Glan Gors Case Study Ty^ Unnos

September 2013

GlanTy^ Unnos Gors Home-growncase timber study in construction

Glan Gors is a development of four semi-detached properties made up of two Ty Unnos modular system buildings, built to meet local Evaluatinghousing needs. It is 40 years since the last social houses were built in the village of Dolwyddelan. The homes were Tyconstructed UNNOS for, and owned by, MODULAR™ Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd, a social housing landlord. Each is factory-made from locally grown timber and consists of two modules, an upper and ground floor, with roof section. This development was designed to meet the Code for Sustainable Homes Level 4 standard. April 2014 Evaluating Ty UNNOS MODULAR™

1 background Coed Cymru was set up in 1985 as an all-Wales initiative to promote sustainable woodland management and the use of locally grown timber. It is a partnership of public, private, academic and third sector bodies working through the charity Coed Cymru Cyf.

‘Improve the Supply Chain for Low value Welsh Timber’ is a Coed Cymru project that is funded through the Rural Development Plan for Wales 2007-2013 which is funded by the Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development.

The Severn Wye Energy Agency (Severn Wye EA) set up in 1999, is an independent charity and not-for-profit company which aims to promote sustainable energy and affordable warmth through partnership, awareness-raising, innovation and strategic action. In 2012 it became a partner in the SUSTAINCO project which is co-funded by the European Union under the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme (Contract No. IEE/11/847). The project aims to raise awareness of and support the development of low energy building projects, with special emphasis on rural areas of the seven European countries participating in the project. It aims to increase the visibility of front-runners, for both new- build and renovation, with the aim of capacity- and confidence-building in the public sector.

In 2013 Severn Wye EA chose the Ty Unnos Modular™ affordable houses, built for the North Wales housing association Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd, at Glan Gors, Dolwyddelan as one of five developments to be case-studied as part of ‘SustianCo’. The project aims to promote good practice in rural locations, in readiness for the European ‘Energy Perfor- mance Building Directive’ (EBPD) for ‘Near Zero Energy Buildings’ (NZEBs).

The ‘Glan Gors’ case study brings together information from Elements Europe Ltd, CymdeithasTai Clwyd, Severn Wye EA, Coed Cymru and the post occupancy evaluation (POE) work by the RDP SCE scheme. This verifiable data has provided proof that these houses built from home-grown timber are extremely efficient and are outperforming their Environmental Performance Certificates.

Housing from Home-grown Timber In 2006/7 a partnership consisting of the Welsh School of Architecture, University of Wales Bangor and Coed Cymru undertook a brief study, funded by the Countryside Council for Wales, to establish the feasibility of producing efficient, social housing using home-grown softwood.

The study led to a report that proposed a radical departure from current practice; a whole house construction system of engineered home grown timber components.

This would lead to a stronger supply chain involving growers, sawmillers, manufacturers and construction professionals who would bring the raw material from forest to a useful end product in Wales. Jobs and training opportunities would follow as the manufacturing processes are designed to be within the capabilities of a standard joinery workshop, easily adaptable for a range of equipment and skills. using welsh timber

Wales has 150,000 hectares of coniferous plantations, producing one million tonnes of softwood per annum 70% of this is Sitka spruce. In 2007 all of the modern timber frame manufacturers in Wales (and the UK) used imported softwoods due to greater stability and strength of slower grown material. Welsh spruce grows - • much faster • producing timber of lower density • with heavier branching and larger knots. Although Welsh spruce has poorer structural properties than imported softwoods, it is its tendency to twist during drying that timber frame manufacturers cite as their reason for not using it. It was recognised that simple substitution with home-grown softwood was not possible. If a system was to be adopted gen- erally it would need to stabilise the main structural components and eliminate the need for conventional trussed rafters. Developing the System

Collaborative working The proposals attracted great interest from industry and work began to prototype, test, and develop components in collabora- tion with a number of partners from the academic, public and private sectors. This new way of working necessitated a level of commitment, co-operation and communication skills previously unseen in the Welsh Timber Sector.

