, Kerivoula 138 mimula, Belgrandiella 1 1 mlokosiewiczi, Tetrao 149 mimulus, Pseudantechinus 3 minuta, Libellulosoma 106 Moa, Brawny Great 179 minahassae, Pipistrellus 194 minuta, Nanocopia 92 Moa, Burly Lesser 179 mincklcyi, Cichlasoma 85 minuta, Neohoratia 21 Moapa Ti 119 minckleyi, Nymphophilus 256 minuta, Symolopsis Moccasinshell, Alabama 1 1 Trochidrobia 117 mindana nipponica, Hemicordulia 238 minuta, Moccasinshell, Coosa 1 1 mindanensis, Coracina 48 minutilla, Rhogeessa 139 MOCHOKIDAE 76, 243 mindanensis, Ptilocichla 160 minutissima, Helenoconcha 189 mocinno, Pharomachrus 153 mindorensis, Anonymomys 23 minutissima, Hemistorrm 116 Mockingbird, Floreana49 mindorensis, Bubalus 20 minutissimus, Leptothorax 100 Mockingbird, Socorro 49 249 mindorensis, Crocodylus 58 minutus, Lacconectus modesta, Gerygone 50 mindorensis, Ducula 39 minutus, Micromys 144 modesta, Gila 72 13 245 mindorensis, Otus 42 minutus, Mormopterus modesta, Hemicycla mindorensis, Penelopides 44 minutus, Nyctimene 9 modesta. Microstrophia 128 202 mindorensis, Rattus 26 minutus, Paraphoxinus modesta, Turacoena 39 mindorus, Crocidura 6 minutus, Strongylognathus 102 modestus, Dicrurus 164 Miner, Black-eared 54 Mipentina, Damba 85 modestus, Gallirallus 180 139 171 minima, Balis 198 mi'ra, Rhogeessa modestus, Gomphurus minima, Beddomeia 114 mira, Scolopax 38 modestus, Zosterops 54 185 Gibberula 213 minima, Lampetra 183 mirabilis, Campsicnemus modica,

319 moellendorffi, Sundasciurus 142 Monarch, Biak 51 Monkey, Dryas 194 moemeri, Papilio 105 Monarch, Black-bibbed 159 Monkey, Elgon Blue 222 moesla, Amaurospiza 162 Monarch, Black-chinned 51 Monkey, Fernando Po Preuss's222 moesta, Lylta 249 Monarch, Black-tipped 159 Monkey, Fernando Po Crowned 222 Mogera 8 Monarch, Celestial 50 Monkey, Fernando Po Red-eared 222 mogollonensis hualpaiensis, Microtus Monarch, Fatuhiva 52 Monkey, Francois' Leaf 15 232 Monarch, Flores 51 Monkey, Geoffroy's Spider241 Mogurnda, Black 87 Monarch, Iphis 52 Monkey, Golden 222 Mogurnda, Blotched 87 Monarch, Jamaican 170 Monkey, Golden Snub-nosed 15 Mogurnda, Eastern 244 Monarch, Kolombangara 159 Monkey, Grizzled Leaf 15 Mogurnda, Kokoda 244 Monarch, Loetoe 159 Monkey, Guizhou Snub-nosed 15 Mogurnda, Striped 87 Monarch, Manus 159 Monkey, Hybrid Spider 221 Mogurnda, Variegated 87 Monarch, Marquesan52 Monkey, Javan Fuscous Leaf 194 Mogurnda 87, 244, 247 Monarch, Ogea 51 Monkey, Ka'apor Capuchin 15 mohaveana, Helminthoglypta 174 Monarch, Rarotonga 52 Monkey, Kahuzi Owl-faced 222 mohavensis, Spermophilus 22 Monarch, Short-crested 159 Monkey, L'Hoest's 140 Monarch, Tahiti 52 Long-haired Moho 54, 181 Monkey, Spider 14 Monarch, Tinian 51 Monkey, Preuss's222 Mohoua 51 Mainland Moitessieria 244 Monarch, Truk 51 Monkey, Mentawai Leaf 15 Monarch, Vanikoro Moitessieria 116,173,244 159 Monkey, Night 221 Monarch, White-breasted 199 Nilgiri Leaf Mojarra 85 Monkey, 15 Monarch, White-tailed 159 Northern mojavensis mojavensis, Crossidius 248 Monkey, Brown Howling 221 Monarch, White-tipped 51 Monkey, Owl-faced 140 molae, Pyrenaearia 126 Monarch, Yap 159 Monkey, Pig-tailed Snub-nosed 15 Mole, De Winton's Golden 5 Monarcha 51, 159, 199 Monkey, Preuss's 15 Mole, Duthie's Golden 5 monardi, Bellamya 120 Monkey, Proboscis 15 Mole, Giant Golden 5 Monardithemis 107 Monkey, Red-handed Howling 221 Mole, Grant's Golden 5 Monkey, Roloway 222 Mole, Gunning's Golden 5 monas, Aphaostracon 114 Monkey, Somalia Sykes 222 Mole, Japanese Mountain 8 monasa, Porzana 180 Monkey, South Pacific Blackish Howling Mole, Juliana's Golden 5 monax, Crocidura 6 241 Mole, Northern Marsupial 4 monensis granti, Epicrates 234 Monkey, Sun-tailed 15 Mole, Persian 8 monensis monensis, Epicrates 234 Monkey, Tana River Sykes 222 Mole, Rough-haired Golden 5 monensis, Typhlops 62 Monkey. Tonkin Snub-nosed 15 Mole, Ryukyu 8 Mongo 86 Monkey, White-fronted Leaf 194 Mole, Sado 8 mongo, Slomatepia 86 Monkey, White-throated 15 Mole, Sclater's Golden 5 Mongoose, Broad-striped 16 Monkey, Widow 241 Mole, Somali Golden 5 Mongoose, Brown-tailed 17 Monkey, Yellow-tailed Woolly 15 Mole, Southern Marsupial 4 Mongoose, Gambian 195 Monkey, Yunnan Snub-nosed 15 Mole, Van Zyl's Golden 5 Mongoose, Giant-striped 17 Monkeyface, Appalachian 112 Mole, Visagie's Golden 5 Mongoose, Jackson's 16 Monkeyface, Cumberland 255 Mole, Yellow Golden 241 Mongoose, Liberian 17 Monklet, Lanceolated 154 Mole, Zulu Golden 241 Mongoose, Narrow-striped 17 monoceros, Monodon 196 molesta, Lylta 249 Mongoose, Sokoke Bushy-tailed 224 monoceros, Rhinolophus 137 molinae, Trochoidea 126 mongoz, Eutemur 13 monochromos, Thomasomys 145 mollicomulus, Rattus 26 monguilloti, Carduelis 163 Monodelphis 3, 135 mollispinis ssp., Lepidomeda 246 Manias 35 monodon, Cristilabrum 122 moloch, Hylobates 16 monica. Anemia 132 Monodon 196 molokaiensis, Pronesopupa 216 moniliger, Batrachostomus 153 monodonta, Cryptazeca 123 MOLOSSIDAE 13, 139, 194 Monitor. Central Asian Desert246 monodonta, Lamellidea 188 molossinus, Pteropus 9 Monitor, Gray's 61 monodonta, Margaritifera 255 Molossops 13, 139 Monitor, Yellow 243 MONODONTIDAE 18, 196 Molossus 139 moniziana, Geomitra 124 monodosus, Afrithelphusa 95 moluccensis, Cacatua 40 Monjita, Black-and-white 47 Monolistra 97, 237 molurus. Python 165 Monjita, Salinas 156 Monomorirm 100 momonga, Pteromys 242 Monjon 135 Monomorium 101 MOMOTIDAE 154 Monkey, Allen's Swamp 140 Monophyllus 137 monacha, Cyprinella 167 Monkey, Andean Night 14 Monopterus 205 monacha, Grus 131 Monkey, Andean Titi 14 Monkey, Beni Titi 194 manorhis, Oceanadroma 146 monacha, Poeciliopsis 205 Monkey, Black Spider 241 monorthonyx, Anurophasis 149 monacha, Ptilinopus 151 Monkey, Blackish Squirrel 15 MONOTREMATA 3, 219 monachus milleri, Pithecia 222 Monkey, Brown-headed Spider 14 monroensis, Cincinnatia 115 monachus, Aegypius 148 Monkey, Brumback's Night 14 Monster, Gila 59 monachus, Monachus 17 Monkey, Central American Squirrel 15 montagui, Partulina 188 Monachus 17, 178 Monkey, Colombian Woolly 222 montalentii, Discaglossus 66 Monadenia 121,215,239 Monkey, Common Woolly 241 montalivetensis, Amplirhagada 173 monae, Typhlatya 93 Monkey, Diana 15, 222 Montana, Odontopodisma 108 Monal, Chinese 35 Monkey, Douc 15 163 Monal, Sclater's 35 montana, Paroreomyza

320 montana, Sheppardia 52 moricandi, Anisotremus 84 Moth, Prairie Sphinx 105 montana, Tricula 119 MORIDAE 77 Moth, Precious Underwing 253 montana, Xenoligea 56 Morimus 98 Moth, Silver Spotted Ghost 252 montani, Anthracoceros 44 morio, Praomys 26 Moth. Small Lappet 102 montanus codiensis, Microtus 232 morio, Sylvisorex 8 Moth, Spanish Moon 208 montanus fucosus, Microtus 232 mormo langei, Apodemia 253 Moth, Wallupe Leaf-Roller 254 montanus nevadensis, Microtus 232 Mormolyce 248 Motmot, Keel-billed 154 montanus pictus, Thestor 252 mormonum buttoni. Monadenia 239 Mouflon, Armenian 230 montanus zygomaticus, Microtus 232 mormonum hirsuta, Monadenia 239 Mouflon, Cyprus 230 montanus, Psephenus 249 MORMOOPIDAE 11, 137 Mouflon, Esfahan 230 montanus, Alsodes 201 Mormoops 137 Mouflon, European 230 montanus, Andropadus 157 Mormopterus 13 Mouflon, Laristan 230 montanus, Charadrius 37 morondavana, Papilio 208 Mouldingia 122 montanus, Dasymys 23 morongoana, Eremarionta 174 moulinsiana. Vertigo 133 montanus, Isolobodon 179 Morphnus 148 Mountain-babbler, Chapin'sl59 Mountain-babbler, montanus, Nyctalus 138 morrisi, Myotis 12 Red-collared 159 Mountain-babbler, White-throated51 montanus, Prioniturus 41 morrisi, Procambarus 95 Mountain-finch, Cochabamba55 montanus, Rattus 26 morrisoni, Lytta 249 Mountain-finch, Sillem's 199 montanus, Stygobromus 89 morrisoni, Pyrgulopsis 211 Mountain-finch, Tucuman 55 montanus, Suncus 8 morrisoni, Stygobromus 89 Mountain-pigeon, Long-tailed 151 montecanoensis, Lepidoblepharis 59 Mortonagrion 106 Mountain-robin, Dappled 50 montecristoi, Abronia 59 Morus 146 Mountain-tanager, Golden-backed54 monteiri, Malaconotus 49 mosana, Rhyacophila 255 Mountain-tanager, Masked 54 monteithorum, Euastacus 96 moschata, Desmana 8 Mountain-toucan, Black-billed 154 montenegrinus, 204 moschatus, Neotragus 131 Salmo Mountain-toucan, Grey-breasted 154 rissa MOSCHIDAE 20, 141, 226 Monte 112 Mountain-toucan, Hooded 154 Platy 80 moschiferus, Moschus 20 Monterrey, Mountain-toucan, Plate-billed 154 Moschus 20, 141, 226 montezumae, Mastigodiaptomus 207 mourae, Ceriagrion 208 Moserius 97 montezumensis, Pyrgulopsis 211 mouroniensis, Zosterops 54 monticola, Archaeolacerta 243 mossambica, Croilia 169 Mouse, Alabama Beach 233 monticola, Leiostyla 127 mossii bayensis, Callophrys 252 Mouse, Alpine 197 monticola, Melanotaenia 205 mostbento, Oligophlebodes 255 Mouse, Anastasia Island Beach 233 monticola, Nanocochlea 1 16 MOTACILLIDAE 48, 157 Mouse, Black Hills Meadow Jumping232 monticola, Zoothera 161 motebensis, Barbus 71 Mouse, California Red Tree 197 monticularis, Bunolagus 28 Moth, American Chestnut 186 Mouse, Chadwick Beach Cotton 233 monticularis, Petromyscus 144 Moth, Bent Wing Swift 252 Mouse, Choctawhatchee Beach 233 montis, Praomys 197 Moth, Blackburn's Sphinx 254 Mouse, Dalzura Pocket 231 montisatris. Colophon 99 Moth, Busk's Gall 252 Mouse, Delany's 242 Noctuid montisserrati, Diploglossus 59 Moth, Ceromatic 253 Mouse, Dollman's Tree 144 Chestnut Clearwing 186, 254 montivagus, Myotis 138 Moth, Mouse, Durant's Northern Grasshoper Moth, Chestnut Ermine 186 montosa, Alticola 23 233 Moth, Confused 186 montserratensis, Trochoidea 175 Mouse, Durrani's Northern Grasshopper Moth, Green Carposinid 252 233 Montserratirm 174 Moth, Green-Banded Ohe Ohe Leaf-roller Mouse, Florida 26 Moonrat, Dinagat 6 254 Mouse, Harvest 144 mooreana, Partula 191 Moth, Hawaiian Hopseed Looper 186 Mouse, Hastings River 26 moorei, Etheostoma 83 Moth, Hebard's Noctuid 253 Mouse, Izenhood Kangaroo 232 moorei, Streptocephalus 91 Moth, Hilo Noctuid 186 Mouse, Jacumba Pocket 232 Moorhen, Gough 36 Moth, loxantha Looper 252 Mouse, Key Largo Cotton 233 Moorhen, Samoan 36 Moth, Kaholuamano Noctuid 186 Mouse, Lakeland Downs 143 Moorhen, San Cristobal 36 Moth, Kern Prirm-ose Sphinx 254 Mouse, Los Angeles Pocket 232 Mopi 13, 139 Moth, Kerr's Noctuid 186 Mouse, Meadow Jumping 242 moquini, Haematopus 150 Moth, Ko'olau Giant Looper 186 Mouse, Monomy White-footed 233 Ti moralesi, Notropis Moth, Kona Giant Looper 186 Mouse, Mountain Spring Pocket231 Mordacia 69, 201 Moth, Laysan Dropseed Noctuid 186 Mouse, Northern Birch 143 mordax, Harpiocephalus 138 Moth, Laysan Noctuid 186 Mouse, Owyhee River Kangaroo 232 mordax, Notomys 178 Moth, Lemmer's Noctuid 253 Mouse, Pacific Pocket 232 mordax, Pipistrellus 139 Moth, Levuana 187 Mouse, Palm Springs Pocket 232 mordax, Stumira 137 Moth, Lovegrass Noctuid 186 Mouse. Perdido Key Beach 233 moreaui, Nectarinia 161 Moth, Marbled Underwing 253 Mouse, Pilliga 26 moreaui, Orthotomus 51 Moth, Midway Noctuid 186 Mouse, Point Reyes Jumping 232 moreleti, Clavator 120 Moth, Minute Noctuid 186 Mouse, Ponce de Leon Beach 233 moreletii, Crocodylus 199 Moth, Necker Leaf-miner 252 Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping232 Morelia 234 Moth, Ohe Ohe Leaf-roller 254 Mouse, Red-bellied Harvest 233 Morenia 166 Moth, Ohenaupaka Oeobian253 Mouse, Salinas Pocket 242 morenoi, Glossophaga 137 Moth, Ola'a Peppered Looper 186 Mouse, Salt-marsh Harvest 26, 233 moretonicus, Hyridella 255 Moth, Phleophagan Chestnut 186 Mouse, San Diego Pocket 231 Moth, Poko Noctuid 186 Mouse, Santa Rosa Beach 233 morhua , Gadus 77

321 1 1 3 2 1

Mouse, Shark Bay 26 163 mutata, Batillaria 210 Mouse. Smoky 26 Munia, Pictorella 163 mutica, Omphalotropis 210 Mouse, Soda Spring Valley Kangaroo232 Munia, Yellow-rumped 163 Muticaria 174 Mouse, Southeastern Beach 242 munionga larana, Oreisplanus 252 mulicus, Pavo 35 Mouse, Southern Birch 143 tnunitus, Noturus 168 MUTILLIDAE 251 Mouse, Southern Grasshopper 233 munroi, Nesotocus 248 mutisii, Eremophilus 204 Mouse, Southern Marsh Harvest245 Muntiacus 20, 197. 227 mutoni, Praomys 144 Mouse, Spiny 23 Muntjac, Black 20 muttui, Muscicapa 159 St Andrews Beach 233 Mouse, Muntjac, Fea's 197 muwu, Ammopelmatus 108 Mouse, Steppe 144 Muntjac, Gongshan 197 Muzquiz, Bagre de 75 Mouse, Tulare Grasshopper 233 mupinensis. Turdus 161 Muzquiz, Platy de 80 Mouse, Western 26 murayamai, Euhndra 213 mweruensis, Bellamya 120 Mouse, White-eared Pocket 142, 232 Murexia 193 Myadestes 51, 159 Mouse-lemur, Coquerel's 13 MURICIDAE 173,213 myadestinus, Myadestes 51 moussoni, Palaina 210 Muricopsis 213 Myaka, Myaka 85 moutoni, Renea 113 muriculus, Gerbillus 242 myaka, Myaka 85 Moxostoma 75, 168, 203, 243, 246 Muriculus 25 Myaka 85 Mucket, Neosho 1 1 MURIDAE 23, 131, 143, 178. 197, 232, MYCETOPHILIDAE 250 Muckel, Orangenacre 172 242, 245 Mycotrupes 250 Mucket, Pink 1 1 muriei, Chasmistes 183 Mycteria 31, 147 Mucket, Salina 255 murina tatei, Sminthopsis 219 Mycteroperca 83, 206 mucronala, Quadrasiella 210 murina, Microperorycles 193 mydas, Chelonia 63, 234 Mud-minnow, European 76 12, 194 Murina 138, Mydaus 17 Mudalia, Black 118 murinus, 26 Pseudohydromys myersi, Maoricicada 25 Mudalia, Knob 118 Muriqui 14 Myiagra 51, 159, 181 Mudfish, Black 204 murivora, 'Athene' 181 Myioborus 56, 163 Mudfish, Brown 168 muroides. Chiropodomys 143 Mudfish, Canterbury 77 Myiophobus 156 murphyi, Acanthomyops 99 Mudminnow, Olympic 168 Myiophonus 51, 159 murphyi, Ngairea 214 muelleri, Heleia 161 Myiomis 156 murrayense, Pieurobema 1 1 muelleri, Hylobates 140 Myiotheretes 47, 156 Murrelet, Craveri's 150 muelleri, Lewinia 36 mvlergates, Labrochromis 184 Murrelet, Japanese 38 muellerianus, Chalepoxenus 100 MYLIOBATIFORMES 70 Murrelet, Marbled 150 muenninki, 27 Mylothris 253 Tokudaia Murrelet, Xantus's 150 muensis, 214 Myna, Apo 164 Noctepurm Murunducaris 133 Myna, Bare-eyed 164 mufumbiri, Laniarius 157 25, 197 Mus 144, Myna, Collared 164 Mugger 58 Musashitomiyo 247 Myna, Helmeted 164 MUGILIDAE 86, 244 Muscardinus 145 MYOBATRACHIDAE 67, 167, 182,201 Mugilogobius 87 Muscicapa 51, 159, 199 MYODOCOPIDA 97 miihlenbergii, Clemmys 64 MUSCICAPIDAE 49, 132, 158, 181, 198, myoides, Xeromys 27 mujanensis, Microtus 25 242 Myomimus 28 mulatla. Macaca 140 musciculus, Pipislrellus 139 mulciber Myomys 25, 144 elwesii, Euploea 237 muscina, Kerivoula 12 Myonycleris 9 mulelensis, Alytes 66 muscinus, Hipposideros 10 myopica, Neoleptoneta 207 Muigara 3 Muscipipra 156 muliensis, myoporicola. Oliarus 251 Ochotona 197 Muscocyclops 132 Myopterus 194 mulleri, Homopholis 165 muscosa, Rana 68 Mullet, Freshwater 244 Myopus 144 musculus , Balaenoptera 225 Mullet, Saint Lucia Myosciurus 22 86 musculus brevicauda, Balaenoptera Myosorex 7 multilamellala, Thaumalodon 190 225 multipunctam, 152 Myospalax 25, 144 Tyto musculus, Balaenoptera 18 multiradiatus. Myotis, Barters 245 Girardinichthys 80 musicola, Hedylepta 186 myotis, Myotis 138 multispinosus, Gronocarus 250 Muskrat, Rio Grande 233 muitistriala, Mvotis 12, 13, 138, 177, 194, 245 Charmosyna 152 Musonycteris 11 muhisulcata, mVoXIDAE 27, 145 Mysorelloides 119 MUSOPHAGIDAE 42, 152 multivesiculatus, myoxinus, Microcebus 13 Lutodrilus 172 musschenbroekii, Macrogalidia 18 Myoxocephalus 244 multivolvis, Planorbella 1 1 Mussel, Dromedary Pearly 1 10 Myoxus 145 muhocarinata, Bolyeria 182 Mussel, Dwarf Wedge 255 myrella, Kerivoula 12 muluensis, Lacconeclus 249 Mussel, Oyster 255 Myrmecia 101 munda, Galaxiella 168 Mussel, Salamander 255 Myrmeciza 46 mundaus, Stygobromus 89 mussoi, Neusticomys 25 MYRMECOBIIDAE 3 mundus, Monarcha 159 Mussonena 122 Myrmecobius 3 munggai, Pachysaga 109 Mustela 17, 177, 195, 224 Myrmecophaga 5 Mungos 195 MUSTELIDAE 17, 140, 177, 195, 224, m'yrmecophagidae 5 Mungotictis 17 245 Myrmecoxenus 101 Munia, Black 163 mustelina, Achatinella 120 MYRMELEONTIDAE 254 Munia, Grey-banded 57 mustelinus, Lepilemur 1A\ Myrmica 101 Munia, Grey-crowned mustersi, Batrachuperus 68

322 1 1 794 8

myrmicoxena. Myrmica 101 nanus, Accipiter 1 48 Neacomys 144 Myrmoborus 46 nanus, Cerion 123 NEANURIDAE 250 Myrmosula 251 nanus, Mesocapromys 28 nearcticus, Nemapalpus 99 Myrmotherula 46, 155 nanus, Pseudomys 144 neavei, Lanistes 114 Mysateles 146 28, nanuj, Pyrgulopsis 211 nebulosa, Neofelis 16 97 MYSIDACEA nanus, Somalogyrus 212 nebulosus, Picumnus 155 MYSIDAE 97 nanus, Spizaetus 33 nebulosus, Pseudocordylus 59 Mysorelloides 119 nanus, Taoniscus 29 nechesae, Procambarus 95 mysorensis, Zoslerops 162 Napaeus 121, 133,244 neckerensis, Nysius 251 mystacea, Aplonis 164 Napolhera 51, 159 neckerensis, Petrochroa 252 mystacea, Geotrygon 151 napu nigricans, Tragulus 226 necra, Carelia 189 177 Mystacina 13, narasingha narasingha, Erebia 253 Necrospar 182 MYSTACINIDAE 13, 177 narcondami, Aceros 44 Nectarinia 53, 161, 242 mystax, Calomyscus 143 Narwhal 196 NECTARINIIDAE 53, 161, 242 mysticetus , Balaena 224, 225 nasalis, Philanthus 251 Nectomys 25 mysticetus, Balaena 129 Nasalis 15 Nectophrynoides 66 Mystromys 25 nasarovi, Microtus 144 Necydalis 248 Myjrai 209 Nase, Dalmation 202 Neduba 109, 187 Myxus 244 Nase, South European 167 Needle-clawed, Northern 139 Myzomela, Crimson-hooded 199 na,so, Antechinus 193 neergaardi, Nectarinia 161 Myzomela, Red-rumped 162 naTO, Euchoreutes 23 nefrens, Armatobalanus 208 Myzomela, Rotuma 54 najo, MelasmothrLx 24 neglectissimum, Falniowskia 173 Myzomela, White-chinned 199 na.90, Paulamys 178 neglectus, Argyrodiaptomus 207 Myzomela 54, 162, 199 nasomaculatus, Addax 20 neglectus, Molossops 13

Myzopoda 1 nassa, Lavigera 1 1 neglectus, Pappogeomys 23 MYZOPODIDAE 11 nassula, Elimia 1 1 neglectus, Phalacrocorax 147 mzymlae, Cordulegaster 106 WaiHa 17 negrina, Crocidura 6 Nabarlek 135,220 Nasuella 195 Nehalennia 106 naccarii, Acipenser 70 na.r«i, Coregonus 204 neiWi, Leopoldamys 24 NACELLIDAE 187 nasus, Lamna 69 neislerii, Amblema 1 10 nachicola, 213 Euhadra nasuta, Ligumia 172 Nekogigi 76 Nadus 59, 182 nasuta, Percina 169 ne/i, Colophon 99 Naemorhedus 21, 141,229 nasuta, Rhinoclemmys 166 nelsoni, Ammospermophilus 22 naessi, Paracyclopia 92 nasutus, Eptesicus 12 nelsoni, Bufo 66 naevius, Ramphodon 153 nasutus, Lanistes 1 1 nelsoni, Heteromys 23 naevoja, Stictonetta 32 natalensis, Cephalophus 130 nelsoni, Miloderes 248 nahani, Francolinus 198 natalensis, Kinixys 166 nelsoni, Nasua 17 nahuelbutensis, Diplomysles 203 nalalensis, Neritina 209 nelsoni, Neotoma 25 naivashae, Tachyoryctes 27 natalensis, Paradiaptomus 92 nelsoni, Oryzomys 178 /Va/a 200 natalensis, Tomicha 1 1 nelsoni, Terrapene 200 nakadai, Lamellidea 188 NATALIDAE II, 137 nelsoni, Vireo 163 Nakea, Oopu 206 natalis, Zosterops 162 nelsoni, Xenomys 145 namibensis, Laephotis 12 Natalus 11, 137 Nemacheilus 74, 203 Namibocypris 185 Natator 63 nemaeus, Pygathrix 15 Namibomis 159 nationi, Chaetophractus 5 Nemapalpus 99 namiyei, Rana 68 nativitatis, Rattus 178 Nematogenys 204 nana, 137 Brachyphylla natricina, Physella 210 Nematostella 128 nana, Cyanolyca 58 narru: ce«;, Natrix 234 nemestrina, Macaca 15 nana, Eurycea 68 natrix schweizeri, Natrix 234 nemorale, Bradypodion 164 nana, Microstrophia 128 A^arrM 61,234 nemoricola, Gallinago 37 nana, Stiobia 116 nattereri, Anthus 48 Nemosia 55 nana, Stumira 1 nattereri, Ctenomys 145 NEMOURIDAE 254 nananae, Tropocyclops 92 nattereri, Heliconius 104 Nemours 254 Nancibella 190 naHii, Partulina 213 Nene 32 nancillus, Cerbillus 143 NAUCORIDAE 251 NEOBALAENIDAE 242 Nannatherina 206 Naultinus 243 NEOBISIIDAE 89, 207 Nannoperca 82 naumanni, Falco 33 neobrittanicus, Hydromys 24 Nannopsittaca 152 nausithous, Maculinea 170 neocaledonicus, Chalinolobus 12 Nannospalax 25 navai, Hylorchilus 49 Neochanna 77, 168, 204 nannotis, Litoria 66 navajo, Stenopelmatus 1C9 Neochen 147 Nanocochlea 116 navasi, Pyrenaearia 175 Neochmia 57 Nanocopla 92 nayaur nayaur, Pseudois 230 Neocrex 150 Nanodectes 109 nayaur szechuanensis, Pseudois 230 NEOCYCLOTIDAE 117,188 nanodes, Napaeus 133 nayaur, Pseudois 141 Neodiaptomus 92 Nanogovi'/is 87 nazas, Cyprinodon 243 neodiversus, Euastacus 96 Nanoplectrus 255 Nazas, Sardinita 246 Neodrepanis 47 nanoserranus, Prognathochromis 184 ndamanyiluensis, Gulella 216 Neofelis 16

323 3 1 1 1 1

NEOGASTROPODA 120,173,213 Nesokia 144 nickliniana contracosta, Neogobius 206 Nesolagus 29 Helminthoglypta 239 Neohoratia 211 Nesomanlis 68 nicobarica, Caloenas 150 Neohydromys 25 Nesomimesa 251 nicobarica, Crocidura 6 neokohli, Pheidole 101 Nesomimus 49 nicobarica, Tupaia 8 Neoleptoneta 207 Nesophontes, Atalaye 177 nicobariensis, Hypsipetes 48 Neolissochilus 73 Nesophontes, Haitian 177 nicobariensis, Megapodius 34 neomexicana, Pyrgulopsis 256 Nesophontes, Saint Michel 177 nicolli, Ploceus 57 neomexicanus, Plethodon 68 Nesophontes, Western Cuban 177 Nicrophorus 99 Neomixis 159 Nesophontes 177 nidipendulus, Hemitriccus 156 Neomorplms 42, 152 NESOPHONTIDAE 177 nieuwenhuisii, Pycnonotus 198 Neonemobius 133 nesopolus, Myotis 138 nigella, Elliptio 110 Neonympha 253 Nesopsar 163 niger avicennia, Sciurus 230 Neophaedusa 214 Nesopupa 127,191,216,217 n/ger cinereus, Sciurus 23 Neophema 41, 152 Nesorestias 251 n/ger shermani, Sciurus 23 Neophoca 242 Nesoryzomys 25, 178 n/ger variani, Hippotragus 228 Neophocaena 196, 225 Nesospiza 55 fji'ger vulpinus, Sciurus 23

Neoplanorbis 1 1 Nesosydne 251 nige/', Cephalophus 141 Neopteryx 9 Nesothauma 254 n(ger, Hippotragus 130 Neorapana 213 Nesotocus 248 n/ger, Melanosuchus 58 neosa, Cryptochia 255 Nesotriccus 47 niger, Pteropus 9 Neosalanx 76 W«ror 41, 152, 181 niger, Yunnanilus 75 Neoscaptor 8 netscheri, Nesolagus 29 nigerrimus, Nesopsar 163 Neoseps 60 nettingi, Plethodon 68 nigerrimus, Polyergus 101 Neosilurus 247 neumanni, Tropodiaptomus 92 Night-heron, Japanese 31 Neospiza 56 neumoegeni, Papilio 105 Night-heron, Mauritius 179 Neothauma 120 Neurergus 201 Night-heron, Rodrigues 179 Neothramma 255 NEUROPTERA 254 Night-heron, White-eared 31 Neothraupis 162 Neusticomys 25 nightingaleensis, Katechonemertes 128 Weorw 150 Neulrodiaptomus 207 Nightjar, Bonaparte's 153 Neotoma 25, 144, 233 nevadae, Crenichthys 79 Nightjar, Cayenne 198 Neotragus 131, 141 nevadensis ssp., Cyprinodon 247 Nightjar, Itombwe 43 Neotrichia 254 nevadica olmosa, Cicindela 248 Nightjar, Long-trained 153 neoxenus, Euptilotis 44 nevermanni, Lonchura 163 Nightjar, Puerto Rican 43 Nephronaias 255 nevilli, Erepta 190 Nightjar, Pygmy 153 Nephrurus 59 nevilli, Gonospira 191 Nightjar, Roraiman 153 Nightjar, Salvadori's NEPTICULIDAE 186 newberryi, Eucyclogobius 87 198 Neptis 253 newcombi, Nesopupa 216 Nightjar, Sickle-winged 153 Nightjar, Vaurie's 43 Weprw 253 Newcombia 120, 121, 188 Nightjar, White-winged 43 nequam, Hipposideros 10 newelli, Hypena 186 nigra abingdoni, Geochelone 234 nereis, Rhinolophus 137 newelli, Puffinus 30 mgra fcec<:i, Geochelone 234 nereis. Sterna 38 Newnhamia 98 nigra chathamensis, Geochelone 234 NERILLIDAE 110 Newt, Great Crested 132 nigra darwini, 234 NERITIDAE 112, 173,209 newtoni, Coracina 48 Geochelone nigra Neritilia 173,209 newtoni, Ctenoglypta 190 ephippium, Geochelone 234 Neritina 112,209 newWni, Fulica 180 nigra galapagoensis, Geochelone 234 nigra guntheri, Geochelone neritinoides, Stanleya 119 newloni, Gonidomus 191 235 nigra neritoides, Lanistes 114 newtoni, Lanius 48 hoodensis, Geochelone 235 Nerodia 246 newtoni, Mesocricetus 25 nigra microphyes, Geochelone 235 nigra nerterius, Cambarus 93 newtoni, Thomea 214 porteri, Geochelone 235 Nesasio 42 Newtonia, Red-tailed 5 nigra vandenburghi, Geochelone 235 Neseis 251 Newtonia 51 nigra vicina, Geochelone 235 Nesidiolesles 251 newtoniana, Prionodura 132 nigra, Astrapia 164 nigra, Nesillas 159, 181 Ngairea 214 Geochelone 65 nesiotes, Acomys 143 ngarduaisi, Palaua 215 nigra, Macaca 15 nesiotes, Deinocossonus 248 nghetinhensis, Pseudoryx 22 nigra, Melanoperdix 149 nigra, 52 nesiotes, Scotorythra 186 niangarae. Mops 13 Pomarea nesiotica, Hirasea 214 nianguae, Etheostoma 83 nigra, Tandonia 215 nigra, nesioticus, Bulimulus 126 nicaraguensis, Quiscalus 163 Trithemis 107 nigrescens, nesioticus, Erebonectes 92 nicefori, Thryothorus 49 Gila 72 nigrescens, nesiotis, Gallinula 36 nichollsi, Ardops 137 Macaca 129 Nesithmysus 248 nickajackensis, Caecidotea 97 nigrescens, Pacifastacus 93 Nesocichla 159 nickliniana awania, Helminthoglypta nigrescens, Prognathochromis 184 Nesoclopeus 36, 180 239 nigrescens, Russatus 214 nesocrabo bidecoratus, Eclemnius 25 nickliniana bridgesi, Helminthoglypta nigrescens, Thoopterus 136 Nesocryptias 251 239 nigricans nigricans, Poecilmitis 252 Nesoctites 155 nigricans zwartbergae, Poecilmitis 252

324 1 3

nigricans, Aspideretes 65 niofce, Lariscus 142 nolthenii, Vandeleuria 27 nigricans, Chinemys 200 n/ofce, Orachrysops 103 Nomoramphus 205 nigricans, 87 Padogobius nipalensis, Aceros 44 Nomorhamphus 81 nigricapillus, Lioptilus 159 nipalensis. Bubo 152 Nonnula 154 nigricauda, Liobagrus 76 nipalensis. Pitta 156 nonpareil, Chilonopsis 192 nigriceps, Ardeotis 37 NIPHARGIDAE 90, 237 Nopili, Oopu 169 nigriceps, Callithrix 14 Niphargobates 90 norae, Sudisorex 8 nigriceps, Orthotomus 159 Niphargus 90, 237 nordmanni, Glareola 150 nigricollis hernandezi, Saguinus 221 niphobles, Takifugu 207 norfolcensis, Petaurus 135 nigricollis, Grus 36 nippon aplodontus. Cervus 227 Norfolcioconch 123 nigrifrons rubidus. Cephalophus 228 nippon grassianus, Cervus 227 norfolkensis, Norfolcioconch 123 nigrifrons, Cephalophus 141 nippon keramae, Cervus 227 norfolkensis, Posticobia 188 nigrigenis, Agapomis 39 nippon kopschi, Cervus 227 noricum, Bythiospeum 115 nigriloris, Estrilda 57 nippon mandarinus, Cervus 227 norrisi, Acicula 1 1 nigrimas, Oryzias 80 nippon mantchuricus, Cervus 227 nortoni, Stygobromus 89 nigrimentum, Ploceus 57 nippon pseudaxis, Cervus 111 nossima, Amauris 104 nigrinoda, Graptemys 166 nippon pulchellus, Cervus 227 notabilis, Binneya 213 nigripes, Dacnis 54 nippon sichuanicus, Cervus 227 notabilis, Lichmera 199 nigripes, Hylopeles 142 nippon taiouanus, Cervus 111 notabilis, Nestor 152 nigripes, Muslela 177 nippon yesoensis. Cervus 227 Notarthrinus 252 nigripinnis, Coregonus 183 nippon, Nipponia 31 notata, Campethera 154 nigrirostris, Andigena 1 54 Nipponia 31 notata, Kimberleyeleotris 169 nigrita, Scotophilus 139 Nirodia 103 notatus, Cotumicops 198 nigritella, Trochomorpha 217 nishinoi, Cyathopoma 210 notatus, Thomasomys 145 nigritus, Epinephelus 82 niledula. Dryomys 145 Notechis 234 nigriventer, Discogiossus 182 nilella, Dupontia 124 notera, Palline 214 nigrivestis, Eriocnemis 43 nitendiensis, Pteropus 9 Nothaldonis 248 nigrobrunnea, Tyto 42 nitens, Cochlicopa 245 nothapalinus crenatum, Opeas 240 nigrocapillus, Nothocercus 146 nitens, Haliplus 249 Nothobranchius 79 nigrocapitatus, Stenopelmatus 133 nitida, Ogasawarana 209 Nothocercus 146 nigrocinctus, Procambarus 95 nitidissima, Alectroenas 180 nothofagi, Eusthenia 209 nigrocoerula subtropica, Cicindela 248 nitidissima, Chlorochrysa 54 Nothomyrmecia 101 nigrocyaneus, Todirhamphus 154 nitidulus, Formicoxenus 100 Nothoprocta 29 nigrofasciatus, Puntius 132 nitidus, Liolaemus 199 Nothura, Lesser 29 nigrogularis, Clytorhynchus 158 Nitocreila 96 Nothura 29 nigrogularis, Phalacrocorax 147 f!ito(, Atelognathus 66 Notiomystis 54 nigrogularis, Psophodes 52 nitratoides exilis, Dipodomys 232 notius, Micropterus 169 nigrohamatum, Megalagrion 171 nitraloides nitratoides, Dipodomys Til Notochelys 200 nigrolineatum, Megalagrion 106 nitratoides, Dipodomys 142 Notodiaptomus 92 nigrolineatus, Syngnathus 205 nivalis, Chionomys 143 NOTODROMADIDAE 98 nigromaculatus, Yunnanilus 75 nivalis, Daphnia 91 Notomys 25, 144, 178 nigropectus, Biatas 45 nivalis, Leptonycteris 1 NOTONEMOURIDAE 254 nigropunctatus, Ponlinus 82 niveatus, Epinephelus 82 Notopala 120 nigrorufa, Ficedula 158 niveogularis, Aegithalos 161 NOTOPTERIDAE 167 nigrorufa, Sporophila 55 Niveoscincus 60 Notopteris 9 nigrorufus, Centropus 42 nivicola borealis, Ovis 229 NOTORYCTEMORPHIA 4 nigrorum, Stachyris 52 nivicola nivicola, Ovis 230 Notoryctes 4 nigrostriata, Galaxiella 168 nivicola, Ovis 131 NOTORYCTIDAE 4 nigroviridis, Allenopithecus 140 Niviventer 144 notosaurus, Oligosoma 243 nihoae, Banza 109 njombe, Cisticola 158 notosticta, Aimophila 162 nihoae, Nysius 251 noanamae, Bucco 154 NOTOSTRACA 97 nihoaensis, Eupelmus 251 nobilis, Gambusia 80 Notropis 73, 168, 183, 202 nihoaensis, Sclerodermus 251 nobilis, Moho 181 nottensis, Cupedora 122 niihauensis, Odynerus 251 nobilis, Petaurista 142 Noturus 75, 168,203 noualhieri, Monomorirm 100 ni'Ar/jiZi, Oligodon 200 nobrei, Conus 120 novacaledoniae, nikolausi, Megadendromus 24 Nobuea 210 Rhantus 185 Nilgai 130 Noctepuna 214 novacapitalis, Scytalopus 46 novaeangliae, Megaptera 18 nilgiriensis, Parantica 171 noctitherus, Caprimulgus 43 Nilssonia 66 noctivagus, Crypturellus 146 novaeguineae, Harpyopsis 33 Niltava, Fujian 159 NOCTUIDAE 186,253 novaeguineac, Planigale 3 Niltava 159 Nodipecten 209 novaehebudorum. Hippocampus 81 novaeseelandiae, nimbae, Crocidura 241 nodosa, Partula 191 Falco 149 nimherlinus, Prymnbriareus 244 nodosus, Alsodes 201 novaeseetandiae, Thinomis 37 nimbus, Oreokera 214 noguchii. Sapheopipo 45 novaesi, Philydor 45 novaezelandiae, Cotumix 180 njnae, Zaprochilus 109 nokomis caerulescens, Speyeria 253 novaezelandiae, Himantopus 37 Ningbingia 122 nokomis nokomis, Speyeria 253 novaezelandiae, Ixobrychus 179 Mnox 42, 152 nollothi, Aloeides 102

325 8

novelta, Amplirhagada 256 nyroca, Aythya 32 occidentalis, Avahi 14 Novumbra 168 Nysius 251 occidentalis, Daphnia 91