The Name The System was named ‘Ty^ Unnos’ literally translated as “a house in one night” from the tradition of erecting a house over- night on vacant land and claiming it as a home. The name was chosen to convey a fast and adaptable building system making use of local material and local labour.

The Timber Home-grown Sitka Spruce, Douglas Fir, and possibly Hemlock or Larch, graded to structural strength class - C16.

The Components The system comprises of two simply assembled engineered timber components; a hollow box section beam and a ladder beam. When combined with frame connectors and infill panels, the engineered components form an innovative whole building construction system. It is a virtue of this system that all the insulation can be incorporated within the walls/floor/roof, with the ladder trusses and hollow beams allowing for very efficient use of blown cellulose insulation eg Warmcel® 500.

Intellectual Property Rights ‘Open Source’ All Coed Cymru’s work is put into the public domain as ‘open source’ information available for all to use. The base level of technical information can be used by businesses to develop their own system, which they can protect and brand– eg. Ty Unnos Modular™ as developed by Elements Europe Ltd.

Stringent Testing and Certification The design team followed the Eurocodes convention in proto- typing and testing components with the box beams receiving their European Technical Approval in 2012. A number of technical information sheets have been produced. Component manufacturers can obtain their component certification through the TRADA Q Mark. Ty UNNOS MODULAR™

First affordable housing built in 2010 The first company to take advantage of the Ty^ Unnos open source work was Elements Europe Ltd, part of the JR. Pickstock group of companies. Taking the components it developed them into Ty Unnos Modular™ a fully cer- tified volumetric system, where buildings leave the factory fully finished and fitted. Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd working with the rural housing enabler and Conwy Borough Council chose to use Ty Unnos Modular™, in their delivery of four, three bedroom affordable houses in Dowyddelan. The tenants moved in in January 2011. Post Occupancy Monitoring Few published work on POE in domestic dwellings exist but it is not a new subject. Royal Institute of British Architects in its plan of works for design team operation (1963) included a Stage M – Feedback, in which Architects were to return to the buildings to review what they had done but by 1973 this was omitted from ‘Architect’s Appointment’. Without a monitoring or feedback program how do we know if our buildings are performing as they were designed to. Coed Cymru has an ongoing monitoring program at Glan Gors. Some of the data is reported in the attached case study.

For further information please contact:

Coed Cymru Contact Tabitha Binding Coed Cymru RDP SCE Project Manager The Old Sawmill Email [email protected] Tregynon Telephone 01686 650 777 Newtown Website www.coedcymru.org.uk Powys, SY16 3PL

Severn Wye Energy Agency (Swyddfa Cymru) Contact Stuart Davies The Lindens Senior Project Manager Spa Road Email [email protected] Llandrindod Wells Telephone 01597 829 658 Powys Website www.severnwye.org.uk LD1 5EQ

SustainCo Email [email protected] Telephone 0800 500 30 76 (not technical) Website www.sustainco.info September 2013

Glan Gors case study

Glan Gors is a development of four semi-detached properties made up of two Ty Unnos modular system buildings, built to meet local housing needs. It is 40 years since the last social houses were built in the village of Dolwyddelan. The homes were constructed for, and owned by, Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd, a social housing landlord. Each is factory-made from locally grown timber and consists of two modules, an upper and ground floor, with roof section. This development was designed to meet the Code for Sustainable Homes Level 4 standard. September 2013