Nsess 86 ny-5io««-r, Lanistes 1 14 occidentalis, Dysithamnus 45 nuba, Neotis 150 oahuense, Megalagrion 106 occidentalis, Geopsittacus 41 nubiana, Capra 21 oahuensis, Nesopupa 216 occidentalis, Glacidorbis 113 nubila caymanensis, Cyclura 234 oahuensis, Phyllococcus 186 occidentalis, Leucoptemis 33 nubila lewisi, Cyclura 234 oaii5, Hydroporus 248 occidentalis, Linderiella 169 nubila nubila, Cyclura 234 oaxacae, Kinostemon 166 occidentalis, Mouldingia 122 nubila, Cyclura 60 oaxacensis, Microtus 144 occidentalis, Nectophrynoides 66 nubila, Polyphylla 250 obbiensis, Spizocorys 157 occidentalis, Onychorhynchus 47 nubilus, Aloeides 102 Ofce/ui 126 occidentalis, Otomys 25 nubrica, Ochotona 242 oberi. Icterus 163 occidentalis, Pila 173 nuchale, Etheostorrm 83 oberlaenderi, Zoothera 161 occidentalis, Poeciliopsis 168 nuchalis, Garrulax 159 oberthueri, Pyrenaearia 175 occidentalis, Pseudocheirus 4 nuchalis, Parus 53 oberthurii, Ideopsis 104 occidentalis, Pseudohydromys 26 nuchisquamulatus, Xystichromis 86 obesa, Brazieria 217 occidentalis, Pseudomys 26 nucifraga, Cherax 208 obesiuscula, Boettgeria 123 occidentalis, Ptychobranchus 172 nucleopsis, Pleurobema 112 obesoductus, Arion 213 occidentalis, Strix 153 nudicollis, Procnias 156 obesulus fusciventer, Isoodon 219 occidentalis, Triodopsis 215 nudicostata, Setomedea 174 obesulus nauticus, Isoodon 219 occidentaloides, Trimerotropis 108 nudiventris , Acipenser 235 obesulus obesulus, Isoodon 219 occiduus, Celestus 182 nudiventris, Acipenser 70 obesulus peninsulae, Isoodon 219 occiduus, Gerbillus 24 nudiventris, Typhlobarbus 74 obesus , Thunnus 88 Occirhenea 127 nueces, Procambarus 95 obesus, Thunnus 236 occulens, Trimerotropis 108 Nukupuu 56 obeyensis, Cambarus 93 occulta, Vertigo 175 nulemex, Mexistenasellus 97 obiensis, Melomys 144 occullata, Leptoxis 1 1 nulloporius, Engaeus 95 obliquata obliquata, Dysnomia 255 oceanicum, Megalagrion 106 Numbat 3 obliquata obliquata, Epioblasma 238 oceanicus, Lacconectus 249 Numenius 37, 38, 150 obliquata perobliqua, Dysnomia 255 Oceanides 251 numidicus, Theodoxus 209 obliquata perobliqua, Epioblasma 238 Oceanites 197 nunatakensis, Dicrostonyx 197 obliquicosta, Pupilla 191 Oceanodroma 30, 146, 197, 198 Nunlet, Chestnut-headed 154 obliquidens, Haplochromis 85 ocellata lyncus, Lethe 253 nuptialis, Anoplolepis 100 obliquidens, Lagenorhynchus 242 ocellata. Agriocharis 149 nusatenggara, Cynopterus 136 obliquus, Chaetodon 84 ocellata, Leipoa 34 Nuthatch, Algerian 53 obliquus, Elasmodontomys 179 ocellata, Morenia 166 Nuthatch, Beautiful 53 obliviosus, Rousettus 136 ocellata, Phelsuma 165 Nuthatch, Corsican 161 oblonga, Chelodina 165 ocellata, Rheinardia 35 Nuthatch, Giant 53 Obovaria 111, 172 ocellata, Tumix 149 Nuthatch, Snowy-browed 161 obruta, Helix 125 ocellatus smithi, Rhodeus 236 Nuthatch, White-browed 53 obscura, Edelia 82 ocellatus, Cyrtonyx 149 Nuthatch, Yellow-billed 53 obscura, Luscinia 51 Ocelot, Texas 223 Nuthatch, Yunnan 53 obscura, Metrarga 251 Ochotona 28, 146, 197, 233, 242 nux, Bulimulus 126 obscura, Pentarthrum 248 OCHOTONIDAE 28, 146, 179, 197, 233, nyakalensis, Litoria 66 obscura, Telmatherina 79 242 Nyala 131 obscurus, Lariscus 142 ochracea, Leptodea 172 Nyala, Mountain 22 obscurus, Artibeus 137 ochraceifrons, Grallaricula 155 nyanzae, Harpagochromis 184 obscurus, Carcharhinus 69 ochraceiventris, Leptotila 39 nyassanus, Bulinus 113 obscurus, Charadrius 37 ochraceus, Contopus 156 Nyctalus 13, 138 obscurus, Hemignathus 181 ochreata brunnescens, Macaca 245 n.vcrea5, Neptis 253 obscurus, Hipposideros 136 ochreata, Macaca 194 nvctelia, Cecilioides 215 obscurus, Lagenorhynchus 195 ochrocephala, Mohoua 5 1 NYCTERIDAE 10, 136 obscurus, Mesomys 197 ochrogaster, Penelope 34 Nycteris 10, 136 obscurus, Tetraophasis 149 ochrogaster, Rhipidomys 145 Nycticebus 14 obserata, Actinella 174 ochroleucus, Hylopezus 155 Nycticeius 139 obsoleta neojuvenalis, Cicindela 248 ochropectus, Francolinus 35 Nycticorax 179 obtecta, Spirorbula 174 ochropyga, Drymophila 155 Nyctimene 9, 136, 177 obtusidens, Gaurochromis 184 Ochrotrichia 254 Nyctimystes 66 obtusifrons, Hephaestus 206 ochsneri, Bulimulus 126 Nyctiphrynus 153 obtusirostris, Calcochloris 241 Ochthebius 249 Nyctophilus 13, 139, 177 obtusirostris, Salmothymus 11 Ochthoeca 156 nylephtha, Ecchlorolestes 171 obtusus, Cylindrus 174 ochthogyra, Omphalotropis 210 Nymph, Sthenele Wood 253 obtusus. Sorruitogyrus 212 Oclandius 248 nympha. Pitta 47 Ocarfia 166,200 oconnori, Rhytida 127 NYMPHALIDAE 104, 170, 208, 237, octaploidus, Bulinus 173 244, 253 occidentalis lacusanserinus, Catostomus 246 octava, Ningbingia 122 Nymphophilus 256 occidentalis sonorensis, Poeciliopsis Octodon 28 nyoraensis, Boeckella 91 236 OCTODONTIDAE 28

326 f I octolamellata, Taipidon 190 oinotheke, Eucrenonaspides 90 Oncifelis 16,241 octomaculala, Dalla 208 Ojiazul, Guayacon 184 Onconotus 109 oclosetaceus, Mergus 32 okalehubyi, Hydaticus 248 Oncorhynchus 11, 204. 247 ocularis, Graphiurus 28 okaloosae, Etheostoma 83 Ondatra 233 ocularis, Pteropus 9 okamurai, Cipangocharax 213 oniscus, Oryzomys 144 oculata, Stagonopleura 163 Okapi 141 onondagaensis, Stygobromus 89 oculifera, Graptemys 64 Okapia 141 Ofii/owi, Phalacrocorax 31 oculta, Parapheidole 101 okatie, Elassoma 83 Onthophagus 250 Ocyceros 154 okeana, Allocharopa 174 Onychodiaptomus 207

ODOBENIDAE 224 okiensis, Hynobius 68 Onychogalea 4, 177 Odobenus 224 okinawae, Gallirallus 36 Onychognathus 57 Odocoileus 227 okinawanus, Rhipidolestes 107 Onychogomphus 107 odomae, Memllura 153 okinawensis, Hemicordulia 106 Onychomys 233 ODONATA 105, 171, 187. 208, 237, 244 oklediensis, Melanotaenia 78 ONYCHOPHORA 109, 171, 187, 209, 255 ODONTASPIDIDAE 69 okuensis, Lamottemys 24 Onychorhynchus 47 odontina, Erepta 125 okuensis, Myosorex 7 Onychostoma 73 ODONTOCERIDAE 255 olailae, Callicebus 194 Oo, Bishop's 54 Odontodiaptomus 207 Olallamys 146 Oo, Hawaii 181 Odontophorus 35, 149 oleacina, Videna 217 Oo, Kauai 54 Odontopodisma 108 Oleacina 190 Oo, Oahu 181 Odynerus 251 OLEACINIDAE 190, 215 oophorus, Xenopoecilus 81 Oecanthus 108 oleagineus, Zosterops 54 Oopu 206 Oecetis 254 olearia, Ranella 173 oosthuizen, Lepidochrysops 103 Oecomys 25 oZ/ox, Mycteroperca 83 opalescens, Cynolebias 79 oeconomus amakensis, Microtus 232 Oliarces 254 Opanara 123 oeconomus elymocetes, Microtus 232 Oliarus 251 oparica, Ruatara 123 oeconomus innuilus. Microtus 232 Oligoaeschna 106 Opata. Malalote 75 oeconomus popofensis, Microtus 232 OLIGOCHAETA 109. 172 Opea.! 240 oeconomus punukensis, Microtus lil Oligodon 200 Openbill, Asian 147 oeconomus sitkensis, Microtus 232 oligolepis, Toxotes 244 operculina, Hirasea 124 oeconomus, Microtus 144 Oligolepis 169 Opheodrvs 165 Oedemasylus 185 OLIGONEURIIDAE 250 OPHIDIIFORMES 77, 204. 247 oedippus, Coenonympha 171 Oligophlebodes, Tombstone Prairie255 Ophidiocephalus 60 oedipus, Saguinus 14 Oligophlebodes 255 Ophiogomphus 244 oedipus, Schistura 75 Oligoryzomys 25, 144 Ophiogomphus 107. 171. 238 oenanthe, Callicebus 14 Oligosoma 60, 61, 165, 200, 243 Ophisternon 82, 205 oen<3A:, Wilfredomys 242 olivacea, Carelia 189 Ophrvsia 35 Oenomys 197 olivacea, Lepidochelys 63 OPILIONES 88 oenops, Columba 38 olivacea, Nasuella 195 opiocephalus, Zosterisessor 207 Oeobia 186 olivacea, Pyrgulopsis 211 opiranus, Turgenitubulus 122 Oeoblia 253 olivaceofuscus, Turdus 161 opislherythra, Rhipidura 160 oerstedi citrinellus, Saimiri 222 olivaceus, Criniger 48 opisthomelas, Puffinus 30 oerstedi oerstedi, Saimiri 222 olivaceus, Geocolaptes 154 Opisthopatus 187 oerstedii, Saimiri 15 olivaceus, Hypsipetes 48 Opisthotropis 61,200 Oestophora 174 olivaceus, Varanus 61 Opsaridium 73 Offachloritis 122 Olive-pigeon, Comoro 151 optima, Ogasawarana 209 Optioservus 249 offella, Boromys 178 oliveri, Cyclodina 243 opudi, ogasawarae, Boninena 121 oliveri, Haematopinus 98 Telmatherina 79 ogasawarae, Boninosuccinea 128 oliviae, Columba 38 opuntia, Micrarionta 125 ogasawarana, Gastrocopta 191 olivieri, Amaurornis 36 Orachrysops 103 oralis, Pseudomys ogasawarana, Lamellidea 120 o/i'viV, Tumix 35 26 ogasawarana, Ogasawarana 209 olivula, Elimia 117 Orambanonga 208 Orambato 208 ogasawarana, Trochochlamys 124 ollula, Sylvisorex 241 Orang-utan 16 Ogasawarana 112,209 Olm 68 Orangia 123 ogasawarensis, Hemicordulia 106 Olomao 51 oratrix, Amazona 40 ogasawarensis, Rhinocypha 106 Oloplotosus 76 Oravelia 251 OgiVfcifl 204 olrogi, Andalgalomys 23 orbicularis, Emys 165 ogilbyi crusalbum, Cephalophus 228 olympiae, Carabus 98 orbignyi, Rhantus 185 ogilbyi, Melanotaenia 205 omalonotus, Pachypanchax 243 orbitalus, Hemitriccus 156 ogilbyi, Cephalophus 141 omeiensis, Liocichla 51 orca, Notropis 183 og/ei, Stachyris 52 Omphalotropis 114, 187,210,256 orca, Orcinus 129 Ogmodon 62 Onager 225 Orcaella 195 ogmoraphe, Pyrgulopsis 256 onca, Panthera 140 orcesi, Pyrrhura 41 Ognorhynchus 41 onca, /fa/Ml 68 Orchesticus 162 oheoheana, Spheterista 254 Onchobarus 248 ORCHESTIIDAE 90 ohridana, Acantholingua 11 Onchomys 233 orcinus orcinus, Niphargus lYl Ohridohauffenia 188 Onchotelson 97

327 orcinus, Procambarus 95 orientalis, Uperoleia 201 osborni, Clidomys 179 Orcinus 129 orientalis, Vespertilia 13 Osbornictis 195 Orconectes 94, 237 orientissimus, Microcryptorhynchus248 osbumi, Etheostoma 169 orconectoides, Hobbseus 94 Origma 159 osburni, Vireo 163 orcula, Pupisoma 133 Origma 159 oscillans, Rhinomyias 160 Orcula 175,215 oWi, Crocidura 7 oscitans, Anastomus 147 ORCULIDAE 175,215 orinocensis, Lonchorhirta 137 oscitans, Potamopyrgus 173 Ordtrachia 122, 174 orinus, Galagoides 194 osculus ssp., Rhinichthys 246 Oreailurus 16 Oriole, Black 164 osgoodi, Monodelphis 3 orea.? oreai, Lepidochrysops 252 Oriole, Isabela 57 osgoodi, Rhinolophus 194 areas, Chrysoritis 170 Oriole, Martinique 56 osgoodi, Tinamus 197 areas, Dendromus 23 Oriole, Montserrat 163 osimensis, Tokudaia 11 areas, Picathartes 52 Oriole, Sao Tome 57 osmana, Papilio 105 ORECTOLOBIFORMES 201 Oriole, Silver 57 OSMERIDAE 76, 204 aregona, Dolophilodes 255 Oriole, St Lucia 163 Osmerus 204 Oregonian, Mission Creek 127 Oriolia 49 Osmoderma 99 57, 164, 199 Oregonichthys 73, 168 ORIOLIDAE osorio, Crocidura 7 164 oreias, Myatis 194 Ono/»i 57, Ospatulus 73 oriplancta, 252 oreinos, Trichia 215 Dirce ostenta, Coracina 48 oriundus, Sylvisorex 8 Oreisplanus 252 OSTEOGLOSSIDAE 70, 167, 202 OWi/w 166 Oreochromis 85, 247 OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES 70, 167, 202 Oreoglanis 76 omata, Terrapene 166 Osteolaemus 58 OREOHELICIDAE 126,239 ornata, Lampsilis 172 Ostodes 212 Oreohelix 126,239 ornata, Perdicella 213 OSTREOIDA 209 Oreokera 214 ornata, Urocissa 58 otagense, Oligosoma 61 Oreolyce 252 omatus, Scotomanes 139 otaheitana, Partula 127 Oreomanes 162 ornatus, Anthops 10 otareae, Sinployea 190 Oreomava 123, 214 omatus, Liophis 61 OTARIIDAE 17,224,242 Oreomystis 56 ornatus, Pteropus 9 othcaloogensis, Dysnomia 255 Oreonecles 75 ornatus, Tremarctos 18 othcaloogensis, Epioblasma 110 Oreophasis 34 Ornipholidotos 252 othnius, Kondoconcha 123 areophila, Catamenia 162 Ornithoptera 105, 171, 208, 244 othus, Lepus 242 oreopolus, Sorex 136 Oroaetus 148 OTIDIDAE 37, 150, 242 Oreoscapus 159 oron, Philocasca 255 0/1.S 37 Oreothraupis 55 Oropendola, Baud% 56 Otocolobus 223, 241 oreotragus parteousi, Oreotragus 229 orophobata, Niphargobates 90 Otolemur 139 oreotragus, Oreatragus 131 orostruthus, Arcanator 50 Otomops 13 Oreotragus 131, 229 Orpheus, Pachycephala 160 Otomys 25, 144 Oreotrochilus 153 orramakunna, Engaeus 96 Otopteropus 9 oresterus, Heteramys 142 Ortalis 34 Otter, European 245 Orestias 80, 168, 205 ORTHALICIDAE 126, 190, 215, 239. 256 Otter, Giant 17 organiaca, Pyrenaearia 175 Orthalicus 215 Otter, Hairy-nosed 17 orgygia, Belenois 253 Orthetrum 209, 238 Otter, La Plata 245 Oribi 131 Onhogeomys 22, 142 Otter, Marine 17 Oribi, Haggard's 229 orthognathus, Oryzias 80 Otter, Oriental Small-clawed 140 Oribi, Kenya 229 ORTHOPTERA 108, 133, 187, 209, 254 Otter, Smooth-coated 17 oriensis, Srilankamys 145 orthostoma, Platyla 210 Otter, Southern River 17 orientalis aphion, Ovis 230 orthostoma, Pyxichromis 86 Otter-civet 18 orientalis arkal, Ovis 230 Orthotomus 51, 159 Otter-shrew, Nimba 5 orientalis bocharensis, Ovis 230 ort(Z(, Incaspiza 162 Otter-shrew, Ruwenzori 5 orientalis cyclaceros, Ovis 230 oO(Z(, Oestophora 174 ottomana, Erebia 253 orientalis gmelinii, Ovis 230 ortmanni. Villosa 256 Om.r 42, 152, 153,245,246 orientalis isphahanica, Ovis 230 ortoni, Penelope 34 o(waven.?ii, Oreomava 123 orientalis laristanica, Ovis 230 orycta, Pronesopupa 216 Ou 56 orientalis musiman, Ovis 230 Oryctes 250 ouachitae, Plethodon 167 orientalis orientalis, Ovis 245 Orymaeus 121 oualanensis, Delos 216 orientalis punjabiensis, Ovis 230 Oryx, Arabian 21 oubanguii, Mus 25 orientalis severtzovi, Ovis 230 Oryx, Beisa 229 Ougapia 216 orientalis vignei, Ovis 230 Oryx, Fringe-eared 229 ourebi haggardi, Ourebia 229 orientalis, Collocalia 198 Oryx, Scimitar-horned 21 ourebi keniae, Ourebia 229 orv,)i:, ourebi, orientalis, Crocidura 7 Tragelaphus 131 Ourebia 131 orientalis, Jaculus 143 Ory^: 21, 131,229 Ourebia 131,229 orientalis, Magurnda IM Oryzias 80, 81 oustaleti, Phylloscartes 156 orientalis, Mouldingia 122 oryzivora, Padda 57 outeniqua, Lepidochrysops 103 orientalis, Ovis 21 Oryzoborus 162 ovata. Lampsilis 172 orientalis, Paradelma 60 Oryzomys 25, 144, 178, 197, 233 ovata. Vertigo 175 orientalis, Poecilmitis 103 orza/, Helicella 174 ovatula, Palaina 210

328 1 3

oviforme, Pleurobema 112 pachysloma, Ryssota 215 pallialus, Cinclodes 45 Ovis 21, 131,229,230,245 Pachystyla 190 palliatus, Paraxerus 22 ovuliformis, Cylichnidia 124 pachyta, Pyrgulopsis 211 pallida, Jardinella 116 owenii, Apteryx 29 Pacifastacus 93 pallida, Vulpes 195 Owl, Andaman Hawk 152 pacifica. Drepanis 181 pallidiceps. Atlapetes 54 Owl, Andaman Scops 152 pacifica, Gallinula 36 pallidiceps, Columba 38 Owl, Buff-fronted 152 pacifica, Myrmosula 251 pallididorsum, Etheostoma 83 Owl, Fearful 42 pacifica, Syncaris 93 pallidigaster, Anthreptes 53 Owl, Laughing 181 pacificum, Megalagrion 106 pallidipectoris, Acanthochelys 62 Owl, Madagascar Red 42 pacificus, Gallirallus 180 pallidistylus, Diaphlebia 107 Owl, Mauritian 181 pacificus, Larus 150 pallidula, Nehalennia Owl, Powerful 42 106 pacificus, Mesoplodon 196 pallidus restrictus, Microdipodops 232 Owl, Rodrigues Little 181 pacificus, Octodon 28 pallidus, Conolophus Owl, Spotted 153 59 pacij, Doronomyrmex 100 pallidus, Euoticus 139 Owl, Unspotted Saw-whet 152 packardi, Lepidurus 97 Owlet, Albertine 42 pallidus, Luciogobius 206 fafida 57, 163 pallidus, Owlet, Chestnut-backed 152 Phloeomys IA4 Paddlefish 70 Owlet, Forest 42 pallidus, Sphiggurus 178 Paddlefish, Chinese 70 fa//i«e Owlet, Long-whiskered 153 214 Pademelon, Calaby's4 Owlet-nightjar, New Caledonian 43 pallipes, Austropotamobius 93 Pademelon, Dusky 4 owstoni, Chrotogale 18 pallipes, Cyornis 158 Pademelon, New Guinea 4 owstoni, Gallirallus 180 palliseri, Bradypterus 158 padiraci, Bythinella 115 Palmal, Ox, Vu Quang 22 Cachorrito de Charco 1 83 Padogobius 87, 169 oxiana, Naja 200 palmarum, Charmosyna 152 pagensis pagensis, Macaca 245 oxleyana, Nannoperca 82 palmarum, Corvus 164 pagensis, Macaca 15 Oxychaeta 103 palmarum, Rattus 26 pagensis, Maxomys 144 Oxychilus 128, 175 palmeri, Myadestes 51 pagoda, Gyrotoma 117 Oxyeleotris 206 palmeri, Porzana 180 pagodiformis, Bellamya 120 Oxyepoecus 101 palmeri, Rhodacanthis 181 pagodula, Turgenitubulus 122 Oxyethira 254 palmeri, Tamias 22 pagodula, Videna 2\7 Oxygastra 106 Palmeria 56 pagrus, Pagrus 84 Oxylapia 85 Palpopleura 107 Pagrus 84 Oxyloma 128 pa/«, Atrophaneura 208 pagurus, Isothrix 146 Oxymycterus 25 paludica, Cobitis 168 paillona, Renea 113 oxyrhynchus, Notropis 202 paludicola, Acrocephalus 49 Pait 73 Paludinella oxyrhynchus, Prototroctes 183 210,211 Palacanthilhiopsis 116 Paludiscala oxyrinchus desotoi, Acipenser 235 116 palaciosi, Iberocypris 72 Paludomus oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, Acipenser 235 119 Paladilhia 116, 173 palumboides, oxyrinchus, Acipenser 167 Columba 151 Paladilhiopis 116 oxyrinchus, Coregonus 204 palustre, Pellomeum 51 Palaemnema 108 oxytropis, Discula 124 palustris hefiieri, Sylvilagus 234 Palaemoneles 95 palustris oxyura, Treron 151 natator, Oryzomys 233 Palaemonias 93 Oxyura 32 palustris, Crocodylus 58 PALAEMONIDAE 95 palustris, oyapocki, Neusticomys 25 Quiscalus 182 palaemophagus, Ospatulus 73 palustris, Oystercatcher, African 150 Sporophila 55 palaestinensis, Acicula 1 1 Oystercatcher, Canary Islands 180 palustris, Tropodiaptomus 207 palaestinensis, Slrongylogrmthus 102 Oystercatcher, Chatham Islands 37 Pampa-finch, Pale-throated 162 Palaina 210,211,256 ozarkensis, Fusconaia 172 pa«, Poecilmitis 208 Palata 74 ozarkensis, Pyrgulopsis 21 fan 16,223 palata, Spratellicypris 74 panamensis, ozarkensis, Somatochlora 171 Tylomys 27 palatilis, Zyzomys 27 ozarkensis, Stygobromus 89 panamintus, Gerrhonotus 59 palatina, Neoloma 144 ozensis, Myotis 194 panarcys, Cyprinella 71 Pa/a«a 215 Ozotoceros 141,227 Panchala 252 palauensis, Assiminea 210 Pacarana 28 pancheri, Leuchocharis 126 palauensis, Megazoslerops 161 Panda, Giant 17 pachomai, Kawanphila 109 palawanense, Malacopteron 51 Panda, Lesser 18 Pachycephala 132, 159, 160 palawanensis, Crocidura 1 Pandaka 87 pachycephalus, Cyprinodon 79 palawanensis, Tupaia 8 Pangasianodon 76 pachycephalus, Harpagochromis 184 Palawanomys 25 PANGASIIDAE 76, 203 pachycheilus, Cephalakompsus 71 fa/ra 166 Pangasius 203 Pachychilon 168,202 Paleoxenus 249 panglima, Maxomys 144 pachygaster, Liosaccus 88 palfreymani, Niveoscincus 60 Pangolin, Chinese 142 pachyotis, Eptesicus 138 Palikirus lU Pangolin, Indian 142 Pachypanchax 79, 243 Palila 56 Pangolin, Malayan 142 Pachyramphus 156 pallasi hamica, Ochotona 233 Pangolin, Temminck's Ground 142 pachyrhyncha, Rhynchopsitta 41 pallasi sunidica, Ochotona 233 pani, Cuora 200 pachyrhynchus, Eudyptes 29 palliata aequatorialis, Alouatta 241 panini, Penelopides 44 Pachysaga 109 palliata mexicana, Alouatta 221 paniscus, Ateles 241

329 1

paniscus, Pan 16 paradiseus, Ptiloris 164 paraplagiostoma, Harpagochromis 184 panizzai, Knipowitschia 206 paradoxa. Vertigo 217 Pararge 253 pannonico, Sadleriana 116 paradoxa, Carelia 189 Pararlemia 91 panonica, Imnadia 92 paradoxa, Carinurella 90 parasitica, Manica 100 Panoquina 170, 252 Paradoxa 213 parasitica, Pheidole 101

panoquinoides errans, Panoquina 252 paradoxolophus, Rhinolopfius 1 parasiticum, Tetramorium 102 Pantagenia 186 Paradoxornis 51. 160 PARASTACIDAE 95, 208 Pantanodon 80 paradoxura, Crocidura 7 PARASTENOCARIDIDAE 133 Panther, Florida 224 Paradoxurus 18.224 paratactis, Scotorythra 186 Panthera 16, 140, 223, 224 paradoxus, Cardiocranius 23 Paralelmatobius 67, 243 pantheratus, Anetia 170 paradoxus, Reithrodontomys 145 Paratherina 78 pantherina, Percina 84 paradoxus, Solenodon 5 Paratica 237 Pantholops 21 Paraegista 213 Paratilapia 244 Pantinonemertes 217 parafragilior, Megalobulimus 126 Paravitrea 175 pantostictum. Cichlasoma 85 Paragalaxias. Arthurs 77 Paraxerus 22. 142 Panuco, Bagre del 203 Paragalaxias 11 pardalis albescens, Leopardus 223 Panulena 190 Paragomphus 107 Pardalote. Forty-spotted 53 Papagomys 25, 178 paraguiarti, Prognathochromis 184 Pardalotus 53 Papasula 30 Parahelicops 200 Pardiglanis 203 Papilio 244 Parakeet. Antipodes 40 pardinus. Lynx 16 papilio, Eurypegasus 205 Parakeet. Black-fronted 181 Pardofelis 195 Papilio, Taita Blue-banded 253 Parakeet, Blue-chested 41 Pardosa 88 Papilio 105, 171, 208, 244, 253 Parakeet. Carolina 180 pardus japonensis, Panthera 223 PAPILIONIDAE 105, 171,208,244,253 Parakeet, Cuban 40 pardus kotiya, Panthera 223 Papillodenna 175 Parakeet, Derbyan 152 pardus melas, Panthera 223 PAPILLODERMIDAE 175 Parakeet, EI Oro 41 pardus nimr, Panthera 223 Parakeet, Ranie-winged41 Papillogobius 169 pardus orientalis, Panthera 223 papulosa, Parakeet, Golden 40 Pseudibis 147 pardus panthera, Panthera 223 papio, Papio Parakeet, Golden-capped 40 140 pardus saxicolor, Panthera 223 Pap/o Parakeet, Golden-plumed 41 140 pardus tulliana, Panthera 224 Parakeet, Grey-cheeked 152 Pappogeomys 22. 23, 142 Pareas 200 Parakeet, Hispaniolan40 papua, Hipposideros 10 parens, Cettia 158 Parakeet. Horned 40 papuae. Melanotaenia 243 Paretroplus 85 Parakeet, Intermediate41 papuanus, Pipistrellus 139 pariae, Myioborus 56 Parakeet, Mauritius 41 papuanus, Rhantus 185 PARIDAE 53. 161 papuensis, Archboldia Parakeet, Newton's 181 58 Parides 105, 171,208 Parakeet. Nicobar 152 papuensis, Clupeoides 202 parilis, Granulina 213 papuensis, Parakeet. Norfolk Island 40 Microperoryctes 193 parina, Xenodacnis 163 Parakeet. Raiatea papuensis, 180 Otomops 13 parinacotensis, Orestias 205 Parakeet, Red-masked 152 papuensis, Spilocuscus 193 parkeri, Chelodina Parakeet, Rose-headed 152 62 Papuexul 174 Parakeet, Rufous-fronted 40 parkeri, Cylloepus 249 Papustyla 214 parkeri, Parakeet. Santa Marta 41 Herpsilochmus 46 papyracea, Achatinella 1 88 Parakeet. Slender-billed 152 parkinsoni, Procellaria 30 Paracoelops 10 Parakeet. Socorro 40 parma, Macropus 135 Paracoenia 250 Parakeet. White-necked 41 Parmacella 127 Paracrocidura 241 Parakeet, Yellow-fronted 152 PARMACELLIDAE 127 Paracrocidura 1 Paralabidochromis 85 pamaguae, Megaxenops 45 Paracyclopia 92 Paralabrax 168 Parnassian, Shepard's CIodius253 Paracymus 249 Paraleptomys 25 Parnassian. Strohbeen's CIodius253 Paradelma 60 Paralucia 103 Pamassius 105, 253 Paradiaptomus 92 Parambassis 206 paropius, Enterochromis 85 Paradigalla, Long-tailed 164 Paramelania 119 Paroreomyza 56, 163, 181 Paradigalla 164 Paramenia 90 parorthostoma, Pyxichromis 185 Paradisaea 58, 164 PARAMELITIDAE 90, 185 Parosphromenus 88 PARADISAEIDAE 58, 164, 199 Paramesotriton 68 Parotia, Wahnes's 58 Paradise-flycatcher, Annobon53 paramicrus, Nesophontes 111 Parotia 58 Paradise-flycatcher, Bedford's 160 Paramiella 212 Parras, Perrito de 183 Paradise-flycatcher, Blue 160 parreyssi, Paramorariopsis 96 Belgrandiella 1 15 Paradise-flycatcher, Cerulean 50 Paranaspides 90 parrishi, Cambarus 93 Paradise-flycatcher, Japanese 160 Parrot, Olive-shouldered Parantechinus 3 151 Paradise-flycatcher. Rufous 160 Parantica Parrot, Alexandra's 41 Paradise-flycatcher, Seychelles53 104, 171,244 Parrot, Black-Iored 41 Paradise-kingfisher, Biakl54 Paranyctimene 136 Parrot, Blue-beIIied41 Paradise-kingfisher, Little 198 Parapheidole 101 Parrot. Blue-naped 41 paradisea, Crus 36 Paraphlebia 107 Parrot, Blue-rumped 152 paradisea, Paraphoxinus 13, 202 Omithoptera 244 Parrot. Fuertes's 41 Paradisefish, Ornate Parapinnixa 96 132 Parrot, Golden-shouldered 41

330 1 1 1 1 1 21 1 2 11 1

Parrot, Ground 242 Partulina 121, 188.213 pauliani, Typhleotris 87 Parrot, Hooded 152 PARUUDAE 55, 163 paulicoba, Palaemnema 108 Parrot, Maroon-fronted 41 Paruromys 25 paulinae, Liolaemus 199

Parrot, Mascarene 1 8 Parus 53, 161 paulistana, Zilchogyra 125 Parrot, Mauritius 181 parva. 'Nanocochlea' 256 paulistus, Phylloscartes 47 Parrot, Mauritius Grey 180 pan/a, Cincinnatia 115 paulsoni, Epigomphus 107 Parrot, Night 41 parva, Deinacrida 209 paulus, Crateromys 23 Parrot, Orange-bellied 41 parva, Dubiraphio 249 pauper, Camarhynchus 162 Parrot, Paradise 1 8 parva, Melanotaenia 78 Pauraque. Jamaican 43 Parrot, Pesquet's 41 parva, Oecetis 254 pauxi, Pauxi 34 Parrot, Pileated 152 parva, Pyrenaearia 175 Pauxi 34 Parrot, Red-faced 41 parva, Viridonia 56 Pavo 35 Parrot, Rodrigues 181 parvani orientalis, Proasellus 237 pawpela, Glacidorbis 209 Parrot, Rusty-faced 41 parviceps, Scortum 206 paykullii, Porzana 150 Parrot, Scarlet-chested 41 parvidens, Cheiromeles 139 peaci, Nothaldonis 248 Parrot, Seychelles 181 parvidens, Cynomys 131 Peaclam, Montane 256 Parrot, Superb 41 parvidens, Euroscaptor 8 Peacock-pheasant, Bomean 35 Parrot, Swift 41 parvidens, Hylogomphus 171 Peacock-pheasant, Bronze-tailed 149 Parrot, Thick-billed 41 parvidens, Marmosops 135 Peacock-pheasant, Germain's35 Parrot, Turquoise 152 parvidens, Mautodontha 189 Peacock-pheasant, Malayan 35 Parrot, Yellow-eared 41 parvipes, Ncctomys 25 Peacock-pheasant, Mountain 35 Parrotbill, Black-breastedSl parvula, Jenkinsia 71 Peacock-pheasant, Palawan 35 Parrotbill, Black-browed 160 parvula, Peafowl, Congo 34 Parrotbill, Brown-winged 160 Microgale 5 parvula, Peafowl. Green 35 Parrotbill, Grey-hooded 51 Rhogeessa 139 Pearlfish, Ginger 79 Parrotbill, Maui 56 parvula, Taheitia 212 Pearlfish, Minute 79 Parrotbill, Reed 160 parvulus, Medionidus 1 1 Pearlfish. Opalescent 79 Parrotbill, Rufous-headed 160 parvulus, Proasellus 97 Pearlfish. Splendid 79 Parrotbill, Rusty-throated 51 parvulus, Somatogyrus 212 Pearlshell, Louisiana 110 Parrotbill, Short-tailed51 parvus, Burramys 4 Pearlymussel, Birdwing 1 1 Parrotbill, Spectacled 160 parvus, Cherax 208 Pearlymussel, Cracking 1 1 Parrotfinch, Green-faced 57 parvus, Clidomys 179 Pearlymussel, Curtis 255 Parrotfinch, Pink-billed 57 parvus, Galaxias 204 Pearlymussel, Littlewing 1 1 Parrotfinch, Red-eared 57 parvus, Hylomys 6 Pearlymussel, Slabside 172 Parrotfinch, Royal 57 parvus, Hylomyscus 242 pearsei, Typhliasina 11 Parrotfish, Rainbow 87 parvus, Margaretamys 24 pearsoni, Solisorex 1 Parrotlet, Amazonian 152 parvus, Stygobromus 89 pearsoni, Uramphisopus 97 Parrotlet, Brown-backed 41 parvus, Thennocyclops 132 pearsoniana, Litoria 66 Parrotlet, Golden-tailed 41 Paryphanta 175,216 pearsonii, Belomys 142 Parrotlet, Red-fronted 152 parzefalli, Mexistenasellus 97 Pebblesnai , Angular 211 Parrotlet, Spot-winged 41 pasadenas, Syncaris 185 Pebblesnai , Ash Meadows 211 Parrotlet, Yellow-faced 40 Pask?4viza 73 Pebblesnai , Atlas 212 parryii kodiacensis, Spermophilus 231 paskai, Pseudomugil 205 Pebblesnai , Cahaball5 parryii lyralus, Spermophilus 23 Pasmaditta 216 Pebblesnai , Channeled 212 parryii nebulicola, Spermophilus 23 pasonis, Ashmunella 1 75 Pebblesnai , Columbia 211 parthenopaeum, Cymatium 173 PASSERIFORMES 45, 132, 155, 181, Pebblesnai , Coosa 212 parthenopaeum, Ranella 173 198, 242, 246 Pebblesnai , Dwarf 21 Partridge, Annam 34 Passerina 162 Pebblesnai , Flat 116 Partridge, Black 149 pastazae, Galbula 44 Pebblesnai , Ruted212 Partridge, Buff-throated 149 pastinator, Cacatua 152 Pebblesna , Goldend211 Partridge, Chestnut-breasted 34 patagonum, Dolichotis 145 Pebblesnai , Granite 212 Partridge. Chestnut-headed 34 paterculus, Pipistrellus 139 Pebblesnai , Hidden 212 Partridge, Chestnut-necklaced34 Danio 72 pathirana, Pebblesnai , Knotty 212 Partridge. Chestnut-throated 149 patrius, Pseudomys 26 Pebblesnai , Moapa 21 Partridge, Hainan 34 patrizii, Asellia 10 Pebblesna , Moom212 Partridge, Orange-necked 34 patlersoni, Trogloglanis 75 Pebblesnai Mud 212 Partridge, Rusty-necklaced 149 patula, Palairm 211 Pebblesnai , Oachita 21 Partridge, Sichuan 34 Pature, Papillon La 105 Pebblesnai , Opaque 212 Partridge, Taiwan 149 paucidens, Gulella 216 Pebblesnai .Ovate 212 Partridge. White-cheeked 149 paucidentata, Alionycteris 8 Pebblesnai . Pahranagat21l Partridge, White-necklaced34 paucispinus, Sebastes 82 Pebblesnai .Pygmy 212 Partula, Fat Guam 127 PAUCITUBERCULATA 3 Pebblesnai .Quadrate 21 Partula, Mount Alifana 191 Paulamys 178 Pebblesna: .Rolling 212 Partula, Radiolate 127 , Savannah 212 pauli, Bassaricyon 17 Pebblesna: Partula, Sutural 239 Pebblesna: . Sparrow 212 pauli, Lamnifera 123 Partula 127,190, 191,239 Pebblesna .Stocky 212 pauliani, Afrocyclops 185 PARTULIDAE 127, 190, 215, 239 Pebblesna , Tallapoosa 212 pauliani, Apaturopsis 253 Partulina, Splendid 121 Pebblesna: , Tennessee 212 pauliani, Otus 42

331 I 1 1 1 1

Pebblesnail, Thick-lipped212 PELOBATIDAE 235 Perch, Oxleyan Pygmy 82 Pebblesnail, Umbilicate 188 Pelochelys 66 Perch, Russian River Tule 247 pecatonica, Acanthometropus 186 Pelocoris 251 Perch, Silver 83 Peccary. Chacoan 20 PELOMEDUSIDAE 64, 132, 200 Perch, Variagated Pygmy 82 pechumani, Tachysphex 170 Pelomys 25 Perch, Yarra Pygmy 82 pecki. Glyphyalinia 217 peloponnesica, Platyla 210 Perchlet, Agassiz's 206 pecki, Procambarus 95 peloponnesius, Barbus 202 Perchlet, High-Finned Glass 206 pecki, Stygobromus 90 peltastes, Cylindraspis 182 Perchlet, Kokoda Glass 206 Perchlet, Yellow-Fin 244 pecos, Assiminea 114 Peltocephalus 64 PERCICHTHYIDAE 82, 206, 236 pecos, Gammarus 90 PELTOPERLIDAE 254 Percichthys 206 pecosensis, Cyprinodon 79 Peltophryne 66 PERCIDAE 83, 169, 184, 206, 247 pecosensis, Pyrgulopsis 21 Peltotrupes 250 PERCIFORMES 82, 132, 168, 184, 206, pectardens, Luscinia 159 pelurus, Rattus 26 236, 244, 247 pectinata, Prislis 69 Pelusios 65, 200 Percilia 206 PECTINIDAE 209 pelzelni, Aplonis 57 Percilla 206 pectoralis, Aphelocephala 50 pelzelnii, Tachybaptus 29 Percina 84, 169 pectoralis, Harpagochromis 184 pembae, Nectarinia 161 percivali, Cloeotis 136 pectoralis, Herpsilochmus 46 pembaensis, Otus 153 percnurus, Phoxinus 203 pectoralis, Heteromunia 163 pembaensis, Treron 151 percoi, Moserius 97 pectoralis, Polystictus 156 pembertoni, Peroinyscus 178 percoides, Prognathochromis 184 pectorosa, Actinonaias 1 72 penduliger, Cephalopterus 46 PERCOPSIFORMES 77 pedderensis, Galaxias 76 Pene 124 Perdicella 121, 188, 213 pedderensis, Romankenkius 192 Penelope 34, 149 Perdicula 35 pedderensis, Westriplectes 255 Penelopides 44, 154 perdita, Hirundo 48 pedderi, Glacidorbis 209 Penescosta 123 Perdita 251 pedester, Mycotrupes 250 Penguin, Erect-crested 29 perdix, Partulina 121 Pedetes 27 Penguin. Fiordland 29 peregrina, Polygyra 175 PEDETIDAE 27 Penguin, Galapagos 29 peregusna peregusna, Vormela 224 PEDIONOMIDAE 36 Penguin, Humboldt 146 perexilis, Campolaemus 192 Pedionomus 36 Penguin, Jackass 146 perfuscus, Liophis 61 perfo, Saga 109 Penguin, Snares Islands 29 pergandei, Pedostibes 66 Penguin, Yellow-eyed 29 Monomorium 101 pergrisea, Crocidura 1 pedunculatus, Zyzomys 27 penicillata ogilbyi, Bettongia 219 Pericrocotus 157 pce/i, Microdillus 144 penicillata penicillata, Bettongia 219 periglenes, 66 peelii mariensis, Maccullochella 236 penicillata, Bettongia 129 Bufo perijae, Gracilinanus 193 pefauri, Telmatobius 201 penicillata, Petrogale 4 PEGASIDAE 81,205,236 penicillatus, Eliurus 24 perijana, Schizoeaca 155 peringueyi, Ecchlorolestes 108 Pegasus 81, 205, 236 penicillatus, Medionidus 1 1 peringueyi, 73 pege, Oravelia 251 penicillatus, Pycnonotus 157 Opsaridium peringueyi, Phyllodactylus 199 Pegias 1 1 peninsularis, Myotis 12

periosus, 1 peguensis, Pipistrellus 194 penita, Dysnomia 255 Choeroniscus 171, 209 pelagicus, Haliaeetus 33 penita, Epioblasma 110 PERIPATIDAE 109, Peripatoides 109 pelagonicus, Chirocephalus 91 pennata, Rhea 146 PERIPATOPSIDAE 109, 187,255 Pelargopsis 153 penningtoni, Capys 102 Peripatopsis 109, 187 PeZea 131 penningtoni, Lepidochrysops 103 periscelis, Carelia 189 PELECANIDAE 30 penningtoni, Poecilmitis 103 Perisoreus 58 PELECANIFORMES 30, 146, 179, 198 pennsylvanicus chihuahuensis, Pelecanoides 30 Microtus 245 PERISSODACTYLA 19, 130, 141, 178, 225, 242 PELECANOIDIDAE 30 pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli, perjurus, Eidoleon 254 Pelecanus 30 Microtus 232 perkensi, Oceanides 251 Pelecus 202 pennsylvanicus kincaidi, Microtus 232 perkins, Nesomimesa 251 peled, Coregonus 204 pentadactyla, Manis 142 perkinsi, Machiloides 254 pelengensis, Tarsius 194 Pentalagus 29 perkinsi, Newcombia 121 pelerei, Belgrandiella 115 Pentarthrum 185,248 PERLIDAE 254 pelewana, Aaadonta 214 pephredo, Lepidochrysops 103 perlonga, Lyropupa 191 pelewensis, Hungerfordia 210 Peponocephala 242 perlucida, Dupontia 124 pe/i, Saccolaimus 136 pequinius, Myotis 138 permixtus, Pipistrellus 194 Pelican, Dalmatian 30 perahuensis, Opanara 123 123 Pelican, Spot-billed 30 peramata, Brookesia 59 Pemagera pernanus, Mastomys 24 pe/i';', Anomalurus 145 PERAMELEMORPHIA 4, 177, 193, 219 pernix, Myiotheretes 47 Pellegrini, Rheocles 205 Perameles 4, 177, 219 perobesus, Bothriembryon 121 pellisserpentis, Scaevatula 213 PERAMELIDAE 4, 177, 219 23, 142, 232, Pellomeum 51 Perca 206 Perognathus 242 peromyscus, Praomys 197 pellucida, Amastra 1 89 Percarina 84 pellucidum, Etheosloma 83 Perch, Balkhash 206 Peromyscus 26, 144, 178, 233, 242 pellucidus, Allocrangonyx 89 Perch, Balston's Pygmy 206 peronii, Charadrius 150 Pelobales 235 Perch, Macquarie 206 peronii, Dobsonia 8