Glan Gors case study

Approach: To build highly energy efficient affordable homes to near Passivhaus design using home grown 2 timber where possible to fit into the surrounding 3 environment. Construction typology: New build, modular home- Glan Gors grown timber frame construction on light steel frame cassette and concrete trench footings, highly insulated with Warmcel ® 500. Clad in slate, render and timber. U-value walls: 0.17 W/m2K GENERAL U-value roof: 0.13 W/m2K U-value floor: 0.17 W/m2K Name: Glan Gors U-value windows: 1.8 W/m2K Owner: Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd Passive cooling strategies: None. Passive heating strategies: Insulation, triple glazing, Designer: J Ross Developments, Oswestry and mechanical ventilation heat recovery system New/retrofit: New (MVHR). Use: Social housing Location: Dolwyddelan, Conwy, Wales Climate: Oceanic (Köppen Climate ENERGY Classification) Heated area: 68m2 Primary energy need: 9.202 kWh/yr | 2 Investment cost: £505,000 | £126,250 107 kWh/m /yr (gross) (EPC simulation) per house (¤611,050 | ¤152,762 per house) | Final energy consumption: 6,860 £1,096/m2 (¤1,327/m2) (gross) kWh/yr (gross) | 60.18 kWh/m2/yr Awards: Ty Unnos system: The Cardiff CO2 annual emissions: 3,056 kg C02/yr | University Innovation Prize; Chartered Institute 2 26.8 kg C02/m /yr (gross) of Building International Prize for Architecture; National energy certification level: Energy Innovawood Laureate; and the TRADA 75th Performance Certificate rated – ‘B’ (81) Anniversary Award.

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Sources: Solar thermal Solar thermal installed power: 3.62 kW Annual renewable energy generation: 3,120 kWh/yr (estimated) DESIGN

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Sources: Solar thermal Solar thermal installed power: 3.62 kW Annual renewable energy generation: 3,120 kWh/yr (estimated) 4 5 GENERAL Glan Gors

Name: 1 - 4 Glan Gors Use: Residential Users: Local people Completion year: 2010 New / retrofit: New build to meet local housing needs Type of ownership: Owned by Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd for affordable local rental (social housing) Building / community: There are two buildings, each consisting of two, two-storey semi-detached houses. Rectangular in shape with accessible pitched roof.

The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. 4 5 GENERAL Glan Gors

Building description: First build in the UK of the Ty Unnos Modular system, to provide low-cost, local needs housing. This development was designed to meet the Code for Sustainable Homes level 4, each semi-detached dwelling consists of two modules – a ground and upper floor with a roof section. Using home-grown timber and local manufacturers, the modules are factory built in a quality controlled environment. Fully fitted and finished internally with bathroom, kitchen, windows and doors, wired and plumbed before transportation to site. The modules are lifted into position by crane from flat-bed lorry onto a preformed foundation with roofing sections completing the building. Four secure and weather tight houses are assembled in a matter of hours. External finishes, service connection, solar thermal and landscaping are typically completed in six to eight weeks. GENERAL GENERAL

6 7 Building description: First build in the UK of the Ty Unnos Modular system, to provide low-cost, local needs housing. BUILDING This development was designed to meet the Code for Sustainable Homes level 4, each semi-detached dwelling consists of two modules – a ground and upper floor with a roof section. Using home-grown timber and local manufacturers, the modules are factory built in a quality controlled environment. Area and volume (per dwelling): Fully fitted and finished internally with bathroom, kitchen, windows and doors, wired and plumbed before transportation Net floor area: 87m2 to site. Gross floor area: 114m2 The modules are lifted into position by crane from flat-bed lorry onto a preformed foundation with roofing sections completing the building. Four secure and weather tight houses are assembled in a matter of hours. External finishes, Heated area: 68m2 service connection, solar thermal and landscaping are typically completed in six to eight weeks. Cooled area: 0m2 Façade area: 118m2 Glazed area: 19m2 Floor height: 2.4m Net total volume: 208m3 What is special? Housing constructed from home-grown timber. A feasibility study commissioned in 2006 looked at the possibility of building homes using home grown Sitka spruce, the most readily available softwood resource in Wales. A simple substitution of imported material commonly used for timber frame systems was not deemed possible, due to the greater stability and superior strength of slow grown softwoods available from drier, cooler climates. The study therefore proposed a radical departure from current practice in the form of a whole house construction system of engineered home grown timber components. The proposals attracted great interest from all aspects of the industry and a multi-disciplinary team of experts formed to prototype, test, and develop home grown timber components in combination with a number of commercial partners. The Ty Unnos system is comprised of two simply assembled engineered timber components; a hollow box section beam and a small section ladder beam. The components were prototyped by the design team and then tested by The Timber Research and Development Association (TRADA), the internationally recognized centre of excellence on the specification and use of timber and wood product. The box beam can be used as a load bearing element and can span up to 4.8 metres. The ladder beam can be used as a floor joist with spans up to 3 metres and as a non-load bearing wall stud. Elements Europe were the first company to take advantage of the Ty Unnos open source work – working with Coed Cymru and BM TRADA (Timber Research GENERAL GENERAL