332 2 1 1 1 3

peronii, Lissodelphis 195 periri, Corms 82 Phalanger 4, 193, 219, 241 peronii, Zoothera 161 pe(i/i, Clyptophysa 1 1 PHALANGERIDAE 4, 193, 219, 241 Peroryctes 193 petiti, Heterocyclus 116 PHALANGODIDAE 88 PERORYCTIDAE 193 pcnri, Paretroplus 85 Phalanta 253 perotensis, Spermophilus 142 petkovskii, Stygodiaptomus 92 Phalcoboenus 149 perotteti, Pristis 69 Petrel, Atlantic 30 Phallodrilus 110 perovalis, Lampsilis 172 Petrel, Barau's 30 PHALLOSTETHIDAE 79 perovatum, Pleurobema 1 1 Petrel, Beck's 30 Phallostethus 79 perpallidus, Notropis 168 Petrel, Bermuda 30 P/wfier 139,220 perplexa, Tischeria 186 Petrel. Black 30 Phapitreron 39 perplexus, Amphicyclotulus 117 Petrel, Black-capped 30 P/wp5 151 perpurpurea, Villosa 256 Petrel, Chatham Islands 30 Pharomachrus 153 perpusilla, Auriculetla 213 Petrel, Cook's 30 Pharotis 13 Petrel, Defilippe's 30 perrieri, Prognathochromis 185 pharyngomylus, Labrochromis 184 Petrel, Fea's 30 perroquini, Heterocyclus 116 Phascogale, Brush-tailed 219 30 perrugosa, Panulena 190 Petrel, Fiji Phascogale, Brush-tailed 135, 219 Petrel, Galapagos 30 persephone, Aeshna 105 Phascogale, Red-tailed 3 Petrel, Hawaiian 30 persephone, Betta 88 Phascogale 3, 135, 219 Petrel, Jamaica 30 persephone, Petrogale 4 PHASCOLARCTIDAE 135 Petrel, Magenta 30 persephone, Rhadine 248 Phascolarctos 135 Petrel, Mascarene Black 30 Phascolosorex 193 persicus , Acipenser 235 Petrel, Providence 30 phasianetla, Beddomeia 1 14 persicus, Acipenser 70 Petrel, Pycroft's 30 PHASIANIDAE 34, 149, 180, 198 persicus, Batrachuperus 68 Petrel, Westland 30 P/ia«i 103,252 persoluta, Pseudocampylaea 190 Petrel, White-necked 30 PHASMATIDAE 187 personata orientalis, Melogale 224 Petrel, Zinc's 30 PHASMATOPTERA 187 personata, Dysnomia 187 Petrochroa 252 Phasmodes 109 personata, Epioblasma 110 Petrodromus 245 Phaulomys 26 personata, Heliopais 37 Petrogale 4, 135,220,241 phayrei, Trachypithecus 194 personata, Prosopeia 152 Pelroica 51, 199 Pheasant, Bulwer's 35 personata, Rhipidura 160 Petromyscus 26, 144 Pheasant, Cheer 34 personatus barbarabrownae, PETROMYZONTIDAE 69, 167, 183, Pheasant, Copper 149 Callicebus 111 201, 246 Pheasant, Edwards's 35 personatus maritimus, Geomys 23 69, 167, PETROMYZONTIFORMES Pheasant, Elliot's 35 personatus melanochir, Callicebus 221 183,201,246 Pheasant, Golden 149 personatus nigrifrons, Callicebus 221 67 petropolitana, Thoropa Pheasant, Hume's 35 personatus, Callicebus 221 personatus Petropsaro 7 Pheasant, Imperial 35 23 personatus streckeri, Geomys petterdi, Angrobia 114 Pheasant, Lady Amherst's 149 personatus, Callicebus 14 petterdi, Beddomeia 114 Pheasant, Mikado 149 personatus, Myomimus 28 peucetia penningtoni, Ornipholidotos Pheasant, Reeves's 35 perspicax, Penelope 34 252 Pheasant, Salvadori's 35 perspicillata, Lutra 17 Pewee, Ochraceous 156 Pheasant, Sumatran 35 perspicillata, Malacocincla 51 Pezophaps 180 Pheasant, Swinhoe's 149 perspicillatus, Phalacrocorax 179 Pezoporus I'il Pheasant, Vietnamese 35 pertricosa, Dipnelix 214 pfefferi, Calamaria 200 Phegornis 150 peruncus, Orconectes 94 pfeifferi, Bythiospeum 115 Pheidole 101 peruviana, Grallaricula 155 pfeifferi, Diplodon 110 Phelsuma 59, 165, 182 peruviana, Tangara 55 pfeifferi, Newcombia 121 Phenacobius Ti peruviana, Vini 41 Phacellodomus 155 Phenacolimax 245 peruvianus, Mesoplodon 196 Phacochoerus lib phenax, Hexolobodon 179 peruvianus, Telmatobius 201 Phaenicophaeus 42 phenosa, Ochrotrichia 254 peruviensis, Neusticomys 25 Phaenomys 26 pheronyx, Aquadulcaris 90 pcji, Pseudochromis 83 phaeocephalus, Pteropus 9 Phibalura 156 pestai, Capoeta 167 Phaeognathus 68 philander, Caluromys 135 Petalura 107 phaeopygia, Pterodroma 30 Philanthus 251 PETALURIDAE 107 phaeosoma, Melamprosops 56 Phildoria 252 Petasina 215 phaeozona, Achatinella 120 Philemon 162, 199 petasus, Armsia 121 Phaethornis 153 Philepitta 157 PETAURIDAE 5, 135, 220 phaeura, Chimarrogale 6 PHILEPITTIDAE 47, 157 Petaurista 142 phaeura, Crocidura 7 Philesturnus 132

Petaurus 5, 135, 220 phaeurus, Carpomys 197 philiberti, Phalanta 253 petersi, Morenia 166 phaeus, Optioservus 249 philippae. Sylvietta 160 petersi, Rhynchocyon 29 phainopeplus, Campylopterus 153 philippeni, Ocadia 200 petersoni. Mops 139 phalacris, Triaenodes 187 philippensis. Bubo 42 petilicarpus, Fallicambarus 94 PHALACROCORACIDAE 31, 147, 179, philippensis, Pelecanus 30 petilus, Hobbseus 94 198 philippensis, Spizaetus 33 Petinomys 142 Phalacrocorax 31, 147, 179, 198 philippensis, Stumus 164 Bear 193 perili, Astacoides 95 Phalanger,

333 8 1 1 11 1 1 1

philippensis, Sus 141 p/i>/e, Parantica 104 Picumnus 45, 155 philippiana, Newcombia 188 Phyilastrephus 48, 157 ficui 45 philippii, Arctocephalus 17 phyllocercus, Engaeus 96 pidschian, Coregonus 204 philippinensis, Rhinolophus 137 Phyllococcus 186 Pied-babbler, Hinde's 53 philippinica, Succinea 217 Phyllodactylus 59, 165, 199 Pied-Hornbill, Malabar 154 phillipsi, Garra 202 phyllodes, Mormolyce 248 Piedtail, Ecuadorian 153 phillipsi, Tangara 163 Phyllodesma 102 Piedtail, Peruvian 153 phillipsii, Dipodomys 142 Phytlodiaplomus 92 PIERIDAE 253 philo, Parantica 104 Phyllomyias 156 /"('cm 253 Philocasca 255 Phyllonycteris 11, 137, 177 Pig, Javan Warty 20 Philodice 153 Phyllops 137 Pig, Palawan Bearded 226 Philodryas 200 Phyllopteryx 205 Pig, Philippine Warty 141 Philonesia 125 Phylloscartes 47, 156 Pig, Ryukyu Islands Wild 226 Pig, PHILOPOTAMIDAE 255 Phylloscopus 51, 160 Vietnam Warty 178 Pig, PHILORHEITHRIDAE 255 phyllostegiae, Cyrtopeltis 251 Visayan Warty 20 Pig, Western Bearded 226 Philoria 67 PHYLLOSTOMIDAE 11, 137, 177, 194 Pigeon, Bonin philoriles, Acalyphes 252 Phyllostomus 137 Wood 180 Pigeon, Chilean 151 Philotieila 252 Phyllotis 144 Pigeon, Choiseul 180 Philydor 45, 155 Phylolestes 108 Pigeon, Dark-tailed Laurel 38 philyrinq, Caldwellia 190 Physa, Cave 113 Pigeon, Madeira Laurel 132 phlegetfion, Pseudobarbus 73 Physa, Fish Lake 113 Pigeon, Maroon 38 phlegethontis, lotichthys 11 physa, Partulina 121 Pigeon, Mauritius Blue 180 phleophaga, Ectodemia 186 Physa, Utah 113 Pigeon, Nicobar 150 Phloeomys 26, 144 Physa, Wet Rock 113 Pigeon, Pale-backed 38 Phlogophilus 153 physalipus, Neodiaptomus 92 Pigeon, Pale-capped 38 Phoboscincus 200 physalus, Balaenoptera 18 Pigeon, Partridge 151 f/joca 17, 140,224,242 Physella 113,210 Pigeon, Passenger 180 phocaenoides , Neophocaena 225 Physeter 18 Pigeon, Peruvian 38 phocaenoides, Neophocaena 196 PHYSETERIDAE 18, 242 Pigeon, Pink 38 Phocarctos 17 Physiculus 77 Pigeon, Plain 38 PHOCIDAE 17, 140, 178, 224, 242 PHYSIDAE 113,210 Pigeon, Ring-tailed 38 phocoena , Phocoena 225 phytophagus, Xystichromis 86 Pigeon, Rodrigues 180 Phytotoma 47 phocoena, Phocoena 18 Pigeon, Ryukyu 180 PHYTOTOMIDAE 47 Phocoena 18, 196,225 Pigeon, Somali 38 piacentinii, Madoqua 21 PHOCOENIDAE 18, 129, 196,225 Pigeon, Sombre 151 picardi, Trochoidea Phocaenoides 129 190 Pigeon, Tooth-billed 38 Picathartes 51,52 Phodilus 42 Pigeon, White-naped 151 Phoebetria 146 picatus, Chalinolobus 137 Pigeon, White-tailed Laurel 38 phoedon, Amauris 104 picea, Crocidura 1 Pigeon, Yellow-legged 38 PHOENICOPTERIDAE 31, 147 piceala, AstatoUlapia 84 /Jfgra, Alouatta 241 Phoenicopterus 147 piceus, Colymbetes 248 31, Pigtoe, Atlantic 1 1 piceus, Unas Phoenicurus 160 248 Pigtoe, Cumberland 1 1

PHOLIDOTA 142 pichiy, Zaedyus 193 Pigtoe, Dark 1 1 phorbanta nana, Papilio 253 PICIDAE 44, 154, 181 Pigtoe, Fine-rayed 1 1 phorbanta, Papilio 105 PICIFORMES 44, 154, 181 Pigtoe, Flat 112 phosphor borealis, Bowkeria 252 pickeringii, Ducula 39 Pigtoe, Heavy 112 phosphor phosphor, Bowkeria 252 pickersgilli, Hyperolius 66 Pigtoe, Narrow 1 1 pholophila, Agrotis 1 86 Picoides 45 Pigtoe, Oval 172 Photuris 249 /7(c(a, Anguispira 214 Pigtoe, Pyramid 172 Phoxinellus 73, 168, 203, 236 picra, Grantiella 54 Pigtoe, Rough 112 phoxinus, Chondrostoma 202 picto, Leptoxis 1 1 Pigtoe, Shiny 1 1

Phoxinus 73, 168, 203 picM, Omphalotropis 210 Pigtoe, Southern 1 1 PHOXOCEPHALIDAE 90 picucaudata, Procapra 141 Pigtoe, True 112 Phrantela 116,211,256 pictum, Pachychilon 168 Pigtoe, Warrior 112 Phreatichthys 73 pictus, Chrysolophus 149 pigus, Rutilus 203 Phreatobius 204 pictus, Echimys 146 Piha, Cinnamon-vented 46 Phreatodrobia 116 pictus, Isothrix 197 pihapiha, Ponapella 210 PHREATOICIDAE 97, 247 pictus, Lycaon 16 Pika, Forrest's 146 phrealophila, Prietella 75 pictus, Neacomys 144 Pika, Gaoligong 197 Pika, Helan phrudus, Mormopterus 13 pictus. Procambarus 95 Shan 28 Pika, Hi 28 phrygia, Xanthomyza 54 Piculet, Antillean 155 Pika, Koslov's 28 Phrynomedusa 201 Piculet, Fine-barred 155 Pika, Muli 197 Phrynops 62, 165 Piculet, Mottled 155 Pika, Phrynosoma 246 Piculet, Ochraceous 45 Nubra 242 Pika, Sardinian 179 phthinotropis, Bellamya 120 Piculet, Speckle-chested 155 Pika, Steppe 28 Phyciodes 253 Piculet, Tawny 45 Pika, Thomas' 146 Phycodorus 205 Piculus 155

334 1 1 1

pikoensis, Holcobius 248 Pipreola 156 planiceps, Myotis 177 Pila 114, 173 PIPRIDAE 47, 156 planiceps, Prionailurus 16 pileata, Penelope 149 Piprites, Grey-headed 156 planifrons. Hippocampus 81 pileata, Pionopsitta 152 Piprites 47, 156 planifrons, Hyperoodon 130 pileatus, Herpsilochmus 155 Pirarucu 202 Planigale, Papuan 3 pilealus, Hylobates 16 piratarum, Succinea 128 Planigale 3 pileatus, Piprites 47 pirrensis, Isthmomys 143 planilabrum, Partula 191 pileatus, Trachypithecus 15 pisarskii, Strongylognalhus 102 Planilaoma 214 pilikia, Kubaryia 210 PISAURIDAE 88 Planorbella 113 pilligaensis, Pseudomys 26 pisciculus. Cheirodon 203 PLANORBIDAE 113, 173, 187,210,256 Pillomena 174 piscivora, Osbomictis 195 planospira, Sinployea 190 Pilon, Sardinita del 73 PISIDIIDAE 256 plantarius, Dolomedes 88 pilosa, Omphalotropis 210 Pisidium 256 Plantcutter, Peruvian 47 pilosus, Dasypus 5 Pisidium Ml, 156 Planthopper, Barber's Point251 pilosus, Hydrotarsus 98 pisteri, Pyrgulopsis 211 Planthopper, Bridewell's 251 pilosus, Pteropus 177 pitcaimensis, Philonesia 125 Planthopper, Diamond Head 251 pilsbryanus, Somatogyrus 212 pitcaimensis, Sinployea 123 Planthopper, Glenwood 251 Pilsbrycharopa 123 Pithecheir 144 Planthopper, lao Valley 251 pilsbryi, Carelia 189 Pithecia 111, 241 Planthopper, Kauai Parti-coloured251 pilsbryi, Elimia 117 Pithecophaga 33 Planthopper, Keanae 251 pilsbryi, Slenotrema 215 Pithys 198 Planthopper, Kusche's 251 f(7«/a 123 pitmani, Crocidura 1 Planthopper, Lanai 251 pimanensis, Melanotaenia 205 Pitta, Azure-breasted 47 Planthopper, Lihue 251 Planthopper, pimatuae, Craterocephalus 204 Pitta, Bar-bellied 156 Long-footed 251 Pimelodella 204 Pitta, Black-faced 47 Planthopper, Mt 'Tantalus Shortwing Fern 251 PIMELODIDAE 76, 204 Pitta, Blue-headed 156 Pitta, Blue-naped 156 Planthopper, Nahiku 251 Pimpleback, Orangefoot 1 1 Planthopper, Wild Cotton 251 pinaleno, Eumorsea 108 Pitta, Blue-rumped 157 plantii, Gulella 245 Pinaroloxias 55 Pitta, Fairy 47 Pitta, Giant 156 planulata, Hirasea 190 pinchaque, Tapirus 19 Platalea 31 Pindu 86 Pitta, Gurney's 47 Pitta, Mangrove 156 Platalina II pindu, Stomatepia 86 Pitta, Schneider's 47 Platanista 19 pinetis cumberlandius, Geomys 231 Pitta, Sula 156 PLATANISTIDAE 19, 196 pinetis fontanelus, Geomys 231 Pitta, Superb 47 Platanna, Cape 67 pinetis goffi, Geomys 23 Pitta, Whiskered 47 platenae, Ficedula 50 Pingalla 169,244 Pitta 47, 156, 157 platenae, Gallicolumba 39 pinguis, Cyclura 60 PITTIDAE 47, 156 platenae, Prioniturus 41 Pink, Ring 1 1 pittieri, Ichthyomys 24 plateni, Aramidopsis 36 PINNOTHERIDAE 96 Pittoconcha 125 plateni, Stachyris 160 Pinto, Guayacon 168 pittoides, Atelornis 154 platorynchus, Scaphirhynchus 70 Pionopsitta 152 pittospori, Karocolens 248 platycephalus, Euproctus 68 Piopio 181 Pityriasis 157 platycephalus, Salmo 77 Pipefish, Banded 205 pityusensis, Podarcis 60 platycheilus, Palaina 211 Pipefish, Double-ended 205 piurae, Ochthoeca 156 PLATYCNEMIDAE 238 Pipefish, River 82 PLATYCNEMIDIDAE 108, 209 Pipefish, Slender 205 pizarro, Parides 208 Platycnemis 108 Pipefish, Spinach 205 pizzinii, Stygobromus 90 PLATYCOPIIDAE 92 Pipehorse 82 placens, Poecilodryas 199 Platyla 113,210 Pipehorse, Duncker's 82 placeonovitas, Cipangochalax 213 Pipehorse, Gunther's 82 placidus, Charadrius 150 Platymantis 67 Pipehorse, Robust 82 placidus, Noturus 168 Platynectes 249 Pipehorse, Spiny 82 placidus, Sosippus 88 platynota, Geochelone 65 piperata, Litoria 66 Placostylus 121, 126, 127, 190, 239 platynota, Notochelys 200 PIPIDAE 67 Plagigeyeria 116 platyops, Eptesicus 12 pipile, Pipile 34 Plagiodontia 28, 179 platyops, Potorous 177 Pipile 34 Plagiolepis 101 Platyops 97 Piping-guan, Black-fronted 34 plagiostoma, Harpagochromis 85 Platyrinchus 47 Piping-guan, Trinidad 34 plagiola, Hypena 186 Platyrrhinus 11, 137

Pipistrellus 13, 139, 194 Plagopterus 73 Platysaurus 165 Pipit, Chaco 157 Plains-wanderer 36 platysayoides, Triodopsis 215 Pipit, Malindi 157 Planaeschna lYl Platysmurus 164 Pipit, Mountain 157 Planarian, Biggers' Groundwater 256 Platysteira 52, 160 Pipit, Ochre-breasted 48 Planarian, Holsinger's Groundwater256 PLATYSTERNIDAE 200 Pipit, Sokoke 48 Planarian, Lake Pedder 192 Platystemon 200 Pipit, Yellow-breasted 48 Planarian, Malheur Cave 256 PLATYSTICTIDAE 108 pipra, lodopleura 46 planeri, Lampetra 167 Platytaeniodus 184 Pipra 47, 156 planicauda. Pyxis 65 platyura, Schoenicola 160

335 8 8 1 21 1 1

plebejus, Barbus 167 Podarcis 60, 246 polleni, Xenopirostris 49 Plebejus 252 PODARGIDAE 153, 198 pollenii, Columba 151 PLECOGLOSSIDAE 236 Podiceps 29, 146, 179 poZ/i, Congosorex 6 Plecoglossus 236 PODICIPEDIDAE 29, 146, 179 ;7o///, Oxylapia 85 PLECOPTERA 109, 187, 209, 254 PODICIPEDIFORMES 29, 146, 179 polops, Ameiva 61 Plecotus 13 Podilymbus 179 Polposipus 99 Plectranthias 83 Podismopsis 254 polulus, Sudisorex 8 PLECTROTARSIDAE 255 Podoces 58 Polyborus 179 Plegma 124 Podocnemis 65, 132 POLYCENTROPODIDAE 255 pleione, Taudactylus 67 PODOCOPIDA 97, 185 POLYCHAETA 110,209 Plentusia 174 Podogymnura 6 polychromaticum, Enallagma 208

plenum, Pleurobema 1 1 Podomys 26 polyctena, Formica 170 Plerotes 9 Podoxymys 144 Polyergus 101 Plethobasus 111, 172 Poecilia 80,205 Polygyra 175 plethodon, Monophyllus 137 POECILIIDAE 80, 168, 184, 205, 236 POLYGYRIDAE 127, 175, 215, 239 Plethodon 68, 167,201 Poeciliopsis 168, 205, 236 Polygyriscus 215 PLETHODONTIDAE 68, 167, 201 Poecilmitis 103, 170, 208, 252 polykomos, Colobus 140 Pleurobema 111, 112, 172 Poecilodryas 199 Polylamina 250 pleurobipunctatus, Phoxinellus 168 poecilonotus, Takifugu 207 polylepis, Anabarilius 71

Pleurocera 1 1 poecilops miyajimaense, Orthetrum 238 polylepis, Leuciscus 72 PLEUROCERIDAE 117, 188,212 poecilops, Gerbillus 143 polymorpha, Pseudopalaina 21 Pleurodonte 189 poecilopterus, Nesoclopeus 180 polyodon, Helenoconcha 189 Pleurodytes 249 poecilorrhoa, Cryptophaps 151 Polvodon 70 Pleuronectes 88 poecilotis, Chrysomma 158 POLYODONTIDAE 70 PLEURONECTIDAE 88 Poecilotriccus 156 Polyommatus 103 PLEURONECTIFORMES 88 poensis, Chalinolobus 138 Polyonymus 153 Pleuropoma 238 poeyi, Phyllonycteris 137 polyphemi, Onthophagus 250 pleurotaenia, Puntius 132 pogonias pogonias, Cercopithecus 222 polyphemus, Gopherus 65 pleurotoma, Paladilhla 116 Pogonichthys 73, 183 polyphemus, Limulus 171 Pleuroxia 122, 174 Pogoniulus 44 Poiyphylla 250 PLEXAURIDAE 128 Pogonomelomys 26 Polvptectron 35, 149 plicaria, Hemicycla 245 Pogonomyrmex 101 POLYPRIONIDAE 82 plicala, Leptoxis 1 1 Pogonomys 26 Polysticta 32 Plicatoperipatus 171 pogum, Procambarus 95 Polystictus 156 plicifera, Nesopupa 216 pohlei, Pteropus 9 Polytelis 41 plicosa, Omphalotropis 187 Poiana 224 POMACANTHIDAE 84 PLOCEIDAE 57, 164, 182, 199 poiciloplilus, Botaurus 31 POMACENTRIDAE 86 Ploceus 57, 164, 199 Polecat, European Marbled 224 Pomarea 52 PLOTOSIDAE 76, 247 po/ia, Crocidura 7 Pomatias 244 Plover, Hooded 37 Polihierax 149 POMATIASIDAE 118,188,212,244 Plover, Javan 150 poliocephalus, Phyllastrephus 157 POMATIOPSIDAE 118, 188 Plover, Long-billed 150 polioceplialus, Trachypithecus 15 Pomatoschistus 206 Plover, Madagascar 37 Poliocephalus 29 porno, Arborimus 197 Plover, Magellanic 150 poliocerca, Eupherusa 43 pomona, Hipposideros 194 Plover, Malaysian 150 poliogaster, Accipiter 148 Ponapella 210 Plover, Mountain 37 poliolophus, Batrachostomus 198 ponapensis, Dendrotrochus 215 Plover, Piping 37 poHolophus, Prionops 49 ponapensis, Tomatellinops 213 Plover, Shore 37 polionota, Leucoptemis 148 ponapica, Nesopupa 217 Plover, St Helena 37 polionotus allophrys, Peromyscus 233 ponapicus, Palikirus 214 plumbea, Leucoptemis 148 polionotus ammobates, Peromyscus poncebensis, Pyrenaearia 175 plumbeus, Carcharhinus 69 233 ponceleti, Solomys 27 plumbeus, Dysithamnus 45 polionotus decoloratus, Peromyscus ponceleti, Tribolonotus 200 plumbeus, Micrastur 34 233 Pond-heron, Madagascar 147 plumimanus, Procambarus 95 polionotus leucocephalus, Peromyscus ponderosa, Cincinnatia 115 p/«(o, Clwlicodoma 208 233 ponderosa, Mandarina 214 Pluvianellus 150 polionotus niveiventris, Peromyscus Pondsnail, Thickshell 1 13 Pnoepyga 160 242 Pongo 16 Poblana 78, 205 polionotus peninsularis, Peromyscus ponsonbyi, Bridouxiana 119 pocahontas, Doronomyrmex 100 233 pontica, Alosa 202 Pochard, Baer's 32 polionotus phasma, Peromyscus 233 pontica, Vipera 62 Pochard, Madagascar 32 polionotus trissyllepsis, Peromyscus Ponticyclops 132 Pocketbook, Fat 112 233 Ponlinus 82 Pocketbook, Fine-lined 1 1 poliopareia, Estrilda 57 Pontoporia 196 Pocketbook, Lined 1 1 Polioptila 160 Poo-uli 56 Pocketbook, Ouachita Rock 1 10 polita, Mandarina 214 Poolfish, Pahrump 247 Pocketbook, Shinyrayed 255 polius, Peromyscus 26 Poolfish, Pahrump Ranch 247 Pocketbook, Speckled 1 1 polleni, Paratilapia 244 Poolfish, Raycraft Ranch 247

336 2 8 1

Poorwill, Choco 153 Potto, Golden 139 pringlei, Lepidochrysops 103 Poorwill, Eared 153 pottsi, Etheostoma 83 pringlei, Phasis 103 Poorwill, Least 153 potulentus, Stylurus 107 pringlei, Thestor 104 Poospiza 55, 163 pouchet, Hemicycla 125 Prinia, Grey-crowned 160 popeii, Popenaias 1 1 poulsoni, Speoplatyrhinus 77 Prinia, River 199 Popelairia 198 powellensis, Hemiboeckella 91 Prinia, Rufous-vented 52 Popenaias 112 powellii, Lampsilis 1 1 Prinia, White-eyed 52 poptae, Xenopoecilus 81 Powelliphanta 175 Prmia 52, 160, 199 Porbeagle 69 poweri, Dupontia 124 priocephalus, Pycnonotus 157 porcata, Westraltrachia 122 poynloni, Cacosternum 201 Priodontes 5 porcellana, Partulina 213 praecelcus, Bothriembryon 121 Priolepis 169 porcellanus, Hippopus 133 praeclara, Bridoitxiana 119 Prionailurus 16, 140, 195, 224 porcinus annamiticus, Axis 226 praeciarus, Joiceya 103 Prioniturus 41, 152 porcinus porcinus, Axis 226 praeconis, Pseudomys 26 Prionodura X'il Porcupine, Crested 145 praecox, Melanotaenia 205 Prionomys 144 Porcupine, Thin-spined 28 praecox. Mordacia 69 Prionops 49 porcus, Amastra 1 89 praecox. Thamnophilus 155 prionura, Mycteroperca 83 Porgy, Red 84 praedalrix, Dobsonia 136 Priotelus 153 Poropuntius Ti praerosa, Leptoxis 118 prisca, Lyropupa 216 porosus, Crocodylus 242 praetumida, Pilula 123 Pristidactvlus 199 porphyretica, Limnocythere 98 Praomys 26, 144, 197 PRISTIDAE 69 Porphyrio 36, 180 pratensis/nigricans. Formica 170 PRISTIFORMES 69 porphyrocephala, Iridosomis 162 Pratincole, Black-winged 150 pristinus, Cambarus 93 porphyrocheila, Leucocharis 190 pratti, Hipposideros 136 pristis, Pristis 70 porphyrolaema, Porphyrolaema 156 prattorum. Rhynchomeles 193 /rwlii 69, 70 Porphyrolaema 156 prattorum, Troides 105 Pristoceuthophilus 254 Porphyrospiza 163 Preciosa, Charal de la 78 pritchardi, Chelodina 62 porphyrostomus, Placostylus 127 prehensilis, Antriscopia 92 pritchardiae, Stenotrupis 248 Porpoise, Burmeister's 196 Premnoplex 45 pritchardias, Pentarthrum 248 Porpoise, Dall's 129 Presa, Cachorrito de la 183 pritchardii, Megapodius 34 Porpoise, Finless 196, 225 Presbytis 15, 140, 194 Proasellus 97, 237 Porpoise, Harbour 18, 225 prespensis, Barbus 71 Probarbus 73, 203 Porpoise, Spectacled 196 prespensis, Chondrostoma 167 Problems 252 porrecta, Elimia 117 pretiosa, Catocala 253 problematica, Rhophodon 214 porrectus, Helicarion 125 pretneri, Pseudocandona 98 PROBOSCIDEA 19 portoricensis, Isolobodon 28 pretrei, Amazona 40 proboscideus, Macroscelides 29 portosanctana, 174 Pseudocampylaea preussi insularis, Cercopithecus 222 Probosciger 152 Porzana 36, 150, 180 preussi preussi, Cercopithecus 222 Procambarus 94, 95, 237 poseidon, Lepidochrysops 103 preussi, Cercopithecus 15 Procapra 21, 141 Posorites 174 prevostii, Euryceros 157 PROCARIDIDAE 96 Brushtail Possum, Common 219 Priapella 184 Procaris 96 Possum, Daintree River Ringtail 135 pricei, Craterodiscus 173 PROCAVIIDAE 19,226 Possum, Green Ringtail 135 pricei, Ictalurus 75 Procellaria 30 Possum, Herbert River Ringtail 135 Prietella 75 PROCELLARIIDAE 30, 146, 179 Possum, Leadbeater's 5 prigoginei, Caprimulgus 43 PROCELLARIIFORMES 29, 146, 179, Possum, Lemuroid Ringtail 135 prigoginei, Chlorocichla 48 197 Possum, Scaly-tailed 135 prigoginei, Nectarinia 242 procellaris, Agrotis 1 86 postelli, Pleurocera 1 1 prigoginei, Phodilus 42 procles, Graphium 105 Posticobia 188 proctivis, Megalobulimus PRIMATES 13, 129, 139, 194, 220, 241, 126 postojnae, Metacyclops 92 245 Procnias 46, 156 postvectis, Galaxias 76 primosi, Colophon 99 Procolobus 140,222,223,245 112 Potamilus primum, Cristilabrum 122 Procyon \1.\1% Potamogale 5 princeps goldmani, Ochotona 233 PROCYONIDAE 17, 140, 178. 195 96 POTAMONAUTIDAE princeps lasalensis, Ochotona 233 Prodontria 99 Potamonectes 249 princeps nevadensis, Ochotona 233 producta, Amphorella 124 Potamonectes 249 princeps nigrescens, Ochotorm 233 producta, Elliptio 172 Potamopyrgus 173 princeps obscura, Ochotona 233 producta, Partula 191 potenziani, Presbytis 15 princeps sheltoni, Ochotona 233 productus, Hydroporus 248 POTERIIDAE 212 princeps tutelata, Ochotona 233 productus, Nestor 181 POTOROIDAE 4, 129, 135, 177, 219 princeps, Accipiter 148 Proechimys 146 Potoroo, Broad-faced 177 princeps, Cottus 206 Proedromys 144 Potoroo, Gilbert's 4 princeps, Melidectes 54 Profelis 241 Potoroo, Long-footed 4 principalis, Campephilus 181 proformicarum, Rossomrymex 101 Potoroo, Long-nosed 219 principensis, Muricopsis 213 profundicola, Oryzias 81 Polorous 4, 177, 219 principula, Microgale 5 profundispira, Hirasea 214 Potosi, Cachorrito Enano de 1 83 principulus, Gerbillus 24 prognatha, Telmatherina 79 Potosi, Perrito de 183 pringlei, Aloeides 102 Prognathochromis 85. 184. 185

337 1 1

prognathus, Prognathochromis 1 85 Pseudagrion 208 pseudotrolli, Vitrea 128 Progne 198 Pseudalmenus 252 pseudozosterops, Randia 160

Progomphus 107 Pseudamnicola 1 16, 21 pseustes, Helenoconcha 189 Prolagus 179 Pseudanodonta 172 Psilorhamphus 155 prolatus, Bunomys 23 Pseudantechinus 3 Psilotreta 255 prolatus, Encheloclarias 76 Pseudanthias 83 psittacea, Psittirostra 56 proletaria, Dupontia 190 Pseudemydura 62 psittacea, Treron 39 Pronesopupa 216 Pseudemys 64, 166 PSITTACIDAE 39, 151, 180, 242 Pronghorn, Baja California 227 Pseudibis 31, 147 PSITTACIFORMES 39, 151, 180,242 Pronghorn, Mexican 227 Pseudirion 250 Psittacula 41, 152, 181 Pronghorn, Sonoran 227 Pseudoatta 101 Psittaculirostris 41 pronoli, Mecistogaster 108 Pseudobagrus 247 Psitteuteles 41 propinqua, Dysnomia 187 Pseudobarbus 73, 168 Psittinus 152

propinqua, Epioblasma 1 1 Pseudobargus 76 Psittirostra 56 Propithecus 14, 221 Pseudobias 160 Psittrichas 41 proprium, Dicaeum 53 Pseudocalyptomena 45 Psophodes 52 Prosciurillus 22, 142 Pseudocampylaea 190 pstrossi, Paraphoxinus 202 proserpina, Cyprinella 71 Pseudocandona 98 PSYCHODIDAE 99 proserpina, Proserpinus 208 pseudocellata, Sacalia 200 Psychomastatix 108 Proserpinus 208 PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE 4, 135, 193 psychopompus, Scytalopus 46

Prosobonia 38, 180 Pseudocheirus 4, 193 plaritepui, Crypturellus 29 Prosopeia 152 Pseudochelidon 48 Ptchochromoides 86

PROSORHOCHMIDAE 128, 175,217 Pseudochirops 4, 5, 135 Pteralopex 9 prospera, Mesonerilla 110 Pseudochirulus 135, 193 Pterodroma 30, 179 protea, Partula 191 PSEUDOCHROMIDAE 83 Pteromys 142, 242 PROTEIDAE 68 Pseudochromis 83 Pteromyscus 142 Proteles 224 PSEUDOCOCCIDAE 186 Pteronotus 11, 137 Protemblemaria 87 Pseudocolopteryx 47 Pteronura 17

Proteus 68 Pseudocopaeodes 252 PTEROPODIDAE 8, 136, 177, 193, 241

Protocobitis 74 Pseudocordylus 59, 165 Pteropus 9, 10, 136, 177, 193, 194, 241 Prolomognathus 101 Pseudocossyphus 52, 160 pterotropiana, Spheterista 254 Protoploea 171 Pseudocotalpa 99 Pteruthius 160 Protoptila 254 pseudocrinitus, Peromyscus 26 pthonera, Canariella 133 Prototrachia 122 PSEUDOCYCLOPIIDAE 92 Ptilinopus 39, 151, 180

Prototroctes 76, 1 83 Pseudodacnis 55 Ptilocichla 52, 160 protracta, Partula 191 pseudodolium, Orcula 215 PTILONORHYNCHIDAE 58, 132, 164 protuberata, Beddomeia 115 Pseudoglessula 217, 240 Ptiloris 164 provancheri, Formicoxenus 100 Pseudogobiopsis 247 Ptychalaea 127 providencianus, Hypoplectrus 83 Pseudohydromys 26 Ptychobranchus 112, 172 provocator, Xanthotis 1 62 pseudoincisus, Glossolepis 204 Ptychocheilus Ti provocax, Lutra 17 Pseudois 21, 141,230 Ptychochromoides 86 provosti, Ochrotrichia 254 pseudojacosta, Trochoidea 126 Ptychodon 123 proxima, Partulina 121 pseudomelaneus, Parantica 171 Ptychotrema 216 proxima, Sinployea 190 Pseudomoraria 96 Ptyochromis 86 pruinosus, Myotis 12 Pseudomugil 78, 205, 243 Puaiohi 51 Prunella 158 Pseudomyrmex 101 pubescens, Polylamina 250 prunellei, Coeligena 43 Pseudomys 26, 131, 144, 178 pucherani, Campylorhamphus 155 PRUNELLIDAE 158 pseudonapaea, Sicista 197 puiia, Pudu 20 pryeri, Megalurus 51 Pseudonestor 56 Pudu, Northern 141 Prymnbriareus 244 Pseudoniphargus 90 Pudu, Southern 20 przewalskii, Equus 178 Pseudonovibos 22 Pi«/« 20, 141 przewalskii, Paradoxomis 51 Pseudopalaina 211 Puertoricomys 178 przewalskii, Procapra 21 pseudopeilegrini, Prognathochromis Puffbird, Sooty-capped 154 Psacadonotus 109 185 Puffinus 30, 146 Psalidoprocne 157 Pseudophoxinus 73, 168, 203 Puffleg, Black-breasted 43 PSAMMASPIDIDAE 90 Pseudophryne 67, 167 Puffleg, Black-thighed 153 Psammobates 65 Pseudopsectra 254 Puffleg, Colourful 43 Psammochromis 85, 185 pseudopulchella, Aprasia 165 Puffleg, Hoary 153 psammophila, Sminthopsis 4 Pseudorasbora 246 Puffleg, Turquoise-throated 43 psarolena, Solatopupa 174 Pseudorca 242 Puku 131 pselaphon, Pteropus 9 Pseudoryx 22 pulchella, Neophertm 152 Pselliophorus 55 Pseudoscaphirhynchus 70 pulchellus, Acrolophitus 108 PSEPHENIDAE 249 Pseudoscorpion, Empire Cave 89 pulchellus, Caprimulgus 198 Psephenus 249 Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave 207 pulcher, Heliodiaptomus 92 Psephotus 41, 152, 181 PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA 89, 207 pulcher, Lacconectus 249 Psephurus 70 PSEUDOSTIGMATIDAE 108 pulcherrima, Achatinella 120 Pseudacris 246 Pseudotricula 256 pulcherrima, Papustyla 214

338 7 7 7 7 8 8 1

pulcherrima, Petalura 107 pupoidea, Nanocochlea 116 pyrenaica hispanica, Capra 228 pulcherrimus. Psephotus 181 pupoides, Bythinella 173 pyrenaica orruita, Rupicapra 230 pulchra longicauda, Egemia 234 Pupoidopsis 216 pyrermica pyrenaica, Capra 228 pulchra nigra, Anniella 246 Pupuharakeke 121 pyrenaica victoriae, Capra 228 pulchra, Auriculella 213 pupukanioe, Achatinella 120 pyrenaica, Belgrandiella 115 pulchra, Cyanolyca 164 pupula, Graziana 244 pyrenaica, Capra 141 pulchra, Macgregoria 58 pupula, Pupilla 245 pyrenaica, Rana 201 pulchra, Pteralopex 9 purcelli, Metadiaptomus 92 pyrermica, Rupicapra 131 pulchrus, Empicoris 251 puritana, Cicindela 98 pyrenaicus, Galemys 8 puliensis, Sinogastromyzon 75 Purpletuft, Buff-throated 46 pyrenella, Pleurocera 1 1 pulitzeri, Macrosphenus 51 purpurea, Cochoa 158 Pyrg, Ozark 211 puZZa, Microgale 5 purpurea, Gila 11 Pyrgina 214 pullus, Carunculina 255 purpureus, Mastigodiaptomus 92 Pyrgulopsis 211, 256 pulpa, Mirafra 157 purpureus, Tropodiaptomus 207 pyriforme, Pleurobema 172 puZiiz, Barbatula 203 pusilla, Austrochloritis 173 Pyriglena 46 pulveratus, Pipistrellus 139 pusilla, Chaerephon 13 pyroeis hersaleki, Poecilmitis 252 pulverulentus, Pteromyscus 142 pusilla, Coenocorypha 37 pyrohypogaster, Hypopyrrhus 56 Puma, Eastern 224 pusilla, Galaxiella 77 pyronotus, Cambarus 93 Puma 224 pusilla, Micronycteris 11 pyrrhocephalus, Phaenicophaeus 42 pumila ssp., Pseudorasbora 246 pusilla, Ochotona 28 pyrrhocephalus, Yssichromis 86 pumila, Gyrotoma 1 1 pusilla, Palaina 211 pyrrhops, Hapalopsittaca 41 pumila, Parantica 244 pusillior, Hemisloma 116 pyrrhopterus, Brotogeris 152 pumila, Videna 217 pusillus, Haeromys 24 Pyrrhula 163 pumilio, Indicator 154 pusillus, Loriculus 152 Pyrrhura 41, 152 pumilio, Myosciurus 22 pustulatus, Hydrosaurus 199 Python, Indian 165 pumilio, Rhabdomys 197 pufa, Murirm 12 Python, Western Australian Carpet234 pumilus, Pteropus 9 putealis, Stygobromus 90 Pyr/ion 165 pumilus, Tarsius 194 putnamensis, Ochthebius 249 Pyxichromis 86, 185 punae, Deinomimesa 251 pybnsi, Elimia 1 1 Pyjri'j 65 punctata, Protemblemaria 87 PYCNONOTIDAE 48, 157, 181, 198 quadragintus, Pardalotus 53 punctatissima, Knipowitschia 87 Pycnonotus 48, 157, 198 quadrani, Atenia 174 punctatus, Falco 34 pycnum, Aphaostracon 1 14 quadrasi, Elasmias 213 punctatus, Lacconectus 249 pycrofti, Pterodroma 30 quadrasi, Heteropoma 210 punctatus, Sphenodon 243 Pyganodon 172 quadrasi, Himeroconcha 214 punctellum, Mecodema 185 Pygathrix 15 quadrasi, Nesopupa 216 PUNCTIDAE 127,216 Pygeretmus 143 quadrasi, Omphalotropis 210 punctipennis, Lacconectus 249 pygerythrus, Callosciurus 22 quadrasi, Succinea 128 punctiperforata, Mautodontha 189 pygmaea, Elimia 1 1 Quadrasiella 210 punclulispira, Boninosuccinea 128 pygmaea, Melanotaenia 168 quadratus, Somatogyrus 212 Pungitius 81, 247 pygmaea, Pandaka 87 quadricarinatus, Cherax 95 Pungu 86 pygmaeus. Coitus 82 quadricolor, Dicaeum 53 Pungu 86 pygmaeus, Economidichthys 87 quadricomis, Myoxocephalus 244 punicans, Taeromys 145 pygmaeus, Hipposideros 136 quadricomis, Tetracerus 22 punicea, Columba 38 pygmaeus, Napaeus 244 quadridens, Pteronotus 137 punicea, Trochidrobia 173 pygmaeus, Neotragus 141 quadrimaculatus, Gerbillus 24 puntillum, Gibberula 213 pygmaeus, Nycticebus 14 quadriocellata, Sacalia 64 Puntius 73, 74, 132, 203, 236 pygmaeus, Pongo 16 quadrioculatum, Pseudagrion 208 ;7Hpa, Palaina 211 pygmaeus, Procyon 17 quadrivittatus australis, Tamias 23 pupaeformis, Elimia 1 1 pygmaeus, Somatogyrus 212 Quadrula 112, 172, 238, 255 Pupfish, Amargosa 247 pygmeus, Eurynorhynchus 37 quadruncus, Orconectes 94 Pupfish, Comanche Springs 79 pygmeus, Phalacrocorax 147 Quagga 178 Pupfish, Conchos 247 Pygmy-parrot, Geelvink 152 quagga, Equus 178 Pupfish, Cottonball Marsh 247 Pygmy-possum, Lxing-tailed 220 Quail, Himalayan 35 Pupfish, Desert 247 Pygmy-possum, Mountain 4 Quail, New Zealand 180 Pupfish, Devils Hole 79 Pygmy-tyrant, Fork-tailed 47 Quail, Ocellated 149 Pupfish, Largescale 79 Pygmy-tyrant, Rufous-sided47 Quail, Snow Mountain 149 Pupfish, Leon Springs 79 Pygmy-tyrant, White-bellied 156 Quail-dove, Blue-headed 39 Pupfish, Owens 80 PYGOPODIDAE 60, 165, 234 Quail-dove, Bridled 151 Pupfish, Pecos 79 PYRALIDAE 186,253 Quail-dove, Crested 151 Pupfish, Salt Creek 247 pyramidalis, Reymondia 119 Quail-dove, Grey-headed 151

Pupfish, White Sands 80 pyramidata, Gyrotoma 1 1 Quail-dove, Russet-crowned 151 pupiformis, Phrantela 116 pyramis, Diplommatina 210 Quail-dove, Veracruz 39 Pupilla 175, 191,245 pyramis, Heteropoma 210 qualtieranus, Iberus 174 PUPILLIDAE 127, 133, 175. 191, 216, 245 pyramus, Poecilmitis 103 quarlesi, Bubalus 20 Pup/na 212, 256 Pyreferra 253 quathlambae, Pseudobarbus 73 PUPINIDAE 119,212,256 Pyrenaeania 174 quebecensis. Formicoxenus 100 Pupisoma 133 Pyrenaearia 126, 175 quebecensis, Myrmica 101

339 1

Quechulac, Charal de 78 Radioconus 123 Rainbowfish, Pima River 205 Quemisia 179 Radiodiscus 123. 214 Rainbowfish, Pygmy 168 Quenda 219 radiolata, Acanthochelys 165 Rainbowfish, Ramu 204 quenstedti, Bythiospeum 115 radiolata, Partula 127 Rainbowfish, Red 78 quercinus, Eliomys 27 radiolata. Zing is 125 Rainbowfish, Sentani 78 questroana, Amplirhagada 121 radiolosus, Neomorphus 42 Rainbowfish. Slender 168 Quetzal, Eared 44 radiosus, Cyprinodon 80 Rainbowfish. Spotted 243 Rainbowfish. Strickland 243 Quetzal, Resplendent 153 Rafetus 66 Rainbowfish, Tami River 204 quickelbergei, Lepidochrysops 103 rafflesia, Euscheman 252 Rainbowfish, Van Heurn's205 Quijarrona, Sardinita72 rafflesii, Megalaima 154 Rainbowfish, Waigeo 243 quimperiana, Elona 245 raffrayana, Emballonura 129 Rainbowfish, Yakati 204 Quincuncina 112,172 rafinesqueana, Lampsilis 1 1 raineyi, Crocidura 1 quinquestriatus, Callosciurus 22 rafmesquii, Plecotus 13 Rajah, Chestnut 253 quintalia, Christianoconcha 127 rahmi, Lophuromys 143 raji. Hippocampus 81 quinlalia, Nancibella 190 raiatensis, Partula 191 RAJIDAE 201 Quintalia 190 Rail. Auckland Islands 36 RAJIFORMES 201 quinlicolor, Capita 44 Rail. Austral 37 rakiurae, Hoplodactylus 165 Quiscalus 163, 182 Rail. Bald-faced 36 RALLIDAE 36, 149, 180, 198 quitobaquitae, Tryonia 212 Rail. Bar-winged 180 Rallina 37. 198 Quokka 4 Rail. Bogota 37 Rallus 37 QuoU, Bronze 3 Rail. Brown-banded 36 ramadeva, Lethe 253 Quoll, Eastern 135 Rail. Chatham Islands 180 Ramiheithrus 255 Quoll, New Guinea 3 Rail. Dieffenbach's 180 Quoll, Northern 135 Rail. Galapagos 149 ramirohitra, Brachyuromys 143 ramonensis, Euchondrus 124 Quoll, Spotted-tailed 3, 219 Rail. Guam 180 Rabbit, Amami 29 Rail. Inaccessible 36 RAMPHASTIDAE 154 Rabbit. Lower Keys Marsh 234 Rail. Invisible 36 ramphastinus, Semnomis 154 Rabbit, Omiltemi 29 Rail. Junin 36 Ramphocinclus 49 Rabbit, Pygmy 146 Rail. Lord Howe 36 Ramphodon 43. 153 Rabbit, Riverine 28 Rail. New Caledonian 36 Ramphotyphlops 62 Rabbit, San Jose Brush 146 Rail. New Guinea Flightless 198 ramsayi, Aspidites 61 Rabbit, Sumatran 29 Rail, Okinawa 36 ramsayi, Fluviopupa 173 Rabbit, Tres Marias 29 Rail, Plain-Hanked 37 Ramshorn, Acorn 113 Rabbit, Volcano 29 Rail. Red 180 Ramshorn. Magnificent 113 Rabbitsfoot, Rough 255 Rail, Rodrigues 180 ramuensis, Glossolepis 204 rabieri, Picas 45 Rail. Rougefs 150 ramulosus. Hippocampus 81 rabinoi, Liolaemus 60 Rail. Roviana 149 Rana 67. 68. 167, 182, 201. 243 rabori, Napothera 51 Rail. Sakalava 36 randi, Muscicapa 51 rabori, Nyctimene 9 Rail. Snoring 36 Randia 160 rabori, Sundasciurus 22 Rail. Swinhoe's 36 Ranella 173 Raccoon, Barbados 178 Rail. Tahiti 180 RANELLIDAE 173 Raccoon, Cozumel Island 17 Rail. Wake Island 180 ranfurlyi, Phalacrocorax 31 Racer, Almeda Striped 246 Rail. Woodford's 36 Ranger. Barber's 252 Racer, Antiguan 61 Rail. Zapata 36 Rangifer 227 Racer, Barbados 61 raimondii, Phytotoma 47 RANIDAE 67. 167. 182. 201, 243 Racer, Black 61 Rainbow. Celebes 79 raniformis, Litoria 66 Racer, Leeward Island 61 Rainbowfish, Ajamaru Lakes 204 ranjiniae, Rattus 26 Racer. Red-bellied 61 Rainbowfish. Arfak 78 Ranodon 68 Rainbowfish. Axelrod's 243 Racer, Saint Croix 182 rapaensis, Canthigaster 88 Rainbowfish. Bleher's78 Racer, St Lucia 61 raphanurus, Rhyncholestes 3 racovitzai Monolistra Rainbowfish. Boeseman's 78 conopyge, 237 Raphicerus 131 Rainbowfish. Bulolo 204 racovitzai, Scardinius 203 RAPHIDAE 180 Rainbowfish. Cairns 78 Racquet-tail, Blue-crowned 152 Raphiomydas 250 Rainbowfish. Corona 204 Racquet-tail, Blue-headed41 Raphus 180 Racquet-tail, Blue-winged41 Rainbowfish, Dwarf 205 raptor, Paranyctimene 136 Racquet-tail, Buru 152 Rainbowfish, Exquisite 204 raricosta, Pomatias 244 Racquet-tail. Green 41 Rainbowfish. Hy River 205 rarotongensis, Ptilinopus 151 Racquet-tail. Luzon 41 Rainbowfish. Lake Eacham 78 rarum, Aciagrion 208 Racquet-tail. Mindanao41 Rainbowfish. Lake Kurumoi 78 Rasbora. Valeria Flower 132 Racquet-tail. Yellowish-breasted 1 52 Rainbowfish, Lake Kutubu 78 Rasbora 74. 132 radamanthus schreiberi, Euploea 237 Rainbowfish, Lake Tebera 205 raspaili, Tacheocampylaea 215 raddei, Vipera 243 Rainbowfish. Lake Wanam78 rastellus, Syncomistes 169 radiata, Geochelone 65 Rainbowfish. Mayland's243 Rat. Arizona Cotton 233 radiala, Partula 191 Rainbowfish. Misool 243 Rat. Berkeley Hills Kangaroo 231 radiatus, Anodontoides 172 Rainbowfish. Mountain 205 Rainbowfish, Rat. Colorado River Cotton 242 radiatus, Erythrotriorchis 33 Ogilby's 205 Rat, Dinagat Island Cloud 23 radiceus, Carpococcyx 42 Rainbowfish, Oktedi 78 Rainbowfish, Papuan 243 Rat, Earthquake Valley Kangaroo 231 Radiocentrum 126

340 1 1 1 1

Rat, Fresno Kangaroo 232 reddelli, Stygobromus 90 relictus. Platysaurus 165 Rat, Giant Bushy-tailed Cloud 23 redfieldi, Partulina 121 Relictus 74 Rat, Giant Kangaroo 23 Redfin, Berg River 73 religosa. Crocidura 193 Rat, Giluwe 144 Redfin, Burchell's 73 remota. Partula 191 Rat, Greater Mole 27 Redfin, Clanwilliam 71 remotus. Conocephaloides 109 Rat, Greater Stick-nest 24 Redfin, Eastern Cape 168 remseni, Doliomis 46 Rat, Gunnison Island Kangaroo 23 Redfin, Fiery 73 remyi, Hypnophila 214 Rat, Heath 131 Redfin, Slender 73 remyi. Suncus 8 Rat, Hot Springs Cotton 233 Redfin, Smallscale 73 renauldi, Carpococcyx 152 Rat, House Rock Valley Kangaroo 232 Redfin, Twee River 71 Renea 113 Rat, Lesser Mole 27 Redfish 82 rennellianus. Zosterops 162 Rat, Luzon Forest 242 Redhorse, Bighead 246 REPTILIA 58, 132, 164, 182, 199, 234, Rat, Marsh Rice 233 Redhorse, Copper 75 242, 246 Rat, Mindoro Climbing 23 Redhorse, Gray 203 res. Ningbingia 122 Rat, Mt Isarog Striped 23 Redigobius 169 reses. Orthalicus 215 Rat, Poncelet's Giant 27 redimita, Xerarionla 125 resinus. Mandibularca 72 Rat, Red Vizcacha 28 Redstart, Ala Shan 160 resplendens. Centropyge 84 Rat, Rock-dwelling 145 reducta, Thermomesochra 208 respublica, Cicinnurus 164 Rat, Ryukyu Long-tailed Giant 143 redunca, Redunca 131 restrictus, Cisticola 198 Rat, San Bernardino Kangaroo 231 Redunca 131,230 reticulata. Amastra 1 89 Rat, San Joaquin Kangaroo 142 REDUVIIDAE 251 reticulata. Rat, Eos 152 San Quintin Kangaroo 23 Reed-warbler, Basra 158 reticulata, Eusthenia 254 Rat, Selinda Veld 242 Reed-warbler, Nauru 49 reticulata, Insulivitrina 128 Rat, Southern Giant Slender-tailed Cloud Reed-warbler, Nightingale 49 26 reticulata, Meliphaga 162 Reed-warbler, Pitcairn 49 Rat, Stephens' reticulatus. Coeranoscincus 165 Kangaroo 131 Reed-warbler, Streaked 49 Rat, Tawitawi Lsland 26 reticulatus. Sanopus 78 Reed-warbler, Tahiti 49 Rat, Texas Kangaroo 23 retiformis, Bufo 166 Reedbuck, Bohor 131 retinaculum, 125 Rat, Tipton Kangaroo 232 Reedbuck, Chanler's Mountain230 Buffetia Rat, Western Small-toothed 24 Retinella 217 Reedbuck, Mountain 131 Rat-kangaroo, Desert 177 Retrecie, Salamis 253 Reedbuck, Southern 131 retrocinctum, rathbunae, Procambarus 95 Reedbuck, Southern Mountain 230 Dicaeum 53 rathbuni, Typhlomolge 68 Reedbuck, Western Mountain 230 retrodens, Hoplotilapia 184 Ratsirakia 244 Reedhaunter, Straight-billed 155 RETROPINNIDAE 76, 183 retusa, Rattlesnake, Aruba Island 62 reevesii, Syrmaticus 35 Obovaria 1 1 retusus, Rattlesnake, New Mexican Ridge-nosed reeviana brevicuia, Lampsilis 238 Chlamyphorus 5 246 reventazoni, reeviana reeviana. Lampsilis 238 Palaemnertm 108 rattrayi, Anhydrophryne 167 reverberii, refulgens, Quadrula 172 Atelognathus 66 Rattus 26, 144, 145, 178, 197 revoili, regalis, Heliangelus 43 Elephantulus 29 Ratufa 22, 245 regalis, Hypseleotris 169 rex, Balaeniceps 147 raveneliana, Alasmidonta 110 rex, Clytoceyx regalis. Pseudanlhias 83 198 ravidus, Tardus 181 regani. Chirostoma 204 rex, Ogasawarana 112 raviventris halicoetes, Reithrodontomys rex, Percina regani. Neosalanx 76 84 233 regia, Erythrura 57 rex, Rhinolophus 1 raviventris raviventris, rex, Tachyoryctes 21 regiruie. Lasius 100 Reithrodontomys 233 rex, Uromys 27 reginicola. Conomyrma 100 raviventris, Reithrodontomys 26 Reymondia 119 regis. Plagiolepis 101 ravouxi, Epimyrma 100 reyniesii, Bythinella regularis, Ancylus 173 244 ravus, Tomopeas 13 reynoldsi, rehbinderi, Strongylognathus 102 Neoseps 60 Rayadito, Mas Afuera 45 reynoldsiana, Spheterista rehsei, Acrocephalus 49 254 rayi, Moitessieria 173 rezvoji, Camptoceras reibischi, Bulimulus 126 210 razae, Alauda 47 Rhabdomys 197 reichei, Papillogobius 169 reaperi, Farula 255 Rhabdornis, Long-billed 161 reichenowi, Anthreptes 161 reburrus, Cambarus 93 Rhabdornis 161 reichenowi, Streptopelia 151 recifinus, Platyrrhinus 1 RHABDORNITHIDAE 161 reidi, Hippocampus 81 recta, Ligumia 172 rhabdota, Lyropupa 216 reighardi. Coregonus 77 recta, Westraltrachia 122 Rhachis 189 reimanni, Chelodina 200 recticulus, Ochthebius 249 Rhadine 248 reimeri. Procambarus 95 rectirostris, Hylocryptus 155 Rhagada 122 reisalpense. Bythiospeum 115 rectirostris, Limnomis 155 Rhagomys 27 reiseri, Chirocephalus 91 rectum, Cristilabrum 122 Rhamdia 76 reiseri, Phyllomyias 156 rectunguis, Centropus 152 Rhantus 249 Reithrodontomys 26, 27, 145, 233, 245 recurvatum, Enallagma 106 Rhantus 98, 185, 249 rekohua, Galaxias 76 Recurvebill, Bolivian 45 RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE 108, 254 relevata, Leiostyla 127 Recurvebill, Peruvian 155 Rhea, Greater 146 relicta, Amaurospiza 162 RECURVIROSTRIDAE 37 Rhea, Lesser 146 relicta, Myonycteris 9 recurvirostris, Avocettula 153 Rhea 146 relictus, Larus 150 reddelli, Rhamdia 76 Rhebok, Grey 131

341 1 1 1

Rhegmatorhina 155 RHYNCHOPIDAE 38 Wto manonii, Euphilotes 252 RHEIDAE 146 Rhynchopsitta 41 ritsemae, Lacconectus 249 RHEIFORMES 146 Rhyncogonus 248 River-martin, White-eyed 48 Rheinardia 35 Rhyncogonus 185 riversiana, Xantusia 61 Rheobatrachus 67 RHYNOCHETIDAE 37 rivulatus, Trichomyclerus 168 Rheocles 78. 183,205,243 Rhynochetos 37 Rivulus 243 rheocola, Litoria 66 Rhysoconcha 123 Rivulus 205, 243 Rheodytes 62 Rhytida 127 Roach, Albanian 168 Rheomys 145 RHYTIDIDAE 127,175,216 Roach, Black Sea 203 rheophilus, Taudactylus 67 richardsoni liberiensis, Poiana 224 Roach, Danube 203 Rhincodon 201 richardsoni, Melanospiza 162 Roach, Tuna Cave 247 RHINCODONTIDAE 201 richardsoni, Microhydromys 144 roachi, Myomimus 28 Rhinichthys 74, 183,246 richardsoni, Phrantela 211 Robberfly, Antioch 250 Rhinoceros, Black 19 richmondi, Sciurus 142 Robberfly, Hurd's 250 Rhinoceros, Great Indian 19, 226 ricketti, Myolis 138 roberti, Alloperla 187 rhinoceros, Haplophlhalmus 97 rickseckeri, Hydrochara 249 roberti, Chionomys 143 Rhinoceros, Javan 19 ricordi, Cyclura 60 roberti, Conopophaga 155 Rhinoceros, Northern White 225 ricto, Hemidaina 254 roberti, Gymnuromys 24 Rhinoceros, Sumatran 19 riddellii, Pleurobema 172 roberti, Nesidiolestes 251 Rhinoceros, White 130 ridgwayi, Aegolius 152 robertsi, Euastacus 96 Rhinoceros 19,225,226 ridgwayi, Buteo 33 robertsi, Zenacrhopterus 243 RHINOCEROTIDAE 19, 130,225 ridgwayi, Cotinga 46 robertsoni, Bellamya 120 Rhinoclemmys 64, 166 ridgwayi, Nesotriccus 47 Robin, Black-throated Blue 51 RHINOCRYPTIDAE 46, 155 ridgwayi, Thalurania 44 Robin, Blue-fronted 158 Rhinocypha 106 Ridley, Kemp's 63 Robin, Chatham Islands 51 Rhinoderma 201 Ridley, Olive 63 Robin, Grey-headed 159 RHINODERMATIDAE 201 ridleyi, Hipposideros 10 Robin, Olive-yellow 199 rhinogradoides, Tateomys 27 ridleyi, Myotis 138 Robin, Rufous-headed 51 Robin, RHINOLOPHIDAE 10, 129, 136, 194 riedelii, Tanysiptera 154 Ryukyu 158 Robin, Rhinolophus 10, 11, 129, 137, 194 Riekoperla 109 Snow Mountain 199 Robin, Swynnerton's Rhinomyias 52, 160 Riffleshell, Angled 187 52 Robin-chat, White-headed 50 Rhinonicteris 1 Riffleshell, Northern 255 robinsi, Rhinophylla 137 Riffleshell, Tan 255 Priolepis 169 Rhinopithecus 15 Riffleshell, Tennessee 187 robinsoni, Coelops 136 Rhinopoma 10 Riffleshell, Wabash 187 robinsoni, Myiophonus 159 RHINOPOMATIDAE 10 Riflebird, Paradise 164 Roblinella 174 Rhinoptilus 37 riggenbachi, Gerbillus 143 roborowskii, Carpodacus 199 Rhipidolestes 107 rijersmai, Alsophis 61 robusta ssp., Gila 246 Rhipidomys 27, 145 n'/ey/ cristata, Cyclura 234 robusta, Actinella 174 Rhipidura 52, 160, 199 n'/eyi nuchalis, Cyclura 234 robusta, Alasmidonta 110 rhipidurus, Echimys 197 n/ej'/ n7e>'i, Cyclura 234 robusta, Dubiraphia 249 Rhithrodytes 99 n/cyi, Cyclura 60 robusta, Mystacina 177 Rhizoplagiodonua 179 n/eyi, Poecilmitis 103 robusta, Pantagenia 186 Rhizosomichthys 183 Rimator 160 robusta, Partula 191 Rhodacanthis 181 rimiculus ssp., Catostomus 246 robusta, Pyrgulopsis 21 robustior, Rhodacme 113 rimosus, Lemiox 1 1 Miniopterus 12

Rhodeus 236 ringens, Diplommatina 210 robustus , Eschrichtius 225 rhodocephala, Pyrrhura 152 Ringlet, False 171 robustus isabellinus, Macropus 220 rhodocorytha, Amazona 40 Ringlet, False Dewy 253 robustus, Chaetodon 84 Rhodonessa 2il Ringlet, Gavarnie 253 robustus, Eschrichtius 129 Rhogeessa 139 Ringlet, Larche 253 robustus, Eudyptes 29 rhombifer, Crocodylus 58 Ringlet, Ottoman Brassy 253 robustus, Rivulus 205 rhombosomoides, Caimsichthys 78 Ringlet, Raetzer's 171 robustus, Scotophilus 139 RHOPALIDAE 251 Ringlet, Sudeten 253 robustus, Solegnathus 82 Rhophodon 214 Ringtail, Arfak 193 rochussenii, Scolopax 38 Rhopomis 46 Ringtail, D'Albertis 4 Rock-catfish 203 Rhoptromyrmex 101 Ringtail, Lowland 193 Rock-catfish, Barnard's 76 Rhyacophila 187,255 Ringtail, Plush-coated 5 Rock-catfish, Clanwilliam 76 RHYACOPHILIDAE 187,255 Ringtail, Western 4 Rock-rat, Central 27 Rhyacomis 52 Ringtail, Weyland 193 Rock-skink, Jurien Bay 234 rhynchida, Kenkia 256 rintjanus, Komodomys 24 Rock-thrush, Benson's 52 RHYNCHOCEPHALIA 58, 243 riochcoensis, Radioconus 123 Rock-thrush, Forest 160 Rhynchochydorus 90 RIODINIDAE 253 Rock-wallaby, Black-footed 220, 241 Rhynchocyon 29, 245 ni( sakishimana, Planaeschna 237 Rock-wallaby, Brush-tailed4 Rhyncholestes 3 mi, Progomphus 107 Rock-wallaby, Cape York 135 Rhynchomeles 193 risora, Alectrurus 47 Rock-wallaby, Mountain Claro 135 Rhynchomys 27 fiiija 38 Rock-wallaby, Prosperine4

342 8 5 3 1 22 1

Rock-wallaby, Yellow-footed 135, 220 Rose, Sri Lankan 105 rubens, Orthetrum 209 rockefelleri, Nectarinia 53 rosea, Partula 127 ruicr, Myotis 12 Rockfish, Boccacio 82 Rosefinch, Tibetan 199 rubescens, Gallicolumba 39 Rockfowl, Grey-necked 52 rosei, Capensibufo 166 rubicola, Melomys 25 Rockfowl, White-necked 51 rosei, Heleophryne 66 rubicunda, Bellamya 120 rockhamptonensis, Sphaerospira 174 roseicapilla, Ptilinopus 151 rubicundus, Helicarion 125 Rockjumper, Orange-breasted 158 roseigaster, Priotelus 153 rubida, Monodelphis 3 Rockjumper, Rufous 158 rosenbergi, Nyctiphrynus 1 53 rubida, Rhinoclemmys 64 Rocksnail, Agate 118 rosenbergii, Gymnocrex 36 rubidiceps, Chloephaga 147 Rocksnail, Armored 118 roseus, Opislhopatus 187 rubiginosus, Prionailurus 195 Rocksnail, Bigmouth 118 roseveari, Lemniscomys 143 rufcra, Foudia 57 Rocksnail, Helmet 118 rosewateri, Tridacna 1 1 ruira, Mycteroperca 206 Rocksnail, Interrupted 188 rositae, Passerina 162 rubra, Paradisaea 164 Rocksnail, Knobby 118 rosmarus laptevi, Odobenus 224 rubranura, Felexamia 251 Rocksnail, Lyrate 118 rosseti, Myotis 138 rubricollis, Charadrius yi Rocksnail, Maiden 118 rossi, Apatalestea 250 rubrifacies, Lybius 154 Rocksnail, Muddy 118 rossi, Trigonoscuta 185 rubripes, Rocksnail, Oblong 118 Odontopodisma 108 rossiana, Paryphanta 216 rubritorques, Rocksnail, Onyx 118 Anthreptes 53 rossmaessieri, Chilostoma 174 rubriventer, Rocksnail, Ornate 118 Eulemur 14 Rossomrymex 101 Rocksnail, Painted 118 rubriventris, Pseudemys 166 Rossomyrmex 101 Rocksnail, Plicate 118 rubrogenys, Ara 40 rossouwi, Aloeides 102 Rocksnail, Rotund 118 rubrum, Etheostoma 169 rossouwi, Thestor 104 Rocksnail, Round 117 rubrum, Pleurobema 111 rostrata rostrata, Rocksnail, Rugose 118 Aprasia 234 ruckii, Cyornis 50 Rocksnail, Smooth 118 rostrata, Helicina 112 Rudd, Greek 74 Rocksnail, Spotted 118 rostratum, Trichastoma 160 ™ddi, Heteromirafra 48 Rocksnail, Striped 118 rostratus, Galaxias 76 rude;, Necydalis 248 Rocksnail, Varicose 118 rostripes, Diaptomus 207 rut/ii, Hetaerina 106 Rocksnail, Warty 118 rostrogaleatus, Engaeus 96 rarfi5, Jacksonena 173

Rocky, Eastern Province 88 roswellensis, Pyrgulopsis 21 r«t/(.5, Naultinus 243 RODENTIA 22, 131, 142, 178, 197, 230, rotanus, Semperdon 214 rwdij, Sinployea 190 242, 245 rotensis, Zosterops 54 rudolfi, Ninox 42 rodericana, 'Alectroenas' 180 rothschildi, Cypseloides 153 rudolphi, Paradisaea 58 rodericana, Geonemertes 217 rothschildi, Leucopsar 57 rueppelli, Vulpes 195 rodericanus, 'Necropsittacus' 181 rothschildi, Murexia 193 rueppellii, Nycticeius 139 rodericanus, Bebrornis 50 rothschildi, Myospalax 144 ru/a nigra, Aplodontia 230 rodericanus, Necrospar 182 rothschildi, Ornithoptera 105 ru/a phaea, Aplodontia 230 rodolphei, Stachyris 52 rothschildi, Phalanger 4 r«^, Formica 170 rodricensis, Pteropus 9 rotula, Himeroconcha 214 r«/a, Trichocichla 53

rodriguezensis, Afrogyrus 1 1 rotulata, Obovaria 172 rufescens, Atrichornis 47 rodriguezensis, Dancea 124 rotundata, Bridouxiana 119 rufescens, Elisolimax 215 rodriguezensis, Nesopupa 216 rotundata, Parantica liH rufescens, llladopsis 159 rodriguezi, Reithrodontomys 27 rotundatus, Sandracottus 249 rufescens, Rhagomys 27 rogersi campestris, Procambarus 237 rotundicauda, Carcinoscorpius 209 Ruffe, Balon's 206 rogersi explelus, Procambarus 237 rotundicollis, Dysticheus 248 Ruffe, Striped 83 rogersi ochlocknensis, Procambarus rouchi, Ceuthonectes 96 ruficapilla, Alcippe 158 237 rouchi, Spelaeodiaptomus IQil ruficauda, Myrmeciza 46 rogersi rogersi, Procambarus 237 rougetii, Rougetius 150 ruficauda, Neochmia 57 rogersi, Atlantisia 36 Rougetius 150 ruftcaudatus, Lepilemur 241 rogersi, Tomicha 1 1 rourei, Nemosia 55 ruficeps, Eucerceris 251 Roimonlis 214 Rousette, Madagascar 10 ruficeps, Luscinia 51 Roja, Barbo de Cola 71 Rousettus 10, 136 ruficeps, Paradoxomis 160 rolandiana, Moitessieria244 rousseloti, Dendroprionomys 143 ruficollaris, Todirhamphus 44 rorrmnica, Cobitis 203 rovianae, Gallirallus 149 ruficollis, Branta 32 Romanichthys 84 rowelli bakerensis, Eremarionta 239 ruficollis, Madanga 53 Romankenkius 192 rowelli mccoiana, Eremarionta 239 ruficollis, Sporophila 163 Romerolagus 29 Rowettia 55 ruficollis, Syndactyla 45 ronaldi, Beddomeia 1 1 rowleyi, Eutrichomyias 50 rufifrons tilonura, Gazella 228 rondoensis, Galagoides 194 roxellana, Rhinopithecus 15 rufifrons, Formicarius 45 roosevelti, Anolis 59 roylei, Alticola 143 rufifrons, Garrulax 159 roquettei, Phylloscartes 47 rozendaali, Murina 138 rufifrons, Gazella 21 roraimae, Podoxymys 144 ruatanica, Dasyprocta 28 rufigenis, Atlapetes 162 rosacea, Mycteroperca 83 Ruatara 123 rufigula, Ficedula 158 rosae, Amblyopsis 77 rubecula, Poospiza 55 rufigularis, Hemitriccus 156 rosalia, Leontopithecus 14 rubella, Palaina 21 rufigularis, Hyetornis 42

Rosalia 98 rubellum, Pleurobema 1 1 rufilatus, Cephalophus 130 rosalinda, Gerbillus 242 rubens, Amastra 121 rufina, Gazella 178

343 1 9 1

rufina, Mazama 141 Sable, Japanese 224 Salamander. Red Hills 68 rufipectus, Arborophila 34 Sabrefin, Santa Catarina79 Salamander. San Marcos 68 rufipennis, Macropygia 151 Sabrewing, Long-tailed 153 Salamander, Santa Cruz Long-toed246 rufipennis, Nectarinia 53 Sabrewing, Napo 153 Salamander, Sardinian Brook68 rufipes, Phrynops 165 Sabrewing, Santa Marta 153 Salamander, Sardinian or Brown Cave rufiventer, Pteruthius 160 Sabrewing, White-tailed 43 167 rufiventris, Alsophis 61 sabrinus califomicus, Glaucomys 230 Salamander, Semirechensk68 rufivenlris, Saltator 55 sabrinus coloratus, Glaucomys 230 Salamander, Shasta 68 rufocinctus, Kupeornis 159 sabrinus fuscus, Glaucomys 230 Salamander, Shenandoah 68 rufocinerea, Grallaria 46 sabrinus griseifrons, Glaucomys 230 Salamander, Siskiyou Mts68 Salamander, Tehachapi rufodorsalis, Diplomys 28 Sacalia 64, 200 Slender68 Saccogaster 77 Salamander, Texas Blind 68 rufofilosa, Tanganyicia 1 1 Salamander. Vietnamese 68 rufogularis, Alcippe 158 Saccolaimus 10, 136 Salamandra 69. 235 rufogularis, Pachycephala 132 Saccopteryx 136 SALAMANDRIDAE 68, 132, rufolavalus, Tachybaptus 29 sacerdotalis, Crassispira 213 167, 201, 235 rufomarginatus, Euscarthmus 47 sacerdotum, Monarcha 5 salamandroides, Lepidogalaxias 168 rufomerus, Chrysococcyx 198 sachalinensis, Microtus 144 Salamis 253 rufoniger, Spilocuscus 4 sacobianus, Apomys 23 salamonis, Gallicolumba 39 rufopectus, Poliocephalus 29 sacramenti, Meriones 25 salamonis, Solomvs 27 rufosuperciliaris, Hemispingus 162 Sacramento, Anthicus 98 SALANGIDAE 76 rufozonata, Pachystyla 190 Saddleback 132 Salanoia 17 rufula, Georissa 209 Sadleriana 116 salaziensis, Ctenophila 245 rufum, Rhinodentm 201 sadoensis. Euhadra 213 salebrosa, Lithasia sadonis, Sorex 1 118 rufum, Stenoderma 1 salebrosus, Solomys 145 th/wj, Canis 16 saeronius, Bulimulus 126 salenskii, Soriculus 8 ru/w5, Rhinolophus 137 5aga 109 salifana, Partula 191 rugensis, Metabolus 51 SAGDIDAE 216 salimalii, Latidens 9 mgiferus. Bulimulus 126 sagitta, Partula 191 salinarum, Biomphalaria 173 rugosa, Deinacrida 109 sagittatus, Otus 42 salinarum, Xolmis 156 rugosiceps, Oceanides 251 sagittirostris. Viridonia 181 salinasensis, Disconaias 110 Ruivaco 74 Saguinus 14,221,241 salinasensis. Lampsilis 255 raA:;, Sufaa 53 Saiga 22 salinicola, Dolichotis 145 Rufaa 53, 161 Saiga, Mongolian 230 salinus milleri, Cyprinodon 247 rulieni, Miloderes 248 Saiga, Russian 230 salinus salinus, Cyprinodon 247 rumphiana, Quadrula 172 Sa/ga 22, 230 Sailer, Pale Salmanderfish 168 rumpii, Myosorex 7 Hockeystick 253 Salnw 77, 204 rumppi, Agabus 248 Saimiri 15,222 saimoides ssp., Micropterus 247 rupestris. Elephantulus 29 saintjohni, Mautodontha 189 sakaramyi, Salmon, Satsukimasu 77 rupicapra asiatica, Rupicapra 230 Pachypanchax 79 Saki, Black 222 SALMONIDAE 77, 183. 204, 236, 243, rupicapra balcanica, Rupicapra 242 Saki, Equatorial 241 247 rupicapra cartusiana, Rupicapra 230 Saki, Uta Hick's Bearded SALMONIFORMES 76, 168, 183, 204, rupicapra caucasica, Rupicapra 222 230 236, 243, 247 Saki, White-nosed Bearded 241 rupicapra tatrica. Rupicapra 230 Salado, Sardinita de 183 salmonis. Beddomeia 115 Rupicapra 131,230,242 salmopunctatus, Anthias 82 saladonis, Notropis 1 83 rupicola, Lacerta 165 Salamander, Abe's 68 Salmothymus 11 ruppj, Myomys 25 Salamander, Amber-coloured 201 Salpingotus 23, 143, 197 ruschii, Abrawayaomys 23 Salamander, Caucasian 167 Saltator, Masked 163 ruspolii, Tauraco 42 Salamander, Cheat Mountain 68 Saltator, Rufous-bellied 55 Russatus 214 Salamander, Chinese Giant 201 Saltator, Thick-billed 163 rustica, Partula 191 Salamander, Desert Slender 68 Saltator 55, 163 ruthenus , Acipenser 235 Salamander, Gold-striped 68 Saltillo, Charalito 72 ruthenus, Acipenser 70 Salamander, Golden 235 saltuarius, Crypturellus 29 Rutilus 74, 168, 203 Salamander, Green 167 saluposi, Mexilana 97 ruwenzorii, Micropotamogale 5 Salamander, Grotto 201 salvadorii, Psittaculirostris 41 Ruwenzorisorex 7 Salamander, Hakuba 68 Salvadorina 32 ruweti, Ploceus 57 Salamander, Hokuriku 68 salvanius, Sus 20 ruzskyi, Strongylognathus 102 Salamander. Japanese Giant 68 Salvelinus 11, 183,204 rva

344 1 5 1 1

samoensis, Pteropus 9 Sarotherodon 86, 236 Schayera 108 samoensis, Zosterops 54 Sarothrura 37 scheepmakeri, Goura 39 sampsoni, Dysnomia 187 Sasakia 253 scherzeri, Euploea 104 sampsonii, Epioblasma 1 1 Satan 75 Schismatogobius 207 samurai, Polyergus 101 satanas satanas, Chiropotes 222 schistacea, Coracirm 242 sanbomi, Sciurus 142 satanas utahicki, Chiropotes 222 schistacea, Zoothera 161 sanctacrucis, Nyctimene 177 satanas, Allodiaptomus 91 schistaceus, Hipposideros 136 sanclacrucis, Pieropus 9 satanas, Colobus 15 schistaceus, Mayromis 159 sanctaecrucis. Gallicolumba 39 saterei, Callithrix 194 schisticolor, Myopus 144 sanctaecrucis. Zosterops 242 satura, Lampsilis 172 Schislura 75 sanctaehclenae. Callionymus 87 SATURNIIDAE 208 Schizoeaca 155 sanctaehelenae, Charadrius 37 satyavati, Lethe 253 Schizothorax 74 sanctaehclenae, Chromis 86 satyra, Tragopan 149 schlegeli, Philepitta 157 sanctaehelenae, Stegastes 86 SATYRIDAE 171, 253 schlegeli, Pseudocheirus 193 Satyrodes sanctaehelenae, Succinea 175 253 schlegelii, Tomistoma 199 sancticrucis, saudiya, Gazella 178 Alsophis 182 schleiermacheri, Polyplectron 35 sanctipaulensis, saulcyi, Hemicycla Akodon 143 125 schmitzi, Rhoptromyrmex 101 sandawanum, Graphium 105 saurulersi, Larus 38 schnablii, Amorphochilus 1 saundersiae. sandbergeri, Bythiospeum 1 1 Otomys 144 schneideri, Bitis 62 Sandelia 88 SAURIA 59, 164, 182, 199, 234, 243, 246 schneideri. Pitta 47 Sandfish, sauvagei, Ptyochromis 86 Clanwilliam 72 schneideri, Teleutomyrmex 102 Sandia, Perritos de 183 sauveli. Bos 20 schneideri, Tiradelphe 105 Sauzieri sandiegonensis, Branchinecta 91 181 Schoenicola 160 Sandpiper, Spoon-billed 37 savesi, Aegotheles 43 schoenigi, Parantica 104 Sandpiper, Tahitian 180 Sawfin 71 schomburgki, Cervus 178 Sandpiper, Tuamotu 38 Sawfish, Common 70 schomburgkii, Micropygia 149 Sandpiper-plover, Diademed 150 Sawfish, Freshwater 69 schottlaenderi, Monolistra 97 Sandracottus 249 Sawfish, Largetooth 69 Schoutedenapus 43 sandrius, Gomphus 107 Sawfish, Smalltooth 69 schoutedeni, Schoutedenapus 43 Sandshell, Southern 255 sawtelli, Collocalia 43 schraetzer, Gymnocephalus 83 sandvicensis, Branta 32 Sawwing, Mountain 157 schreiberi, Lacerta 165 sandwicensis, Eleotris 206 saxatilis, Orconectes 94 schreibersi, Miniopterus 138 sandwichensis, Porzana 180 Saxicola 52, 160 schrencki, Acipenser 70 sandwichensis, Pterodroma 30 iav(, Zoraena 106 schrenki, Perca 206 sanfelipensis, Mesocapromys 28 saypani, Zosterops 162 schulzi, Cinclus 49 sanfordi, Cyomis 50 sazirrmi, Hylodes 67 schulzi, Dryocopus 154 sanfordi, Haliaeetus 33 scabro, Lyropupa 216 schulzi, Tonatia 1 sangirensis, Tarsius 194 Scaevatuta 213 schuppi, Ptychodon 123 sanguicauda, Tominanga 79 scaevola mikawa, Euhadra 239 schweizeri, Macrovipera 62 sanguinea, scalarina, Palairm 211 Laminella 111 SCIAENIDAE 84 sanguineus, Scaleshell 172 Rhachis 189 Scimitar-babbler, Short-tailed51 sanguinichristi, scalops, Monodelphis 3 Pisidium 256 Scimitar-babbler, Slender-billed 161 Scaly-foot, Brigalow 60 sanitwongsei, Pangasius 203 SCINCIDAE 60, 165, 182, 200, 234, 243, Sanjika, Dwarf 73 scamandri, Hydrobia 116 246 27 sankara nar, Neptis 253 scandens, Rhipidomys scindocataracta, Geminoropa 123 8 Sanopus 78 SCANDENTIA sciopteryx, Nesomimesa 251 70 santaanae, Catostomus 75 Scaphirhynchus scipio, Erebia 253 Scarab, Saline Valley Snow-front250 santamariae, Cyprinella 72 scitula antiochensis. Perdita 251 Scarab, Spotted Warner Valley Dunes250 santipaulae, Stegastes 86 SCIURIDAE 22, 131, 142, 197, 230, 242, santovestris, Aplonis 57 SCARABAEIDAE 99, 249 245 santschii, Monomorium 101 Scardinius 74, 203 Sciurotamias 22 Sanzinia 61 SCARIDAE 87 Sciurus 142,230,231 Scartomyzon 203 Sapheopipo 45 sclateri, Austroglanis 203 87 sapidus, Arvicola 143 Scarus sclateri, Barbus 167 Scaturiginichthys 79 sapientis, Solomys 27 sclateri, Cercopilhecus 15 Sapphire, White Spotted 103 Sceloglaux 181 sclateri, Chlorotalpa 5 sarasinorum. Mops 139 Scelotes 61, 165 sclateri, Eudyptes 29 52 sarasinorum, Tamanka 87 Scepomycter sclateri, Lophophorus 35 sarasinorum, Telmatherina 79 schadenbergi, Atrophaneura 105 sclateri, Myosorex 1 sarasinorum, Xenopoecilus 81 schadenbergi, Crateromys 23 sclateri, Sorex 7 Saratoga, Southern 167 schaeferi, Pseudois 21 sclateri, Spizocorys 157 saratogae, Belostoma 250 schalleri, Myosorex 7 Sclerodermus 251 194 Sarcogyps 148 schaubi, Myotis Scleronycteris II SARCOPTERYGII 88 schauinslandi, Caconemobius 108 Scleropages 70, 167 sardus, Prolagus 179 schauinslandi, Monachus 17 scodrensis, Chondrostoma 71 sargenti, Somatogyrus 212 schaumi Shenandoah, Sphaeroderus Scolomys 27 248 Saroglossa 164 SCOLOPACIDAE 37, 150, 180