8 9 BUILDING CONT. CLIMATE

and Development Association), Elements developed its Climate description own commercial model Ty Unnos modular which is fully Oceanic (Köppen Climate Classification) Q-marked and NHBC (National House Building Council) compliant. BM TRADA Q-Mark is regarded as one of Heating degree days: 2,400–2,800 (1971–2000) the most rigorous certification processes available for Cooling degree days: 5–10 (1971–2000) construction products. Like other certification schemes, BM TRADA Q-Mark is recognised by controlling authorities, Yearly sunshine hours: 1,200–1,300 (1981-2010) home warranty providers such as the NHBC and is used Mean annual temp: 6oC (1981-2010) by world-class construction companies and manufacturers. Rainfall: 2,612.2mm (1981-2010) With Snowdonia National Park strict planning laws and Source: www.metoffice.gov.uk - from local weather the Welsh Governments rules for the social housing grant station. it took Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd, Dolwyddelan Community Council, Conwy and Denbighshire’s Rural Housing Microclimate: Open aspect, good for solar and possibly Enabler, Conwy Borough County Council, Forestry for wind power generation. Commission Wales, Snowdonia National Park, Coed Cymru and the Welsh Government working closely together to enable the houses to be designed, planning ACTORS & AWARDS permission obtained and the houses built. Forestry Commission Wales released the 1.5 acre of land which it previously managed on behalf of the Welsh Owner: Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd. Assembly Government, in order that Cymdeithas Tai Established in 1974 as a charitable housing association Clwyd could develop these affordable homes to meet to assist local people to obtain comfortable homes at a local people’s needs – the first social housing to be built in reasonable cost, Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd achieve this by the village for over 40 years. providing rented accommodation as well as assisting people to buy a property. In this development they currently have four properties rented to local families. LOCATION Designer: J Ross Developments, Oswestry, Shropshire, England Construction company: Contractor – J R Pickstock Location: Dolwyddelan, Conwy, Wales LL25 0WA Ltd., Oswestry, Shropshire, England; Offsite Manufacturer Population: 427 (2001 census) – Elements Europe Ltd., Oswestry, Shropshire, England. Site: A sloping, wet, greenfield site previously covered by Supporting actors: Coed Cymru (developing housing coniferous forest, on the edge of a forward-looking village from home-grown timber); Forestry Commission Wales in Snowdonia National Park. The village has a railway (released the land); PYC Insulation (Warmcel ® 500). station and good bus links, a community centre, junior Actors’ impressions: Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd’s school, public house, hotel, shop and a good number of Development Manager, Bryn Davies said: “It was exciting businesses. to see a semi-detached house formed on the site within Local resources: A local hydro-electric scheme is daylight hours. It’s a far cry from conventional building currently being considered. work, with all the planning and construction work having taken place within the compound of a clean factory space. Copyright bing maps GENERAL GENERAL