345 Scolopax 38, 150 Scythebill, Greater 155 semicarinata, Partulina 121 Scolopendra 89 Sea-eagle, Pallas's 33 semicaudata, Emballonura 10 SCOLOPENDRIDAE 89 Sea-eagle, Steller's33 semicostata, Omphalotropis 210 SCOLOPENDROMORPHA 89 seabrai, Myotis 12 semilarvata, Eos 152 Scomberomorus 88 Seadragon, Leafy 205 semilarvatus, Parus 161 SCOMBRIDAE 88, 207, 236 Seadragon, Weedy 205 semilineata, Tropidophora 188 Scops-owl, Anjouan 42 Seahorse, Big-bellied 81 Semioptera 164 Scops-Owl, Flores 245 Seahorse, Dwarf 82 semipalmatus, Eleutherodactylus 201 Scops-owl, Grand Comoro 42 Seahorse, Giant 81 semipalmatus, Limnodromus 150 Seahorse, 81 Scops-owl, Javan 42 Knysna semiplumbea, Leucoptemis 148 Scops-owl, Luzon 42 Seahorse, Lined 81 semiplumbeus, Rallus 37 Seahorse, Long-snouted 81 Scops-owl, Mindanao 42 semirubra, Rhipidura 52 Seahorse, Short-headed 205 Scops-owl, Mindoro 42 Semnopithecus 140 Seahorse, Short-snouted 81 Scops-owl, Palawan 42 Semnomis 154 Seahorse, Slender 81 Scops-owl, Pemba 153 semoni, Helicarion 256 Scops-owl, Sao Tome 153 Seahorse, Three-spotted 82 semoni, Hipposideros 136 Scops-owl, Seychelles 42 Seahorse, White's 82 Semotilus 203 Scops-owl, Sokoke 42 Seal, Baikal 140 Semotrachia 122, 174 Scops-Owl, Sumatran 246 Seal, Baltic 224 semotus, Apodemus 143 Scops-owl, Wallace's 153 Seal, Caspian 17 semperasper, Notropis 202 Scops-owl, White-fronted 42 Seal, Galapagos Fur 17 Semperdon 214, 245 SCORPAENIDAE 82 Seal, Grey 224 semperi, Leucopeza 56 SCORPAENIFORMES 82, 184, 206, 244 Seal, Guadalupe Fur 17 semperi, Paludinella 210 Scortum 206, 247 Seal, Hawaiian Monk 17 senegalensis, Cyclanorbis 166 scotica, Loxia 199 Seal, Juan Fernandez Fur 17 senegalensis, Trichechus 19 Scotoecus 139 Seal, Ladoga 224 senex, Stumus 164 Scotomanes 139, 194 Seal, Mediterranean Monk 17 senex, Todirostrum 242 Scotopelia 42 Seal, Northern Fur 17 Seal, Saimaa 224 senicula, Hypena 186 Scotophilus 13, 139, 194 Seal, Ungava 224 seniculus amazonica. Alouatta 221 Scotorythra 186 Seal, West Indian Monk 178 scniculus insulans, Alouatta 221 scottae, Dendrotagus 4 Seal, Western Pacific Harbor 242 seniculus juara, Alouatta 221 scotti, Cambarus 93 Seal ion, Japanese 224 seniculus puruensis, Alouatta 221 scotti, Myotis 12 Sebastes 82 senilis, Gambusia 168 scottodicarloi, Speleophria 97 secedens, Hyla 201 sentaniensis, Chilatherina 78 scratchleyi, Thryssa 202 sechellarum, Copsychus 50 Sephanoides 43 Screamer, Northern 147 sechellarum, 57 Seps, Breyer's Long-tailed 59 Screech-owl, Colombian 152 Foudia Seps, Eastwood's Screech-owl, Santa Barbara 152 sechellensis, Bebromis 50 Longtailed 182 sechellensis, septendecim, Magicicada 170 scripta callirostris, Trachemys 246 Sooglossus 68 septendecula, Magicicada 170 scripta, Trachemys 166 sechurae, Dusicyon 195 septentrionalis, Lepilemur 14 scrofa riukiuanus, Sus 226 seclusus, Paracymus 249 Scrub-bird, Noisy 47 secundus, Otomops 13 septentrionalis, Ordtrachia 174 Scrub-bird, Rufous 47 sedula, Prototrachia 122 septima, Gomphus 107 Scrubfowl, Micronesian 34 seeberi, Labeo 72 sequoicola censors, Helminthoglypta Scrubfowl, Moluccan 34 Seed-finch, Great-billed 162 239 Scrubfowl, Niaufoou 34 Seed-finch, Large-billed 162 seriatus, Psacadonotus 109 Scrubfowl, Nicobar 34 Seedeater, Black-and-tawny55 Serica 250 Scrubfowl, Sula 149 Seedeater, Black-bellied 163 sericata, Pronesopupa 216 Scrubfowl, Tabon 149 Seedeater, Blackish-blue 162 sericea, Loboparadisea 199 Scrubfowl, Vanuatu 34 Seedeater, Buffy-fronted 55 sericeus, Stumus 164 Scrubwren, Atherton 132 Seedeater, Chestnut 163 Sericomis 132 Sculpin, Bear Lake 82 Seedeater, Dark-throated 163 SERICOSTOMATIDAE 255 Sculpin, Fourhorn 244 Seedeater, Entre Ri'os 55 Sericulus 58 Sculpin, Klamath Lake 206 Seedeater, Grey-and-chestnutl63 Serin, Ankober 56 Sculpin, Pygmy 82 Seedeater, Hooded 55 Serin, Salvadori's 57 Sculpin, Rough 82 Seedeater, Kipengere 163 Serin, Yellow-throated 57 Sculpin, Shoshone 82 Seedeater, Marsh 55 Serinus 56, 57, 163 Sculpin, Slender 206 Seedeater, Santa Marta !62 Serow, Chinese 228 Sculpin, Utah Lake 184 Seedeater, Slate-blue 162 Serow, Formosan 21 Sculpin, Wood River 82 Seedeater, Temminck's 55 Serow, Himalayan 228 Scutptiferussacia 124 Seedeater, Tumaco 55 Serow, Indochinese 228 sculpturatus, Bulimulus 126 segregata, Muscicapa 199 Serow, Japanese 130 sculpturatus, Megacolabus 248 seimundi, Treron 151 Serow, Mainland 21 scutata, Lissemys 200 Selasphorus 43 Serow, Red 228 scutatus, Augastes 153 Selevinia 28 Serow, Sumatran 228 scutula, Discus 174 selina, Crocidura 7 serpensinsula, Nactus 59 scutulata, Cairina 32 selium, Nesidiolestes 251 Serpent-eagle, Andaman 148 Scytalopus 46 sellare, Etheostoma 184 Serpent-eagle, Madagascar 33

346 7

Serpent-eagle, Mountain 198 160 shoshone, Pelocoris 251 Serpent-eagle, Nicobar 148 sharpei, Raphicerus 131 Shou 226 SERPENTES 61, 165, 182, 200, 234, 243, sharpei, Terenura 46 Shoulderband, Cape 239 246 shastae, Hydromantes 68 Shoulderband. Kern 125 serra, Barbus 71 shawmayeri. Hydromys 143 Shoulderband, Merced Canyon 125 serrana, Formicivora 155 Shearwater, Black-vented 30 Shoulderband, Mesa 125 SERRANIDAE 82, 168, 206 Shearwater, Buller's 146 Shoulderband, Morro 125 Serranochromis 132 Shearwater, Heinroth's 30 Shoulderband, Victorville 174 Serrastruma 101 Shearwater, Mutton's 30 shoupi, Orconectes 94 serval constantinus, Leptailurus 223 Shearwater, Newell 's 30 showalteri, Lepyrium 116 Serval, North African 223 Shearwater, Pink-footed 30 showalteri, Pleurocera 118 servillei, Onconotus 109 Shearwater, Townsend's 30 showatterii, Leptoxis 118 SESIIDAE 254 Sheep, Barbary 20 Shrew, Andaman 6 setaria, Leptasthenura 155 Sheep, Bighorn 131 Shrew, Azumi 7 setaroi, Bradypodion 59 Sheep, Blue 141 Shrew, Black 8 setchuanus, Eozapus 23 Sheep, Dwarf Blue 21 Shrew, Bornean Smooth-tailed TreeS seticostatus, Heterexis 248 Sheep, Egyptian Barbary 245 Shrew, Bornean Tree 8 setifrons, Xenomis 46 Sheep, Mexican Bighorn 229 Shrew, Borneo Water 6 setiliris, Ctenophila 124 Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn 229 Shrew, Dusky 8 Setobaudinia 244 Sheep, Putorean Snow 229 Shrew, Egyptian Pygmy 193 Setobaudinia 174 Sheep, Red 245 Shrew, Rores 8 Selomedea 174 Sheep, Snow 131 Shrew, Flower's 6 Setonix 4 Sheep, Weems' Bighorn 229 Shrew, Gabon Dwarf 8 Shelduck, Crested 32 Setomis 157 Shrew, Gansu 7 Shelduck, Mauritian 179 setosa, Monadenia 121 Shrew, Golden-bellied TreeS Shell, Alabama Pearl 110 Shrew, Greater setosis, Mesacanthotelson 247 Stripe-backed 7 shelleyi, Cryptospiza 57 Shrew, Kelaart's setosus, Euastacus 96 Long-clawed 7 Shenandoah, Plelhodon 68 Shrew, Kozlov's 7 setubalensis. Candidula 126 shepardiana, Elliptio 172 Shrew, Long-tailed Forest 7 setzeri, Myomimus 28 shepherdi, Tasmacetus 197 Shrew, Makwassie Musk 241 jciverzowi, Bonasa 149 Sheppardia 52 Shrew, Malayan Water 6 sexdentata, Helenoconcha 189 sherrini, Nyctophilus 139 Shrew, Nicobar 6 sexlineata, Melanotaenia 205 shieli, Boeckella 91 Shrew, Nicobar Tree 8 sexnotatus, Dryobius 248 shigetai, Japonia 210 Shrew, Orii's 7 sexluberculata, Podocnemis 65 shihi, Eodiaptomus 92 Shrew. Palawan Tree 8 seychellensis, Coleura 10 Shijimiaeoides 252 Shrew, Pale Grey 7 seychellensis, Pelusios 65 Shiner. Ameca 183 Shrew, Paramushir 7 seychellensis, Tachycnemis 66 Shiner, Beautiful 71 Shrew, Pearson's Long-clawed Seychellibasis 237 Shiner, Blackmouth 73 Shrew. Philippine Tree 8 Shad, Alabama 71 Shiner, Blue 71 Shrew. Pribilof 7 Shad, Allis 202 Shiner, Bluehead 202 Shrew, Sado 7 Shad, Twaite 202 Shiner, Bluenose 202 Shrew, Salenski's 8 shajferyi, Meliobba 173 Shiner. Bluestripe 167 Shrew, Southern Short-tailed 136 Shag, Auckland Islands 31 Shiner, Bluntnose 73 Shrew, Sri Lankan Long-tailed 6 Shag, Bounty Islands 31 Shiner, Cahaba 73 Shrew, St Lawrence 7 Shag, Campbell Island 31 Shiner, Cape Fear 73 Shrew, Sumatra Water 6 Shag, Chatham Islands 31 Shiner, Colorless 168 Shrew-Mole, Chinese 8 Shag, Kenyon's 198 Shiner, Conchos 71 Shrew-mouse, Mt Isarog 23 Shag, New Zealand King 31 Shiner, Cuatro Cienegas 72 Shrew-rat, Mt Isarog 27 Shag, Pitt Island 31 Shiner, Durango 183 Shrew-tenrec, Dusky 5 Shag, Stewart Island 31 Shiner, Ouachita Mountain 72 Shrew-tenrec, Gracile 5 Shama, Black 50 Shiner, Phantom 183 Shrew-tenrec, Greater Long-taiIed5 shameli, Rhinolophus 137 Shiner, Proserpine 71 Shrew-tenrec, Lesser Long-tailed241 shantungensis, Crocidura 193 Shiner, Rio Grande 202 Shrew-tenrec, Pygmy 5 Shark, Basking 69 Shiner, Roughhead 202 Shrew-tenrec, Short-tailed241 Shark, Blacktip 69 Shiner, Sharpnose 202 Shrew-tenrec, Thomas's 5 Sixgill 69 Shark, Bluntnose Shiner, Smalleye 73 Shrike, Mountain 157 Shark, Dusky 69 Shiner, Turquoise 167 Shrike, Sao Tome Fiscal 48 Shark, Ganges 69 Shining-parrot, Crimson 152 Shrike-babbler, Black-headed 160 Shark, Great White 69 Shining-parrot, Masked 152 Shrike-thrush. Bower's 158 Shark, Kitefm 69 White-tailed47 shitkovi, Pygeretmus 143 Shrike-tyrant, Shark, tiger Shrike-vireo, Chestnut-sided Sand 69 Shoebill 147 163 Shark, Sandbar 69 Shrikebill, Black-throated 158 Short-tail, Sao Tome 49 Shark, Silver 71 Shrikebill, Rennell 158 shortridgei, Pseudomys 131 Shark, Whale 201 Shrimp, Alabama Cave 93 shortridgei, Thallomys 145 Shrimp, Balcones Cave 95 sharmani, Petrogale 135 Shortwing, Gould's 158 Shrimp. Brine 91 sharpei, Anthus 157 Shortwing, Rusty-bellied 50 Shrimp, California Freshwater93 sharpei, Lalage 157 Shortwing, White-bellied 158 sharpei, Pseudocossyphus

347 1 1 1

Shrimp, Conservancy Fairy 91 Sika, Tsushima 227 simulatus, Habromys 24 Shrimp, Fairy 91 sikkimensis, Rattus 26 simulus, Peromyscus 144 Shrimp, Florida Fairy 91 sikorae, Rheocles 183 simum cottoni, Ceratotherium 225 Shrimp, Giant Fairy 244 sikotanensis, Clethrionomys 143 simum, Ceratotherium 130 Shrimp, Great Lake 90 silaceus, Celaenomys 143 simus, Cyprinodon 80 Shrimp, Kentucky Cave 93 silenus, Macaca 15 simus, Hapalemur 14 Shrimp, Longhorn Fairy 91 Silhouettea 169 simus, Kogia 242 Shrimp, Mona Cave 93 silindensis, Aethomys 242 simus, Notropis 73 Shrimp, Mono Lake Brine 132 Silktail 51 sinaiticus, Paragomphus 107 Shrimp, Pasadena Freshwater 185 sillemi, Leucosticte 199 sinalis, Sorex 8 Shrimp, Peninsula Fairy 91 SILPHIDAE 99 sirxaloae, Progne 198 Shrimp, Riverside Fairy 91 Siltsnail, Crystal 115 Sinarapan 132 Shrimp, San Diego Fairy 91 Siltsnail, Enterprise 1 15 sinclairi, Carelia 189 Shrimp, Seed 97, 98 Siltsnail, Ichetucknee 115 sindonis. Hippocampus 81 Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave 95 Siltsnail, Ponderous 115 sinensis, Acipenser 70 Shrimp, Stone Mountain Fairy 91 Siltsnail, Pygmy 115 sinensis. Alligator 58 Shrimp, Syncarid 90 Siltsnail, Seminole 1 15 sinensis, Hylomys 136 Shrimp, Vernal Pool Fairy 91 Siltsnail, Wekiwa 115 sinensis, Ocadia 166 Shrimps, Syncarid 247 203 SILURIDAE 76, singularis, Nesopupa 216 Siacella 251 SILURIFORMES 75, 168, 183, 203, 243, singularis, Renea 1 3 siamensis, Crocodylus 58 247 singularis, Xenerpestes 155 siamensis, Oreoglanis 75 Siluris 203 sinica, Macaca 140 sibayi, Silhouettea 169 Silurus 76, 203 sinistrum, Beckianum 175 siberiae, Akodon 23 silus, Gambelia 60 Sinocyclocheilus 74 Sibia, Grey 159 silus, Rheobatrachus 67 Sinogastromyzon 75 sibirica, Phoca 140 silvanus, Zosterops 54 Sinployea 123,189,190,214 sibiricus, Formicoxenus 100 silvatica, Geoemyda 64 sinuatus, Skislodiaptomus IQl sibiricus, Ranodon 68 silvatica, Murina 138 Sinumelon 122 Sicalis 163 silveri, Glyptorhagada 122 sinuosa, Hirasea 214 sicarius, Myotis 12 Silverside, Key 168 sinus, Phocoena 18 sichuanensis, Dryomys 27 Silverside, Waccamaw 78 sipedon insularum, Nerodia 246 Sicista 23, 143, 197 Silverspot 253 SIPHLONURIDAE 99, 186, 250 sicki, Terenura 46 Silverspot. Behren's 253 Siphonaria 1 3 Sicklebill, Black 58 Silverspot, Blue 253 SIPHONARIIDAE 113 Sicklebill, Pale-billed 164 Silverspot, Callippe 253 Siphonorhis 43, 153 Sicydium 169 Silverspot, Great Basin 253 sipora, Hylopetes 22 Sicyopterus 207 Silverspot, Oregon 253 sipora, lomys 22 Sicyopus 87, 207 silvestrii, Strongylognathus 102 siporanus, Leopoldamys 24 sidamoensis, Heteromirafra 48 silvestris grampia, Felis 223 Siptornopsis 155 Sideband, Keeled 121 silvestris, Gallinula 36 siquijorensis, Ixos 48 Sideband, Rocky Coast 239 silvestris, Rhinolophus 137 Sirang 74 Sideband, Shasta 215 silvicola, Otus 153 sirang, Puntius 74 sidthimunki, Botia 74 silvicultor, Cephalophus 141 SIRENIA 19, 178,225 sieboldii, Treron 151 simatus, Batrachoseps 68 sirintarae, Pseudochelidon 48 siemiradzkii, Carduelis 56 simensis, Canis 16 sirtalis tetrataenia, Thamnophis 246 siemsseni, Latoucheornis 162 Simias 15 Siskin, Black-capped 163 sierrana, Tetrix 109 simile, Lucifuga 11 Siskin, Cape 163 Siettitia 185 similis, Engaewa 96 Siskin, Drakensberg 163 Sifaka, Diademed 14 similis, Troglohyphantes 88 Siskin, Red 56 Sifaka, Golden-crowned 14 simoni, Aneuretus 100 Siskin, Saffron 56 Sifaka, Verreaux's 14 simoniana, Moitessieria 244 Siskin, Yellow-faced 56 Sigmodon 27, 233, 242 simonyi, Gallotia 60 SISORIDAE 76 Sigmodontomys 11 Simoselaps 165 sissonii, Thryomanes 158 signata, Belontia 132 Simoxenops 45, 155 sisyphodemus, Eleutherodactylus 67 signata, Emydura 243 simplex, Betta 88 Sitala 215 signatus. Homopus 166 simplex, Branchinella 91 Sitatunga 141 signatus, Leptomys 24 simplex, Cristilabrum 122 Sitta 53, 161 signifer, Stypodon 183 simplex, Lovenula 92 SITTIDAE 53, 161 sijuensis, Schistura 75 simplex, Pyrgulopsis 111 situla, Elaphe 200 Sika, Hokkaido 227 simplex, Tropodiaptomus 92 sivalikensis, Burmagomphus 107 Sika, Mantchurian 227 Simpsonaias 133 sjoestedti, Papilio 171 Sika, North China 227 simpsoni, Gaurochromis 85 Skate, Deepsea 201 Sika, North Honshu 227 simpsonianus, Medionidus 1 1 SKENEIDAE 209 Sika, Ryukyu 227 Simpsoniconcha 255 sketi, Alona 90 Sika, Shansi 227 simrothi, Arion 213 sketi, Idunella 90 Sika, South China 227 simulator, Leiostyla 111 184 Sika, Taiwan 227 Skiffia Simulator 173 Sika, Tonkin 227 Skimmer, Indian 38

348 3 5 3 1

Skink, Banded Supple 200 94 Snai Mexipyrgus de Escobeda238 Skink, Bermuda Rock 60 sloatianus, Elliptoideus 110 Snai Mexipyrgus de Lugo 238 Skink, Blue Mountain Water 60 sloatianus, Nephronaias 255 Snai Mexipyrgus de West El Mojarral Skink, Cape Verde Giant 182 sloggetli, Otomys 144 238 Skink, Chevron 60 Sloth, Maned 5 Snai Mexithauma de Cienegas256 Skink, Dreeite Water 246 slovenica, Belgrandiella 1 1 Snai Miller's 115 Skink, Falla's 165 slovenica, Nitocrella 96 Snai Morongo Desert 174 Skink, Grand 60 slovenicus, Proasellus 97 Snai New Mexico Hotspring 21 Skink, Great Desert 60 Slug, Santa Barbara Shelled 21 Snai Nicklin's Peninsula 239 Skink, Gronovi's Dwarf Burrowing 165 smaragditis, Tinostoma 186 Snai Noonday 239 Skink, GUnther's Dwarf Burrowing61 smargadina. Helicostyla 121 Snai Nymphophilus de Minckley256 Skink, Gyldenstolpe's Worm 200 Smelt 204 Snai: Painted Snake-coiled Forest214 Skink, Kasner's Dwarf Burrowing 61 Smelt, Delta 76 Snai: Paludiscala de Oro 1 16 Skink, Kishinoue's Giant 165 Smelt. Pygmy 204 Snai: Pilsbry's Narrow-apertured Land Skink, Korat Supple 200 Smerina 253 215 Skink, Lancelin Island 60 Snai Plain Cactus Smi nlhopsis 3,4, 193.219 125 Skink, Legless 200 Snai Prickly Pear Island 125 sm. rnovi, Alona 90 Skink, Lomi's Blind Legless 61 Sna Pupuharakeke or Flax 121 sm. thi, Eualhlus 169 Skink, Lord Howe Island 61 Sna Rock 174 sm. thi, Kerivoula 138 Skink, Macabe Forest 246 Snai Ross' Land 216 sm, thi, Nemacheilus 74 Skink, MacGregor's 60 Sna: San Clemente Island215 sm, 'thi, Neoplanorbis 1 1 Skink, Marbled 243 Sna: San Nicolas Island 125 sm, thi, Siacella 251 Skink, Narrow-bodied 200 Sna: Santa Barbara Island 125 sm, thi, Thermosphaeroma 97 Skink, Otago 61 Sna: Sax Xavier Talus 174 sm, thi, Trochidrobia 117 Skink, Pedra Branca 60 Sna: Sculpin 116 sm, thiana, Bridouxiana 119 Skink, Robust 60 Sna: Snake River Physa 210 sm, thii, Myospalax 144 Skink, Round Island 60 Sna: Socorro 256 sm, 'thii, Geophaps 151 Skink, Sand 60 Sna: Spiny River 118 sm, thii, Stygobromus 90 Skink, Scree 61 Sna: Stock Island Tree 215 sm. ''nii, Terpsiphone Skink, Small-scaled 61 53 Snai Strange Many-whorled Land 175 Snail Anchialine Pool Skink, Southern 243 209 Snai Thousand Palms Desert 125 River Skink, Speckled 165 Snail Anthony's 188 Snai Travers' Land 216 Snail Archer's Toothed 215 Skink, Striped 61 Land Snai Trinity Bristle 121 Snail Badwater 114 Skink, Three-toed Snake-tooth 165 Sna Virginia Fringed Mountain215 Snail Desert 239 Skink, Tonga Ground 182 Baker Snai Western Three-toothed Land215 Cactus Skink, Whitaker's 60 Snail Bicolor 125 Sna White Desrt 125 Snail Boulder 118 Skink, Woodbush Legless 60 Sna Whorled Mountain 126 Snail Boulder Pile Mountain 126 Skipper, Dakota 102 Snai Woodformed Land 216 Snail Carinated Striate Banded Mountain Skipper, Eight-Spotted 208 Snai Wreathed Cactus 125 239 Skipper, Manfreda Giant 252 Snai -eater, Iwasaki's 200 Snail Catalina Mountain 126 Skipper, Pawnee Montane 252 Snake, Amami Takachiho 61 Snail Cathedral Desert 239 Skipper, Rare 252 Snake, Atlantic Saltmarsh 246 Snail, Chittenango Ovate Amber217 Skipper, Salt Marsh 252 Snake, Black-striped 165 Snail, Clench's Middle-toothed Landl75 Skipper, Spinose 252 Snake, Broad-headed 62 Snail, Coahuilix de Hubbs 1 15 Skipper, Tessellated 252 Snake, Christmas Island Blind 62 Snail, Dented Peninsula 239 Skipper, Wandering 170, 252 Snake, Concho Water 246 Snail, Durangonella de Coahuila 1 16 Skistodiaptomus 92, 207 Snake, Dunmall's 62 Snail, Rat-spired Three-toothed215 Skulpin 77 Snake, Eastern Indigo 246 Snail. Hax 126 Skunk, Big Thicket Hog-nosed 224 Snake, Fiji 62 Snail, Franklin Mountain Talus 174 sladeniae, Apus 198 Snake, Fisk's House 61 Snail, Franklin Mountain Woodland 175 Sleeper, Broadhead 169 Snake, Giant Garter 61 Snail, Gillies' Land 216 Sleeper, Duckbill 169 Snake, Indian Egg-eating 200 Snail, Granulated Tasmanian 123 Sleeper, Golden 169 Snake, Kikuzato's Brook61 Snail Hochstetter's Land 216 Snake, Krefft's Tiger 234 sleighti, Belocephalus 109 Snail Idaho Banded Mountain 239 Snake. Lake Cronin 62 slevini, Peromyscus 26 Snail Indian Yosemite 239 Snake, Lake Erie Water 246 Slider, Big Bend 64 Snail Iowa Pleistocene 214 Snake, Large-headed Water 61 Slider, Carvalho's 64 Snail Jackson Lake 256 Snake, Leonard's Pipe 200 Slider, Central Antillean 166 Snail Jones' Middle-toothed Land215 Snake, Leopard 200 Slider, Colombian 246 Snail Kanab Amber 128 Snake, Mona Blind 62 Slider, Common 166 Snail Kauri 175 Snake, Ornamental 62 Slider, Hispaniolan 64 Snail Lava Rock Mountain 126 Snake, Pfeffer's Reed 200 Slider, Jamaican 64 Snail Magazine Mountam Middle-toothed Snake, Sakashima Green 165 Slitshell, Excised 117 215 Snake, San Francisco Garter 246 Slitshell, Pagoda 1 17 Snail McCoy Desert 239 Snake, Sardinian Grass 234 Slitshell, Pyramid 118 Snail Mexipyrgus de Churince238 Snake, Short-nosed 165 Slitshell, Ribbed 117 Snail Mcxipyrgus de Carranza238 Snake, Striped Harlequin 165 Slitshell, Round 118 Snail Mexipyrgus de East El Mojarral Snake, Swazi Rock 165 Slitshell, Striate 117 238 Snake, Transvaal Quillsnout200 sloanii, Orconectes

I 349 Snake, Two-striped Garter 200 solomonis, Chaerephon 139 ip., Anaspides 247 Snake, Yellow-bellied House 165 Solomys 27, 145 ip., Antechinus 193 Snake-eagle, Southern Banded 148 soluta, Wrayanna 210 ip., Capromys 178

Snake-lizard, Bronzeback60 Somateria 32 ,rp., Catostomus 246 Snapper, Cubera 84 Somatochlora 106, 171 ip., Ciconia 179 Snapper, Mutton 84 Somatogyrus 211,212 ip., Cyprinella 246 snelli, Thapsia 124 Somersiella 95 ip., Cyprinodon 183

snelsoni, Lythrurus 72 somuncurensis, Somuncuria 67 jp., Deinacrida 254 Snipe, Chatham Islands 37 Somuncuria 67 jp., Elassoma 247 Snipe, Fuegian 150 sondaicus annamiticus. Rhinoceros 225 ip., Etheostoma 247 Snipe, Great 150 sondaicus sondaicus, Rhinoceros 225 ip., fa/co 179 Snipe, Imperial 150 sondaicus, Rhinoceros 19 5p., Foudia 182 Snipe, Latham's 150 sonneratii. Callus 149 jp., Geocapromys 178 Snipe, New Zealand 150 Sonorella 174 jp., Hemiandrus 254 Snipe, Wood 37 Sonorense, Charalito 72 jp., Hypsipetes 181 snowi, Myrmolherula 46 sonoriense, Kinostemon 64 ip., Ictalurus 247 Snuffbox'255 SOOGLOSSIDAE 68 ip., Moxostoma 246 snyderae, Tilapia 86 Sooglossus 68 ip., Nesophontes 177 snyderi, Catostomus 168 Sooty-owl, Lesser 152 ip., Nothobranchius 79 sociabilis, Ctenomys 145 sordida, Eumyias 158 ip., Nycticorax 179 socialis, Pluvianellus 150 sordidus, Rattus 145 jp., Oeobia 186 societatis, Pipistrellus 194 sorenseni, Hipposideros 136 ip., Oncorhynchus I'il socotrana, Emberiza 55 sorex, Monodelphis 3 sp., Pristoceuthophilus 254 socotrensis, Ceratophallus 113 5orejr 7, 8, 136, 193 ip., Pseudobagrus 247 sodalis, Myotis 12 sorghophilus, Acrocephalus 49 jp., Pseudogobiopsis 247 sodyi, Kadarsanomys 143 SORICIDAE 6, 136, 193, 241 5p., Ptchochromoides 86 soemmerringii, Gazella 21 soricipes, Uropsilus 8 5p., Pterodroma 179 soemmerringii, Syrmaticus 149 Soriculus 8 ip., Pungitius 247 Softshell, Burmese Peacock 66 ioror, Odynerus 251 ip., Sauzieri 181 Softshell, Cantor's Giant 66 fi'rfa iorar, 157 ,tp., Scortum 247 Softshell, Cuatro Cienegas65 sororcula, Penescosta 123 jp., Styloniscus 247 Softtail, Orinoco 45 sororcula, Tyto 198 ,sp., Tandanus 247 Softtail, Russet-mantled 155 Sosippus 88 Softtail, Striated 45 ip., Typhliasiruj 247 Sotalia 196 sokokensis, Anthus 48 sp., Vireo 56 soulaiana, Ampelita 1 20 sola, Pyrgulopsis 211 jp./, Womersleymeria 250 souliei, Actinodura 158 solandri, Pterodroma 30 jp.2, Womersleymeria 250 soumagnei, Tyto 42 Spadebill, solangiae, Sitta 53 Russet-winged 47 Sousa 196 Solaris, Diree 252 spadiceus, Dyacopterus 136 Souslik, Spotted 22 Solatopupa 174,245 spadix, Cephalophus 21 sowerbyana, Achatinella 120 spadix, solatus, Cercopithecus 15 Dendrolagus 193 ip. /, Coregonus 247 Solegnathus 82 spalacinus, Tachyoryctes 145 i/7. 7, Elseya 62 Solenodon, Cuban 5 Spa/ijjc 27 ip. /, Gasterosteus 247 Solenodon, Haitian 5 spaldingi, Achatinella 188 i'p. 7, Glossogobius 247 Solenodon 5, 177 spaldingi, Lyropupa 216 ^p. /, Mogumda 247 SOLENODONTIDAE 5, 177 spaldingi, Ougapia 216 ip. /, Neosilurus 247 solenopsidis, Solenopsis 101 spana, Epargyreus 252 /O, Glossogobius Solenopsis 101 jp. 247 spangleri, Hydroporus 248 jp. 2, Coregonus 247 solidus, Lanistes 1 14 Spanglerogyrus 249 Soliperla 254 ip. 2, fteya 200 Spaniacris 133 Solisorex 1 5p. 2, Gasterosteus lAl SPARIDAE 84, 132 Solitaire, Cuban 159 sp. 2, Glossogobius 247 spama, Lyropupa 216 Solitaire, Reunion 180 ip. 2, Mogumda 247 Sparrow, Cinnamon-tailed 162 Solitaire, Rodrigues 180 ip. 2, Neosilurus 247 Sparrow, Cuban 55 Solitaire, Rufous-brown 158 ip. J, Elseya 200 Sparrow, Henslow's 162 solitaria, Argiocnemis 106 jp. J, Glossogobius 247 Sparrow, Java 57 solitaria, Origma 159 jp. i, Mogumda lAl Sparrow, Oaxaca 162 solitaria, Pezophaps 180 sp. 3, Neosilurus 247 Sparrow, Sierra Madre 55 solitaria, Samoana 127 ip. 4, Glossogobius 247 Sparrow, Timor 163 solitarius, Atelognathus 66 ip. 4, Mogurnda 247 Sparrow, Worthen's 55 solitarius, Buteo 148 ip. 5, Glossogobius 247 Sparrowhawk, Imitator 33 Sparrowhawk, Madagascar 148 solitarius, Harpyhaliaetus 148 ip. 5, Mogumda 247 Sparrowhawk, Britain solitarius, Raphus 180 ip. 6, Glossogobius 247 New 32 Sparrowhawk, Nicobar 147 solitarius, Relictus 74 jp. 6, Mogumda 247 Sparrowhawk, Slaty-mantled 148 solitarius, Tinamus 146 jp. 7, Glossogobius 247 Sparrowhawk, Small 148 solitudum, Cristilabrum 122 ip. S, Glossogobius 247 sparsa, Quadrula 112 solomonensis, Nesasio 42 ip. 9, Glossogobius 247 spartacus, ip., Acanthanura 250 Dasyurus 3

350 3 1

spartiaticus, Tropidophoxinellus 203 Sphaerophysa 75 Spinetail, Red-shouldered 45 Spartonoica 155 Sphaerospira 174 Spinetail, Russet-bellied 45 spathula, Polyodon 70 sphagnicolus, Niphargus 90 Spinetail, Rusty-headed 155 spatulatus, Clinus 87 Sphalloplana 256 spinicaudatus, Engaeus 96 spatulatus, Oncholelson 97 Spharagemon 108 spinifer, Austrosaga 109 Spatuletail, Marvellous 43 SPHECIDAE 170,251 spinifera, Acanthinula 217 spechli, Melomys 25 Sphecotheres 199 spinifera, Paralucia 103 speciosa bohartorum, Philotiella 252 SPHENISCIDAE 29, 146 spinipennis, Hadramphus 248 speciosa, Gambusia 205 SPHENISCIFORMES 29, 146 spinipes, Troglohyphantes 88 speciosa, Geothlypis 56 Spheniscus 29, 146 spinipinnis, Phocoena 196 speciosa, Pila 114 Sphenocichla 160 spinosa, Elliptio 110 speciosa, Stachyris 52 Sphenodon 58, 243 spinosa, Eoleptestheria 92 speciosus, Cambarus 93 SPHENODONTIDAE 58, 243 spinosa, Heosemys 64 speciosus, Pteropus 9 Spheterista 254 spinosissima, Monolistra 97 spectabilis, Liomys 142 Sphiggurus 28, 178 spinosissimus. Hippocampus 81 spectabilis, Reithrodontomys 27 SPHINGIDAE 105, 186, 208, 254 spinosissimus, Solegnathus 82 spectaculum, Cristilabrum 173 sphinx, Mandrillus 140 spinosus, Chalepoxenus 100 spectrum, Osmerus 204 sphyurus, Underwoodisaurus 165 spinosus, Pseudocordylus 165 spectrum, Tarsius 194 spicatus, Cambarus 93 Spinymussel, Altamaha 1 10 spectrum, Vampyrum 137 spicilegus, Mus 144 Spinymussel, James River 111 specularis. Anas 147 spiculosa, Ceratella 250 Spinymussel, Tar River 1 10 speculigera, Conothraupis 162 Spider, Dolloff Cave 88 spiralis, Pseudonovibos 22 Speirops, Fernando Po 53 Spider, Glacier Bay Wolf 88 spirizona, Amastra 121 Speirops, Mount Cameroon 53 Spider, Great Raft 88 Spirorbula 125, 174 Speirops, Principe 53 Spider, Kauai Cave Wolf 88 spirulina, Disculella 124 Speirops 53 Spider, Key Gnaphosid 207 ipuc»', Acanthochelys 165 spekei, Gazella 21 Spider, Kocevje Subterranean 88 spixii, Cyanopsitia 40 spekeoides, Ploceus 164 Spider, Lake Placid Funnel Wolf 88 5/)iza 182 Spider, Nelson Cave 207 SpeJtia 119 Spizaetus 33, 148 Spider, Rosemary Wolf 207 spekii, Harpagochromis 184 Spizastur 148 Spider, Tooth Cave 207 spekii, Tragelaphus 141 Spizella 55 Spider, Torreya Trap-door 207 spelaea, Amblyopsis 77 Spizocorys 48, 157 Spiderhunter, Naked-faced 161 spelaea, Cryptazeca 123 splendens, Ameca 1 84 Spike, Cape Fear 255 Spelaeodiaptomus 207 splendens, Aphanius 79 Spike, False 112 Spelaeodiscus 128 splendens, Buprestis 98 Spike, Flat 255 Spelaeoecia 96 splendens, Cynolebias 79 Spike, Waccamaw 255 Spelaeomys 178 splerutens, Macromia 106 Spike, Winged 110 spelaeonis, Neophaedusa 214 splendens, Prosopeia 152 Spikedace 72 160 splendens, Suavocallia 119 Spelaeomis 52, spilocephalus stresemanni, Otus 246 spelaeotes, Lucifuga 11 splendida, Lampsilis 172 Spilocuscus 4, 193, 241 spelaeus, Platymantis 67 splendida, Neophema 41 spilonotus, Laterallus 149 spelaeus, Speleoperipatus 109 splendida, Partulina 121 spiloptera, Porzana 36 spelaeus, Typhlotriton 201 splendidus, Sanopus 78 spiloptera, Saroglossa 164 Spelaseorchestia 90 Splittail, Clear Lake 183 spiloptera, Zoothera 161 Speleoithona 92 Splittail, Sacramento 73 spilopterus, Centropus 152 SPELEOITHONIDAE 92 spodiurus, Oryzomys 197 Spilomis 148, 198 Speleomantes 167 spodiurus, Pachyramphus 156 68, spilota imbricata, Morelia 234 Speleoperipatus 109 spoeckeri, Niphargus 90 spilota, Mogumda 87 Speleophria 97 Spongillafly, Cooke's 254 spilota, Tasmanoplegas 255 Spongillafly, Haleakala254 speleops, Puntius 74 spilotogena, Betta 88 Spongillafly, Lobe-wing 254 spelunca, Physella 1 1 122 spina, Damochlora Spongillafly, Swezey's 254 speluncola, Bermudamysis 97 spinachoides, Microphis 205 Spongillafly, Usinger's254 Spelungula 201 spinalatus, Rousettus 10 spongotroktis, Tilapia 86 spenceri, Bothriembryon 121 spinata, Rhyacophila 255 Spoonbill, Black-faced 31 spenceri, Litoria 66 spinatus, Stygobromus 90 sporadica, Orangia 123 spenceri, Opisthotropis 200 Spindasis 252 Sporophila 55, 163 Speocirolana 97 Spinedace, Little Colorado 72 Spratellicypris 74 Speoplatyrhinus 11 Pahranagat 183 Spinedace, spratli, Trochoidea 256 Speothos 16 Spinedace, Virgin 246 Springbok 130 Spermophilus 22, 142, 197, 231 River 72 Spinedace, White Springfish, Railroad Valley 79 Speyeria 253 Spinetail, Apurimac 45 Springfish, White River 79 Speyeria 253 Spinetail, Blackish-headed 45 Springsnail, Alamosa 212 SPHAERIDAE 173 Spinetail, Chestnut-throated 155 Springsnail, Brown 21 Sphaerodactylus 59 Spinetail, Coiba 155 Springsnail, Bruneau Hot 211 248 Sphaeroderus Spinetail, Great 155 Springsnail, Bylas 256 Sphaerolana 97 Spinetail, Hoary-throated 45 Springsnail, Chupadera211 SPHAEROMATIDAE 97, 185, 237, 244 Spinetail, Plain 45

351 1 11 1 1 1 1 111 11 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 1

Springsnail, Crystal Spring 211 Squirrel, Red 142 steinbachi, Sarotherodon 86 Springsnail, Davis County 21 Squirrel, Russian Flying 142 steindachneri, Barbus 71 Springsnail, Diamond Y212 Squirrel, San Bernardino Flying 230 steindachneri, Cichlasoma 85 Springsnail, DIstai-giand211 Squirrel, Sherman's Fox 23 steindachneri, Palea 166 Springsnail, Elongate-gland211 Squirrel, Shumagin Ground 231 steindachneri, Picumnus 155 Springsnail, Fairbanks 21 Squirrel, Southern Idaho Ground231 steinstansana, Elliptio 1 1 Springsnail, Fossil 21 Squirrel, St. Lawrence Island Ground 23 stejnegeri malonei, Trachemys 246 Springsnail, Gila 211 Squirrel, Townsend's Ground 197 stejnegeri, Hynobius 201 Springsnail, Grand Wash 21 Squirrel, Virginia Flying 230 stejnegeri, Mesoplodon 196 Springsnail, Huachuca 21 Squirrel, Washington Ground 22 stejnegeri, Trachemys 166 Springsnail, Idaho 21 Srilankamys 145 stejnegeri, Viridonia 56 Springsnail. Jackson Lake 21 stabilei, Retinella 217 stellata, Brachypteryx 158 Springsnail, Kingman 21 Stachyris 52, 160 stellatus , Acipenser 235 Springsnail, Median-gland Nevada211 stacyi, Zelotypia 252 steliatus, Acipenser 70 Springsnail, Montezuma Well 21 Stagnicola 1 1 stelleri, Polysticta 32 Springsnail, Oasis Valley 21 Stagonopleura 163 stellmacki, Stygobromus 90 Springsnail, Pecos 211 stairi, Callicolumba 151 Stenasellid, Parzefall's97 Springsnail, Presidio County 211 stalkeri, Myotis 12 Stenasellid, Wilken's97 Springsnail, Roswell 21 Stallingsia 252 STENASELLIDAE 97 Springsnail, San Bernadino211 stamineus, Awaous 206 Stenella 129, 196 Springsnail, Three Forks 21 stanauli, 75 Noturus Stenelmis 99, 249 Springsnail, Verde Rim 21 Standardwing 164 Steno 196 Sprite, Shoal 113 standingi, Phelsuma 59 Springsnail, Page 21 Stenobothrodes 108 Stanleya 119 stenocephala, spurca, Pseudocampylaea 190 Crocidura 1 slannardi, Orconecles 94 squalida, Spirorbula 174 Stenocephaiemys 145 stannarius, Aethomys 143 SQUALIDAE 69 Stenoderma 1 stapes, Quadrula 1 1 SQUALIFORMES 69 Stenodus 204, 236 starki, Atabamaubria 249 squamata, Poblana 78 Stenomys 27 starki, Taeniopteryx 254 squamalus. Capita 154 STENO'PELMATIDAE 108, 133, 209, Starling, Abbott's 57 squamatus, Mergus 32 254 Starling, Bali 57 Stenopelmatus sqimmicaudata, Wyulda 135 109, 133 Starling, Black-winged 164 squamigenus, Chlamydogobius 87 STENOPSYCHIDAE 255 Starling, Chestnut-cheeked 164 Stenopsychodes 255 squamiger, Neomorphus 152 Starling, Kosrae Mountain 182 stenopus, squamigera, Brachypteracias 44 Niphargus 90 Starling, Mysterious 182 squamosa, Tridacna stenotis, Hipposideros 137 133 Starling, Pohnpei Mountains? squamulosa, Stenotrema 215, 239 Baccalena 173 Starling, Rarotonga 57 Squawfish, Colorado Stenotrupis 248 73 Starling, Red-billed 164 stephani, Heterelmis 249 Squirre , African Pygmy 22 Starling, Rennell 164 Squirre stephani, Peromyscus 26 , Big Cypress Fox 230 Starling. Reunion 182 Squirre stephanidisi, Cobitis 203 , Big Horn Thirteen-lined Ground Starling, Rodrigues 182 231 stephenensis, Anagotus 248 Starling, Rusty-winged 164

Squirre , Carolina Flying 230 stepheni, Poecilmitis 103 Starling, Santo Mountain 57

Squirre , Carruther's Mountain22 stepheni, Thestor 104 Starling, Socotra 57

Squirre , Dangs Giant 245 stepheni, Vini 42 Starling, Spot-winged 164

Squirre , Delmarva Fox 231 stephensi, Starling, Tanimbar 164 Dipodomys 131

Squirre , Eastern Fox 231 Starling, Tasman 182 stephensi, Hoplodactylus 59

Squirre , European 22 Starling. White-eyed 57 Stereolepis 82

Squirre , Flightless Scaly-tailed 145 Starling, White-faced 164 Sterkia 175

Squirre , Green River Basin Starling, White-headed 164 Sterlet 70, 235 Golden mantled Ground 231 Starling, Yellow-eyed 164 Sterna 38, 150 Squirre , Guerrero Hying 245 stemalis, Engaeus 96 starmuehlneri, Afrogyrus 1 1

Squirre , Idaho Ground 22 Stamoenas 39 Stemotherus 64

Squirre , Kodiak Ground 231 starostini, Troglocobitis 203 sterreri, Platyops 97 Squirre , Maharashtra Giant245 Staurotypus 166 sterreri, Somersiella 95 Squirre , Mexican Flying 245 Steamerduck, Chubut 147 sterrhopteron, Welmorethraupis 55 Squirre , Mohave Ground 22 Steatomys 27, 145 stewardsoni, Dysnomia 187 Squirre , Mount Graham Red 231 stebbinsi, Batrachoseps 68 stewardsonii, Epioblasma 1 1 Squirrel , Mountain 142 Steenbras, White 132 stewartii, Achatinella 120 Squirrel , Nelson's Antelope 22 steerii, Centropus 42 sthenele sthenele, Cercyonis 253 Squirrel , Nevada Ground 231 steera, Eurylaimus 45 sthennyo, Erebia 253 Squirrel . Norhern Idaho Ground 231 steerii, Pitta 47 Stick-insect, Lord Howe Island 187 Squirrel , Oaxaca Flying 245 steerii, Sundasciurus 142 Stickleback, Unarmored Threespine247 Squirrel , Palm Springs Round-tailed Stickleback, Enos 247 Ground 231 stegaria, Cyprogenia 110 Stegastes 86 Stickleback, Giant 247 Squirrel , Persian 142 steigmani, Stickleback, Santa Ana 247 Squirrel , Prince of Wales Island Flying Procambarus 95 230 steinbachi, Asthenes 45 stictolophus, Lophomis 153 sleinbachi, Parides 208 Stictonetta 32

352 1

stictoptera, Touit 41 streckeri illinoensis, Pseudacris 246 stuhlmanni, Tropodiaptomus 92 stictothorax, Dysithamnus 155 streckeri, Lampsilis 1 1 stumperi, Epimyrma 100 stierlingi, Dendropicos 154 streeli, Talpa 8 Stupidogobius 87 stilbocarpae, Hadramphus 248 strengi, Somatogyrus 212 Sturanyella 209 Stilt, Black 37 strenua, Ninox 42 sturdeei, PipLslrellus 13 stimpsoni, Sicydium 169 strenuus, Zosterops 181 Sturgeon, Adriatic 70 Stingray, Giant Freshwater 70 strepsiceros, Tragelaphus 131 Sturgeon, Alabama 70 Stiobia 116 STREPTAXIDAE 128, 175, 191,216, Sturgeon, Amur 70 stiparum, Helicella 126 239, 245 Sturgeon, Atlantic 167, 235 Stiphodon 87 STREPTOCEPHALIDAE 91, 207 Sturgeon, Baikal 235 Stipiturus 132 Streptocephalus 91, 207 Sturgeon, Chinese 70 Stirrupshell 112 Streptocitta 164 Sturgeon, Common 70 Stitchbird 54 Streptopelia 151 Sturgeon, Green 70 stiversiana miwoka, Helminthoglypta Streptostyla 215 Sturgeon, Gulf 235 239 stresemanni, Graphium 105 Sturgeon, Lake 70 stiversiana williamsi, Helminthoglypta stresemanni, Merulaxis 46 Sturgeon, Large Amu-Dar Shovelnose70 239 stresemanni, Zaratornis 47 Sturgeon, Lena River 235 stizodon, Sorex 8 stresemanni, Zavattariornis 58 Sturgeon, Pallid 70 Stizostedion 206 striata, Coxiella 256 Sturgeon, Persian 70, 235 Sturgeon, Russian 70, 235 stochi, Nitocrella 96 striata, Paratherina 78 Sturgeon, Sakhalin 70 stocki, Argonemertes 217 striata, Stachyris 52 Sturgeon, Ship 70, 235 stoddartii, Quintalia 190 striata, Vitrea 217 Sturgeon, Shortnose 70 stokesii aethiops, Egernia 234 striatapila, Omphalotropis 210 Sturgeon, Shovelnose 70 stokesii badia, Egernia 234 striaticostus, Gonospira 128 Sturgeon, Siberian 70, 235 stokoei, Colophon 99 striatitala, Helicella 174 Sturgeon, Small Amu-Dar Shovelnose70 stolli, Adelopoma 114 striatula, Japonia 210 Sturgeon, Stellate 70, 235 Stomatepia 86 striatula, Lyropupa 216 Sturgeon, Syr-Dar Shovelnose 70 Stonefly, Cheaha 254 striatulum, Etheostoma 83 Sturgeon, White 167, 236 Stonefly, Fender's 254 striatum, Oligosoma 61 Sturgeon, Yangtze 70 Stonefly, Georgia 254 striatus fosteri, Epicrates 246 sturio, Acipenser 70 Stonefly, Hanson's Appalachian254 striatus, Chaetornis 50 Sturnella 56 Stonefly, Lake Tahoe Benthic 254 striatus, Epinephelus 83 STURNIDAE 57, 164, 182 Stonefly, River 254 Leon striatus, Simoxenops 45 Stumira 11, 137 254 Stonefly, Meltwater Callinago 150 stricklandii. Sturnus 164 Stonefly, Mount Donna Buang Wingless strigata kororensis, Palaina 256 109 stygia, Lxinchura 163 strigata, Palaina 211 Stonefly, Mount Kosciusko Wingless 109 Stygichthys 203 STRIGIDAE 42, 152, 181, 198, 245 Stonefly, Otway 209 Stygicola 77 strigidorsa, Mustela 17 Stonefly, Robert's 187 Stygionympha 253 STRIGIFORMES 42, 152, 181, 198, 245 Stonefly, Schoolhouse Springs 254 stygius dentatus, Androniscus 237 strigirostris, Didunculus 38 Stonefly, Wahkeena Falls Flightless254 stygius stygius, Niphargus 237 Strigocuscus 193 Stonemyia 185 Stygobromus 89, 90, 185 Strigops 181 storeri, Cypseloides 198 Stygodiaptomus 92 slrigosa goniogyra, Oreohelix 239 Stork, Milky 31 Styloctenium 136 strigosa, Elimia 117 Stork, Oriental 31 stylodon, Erepta 125 strigosus, Cambarus 93 Stork, Painted 147 Stylogomphus 238 striolata, Palaina 211 Stork, Storm's 31 STYLOMMATOPHORA 120, 133, 173, Striped-babbler, Luzon 52 Storm-petrel, Ashy 146 188,213,238,244,256 Striped-babbler, Negros52 Storm-petrel, Guadalupe 30 STYLONISCIDAE 247 Striped-babbler, Palawan 52 Storm-petrel, Markham's 198 Styloniscus 247 Striped-babbler, Panay 52 Storm-petrel, Matsudaira's 198 Stylurus 107 5m.i 42, 153 Storm-petrel, Ringed 197 stymphalicus, Pseudophoxinus 168 strobila, Pachysaga 109 Storm-petrel, Swinhoe's 146 Stypodon 183 strodeanum, Pleuroberrm 112 Storm-petrel, Tristram's 146 styriaca, Belgrandiella 115 stromatolicola, Leptocaris 96 Storm-petrel, Wedge-rumped 146 Styx 252 212 Storm-petrel, White-vented 197 STROMBIDAE Suavocallia 119 Strongylognathus 102 stormi, Ciconia 31 subalaris, Macroagelaius 163 Strophitus 172 stormi, Plethodon 68 subangulata, Lampsilis 255 strophium, Odontophorus 35 Stormsia 119 subarcuata, Bofilliella 123 STROPHOCHEILIDAE 128 straeleni, Bathanalia 1 19 subaspera, Rana 68 strumicae, Cobitis 203 straminea claibomensis, Lampsilis 238 subbadius, Rhinolophus 194 Strumigenys 102 straminea straminea, Lampsilis 238 subcalliferus, Caseolus 124 STRUTHIONIFORMES 179 straminea, Palaua 215 subcavemula, Libera 189 strutti, Thestor 104 strauchi, Neurergus 201 subcentralis, Nesopupa 216 Strymon 252 strawni, Fallicambarus 94 subcrislatus, Conotophus 59 Strymon 103 strebeliana, Leptinaria 175 subcylindrica, Cryptazeca 123 Stubtail, Timor 161 Streber 84 subcylindrica, Lamellidea 213 stuhlmanni, Lanistes 1 14 streber, Zingel 84

353 1 1

subdetecta, Harmogenanina 190 Sucker, White River 246 Suncus 8, 193 subequalum, Thermosphaeroma 244 Sucker, Yaqui 75 Sundamys 11 subflavus, Epicrates 61 Sucker, Zuni Bluehead 246 Sundasciurus 22, 142 subgulturosa marica, Gazella 228 Suckermouth, Incomati 76 Sundoreonectes 75 subgulturosa, Gazella 141 Suckermouth, Lowveld 243 Sunfish, Bluebarred Pygmy 83 subhyalina addha, Gulella 240 sudetica, Erebia 253 Sunfish, Carolina Pygmy 169 sublaevis, Canthocamptus 96 Sudisorex 8 Sunfish, Spring Pygmy 247 sublaevis, Harpagoxenus 100 suenoae, Mandarina 214 Suni 131 sublevala, Semotrachia 174 suevica, Vallonia 111 superba. Pitta 47 sublineata, Notopala 120 Sugarspoon 187 superbum, Spharagemon 108 submaritima, Omphalotropis 210 SUIDAE 20, 141, 178, 226 superbus, Chalinolobus 12 submissus, Helicarion 256 sukatschewi, Garrulax 50 supercitiaris, Polysticlus 156 subnecata, Draparnaudia 124 sula, Coracina 242 superciliaris, Xiphirhynchus 161 subniger, Pteropus 177 sulcata, Geochelone 65 superciliosa, Ophrysia 35 Suboestophora 126. 175 sulcata, Nesosydne 251 superficialis, Ataenius 250 subpersonatus, Ploceus 57 sulcata, Newcombia 121 superflua, Rhipidura 160 sulcatus, Gonidomus 128 subplana, Lexingtonia 1 1 supramontes, Speleomantes 167 subplicala, Idiomela 125 sulcidens, Carterodon 145 surda, Touit 41 subplicatus, Chilonopsis 192 sulewattan, Parantica 104 sureyanus, Aphanius 79 subrostrata, Amastra 189 sulfusus, Nysius 251 Surprise, Schneider's 105 subrotunda, Fusconaia 172 SULIDAE 30, 146 surrrufus, Stiphodon 87 subrotunda, Obovaria 172 sulphuraria, Poecilia 80 Sus 20, 141, 178,226 subrubra, Ficedula 50 sulphurata, Emberiza 55 susiana, Crocidura 1 subruficollis, Aceros 44 sulphurea, Cacatua 40 suslicus, Spermophilus 11 sulphurius, Hydroporus 248 subrufus, Rhinolophus 1 suspectum, Heloderma 59 subsimilis, Epigomphus 107 sumatraensis maritimus, Capricornis suteri, Omphalotropis 210 228 subsoror, Amastra 1 89 suteri, Peripatoides 109 sumatraensis subspinosus, Chaetomys 28 milneedwardsii, sutilosa, Cupedora 173 Capricornis 228 subtecta, Petasina 215 suttkusi, Scaphirhynchus 70 sumatraensis rubidus, Capricornis 228 subtentum, Ptychobranchus 172 suturalis strigosa, Partula 239 sumatraensis sumatraensis, sublerranea, Lucifuga 11 suturalis vexillum, Partula 239 Capricornis 228 subterraneus, Cambarus 93 suturalis, Omphalotropis 210 sumatraensis thar, Capricornis 228 subterraneus, Typhlichthys 11 suturalis, Partula 239 sumatraensis, Capricornis 21 subtila, Westraltrachia ill svallize, Leuciscus 11 sumatrana, Ardea \A1 subtilis, Mautodontha 189 svetovidovi, Salvethymus 11 sumatrana, Chimarrogale 6 subtilis, Picumnus 155 swainson, Euploea 171 sumatrana, Lutra 17 subtilis, Sicista 143 swainsoni, Onychorhynchus 47 sumatranus, Dicrurus 164 subtilis, Sphalloplana 256 swainsonii insulanus, Antechinus 219 sumatrensis harrissoni, Dicerorhinus subtilis, Stygobromus 90 swainsonii, Polytelis 41 225 subtruncatus, Chilonopsis 192 swalesi, Turdus 53 sumatrensis lasiotis. Dicerorhinus 225 subulata, Urosphena 161 Swallow, Bahama 157 sumatrensis sumatrensis, Dicerorhinus Subulina 1\1 Swallow. Blue 48 225 SUBULINIDAE 128, 175, 191, 217, 240 Swallow. Golden 157 sumatrensis, Dicerorhinus 19 Subuliniscus 128 Swallow, Red Sea 48 sumbae, Hipposideros 137 subvexus. Strophitus 172 Swallow, White-tailed 48 sumichrasti, Aimophila 162 subviridis, Lasmigona 111 Swallowtail, African Giant 208 sumichrasti, Bassariscus 140 Succinea 128, 175,217 Swallowtail, Chinese Three-tailed 244 sumichrasti, Hylorchilus 49 SUCCINEIDAE 128,175,217 Swallowtail, Corsican 105 sumnerensis, Cygnus 179 succinoides, Bulinus 113 Swallowtail, Cream-banded 105 Sunangel, Bogota 43 ™cc«M, Fusconaia 172 Swallowtail, Fluminense 105 Sunangel, Royal 43 Sucker, Blackfin 243 Swallowtail, Hahnel's Amazonian 208 Sunbeam, Purple-backed 43 Sucker, Blue 168 Swallowtail, Harris' Mimic 253 Sunbird, A.mani 53 Sucker, Goose Lake 246 Swallowtail, Homerus 105 Sunbird, Apo 161 Sucker, Harelip 183 Swallowtail, Jordan's 105 Sunbird, Apricot-breasted 242 Sucker, Jasper Longnose 246 Swallowtail, Kilimanjaro 171 Sunbird, Banded 53 Sucker, Jenny Creek 246 Swallowtail, Ludlow's Bhutan 105 Sunbird. Elegant 53 Sucker, June 246 Swallowtail, Madagascan Emperor208 Sunbird, Giant 53 Sucker, Klamath largescale 168 Swallowtail, Mansfield's Three-tailed208 Sunbird, Loveridge's 161 Sucker, Lost River 75 Swallowtail, Poey's Black 208 Sunbird. Moreau's 161 Sucker, Modoc 75 Swallowtail, Scarce Haitian 208 Sunbird. Neergaard's 161 Sucker, Razorback 75 Swallowtail, Schaus' 253 Sunbird, Pemba 161 Sucker, Rustyside 168 Swallowtail, Yellow Kite 105 Sunbird, Plain-backed 161 Sucker, Salish 246 Swallowtail, Zetides 105 Sunbird, Prigogine's Double-collared242 Sucker, Santa Ana 75 Swamp-warbler, Grauer's 50 Sunbird, Rockefeller's 53 Sucker, Shortnose 75 Swamphen, Lord Howe 180 Sunbird, Rufous-winged 53 Sucker, Snake River 183 Swan, Chatham Island 179 Sunbird, Ursula's 161 Sucker, Warner 75 Swan, Trumpeter 147 suncoides, Ruwenzorisorex 1 swanepoeli, Lepidochrysops 103

354 8 1

swanepoeli, Poecilmitis 103 syriaca, Calopteryx 106 Takifugu 207 swanepoeli. Thestor 104 syrichta, Tarsius 129 Takin 21 swarlhi, Nesoryzomys 178 Syrichtus 252 Takin, Bhutan 227 swazicus, Lamprophis 165 syrinx, Metisella 252 Takin, Golden 227 swezeyi, Aeschrithmysus 248 syrman, Neogobius 206 Takin, Mishmi 227 swezeyi, Nesithmysus 248 Syrmaticus 35, 149 Takin, Sichuan 227 swezeyi, Pseudopsecira 254 Syrnolopsis 119 talaseae, Zoothera 161 swezeyi, Zororypus 255 SYRPHIDAE 250 talbotae, Formica 100 swierstrai, Chitoglanis 243 syrticus, Gerbillus 24 talbotae, Monomorium 101 swierstrai, Francolinus 35 szczytkoi, Leuctra 254 Ta/pa 8 Swift, Dark-rumped 43 szechenyii, Tetraophasis 149 TALPIDAE 8 Swift, Fernando Po 198 TABANIDAE 99, 185,250 talpina, Partulina 213 Swift, Rothschild's 153 tabellata, Discula 124 talpoides douglasi, Thomomys 23 Swift, Schouteden's 43 Tacheocampylaea 215 Tamanka 87 Swift, Waterfall 153 tacheoides, Tacheocampylaea 215 tamarae, Epimyrma 100 Swift, White-chested 43 Tachuri, Bearded 156 tamarani, Canariomys 178 Swift, White-fronted 198 Tachuri, Grey-backed 156 Tamaraw 20 swiftii, Achatinella 1 20 Tachybaptus 29 Tamarin, Andean Saddle-back 241 Swiftlet, Atiu 43 Tachycineta 157 Tamarin, Black-chinned Emperor221 Swiftlet, Mascarene 153 Tachycnemis 66 Tamarin, Black-faced Lion 14 Swiftlet, Mayr's 198 Tachyeres 147 Tamarin, Cotton-top 14 Swiftlet, Seychelles 43 Tachygia 182 Tamarin, Golden Lion 14 Swiftlet, Tahiti 43 TACHYGLOSSIDAE 3, 219 Tamarin, Golden-headed Lion 14 Swiftlet, Volcano 43 Tachyglossus 219 Tamarin, Golden-mantled Saddle-back Swiftlet, Whitehead's 43 241 Tachyoryctes Tl, 145 Tamarin, swinhoei, Capricomis 21 Tachypleus 209 Golden-rumped Lion 14 swinhoii, 149 Tamarin, Pied 221 Lophura Tachysphex 170 Swordfish 207, 236 Tamarin, White-footed 14 laczanowskii, Agouti 145 Swordtail, Andamans 105 tamarugense, Conirostrum 55 tai-zanowskii, Nothoprocta 29 Swordtail, Sri Lankan Five-bar 253 tambusisiana. Idea 104 laczanowskii, Podiceps 29 swynnerloni, Swynnertonia 52 Tamesi, Molly del 80 Tadarida 13, 139 Swynnertonia 52 ramioi 22,231 Tadoma 32 Syconycteris 10 Tamiasciurus 231 taeniabronchum, Bradypodion 59 Sygnathoides 205 Tanager, Azure-rumped 55 taeniata elongata, Partula 239 sylhetensis, Kachuga 200 Tanager, Azure-shouldered 163 taeniata nucleola, Partula 239 Sylph, Bamboo 252 Tanager, Black-and-gold 54 taeniata simulans, Partula 239 Sylph, Dickson's 252 Tanager, Black-and-white 162 taeniata, Leptoxis 1 1 sylvanus, Hygrotus 248 Tanager, Black-backed 55 taeniata, Partula 239 sylvanus, Macaca 15 Tanager, Blue-and-gold 162 taeniatus, Ophidiocephalus 60 sylveslris, Callirallus 36 Tanager, Blue-whiskered 163 Taenioides 169 sylvestris, Micronycteris 137 Tanager, Brown 162 taeniolata, Achatinella 1 20 Tanager, Cherry-throated Sylvia 52 55 taeniolata, Palaina 211 Tanager, Cone-billed 54 Sylvietta 160 taeniolatus, Phyllopleryx 205 Tanager, Dotted 163 Sylvilagus 29, 146,234 taeniops. Hippocampus 81 Tanager, Gold-ringed 54 sylviolus, Phylloscartes 156 TAENIOPTERYGIDAE 254 Tanager, Green-capped 55 Sylvisorex 8, 241 Taeniopteryx 254 Tanager, Green-naped 163 symbiolica, Myrmica 101 Taeromys 27, 145 Tanager, Multicoloured 54 symbiotica, Pheidole 101 Taheitia 212 Tanager, Orange-throated 55 symmetochus, Megalomyrmex 100 tahitiensis, Numenius 37 Tanager, Purplish-mantled 162 symonsi, Serinus 163 Tahr, Arabian 21 Tanager, Seven-coloured 55 Sympetrum 187 Tahr, Himalayan 21 Tanager, Sira 163 Synallaxis 45, 155 Tahr, Nilgiri 21 Tanager, White-banded 162 Synanthedon 254 Tailorbird, Black-headed 159 Tanager, White-rumped 162 Synaptomys 233 Tailorbird, Long-billed 51 Tanager-finch 55 SYNBRANCHIDAE 82, 205 Tailorbird, Yellow-breasted 159 tanago, Tanakia 74 SYNBRANCHIFORMES 82, 205 taintori, Xenodiscula 216 Tanakia 74 Syncaris 93, 185 Taipidon 190 lanasi, Percina 84 Syncerus 131 taitensis, Gulella 128 Tandan, Belinger River 247 Syncomisles 169 laitianum, Pleurobema 1 12 Tandan, Cooper Creek 247 Syndactyla 45 taitungensis, Hemimyzon 74 Tandan, Kutubu 76 syndactylus, Hylobates 140 taivanus, Plecotus 13 Tandanus 247 SYNGNATHIDAE 81, 205 taivanus, Pycnonotus 157 Tandonia 215 SYNGNATHIFORMES 81,205 takahashii, Chamalychaeus 213 tanganjicae, Zoothera 161 Syngnathus 82, 205 Takahe 36 tanganyicense, Neothauma 120 SYNLESTIDAE 108, 171 takakurae. Hippocampus 81 tanganyicensis, Martelia 1 19 Syntheosciurus 142 takatsukasae, Monarcha 51 tanganyicensis, Reymondia 119 Synthliboramphus 38, 150 takedai, Hynobius 68 Tanganyicia 1 19

355 35 3 7 1

Tangara 55. 163 tof£(, Eptesicus 194 renajc, Somatogyrus 212 tanmurrana. Turgenitubulus 122 ra/e;, Premnoplex 45 TENEBRIONIDAE 99 tannensis, Ptilinopus 151 Tateomys 27 tenebrosa, Carelia 189 136 lenebrosa, Murina 194 tanneri. Bulimulus 126 talouay, Cabassous tanneri. Troglodytes 49 tatricus, Microtus 144 tenebrosa, Rhipidura 160 tanneri. Utabaenetes 108 tatricus, Spelaeodiscus 128 tenebrosus, Phyllastrephus 48 tansaniana, Crocidura 7 tattawuppana, Glyptorhagada 122 tenella, Auriculella 213 rener. Loriculus 152 tantillus, Neoplanorbis 1 1 tattersalli, Propithecus 14 tantula, Serica 250 Taudactylus 67 tenerifensis, Parmacella 127 tanycephalus, Calaxias 77 Tauraco 42, 152 teneriffae, Plecotus 13 Tanygnathus 41 tauricus, Clialepoxenus 100 Tengchiena 215 Tanysiptera 154, 198 taurinus albojubatus, Connochaetes tennentii, Ceratophora 59 Taoniscus 29 228 tennesseensis, Phoxinus 168 Tapaculo, Bahia 46 taurinus cooksoni, Connochaetes 228 tennesseensis, Somatogyrus 212 Tapaculo, Brasilia 46 taurinus johnstoni, Connochaetes 228 Tenrec. Aquatic 5 tapeinopterus, Encheloclarias 76 taurinus meamsi, Connochaetes 228 Tenrec, Large-eared 241 Taphozous 10, 136 taurinus taurinus, Connochaetes 228 TENRECIDAE 5, 241 Taphrolesbia 44 taurinus, Connochaetes 130 Tenualosa 71 Tapir, Central American 19 Taurotragus 141 tenuicostata, Sinployea 190 Tapir, Malayan 19 taurus, Carcharias 69 tenuimanus, Cherax 95 Tapir, Mountain 19 tavala, Apatania 255 tenuirostris, Numenius 38 TAPIRIDAE 19, 141 tawarensis, Poropuntius 73 tenuirostris, Zosterops 54 Tapirus 19. 141 tawarensis, Rasbora 74 tenuis, Cottus 206 lapoatafa pirata, Phascogale 219 raw/towiensii, Rattus 26 tenuis, Crocidura 7 tapoatafa tapoatafa, Phascogale 219 taxicolor bedfordi, Budorcas ITl tenuis, Myosorex 7 tapoalafa. Phascogale 135 taxicolor taxicolor, Budorcas 227 tenuis, Pseudobarbus 73 tappaniana, Partulina 121 taxicolor tibetana, Budorcas 227 tenuisculpta, Liardetia 215 taprobana, Parantica 171 taxicolor whitei, Budorcas 227 tenuispira, Amastra 1 89 tarabinii, Pardiglanis 203 taxicolor, Budorcas 21 tenuistriata. Diastole 125 tarandus pearyi, Rangifer 227 TAYASSUIDAE 20 Tepelmene, Sardinita de 73 Tarantula, Red-kneed 169 taylori, Arius 204 tephropleurus, Zosterops 54 tarapacensis, Tropidurus 199 taylori, Noturus 75 Teramulus 205 tarbinskii, Chalepoxenus 100 Tayloria 217, 240 TERAPONTIDAE 83, 168, 206, 244, 247 tar(ia, Orii 37 Tayra, Greyheaded 224 terceirana, Leptaxis 125 tardigradus, Loris 14 tayrorm, Coralliozetus 87 terebra, Partulina 213 tarichi, Chalcalbumus 202 tchadiensis, Biomphalaria 1 1 terebriformis, Anceya 119 tarraceuse, Deroceras 121 Teal, Baikal 32 Terenura 46 tarravillensis, Allocharopa 174 Teal, Brown 32 (erei, Elimia 1 1 Tarsier, Lesser Spectral 194 Teal, Madagascar 32 rerej, Gonospira 128 Tarsier, Philippine 129 Teal, Marbled 32 teresinarum, Lucifuga 11 Tarsier, Spectral 194 Teal, Salvadori's 32 tereticaudus chlorus, Spermophilus 23 Tarsiger 160 Teapa, Molly del 80 teretulus, Pheruicobius 13 TARSIIDAE 129, 194 tectiformis, Discula 124 Tern, Black-bellied 38 Tarsius 129, 194 teegelaari, Labrochromis 184 Tern, Black-fronted 38 Tarsomys 27 TEIIDAE 61, 182,200 Tern, Damara 150 Tartarocreagris 207 Teinopalpus 171,208 Tern, Elegant 150 tartarus, Cambarus 93 Teinsotoma 209 Tern, Fairy 38 tasanae, Rana 201 re(7a. Cymothoe 253 Tern, Kerguelen 38 Taskiria 254 telegrapha, Hedylepta 186 Terpsiphone 53, 160 Taskropsyche 254 teleius burdigalensis, Maculinea 252 terrapenfelis, Trachemys 246 Tasmacetus 197 teleius, Maculinea 170 terrapen, Trachemys 64 tasmaniae, Canthocamptus 96 Telespiza 56 Terrapene 64, 166, 200 tasmaniae, Megalanura250 Teleutomyrmex 102 Terrapin, Diamondback 166 tasmanica, Apteropanorpa 254 telfairii, Leiolopisma 60 terrapin, Malaclemys 166 tasmanica, Beddomeia 1 1 telfordi, Crocidura 1 Terrapin, Painted 64 tasmanicus, Bothriembryon 256 Telmatherina 79, 243 Terrapin, River 64 tasmaniensis, Arachnocampa 250 Telmatobius 67, 201 terrestris, Tapirus 141 tasmaniensis, Edwardsina 99 Telmatobufo 201 terrestris, Trugon 151 Tasmanipatus 109. 255 Telophorus 49 terrestris, Zoothera 181 Tasmanophlebia 99 temmincki, Catopuma 140 terrisi, Rhynchopsitta 41 Tasmanoplectron 108 temmincki, Pteropus 136 terryi, Aeschrithmysus 248 Tasmanoplegas 255 temminckii, Macroclemys 63 tessellata, Partulina 121 Tasmaphena 127 temminckii, Manis 142 tessellatus, Cualac 79 tatarica mongolica. Saiga 230 temminckii, Tragopan 149 tessellum, Syrichtus 252 talarica tatarica, Saiga 230 Temoleh, Ikan 73 testudinalis, Discula 124 tatarica. Saiga 22 TEMORIDAE 92, 207 TESTUDINES 62, 132, 165, 182, 200, larei, Dactylopsila 5 tempe, Thestor 104 234, 243, 246

356 1 1 2

TESTUDINIDAE 65, 166, 182, 200, 234, THERAPHOSIDAE 169 thoracatus. Geocapromys 179 243, 246 therasiae, Muscocyclops 132 THORACICA 208 Testudo 65, 166, 235, 243, 246 theresa, Monodelphis 3 thoracicus, Charadrius 37 telhys, Oceanodroma 146 thermae, Zaitzeva 249 Thornbill. Mountain 132 Tetracenlrum 206 thermalis, Pyrgulopsis 211 Thornbill, Slender-billed 49 Tetracerus 22 Thermocyclops 132 Thornbird, Chestnut-backed 155 tetradactyla, Allactaga 23 Thermodiaptomus 92 Thorntail, Coppery 198 tetradactylus sangi, Petrodromus 245 Thermomesochra 208 Thoropa 67 Tetradactylus 59, 182 thermophilum, Thermosphaeroma 185 Thrasher, Cozumel 158 TETRAGNATHIDAE 88 Thermophis 61 Thrasher, White-breasted 49 Tetramorium 102 Thermosphaeroma 97, 185, 244 Thraupis 163 Tetranesodon 204 ihermydromis, Speocirolana 97 Threeridge, Fat 110 Tetrao 149 r/iero cedarbergae. Phasis 252 Threskiomis 147 TETRAODONTIDAE 88, 207 Theropithecus 140 THRESKIORNITHIDAE 31, 147, 179 TETRAODONTIFORMES 88, 207 Thersites 122 Thripophaga 45, 155 Tetraophasis 149 Theskelomensor 1 25, 256 Throscodectes 109 tetraspis, Osteolaemus 58 thessala, Knipowitschia 87 Thrush, Amami 53 tetrax. Tetrax 150 Thessalogovin'As 87 Thrush, Ashy 53 Tetrax 150 Thestor 252 Thrush, Black-breasted 161 tetrica, Discula 124 Thestor, Dickson's 252 Thrush, Bonin 181 TETRIGIDAE 109 Thestor, Kaplan's 103 Thrush, Chinese 161 Tetrix 109 Thestor 103, 104, 170,252 Thrush, Everett's 161 Tettigarcta 251 r/ie((i, Partula 127 Thrush, Fawn-breasted 161 TETTIGARCTIDAE 251 THIARIDAE 119,173 Thrush, Forest 158 Tettigidea 109 thibaudeaui, Tenualosa 71 Thrush, Grand Cayman 181 Thrush, TETTIGONIIDAE 109, 187 thibetana huangensis, Ochotona 233 Grayson's 161 teuszii, Thrush, Grey-sided 53 Sousa 196 thibetana sikimaria, Ochotona 233 tevoroa, Thrush, Izu 53 Tridacna 112 thibetana, Macaca 129 Thrush, La Selle 53 texana, Cochliopa 115 tkibetanus gedrosianus, Ursus 224 Thrush, Long-billed 161 texana, Tartarocreagris 207 thibetanus, Ursus 18 Thrush, Makira 161 texanus, Asaphomyia 250 Thicketbird, Bismarck 198 Thrush, Moluccan 199 texanus, Haideoporus 248 Thicketbird, Bougainville 198 Thrush, New Britain 161 texanus, Limnebius 249 Thicketbird, Guadalcanal 159 Thrush, Orange-banded 161 texanus, Procambarus 95 Thicketbird, Long-legged 53 Thrush, Pied 161 texanus, Xyrauchen 75 Thinomis 37 Thrush, Red-backed 161 (MM, //e/ix 125 Thistletail, Perijal55 Thrush, Sao Tome 161 textilis, Amytomis 49 thol'oni, Mesoperipatus 209 Thrush, Slaty-backed 161 teydea, Fringilla 132 thomasetti, Gulella 191 Thrush, Somali 53 teysmannii, Treron 151 thomasi bethune-bakeri, Hemlargus Thrush, Spot-winged 161 Thaanumella 210 252 Thrush, Taita 53 thaanumi, Achatinella 1 88 thomasi, Echimys 28 Thrush, Tristan 159 thaanumi, Lyropupa 216 thomasi, Calagoides 241 Thrush, Unicoloured 161 thaanumi, Nesopupa 216 thomasi, Microgale 5 Thrush, 'Vemen 53 thaidina, Bhutanitis 244 thomasi, Microtus 144 Thryomanes 158 thalassina, Cissa 164 thomasi, Ochotona 146 Thryothorus 49 Thalassoma 87 thomasi, Presbytis 140 Thryssa 202 thalia, Crocidura 136 thomasi, Rhinolophus 137 thunbergi. Colophon 99 ?/M/ia, Partula 191 thomasi, Salpingotus 197 Thunnus 88, 207, 236, 237 Thallomys 145 thomasi, Stumira 1 thuragnathus, Harpagochromis 184 Thalurania 44 thomasi, Urothemis 209 thurjii, Hardella 166 thamicola, Homaloptera lA Thomasomys 145 thurstoni, Samoana 127 thomasseti, Nesomantis 68 thamnobates, Bradypodion 165 Thylacine 177 Thomea 214 THAMNOCEPHALIDAE 91 THYLACINIDAE 177 thomensis, Thamnomys 242 Columba 38 Thylacinus 177 Thamnophilus 155 thomensis, Crocidura 7 Thylamys 135 Thamnophis 61, 200, 246 thomensis, Estrilda 163 Thylogale 4 Thapsia 124, 125,215 thomensis, Nectarinia 53 thynnus , Thunnus IQl Thaumatodon 124, 190 thomensis, Paradoxa 213 thynnus, Thunnus Til Thaumatogryllus 108 thomensis, Thyrophorella 217 Thyrophorella 217 Thawnatoneura 107 Thomomys 142,231.242 THYROPHORELLIDAE 217 r/iefea thompsoni, Pyrgulopsis 211 125 Thyroptera 1 thedana, Torresitrachia 122 thomseni, Odontodiaptomus Iffl THYROPTERIDAE 11 theinemanni, Neolissochilus 73 thomsoni, Limnotrochus 119 THYSANURA 254 theodori. Anas 179 thomsonii albonotata, Gazella 228 r/iyii, Tilapia 86 theodorverhoeveni, Papagomys 178 thomsonii, Gazella 130 Tiang 228 Tkeodoxus 209 thonglongyai, Craseonycteris 10 tiarella, Ceomitra 124 136 Thepa, Pla 203 Thoopterus tiassalensis, Neritina 1 1

357 8

tibialis, Anomala 250 Tinamou, Yellow-legged 146 Tody, Narrow-billed 154 tibiospina, Deinacrida 254 Tinamus 146, 197 Tody-Flycatcher, Buff-cheeked 242

tickelli, Anorrhinus 1 54 Tinkerbird, While -chested 44 Tody-flycatcher, Maracaibol56 Tickellia 160 Tinostoma 186 Tody-tyrant, Boat-billed 156 Tiger 16 tiomanensis, Sundoreonectes 75 Tody-tyrant, Buff-breasted 47 Tiger. Amur 224 Tiphobia 119 Tody-tyrant, Buff-throated 156 Tiger, Angled 104 Tiradelphe 105 Tody-tyrant, Cinnamon-breasted 156 Tiger, Biak 104 Tiro 184 Tody-tyrant, Eye-ringed 156 Tiger, Bonthain 104 Tirumala 105, 208, 237, 244 Tody-tyrant, Hangnest 156 Tiger, Ceylon 171 Tischeria 186 Tody-tyrant, Kaempfer's47 Tiger, Crow 105 TISCHERIIDAE 186 Tody-tyrant, White-cheeked 156 Tiger, Crowley's 244 Tit, Red-throated 161 Tody-tyrant, Zimmer's 156 Tiger, D'Abrcra's 104 Tit, White-fronted 161 tohiveana, Partula 191 Tiger, Dannatt's 104 Tit, White-naped 53 Tokoweka, South Island 179 Tiger, David's 104 Tit, White-necklaced 161 tokudae, Mogera 8 Tiger, Fat 244 Tit, White-throated 161 tokudae, Pteropus 177 Tiger, Felder's 104 Tit, Yellow 161 Tokudaia 27 Tiger, Flores 104 Tit-babbler, Grey-faced 159 tolotomensis, Roimontis 214

Tiger, Javan 171 Tit-babbler, Miniature 51 Tolypeutes 5, 136 Tiger, Kirby's 244 Tit-spinetail, Araucaria 155 tomensis, Chaerephon 13 Tiger, Kuekenthal's Yellow 104 Tit-spinetail, Tawny 155 tomentosus, Kunsia 24 Tiger, Least 244 Tit-spinetail, White-browed 45 tomi, Betta 88 Tiger, Yellow 244 Manado Tit-tyrant, Ash-breasted 47 Tomicha 118, 188 Tiger, Milagros' 104 Tit-warbler, Crested 159 Tominanga 79 Tiger, Morishita's 104 titei, Lepidochrysops 103 Tomistoma 199 Tiger, New Ireland Yellow 104 tithonus, Omithoptera 208 Tomopeas 13 Tiger, Nilgiri 171 tithys, Synallaxis 45 tomsetti, Cupedora 173 Tiger, Sarangani 237 Titi, Black-fronted 221 Tonatia 11, 137 Tiger, Scarce Blue 244 Titi, 14 Masked Tondanichthys 81 Tiger, South China 224 Titi, Northern Bahian Blond 221 tonkeana hecki, Macaca 245 Tiger, Sumatran 224 Titi, Northern Masked 221 tonkeana, Macaca 140 Tiger, Sumatran Chocolate 171 Titi, Ornate 221 Toothcarp, South European 205 Tiger, Sumbawa 104 Titi, Southern Bahian Masked 221 Toothcarp, Spanish 205 Tiger, Timor Yellow 104 titteya, Puntius 132 Toothcarp, Valencia 80 Tiger, Toxopeus' Yellow 104 tityoides, Parantica 171 Topi 130,228 Tiger, Weiske's 244 tlahuacensis, Evarra 183 Topi, Coastal 228 Tiger, Zinken's 171 tlaloci, Rana 182 Topminnow, Barrens 80 Tiger-heron, Fasciated 147 Toad, Amargosa 66 Topminnow, Whiteline 183 tigrellus, Gobius 206 Toad, Amatola 66 topsiae, Beddomeia 115 tigrinus, Leopardus 140 Toad, Black 66 Tor 14 tigris altaica, Panthera llii Toad, Cape Mountain 166 Torguigener 207 tigris amoyensis, Panthera 224 Toad, Darwin's 201 tormentosa, Tettigarcta 251 tigris sumatrae, Panthera 224 Toad, Garo Hill Tree 66 Tomatellinops 213 tigris, Panthera 16 Toad, Golden 66 Tornelasmias 188 Tigrisoma 147 Toad, Houston 66 tomieri, Malacochersus 65 Tijuca 46, 156 Toad, Italian Spadefoot235 Tomigenus 239 Tilapia, Lake Magadi 247 Toad, Malabar Tree 66 torobo, Oloplotosus 76 Tilapia, Otjikoto 86 Toad, Mt Nimba Viviparous 66 torosus, Dinomis 179 Tilapia 86 Toad, Puerto Rican Crested 66 torquata, Delma 60 Tiliqua 61 Toad, Sonoran Green 166 lorquatus lucifer, Callicebus timavi, Niphargus 90 Toad, Yosemite 66 241 torquatus medemi, timorensis, Ficedula 158 Toadfish, Cotuero 78 Callicebus 221 torquatus torquatus, timorensis, Rattus 197 Toadfish, Reticulated 78 Cercocebus 245 torquatus, timorica, Parantica 104 Toadfish, Splendid 78 Bradypus 5 torquatus, Cercocebus timoriensis, Nyctophilus 13 Toadfish, Whitelined 78 140 torquatus, Cheiromeles TINAMIDAE 29, 146, 197 Toadfish, Whitespotted78 139 torquatus, TINAMIFORMES 29, 146, 197 Toadlet, Alexandra 201 Pedionomus 36 Tinamou, Black 197 Toadlet, Bibron's 167 torrefacta, Leptoxis 1 1 Tinamou, Choc'/4 29 Toadlet, Marbled 182 torrei, Boromys 178 Tinamou, Colombian 146 Toadlet, Red-crowned 167 torrentium, Austropotamobius 93 Tinamou, Dwarf 29 tobiasi, Hydropsyche 187 Torreomis 55

Tinamou, Hooded 146 tobleri, Euploea 171 torres i, Bibimys 143 Tinamou, Kalinowski's 29 toboroi, Papilio 244 Torresitrachia 122, 174, 244 Tinamou, Magdalena 29 TODIDAE 154 torreya, Cyclocosmia 207 Tinamou, Pale-browed 146 Todirhamphus 44, 154,246 torridus ramona, Onchomys 233 Tinamou, Solitary 146 Todirostrum 156,242 torridus ramona, Onychomys 233 Tinamou, Taczanowski's 29 todseni, Sonorella 174 torridus tularensis, Onchomys 233 Tinamou, Tepui 29 Todus 154 torridus tularensis, Onychomys 233

358 4 1

torridus, Auila 47 towoeti, Nomorhamphus 81 trevori. Mops 139 torringloni, Columba 38 Toxolasma 112 Triaenodes 187 Tortoise, Abingdon Island 234 toxopei, Charmosyna 40 Triaenops 1 Tortoise, African Spurred 65 toxopei, Parantica 104 Tribolonotus 200 Tortoise Aldabra Giant 65 Toxostoma 158 tricarinala, Melanochelys 64 Tortoise Argentine 65 Toxotes 244 tricarunculata, Procnias 46 Tortoise Giant Asian 65 TOXOTIDAE 244 tricellulare, Heteragrion 107 Tortoise Berger's Cape 65 trabalis, Villosa 256 Trichastoma 53, 160 Tortoise Bolson 65 Trachemys 64, 166, 246 TRICHECHIDAE 19,225 Tortoise, Burmese Starred 65 Trachypilhecus 15, 140, 194 Trichechus 19, 225 Tortoise, Central Asian 65 Tragelaphus 22, 131, 141, 230 Trichia 215 Tortoise Charles Island 234 tragocamelus, Boselaphus 130 Trichocichla 53 Tortoise, Chatham Island 234 Tragopan, Blyth's 35 Trichoglossus 41 Tortoise. Desert 65 Tragopan, Cabot's 35 TRICHOMYCTERIDAE 76, 168, 183, Tortoise, Duncan Island 234 Tragopan, Satyr 149 204 Tortoise, Eastern Hermann's 246 Tragopan, Temminck's 149 Trichomycterus 76, 168, 204 Tortoise, Egyptian 65 Tragopan, Western 35 trichonica, Cobitis 203 Tortoise, Elongated 65 Tragopan 35, 149 trichonis, Economidichthys 87 Tortoise, Galapagos Giant 65 TRAGULIDAE 141,226 TRICHONISCIDAE 97, 237 Tortoise, Geometric 65 Tragulus 226 TRICHOPTERA 187,254 Tortoise, Gopher 65 tramieri, Chalepoxenus 100 trichopus, Zygogeomys 23 Tortoise Home's Hinge-back2(X) tranquebarica viridissima, Cicindela Trichosurus 219 Tortoise, Hood Island 235 248 trichotis, Allocebus 13 Tortoise Iguana Cove 235 transfasciatus, Crypturellus 146 Irichotis, Chibchanomys 143 Tortoise Impressed 65 transgrediens, Aphanius 79 Trichotoxon 215 Tortoise Indefatigable Island235 transitionalis, Sylvilagus 29 tricinctus, Tolypeutes 5 Tortoise, James Island 234 translucida, Gulella 216 TRICLADIDA 192, 256 Tortoise Madagascar 65 transmontanus , Acipenser 236 Triclaria 41 Tortoise Madagascar Flat-shelled65 transmontanus, Acipenser 167 tricolor, Alectrurus Tortoise Marginated 243 156 transpacificus, Hypomesus 76 Tortoise Natal Hinge-back 166 tricolor, Ara 1 80 transsylvanica, Podismopsis 254 Tortoise Pancake 65 tricolor, Lyriothemis 107 transsylvanicus, Bienkotetrix 109 Tortoise, Radiated 65 Tricula 119 Tortoise Serrated Hinge-back 200 transvaalensis, Xenocalamus 200 Tridacna 112, 133,244 Tortoise, Sierra Negra 235 transversalis, Bulinus 113 TRIDACNIDAE 112, 133, 244 Tortoise, South American Yellow-footed transversalis, Theodoxus 209 tridactyla, Jacamaralcyon 44 65 Tras 74 tridactyla, Myrmecophaga 5 Tortoise, Speckled Cape 166 tras, Puntius 74 tridactylus tridactylus, Potorous 219 Tortoise, Spider 65 traski pomo, Hysterocarpus 247 tridecemlineatus alleni, Spermophilus Tortoise, Spur-thighed 65, 246 trautmani, Noturus 75 231 Tortoise Texas 243 traversi, Paryphanta 216 tridentata ssp., Lampetra 246 Tortoise, Three-keeled Land 64 traversi, Petroica 51 tridentatus, Tachypleus 209 Tortoise, Travancore 65 Treader-Bug, Aaa Water 251 tridentifera, Eurycea 68 Tortoise, Volcan Alcedo235 treculi, Micropterus 206 tridonata, Triaenodes 187 Tortoise, Volcan Darwin 235 Tree-finch, Medium 162 trifasciata, Cuora 64 Tortoise, Volcan Wolf 234 Tree-kangaroo, Bennett's 135 trifasciatus, Nesomimus 49 TORTRICIDAE 254 Tree-kangaroo, Doria's 4 Triggerfish, Queen 88 torulosa gubernaculum, Dysnomia 255 Tree-kangaroo, Goodfellow's4 triglavensis, Pseudomoraria 96 torulosa gubernaculum, Epioblasma Tree-kangaroo, Grizzled 193 trigonelia, Pseudocandona 98 238 Tree-kangaroo, Huon 4 Trigonopelastes 250 torulosa rangiana, Dysnomia 255 Tree-kangaroo, Lowland 193 Trigonoscuta 185,248 torulosa rangiana, Epioblasma 238 Tree-kangaroo, Lumholtzi's 135 trijuga, Melanochelys 200 torulosa torulosa, Dysnomia 255 Tree-kangaroo, Scott's Triller, Samoan 157 torulosa torulosa, Epioblasma 238 Tree-nymph, Bedford-Russell's 104 trimaculatus, Hephaestus 206 totae, Rhizosomichthys 183 Tree-nymph, Ceylon 171 trimaculatus. Hippocampus 82 Totoaba 84 Tree-nymph, Electra's 104 trimeni southeyae, Aloeides 252 Tree-nymph, Hewitson's Small 104 Totoaba 84 trimeni, Poecilmitis 103 Tree-Nymph, Malabar 171 totta, Serinus 163 Trimenia 104 Tree-Nymph, Seram Small 244 Toucanet, Saffron 154 Trimeresurus 62, 200 Treepie, Andaman 164 Toucanet, Yellow-browed 154 Trimerotropis 108 Treepie, Hooded 58 Touit 41, 152 Tringa 38 Treepie, White-bellied 164 toweri, Ataeniobius 80 Trinidad, Cachorrito de la 183 Treerunner, Beautiful 155 townesi, Stylurus 107 trinitatis, Hypolestes 107 Tremarclos 18 townsendi, Arctocephalus 17 trinotatus orarius, Zapus 232 Treron 39, 151 townseruli, Spiza 182 triochilus, Raphiomydas 250 treurensis, Barbus 132 townseruiii cowani, Microtus 233 Triodopsis 215 trevelyani, Barbus 71 townsendii, Plecotus 13 Triok, Tate's 5 trevelyani, Chrysospalax 5 townsendii, Spermophilus 197 TRIONYCHIDAE 65, 166, 200, 235