8 9 BUILDING CONT. CLIMATE and Development Association), Elements developed its Climate description own commercial model Ty Unnos modular which is fully Oceanic (Köppen Climate Classification) Q-marked and NHBC (National House Building Council) compliant. BM TRADA Q-Mark is regarded as one of Heating degree days: 2,400–2,800 (1971–2000) the most rigorous certification processes available for Cooling degree days: 5–10 (1971–2000) construction products. Like other certification schemes, BM TRADA Q-Mark is recognised by controlling authorities, Yearly sunshine hours: 1,200–1,300 (1981-2010) home warranty providers such as the NHBC and is used Mean annual temp: 6oC (1981-2010) by world-class construction companies and manufacturers. Rainfall: 2,612.2mm (1981-2010) With Snowdonia National Park strict planning laws and Source: www.metoffice.gov.uk - from local weather the Welsh Governments rules for the social housing grant station. it took Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd, Dolwyddelan Community Council, Conwy and Denbighshire’s Rural Housing Microclimate: Open aspect, good for solar and possibly Enabler, Conwy Borough County Council, Forestry for wind power generation. Commission Wales, Snowdonia National Park, Coed Cymru and the Welsh Government working closely together to enable the houses to be designed, planning ACTORS & AWARDS permission obtained and the houses built. Forestry Commission Wales released the 1.5 acre of land which it previously managed on behalf of the Welsh Owner: Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd. Assembly Government, in order that Cymdeithas Tai Established in 1974 as a charitable housing association Clwyd could develop these affordable homes to meet to assist local people to obtain comfortable homes at a local people’s needs – the first social housing to be built in reasonable cost, Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd achieve this by the village for over 40 years. providing rented accommodation as well as assisting people to buy a property. In this development they currently have four properties rented to local families. LOCATION Designer: J Ross Developments, Oswestry, Shropshire, England Construction company: Contractor – J R Pickstock Location: Dolwyddelan, Conwy, Wales LL25 0WA Ltd., Oswestry, Shropshire, England; Offsite Manufacturer Population: 427 (2001 census) – Elements Europe Ltd., Oswestry, Shropshire, England. Site: A sloping, wet, greenfield site previously covered by Supporting actors: Coed Cymru (developing housing coniferous forest, on the edge of a forward-looking village from home-grown timber); Forestry Commission Wales in Snowdonia National Park. The village has a railway (released the land); PYC Insulation (Warmcel ® 500). station and good bus links, a community centre, junior Actors’ impressions: Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd’s school, public house, hotel, shop and a good number of Development Manager, Bryn Davies said: “It was exciting businesses. to see a semi-detached house formed on the site within Local resources: A local hydro-electric scheme is daylight hours. It’s a far cry from conventional building currently being considered. work, with all the planning and construction work having taken place within the compound of a clean factory space. Copyright bing maps GENERAL

10 ACTORS & AWARDS CONT. Kitchen units, bathroom suites, radiators, tiles, and even the plastering work have all been fitted and completed within the ‘pods’ before leaving the factory in Oswestry. It’s an affordable process, requiring many weeks less input on site at Dolwyddelan from varied tradesmen. We were pleased to be part of this Ty Unnos innovative building method, especially as the sitka spruce timber (coniferous evergreen trees) used on the project was grown, processed and developed in Wales.” Llion Derbyshire, Area Land Agent for Forestry Commission Wales said: “We were delighted to see a second site of land previously managed by Forestry Commission Wales developed for affordable housing. The houses, set on a on a 1.5 acre of open land within Snowdonia National Park, were built to a high standard in a sustainable manner making the householders living experience much greener. In this part of the world, using the natural environment to assist with reducing the carbon footprint is an ideal solution. The transformation of the land is clear to see, and we are delighted to be part of the process working on behalf of the Welsh Government.” Gwyn Roberts, the Dolwyddelan Community Council Clerk, explains: “It’s nearly 40 years since the last council built houses was developed at the village. Without this project there would be no hope for local residents to rent or buy here in Dolwyddelan. The village is a tranquil, idyllic place with stunning views and great outdoor leisure activities on our doorstep. This type of village has seen house prices soar, so we need to congratulate the Welsh Government for appointing Rural Housing Enablers across Wales who are able to work with us and Conwy County Borough Council in getting projects like this off the ground.” Awards: The Ty Unnos research project’s success was recognised by Cardiff University Innovation Prize, Chartered Institute of Building International Prize for Architecture, Innovawood Laureate and the TRADA 75th Anniversary Award. GENERAL GENERAL

10 11 ACTORS & AWARDS COSTS & FINANCING CONT. Kitchen units, bathroom suites, radiators, tiles, and even Building and renewable energy systems the plastering work have all been fitted and completed investment: within the ‘pods’ before leaving the factory in Oswestry. Total (including all fees): The cost of this development It’s an affordable process, requiring many weeks less £505,000 (¤ 611,050), was secured jointly from the Welsh input on site at Dolwyddelan from varied tradesmen. Assembly Government’s Social Housing Grant and We were pleased to be part of this Ty Unnos innovative Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd. building method, especially as the sitka spruce timber The cost of each property was £126,250 (¤152,762), (coniferous evergreen trees) used on the project was with solar thermal units costing £1,300 (¤1,573) before grown, processed and developed in Wales.” installation. Llion Derbyshire, Area Land Agent for Forestry Construction cost: £1,096/m2 (¤ 1,327/m2) (gross) Commission Wales said: “We were delighted to see a second site of land previously managed by Forestry Financing scheme: Cymdeithas Tai Clwyd Commission Wales developed for affordable housing. Public aid: Welsh Assembly Government Social Housing The houses, set on a on a 1.5 acre of open land within Fund Snowdonia National Park, were built to a high standard in a sustainable manner making the householders living experience much greener. In this part of the world, using the natural environment to assist with reducing the IMPLEMENTATION carbon footprint is an ideal solution. The transformation of the land is clear to see, and we are delighted to be part of the process working on behalf of the Welsh Government.” Implementation process: The development team inherited house plans which had to be adapted to suit the Gwyn Roberts, the Dolwyddelan Community Council system. This was the first time the factory had produced Clerk, explains: “It’s nearly 40 years since the last council timber frame housing – the run was not streamlined. built houses was developed at the village. Without this Unforeseen road closure and escort services added project there would be no hope for local residents to rent £10,000 to the cost of the development. or buy here in Dolwyddelan. The village is a tranquil, idyllic place with stunning views and great outdoor leisure The site was difficult to work adding cost to the project. activities on our doorstep. This type of village has seen Groundworks included moving an existing electric main, house prices soar, so we need to congratulate the Welsh divert ditches, extensive new drainage, new culverts Government for appointing Rural Housing Enablers and a 200m pipe for foul water. It took time and skill to across Wales who are able to work with us and Conwy manoeuvre the 4.8m x 10.68m modular units across the County Borough Council in getting projects like this off the narrow bridge onto the site. ground.” If there was a next time: Improvements to the Awards: The Ty Unnos research project’s success manufacturing system are ongoing. The process, was recognised by Cardiff University Innovation Prize, components and build have since been streamlined and Chartered Institute of Building International Prize for have been proven on a subsequent build. Architecture, Innovawood Laureate and the TRADA 75th Anniversary Award. GENERAL

12 13 USERS DESIGN User behaviour: Has not yet been tested User feedback: Has not yet been tested Glan Gors DESIGN APPROACH COMMISSIONING

Approach: To build highly energy efficient affordable Energy commissioning: There was an early problem homes to near Passivhaus design using home grown with elevated kWh usage, which was identified as a timber where possible, that fit naturally into their voltage problem and fixed. There is no formal energy surroundings. For an overview on how this was done, monitoring as tenants are responsible for procuring their watch this short movie on YouTube about Ty Unnos (6:44): own energy deals. tinyurl.com/oyhpj95. Gap: No gaps with respect to the housing, however, In a village that had seen no new social housing in 40 some additional unforeseen works were required, years, to build ‘local needs’ housing, with high levels of such as moving overhead power lines and building insulation, coupled with a heat recovery system and solar a water culvert outside and adjacent to the front the thermal panels leading to low running costs. development because of the high levels of run-off since Goals: To meet Code for Sustainable Homes level 4 the deforestation of the surrounding land. Design methodology: To build to Code for Sustainable Heating comfort: Coed Cymru have just begun Homes level 4, meeting full Design Quality Requirements data-logging internal and external temperatures in one and Lifetime Homes requirements as standard. property. (September 2013) Prefabricated 4.8m wide modules to be built in a quality controlled factory environment utilising a skilled efficient workforce. To minimize waste, costs and on-site work while maintaining quality throughout. For an overview on how the Ty Unnos modular ‘volumetric’ system is constructed, watch this short movie on YouTube (3:17): tinyurl.com/noqqtv5 Motivation: Deliver low-cost high performance housing using home-grown C16 timber. Key points: The weather-tight prefabricated units were fully fitted and finished internally, including windows and doors prior to transportation. The units took 4.5 hours to install from the lorry onto the site. No cracking, settlement or other defects have been observed. GENERAL

12 13 USERS DESIGN User behaviour: Has not yet been tested User feedback: Has not yet been tested Glan Gors DESIGN APPROACH COMMISSIONING

14 15 CONSTRUCTION AIR QUALITY

Construction typology: New build, modular home- Ventilation type: Natural with mechanical where grown timber frame construction on light steel frame required (kitchen/bathroom/WC’s) cassette and concrete trench footings, highly insulated. Design rate: Minimum standard is 10.0m3/(hr/m2) Clad in slate, render and timber. Air tightness: Tested as @50pa: 2.9m3 / (hr/m2) Daylighting: There were no special considerations made for daylighting as the plan was already fixed for the Ventilation system: Hybrid –trickle vents and MVHR architects and developers. Envirovent whole house system with a manual boost. (89% efficiency rating) DETAILS Moisture movement: Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. Vapour barriers built into structure to control interstitial condensation. Facade: Ty Unnos timber framed with OSB racking and slate/ timber cladding to road frontage. Render and timber cladding to side and rear. Internally OSB with plaster board taped and jointed. Insulated with Warmcel ® 500 (recycled paper). ENVIRONMENT U-value 0.17 W/m2K (2006 regulations min 0.35 W/m2K) Roof: Timber truss, felt, batten, brace with natural slate. Water: Low water usage fixtures – Showerhead 9 litre/ U-value 0.13 W/m2K (2006 regulations min 0.25 W/m2K) min; Taps 4 litre/min; Toilet low flush 6/4 litre. Water butt plumbed into rainwater downpipes. Ground floor: Ty Unnos box beam with Ty Unnos ladder joists and OSB sheathing on light steel frame cassette and Waste: On-site – recycling storage units built in concrete trench footings. U-value 0.17 W/m2K (2006 regulations min 0.25 W/m2K) Windows: Painted-FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) softwood triple glazed Jeld Wen low-e krypton. INNOVATIONS U-value 1.8 W/m2K (2006 regulations min 2.2 W/m2K) Thermal bridges: The Ty Unnos system by virtue of its Technology: Solar thermal panels for hot water. Low hollow sections, ladder joists and trusses is designed to energy lighting. Mechanical heat recovery/ventilation maximise insulation and minimise thermal bridging. system. Minimum thermal bridging. Thermal inertia: None, as these building rely on high levels of Warmcel ® 500 insulation and very high levels of airtightness. PASSIVE STRATEGIES

Passive heating: Insulation, triple glazing and Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery system (MVHR) Passive cooling: None DESIGN DESIGN

14 15 CONSTRUCTION AIR QUALITY

Passive heating: Insulation, triple glazing and Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery system (MVHR) Passive cooling: None ENERGY

16 17 ENERGY ENERGY DEMAND Heating demand: 31.95 kWh/m2/yr (EPC simulation) Glan Gors Cooling demand: None Domestic hot water demand: 24.04 kWh/m2/y (EPC ENERGY INDICATORS simulation) Lighting demand: 8.22 kWh/m2/yr (EPC simulation) | 1.32 kWh/m2/yr (gross) (survey and estimated use calculation) Primary energy need (per dwelling for heating, hot water and lighting): Total electricity demand: 9,202 kWh/yr (Energy Performance Certificate simulation) 6,860 kWh/yr (gross) (actual/measured over three years 107 kWh/m2/yr (EPC simulation) occupation) Final energy consumption (per dwelling and 60.18 kWh/m2/yr (actual/measured over three years including appliances and external devices): occupation) 6,860 kWh/yr 60.18 kWh/m2/yr (gross)

CO2 annual emissions: ENERGY SYSTEMS

3,056 kg CO2 /yr 2 26.81 kg CO2 /m /yr (gross) Heating system: MVHR system with small Conversion factor FE-PE: FE-PE electricity: 2.5 thermostatically and time-controlled electric convection (Source: Digest of UK Energy Statistics - (Dukes) 2013) room heaters as backup. Mechanical ventilation heat Renewable energy production: Solar thermal - 3,120 recovery, or MVHR, provides fresh air and improved kWh/yr (estimated) climate control, while also saving energy by reducing Renewable energy sources coverage: 34% heating (and cooling) requirements. Solar thermal with National energy certification level: Domestic hot water generation: two 3kW electric immersion heaters for back up. Energy Performance Certificate (EPC): ‘B’ (81) Energy storage: 210 litre unvented direct cylinder Environmental Impact (CO ) rating ‘B’ (86) 2 Energy management system: MVHR system automated controls. Visual display for solar thermal system. Control and automation: Heat recovery and ventilation system, programmable and automatic. Programmer and appliance thermostats. ENERGY

CO2 annual emissions: ENERGY SYSTEMS

18 19 LIGHTING RENEWABLE ENERGY

Lighting: 12 x 15W GLS Compact Fluorescent Lamps Glan Gors Total consumption: 150 kWh/yr | 1.32 kWh/m2/yr (gross) (estimated). RENEWABLE ENERGY COMFORT SOURCES (RES) Renewable energy sources: Solar thermal Total RES generation: 3,120 kWh/yr (estimated) Temperature set point (heating): Controlled automaticity by MHVR and thermostats and electric wall RES cost: £1,300 (¤1,573) for materials | £359/kW (¤435/ heaters. kW) SOLAR THERMAL COST

Installed power: 3.62 kW Electricity: Estimated at £823 (¤996) per year using Annual generation: 3,120 kWh/yr (estimated) 6860 kWh @12p/kWh (¤0.145/kWh) Cost: £1,300 for materials | £359/kW (¤1,573 | ¤435/kW) Total energy consumption per dwelling for both primary Panels area: 5.2m2 energy (heating, hot water and lighting) and all internal appliances and external devices. System: RM Solar flat plate solar thermal system integrated into roof on south elevation feeding into a 210 litre Santon Premier Plus Solar, unvented, direct solar thermal hot water storage tank with RM Solar digital solar display unit.

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (RES) Renewable energy sources: Solar thermal Total RES generation: 3,120 kWh/yr (estimated) RES cost: £1,300 (¤1,573) for materials | £359/kW (¤435/ kW) SOLAR THERMAL

Installed power: 3.62 kW Annual generation: 3,120 kWh/yr (estimated) Cost: £1,300 for materials | £359/kW (¤1,573 | ¤435/kW) Panels area: 5.2m2 System: RM Solar flat plate solar thermal system integrated into roof on south elevation feeding into a 210 litre Santon Premier Plus Solar, unvented, direct solar thermal hot water storage tank with RM Solar digital solar display unit.