359 7 1 5 2 1 1

Trionyx 235 Trout, Bull 77 tumida, Pilsbrycharopa 123

TRIOPSIDAE 97 Trout, Cutthroat 247 tumidifrons, Natalus 1 tripartitus, Saguinus 241 Trout, Gila 77 tumiduta, Omphalotropis 210 triplex. Ephemera 250 Trout, Iwame 204 tumidulus. Jokajdon 214 Triplophysa 75 Trout, Mexican Golden 77 tumuloides. Libera 189 triporcatus, Staurotypus 166 Trout, Silver 183 tumultuosos, Alsodes 201 tripunctata, Euploea 104 Trox 250 Tuna, Albacore 207, 236 triquetra. Dysnomia 255 truchnasi, Nanoplectrus 255 Tuna, Bigeye 88, 236 6 trisella, Etheostoma 83 rruei, Podogymnura Tuna, Northern Bluefin 207, 237 triserrata, Cylindraspis 182 Trugon 151 Tuna, Southern bluefin 88 Trissexodon 245 trukana, Trukcharopa 214 tunneyi, Rattus 145 Trukcharopa 214 rrari'i, Partula 191 Tupaia 8 tristrami, Oceanodroma 146 truncata, Lyropupa 216 TUPAIIDAE 8 Trithemis 107 Truncatella 212 Tur, East Caucasian 21 Caucasian Tritocleis 186 TRUNCATELLIDAE 212 Tur, West 21 Triturus 132,201 Truncatellina 128,217 Turaco, Bannerman's 42 Turaco, Fischer's 152 triunguis, Trionyx 235 truncatus, Cambarus 93 truncatus, Chlamyphorus 5 Turaco, Prince Ruspoli's42 trivialis, Pyrgulopsis 2 1 Turacoena 39 trivirgata trilineata, Arctogalidia 224 truncatus, Ospatulus 73 truncatus, 196 turatii, Laniarius 157 trivittata, Kachuga 64 Tursiops TURBELLARIA 192,256 irocaz, Columba 132 Truncilla 255 turbinata, Westraltrachia 123 trochearis, Bellamya 120 Irybomi, Coregonus 204 turbinatus Biolocus, 239 Trochidrobia 117,173 tryoni, Xerarionta 125 Tomigenus Tryonia, Amargossa 212 TURBINIIDAE 112 trochiformis, Beddomeia 1 1 turbotti, Anagotus 248 TROCHILIDAE 43, 153, 181, 198 Tryonia, Brune's 212 Gila Turcinemacheilus 203 Trochochlamys 124 Tryonia, 212 Trochogyra 214 Tryonia, Grated 212 turcosus, Cyomis 158 Tryonia, Roster's 212 Turdoides 53, 160 Trochoidea 126, 175, 190,256 Tryonia, Mimic 212 Tur^iui 53, 161, 181 trochoideum, Craspedoma 133 Tryonia, Minute 212 Turgenitubulus 122, 256 Trochomorpha 128,175,217 Tryonia, Phantom 212 Turgid-blossom 255 Trochozonites 215 Tryonia, Point of Rocks 212 turgida, Achatinella TROGIDAE 250 120 Tryonia, Quitabaquito 212 turgida, Troglocaris 93 Partula 191 Tryonia, Sportingoods 212 troglocataractus, Nemacheilus 74 turgidula, Dysnomia 255

Tryonia 212 turgidula, 1 Troglocobitis 203 Epioblasma 1 Tryphomys 27 turgidula, troglodytes schweinfurthi. Part 223 Gonospira 128 tschaiyssuensis, Nemacheilus 74 turgidula, Streptostyla troglodytes troglodytes, Pan 223 215 tschapecki, Bythiospeum 115 Turkey, Ocellated 149 troglodytes verus, Pan 223 tschudii, Ampelioides 1 56 Turnagra 181 troglodytes, Aphodius 250 Tsessebe 228 tumerae, Beddomeia troglodytes, Monadenia 215 115 r5i(ana 252 tumeri, Eremomela 50 troglodytes. Pan 16 tsolovi, Calomyscus 143 Troglodytes 49 turneri, Hubbsina 80 Tuatara, Brother's Island 58 tumeri, Posorites 174 TROGLODYTIDAE 49, 158 Tuatara, Cook Strait 243 149 Trogloglanis 75 TURNICIDAE 35, Tubercled-blossom 255 Troglohyphantes 88 r«ma 35, 149 tuberculata, Cyclonaias 172 Trogon, Baird's 153 turpis, Hipposideros 10 tuberculata, Insulivitrina 175 Trogon, Hispaniolan 153 turricula, Carelia 189 tuberculata, Mystacina 13 Trogon, Ward's 44 turricula, Discula 124 tuberculatum, Heteropoma 210 Trogon 153 TURRIDAE 213 tuberculatus, Chalinolobus 138 TROGONIDAE 44, 153 turriplana, Gittenbergeri 245 tuberculatus, Hadramphus 185 TROGONIFORMES 44, 153 turrilella, Fontigens 116 tuberculatus, Pteropus 10 Trogopterus 22 turritum, Heteropoma 210 tuberculosus, Pedostibes 66 Troj^ei 105, 171,253 Tursiops 196 tuberosa, Quadrula 112 Troik, Great-tailed 5 turskyi, Leuciscus 183 TUBinCIDAE 110 Turtle, African Softshell 235 troostiana, Elimia 1 1 Tubuaia 125 tropica, Bettongia 4 Turtle, Alabama Red-bellied 64 tucinkae, Eubucco 154 tropicalis, Geomys 22 Turtle, Alligator Snapping 63 Tucuxi 196 tropicalis, Monachus 178 Turtle, American Red-bellied 166 tuerosi, Laterallus 36 Turtle, Leaf 243 Tropidophora 118,188,212 Annam tularosa, Cyprinodon 80 Turtle, Aquatic Box 64 Tropidophoxinellus 203 Tulotoma 213 Turtle, Arakan Forest 64 Tropidoptera 121 Tulotoma 213 Turtle, Asian Giant Softshell 66 Tropidurus 199 tumana, Lednia 254 Turtle, Asiatic Softshell 65 Tropocyclops 92 Tumba 74 Turtle, Assam Roofed 200 Tropodiaptomus 92, 185, 207 tumba, Puntius 74 Turtle, Barbour's Map 165 troschelianum, Pleurobema 1 1 tumbalensis, Tylomys 27 Turtle, Beal's-eyed 64 troughtoni, Taphozous 10 tumida, Beddomeia 188 Turtle, Bellinger River Snapping200 Trout, Apache 77

360 13 1

Turtle, Big-headed 200 Turtle, Philippen's Striped 200 TYPHLOPIDAE 62. 182 Turtle, Big-headed Amazon River64 Turtle, Philippine Pond 64 typhlops, Iranocypris 72 Turtle, Black Soft-shell 65 Turtle, Pig-nose 62 typhlops, Notoryctes 4 Turtle, Black Wood 166 Turtle, Pritchard's Snake-necked62 typhlops, Protocobitis 74 Turtle, Black-knobbed Map 166 Turtle, Red Side-necked 165 typhlops, Stygichthys 203 Turtle, Blanding's 165 Turtle, Red-crowned Roofed 64 Typhlops 62, 182 Turtle, Bog 64 Turtle, Red-headed River 65 Typhlosaurus 61 Turtle, Brazilian Radiolated Swamp 165 Turtle, Red-necked Pond 200 Typhlosynbranchus 205 Turtle, Brazilian Snake-necked62 Turtle, Reimann's Snake-necked200 fyphlotriton 201 Turtle, Bri.sbane Short-necked 243 Turtle, Ringed Map 64 typica, Coracina 48 Turtle, Brown Wood 166 Turtle, Roti Island Snake-necked62 typicus, Gerrhosaurus 165 Turtle, Burmese Eyed 166 Turtle, Ryukyu Leaf 64 typus, Otomys 144 Turtle, Burmese Flapshell 200 Turtle, Senegal Rapshell 166 typus, Rhincodon 201 Turtle, Burmese Roofed 64 Turtle, Seychelles Mud 65 TYRANNIDAE 47, 156, 242 Turtle, Cagle's Map 64 Turtle, Six-tubercled River 65 Tyrannulet, Alagoas 47 Turtle, Cat Island Freshwater 246 Turtle, Sonora Mud 64 Tyrannulet, Bay-ringed 156 Turtle, Central American River63 Turtle, South American River 132 Tyrannulet, Grey-capped 156 Turtle, Chaco Side-necked 62 Turtle, South Asian Box 165 Tyrannulet, Minas Gerais47 Turtle, Chaco Swamp 62 Turtle, Spiny 64 Tyrannulet, Oustalet's 156 Turtle, Chinese False-eyed 200 Turtle, Spiny-neck 165 Tyrannulet, Reiser's 156 Turtle, Chinese Stripe-necked 166 Turtle, Spotted 64 Tyrannulet. Restinga47 Turtle, Chinese Three-striped Box64 Turtle, Spotted Box 200 Tyrannulet, Sao Paulo 47 Turtle, Cochin Forest Cane 64 Turtle, Spotted Pond 165 Tyrannulet, Serra do Mar 156 Turtle, Common Box 166 Turtle, Striped Narrow-headed Softshell Tyrannus 47 Turtle, Creaser's Mud 166 65 Tyrant, Cock-tailed 156 Turtle, Crowned River 166 Turtle, Sulawesi Forest 200 Tyrant, Shear-tailed Grey 156 Turtle, Dahl's Toad-headed 62 Turtle, Tabasco Mud 166 Tyrant, Strange-tailed 47 Turtle, Dunn's Mud 64 Turtle, Texas Map 166 Tyrant, Tumbes 156 Turtle, Escambia Map 166 Turtle, Three-striped Roof 166 Tyrrheniella 126 Turtle, Euphrates Softshell66 Turtle, Turkana Mud 65 tytleri, Phylloscopus 160 Turtle, European Pond 165 Turtle, Upemba Mud 200 Tyto 42, 152, 198 Turtle, Fitzroy River 62 Turtle, Vanderhaege's Toad-headed 165 TYTONIDAE 42, 152, 198 Turtle, Flattened Musk 64 Turtle, Wattle-necked Softshell 166 tytonis, Chlorotalpa Turtle, Four-eyed 64 Turtle, Western Swamp 62 5 ilakari. Bald 14 Turtle, Fujian Pond 200 Turtle, Wood 64 Uakari, Black 241 Turtle, Giant Asian Pond 166 Turtle, Yellow-blotched Map 64 ucayalae, Turtle, Giant Musk 166 Turtle, Yellow-headed Box 200 Simoxenops 155 ucayalensi, Turtle, Green 63, 234 Turtle, Yellow-headed Temple 64 Scolomys 27 Turtle, Hawksbill 63 Turtle, Yellow-margined Box 64 uchidai, Neoscaptor 8 Turtle, Hoge's Sideneck62 Turtle, Yellow-spotted River 55 udzungwensis, Galagoides 194 Turtle, Inagua Island 246 Turtle, Yunnan Box 200 udzungwensis, Xenoperdix 35 Turtle, Indian Black 200 Turtle, Zambezi Flapshell 166 Uegitglanis 76 Turtle, Indian Eyed 166 Turtle, Zhou's Box 200 uenoi, Rhinocypha 106 Turtle, Indochinese Box 165 Turtle, Zulia Toad-headed 62 ukliva, Leuciscus 72 Turtle, Large-nosed Wood 166 turtoni, Chilonopsis 192 Ula-ai-hawane 181 Turtle, Leith's Softshell 166 turtoni, Nesopupa 191 ulietanus, Cyanoramphus 180 Turtle, Madagascan Big-headed 64 turtoni. Unio 209 ultima, Crocidura 7 Turtle, Magdalena River 65 tuscumbia, Etheostoma 83 ultima, Telespiza 56 Turtle, Malayan Flat-shelled 200 Tuxentius 252 ultramarina, Vini 42 Turtle, Malaysian Giant 166 tyberinus, Barbus 167 ultramontanum, Pisidium 256 Turtle, Manning River Snapping 200 tyleriana, Marmosa 193 Uma 60 Turtle, Mary River 62 Tylognathus 203 umbargae, Argiocnemis 106 Turtle, McCord's Box 200 Tylomys 11, 145 umbilicata, Amastra 1 89 Turtle, Mexican Musk 166 tylorhinus, Pappogeomys 142 umbilicaia, Lithoglyphus 188 Turtle, Mexican Spotted Wood 64 tympanistrigus, Pycnonotus 48 umbilicata, Partula 191 Turtle, River Namoi Snapping 62 Tympanocryptis 234 umbilicata, Phrantela 116 Turtle, Narrow-breasted Snake-necked Tympanoctomys 28 umbilicata, Pyrgina 214 165 tympanum mamieae, Eulamprus TiA umbilicatus, Neoplanorbis 1 1 Turtle, Narrow-bridged Mud 64 tympanum ssp., Eulamprus 246 Umbra 76 Turtle, Narrow-bridged Musk 166 Typhaeus 249 umbralus, Platyrrhinus 137 Turtle, Narrow-headed Softshell65 Typhlatya 93 Umbrellabird, Bare-necked 46 Turtle, Nubian Flapshell 166 Typhleotris 87 Umbrellabird, Long-wattled 46 Turtle, Oaxaca Mud 166 76, 168 Typhliasina 77, 247 UMBRIDAE Turtle, Ornate Box 166 Typhlichthys 77 umbrina, Pseudemydura 62 Turtle, Pacific Pond 64 Typhlobarbus 74 umbrinus emotus, Thomomys 242 Turtle, Pan's Box 200 Typhlogarra 74 umbrinus nevadensis, Tamias 23 Turtle, Pantanal Swamp 165 Typhlomolge 68 umbrinus sedulus, Tamias 23 Turtle, Parker's Snake-necked 62 Typhlomys 27 umbrinus, Thomomys 142 Turtle, Pascagoula Map 166

361 3 3 7

unalascensis stevensoni, Dicrostonyx urophthalmus, Acanthocobitis 132 Va/vafa 119,213 232 Uropsilus 8 VALVATIDAE 119,213 unalascensis unalascensis. Dicrostonyx uropygialis, Zoslerops 162 Vampyressa 11, 137 232 Urosphena 161 Vampyrum 137 unappendiculatus, Casuarius 29 urospinosus, Euastacus 96 vana, Lonchura 57 Unas 248 uroslicta, Myrmotherula 46 vancouverensis, Marmota 22 uncatus, Semperdon 214 urostrictus, Engaeus 96 Vandeleuria 27 uncia, Uncia 16 Urothemis 209 vanderbilti, Malacocincla 51 Uncia 16 URSIDAE 17, 129, 195, 224 vanderhaegei, Phrynops 165 underwoodi, Eumops 139 ursina, Lichrmnthe 250 vandeuseni, Stenomys 27 Underwoodisaurus 165 ursinii moldavica, Vipera 234 Vanellus 37, 150, 180 undulata, Chlamydotis I'il ursinii rakosiensis, Vipera 234 Vanga, Bernier's 49 undulatus, Cheilinus 87 ursinii, Vipera 62 Vanga, Helmet 157 undulatus, Zebrilus 147 ursinus ursinus, Vombatus 219 Vanga, Pollen's 49 unestami, Cambarus 94 ursinus, Ailurops 193 Vanga, Van Dam's 49 Unga 86 ursinus, Callorhinus 17 VANGIDAE 49, 157 unicolor, Chamaepetes 149 ursinus, Dendrolagus 193 vanheumi, Melanotaenia 205 unicolor, Corvus 58 ursinus, Melursus 18 vanhyningi, Cincinnatia 115 unicolor, Crotalus 62 ursinus, Paruromys 25 vanuxemiana, Elimia 1 1 unicolor, Cyanoramphus 40 ursulae, Nectarinia 161 vanzoi, Cnemidophorus 61 unicolor, Mesitomis 35 [/rjui 18, 129,224 vanzolinii, Alsodes 201 unicolor, Myrmotherula 46 urubambensis, Asthenes 155 vanzolinii, Saimiri 15 unicolor, Obovaria 172 usagarica msambaa, Gulella 240 Vaona 203 Vaquita 18 unicornis , Rhinoceros 226 usagarica satura, Gulella 240 unicornis, Pauxi 34 usambarae, Charaxes 253 VARANIDAE 61, 243, 246 unicornis. Rhinoceros 19 usambarae, Crocidura 7 Varanus 61,243,246 unidentata, Gulella 216 usambarae, Uranothauma 252 vardarensis, Cobitis 203 unifasciatus, Bulimulus 126 usambarense, Atrichotoxon 215 vardoni, Kobus 131 unifilis, Podocnemis 65 usambarense, Ptychotrema 216 Varecia 14,220 unilamellala, Mautodontha 189 usambarensis, Thapsia 215 varia, Neotoma 25 ynio 172, 187, 209, 256 usambarensis, Edentulina 216 varia, Partula 127 UNIONIDAE 110, 133, 172, 187, 209, usambarensis, Gonaxis 216 van'a, Tangara 163 238, 255 usambarensis, Trochozonites 215 Varia 83 UNIONOIDA 110, 133, 172, 187,209, usambarica, Gulella 216 variabilis, Oreochromis 85 238, 255 usambarica, Hypolysia 217 variabilis, Partula 191 uniplicata, Auriculella 1 88 usambarica, Subulina 217 variabilis, Partulina 121 Rhyacophila 255 unipunctata, usdagalun, Lirceus 97 varians, Elimia 117 unirufus, Centropus 152 Ushimotsugo 246 variata, Elimia 212 unistriata, 3 Monodelphis usingeri, Pseudopsectra 254 varicosa, Alasmidonta 209 universitatis, 100 Camponotus ussheri, Scotopelia 42 varicosa, Alismodonta 255 upembae, Pelusios 200 ussuriensis, Murina 12 variegata rubra, Varecia 220 Uperoleia 182,201 ustulata, Baetica 109 variegata variegata, Varecia 220 Upucerthia 155 ustulata, Partulina 213 variegata, Mesitomis 35 uralensis, Formica 170 ustulatus, Bulimulus 126 variegata, Mogumda 87 Uramphisopus 97 Utabaenetes 108 variegata, Nannoperca 82 urania, Macromia 106 utahensis, Chaetarthria 249 variegata, Tryonia 212 uranidea, Percina 169 utahensis, Hydroporus 248 variegata, Varecia 14 uranoscopus, 202 Gobio utahensis, Limnebius 249 variegaticeps, Alcippe 49 Uranothauma 252 variegatus, Dicranopselaphus 249 utahensis, Physella 1 1 urartensis, Calomyscus 143 variegatus, Thaumatogryllus 108 utahensis, Stagnicola 1 1 44 Uratelomis utahensis, Valvata 213 variumbilicata, Rhysoconcha 123 Urchin, European Edible Sea 169 uvula, Gonospira 128 varius, Caconemobius 108 urguessensis subangulata, Tayloria 240 vae, Felovia 27 varius, Fregilupus 182 Urial, Afghan 230 vagans, Conacmella 210 vascoana, Deroceras 173 Urial, Bukhara 230 valachicus, Niphargus 90 vasconica, Cryptazeca 174 Urial, Ladahk 230 Valencia 80 vasta, Hyla 66 Urial, Mouflon, 21 valeriae, Pristidactylus 199 vaterifloris, Rasbora 132 Urial, Punjab 230 valgum, Macrobaenetes 108 vaughani, Acrocephalus 49 Urial, Severtzov's 230 vaughani, Zosterops 162 valida, Achatinella 1 88 Urial, Transcaspian 230 validirostris, Lanius 157 vectensis, Nematostella 128 Urocissa 58, 164 validus, Dendrohyrax 19 vegetus, Oligoryzomys 144 Urocyon 129 valleculus, Hobbseus 94 vejdorskyi, Arion 213 Urogale 8 Vallonia 175,217 velascoi, Pyrenaearia 175 Uroglaux 198 VALLONIIDAE 128, 175, 217 velata, Brazieria 111 Vromys 27, 145 valobushensis, Hobbseus 94 velatus, Histiotus 138 urophtalmus ericymba, Cichlasoma valsanicola, Romanichthys 84 velifer, Astatotilapia 84 236 Valvata, Utah 213 vellerosus, Colobus 15

362 82 1 85 1

velox, Potamogale 5 VESPERTILIONIDAE 11, 137, 177, 194, v/pi'o, Gr«5 36 velox, Vulpes 129 245 Virata, Lagonosticta 163 velozi, Plagiodonlia 179 VESPIDAE 251 virens, Valvata 119 venaticus, Speothos 16 vestitus, Phalanger 4 virens, Xyrichtys 87 venator, Prognathochromis 85 vestitus, Sphiggurus 28 Vireo, Black-capped 56 venatrix, Adelomyrma 99 veteranus, Cambarus 94 Vireo, Blue Mountain 163 Vendace 204 vetiprovidentiae, Poecilia 205 Vireo, Chocy4 56 vendia, Plentusia 174 veru/a. Batistes 88 Vireo, Dwarf 163 VENEROIDA 112, 133, 173, 244, 256 vetula, Muscipipra 156 Vireo, Noronha 56 venezuelae, Neusticomys 25 vetulus, Dusicyon 195 Vireo, San Andres 56 venezuelanus, Phylloscartes 156 vetulus, Pteropus 136 Vireo, Slaty 163 venezuelensis, Diglossa 54 vetulus, Trachypithecus 15 Vireo 56, 163 Veniliornis 155 vetusa, Leptaxis 125 Vireolanius 163 ventralis, Amazona 151 vexillarius, Paraxerus 22 VIREONIDAE 56, 163 ventralis, Buleo 148 vexillifer, Lipotes 19 virescens, Lampsilis 1 1 ventralis, Tadarida 139 vicina, Meliphaga 199 virgata, Leptoxis 1 1 venui, Le/o 252 Victaphanta \T1, 175 virgala. Sterna 38 venusta, Chloropsis 157 Victodrobia 117, 173 virgalus, Garrulax 159 venujto, Glironia 3 victori, Lepidochrysops 103 virginianus clavium, Odocoileus 227 venu^rHi, Telmatobufo 201 victoria, Acanthaeshna 105 virginianus leucurus, Odocoileus 227 venustus, Thamnomys 242 victoria, Goura 39 virginianus, Polygyriscus 215 vepreculae, Hemisaga 109 victoriae, Lamprolia 51 virginiensis, Artogeia 253 Verde, Bagre de Rio 75 victoriae, Paralabidochromis 85 Virgo, Rhinolophus 137 Verde, Sardinita de Rio 72, 73 victoriae, Ploceus 199 virgulata, Partulina 213 verecundus, Cyprinodon 80 victoriae, Sitta 53 viridans, Achatinella 1 20 verheyeni, Mastomys 144 vicloriarm, Setobaudinia 174 viridanum, Todirostrum 156 Veritas, Milyeringa 206 victorianus, Harpagochromis 184 viride, Windbalea 109 vermeilipinnis, Scaturiginichthys 79 victoriensis, Victodrobia 173 viridicata, Pyrrhura 41 vermiculosa, Leiostyla 127 vic'kus, Oligoryzomys 25 viridifacies, Erythrura 57 Vermivora 56, 163 vicugna mensalis. Vicugna 226 viridigenalis, Amazona 40 vemalis, Archaeophylax 255 vicugna vicugna, Vicugna lib viridis, Aeshna 171 Vern<3>'a 27 vicugna. Vicugna 130 viridis, Androphobus 198 vemayi, Dendromus 23 Vicugna 130,226 viridis, Bythinella 1 1 vemoni, Helenodiscus 189 Vicuna 130 viridis, Cochoa 158 veronicae, Cyprinodon 80 Vi(ic/W 217 viridis, Elaphrus 98 verreauxi coquereli, Propithecus 221 Vidumelon 122 viridis, Eunice 209 verreauxi coronatus, Propithecus 221 Viejo, Meo 168 viridis, Heterocrossa 252 verreauxi deckeni, Propithecus 22 v/'gi/, Buceros 154 Viridonia 56, 181 verreauxi verreauxi, Propithecus 221 vignoniana, Achatina 213 visagiei, Chrysochloris 5 verreauxi, Coua 152 viguieri, Dacnis 162 Visorbearer, Hooded 153 verreauxi, Propithecus 14 vilasboasi, Pipra 47 Visorbearer, Hyacinth 153 verreauxii alpina, Litoria 235 villaviscensio, Campylopterus 153 vitellina, Dendroica 163 verreauxii, Litoria 243 Villosa 256 vitellina, Geocrinia 67 verrucosa, Eunicella 128 villosa, Nesocryptias 251 vitellinus, Rheobatrachus 67 villosa, Sitta 161 vitianus, 62 verrucosa, Lithasia 1 1 Ogmodon verrucosus, Sus 20 Vi7/o.sa 256 vitiensis, Brachylophus 59 versa, Graplemys 156 villosus, Chrysospalax 5 vitiensis, Platymantis 67 verschureni, Malacomys 242 Vily 205 vitrea, Paludinella 211 versicolor, Amazona 40 Vimfca 74 Virrea 128,217 versicolor, Columba 180 vinacea, Amazona 40 VITRINIDAE 128, 175,245 versicolor, Ergaticus 163 vinaceigula, Egretta 31 Vitrinula 189 versicolor, Geotrygon 151 vincens, Dicaeum 161 vi'na, Mogumda 87 versicolor, Mayrornis 51 vincenti, Chironius 61 vittata, Amazona 40 vertebralis, Rana 243 vincenti, Paraxerus 22 vittata, Lepidomeda 72 verticalis, Prioniturus 41 vincta, Leiostyla 245 vittata, Leptoxis 118 verticomis, Epigomphus 107 Vm< 41,42 vittata, Lerista 60 vittata, Partula VERTIGINIDAE 128, 133, 175, 192,217, vinogradovi, Dicrostonyx 23 191 245 vi>!5om', Nycteris 10 vittatus, Prognathochromis 185 Vertigo 133, 175,217 violacea, Lambis 212 vitulina mellonae, Phoca 224 vertreesi, Ceraclea 254 Viper, Armenian 243 vitulina stejnegeri, Phoca 242 vertreesi, Ochrotrichia 254 Viper, Cauca.sian 62 Viverra 18 Viper, Cyclades Blunt-nosed 62 VIVERRIDAE 18, 195,224 verum, Pleurobema 1 1 verui, Procolobus 140 Viper, Latifi's 62 viverrinus, Dasyurus 135 Viper, Orsini's 234 viverrinus, vervierii, Palacanthilhiopsis 116 Prionailurus 140 Viper, Transcaucasian Long-nosed246 vesontiana, Bythinella 173 vivesi, Myotis 13 Vipera 62, 234, 243, 246 Vespericola 215 vivipara pannonica, Lacerta 234 VIPERIDAE 62, 200, 234, 243, 246 VIVIPARIDAE 119, 173,213 Vespertilio 13

363 81 1

viviparus, Girardinichthys 80 vulpecula hyopoleucus, Trichosurus Warbler, Mrs Moreau's52 Viviparus 173 219 Warbler, Papyrus Yellow 50 vladykovi, Eudonlomyzon 167 Vulpes 129, 195 Warbler, Pink-headed 163 vociferoides, Haliaeetus 33 vulpina, Achatinella 120 Warbler, Pirre 163 voeltzkowi, Pteropus 10 vulpinus, Juscelinomys lA Warbler, Rand's 160 VogelkopTree-kangaroo 193 Vulture, Cinereous 148 Warbler, Rodrigues 50 volans goldmani, Glaucomys 245 Vulture, Long-billed 148 Warbler, Santa Marta 163 volans guerreroensis, Glaucomys 245 Vulture, Red-headed 148 Warbler, Semper's 56 volans oaxacensis, Glaucomys 245 Vulture, White-rumped 148 Warbler, Seychelles 50 Warbler, 158 volans, Cynocephalus 8 waccamawensis, Elliptio 255 Shade Warbler, Vitelline 163 volans, Pteromys 142 waccamensis, Fundulus 80 Warbler, Vole, Alexander Islands Long-tailed232 waddelli, Babax 158 Whistling 55 Warbler, Vole, Alexander Islands Tundra232 wagneri, Catagonus 20 White-lored 163 Warbler, White-winged Vole, Amak Tundra 232 wagneri, Vipera 62 56 Warbler, Yellow-vented Vole, Amargosa 232 wahjui, Telmatherina 79 160 Warbler, Vole, Ash Meadows Monlane232 wahkeena, Nemours 254 Yemen 52 Vole, Balkan Snow 143 wahnesi, Parotia 58 Warbling-finch, Cinereous 163 Warbling-finch, Vole, Bavarian 178 waianensis, Nesopupa 216 Plain-tailed55 Warbling-finch, Rufous-breasted55 Vole, Beach 242 waigiuensis, Salvadorina 32 wardi, Blarinella 136 Vole, Big Horn Montane 232 waimatense, Oligosoma 61 wardi, Harpactes 44 Vole, Cabrera's 144 wakensis, Gallirallus 180 wardi, Vole, Chihuahua 245 waldeni, Aceros 44 Pseudobias 160 wardi, Psittacula Vole, Cody Mountain 232 waldenii, Dicrurus 58 181 wardii, Zoothera 161 Vole, Rorida Saltmarsh 232 walla, Capra 21 warnerensis, Catostomus 75 Vole, Hall Island Insular 232 walkeri, Gyrotoma 118 Vole, Hualapai 232 warreni, Diploglossus 164 walkeri, Liolaemus 199 Vole, Insular 197 Warthog, Cape 226 walkeri, Medionidus 1 1 Vole, Labrador Rock 232 Warthog, Eritrean 226 walkeri, Nyctophilus 139 Vole, Mojave River 232 Warthog, Somali 226 walkeri, Pleurocera 1 1 Vole, Montague Tundra 232 Wartyback, White 1 1 walkeri, Potamonectes 249 Vole, Mount Graham Long-tailed232 washingtoni, Spermophilus 22 walkeriana, Helminthoglypta 125 Vole, Pahranagat Valley Montane232 Wasp, Antennal-waving 170 Wallaby, Bridled Nailtail4 Vole, Potholes Meadow 232 Wasp, Antioch Mutillid251 Wallaby, Crescent Nailtail 177 Vole, Punuk Islands Tundra 232 Wasp, Antioch Sphecid 251 Wallaby, Parma 135 Vole, Revillagigedo Island Red-backed Wasp, Bidecoratus Sphecid 251 Wallaby, Tamar 220 232 Wasp, Brown Cross Sphecid 251 Wallaby, Tammar 220 Vole, Root 144 Wasp, Giffard's Sphecid 251 Wallaby, Toolache 177 Vole, San Bernardino Long-tailed232 Wasp, Haleakala Sphecid 251 Wallaby, Western Brush 135 Vole, Shumagin Islands Tundra 232 Wasp, Hawaiian Sphecid 251 wallacei, Megapodius 34 Vole, Snow 143 Wasp, Kauai Sphecid 251 wallacei, Styloctenium 136 Vole, Southern Rock 232 Wasp, Nihoa Eupelmus 251 wallacii, Habroptila 36 Vole, Southern Water 143 Wasp, Nihoa Sclerodermus251 wallacii, Semioptera 164 Vole, St Lawrence Island Tundra 232 Wasp, Niihau Vespid 251 Wallaroo, Black 135 Vole, St Matthew Island Insular232 Wasp, Puna Sphecid 251 wallengrenii, Trimenia 104 Vole, Stephen's California 232 Wasp, Redheaded Sphecid 251 walleri, Litocranius 131 Vole, Tatra 144 Wasp, Shade-winged Sphecid 251 wallichi, Catreus 34 Vole, Triangle Island 233 Wasp, Short-foot Sphecid 251 wallicus, Pezoporus Vole, Wakayama Red-backed 26 242 Wasp, Soror Vespid 251 Walrus, Laptev Vole, White-footed 197 224 Water-rat, False 27 Volemys 27, 145 waltoni, Elliptio 110 Water-redstart, Luzon 52 volgensis, Slizostedion 206 waltoni, Oreohelix 126 Waterbuck 130 volitans, Pegasus 205, 236 wanamensis, Glossolepis 78 Waterbuck, Defassa 229 volutina, Slonemyia 185 wani, Streptostyla 215 Waterbuck, Ellipsen 229 Wapiti, Alashan 226 Volvarina 213 waterhouseae, Beddomeia 1 15 VOMBATIDAE 4,219 wapiti, Etheostoma 83 watermayeri, Syngnathus 82 Vombatus 219 Warbler, Aquatic 49 watersi, Sarothrura 37 Warbler, voratus, Brolomys 178 Bachman's 56 waterstradti, Prioniturus 41 Warbler, Black-capped Rufous50 Vormela 224 walkinsi, Incaspiza 162 Warbler, Broad-billed 160 vortex, Oreohelix 126 watta, Vidumelon 122 Warbler, Cape Verde 49 vonicella, Ctenophila 124 Wattle-eye, Banded 52 Warbler, Chatham Islands 159 vosmaeri, Cyllndraspis 182 Wattle-eye, White-fronted 160 Warbler, Colima 163 vosseleri. Bubo 42 wattsi, Maxomys 24 Warbler, Dja River 198 vosseleri, Gonaxis 216 wattsi, Pipistrellus 139 Warbler, Elfin-woods 163 vulcani, Mus 144 watuliki, Aethiothemis 208 Warbler, Golden-cheeked 55 vulcanorum, Collocalia 43 wawona, Atractelmis 249 Warbler, Grey-headed 55 vulcanorum, Sylvisorex 24! wawrai, Belgrandiella 115 Warbler, Grey-throated 163 vulgaris, Sciurus 142 Waxbill, Anambra 57 Warbler, Kirtland's 55 vulnerata, Myzomela 162 Waxbill, Black-lored 57

364 6

Waxbill, Cinderella 163 Westriplectes 255 Whistler, Hooded 159 Waxwing, Japanese 157 westwoodi, Colophon 99 Whistler, Red-lored 132 Weasel, Back-striped 17 Weta, Banks Peninsula 254 Whistler, Tongan 159 Weasel, Colombian 17 Weta, Herekopare Island 254 Whistler, Vogelkop 160 Weasel, Indonesian Mountain 17 Weta, Kaikoura 209 Whistling-duck, West lndian32 Weasel, Tropical 195 Weta, Mahoenui Giant 254 Whistling-thrush, Malayan 159 Weatherfish 168 Weta, Nelson Alpine 254 Whistling-thrush, Sri Lanka 51 Weaver, Asian Golden 164 Weta, Poor Knights 108 whitakeri, Cyclodina 60 Weaver, Bannerman's 57 Weta, Stephens Island 109 White, West Virginia 253 Weaver, Bates's 57 Weta, Tusked 254 White-eye, Ambon Yellow 162 Weaver, Black-chinned 57 Wetapunga 108 White-eye, Annobon 54 Weaver, Clarke's 57 wetmorei, Buthraupis 54 White-eye, Biak 162 Weaver, Entebbe 199 wetmorei, Rallus 37 White-eye, Christmas Island 162 Weaver, Fox's 164 Wetmorethraupis 55 White-eye, Crested 161 Weaver, Golden-naped 57 wewalkai, Deronectes 248 White-eye, Faichuk 53 Weaver, Kilombero 57 weymeri, Papilio 244 White-eye, Ghizo 54 57 Weaver, Lake Lufira weynsi, Cephalophus 141 White-eye, Giant 161 Weaver, Loango 57 Whale, Andrews' Beaked 196 White-eye, Golden 53 Weaver, Tanzanian Mountain 57 Whale, Arnoux's Beaked 130 White-eye, Golden-bellied 162 Weaver, Yellow 57 Whale, Baird's Beaked 130 White-eye, Javan 161 Weaver, Yellow-legged 57 Whale, Blainville's Beaked 196 White-eye, Kulal 54 webbi, Eliurus 143 Whale, Blue 18,225 White-eye, Lemon-throated 161 webbiana, Lampadia 125 Whale, Bowhead 129, 224, 225 White-eye, Long-billed 161 weberi, Dermogenys 81 Whale, Bryde's 195 White-eye, Lord Howe Island 54 weberi. Prose iurillus 142 Whale, Cuvier's Beaked 197 White-eye, Mauritius Olive 54 Weberogobius 87 Whale, Dwarf Sperm 242 White-eye, Mount Karthala54 Weevil, Antioch Dune 248 Whale, False Killer 242 White-eye, Nendo 242 Weevil, Blackburn's 185 Whale, Fin 18 White-eye, Pale-bellied 161 Weevil, Brown-tassel 248 Whale, Gervais' Beaked 196 White-eye, Pearl-bellied 161 Weevil, Coxella 248 Whale, Ginkgo-toothed Beaked 196 White-eye, Pemba 162 Weevil, Dorothy's El Segundo Dune248 Whale, Gray 129, 225 White-eye, Plain 162 Weevil, Doyen's Dune 248 Whale, Gray's Beaked 196 White-eye, Rennell 162 Weevil, Flax 248 Whale, Hector's Beaked 196 White-eye, Robust 181 Weevil, Fort Ross 185 Whale, Hubbs' Beaked 196 White-eye, Rota 54 Weevil, Gifford's 248 Whale, Humpback 18 White-eye, Rufous-throated 53 Weevil, Kauai 248 Whale, Indo-Pacific Beaked 196 White-eye, Saipan Bridled 162 Weevil, Knobbled 248 Whale, Killer 129 White-eye, Samoan 54 Weevil, Lange's El Segundo Dune248 Whale, Lesser Beaked 196 White-eye, Sanford's 161 Weevil, Lichen 98 Whale, Long-finned Pilot 242 White-eye, Sao Tome 54 Weevil, Munro's 248 Whale, Melon-headed 242 White-eye, Seychelles 54 Weevil, Nelson's 248 Whale, Minke 141 White-eye, Slender-billed54 Weevil, Nihoa 248 Whale, Northern Bottlenose 130 White-eye, South Pare 54 Weevil, Oahu Nesiotes 248 Whale, Northern Right 18, 225 White-eye, Spot-breasted 161 Weevil, Obscure 248 Whale, Pygmy Blue 225 White-eye, Taita 54 Weevil, Rulien's 248 Whale, Pygmy Killer 195 White-eye, White-chested 53 Weevil, Stephen's Island 248 Whale, Pygmy Right 242 White-eye, White-throated 199 Weevil, Turbott's 248 Whale, Pygmy Sperm 242 White-eye, Yap Olive 54 Weevil, Wellington Speargrass248 Whale, Sei 18 Whiteface, Chestnut-breasted 50 Weevil, Yorba Linda 185 Whale, Shepherd's Beaked 197 Whitefish, Acadian 77 wegneri, Parantica 104 Whale, Short-finned Pilot 129 Whitefish, Bottom 204 Whitefish, weiskei thalassina, Paratica 237 Whale, Southern Bottlenose 130 Cape 71 Whitefish, Large 204 weiskei, Parantica 244 Whale, Southern Minke 129 Bottom Whitefish, Northern 204 Weka 149 Whale, Southern Right 129 Whitefish, Opeongo 247 wekiwae, Cincinnatia 115 Whale, Sowerby's Beaked 196 Whitefish, Squanga 247 welaka, Notropis IQil Whale, Sperm 18 whiteheadi, Chrotomys 23 welcommei, Allochromis 84 Whale, Stejneger's Beaked 196 whiteheadi, Collocalia 43 wellardi, Branchinella 91 Whale, Strap-toothed 196 whiteheadi, Sitta 161 wellekensae, Phyllodiaplomus 92 Whale, True's Beaked 196 White 18 whiteheadi, Stachyris 160 wellsi, Leptotila 39 Whale, whiteheadi, Urocissa 164 wengerorum, Stygobromus 90 whartoni, Ducula 39 wharloni, Sphaerospira 174 whitei. Colophon 99 wemeri, Achalinus 61 wheeleh, Arkansia 110 whitei, Ditropis 114 wemeri, Iguanognathus 61 wheeleri, Somatogyrus 212 whitei. Hippocampus 82 Wesleyana, Nesopupa 216 Whipbird, Papuan 198 whitei, llydon 80 wesselensis, Cristigibba 214 Whipbird, Western 52 whiteleggei, Hemistoma 1 1 westertrmnni, Elachistodon 200 Whiptail, Orange-throated 200 whitelyi, Caprimulgus 153 westlandica, Procellaria 30 Whiptail, St Lucia 61 Whitestart, Guaiquinima56 Westraltrachia 122, 123 Whistler, Fawn-breasted 160 Whitestart, Paria 56 Westralunio 110

365 5 5 6

Whitestart, White-faced 163 Wolverine 17 Worm, Palolo 209 whitleyi, Bothriembryon 121 Woma 61 Worm-lizard, Flinders Ranges 165 whitneyi, Megalurulus 159 Wombat, Common 219 Worm-lizard, Hermite Island234 whitneyi, Pomarea 52 Wombat, Northern Hairy-nosed4 Worm-skink, Long-legged 60 whittenorum, Lentipes 87 Womersleymeria 250 wortheni, Spizella 55 widdowsoni, Typhlogarra 74 Wood-owl, Sichuan 42 worthingtoni. Harpagochromis 85 Widowbird, Jackson's 164 Wood-partridge, Bearded 34 worthingtoni, Prognathochromis 85 wiedii, Leopardus 241 Wood-partridge, Long-tailed 149 worthingtoni, Tropodiaptomus 207 Wood-pigeon, Andaman 151 wienerwaldensis, Hauffenia 1 1 Woundfin 73 wiesti. Euproserpinus 105 Wood-pigeon, Japanese 151 Woylie 129,219 wigginsi, Calostomus 75 Wood-pigeon, Nilgiri 151 Wrasse, Humphead 87 Silvery wiktori, Malacolimax 175 Wood-pigeon, 38 Wrayanna 210 Wildbeest. Cookson's 228 Wood-pigeon, Sri Lanka 38 Wren, Apolinar's 49 Wildcat, Scottish 223 Wood-quail, Black-breasted 149 Wren, Bush 181 Wildebeest, Black 130 Wood-quail, Black-fronted 149 Wren, ClariMn 49 Wildebeest, Blue 228 Wood-quail, Chestnut 149 Wren, Cobb's 49 Wildebeest, Blue & White-bearded 130 Wood-quail, Dark-backed 149 Wren, Nava's 49 Wildebeest, Eastern White-bearded228 Wood-quail, Gorgeted 35 Wren, Niceforo's 49 Wildebeest, Nyassa 228 Wood-quail, Tacarcuna 149 Wren, Socorro 158 Wildebeest. Western White-bearded228 Wood-quail, Venezuelan 149 Wren, South Island Rock 157 Wood-rail, Wilfredomys 242 Brown 36 Wren, Stephens Island 181 Wood-wren, Bar-winged 158 wilhelmina, Antechinus 193 Wren, Sumichrast's49 Woodcock, Amami 38 wilhelmina, Paraleplomys 25 Wren, Zapata 49 Woodcock, Moluccan 38 wilkawillina umbilicata, Glyptorhagada Wren-babbler, Bornean 160 239 Woodcock, Sulawesi 150 Wren-babbler, Falcated 52 Woodcreeper, Moustached45 wilkensi, Mexistenasellus 97 Wren-babbler, Large 159 woodfordi, Corvus 164 wilkesiella, Phildoria 252 Wren-babbler, Long-billed 160 woodfordi, Nesoclopeus 36 wilkinsi, Nesospiza 55 Wren-babbler, Marbled 159 Woodfordia 161 willardi obscurus, Crotalus 246 Wren-babbler, Nepal 160 woodi, Nycteris 136 williami, Cambarus 94 Wren-babbler, Rabor'sSl woodi, Trichastoma 53 williamsi, Kimminsoperla ISA Wren-babbler, Rufous-throated52 Woodnymph, Mexican 44 Wren-babbler, williamsi, Mirafra 157 Rusty-throated52 Woodpecker, Andaman 154 Wren-babbler, Williamsonia 106 Spotted 160 Woodpecker, Arabian 154 Wren-babbler, Striated 160 williamsoniana, Aeshna 106 Woodpecker, Black-bodied 154 Wren-babbler, Tawny-breasted52 willkommii, Chondrostoma lAli Woodpecker, Choco 155 Wren-babbler, Wedge-billed 160 wilmolensis, Beddomeia 1 1 Woodpecker, Ground 154 Wren-spinetail, Bay-capped 155 wilpita, Rasbora 74 Woodpecker, Guadeloupe 155 wrightae, Rheocles 78 wilsoni perkinsi, Celerio 254 Woodpecker, Helmeted 45 wrighti, Orconectes 94 wilsoni, Epixerus 142 Woodpecker, Imperial 44 wrightiana, Alasmidonta 1 10 wilsoni, Hadra 122 Woodpecker, Ivory-billed 181 wroughtoni, Otomops 13 wilsoni, Hemignalhus 56 Woodpecker, Knysna 154 Wrybill 37 wilsoni, Palaina 211 Woodpecker, Okinawa 45 wumizusume, Synthliboramphus 38 wilsoni, Palaua 215 Woodpecker, Red-cockaded45 wykehami, Lepidochrysops wimmeri, 103 Crocidura 7 Woodpecker, Red-collared 45 wykehami, Poecilmitis 103 winchelli, Todirhamphus 44 Woodpecker, Stierling's 154 Wyulda 135 Windbalea 109 Woodpecker, White-winged 154 wyvilliana. Anas 32 winifredae, Scepomycter 52 Woodpecker, Yellow-browed 155 xanthicara, Cyprinella 72 winifredae, Zosterops 54 Woodrat, Allegheny 144 xanthipes, Trogopterus 22 winkelmanni, Peromyscus 144 Woodrat, Anthony's 25 xantholaema, Serinus 57 winneckeana, Semotrachia 174 Woodrat, Bunker's 25 xantholaemus, Pycnonotus 157 wiatfoni, Hylopeles 22 Woodrat, Key Largo 233 xanthomelas, Megalagrion 106 winterae, Myrmica 101 Woodrat, Monterey Dusky-footed233 xanthomus, Agelaius 56 wintoni, Cryptochloris 5 Woodrat, San Diego Desert 233 Xanthomyza 54 wintoni, Laephotis 138 Woodrat, San Francisco Dusky-footed xanthonotus. Indicator 154 Wireae, Beddomeia 1 1 233 xanthonura, Gallicolumba 151 wwse/cnjii, Oxyeleotris 206 Woodrat, San Joaquin Valley 233 xanthophrys, Crossleyia 50 Wolf, Ethiopian 16 Woodrat, San Martin Island 25 xanthophrys, Wolf, Falklands 177 woodruffi, Ataenius 250 Pseudonestor 56 xanthops, Wolf, Grey 223, 241 Woodstar, Chilean 43 Amazona 40 Wolf, Maned 140 Woodstar, Esmeraldas 43 xanthops, Forpus 40 Wolf, Red 16 Woodstar, Little 43 xanthopterus, Takifiigu 207 wolffsohni, Lagidium 145 Woodstar, Magenta-throated 153 xanthopus celeris, Petrogale 220 wo//i, Aramides 36 woodwardi, Amytomis 158 xanthopus xanthopus, Petrogale 220 wo//(, Bulimulus 126 Woolly Flying Squirrel 22 xanthopus, Petrogale 135 wollastoni, Hipposideros 137 woosnami, Zelotomys 242 xanthosternos, Cebus 15 wollastoni, Leptaxis 125 woottoni, Streptocephalus 91 Xantholis 162 wollerecki, Paratherina 78 worcesteri, Tumix 35 xanlippe, Crocidura 7 Xantusia

366 93 65

61 >iavc>'ame/ii(j, Leptogomphus 107 Zebra, Cape Mountain 225 61 XANTUSIIDAE Yellow-blossom 255 zefera, Cephalophus 21 xederoides. Throscodectes 109 Yellow-finch, Citron-headed 163 zebra, Equus 19 XENARTHRA 5, 136, 193 Yeilowbrow, Madagascar 50 Zebra, Grevy's 19 Xenerpesles 155 Yellowfish, Clanwilliam 71 Zebra, Mountain 19 XENICIDAE 157, 181 Yellowfish, Largemouth 71 zefcra, Perdicella 188 Xenicus 157, 181 Yellowhead 51 zebratus, Galaxias 168 Xenocalamus 200 Yellowthroat, Altamira 163 Zebrilus 147 Xenocopsychus 161 Yellowthroat, Belding's55 zebrina, Eua \TI Yellowthroat, Xenodacnis 163 Black-polled 56 zebrina, Mautodontha 190 xenodactylus, Leptopelis 66 yemanjae, Attheyella 132 zebrina, Perdicella 188 yerelinana, Xenodiscula 216 Lacustrelix 173 zebroides, Conus 120 yersini, Xenoglaux 153 Garrutax 50 zcc/!i, Cryptomys 145 Xenoligea 56 j'eroenjM, Myotis 13 zeehanensis, Beddomeia 1 1 yessabahensis, Xenomys 145 Coenocharopa 214 zeidleri, Calamoecia 91 Xenoophorus 80 ywjoenj/i, Emberiza 162 zeidleri, Fonscochlea 173 Xenoperdix 35 yigara, Euastacus 96 zeidlerorum, Jardinella 1 1 Xenopirostris 49 yildizae, Thestar 104 zelandica, Aplonis 164 yilongensis. Xenopoecilus 81 Cyprinus 183 zelichi, Sporophila 55 Xenops, Great 45 yinnietharra, Ctenophorus 59 Zelotomys 242 xenopterus, Laterallus 36 ylikiensis, Rutilus 203 Zelotypia 252 Xenopus 67 yniphora, Geochelone 65 Zermcrhopterus 243 Xenomis 46 yorbalindae, Trigonoscuta 185 Zenaida 180 xeno5, Strumigenys 102 yosemitensis yosemitensis, Monadenia Zenarchopterus 205 Xenospingus 55 239 Zenitanago, Suigen 236 yoshiwarana, Xenospiza 55 Ogasawarana 112 zenithicus, Coregonus 77 youngi, xenostoma, Prognathochromis 185 Peltotrupes 250 Zenkerella 145 youngi, Sinployea 190 xenothorax, Leptasthenura 45 zenkeri, Idiurus 145 yo'ingineri, Xenolriccus 156 Distocambarus 94 zerda, Fennecus 195 ypiranganus, Xenuromys 145 Emberizoides 162 zeregiifahirae, Phoxinellus 236 Ypthima 254 Xerarionta 125 zeregii meandri, Phoxinellus 236 Yssichromis 86, 185 xerces, Glaucopsyche 186 zeregii, Phoxinellus 168 Yuhina, Burmese 161 Xeromys 27 zerene behrensii, Speyeria 253 /w/ima 161 xerophila, Marmosa 3 zerene hippolyta, Speyeria 253 yunanensis, Rhinolophus Xerosecta 175 137 zerene myrtleae, Speyeria 253 yunnanensis, Cuora 200 xiangxensis, Triplophysa 75 zetides, Battus 105 yunnanensis, Sitta 53 xiphares desmondi, Charaxes 253 zeylanicus, Pycnonotus 48 yunnanensis, Tor 74 xiphares xiphares, Charaxes 253 zeylanicus, Suncus 8 Yunnanilus 75 Xiphias 207, 236 z/!OU(, Cuora 200 ywivonoi, Geoemyda 200 xiphidium, Palaina 211 zibellina brachyura, Martes 224 zabelini, Chalepoxenus 100 XIPHIIDAE 207, 236 zibethicus ripensis, Orulatra 233 zacatecae, Reithrodontomys 145 Xiphirhynchus 161 ziczac, Agarodes 255 Xiphocolaptes 45 Zaedyus 193 Ziege 202 Xipholena 46 Zaglossus 3 ziegleri, Chilostoma 215 Xiphophorus 80, 205 Zaharensis, Trochoidea 126 zigzac ponapense, Pleuropoma 238 Zaisanicus, Harapgoxenus xiphos, Throscodectes 109 100 zigzac zigzac, Pleuropoma 238 XIPHOSURA 171,209 Zaitzeva 249 Zilchogyra 125 Xolmis 156 Zaleskyi, Epimyrma 100 zimmeri, Crocidura 7 xyleborus, Semperdon 214 Zalophus 224 zimmeri, Synallaxis 45 Xylotoles 185 zamicrus, Nesophontes 177 zimmermanni, Crocidura 1 xynoelictum, Aphaostracon 114 zammaranoi, Uegitglanis 76 Zingel 84 Xyrauchen 75 zanandreai, Lethenteron 69 zingel, Zingel 84 Xyrichtys 87 Zander, Volga 206 Zinge/ 84 Xystichromis 86, 185 zanzibaricus, Galago 139 Zingis 125 yaguarondi cacomitli, Herpailurus 223 zapahuirensis, Telmatobius 201 zinseri, Pappogeomys 142 zapallarensis, Liolaemus 199 Yak, Wild 20 zionis, Physella 1 1 yaleogyna, Kyidris 100 zappeyi, Paradoxornis 51 ZIPHIIDAE 130, 196 yammerana, Kimboraga Ml Zaprochilus 109 ZipftiUi 197 yanacensis, Leptasthenura 155 Zapu.5 232, 242 zoe, Paraphlebia 107 yanoshigehumii, Chamalychaeus 213 zaratei, Helicella 174 Zona 78, 183,204,205 Zaratornis 47 Yaqui, Bagre de 75 zonata, Spekia 1 1 Yaqui, Trucha de 247 zarhynchus, Peromyscus 26 zonatus, Bostrichthys 206 yarkandensis, Lepus 146 zarudnyi, Meriones 25 Zonerodius 147 yarrellii, Carduelis 56 zaslictus, Ctenotus 60 zongolicensis, Rhamdia 76 yarrellii, Eulidia 43 Zavattariomis 58 Zonites 175 yatesii, Ammonitella 126 zealandicus, Cyanoramphus 181 ZONITIDAE 128, 175,217 yayeyamensis, Asiagomphus 107 zeira zebra, Equus 225 Zonitoides 128

367 Zonocypretla 97 Zorro, Sechuran 195 zujarensis, Helicella 174 Zoothera 53. 161, 181, 199, 242 Zorro, Small-eared 195 zuliae, Phrynops 62 zophonastes, Cambarus 94 zoserka, Cardiocondyla 100 zullichi, Agriades 102 Zoraena Wf, Zospeum 113 zuluensis, Streptocephalus 9\ 255 ZORAPTERA zosterae, Hippocampus 82 zusii, Heliangelus 43 Zoroapteran, Swezey's 255 Zosterisessor 207 ZYGAENIDAE 187 ZOROTYPIDAE 255 ZOSTEROPIDAE 53, 161, 181, 199, 242 Zygogeomys 23 Zorotypus 255 Zosterops 53, 54, 161, 162, 181, 199. 242 zyli. Crypiochloris 5 Zorro, Grey 241 Zubovskia 108 Zyzomvs ^7 Zorro, Hoary 195

368 Annex 1 Key to Source Codes

The superscript numbers printed next to the status cate- 23 Blair. D.

gory (or next to the species name in the case of Lists 2, 24 Bogan, A.E. 25 Bogan, A.E. Seddon, M.B. 3 and 5, which each contain species in a single category) & 26 Bouchet, P. refer to the person or group responsible for the final cat- 27 Bouchet. P. & Cosel, R. von egory designation. The sources are listed below. Most 28 Bouchet, P. & Ripken, T. assessments have been made by members or associates 29 Bouchet, P. & Seddon, M.B. of an lUCN/SSC Specialist Group (the identity of which 30 Branch. W.R. will usually be clear from the taxonomic context). The 31 Breuil, M. list cites one individual in cases where the assessment has 32 Breuil. M. & Day, M. explicitly been carried out largely or entirely by one per- 33 Brown, D.S. son (rarely up to three persons are named), or cites the 34 Brown, D.S. & Griffiths, 0.

Specialist Group title where the assessment has explicitly 35 Bruce, B. & Last. P. been a group activity. The personnel involved in that 36 Canid Specialist Group group can be determined from the current Membership 37 Caprinae Specialist Group 38 Carrington, C.M.S., Evans, G. & Horrocks, J. Directory. 39 Carter, R.L. & Hayes. W.K. In many cases, while not being responsible for the sta- 40 Cat Specialist Group tus category assessment, other individuals or organiza- 41 Cetacean Specialist Group tions have contributed key information on status, trends, 42 Chiroptera Specialist Group distribution. to specify taxonomy or We have attempted 43 Clark, D. all of these in the acknowledgements section. Much tax- 44 Clark, D. & Naggs, F. onomic and distribution information has been derived 45 Cole, G. from the WCMC animals database, to which many 46 Compagno. L. sources have contributed over many years. 47 Compagno, L. & Cook, S. 48 Contreras, L.

Acero, A. 49 Contreras-Balderas, S. & Almada-Villela, P. African Elephant Specialist Group 50 Conyers, J. & Wingate. D. African Rhino Specialist Group 51 Cook, S. & Zorzi, G. Alberts, A. & Perera. A. 52 Cowie, R.H. & Pokryseko, B. Allen, G. 53 Cowie, R.H. Crandall, K.A. Alonso, R. & Ibanez, M. 54 American Fisheries Society Endangered 55 Crocodile Specialist Group Species Committee 56 Davis, G.S. Amori, G. 57 Day, M. Tolson, P. Antelope Specialist Group 58 Day, M. & Deer Specialist 10 Asian Elephant Specialist Group 59 Group Dutton, J. 11 Asian Rhino Specialist Group 60 61 Edentate Specialist Group 12 Asian Wild Cattle Specialist Group Eldredge, L.G. 13 Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme 62 63 Emberton, K.C. Specialist Group Equid Specialist Group 14 Australasian Reptile & Amphibian 64 65 European Reptile Amphibian Specialist Group & Specialist Group 15 Baillie, J. Finet, 16 Beaman, K.R. 66 Y 67 Foster, G. 17 Bear Specialist Group 68 Fowler, S. 18 Bellamy, C.L. & Endrody-Younga, S.

69 Fowler, S. & Musick , J. 19 Benzie, J. 70 Frias-Martin, A. 20 Bills, R. 71 Gasgoigne, A. 21 BirdLife International 72 George, S. 22 Bison Specialist Group

Annex 1 73 Gerber, G. 130 Pangolin Specialist Group 74 Gibson, R. 131 Pearce-Kelly, P. 75 Gimenez-Dixon, M. 132 Pearson, O. 76 Goodyear, N. 133 Perez. A.M. 77 Griffiths, H.I. 134 Pethiyagoda, R. 78 Griffiths. 0. 135 Pigs & Peccaries Specialist Group 79 Haase, M. 136 Polar Bear Specialist Group 80 Haddad. C.F.B. 137 Ponder, W.F. & Varman, R. 81 Hadfield, M. & Hadway, L. 138 Ponder, W.F. 82 Hafner, D. 139 Ponder. W.F. & Slack-Smith, S. 83 Hamer, M. 140 Ponder. W.F. & Smith, B,

84 Hare. J. 141 Ponder, W.F. & Stanisic, J 85 Harrison, D. 142 Preece, R.C. 86 Heaney, L. 143 Primate Specialist Group

87 Heller, J. 144 Punt, A. 88 Henderson. R. 145 Reid, J.W. 89 Hippo Specialist Group 146 Rentz. D.C.F. 90 Hounsome. M. 147 Roberts. C. 91 Huntsman, G. 148 Rodent Specialist Group 92 Hyaena Specialist Group 149 Roth. B. 93 Hyrax Specialist Group 150 Sadovy. Y. 94 Ihffe, T.M. 151 Safina. C.

95 Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group 152 Schembri. P.J. 96 Insectivore Specialist Group 153 Seal Specialist Group 97 Kaufman, L. 154 Seddon. M.B. 98 Kessner, V. 155 Seddon, M.B. & Solem. A. 99 Kessner. V. & Ponder, W.F. 156 Sherley, G. 100 Kilbum, R.N. 157 Sirenia Specialist Group

101 Kottelat, M. 158 Skelton, P. 102 Kurczewski, F.E. 159 Sket, B.

103 Kuzmin, S.L. 160 Slack-Smith, S. 104 Lagomorph Specialist Group 161 Smith, B.

105 Lepidoptera Specialist Group 162 Sobel, J. 106 Madagascar Reptile & Amphibian 163 Social Insects Specialist Group Specialist Group 164 South American Camelid Specialist Group

107 Maeda-Martinez, A.M. 165 Stanisic, J.

108 Mansur. M.C.D. 166 Starmiihlner, F.

109 Marine Turtle Specialist Group 167 Steffek, J. 110 Markezich, A.L. 168 Stiassny, M. HI McAllister, D. 169 Straeten, E. van der 112 McCance, E. 170 Sturgeon Specialist Group 113 McDowall, R.M. & Simons, M. 171 Tapir Specialist Group

114 Mitchell. J. 172 Tattersfield, P. 115 Mollusc Specialist Group 173 Tchabovsky, A.

116 Musick, J. 174 Tolson, P. 117 Mustelid Specialist Group 175 Tomiyama, K. 118 Mylonas, M. 176 Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group 119 Mylonas, M. & Seddon, M.B. 177 Uozumi, Y. 120 Nellis, D. 178 Vincent, A. 121 New Worid Marsupial Specialist Group 179 Wager, R. 122 New, T.R. 180 Wai, H.

123 Odonata Specialist Group 181 Wells, S. 124 Odum. R.A. 182 Wiewandt, T. 125 Orthopteroid Specialist Group 183 Winter, A. J. de 126 Ottenwalder, J. 184 Wolf Specialist Group 127 Otter Specialist Group 185 World Conservation Monitoring Centre 128 Palazzi, S. 186 Wuster, W. 129 Palazzi, S. & Ripken, T. 999 source unknown

Annex 2 .

Annex 2 The lUCN Red List Categories

Preamble derived from a wide review aimed at detecting risk factors across the broad range of organisms and the diverse The following points present important information on life histories they exhibit. Even though some criteria will the use and interpretation of the categories (= Critically be inappropriate for certain taxa(some taxa will never Endangered, Endangered, etc.), criteria (= A to E), and qualify under these however close to extinction they sub-criteria (= a, b etc., i, ii etc.): come), there should be criteria appropriate for assessing threat levels for any taxon (other than micro-organisms).

1 Taxonomic Level and Scope The relevant factor is whether any one criterion is met, of the Categorization Process not whether all are appropriate or all are met. Because it

The criteria can be applied to any taxonomic unit at or will never be clear which criteria are appropriate for a below the species level. The term "taxon" in the follow- particular species in advance, each species should be ing notes, definitions and criteria is used for convenience, evaluated against all the criteria, and any criterion met and may represent species or lower taxonomic levels, should be hsted. including forms that are not yet formally described.

There is a sufficient range among the different criteria to 4. Derivation of Quantitative Criteria enable the appropriate listing of taxa from the complete The quantitative values presented in the various criteria taxonomic spectrum, with the exception of micro-organ- associated with threatened categories were developed isms. The criteria may also be applied within any speci- through wide consultation and they are set at what are fied geographical or political area although in such cases generally judged to be appropriate levels, even if no for- special notice should be taken of point 1 1 below. In pre- mal justification for these values exists. The levels for senting the results of applying the criteria, the taxonomic different criteria within categories were set independently unit and area under consideration should be made but against a common standard. Some broad consistency explicit. The categorization process should only be between them was sought. However, a given taxon applied to wUd populations inside their natural range, and should not be expected to meet all criteria (A-E) in a cat- to populations resulting from benign introductions egory; meeting any one criterion is sufficient for listing. (defined in the draft lUCN Guidelines for Reintro- ductions as "..an attempt to establish a species, for the purpose of conservation, outside its recorded distribution, 5. Implications of Listing but within an appropriate habitat and eco-geographical Listing in the categories of Not Evaluated and Data area"). Deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made, though for different reasons. Until such

time as an assessment is made, species listed in these cat- 2. Nature of the Categories egories should not be treated as if they were non-threat- All taxa listed as Critically Endangered qualify for ened, and it may be appropriate (especially for Data Vulnerable and Endangered, and all listed as Endangered Deficient forms) to give them the same degree of pro- qualify for Vulnerable. Together these categories are tection as threatened taxa, at least until their status can described as "threatened". The threatened species cate- be evaluated. gories form a part of the overall scheme. It will be possible to place all taxa into one of the categories (see Extinction is assumed here to be a chance process. Thus, Figure 1). a listing in a higher extinction risk category implies a higher expectation of extinction, and over the time-

3. Role of the Different Criteria frames specified more taxa listed in a higher category to extinct in For lisring as Critically Endangered, Endangered or are expected go than a lower one (without effective conservation action). However, the persistence Vulnerable there is a range of quantitative criteria; meet- taxa in risk categories not necessarily ing any one of these criteria qualifies a taxon for listing at of some high does that level of threat. Each species should be evaluated mean their initial assessment was inaccurate. against all the criteria. The different criteria (A-E) are

Annex 3 -Extinct

-Extinct in the Wild

-Critically Endangered

- (Ttireatened) - -Endangered

-Vulnerable _ (Adequate _ data) Conservation Dependent

-Lower Risk - -Near Threatened

- Least Concern -(Evaluated) —

-Data Deficient

-Not Evaluated

Figure 1 . Structure of the Categories.

6. Data Quality and the Importance ties. Given that data are rarely available for the whole of Inference and Projection range or population of a taxon, it may often be appropri- The criteria are clearly quantitative in nature. However, ate to use the information that is available to make intel- the absence of high quality data should not deter attempts ligent inferences about the overall status of the taxon in at applying the criteria, as methods involving estima- question. In cases where a wide variation in estimates is tion, inference and projection are emphasized to be found, it is legitimate to apply the precautionary principle acceptable throughout. Inference and projection may be and use the estimate (providing it is credible) that leads based on extrapolation of current or potential threats into to listing in the category of highest risk. the future (including their rate of change), or of factors related to population abundance or distribution (includ- Where data are insufficient to assign a category (including dependence on other taxa), so long as these can rea- ing Lower Risk), the category of "Data Deficient" may sonably be supported. Suspected or inferred patterns in be assigned. However, it is important to recognize that either the recent past, present or near future can be based this category indicates that data are inadequate to deter- on any of a series of related factors, and these factors mine the degree of threat faced by a taxon, not necessarily should be specified. that the taxon is poorly known. In cases where there are

evident threats to a taxon through, for example, deterio-

Taxa at risk from threats posed by future events of low ration of its only known habitat, it is important to attempt probability but with severe consequences (catastrophes) threatened listing, even though there may be little direct should be identified by the criteria (e.g. small distribu- information on the biological status of the taxon itself. tions, few locations). Some threats need to be identified The category "Data Deficient" is not a threatened cate- particularly early, and appropriate actions taken, because gory, although it indicates a need to obtain more infor- their effects are irreversible, or nearly so (pathogens, mation on a taxon to determine the appropriate listing. invasive organisms, hybridization).

8. Conservation Actions in the Listing Process 7. Uncertainty The criteria for the threatened categories are to be applied The criteria should be applied on the basis of the avail- to a taxon whatever the level of conservation action

able evidence on taxon numbers, trend and distribution, affecting it. In cases where it is only conservation action making due allowance for statistical and other uncertain- that prevents the taxon from meeting the threatened cri-

Annex 4 .

teria, the designation of "conservation dependent" is because they are at the margins of their global range. appropriate. It is important to emphasize here that a lUCN is still in the process of developing guidelines for taxon require conservation action even if it is not listed as the use of national red list categories. threatened.

12. Re-evaluation 9. Documentation Evaluation of taxa against the criteria should be carried

All taxon lists including categorization resulting from out at appropriate intervals. This is especially important these criteria should state the criteria and sub-criteria that for taxa listed under near threatened, or conservation were met. No listing can be accepted as valid unless at dependent, and for threatened species whose status is least one criterion is given. If more than one criterion or known or suspected to be deteriorating. sub-criterion was met, then each should be listed. However, failure to mention a criterion should not nec- 13. Transfer between Categories essarily imply that it was not met. Therefore, if a re-eval- There are rules to govern the movement of taxa between uation indicates that the documented criterion is no categories. These are as follows: (A) A taxon may be longer met, this should not result in automatic down-list- moved from a category of higher threat to a category of ing. Instead, the taxon should be re-evaluated with lower threat if none of the criteria of the higher category respect to all criteria to indicate its status. The factors has been met for 5 years or more. (B ) If the original clas- responsible for triggering the criteria, especially where sification is found to have been erroneous, the taxon may inference and projection are used, should at least be be transferred to the appropriate category or removed logged by the evaluator, even if they cannot be included from the threatened categories altogether, without delay in published lists. (but see Section 9). (C) Transfer from categories of lower to higher risk should be made without delay. 10. Threats and Priorities

The category of threat is not necessarily sufficient to 14. Problems of Scale determine priorities for conservation action. The category Classification based on the sizes of geographic ranges or of threat simply provides an assessment of the likelihood the patterns of habitat occupancy is complicated by prob- of extinction under current circumstances, whereas a sys- lems of spatial scale. The finer the scale at which the dis- tem for assessing priorities for action will include numer- tributions or habitats of taxa are mapped, the smaller will ous other factors concerning conservation action such as be the area that they are found to occupy. Mapping at costs, logistics, chances of success, and even perhaps finer scales reveals more areas in which the taxon is the taxonomic distinctiveness of the subject. unrecorded. It is impossible to provide any strict but general rules for mapping taxa or habitats; the most appro-

1 1 Use at Regional Level priate scale will depend on the taxa in question, and the The criteria are most appropriately applied to whole taxa origin and comprehensiveness of the distributional data. at a global scale, rather than to those units defined by However, the thresholds for some criteria (e.g. Critically regional or national boundaries. Regionally or nationally Endangered) necessitate mapping at a fine scale. based threat categories, which are aimed at including taxa that are threatened at regional or national levels (but Definitions not necessarily throughout their global ranges), are best used with two key pieces of information: the global sta- 1. Population tus category for the taxon, and the proportion of the Population is defined as the total number of individuals global population or range that occurs within the region of the taxon. For functional reasons, primarily owing to or nation. However, if applied at regional or national differences between life-forms, population numbers are level it must be recognized that a global category of expressed as numbers of mature individuals only. In the threat may not be the same as a regional or national cat- case of taxa obligately dependent on other taxa for all or egory for a particular taxon. For example, taxa classi- part of their life cycles, biologically appropriate values fied as Vulnerable on the basis of their global declines for the host taxon should be used. in numbers or range might be Lower Risk within a particular region where their populations are stable. Conversely, taxa classified as Lower Risk globally might 2. Subpopulations be Critically Endangered within a particular region Subpopulations are defined as geographically or other- where numbers are very small or declining, perhaps only wise distinct groups in the population between which

Annex 5 there is little exchange (typically one successful migrant

individual or gamete per year or less).

3. Mature Individuals • • The number of mature individuals is defined as the num- '\\ ber of individuals known, estimated or infeiTed to be ••• capable of reproduction. When estimating this quantity the following points should be borne in mind:

• Where the population is characterized by natural fluctuations the minimum number should be used.

• This measure is intended to count individuals capable of reproduction and should therefore exclude

individuals that are environmentally, behaviorally

or otherwise reproductively suppressed in the wild.

• In the case of populations with biased adult or breed-

ing sex ratios it is appropriate to use lower estimates

for the number of mature individuals which take this '»' 7^^ F W^ into account (e.g. the estimated effective population ^^ • size). A< * 1 • Reproducing units within a clone should be counted W_-ir ^-^ as individuals, except where such units are unable to

survive alone (e.g. corals).

Figure 2. Two examples of the distinction between extent • In the case of taxa that naturally lose all or a of occurrence and area of occupancy, (a) is the spatial subset of mature individuals at point in their some distribution of known, inferred or projected sites of occurrence, life cycle, the estimate should be made at the appro- (b) shows one possible boundary to the extent of occurrence, priate time, when mature individuals are available which is the measured area within this boundary, (c) shows for breeding. one measure of area of occupancy which can be measured by the sum of the occupied grid squares.

4. Generation Generation may be measured as the average age of parents in the population. This is greater than the age at interpreted as part of a natural fluctuation unless there is first breeding, except in taxa where individuals breed good evidence for this. Downward trends that are part only once. of natural fluctuations will not normally count as a reduction. 5. Continuing Decline

A continuing decline is a recent, current or projected 7. Extreme Fluctuations future decline whose causes are not known or not ade- Extreme fluctuations occur in a number of taxa where quately controlled and so is liable to continue unless population size or distribution area varies widely, rapidly remedial measures are taken. Natural fluctuations will and frequently, typically with a variation greater than one not normally count as a continuing decline, but an order of magnitude (i.e., a tenfold increase or decrease). observed decline should not be considered to be part of a natural fluctuation unless there is evidence for this. 8. Severely Fragmented

Severely fragmented is refers to the situation where 6. Reduction increased extinction risks to the taxon result from the fact A reduction (criterion A) is a decline in the number of that most individuals within a taxon are found in small mature individuals of at least the amount (%) stated over and relatively isolated subpopulations. These small sub- the time period (years) specified, although the decline populations may go extinct, with a reduced probability of need not still be continuing. A reduction should not be recolonization.

Annex 6 . s

9. Extent of Occurrence The Categories Extent of occurrence is defined as the area contained within the shortest continuous imaginary boundary Note: As in previous lUCN categories, the abbreviation which can be drawn to encompass all the known, inferred of eacli category (in parenthesis) follows the English or projected sites of present occurrence of a taxon. denominations when translated into other languages. excluding cases of vagrancy. This measure may exclude discontinuities or disjunctions within the overall distrib- Extinct (EX) utions of taxa (e.g., large areas of obviously unsuitable A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that habitat) (but see "area of occupancy"). Extent of occur- the last individual has died. rence can often be measured by a minimum convex polygon (the smallest polygon in which no internal angle exceeds 180 degrees and which contains all the sites of Extinct in the Wild (EW) occurrence). A taxon is Extinct in the wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A 10. Area of Occupancy taxon is presumed extinct in the wild when exhaustive Area of occupancy is defined as the area within its surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropri- "extent of occurrence" (see definitionj which is occupied ate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its his- by a taxon, excluding cases of vagrancy. The measure toric range have failed to record an individual. Surveys reflects the fact that a taxon will not usually occur should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon' throughout the area of its extent of occurrence, which hfe cycle and life form. may, for example, contain unsuitable habitats. The area of occupancy is the smallest area essential at any stage to the survival of existing populations of a taxon (e.g. Critically Endangered (CR) colonial nesting sites, feeding sites for migratory taxa). A taxon is Critically Endangered when it is facing an The size of the area of occupancy will be a function of extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the imme- the scale at which it is measured, and should be at a scale diate future, as defined by any of the criteria (A to E) on appropriate to relevant biological aspects of the taxon. pages 15, 16 and 17. The criteria include values in km-, and thus to avoid errors in classification, the area of occupancy should be Endangered (EN) measured on grid squares (or equivalents) which are suf- A taxon is Endangered when it is not Critically ficiently small (see Figure 2). Endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction

in the wild in the near future, as defined by any of the cri- 11. Location teria (A to E) on pages 17 and 18. Location defines a geographically or ecologically distinct

(e.g. will soon area in which a single event pollution) Vulnerable (VU) affect all individuals of the taxon present. A location A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically usually, but not always, contains all or part of a subpop- Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of ulation of the taxon, and is typically a small proportion of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future, as the taxon' s total distribution. defined by any of the criteria (A to D) on pages 19, 20

and 2 1

12. Quantitative Analysis of A quantitative analysis is defined here as the technique Lower Risk (LR) population viability analysis (PVA), or any other quan- A taxon is Lower Risk when it has been evaluated, does titative form of analysis, which estimates the extinction not satisfy the criteria for any of the categories Critically probability of a taxon or population based on the known Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Taxa included life history and specified management or non-manage- in the Lower Risk category can be separated into three presenting the results of quantitative ment options. In subcategories: analyses the structural equations and the data should be explicit. 1. Conservation dependent (cd). Taxa which are the focus of a continuing taxon-specific or habitat- specitlc conservation program targeted towards the

Annex 7 .

taxon in question, the cessation of which would (a) direct observation result in the taxon qualifying for one of the threat- (b) an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon ened categories above within a period of five years. (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat 2. Near threatened (nt). Taxa which do not qualify (d) actual or potential levels of exploitation for conservation dependent, but which are close to (e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization, qualifying for Vulnerable. pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.

3. Least concern (Ic). Taxa which do not qualify for

conservation dependent or near threatened. 2. A reduction of at least 80%, projected or suspected to be met within the next ten years or three genera-

tions, whichever is the longer, based on (and specify- Data Deficient (DD) ing) any of (b), (c), (d) or (e) above. A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate infor-

mation to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk

of extinction based on its distribution and/or population B. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and 100 km- or area of occupancy estimated to be less its biology well known, but appropriate data on abun- than 10 km-, and estimates indicating any two of dance and/or distribution is lacking. Data Deficient is the following: therefore not a category of threat or Lower Risk. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information 1. Severely fragmented or known to exist at only a is required and acknowledges the possibility that future single location. research will show that threatened classification is appro-

priate. It is important to make positive use of whatever 2. Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, data are available. In many cases great care should be in any of the following: exercised in choosing between DD and threatened status.

If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively cir- (a) extent of occurrence cumscribed, if a considerable period of time has elapsed (b) area of occupancy since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may (c) area, extent and/or quality of habitat well be justified. (d) number of locations or subpopulations (e) number of mature individuals.

Not Evaluated (NE) 3. Extreme fluctuations in any of the following: A taxon is Not Evaluated when it is has not yet been

assessed against the criteria. (a) extent of occurrence (b) area of occupancy (c) number of locations or subpopulations The Criteria for Critically Endangered, (d) number of mature individuals. Endangered and Vulnerable

Critically Endangered (CR) C. Population estimated to number less than 250 mature individuals and either: A taxon is Critically Endangered when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the imme- 1 An estimated continuing decline of at least diate future, as defined by any of the following criteria (A 25% toE): within 3 years or one generation, whichever is longer or

A. Population reduction in the form of either of the following: 2. A continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred, in numbers of mature individuals and population structure in 1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected the form of either: reduction of at least 80% over the last 10 years or (a) severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation three generations, whichever is the longer, based estimated to contain more than 50 mature on (and specifying) any of the following: individuals)

(b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation.

Annex 8 . .

D. Population estimated to number less than 50 3. Extreme fluctuations in any of the following: mature individuals. (a) extent of occurrence (b) area of occupancy (c) number of locations or subpopulations E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability of (d) number of mature individuals. extinction in the wild is at least 50% within 10

years or 3 generations, whichever is the longer.

C. Population estimated to number less than 2,500 mature individuals and either: Endangered (EN)

A taxon is Endangered when it is not Critically 1 An estimated continuing decline of at least 20% Endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction within 5 years or 2 generations, whichever is in the wild in the near future, as defined by any of the fol- longer, or lowing criteria (A to E):

2. A continuing decline, observed, projected, or A. Population reduction in the form of either of inferred, in numbers of mature individuals and the following: population structure in the form of either:

1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected (a) severely fi-agmented (i.e. no subpopulation reduction of at least 50% over the last 10 years or estimated to contain more than 250 mature

three generations, whichever is the longer, based individuals)

on (and specifying) any of the following: (b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation.

(a) direct observation (b) an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon D. Population estimated to number less than 250 (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occur- mature individuals. rence and/or quality of habitat (d) actual or potential levels of exploitation

(e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization, E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability of pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites. extinction in the wild is at least 20% within 20

years or 5 generations, whichever is the longer. 2. A reduction of at least 50%, projected or suspected to be met within the next ten years or three genera-

tions, whichever is the longer, based on (and specify- Vulnerable (VU) ing) any of (b), (c), (d) or (e) above. A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically

Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future, as B. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than defined by any of the following criteria (A to E): 5000 km^ or area of occupancy estimated to be less than 500 km^, and estimates indicating any A. Population reduction in the form of either of two of the following: the following:

1 Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more 1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected than five locations. reduction of at least 20% over the last 10 years or

three generations, whichever is the longer, based 2. Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected, on (and specifying) any of the following: in any of the following: (a) direct observation (a) extent of occurrence (b) an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon (b) area of occupancy (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occur- (c) area, extent and/or quality of habitat rence and/or quality of habitat (d) number of locations or subpopulations (d) actual or potential levels of exploitation (e) number of mature individuals. (e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization,

pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.

Annex 9 .

2. A reduction of at least 20%, projected or suspected A continuing decline, observed, projected, or to be met within the next ten years or three genera- inferred, in numbers of mature individuals and

tions, whichever is the longer, based on (and specify- population structure in the form of either

ing) any of (b), (cj, (d) or (e) above. (a) severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 1,000 mature individuals) B. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than (b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation. 20,000 km^ or area of occupancy estimated to be less than 2,000 km-, and estimates indicating any two of the following: D. Population very small or restricted in the form of either of the following: 1 Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than ten locations. 1. Population estimated to number less than 1,000 mature individuals. 2. Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected, in any of the following: 2. Population is characterized by an acute restriction in

(a) extent of occurrence its area of occupancy (typically less than 100 km-)

(b) area of occupancy or in the number of locations (typically less than 5). (c) area, extent and/or quality of habitat Such a taxon would thus be prone to the effects of (d) number of locations or subpopulations human activities (or stochastic events whose impact

(e) number of mature individuals. is increased by human activities) within a very short

period of time in an unforeseeable future, and is thus 3. Extreme fluctuations in any of the following: capable of becoming Critically Endangered or even Extinct in a very short period. (a) extent of occurrence (b) area of occupancy (c) number of locations or subpopulations E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability (d) number of mature individuals. of extinction in the wild is at least 10% within 100 years.

C. Population estimated to number less than 10,000 mature individuals and either:

1 . An estimated continuing decline of at least 10%

within 10 years or 3 generations, whichever is longer, or

Annex 10 Previous Editions of the WCN Red List of Threatened Animals

1986 WCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Compiled by the lUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. lUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 105 pp.

1988 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Compiled by the lUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. Guest Essay by B. Wilcox. lUCN, Gland, Switzeriand. 154 pp.

1990 WCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Compiled by the Worid Conservation Monitoring Centre. Guest Essay by N. Flesness and T. Foose. lUCN, Gland, Switzeriand. 192 pp.

1994 WCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Compiled by the Worid Conservation Monitoring Centre. Edited by B. Groombridge. Guest Essay by G. Mace. lUCN, Gland, Switzeriand. 286 pp. iUCN/Species Survival Commission

i he Species Survival Commission (SSC) is one of six volunteer commissions of lUCN—The

"• ' ' .' ' '' . ' . I ]t - I ( I -' ' ' f' I .''! 1 It I (' f , I 1 1' World Mil ' I' 1 iv

I of tfie

' ,;. ;iu. i,,.;ill.,. ii,.;i.:,i. :;:..v;i,.i,i,.. .i.i. i..,i;tl ;!..„ :„ Jul lu II i J WISe, lie way. and to guide Ifie development of human communities are both of good qualify and in endunng harmony with other com-

rni'ilinn iq tn rnn«;orvo hinloqir:.!! rlluprsity by developing and executing programs s and their habitats. A volunteer network

^rt rtr-,-.!- ''l\',^

resources to governments, international conventions, and conservation organizatlon^.

The Red Data Book concept was originated by a former SSC Chair, Sir Peter Scoti, in the ' "' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " 'i'd with

I I • " I' • I'll , I : , I'll , "I ! , iiirij ) , nil ..viiMhlc Tli(>

t^n outstandingly successful and. flu iter, many national, h I'd Data Books d ' r- '-fv- p-'~i->vr) (vumy muit! countries are in the p(u^.^!^^.

'ir own lists of v.

The demand for a simple international list that categorizes the status of globally threatened

iwing, partly as a result of the increasing number of international conventions. It "•' ... lu iiieet this need tfui* t" t lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals was published in I'iMii Further editions wi hod in 1988. 1990. and 1994

Late in 1994, lUCN adopted a new system of catoQorios of threat, the 1996 lUCN Rod List ofTIv its first full •setofcnl.

"""" ,.ii ^c tiv ,ii.t '• :• ' .i ;i.it;,ii..(iiiig them. ,

1 has Involved nearly 1.01 o

ing document.

Although the length of the Red List Is sobering, the information it presents is of fundamental

III I ' Managers, and decision makers responsible for the health and well being

lUCN >b%ia The Worid Conservation Union s PECiEs Survival Commission CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL