Vol. XI No. 4 APRIL. 1956 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS. Office and Consulting Hours: FINCHLEY ROAD (Corner Fairfax Road), Monday to Thursday 10 a.m.— I p.m, 3—6 p.m LONDON. N.WJ friday 10 a.m.— I p.m. Tefcffhone: Maida V^le 9096/7 (General Office) MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency and Social Services Dept.)

DENIISTS ACl PASSED AN UNANSWERABLE CASE-DISMISSED The new Dentists Act was passed recently and has obtained Royal Assent. It provides for a new On February 27, 1956, the Jewish Trust that the funds of the successor organizations, procedure for the registration of dentists with foreign Corporation for Germany (J.T.C.) to which the though deriving from the property of Jews in qualifications. A dentist will be entitled to regis­ heirless, unclaimed and communal property in Germany, should not solely be used for Jews tration if he holds a foreign diploma and satisfies the former British Zone of Germany and the residing in or iiailing from Germany. Even the Dental Council that he has the requisite know­ British Sector of Berlin is restituted held its though I have upiield this opinion against ledge and skill. For proof of this the Council may Council Meeting in London to decide upon the deviating views, I have never thought that the if it so wishes, require him to sit for an examination. further distribution of their forthcoming assets. Jews from Germany, who might l^ called the Several debates on the Bill in both Houses referred The Jews from Germany have a right to know proper heirs to the funds, should be treated to the difficulties experienced by naturalised refugee how the proceeds of the property of their perished Dentists who so far have tried in vain to be permitted as a ' quantite negligeable.' I have always to practice in this country. Some speakers implied next-of-kin and of their ancestors are being used. thought that as a matter of course the organiza­ that there has been a certain resistance to their We therefore feel obliged to inform our members tions and relief institutions which in the first entering the profession. of the most disappointing decision taken by the instance were created by former German Jews Throughout the past months the AJR in co­ Council of the J.T.C. at this Meeting. The now living in the U.S!A., England and Israel operation with the Continental Dental Society has application of the " Council of Jews from should be provided with adequate funds; and been constantly in touch with parliamentarians and Germany " to increase their quota by a mere that the applications by this Council, which other personalities in public life in order to inform 2J% was refused. can claim its share in the achievements of them on the position of the unregistered Dentists these organizations, would find due con­ and to plead for their admission under the new Act Heirless Property and Jews from Germany under the best possible terms. Governmental spokes­ sideration. men repeatedly stressed the anxiety of the quarters It has to be recalled that the body representing concerned to utilise the services of these qualified the rights and interests of former German Jews, I am well aware that the Jewish Trust dental surgeons, and it is hoped that, as soon as the " The Council of Jews from Germany," has Corporation has shown better understanding Dental Council to be set up under the new Act has always subordinated its legitimate claims to the for the needs of our Council than some other been established, this matter on which the AJR has requirements of the Jewish Community at large. major Jewish organizations. However, re­ been working for many years will be settled al last. At the time when preparations for restitution in viewing recent years, it seems to me that there Ciermany were started the obvious course to is still a debt to be honoured. BOARD OF DEPUTIES PLEADS FOR ISRAEL follow for the Jews from Germany and those We feel committed to make the necessary In a resolution pa.ssed at its March Meeting the left in Germany would have been to lay claim provisions not only for the immediate future Board of Deputies renewed " its urgent plea" to on the assets of the deceased and on the com­ the British Government " to provide Israel with but also for the years to come. ... I think defensive arms to withstand the threatened aggression munal property they and their ancestors had that an allocation of 12J% to our Council built up. However, the " Council of Jews from from its Arab neighbours, believing that this step is should be possible and acceptable and would essential to the peace and stability of the Middle Germany " abstained from lodging such claim be recognized and appreciated as an act of East." and agreed to the establishment of Successor good-will." Organi7alions in which the international Jewish TERCENTENARY MESSAGES OF CHURCH Welfare Organisations would have the lead. Dr. Baeck's Appeal Unheeded LEADERS It did not seek arithmetical protection by In the Meeting of February 27, 1956, Pro- In January-February issue of " Common Ground," insisting on a majority on the executive bodies the Monthly of the " Council of Christians and of the J.T.C. It relied alone on its moral right, les.sor Norman Bentwich, the staunch sponsor of every Refugee cause since 1933, appealed to the Jews," the Archbishop of Canterbury states that feeling sure that the high-minded and devoted " the as.sociation of Jew and English has brought leadership of British Jewry would never allow Council of the J.T.C. to grant this request which great and evident benefit to both, and friendship is considerations of arithmetic and organisational he considered even too modest. The " Council deeply established." Tributes are al.so paid by the interests to prevail over a just and fair cause. of Jews from Germany," Professor Bentwich ' Moderator of the Church of Scotland, the Rt. Rev. said, had an unanswerable case. The fact that , G. D. Henderson, and the Moderator of the Free Similarly, the " A.ssociation of Jewish Dr. Baeck personally had identified himself with Church Federal Council, the Rt. Rev. Copland Refugees" as the British constituent of the the claim should be regarded as added reason Simmons. " Council of Jews from Germany " has proved to comply with this request. The percentage that its co-operative spirit on more than one occasion. each of the three major relief organizations NATURALISATION FIGURES Although it is the only organised group of would have to forego in favour of the " Council In a written answer dated March 12 to Mr. Peylon Jewish Refugees from Germany in this country of Jews from Germany " would be negligible, I the Home Secretary, Major Lloyd George, stated with an uninterrupted record of 15 years' work namely less than 1 % for each organization. | that from January I, 1946, to December 31, 1955, and would therefore have been entitled to the 75,010 cerlilicates of naturalisation were granted in major part of the proceeds of the heirless property When another representative referred to the the United Kingdom to aliens. As far as these as far as it is allocated to this country, the AJR paramount needs in Israel during these days of naturalised subjects came from countries behind the agreed to the formation of an Allocations anxiety, the " Council of Jews from Germany " Iron Curtain the list is headed by Poles (17,933), Committee. This Committee works under the undertook to allocate any increase of the present Czechoslovakians (5,571) and Hungarians (2,143). auspices of the Central British Fund, the AJR quota to its constituent Organization in Israel. holding oniy three seats of twelve. Neither Professor Bentwich's moving appeal While the Council of Jews from Germany voted in favour of the Council's application. nor the pleading of the representatives of the They were outvoted by the representatives of the originally received only 8J% of the proceeds of " Council of Jews from Germany " prevented the J.T.C. which quota was later increased to Joint, the Jewish Agency, the other representa­ the majority of the Council of the J.T.C. from tives of the Central British Fund and the Presi­ 10%, it had now applied for a participation to refusing the application. The representatives of the extent of \2t,%, leaving as before tiie lion's dents of the Anglo-Jewish Association and the the " Council of Jews from Germany " were Board of Deputies. The two latter apparently share to the Jewish Agency, the American Joint so to speak forced into the miserable role of Distribution Committee and the Central British people who had to beg for a morsel of their own did not realize that the Refugees from Germany Fund. property. Needless to say that this morsel was constituted about one eighth of the Jewish Dr. Leo Baeck, President of the " Council for to serve welfare purposes of Jewish Refugees population in Great Britain and had a right to Jews from Germany " had endorsed this appli­ from Germany all over the world. expect the spokesmen of Anglo-Jewry to stand cation in a personal letter to the Chairman of up for the interests of their group. the J.T.C., Sir Henry d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, Bart., Apart from the delegate of the Council, only We record with deep regret and disappoint­ D.S.O., M.C.. M.A., M.P., saying: Professor Bentwich as one of the members of ment this sad result which, we venture to say, "... I have always, among my friends as the Central British Fund and the representatives is not in line with the fine tradition of British well as before the Jewish public, maintained of the Agudah and the World Jewish Congress Jewry. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION April, 1950 JEWISH REPATRIATES FROM RUSSIA WIEDERGUTMACHUNG UND ERBRECHT Some fifteen German Jews, who survived first Hitler and the many years in Russian camps or goals, Die Ratsamkeit der Errichtung von Testamenten have recently been returned to Germany by the Soviet In dieser Zeitschrift ist schon vor laengerer Zeit richten in solchen Faellen erteilten Erb.scheinc Union, together with German prisoners-of-war and darauf hingewiesen worden, dass Verl'olgie, die weichen bci verschiedenen Gerichlen auch bei gleich- Nazi criminals. Wiedergutmachung.sansprueche (R ueckcrstattungs- liegendcn Faellen voellig voneinander ab. Es besteht All were set free because they claimed German und Enlschaedigungsansprueche) in Deutschland die Gefahr, dass bei Erstversterben eincs Ehegatten citizenship, not because of the fate they suffered as betreiben, gut daran tun, fuer den Fall ihres Ablebens nur die Kinder, nicht aber der ueberlebende Ehegatte Hitler victims. These repatriates reported that quite ein Testament zu errichten. Es wurde betont, dass als Erben anerkannt werden. Sind keine Kinder a few Jews from non-Russian or Central European sonst die Ueberleitung der Ansprueche und der vorhanden, so ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, auf- countries are still in Soviet cu.stody. Verfahren auf die Erben zu sehr grossen Schwierig­ zuklaeren, welche Verwandten des verstorbencn One of the returnees is Leon Buras, born at keiten fuehrt, und dass die Ansprueche durch das Ehegatten noch vorhanden und welche wcggel'alien Dresden 46 years ago and who later settled in Berlin. Fehlen eines Testaments unter Umstaenden sogar sind. Bezueglich der weggefallenen muessen Sterbe- In 1936, he escaped from the Nazis lo Prague, where vereitelt werden koenncn. urkunden beschafft oder durch besondcre Verfahren he (bund employment with a large import-export Die Erfahrung der URO in den letzten Monatcn Todescrklaerungcn erwirkt werden. Vielfach wird es firm that sent him to Persia on business. He travelled geben dazu Anlass, diesen Hinweis dringend zu erforderlich, einen umikssenden Familienstammbaum by way of the Soviet Union, which was then in the wiederholen. aufzustellen, dcr bis zu den Grossellern oder Ur- midst of a particularly acute purge and espionage Wird kein Testament hinterlassen, so richtet sich grosscltcrn zurueckfuehrt. Entgegen dem mutmass­ psychosis. Buras aroused someone's suspicions, and die Erbfolge (abgesehen von Rueckerstattungsan- lichen Willen des Verstorbenen kann der ueberlebende was arrested. He did not emerge from goal until he spruechen wegen in Deutschland belegener Grund­ Ehegatte bei Fehlen eines letzten Willens leicht ganz was able to return with a transport of German war stuecke) nach englischeni gesetzlichen Erbrecht oder zum Teil seines Anrechts auf die Wiedergut­ prisoners lo Western Germany. (Intestaterbrecht). Das gilt nicht nur fuer diejenigen machungsleistungen verlustig gehen. In jedem Fall Other Jewish repatriates from the Soviet Union Erblasser, die die britische Staat.sangehoerigkeit wird aber die Bearbeitung durch das Fehlen cincs arc Bernhard Friecllaender, a 66-year old native of erworben haben, sondern auch fuer diejenigen, welche Testaments verzoegcrt und erschwert. Po.scn,now in West Berlin; Max Broniatowski from die deutsche Rcichsangehocrigkeit durch die II. Es ist eine bekannte und psychologisch begreifliche Kattowitz and his daughter Evelyn and son Hans; Durchfuehrungsverordnung zum Reichsbuergergesetz Tatsache, dass manche den Gedanicen an den Tod Dr. Hans-Juergen Katzenstein who was born in verloren hatten und in England noch nicht einge- schcuen und sich nicht zur rechtzeiligen Abfa.ssung Frankfurt un 1905; Leon Lewitan, Horst Liebmann buergert waren. Solche Verfolgte waren staatenlos. eincs Testaments entschilessen. Es mag ungcwoehn- and Harry Osers all natives of West Berlin; and Hatten sie in einem Lande ausserhalb Deutschlands lich erscheinen, in einer so persoenlichcn Frage den Jakob Lewin, a former resident of Stettin. zur Todeszeit ihren Wohnsitz, so gilt auch fuer sie Jntcressentcn einen Rat aufzudraengen. Wenn dies nach ausdruecklicher Vorschrift des deutschen hier dennoch geschieht, so sind der Grund dafucr Rechts das Erbrecht des Wohnsitzlandes. die rerhaengnisvollen Folgen, die das Fehlen von THE LAST JEWISH DP-CAMP Das englische Intestaterbrecht weicht in seiner Testamenten in zahlreichen Wiedergutmachungs- Struktur vom deutschen Recht so grundlegend ab, verfahrcn zum Nachteil dcr dem Erblasser naechst- The last of Ihe 66 camps for Jewish displaced stehcnden Hinterbliebenen gehabt hat. persons in Europe, FoelirenwakI, is to be dissolved. dass die Uebertragung seiner Begriffe auf die des At present it still shelters 640 " legal " Jewish refugees. deutschen Rechts den deutschen Oerichten ausseror- Natuerlich muss das Testament in den an sich The German authorities are doing their best to fulfil dentliehe Schwierigkeiten macht. " Letters of Admini­ durchaus einfachen Formen des englfschen Rechts any rea.sonable demands of the inmates, so that it is stration," wie sie in England bei Intestaterbfolgc errichtet werden. Dabei sollten sich die Interessenten hoped that the evacuation will proceed wiiheut any erteilt werden, betrachten die deutschen Gerichte der Beratung cines englischcn Juristen bedienen. use of force. meist nicht als ausreichenden Nachweis des Erbrechts. Aehiiliches gilt uebrigens auch luer zahlrciche In vielen Faellen verlangen sic viclmehr die Erwirkung andere ausserdeutsche Laendcr. deutscher Erbscheine. Die von den deutschen Gc- ENQUIRIES FOR URO LONDON MIN. DIR. WOLFF—70 Readers are reminded that the United Restitution The former Ministerialdirektor Bernhard Wolff, IN OESTERREICH KONFISZIERIE ' Organisation has moved from 8, Fairfax Mansions Head of a Department in the Federal Ministry of WERTPAPIERE to 183-189, Finchley Road, N.W.3, and that its Finance, celebrated his 70th birthday. After the war Wir haben in Erfahrung gebracht, dass Wert­ Telephone No. is KILburn 0021. he repeatedly look a very active part towards solving papiere, die folgenden Personen gehoert haben, vom CHANGE AT URO FRANKFURT the problem of restitution. He helped to draft the Berliner Treuhaender fuer konfisziertes und nicht in Mr. B. B. Ferencz has resigned as a Director of Hague Agreement between Germany and the State Anspruch genonimenes Vermoegen im ocsterrcichi- Operations of the United Restitution Organization of Israel. schen Wertpapierbcreinigungsverfahren angemeldet (Frankfurt), in order to return to the United States. worden sind:— He came to Germany shortly after the end of the Oskar Bondy (vormals Wien); Fritzi Deller (Wien); War and was an Attorney at the Nuernberg Tribunals. BERLIN'S EX-MAVOR LIPPERT Jakob Korany (Wien); Rudolf V. Kubinsky (Triebl); Afterwards he was appointed Director of the Jewish CLAIMS PENSION Adelc Pollak (Wien); Berta Neubauer (Karlsbad); Restitution Successor Organization (IRSO). Mr. The fomier Editor in Chief of Gocbbels' news­ Dr. Ernst Neubauer (Karlsbad); Moritz Weinstein I'erencz will be succeeded by Dr. H. S. Schoenfcldt paper " Der Angriff," Dr. Julius Lippert, has applied (Eisenach); Hedwig Soewy (Wien); Arthur Scherzer who was a lawyer in Berlin until he emigrated to the for a pension lo the Senate of Berlin in his capacity (Graz); Valerie Rocren (Wien); Alois Wencraf United Stales in 1938. During the past years. as a former First Burgoma,ster of the City. Mean­ (Wien); Elise Cecilie Heidemann (Berlin-Halensee); Dr. Schoenfeldt has held a leading position with while he has taken legal proceedings against the Franz Schreiber (Wien); Hans Fcis',1 (Wicn); Siegfr. IRSO and the Claims Conference. Eppstein (Muenchen); Adolf Kohlmann (Mosbach); Senate for the immediate payment of 80,000 DM. Paul Kutiak (Wien); Max & Blanka Hartstein (Bad Mergcnthcim); Ida Tandler (Wien); Dr. Gustav Toepfer (Wien); Oskar Weinstcin (Linz); Hedwig Schwitzer (Wicn); Paul Holzner (Berlin); Sophie News from Austria Wallach (Berlin Gruncwald); David Stern (Wien); FULL DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS VIENNA GIVES MEDAL OF HONOUR lO Dr. Leopold Ehrlich (Wien); Thcrese Saborsky WITH ISRAEL DIRECTOR OF JOINT (Budapest); Anny Somcrnitz (Wien); Rudolf & Maria Steiner (Wien); Robert & Marianne Jehaz The Austrian Government decided to resume On February 14 the Mayor of Vienna, Jonas, (Wien); Gertrude Traube (Wien); Grete Weincr diplomatic relations with Israel. It is expected that presented the Medal of Honour to the Director of (Roth-Kostcletz); Franz Hirsch (Teplitz-Schoenau); the Consulates General in Vienna and Tel Aviv will the American Joint, Theodore D. Feder. Leading Paul Gerngross (wahrscheinlich vormals Wien). be raised lo legations. personalities of the federal Capital attended the Der fruehere Wohnort folgender Personcn is On February 17 the Israeli Minister designate, ceremony. Burgomaster Jonas said: " In the past unbekannt:—Annemarie Gallia; Alfred Geiringer; Shmuel Bcntsur, paid a courtesy visit to the President one group of people, our Jewish fellow citizens, Friederike Horcizky; Franz Tczner; Maximilian of the Vienna Jewish community. Dr. Fimil Maurer, suffered more cruelly than all the others for they Winkler, Franz & Luise Krassny. which the latter reciprocated. had attracted the full fury of the National Socialist Den oben genannten Personen oder deren Rechts­ THREATENED SPLIT IN JEWISH COMMUNITY terror. We remember respectfully the many innocent nachfolger wird empfohlen Rat beim Austrian Desk victims of Nazi barbarism, our revulsion is directed des United Restitution Office, 1S3-I89, Finchley Orthodox representatives in the Vienna Jewish against all institutions and people, which inflicted Road, London, N.W.3, einzuholen. Community Council walked out of the Council such deep wounds to civilization and the idea of Meeting in March and threatened the resignation of humanity." ZUWENDUNGEN FUER RASSISCH some 600 Orthodox Jews as members of the Com­ VERFOLGTE NICHTJUDEN munity. Das Bundesministerium der Finanzen gibt bekannt: The leader of the three Agudas Visroal members VIENNA JEWS PROTEST Personen, die aus rassisclien Gruenden waehrend of the Council asserted the Socialist leadership of des nationalsozialisti-schen Regimes durch Verfol­ the community was unconcerned about religious The E.xecuiive of the Jewish community of Vienna gungsmassnahmen geschaedigl wurden und im problems. He demanded that the new council, adopted a resolution in which they protest against Zeitpunkt der Verfolgung nicht der juedischen elected only recently, should be disbanded. the release of Gestapo-Kriminairat Sanitzcr after his Glaubensgemeinschaft angehoerten, koennen zur The President of the Council, Dr. Maurer, com­ return to Austria. An Austrian Court had sentenced Abwendung einer Nollage aus einem von der Bundes- menting on the charges, said that the Socialist party Sanitzer U) hard labour for life as a war criminal. regicrung bereitgestellten Fonds Zuwendungen er­ within the Council was willing to co-operate with any The Jewish community demand the immediate arrest halten. Antraege auf Zuwendungen koennen unter Jewish group except the Communists. He insisted of Sanitzcr. They furthermore urge that the last Darlcgung dcr pcrsoenlichen und wirLschaftlichen thai as long as there was one religious Jew in Vienna returnees from the Soviet Union and in particular Verhaeltnisse bei dem Regierungspraesidcnten — religious problems would be of concern for the the butchers of Jews in Kolomea, Stryj and Droho- Ent.schaedigungsbehoerde -in Koeln, Zeughaus- community. Dr. Maurer counter-charged the spokes­ bycz, should be taken into custody and Ihut legal strassc 4, gestellt werden. man of the Agudas of seeking to split the community. proceedings should be started against them. AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 Page 3 TWO FUNCTIONS IN GERMANY ANGLO-JUDAICA Reconstruction in Europe President Heuss opens "Brotherhood Week" Politicians everywhere have to further understanding Plans for religious, educational and cultural work between members of different religions and races, The " Brotherhood Week," arranged for by the in Europe as a result of the Jewish Consultative but in Germany this problem is aggravated by various local " Societies for Christian-Jewish Co­ Conference held in London last June, were worked shame and guilt. operation " all over Germany, has become for years out by the Anglo-Jewish Association in co-operation Federal President Theodor Heuss a fairly common feature of public life. This year, with the American Jewish Committee and the Alliance at the opening ceremony of Brotherhood Week instead of just broadcasting a general introduction. Israelite Universelle. The purpose of this action is Professor Heuss, the protector of that movement, lo weld the Jews of Europe into a family of com­ addres.sed a gathering in Bonn which included Federal On two occasions within 14 days towards the munities, it was stated by the re-elected President of Ministers, representatives of the Diplomatic Corps, the AJA on his return from the USA. beginning of March, it was a privilege and, at the the Universities, the Churches, the municipal authori­ same time, a pleasure to listen to two humanitarians ties, etc. What he said was very much to the point. speaking on subjects affecting the existence both of Support for Israel Indemnification, he said, was a matter for Parliament In the first week of the 1956 JPA campaign in Judaism and Jewry. Dr. Leo Baeck, upon invitation and administration and nol for Chrislian-Jewi.sh of Frankfort University, opened the recently estab­ Britain, £763,000 was raised towards the target of co-operation, as envisaged by the groups set up for £2,500,000. The campaign was launched by Mr. lished " Loeb Lectures " with .an outstanding and this purpose. However, to make good in a moral widely reported academic address on " Revolution Isaac Wolfson, after an address by Dr. Yigal Yadin, sense-" nicht lediglich an den anderen, sondern sich former C-in-C of Israel's armed forces. and Renaissance," and the German Federal President, selber, an sich selber"—was the problem. "Toler­ Professor Dr. Thcodor Heuss, in officially inaugura­ In 1955 British Jewry had raised for Israel about ance," a term used too easily, was to be more or £2,500,000, including £1,250,000 through the JPA. ting the 1956 " Brotherhood Week," spoke in Bonn less dismissed, since it had turned out that too much on moral restitution. The comparative figure for the whole of Jewry was tolerance was exercised in favour of the intolerant. £27m. Since the establishment of Israel, An'^lo-Jewry Dr. Baeck lectures in Frankfort Professor Heuss, who at the beginning emphasized has contributed £18m. out of a total of £225m. In his lecture, attended by professors and students his friendly ties with Jews from his schooldays, look The Zionist Federation held a big meeting demand­ of Frankfort University as well as by a number of the opportunity of condemning in strong words ing " Arms for Israel." It was addressed by repre­ guests, Jews and non-Jews, alike from Frankfort and recent occurrences such as certain Court judgements sentatives of all political parlies as well as Jewi.sh elsewhere. Dr. Baeck explored an important chapter and academic appointments and, in particular, leaders. A vigorous attack on the Foreign Office of the history of the human spirit. He stressed the referred to certain periodicals and brochures which diplomacy was launched at the Poale Zion Annual significance of revolution and renaissance, phenomena he described as products of " political pornography." Conference by Mr. E. Shinwell, M.P. so far not sufficiently recognized. Neither Hegel's In this connection, he warned of the danger that the Support for Israel was also voiced by the Leader doctrine of " thesis—anti-thesis-synthesis " nor, " eternal German economic miracle" should not of the Opposition. In an address to the Professional about 100 years later, Oswald Spengler's cultural make one lose sight of the elfects of such ugly mani­ Men's JPA Committee, Mr. Gaitskell said: " The theory of " Beginnen —Erstarken—Vergehen " could festations. Stale of Israel must not be left defenceless at the mercy be considered adequate. Revolution, Dr. Baeck Dr. Heinrich Vockel, the permanent Berlin repre­ of the Arabs; not only Jews but many non-Jews as pointed out, represents a new standard and a new sentative of the German Federal Republic, also well would regard the disappearance of Israel as a standpoint. The Jewish Law, e.g., by stressing the spoke. Professor Dr. Helmut Gollwitzer, presiding complete world tragedy." right of the poor instead of that of the rich, created over the meeting, expressed thanks lo Professor On the Conservative side, Mr. Randolph Churchill a revolution in the history of mankind; therefore, Heuss for his untiring efforts to warn the German attacked the Prime Minister and " his coterie of to Hegel's teachings the Jewish people were " die people. Arabisls in the Foreign Office." He received support grosse Verlegenhcit." On the other hand, the E. G. lx)WENTHAL (Bonn) from a former prominent anti-Zionist, Lord Killearn, phenomenon of renaissance, the revival and dynamic one time British representative in Cairo. of spirit as proved by the existence of the 3,000 year- MESSAGE OF S.P.D. old Jewish people, did not fit into Spengler's theory Education either. " A people," Leo Baeck concluded, " does The Socialist member of the Bundestag, Dr. Fritz The Central Council for Jewish Religious Education nol gain new life through victories, and no people Wendel writes in the Sozialdemokratisclwr Prcssc- in the United Kingdom has increased, by 50 per cent, will perish from defeat." Spiritual renaissance would dienst: "The feelings of sincere Christians during its support received from the provinces. The financial the persecution of the Jews in the Third Reich, which contribution now is £215, while the London Board always be a matter of moral strength. ihey then expressed by every possible means, and the This special lecture was an event. Both Professor of Jewish Religious Education makes a grant of help they gave, all this should now be continued and, £1,000 a year. Dr. Max Horkheimer, the sociologist, well-known if possible, find its consummation. The Christian for his writings on prejudice and related subjects, considers antisemilism, whether its cause is racial In order to avoid a £20,000 deficit during the next speaking also on behalf of the Rector, and Professor hatred or anything else, as the most godless kind few years, the Manchester Hebrew Education Board Dr. Gottfried Weber, the Dean of the Philosophical of self-pride. proposes to raise its fees from 2s. 6d. to 4s. per child Faculty, welcomed Dr. Baeck and paid tribute both a week. Out of the 1,800 children attending classes, to his personality and his academic and humanitarian payment is made by 650. work. PRESIDENT OF BUNDESTAG nCHTS NAZIS Unjustified criticism of Jews' College, denying its The " Loeb Lectures " which, after an interval of At Radio " Freies Berlin " President Dr. Gersten­ competence as an institution which promoted the almost a quarter of a century, will enable Frankfort maier repeated, what he had discussed previously appreciation and practice of Orthodox traditional University to hold courses on Jewish religious philo­ with representatives of the parliamentary parties, Judaism, was deprecated by the Chief Rabbi. The sophy, Jewish history and culture, thus widening the viz., that Slate and Parliament should be courageous College, he said stood today as a tower of strength scope of the Philosophical Faculty, are being made enough lo take action against the " shameless and and hope for the future guidance and continuity of possible with the help of a grant, amounting to 5,000 arrogant activities " of former leading Nazis. He Anglo-Jewry. dollars p.a., from the Eda Kuhn Loeb Trust Fund demanded a strict differentiation between mere party A new Dayan has been appointed for the Beth in the United Stales. Professor Horkheimer, in membership and active participation in crimes. Din, Rabbi M. Steinberg. Staling that ihey had long negotiating with Mr. Allan M. Stroock, one of the been perturbed by the fact thai there are too few trustees, was instrumental in obtaining the grant for CHURCH AND JUDAISM Dayanim at Ihe Beth Din, the Council of the United the next five years, and Dr. Baeck, being aware of This was the subject of a Study Conference, which Synagogue, in a report, revealed that a world-wide the need of some sort of instruction on the " Wissen­ the Protestant committee for service to Israel held search had been undertaken for an eminent halachic schaft des Judenlums " within the framework of a In Luebeck from February 2 to March 3. Whole scholar to fill the gap left by the retirement some German University, gave his advice. forms of local schools took part in discussions. years ago of Dayan Abramsky. The United Syna­ gogue also has difficulty in finding an adequate number of Chazanim. Professor Samson Wright Professor Samson Wright, the distinguished LONDON'S BEST 'ESPRESSO' COFFEE WITH physician and teacher of medecine who died last month, was deeply interested in humanitarian matters, and the persecution of the Jews in Germany caused DELICIOUS CONTINENTAL CAKES AND PASTRIES him the greatest distress. He was a leading figure in the relief movements and worked himself to the point of exhaustion on behalf of refugee scholars. CAN BE HAD FROM 8 a.m. TILL 8 p.m. He also look much interest in teaching and research in Israel. AT Rabbi Dr. Gustav Pfingsl, of Leeds, formerly Landsbcrg-an-der-Warlhe, has been appointed Minister to the Aberdeen Hebrew Congregation as RICHARD MATTES & CO. from April 1, 1956. He was previously Minister in Cheltenham and, until now, with the Sinai (Reform) THE MODERN FOOD STORE Synagogue, Leeds. 122a FINCHLEY ROAD, LONDON, N.W.3 Friends of Yiddish (Oppostt* Finchley Road Tuba Station) In celebration of the Tercentenary, the Friends of Yiddish afe to publish a " Jubilee Almanac " of Telephone: SWIts Cottage 3366/7. over 200 pages devoted to various aspects of Jewish life fn this country. The contributors include most •.. * . . t... of the Yiddish writers in London, and the editor is Mr. A. N. StencI, the indefatigable Yiddish literateur. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 Hans Lieheschiietz: KURT PINTHUS GERMAIN JEWRY IN UJ For his 70tb Birthday on April 29th, 1956. When Kurt Pinthus left Nazi Germany for USA A SYMPOSIUM in 1938, he entered a new country well aware of his past achievements as a literary and theatre critic. A recently published book* discusses the immigrant started his economic career as a Therefore, a leading US literary historian. Prof. different aspects of its theme in five contributions, pedlar, who provided isolated farms and villages Victor Langc, only confirmed his repute as an expert which are loosely co-ordinated. Selma Stsrn- of border districts with haberdashery, knives on modern expressionism when he referred to his Taubler connects and contrasts the beginning of and jewelry. The first ware of such a " basket "comprehensive and crystallizing anthology 'Mcnsch- German Jewish settlement in America with the pedlar" was brought on credit. The second heitsdammerung' (1920)." Indeed, with this conditions in the old home land. Eric Hirshler's, stage was the acquisition of a horse and cart, anthology, Kurt Pinthus created a representative article which surveys 250 years of history in which characterized the " wagon baron," who manifesto of this literary movement: it offered nol 82 pages, with the emphasis on social and became " store prince," when he had succeeded only a substantial survey of the keynotes in the work of its outstanding figures, but also defined their economic development, forms the core of the in establishing himself as a merchant in a town. place in contemporary I iterature in a penetrating book. Bernard Weinryb analyses the character The expansion of the country with its growing analysis. This anthology gathered in the aftemiath and mental attitude of the immigrants before needs gave such trading great possibilities of of the first world war's holocaust. 1860 in contrast to the type prevalent among success. Since the middle of the nineteenth Its collector and interpreter was born in Erfurt. the later waves of immigration from Germany. century the economic vanguard moved into He took his degree of a Ph.D. at the University of Adolf Kober and Albert Friedlander deal with clothes production (with the help of the sewing Leipzig where he made contact with an ambitious spiritual and cultural influences and currents machine, which entered the market in 1849) and circle of young expressionist poets and writers like throughout the period. Kober's article includes banking; later came the development of the Hasenclever and others. As he was noted as the a paragraph in which he sketches the impact of departmental shop and the mail post business. leading exponent of a victorious literal^ trend, This trend was strengthened by the appearance publishers as well as stage producers sought his Zionist ideas on American Jewry. An appendix services as literary adviser, and when he shifted to offers some letters taken from the Felsenthal of a new type of immigrant from Central Europe Berlin, he became one of the leading journalists and collection written to the American rabbi by after 1860, influenced by German thought and critics on the merit of his rare combination of Zunz, Geiger and Felix Adler. There are biblio­ well-trained professionally. From this group academic thoroughness, sense for the intellectual graphical notes to all chapters except the first, came the creators of a new kind of banking, currents of the day and capacity for forming a quick but the reader will feel the lack of an index as where the emphasis lay on the transfer of but balanced judgment. Even his feuillctons, a real deficiency. European capital to the New World. though written with Viennese charm, were not only entertainment, but also food for thought. First Immigration Wave There was a parallel development in the We have to gauge Kurt Pinthus' successful ad­ religious field. The defeat of the liberal cause vocacy of expressionism against the background of The American conception of the moving after 1848 brought scholars to America, who the fierce attack which the most influential critic of frontier as the strongest motive force in social were shaped by the forces of German civilization that time, Alfred Kerr, launched against it. Although in a double way: Directly by the influence of Kerr eulogized the genius of "objective" literary development was recently applied to the whole criticism Lessing, he was prone to strong subjectivism, of modern European history. Certainly Jewish classical German literature, indirectly by the while Kurt Pinthus preserved the best Lessing tradi­ history offers a good illustration, especially if new Jewish learning, as it had been established tion. one does not understand the term strictly in the new centres of Breslau and Berlin. The After 1933 Kurt Pinthus placed himself at the dis­ verbatim in the geographical sense, but includes Reform Synagogue in its various forms, charac­ posal of his fellow-Jews in Germany when they tried the opening up of new fields of human en­ teristic of American Jewry in the second half of to build up a " self-sufficient" cultural life, and, in deavours. The first immigration of German Jews the century, was formed by these men, who particular, his pen helped considerably to develop the into America about 1700, coincided with the ri.se started their work as preachers with a firm belief " C.V.-Zeitung." of the Court Jew in Central Europe. It was the in the Messianic idea and in the humanitarian Though over fifty at the time of his emigration, he first phase in a social transformation, which power of Goethe's and Schiller's work. found in USA the opportunity of using his extra­ ordinary gifts. He held lectures on the contemporary slowly brought the Jew back into the world. In this context one difference is noticeable. drama and theatre at the New York " New School Eighteenth century Absolutism in Germany had The middle-class Jew in Central-Europe remained for Social Research." This resulted in his being to find new financial resources both for its the most tenacious believer in politics as a means appointed a staff member of the Washington organization of power and for its needs of to special and moral betterment of mankind, "Library of Congress" in 1941, and ultimately in representation, which the gentile middle class when this creed of early liberalism had lost all his lectureship on History of the Theatre at Columbia with their traditional technique and practice University. Alongside of this splendid academic power with his gentile neighbours. In the demo­ career he covered the literary scene with innumerable could not procure unaided. It was at that time, cratic environment of North America the Jewish too, that the Sephardim in Western Europe reviews in the weekly periodiail " Aufbau," wrote a situation and the preaching of the modern Rabbi fine study of the life and death of his friend Ernst became an important link in the overseas trade, did not bring about similar differentiation. The Toller, assembled a bibliography of the emigrants' which touched Germany at its coastal edge in great issue of the late fifties, the institution of literature in German language, prepared a new Hamburg. All these movements took place while slavery in the southern states did not raise any edition of his " Menschheitsdammerung " as well as the mediaeval idea of religious uniformity was marked response among the majority of the Jews. a fruit of his research work: a book " Vorgeschichte breaking down under the weight of a hundred des Theaters." Now, at the age of 70, he can take years of religious warfare in Europe. But the price in this record. Confrontation witli Russian Jews impact of these factors on the general status of F. FRIEDLAENDER German Jewry took a long time to develop. The immigration of Jews escaping from the During the 18th century the great majority re­ persecution in the Russian empire between 1880 mained underpriviledged, and in many cases and 1914 shows some parallelism with that of younger sons were deprived of the right to estab­ their predecessors from Germany at the end of Jewry as a mosaic of individual cases, or is it lish a family in the place where their parents the eighteenth century. They came from the more profitable to reconstruct the types who have lived. It was from these circles that the typical unbroken Jewish tradition of the Middle Ages, dominated the past and to use the stories of German Jewish immigrant to America came. having no intimate contacts with the modern individuals in careful .selection as illustrative He was a young man, who had emigrated early world and no money. But they had a much examples ? The volume as a whole with its in life normally without much Hebrew learning stronger will to preserve their national identity variety of methods reads like an experiment in or strong feeling for community life. But here a subterranean influence of contemporary this field. I believe the result confirms what the nevertheless he possessed a good deal of Jewish­ currents can probably be traced^and they general character of our diaspora history makes ness which found expression in the Yiddish remained massed in compact settlements on the us expect. Jewish community life was not language of the letters he sent home and in the Eastern seabord and in Chicago. The German characterized by the great actions and men of emphasis on the little Hebrew he knew. The Jews, having established themselves in the destiny, who form the subject of classical historical character of this immigration did not change clothing industry, employed great numbers of writing from Herodotus to Ranke. Our post- very much in the early nineteenth century, when them, whom their training in tailoring qualified biblical contribution was made quietly by the the little town and village in Bavaria and South for this start in the New World. The initial cumulative effort of many individuals, mainly in Western Germany did not offer many prospects difficulties between the newcomers from East and the private sphere. Modern historical research to the Jewish apprentice under the given legal their predecessors from Central Europe inherent has well assimilated sociological methods to deal end economic conditions. (Prussia with its both in the social situation and in the difference with such phenomena. The reader of the two growing capital offered better opportunities both of emotional and intellectual attitudes were over­ chapters on the spiritual and intellectual develop­ for legal and for economic reasons). At this come when the new wave from Germany arrived ment of American Jewry may feel that in this time, pocket editions of prayer books were after 1933. field also a description of types might have been printed for those " crossing the sea." The So far we have attempted to summarize the the best approach. The interest in the many material and the generalisations offered by the individuals who have done spade work, can •Eric E. Hirsliler (Ed.)-Jews from Germany in the United easily be satisfied by such as biographical list as States with an Introduction by Max Grucnewald. Farrar, Straus various contributors in the volume. There & Cudahy, New York (1935). 182 pp. Sponsored by the remains one final question of method. Must we Dr. Kober has supplied for scholars and rabbis m American Federation of Jews from Central Etu*ope on the his modest-looking but very valuable appendix. occasion of the Tercentenary of American Jewry. build up the comprehensive picture of German AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 ge 5 FROM THE GERMAN SCENE Old Acquaintances Home News:—Mariatme Kupfer-Deeraing and MORE ANTISEMTTISM LN WESTERN THE SOVIET ZONE AND THE NAZIS Frederick Valk will be in Peter Ustinov's new comedy GERMANY ? At a Press Conference in Eastern Berlin, Western "Romanoff and Juilet."—Walter Rilla's son Wolf The Central Council of the Jews in Germany in a journalists asked questions about the Nazi past of signed a contract to direct three British pictures.— statement draws public attention to the fact that in some of the leading personalities in the Zone. One Rudolphe Cartier Katscher who produced " Mayer- recent times antisemitic remarks are on the increase. reporter asked whether it was true that the Inspector ling " with Mai Zetterling on TV will repeat it on the The Council complains that the demand of the General of the Soviet Zone police, Vincent Mueller, stage for Henry Sherek soon. —Dr. Max Brenner President of the Bundestag, Dr. Gerstenmaier, that as one of Hitler's high army officers, was responsible adapted and subtitled the German film " It happened all pensions, paid to former active Nazis, should be for the liquidation of Jews and that the State prose­ on the 20th of July" directed by G. W. Pabst.- revised, has not been complied with. cutor of the Zone, Dr. Melsheimer, was an official Peter Zadek directed Leo Lehman's " Who cares ? " under the Nazi Ministry of Justice. The Soviet Zone at the " Q " Theatre. - Fritz Hochwaelder's " The representative in charge of the Conference gave Strong are lonely," which was a success in the West- ISRAELIS STILL NEED VISAS FOR THE evasive answers and promised some more enlighten­ end will be shown at the Edinburgh Festival with FEDERAL REPUBLIC Donald Wolfit.-Erna Pinner's book "Curious ment later. Creatures" was published in Holland; it has now Whilst West Germany now admits visitors from six foreign editions. —Dorothea Gotfurt went to many countries without prior issue of a visa, it is Hamburg to attend the first-night of " No Trees in not willing to relax vi.sa requirements for Israeli Protest Rally in Berlin citizens. the Street " which she adapted into German. —Berlin In sponsoring a Social Democratic motion to The ease of Dr. Otto Bracutigam (see previous born Ernest Bornemann joined the Granada TV abolish the need for entry visas in the case of Israeli issue of " AJR Information ") served as slogan for group as producer. —" The Threepenny Opera" has visitors. Bundestag deputy Dr. Karl Mommer argued a big East Berlin protest rally " against the Bonn been transferred to the Aldwych Theatre. that " we have moral obligations toward the citizens Jew Killers and Pogrom Heroes." The speakers Germany: -M. Beheim-Schwarzbach will adapt of Israel that should prompt us ta handle this matter included the communist novelist Stefan Hennlin, the "Richard III" into German. —Carl Zuckmayer is as liberally as possible." actress Helene Weigel, and Stephan Heymann, East writing the sub-titles to " The Man with the Golden German ambas.sador to Warsaw. Arm." —Ernst Deutsch fell ill while touring West- Germany in " Nathan " and had to interrupt his DIET ELECTIONS IN BADEN-WUERTTEMBERG journey. -W. R. Heymann, the composer, who The only extremist right-wing party, the Deutsche An appeal assailing the danger of Fascist influence returned from the States to Germany, celebrated his Gemeinschaft, which recently took part in the on the Bonn Government was signed by two Jewish 60th birthday. -Friedrich Hollaender's new musical elections for the Landtag of Baden-Wuerttemberg literary figures Victor Klemperer, Professor of " Scherzo" flopped in Hamburg; Siegfried Arno received 0.4% of all votes cast. Romance languages at Halle University, and the played the lead. —Hugo Schuster and his wife Sybil author Arnold Zweig. Rares returned for good from London to West- Germany.—Ernst Stahl-Nachbaur celebrated his 70th PRISON FOR ANTISEMITISM birthday in Berlin.- In May Anton Walbrook will The Court of Appeal in Ulm rejected a house NAZI PROSECUTOR'S PENSION come to play Hofmannsthal's " Der Schwierige" painter's appeal who was sentenced to two months The Federal Ministry of the Interior has reduced under Leo Mittler's direction in Duesseldorf.— imprisonment. He had said in a pub that if to-morrow by one-third the pension of the former prosecutor Gottfried Reinhardt finished his first German film all Jews die, he would get drunk as a celebration. at the Nazi Volksgerichtshof Lautz after disciplinary " Vor Sonnenuntergang " in Berlin, with Albers. The Judge of Appeal described these words as actions had been taken on account of " misuse of U.S.A.—The " Golden Globe," the annual award " shameless and humiliating." his oflice." of Hollywood's foreign Press Association was given to the German film " Children, Mothers, and a General," but Eric Pommer, the producer, couldn't accept it personally because he is ill in hospital.— Dr. JErich Lueth of Hamburg, founder of the German " Peace with Israel" movement is on a lecture tour in the States.—Grete Mosheim will produce " Good­ Ex-German Jews in the News bye again" on Broadway. —Lilli Palmer will play " Taming of the Shrew " on TV in New York and A NEW VOICE EXHIBITION CURT HERRMANN return to Germany to act in an " Anastasia " picture. Music-lovers must have been thrilled when they In March the Matthiesen Gallery held a memorial - Georg Frocschel is scripting " Marjorie Morning- read the other day about " A New Kind of Voice " - exhibition for the well-known German-Jewish painter star."—Billy Wilder is preparing a re-make of a London girl, Jenny Johnson, who can sing four-and- Curt Herrmann (1854-1929). Herrmann was born in " Ariane " with Audrey Hepburn and Gary Cooper, a-half octaves. This is extraordinary as the normal Merseburg, then, as Max Liebermann, he became a and an " Oberst Redl" film. -Walter Reisch is range of the human voice is, according to experts, pupil of Steffeck. Much in demand as a portrait writing the script for " A Roomful of Roses." — " an octave below and above" the middle note. painter, he was at the same time an excellent teacher. Ludwig Marcuse of the University of California will Now Jenny is the pupil of a Jewish refugee, Mr. When he was over 40 he left, as it seemed to him, come to Europe to lecture at Berlin's " Free Univer­ Alfred Wolfsohn, who came to England in 1939. outworn traditionalism, and adopted the impressionist sity."—Bruno Walter who will be eighty on Sept. 15 He has described how he happened on his discovery. technique. Soon he took the pointillist Seurat as his conducts Mozart's " Requiem" in the Holywood When he was a child, he dwelt in imagination on master and thus he became the most authentic Bowl. —Richard Oswald formed a company for the the Voice of God: what exactly would it should like? representative of this luminous art in Germany. production of a TV series "The last half-hour." — In the first World War (an article in the Observer The exhibition in London gave a very good idea of Fritz Lang's next picture will be " Beyond a reasonable says) his musician's ear was struck by the high pitch the artist's development, his great gifts and his very doubt." and clarity of the screams of the wounded. After fine sense of colour. The painter's son is an architect Obituaries:- V^iWy Prager, the lovable actor and the war he was attracted to the work of Freud, Jung and lives in London. cabaretist died in Berlin at the age of 79. Born in and Adler, and became interested in the connection Silesia, he joined Rudolf Nelson, and survived the between, on the one hand, emotional relaxation and DISTINCTIONS Hitler years in Germany. How he did it, one could the removal of deep fears, and, on the other, the The honorary degree of Doctor of Letters was see in the early post-war film " Ehe im Schatten " degree of control exercised by the mind, both con­ conferred on Dr. Felix Jacoby, the classical scholar, where Prager played a Jew who was not permitted scious and unconscious, over the body—in this case, at Oxford. Dr. Jacoby who is 79, was formerly a to enter a shelter during the worst bombing.—The the vocal chords. He became a remedial voice professor at Kiel University and came to Oxford as opera singer Elisabeth von Endert has died in Zurich trainer, helping singers and other to recover the use a refugee in 1939. at the age of 80. She belonged to the " Hof-Oper " of their voices when they had lost it through strain, Monica, 20-year-old daughter of Dr. Werner van in Dresden and Berlin.-The Russian actor Michael or even through disease. der Zyl, Minister of the N.W. Reform Synagogue, Rasumny who was with Max Reinhardt for a time Golders Green, scored a fine success on the stage. died in Hollywood. He was 65. —Andre von Laban, She is appearing in " Almost a Stranger " which is the stage designer son of Rudolf von Laban, died in AUTHOR OF UNITED NATIONS PAMPHLET being shown at the Theatre Royal, Brighton, and Basle.—Vera Brueghel died in Ascona at the age In the series of information notes for the use of may later be brought to London. of 46; she was the widow of the Czech writer and teachers, speakers and discussion leaders jointly diplomat.—Kurt Levinstein, director of Berlin's published by the United Nations Association and The Law Faculty of Wuerzburg University has " Franzoesisches Gymnasium" died, aged 79. the Council for Education in World Citizenship, renewed the Doctor Diploma of Dr. Bruno Weil, He had survived the war in Germany and taken Dr. F. L. BrasslofT has written a comprehensive New York, on the occasion of his Golden Doctor an active part in the work of the re-established pamphlet on Human Rights. Dr. Bra.sloff is attached Jubilee. In its covering letter the Dean pays tribute Jewish community.—Lorenz Hagenbeck, in Hamburg, to the World Jewish Congress, London, and to the to Dr. Weil's outstanding services to legal science, aged 74. United Restitution Oflfice. both in his old and his new homeland. " Smiling Joe "—" No one's going to get sick or die in my pictures; that's no sort of entertairmient," writes Joe Pasternak in his autobiography " Easy the Hard Way " published by Putnams in New York, and he kept his promise and became Metro-Goldwyn- OLD MASTERS Mayer's most successful producer. Born as the son at the of a poor Hungarian " shammas," J.P. started as a waiter in New York, He discovered Fiatuiska Gaal, Deanna Durbin, and Esther Williams, to name only ALFRED BROD GALLERY a few of his stars. 36 Sackville Street, London, W.i. PEM Page 6 AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 STAATSSEKRETAER a.D. SCHAEFFER ISMAR FREUND : IN MEMORIAM On the 11 th April of this year Dr. Ismar Freund SEVENTY would have celebrated his 80th birthday. But he was not destined to see this day. He passed away some The Upright Jew In the crucial days when first reaction and weeks ago in Israel. And so, instead of the tribute On April 11 Dr. Hans Schaeffer will be a then barbarism invaded public life in Ger­ which had been planned to the man himself, this has many, those who had the whole burden of had to become an obituary. septuagenarian. He is a man who always In his own way, Ismar Freund was an extraordinary shunned the limelight of publicity. He the Jewish task on their shoulders could call man. He was born in Breslau and studied Jewish rather hked to be hidden beliind his work, on him for advice and assistance on many theology at the " Rabbinerseminar" of his home he wished his deeds to be his words. And occasions. He wanted to prove he was a town as well as law at the town's University. This they always spoke, and do speak, a clear, rare but by no means inexplicable combination of Jew. And in this regard, there was a singular rabbinical and legal-academic knowledge was the an audible language. He has his firm and trait in his personality: his noble friendship, vital factor conditioning his life and career. It led steady conviction; to keep this conviction from the days of his youth, with Cora him to activities within big Jewish organizations. was his only ambition. His aspiration was, In 1902 he became a member of the administration and is, to stand for what is right. Berliner, one of the best, and the bravest, of the Berlin Jewish Community and later of the we had in our Jewish Community, one of the " Gemeindevorstand." In 1905 he started teaching In the years of the first German Republic at the " Lehranstalt"—called "Hochschule" since when the doors of the Civil Service were best, and the bravest in the danger-zone of 1922—"fuer die Wissenschaft des Judentums." He opened also to the Jews, Hans Schaeffcr the " Reichsvertretung", a good genius gave a series of most illuminating lectures to the wherever she was. student Rabbis on his special subject, " Staats- attained there to one of the highest positions; kirchenrecht." Of his academic publications the he came to be a leading ofiicial of the Our warmest congratulations and heartfelt best known are " Die Rechtstellung der Juden im " Reichswirtschaftsininisteriuin " and later good wishes go out to Hans Schaeffer — Preussischen Volksschulrecht" (1908) and, above on " Staatssekretar iin Reichsfinanzminis- all, his two volumes on " Die Emanzipation der wishes for all that his life means. Juden in Preussen," which was published in 1912 terium," that is: Permanent Under-Secretary on the centenary of the day when the Jews of the to the Treasury. Many people might have LEO BAECK. former State of Prussia were given the status of looked at him there critically and perhaps citizens. He was active in fighting for the preservation with some prejudice, but very soon he Glueckwunsch aus Deutschland of the rights of Jewish citizens in his capacity of Board member of the " Centralverein." jWhen the succeeded in gaining everyone's respect, also Am II. April 1956 kann Dr. Hans Schaeffer in Jewish parties fought out their battle over diverging that of opponents and adversaries. Ministers Joenkoeping, der Geburtsstadt des schwedischen policies and ideals, Freund held a middle course, open were coming and going, and he remained Zuendholzes, die Vollendung des siebzigsten Lebens­ to all justifiable religious, cultural and social tasks the " permanent," the guarantee for true jahres feiern. Nicht nur in seiner Wahlheimat of the day. Schweden wird aus diesem Anlass seiner gebuehrend After the war German like all other Jewry was constancy, the embodiment of righteousness. gedacht; auch in seinem deutschen Vaterlande sind He was surrounded and, no doubl, sometimes faced with entirely new problems. Freund was one es viele alte Freunde und Bekannle, die ihm zu of the main founders of the " Preussi.sche Landes­ pressed hard, by the politicians, but he never seinem Ehrentage von Herzen ihre Glueckwuensche verband Juedischer Gemeinden," an organization became one of them, he never became an entbieten und der Hoffhung Ausdruck geben, dass which, under increasingly difficult conditions, tried opportunist. At all times he was true to es ihm vergoennt sein nioege, in gewohnter Frische to help especially the smaller and medium sized noch viele Jahre zum Wohle des ihm anvertrauten Jewish communities from an economic and a religious- himself. There is an old saying that politics Werkes taetig sein zu koennen. Wer, wie der Ver- spoil the character. Hans Schaeffer showed cultural point of view. fasser, den Vorzug genosscn hat, durch lange Zeit Ismar Freund worked unceasingly trying to find that the character could also ennoble politics. mit Schaeffer in enger kollegialer Fuehlung zu bleiben the best legal way in which to incorporate the whole Jews in Germany could be proud of such a und sein berufliches Koennen wie sein tiefes mensch- liches Verstaendnis aus der Naehe zu beobachten, of German Jewry into the Weimar Republic. But man. der vermag erst die Schwere des Verlustes so recht he found many serious obstacles in his way, limiting zu ermessen, den Schaeffers erzwungener Weggang his work; however the organizations of which he was aus Deutschland fuer die Staette seiner aufopfernden a founder or one of the leaders, did much good work, und verantwortungsvollen Wirksamkeit dort bedeuten so long as they were allowed to exist independently. DOROTHY F. BUXTON—75 musste. Ismar Freund's last years were spent in Israel. There he put his knowledge and advice freely at the It has been the good fortune of our Community Ein kurzer Auszug aus Schaeffers Lebenslauf service of the young state, in its struggles to create that this country has always been conspicuous by laesst die Vielseitigkeit seiner Begabung sichibar a way of life. the great number of liberal minded personalities who werden. Er wurde am 11. April 1886 geboren, Ismar Freund was not an easy man to get on with identify themselves with the cause of minorities. studierte Rechtswis.sen.schaft in Genf und Bre.slau; and had many opponents, but no one would deny To-day we can congratulate one of the most shining hier promovierte er auch 1907. 1912 finden wir ihn that without him the whole scene of Berlin and examples of these crusaders, Mrs. Dorothy F. als Rechtsanwalt in Breslau. Nach dem crsten German Jewry would have been poorer. For his Buxton, who was 75 recently. For many decades Weltkriege, an deni er teilgenommen hatte, trat er was an outstanding personality. she had been an unrelenting fighter for justice and in das Reichswirtschaftsministerium ein und wurde fairness—" and always on an unpopular side," as schon 1923 zum Ministcrialdircktor ernannt. Die DR. JACOB JACOBSON she put it only a short while ago. When the Nazi von ihm geleitete Ministerialabteilung 1 hatte sich regime came to power, she devoted her energy to als schwerster Aufgabe dem Reparationsproblem the rescue work and also helped to disperse prejudice zu widmen, auf den internationalen Konferenzen OBITUARY against the new arrivals. No wonder that she became vertrat Schaeffer die deutschen Interessen. a personal friend to many refugees. The AJR 1929 wurde er als Staatssckretaer in das The death occurred of the architect Mr, H. S. considers it a great privilege that it could enlist ReichsHnanzministerium berufen. Die Bankenkrise Jaretzki, at the age of 65. He came to England Mrs. Buxton's invaluable help on many occasions, von 1931, in der er auf die gleichmaessige from Berlin in 1934. His works in this country include especially in connection with the fight for the Behandlung aller in Mitleidenschaft gezo- the Edgware Synagogue, which after its completion admission of the unregistered dental surgeons. gener Einlagen draengte, bot ein ekiatantcs BeispicI will be the largest Synagogue in the United Kingdom. Whoever meets Mrs. Buxton is bound to be deeply fuer seine rechtlichc Einstellung. 1932 schied Throughout the years Mr. Jaretzki was an interested impressed by her uncompromising righteousness, her Schaeffer aus dem Reichsdienst aus und uebernahm member of the AJR. Especially during the last undiminished fighting spirit and her human kind­ die Leitung des Ullstein-Verlages in Berlin. Von der period of his life he repeatedly lent us his selfless ness. The happy occasion of her birthday gives us nationalsozialislischen Regicrung wurde Schaclfer assistance and expert advice in our efforts towards an opportunity of expressing to her our gratitude aus seinem deutschen Wirkungskreis entfernt. Als the establishment of Homes for the Aged. He leaves and admiration and our best wishes for the future. ein Zcichen seines internationalen Ansehens ist seine a wide circle of friends who felt deeply attached to Wahl (neben John F. Dulles und Jean Monnet) in this gifted and kind-hearted man. His departure W.R. das " Norman Davis-Committee " anzusehen, das means a sad personal loss for them. The AJR ex­ nach dem Todc Ivar Kreugers den .schwedischen presses its sincerest sympathy to his bereaved family. Dr. Ertvln Lewek celebrated his 70th birthday on Zuendholzkonzern zu regulieren hatte; Schaeffer March 23. He has been an interested member of the siedelte 1936 nach Joenkoeping ueber und erwarb Dr. M. Seckbach passed away recently. He was a AJR for many years. Dr. Lewek came to this 1938 die schwedische Staatsangehoerigkeit. Nach well-known Doctor in Golders Green and his death country as one of the Dental Surgeons who first 1945 hat er jede sich ihni bietende Gelegenheit is mourned by many refugees in the district to whom rendered their professional services to the refugees at wahrgenommen, seine Taetigkeit auch wieder auf he was a trusted and devoted medical adviser. Kitchener Camp Richborough. He is now practising Deutschland zu erstrecken, wo er sich wiederholt on his own. Throughout his life Dr. Lewek has been der Bundesregierung als Berater in Fragen der closely associated with Jewish activities, especially deutsch-schwedischen Beziehungen zur Verfuegung Mr. Arnold Wiener who before his emigration had as a member of the K.C. where, long before 1933, stellte, und in Not Gcratencn nach Kraeften zu taken a leading part in Zionist activities in Upper he was one of the protagonists of the cause of^ helfen. Silesia, passed away in Israel, 80 years old. Palestine. His many friends here and abroad extend their best wishes to him. Die vielen Verehrer, die sich mit ihren besten It is announced with deep regret that Mrs. Kaethc Wuenschen zu Schaeffers Wiegenfest vereinen, werden Leehncr died suddenly. Mrs. Lechner was n charge Dr. Martin Roscnblucth, the well-known Zionist es gluecklich schaetzen, wenn dcr Jubilar auch ihrer of the Jewish Art Centre at 1, Broadhurst Gardens, leader celebrated his 70th birthday recently. He now freundlich gedenken moege. the traditional meeting place for many refugee or­ works in USA as the Financial Representative of ganisations. She will be gratefully remembered by all the State of Israel. STAATSSEKRETAER A.D. DR. HANS POSSE who knew her. AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 Page 7 Jacob Jacobson: ground, gave no written orders or instructions, but THE GATEWAY TO HELL left it to the Jewish elder to carry out his daily instructions. A History of Theresienstadt The situation of the Jewish Elder was a terribly Not so very long ago I reviewed Zdenek Lederer's Amongst the new arrivals of 1943 there were also difiicult one. He was responsible for building up excellent book, " Ghetto Theresienstadt " (London, Jews from Holland —Dutch ones as well as refugees the Ghetto physically and keeping up its morale Edward Goldstone and Son Ltd, 1953) in these who had emigrated to the Netherlands-and from spiritually; he had to try and achisve bearable living columns. It seemed to have said the last word Denmark. In that year, the number of arrivals conditions and to attempt to develop the Ghetto'^ on the subject of Theresienstadt. But that is not the amounted to more than 16,000 people, more than institutions. He needed to have courage and perspi­ case. For now Dr. H. S. Adler's book, much wider 18,000 were sent from there to almost certain death cacity, strength of character and dignity; he had to be in its scope, almost 800 pages long, has been pub­ in Auschwitz. By the end of the year there were less a first class organiser and yet, with all his qualities lished, in Tuebingen (J. B. C. Mohr, DM 38, broch. than 35,000 Jews in the ghetto of whom only 445 and responsibilities he had never to over-estimate DM 34) under the title "Theresienstadt 1941-45. were over 80 years of age. Transports and death his own importance or to become unapproachable. Das Antlitz einer Zwangsgemeinschaft"; the book had done their work again. Indeed, his whole personality had to win the con­ forms a part of Prof. Dr. Max Graf von Solm's The first half of 1944 saw the notorious, often fidence and respect of all the Ghetto irunates, not series of publications on sociology and philosophy described " Stadtverschoenerung" undertaken to only of a chosen circle of intimates. Apart from this of culture. This already indicates what aims Dr. impress the Danish-Swedish commission which he had to be able to deal with the all powerful SS Adler has set himself. Dr. Leo Baeck's preface visited the camp in June. In order not to let this command in the right way. But even if all these confirms that he also achieved them. commission suspect that this " model camp," with qualities had been combined in each of the n en When Czechoslovakia was occupied by German its ever shrinking living accommodation, was over- who became leader of the Jewish administration — troops. Dr. Adler was living in Prague. At the populated, another 7,500 people were removed to Jakob Edelstein from Prague, Dr. Eppstein from beginning of February, 1942, he, with his wife and Auschwitz. Thus the commission found only 28,000 Berlin and Dr. Murmelstein from Vienna there was relatives, was sent to Theresienstadt. There he became left in the camp, of whom over 1,600 were Servicemen, a limit to their efficaciousness and no one could a minor ofiicial in the administration and also worked wounded in battle. In this " verschoencrtc " town, have averted the catastrophes the Ghetto was fated as a craftsman and builder, until, eventually he with conditions improved, it became possible to put to suffer. became assistant librarian. In addition to this, he I'lside for the moment the threat of transports to The Role of Jewish Leaders gave lectures. His wife—the book is dedicated to other camps. And then the final and the worst her memory—was the head of the central medical catastrophe broke over their heads at the beginning Endowed with powers and respoasibility by the laboratory in Theresienstadt until, at the beginning of the Jewish New Year. On September 27, 1944, SS, the Jewish administration certainly tried to save of October, 1944, she and her husband and her Paul Eppstein, Edelstein's successor as Camp Elder, many lives. Within its limitations under appallingly mother were transported to Auschwitz. Both the was arrested and executed in the " Kleine Festung." diflicult conditions, it did a praiseworthy job and women died there. Dr. Adler himself was sent to Then, up to the end of October, more than 18,000 contributed greatly to making life more bearable for several more camps before the liberation. Then he inmates of the ghetto were sent on transports to the the inmates. That must be recognised, even if, with returned to Prague where he worked with the Jewish East in an uninterrupted stream. Only 11,000 Dr. Adler, one deplores the bureaucracy and corrup­ Museum on compiling an archive about the years of remained behind in the ghetto, more than two-thirds tion of the self-important otticialdom in the adminis­ persecution and the Theresienstadt camp. He was of whom were women. It was like a miracle that the tration -from the top down to the kitchen personnel - able to make use of the papers and documents of entire Theresienstadt ghetto was not liquidated, like tration - from the top down to the kitchen the Jewish administration he managed to bring from so many other eastern ghettos and that the " End- personnel. The principle of evil, which for Dr. Adler Theresienstadt, as well as a mass of other material — loesung der Judenfrage " was not solved by removing is embodied in National Socialism, worked as it were some of it collected by the Wiener Library in London. all its irunates to the gas chambers of Auschwitz. like borrowed clothes on those who seemed to A critical bibliography —350 items on 50 clcsely But the gas chambers of Auschwitz stopped operating. assume its powers. Mechanical materialism, as printed pages —bears witness to the thoroughness of Nevertheless, there can be little doubt that the practised by the National Socialists, who had taken his work, as do the tabulated summary and the remaining inmates and the additional transports upon themselves the right to decide about life and glossary of words commonly in use in Theresienstadt. which arrived in 1945 were in danger of being death, infected those to whom they had relegated liquidated to the very last. their powers. The latter, too, became guilty. That The First Arrivals is how Dr. Adler seas and interprets the situation. The story of the camp of Thcresienstadt was not Theresienstadt, the little military garrison on the to be concluded before all the horror and misery of Dr. Adler has spared no one in trying to show Eger, not far from the confluence of the Eger and the this terrible time was forced on the consciousness of what was bad, inadequate and wrong in the Ghetto Elbe, has been referred to at dilferent times as a the ghetto inmates. From Labour and Concentration and how the individual, thrown from his sheltered closed camp, ghetto and Jewish settlement. But Camps tottered endless columns of ghostly skeletons, existence into this ."Zwangsgemeinschaft," was mostly it is called " Ghetto Theresienstadt." It thirteen to fifteen thousand, into the ghetto; a sight forced into participating in the general guilt. But he would be much more accurate to call it with Dr. no one who witnessed it will ever forget to the end goes further than this. No one before him —not even Adler " ein maskiertes Konzentrationslager." of his days. They carried typhoid with them into Lederer, whose book still retains its value—has done Up to the 20.11.41, the Theresienstadt project the camp. Once more death walked abroad—all the such thorough research, in such detail, with so much remained a secret for the Jews in Bohemia-Moravia. more tragically, when many who had held out till documentation; no one had analysed so pene­ Four days later the first " Aufbaukonimando" from now fell victims of the epidemic after the camp had tratingly even the most complex problems of the Prague, consisting of a few hundred men only, already been liberated. sociology of the Theiesienstadt Ghettb and presented arrived in Theresienstadt. Soon a second " Auf- Before the camp was finally freed from the threat his findings so clearly. The book leaves us in no baukommando," of 1,000 young men followed. of the SS, a transport of 1,200 had reached the safety doubt that, in spiic of outside pressure and ever- These two sections formed the core and the elite of of Switzerland, while the Danish Jews had been taken present danger, in spite of untold misery and suffering the camp, having arrived long before the first trans­ back in triumph. At the very end the International and inner tension, resulting from age and national ports. On the 4th December, 1941, the man who Red Cross took the camp under its protection. The differences, Theresiensladt had its positive achieve­ had been chosen as Jewish Elder, the former head of Russian army brought liberation. ments. And that speaks for all those involved, those the Prague " Palestina-Amt," Jakob Edelstein, engaged in physical work as well as those working arrived with his staff and an already prepared plan Majority Perished with their brains, the governing and the governed, of organisation. He arrived in a place which—so far What was the outcome of the three-and-a-half the robust and the refined, for all those who fell vic­ from his intentions and expectations—was to be for years of Theresienstadt ghetto ? 140 to 141 thousand tims to the powers of darkness. many thousands a place of suffering and terrible Jews—estimates vary a little-were deported to The atmosphere in Theresienstadt was loaded deprivation and for many more " the portal of Theresienstadt; 40,000 from Prague, 15,000 from with rumours, with hopes for an impending change death," as Ralph Oppenhcim called it (London, Vienna, 13,000 from Berlin, 9,000 from Bruerm and in the fortunes of war, with illusions which put aside 1948). 4,000 from Frankfurt a.M., to name only the main the danger of new transports or tried to minimise By the beginning of 1942, 7,500 Jews had been collection centres for deportation. About 88,000 the famine. The old people escaped to their memories sent to Theresienstadt. But already in January the were sent further east in 65 transports. Of these not of a fantastically exaggerated past, while the young first transport departed from Theresienstadt, to Riga more than 3,500 survived. Of those sent on the " old people's morale was consciously kept up by the (1,000, of whom 102 survived). In June, 1942, the age" transports, no one survived. Of those in thought of a future of national self-determination first transports arrived from Germany and Austria. Thercsienstadt 15,000 were children under 16, whilst and freedom. Past and present and hopes for the What was it that these poor, old, deluded men and 70,000 were over 65 years of age. Up to the arrival future met in the cultural activities and the extensive women found on arrival ? Instead of the comfortable of the victims from the concentration camps there lectures wnich took place in the Ghetto. Dr. Adler old age homes which they thought they had assured had been 33,500 deaths in Theresienstadt. The total has made good what 1 found to be missing in Lcderer's themselves with their " Hcim-Einkaufs-Vertraege," number exceeded 35,000. book; he has brought into proper prominence the they found inadequate accommodation, epidemics, The Theresienstadt " GhcUo," which the Jews had iniportance of Dr. Baeck, his personality and his vermin, hunger, lack of understanding, and finally hoped to be a refuge, was always at the mercy of the quiet unceasing work in the Ghetto. But it still seems deportation on so-called " Alterstransport" to SS camp command, who carried out their job in the to nie that he has not emphasised sufliciently the certain death. sense of Hitler's " Endloesung der Judenfrage." Even irresistable effect of his lectures, which overcame all In February, 1942, only 10 per cent of the inmates when they relaxed the pressure for a while, they were national differences and to which young and old, of Theresienstadt —this refers always to the ghetto still ready to carry out the orders of their SS superiors living under the shadow of transportation, thronged and not the adjacent Concentration Camp, known as and to serve their policy. The SS command, i.e., in through the darkened streets to the lecture hall in " Die Kleine Festung "—were over 65 years of age; effect the whole hierarchy of SS leaders who were an attic of the bairacks. These lectures taught and by August over fifty per cent. By the middle of concerned with the Jewish question, allowed the Jews consoled, gave meaning and perspective and pointed September the ghetto had 58,491 inmates, the a self-governing body with an Elder and a Council, to a world of regained humanity and a Jewry con­ greatest number at any one time. These figures were like a Lord Mayor and a Magistrate in a normal scious of its eternal task. soon reduced by transports to the East, " normal" town. They allowed, encouraged and even insisted on Theresienstadt Ghetto had as inmates people who as well as " Alterstransporte," and by death —7,000 the creation of a complex " civil service" and were Jews in the eyes of the National Socialists. died in the ghetto in September and October. At the apparently relegated to it some of their powers; but But, in fact, that included a considerable number of end of the year there were 49,000 souls in the ghetto, if the " wrong " use was made of these powers the people who were not of Jewish faith. After the but only one third were over 65, among them 1,700 blame inevitably fell back on the Jewish administra­ terrible October, 1944, for a time the camp consisted over 80. tion. The SS camp commandant kept in the back- Concluded overleaf, col. I Page 8 AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 Rabbi Dr. Max Eschelbacher: creation and achievement of this ideal was closely bound up with the emancipation. The Government A TEACHER AT A JEWISH YILUGE SCHOOL and the Jews themselves regarded schools and education as the way in which the status of the Jews The Life of my Grandfather Loew Eschelbacher (1804-1881) could be raised. Their children could not be accepted in the Christian State Schools —neither Christians The sixteen hundred year old history of German adopt surnames. Anyone called Eschelbacher today, nor Jews wanted that; especially as the education in Jewry has come to an end. It is in danger of being Catholic and Protestant schools was strictly Christian. goes back to him. This applied not only to scripture classes but pervaded completely forgotten. But this danger can be lessened My Grandfather Low was born between May, 1804, or avoided if anyone able to do so puts pen to paper all lessons. Therefore, the creation of special Jewish and May, 1805, as the third of five brothers. Thus he schools became a necessity; this, in turn, required to recount the story of his life and to perpetuate his was a few years younger than Zacharias Frankel and memories of his ancestors. So it may be a service certain preliminai7 conditions. Above all, trained a few years older than S. R. Hirsch and Abraham teachers were needed, and, up to that time, there to the history of German Jewry if I write down Geiger. These dates define the Jewish epoch in which what I know of my grandfather. Low Eschelbacher. were very few of these. In consequence the growth he lived. When he was only five years old, the above- of Jewish schools was extremely slow, the first ones Jews in Baden mentioned Edict of 1809 was passed and the little being opened in 1815. But the State took a hand in boy took part in the rejoicings of the whole com­ training teachers for Jewish State Schools. Two ways Our family comes from that part of Baden, which munity who were now no longer living by sufferance were open to young Jewish men who wanted to stretches from the eastern slopes of the Odenwald of the authorities and became fully privileged become teachers. They could go either to the Karls­ to the Taubergrund. Our ancestors already lived citizens. ruhe Lyceum or the Protestant Teachers' Seminary there in the first decades of the eighteenth century. Nine months after I was born, the seventy-five in the same town. Berthold Rosenthal, the historian It was my great-grandfather Michel who adopted the year old man wrote in October, 1880: " I was told of the Jewish State School in Baden, writes of this name of " Eschelbacher," when, according to the that my mother—may she rest in peace who passed Institute: " In Karlsruhe, a Protestant Teachers' Edict of January 13, 1809, the Jews in Baden had to on to a happier world at the early age of thirty-seven, Seminary was founded in 1823, which also accepted decided that 1 was to be a teacher of the Thorah, and Jewish students. Its director. Deacon Wilhelm Stern, 1 shall always be grateful to her for that." He was had previously spent some time with Pestalozzi and The Gateway to Hell therefore destined to be a teacher from his earliest had learnt the latter's educational theory. Through youth. his own lessons, through the educational books (Concluded) written and edited by him, which were very widely one-third of those who were Jewish only by race. No Proper Schooling used. Stern tried to give the great Swiss pedagogue's For them specifically Jewish ways of thinking and ideas a new home in Baden. Although—or rather, hopes for the future were naturally strange. But His basic German education was naturally not because—Stern had strong leanings towards Pietism, mostly they took their Christian faith, whether it was great. In those days, Jewish children were taught he treated the Jewish students, of whom there were Catholic or not, very seriously. The camp's syna­ by Melamdim, often private persons without any usually some six or eight, sympathetically and tried gogues were partly centres for Jews from certain qualifications, about whose instruction there were to help them on when he could." Whether grand­ districts. Thus, for instance, the Hamburg Jews had many complaints. Jewish State Schools did not yet father was one of these students, I do not know. their own places of worship, the Jews from Berlin exist and the Christian ones were closed to them. followed one of their own former Rabbis. In other All he knew and all he needed for his profession, Training at Teachers' Seminary synagogues, however, Jews from different parts of grandfather gleaned after his fourteenth year. the world came together. In other words, the Those decades were a time of transition: Jewish But'onc^thing is certain; from Spring, 1825, for the religious bond was often as effective as the bond of culture still dominated, resting on the constant study next four years, he visited the Lyceum—as a man of Zionism—although the latter was more definite and of the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud —but the new, twenty he must have been one of the oldest active in looking toward the future. German culture was already making its demands. students-and subsequently he passed his exam at However, those who eventually studied the " profane" the Protestant Teachers' Seminary. What emerges In his chapter on the psychology of the Ghetto of quite clearly from Rosenthal's statement is the Theresienstadt, Dr. Adlcr comes to the same con­ sciences, did so according to their talmudic training. And so grandfather visited the Jeshivah. What he general educational atmosphere in the State Schools clusions as did Kogan in his book " The SS Staat ": and Training Colleges in Baden. When, years later, that basically everyone left the camp as he had entered learnt there and what was the method of studying the Talmud, can be gathered quite clearly from his grandfather applied to the town council of Hainstadt it, with the same opinions and the same qualities, for citizenship, he pointed out that his vocation was very little shaken in their attachment to beliefs which notes—his " Kolleghefte," if one may use the term. The notes are in Hebrew, dictations on various " to instruct youth according to the method accepted had won their hearts in former years. Depending on by the State." That method was Pestalozzi's. a person's disposition before ho came into the camp, biblical subjects, but, above all, on talmudic problems. that is what conditioned his reactions to the camp, The aim of the Talmud discussion is always to prove With the first generation of Jewish State school that is what allowed him either to survive or go under. that the saying which is being questioned is right and teachers, in whose training the main emphasis was It is not uninteresting to see according to Dr. Adler its formulation the only one possible and that, in still on study at the Jeshivah, the gaps in general the ghetto inmates were classified. He distinguishes fact, all is well. knowledge must have been even greater than was the between the broken down, the fearful, the da^ed, There are many styles of Talmud study, and the case with their non-Jewish colleagues. In this connec­ the unthinking, the pessimists, the realists, the one predominating in my grandfather's notes has its tion it is instructive to .see that grandfather, when in optimists, the illusionists, the active people, the own special characteristics. In the German Jeshivoth his seventies, wrote about " New Yor^ " and referred brutal, the opportunists, the strong-willed, the helping of those days the Talmud was simply explained and to his son-in-law, Harris, who lived there, as " Horis." and the good. He leaves it to everyone who survived its meaning investigated. The two most often quoted The difficulties which the still foreign German edu­ Theresienstadt to find the right category for his less Gaons (talmudic authorities) are Chief Rabbi Ascher cation presented are also clearly visible in the few fortunate companions—and for himself. But the Low of Karlsruhe and Rabbi Gedalja Rothcnburg writings of my grandfather from his period at the words with which Dr. Adler closes his book apply (or Metz) of Bbdingheim, very near to Hardhcim. Lyceum. The Jewish tradition and education always to everyone: " One must take care not to exaggerate Both are followers of the great teacher, Arjch Low remained the most natural for him. That can be one's own importance." ben Ascher, or " Schaagath Arjeh," one of the seen from his handwriting. For, whenever possible, greatest names in the literary history of the Talmud. he carried on his private correspondence in Hebrew Lest we Forget He was bom in the district of Minsk in 1685 and characters, even when he used the German language. Dr. Adler's book is not easily readable and in was active and celebrated as a Rabbi and leader of His handwriting in Hebrew was beautiful, while his part—especially at the most important points—hard big Jeshivoth in the East, up to his seventieth year. German script is clumsy, although he taught hand­ to understand, if at all understandable, for a reader When he was over seventy years of age, the idea writing, too. It cannot have been easy for him at without a philosophical schooling and not acquainted suddenly took hold of him " Galuth zu gehen," to first to find his way into the new educational system, philosophical concepts and technical terms. This is live in poverty and misery, to suffer the miseries of but he did succeed. regrettable, for this book should reach all those who Israel in exile on his own person. He did this, but Amongst his studies during his stay in Karlsruhe survived Theresienstadt, and all those who care about was nevertheless elected as Rabbi of Metz. His appears an unexpected subject. According to a the destiny of Jewry, all those who want to under­ most famous son was Ascher Low, Rabbi of Waller- certificate given to him by Kirchenrat and Professor stand the nature of the " Zwangsgemeinschaft." stein and, from 1809 to 1830, of Karlsruhe. Ascher Gerstener on May 12, 1830, " Herr Eschelbacher One need not necessarily accept all Dr. Adler's Low had one pupil who later became famous, Jakob from Hardheim visited his (Gerstener's) classes in formulations, antitheses or judgements, and one may Ettlinger of Karlsruhe, who was to become Chief Hebrew regularly during his four years of studentship see many things differently from him, but one must Rabbi of Altona. at the Grand Ducal Lyceum. He studied the subject recognize the vast work of sifting and analysing Only some of the subjects which were discussed diligently and his conduct was unimpeachable." material that has taken place and been done most at the Jeshivah were closely connected with every­ Thus it appears that grandfather Sf)ent years studying conscientiously. Dr. Adler is a stern critic of the day life; for instance the very obvious question, why Hebrew in classes given by a Christian theologian Ghetto, its leaders, oflicials and inmates, and some­ did not Joseph write to his father from Egypt'.' But and, above all, for the benefit of future theology times one asks oneself, shocked by the violence of u-sually the discussions are concerned with other students. Hebrew was pronounced in the Sephardic his judgement, how he would have acted and what matters, such as details of the ancient sacrificial manner in these classes; the study of the language was he would have achieved, had the responsibility been ritual, or the suitability or unsuitability of a specific based on the grammar customary with Christian his. On the other hand one must recognise the courage piece of wording of the Talmud or Raschi. Thus a orientalists; Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographs with which he tries to assess justly much-debated school teacher could not apply directly what he had were taught according to the teaching of the Church personalities such as the commander of the Ghetto learnt here to his own lessons later on. On the other or interpreted like classical texts. These classes of Guard, Dr. Loewenstein, and Dr. R. Kasztner. hand, he obtained an invaluable attribute which Gerstener's were in complete contrast to the Jeshiyah Throughout the whole book one feels how very would stand him in good stead both in life and work: of Ettlinger or Ascher L5w. It is most surprising seriously the author has dealt with his subject a thorough schooling in logic. that grandfather took part in them. However, he Anyone who, in spite of the comfortably deadening lived his whole life so very much as a Jew and there During the years that grandfather studied the were so few real influences on him that the change, conditions of every-day life, has been able to preserve Talmud, possibly under Gedaljah Metz in nearby his natural sensitivity, will be gripped by the reality the classes with the Protestant priest, could do only Bodingheim and certainly under Ascher Low and his good. with which this book is infused and will be touched substitute Elias Willstaetter in Karlsruhe, the ideal deeply by its pathos. of Jewish State Schools came into existence. The To be continued AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 Page 9 HEINE CENTENARY Arnold Kurnik (Chicago): Fate of Heine's Statue A VISIT TO BROMBERG In 1933, the Heine Statue of the Danish sculptor I was in Poland in September, 1955, and went to Jewish community has ceased to exist. Since that Hasselriis, which was the property of the publisher Bydgoszcz. This town was formerly called Bromberg time no more funerals have taken place. The deceased Campe, was removed from Hamburg Donner Park. and was German territory until January 6, 1919. are taken to Thorn, 50 km. away, and are buried in For some time, it was stored, later on, Campe's 1 wanted to go to the Jewish cemetery there to see the Jewish cemetery there. daughter and heiress, who was married to a French­ my father's grave, who was buried there in 1914. The earthly remains of our dear ones are now man, donated it to the Municipality of Toulon. For this purpose I received an entry permit from the being exhumed from the completely devastated In 1955, the Hamburg authorities tried to re-acquire Polish Government. Jewish cemetery in Bromberg and laid together into the Statue; however, the efforts failed, as Toulon When the Hitler army invaded Bydgoszcz in 1939, wooden coflSns painted brown, and placed in graves was considered the legitimate proprietor. one of their first deeds, according to eye witnesses, for mass burial in the local graveyard for the poor in was to drive the Jews from their homes at night, Schubiner Chaussee, Wabischinka-Strasse, where the shooting many .lewish children as well as their deceased of the catholic and protestant faith are Exhibitions parents. buried. The re-burial is carried out most reverently The time honoured hou.se of worship in Hof by three christian workmen of the cemetery. The A claim that Dusseldorf now possesses the greatest Strasse was razed to the ground, all cultural institu­ Polish Ministry is having the mass graves covered Heine collection in the world, was made by the tions destroyed. with black .soil on which flowers will be planted. city's chief burgomaster, Herr Josef Gockeln. On the site of the synagogue the Polish City A sad memorial to the once prosperous Jewish Announcing a new acquisition, he said that the Council has now laid out beautiful and dignified community of Bromberg which has ceased to exist. literary remains had been purchased from members, grounds and has put up notices with the inscription, I said the Kaddish in the former Jewish cemetery, now in London, of the former banking family of ' SKWER IM BOHATEROW GETTA " (" Square and in the field of the christian pauper's graveyard, Strauss Brothers, of Frankfurt, for ?50,000. of the Heroes of the Ghetto "). where the remains of our dear one.s have now been The Jewish cemetery on Schubiner Chaussee was laid. Dr. Bruno Weil was able to trace the history of completely destroyed by Hitler's barbarians, 1 found During the excavations a white marble urn was the collection: the poet had bequeathed it to his nothing there but a devastated field. All tombstones found. The inscription shows that a certain Mr. Aron, widow. After her death, her lawyer, Henri Julia, had been used for building. Since 1939 the Bromberg who died in Berlin in 1892, was buried in the Jewish took it over and left it to his wife. When Madame cemetery at Bromberg. The urn has been placed in Julia was suffering hardship, she sold part of it. The a room belonging to the local cemetery. The grave- rest was acquired by the former Frankfort bankers NEW HEINE LITERATURE digger hopes that relatives of the deceased may be Carl and Albert Strauss who in 1939 succeeded in found who will look after the urn. shipping it to New York in the guise of business Professor Dr. Martin Greiner has edited the works My visa for Bromberg was valid for .seven days. papers. of Heine and written an epilogue. They will be I left the place after two days and returned to Berlin published in two volumes by Kiepenheuer & Witsch, as I was so deeply moved at the shooting of innocent The original MSS of several of Heine's main Cologne. Werner Steinberg wrote: " Der Tag ist in Jews, the destruction of the synagogue and the literary works, together with a number of hitherto die Nacht verliebt " (a novel on Heine's life), Verlag completely devastated cemetery, that I could not unpublished rough drafts and a large part of his Deutsche Volksbuechcr Stuttgart. The " Editions remain there any longer. correspondence, were among the outstanding items Sociales" in Paris will shortly publish "Pages in a Heine Centenary Exhibition organised by the choisies," edited with notes by Georges Cogniot. BRESLAU JEWISH CEMETERY Schocken Library in Jerusalem. The English quarterly " German Life and Letters " is preparing a special number with articles about According to a report in a Polish Yiddish paper, Heine in England and about Heine and the "West- the Jewish cemetery in Breslau is in a state of great In the Soviet Zone oestliche Diwan.," neglect, and appeals have been made to the Municipal Council and to the Jewish community for the erection Many newspapers published long articles about The Heine Biography by Max Brod has been of a fence and also for the restoration of some the poet and quoted from his works copiously. At re-published in a " Volksausgabe " (Herbig, Berlin); historic graves. Among these is particularly that of the house Behrenstrasse-Wilhelmstrasse, where Heine an English edition will be published by Vallentine, Heinrich Graetz, the historian, and of Ferdinand lived in 1821-22, a memorial plaque was unveiled. Mitch;ll & Co., London. Lassalle.

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169a Finchljy^td., N.W.3 MAI 6301 Radiovision Service Faites Attention!, 37, SOUTHWICK STREET, W.2. / PARTIES CATERED FOR PAD. 3394 Reliable — Reasonable , . . take care tvlien you wear We collect and deliver ihis perfume -r- Cocktail Dry ! TIIE COIISETIKIIE;"^ Agents for Marconi - Ferguson - Stella M. GLASER LTD. Like t^ subtle flavour of tiie con- CORSETS and BRASSIERES made to measure K) .suit individual noissfidr's cocktail, it is insidious—// reqvHiements A.IR ^ Repairs dopr — Moderate prices DAIVDICn A FT-GROUF^ go^s straight to ttie head with tinpre- 9>1QUEENSWAY, W.2. Mictahle suddenness . . . Tel.: BAYswater 6005 Great selection of attractive and useful GIFTS Not a perfume for th/ingenue. But uninhibited THE FOOT SURGERY at reasonable priols. outdoor personalitiesfwill appreciate t})e sweet- Mr. I. W. Green, M.L.i.Ch , D.P A. Gift tokens available hitter tang of Watoti's Cocktail Dry. Atid 10 Midland Parade, Orders for iny kind of needlework world-wise won/en who avoid tlie obvious in all West End Lane, N.W.6 will be (ladly accepted things will /immediately recognise its potent (I minute froro Wcic Hampstead Tube Station^ 8 FAIRFAX' MANSIONS possibilitie/. . . ^.,. MAIda Vale 0412 FINCHLEY, ROAD, N.W.3 Cocktail/Ui-y Perfume: J oz. 27/-., J 02. 51/9., (Filrf« Ro.d corpe'r) MAI 4449 102. s/Zg., 2 ozs. i57/(>-. Oe Luxe pack 90/-., "MORRIS FEINMANN Open: Monday—Thursday 10-I, 3-5 Handj^og size 37/6. HOMES" / Friday 10-1 for elderly and lonely Refugees Founded 1947 / SPACE DONATED BY JEAN PARIS •S and 7 Amherst Road, / S. F. & O. HALLGARTEN Wines and Spirits Manchester 20 PATOU Importers & Exporters ' Pleat* apply to the Matron . / I CRUTCHED FRIARS. LONDON, E.C.J Page 10 AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 Letter from Jerusalem: LETTER TO THE EDITOR AIDING YOUTH ALIYAH AT THE EVE OF THE CONGRESS Appeal to Women It is a thankless task to venture the prognosis of The results are obvious. Mapai, the largest party Sir, an event so close at hand as the 24th Zionist Congress. in Israel, is therefore automatically also the largest Here in London, we recently received the following After numerous postponements, the date was suddenly group in Congress and further, the overdue clari- mi'.

FAMILY EVENTS SITTER-IN for old lady wanted, not Accommodation Personal Entries in this column are free of nursing, light household duties, 10-4, or CONTINENTAL MODERN ROOMS, BACHELOR, 32, good position, cul­ charge. Texts should he sent in by the can live in. Box 84. all conveniences, double £4 lOs., single tured, wishes to meet refined lady, ISlh of the month. £2 10s. WILIesden 0119. 25-35, view marriage. Box 82. Situations wanted SPLENDID ROOM well furnished 5 min. Bus and Tube, 15 min. West End, Marriages Men MISSING PERSONS Lewent—Weimar.-On 31st March, ACADEMIC PAINTER, specialised in in quiet part, to be let. Gentleman 1956, the marriage took place at portraits, wants Free-Lance work as only. Phone: PRImrose 2420. Personal Enquiries Flensburg between Helmut Lewent, son artist, commerc. artist, teacher or for WANTED Board and Lodging for Mr. Hans Carl Ladewig, Lawyer, of the late Hans Lewent and Mrs. H. repairing pictures; would also consider elderly Lady in congenial surroundings formerly Kronenstr. 4, Berlin, W.8, for Lewent of 32 Christchurch Avenue. suitable full or part-time position. preferably N.W. London. Reply Box 67. Dr. F. E. Koch, of 19A Maresfield London, N.W.6 (formerly Berlin), and Box 69. VACANCY FOR PERMANENT Gardens, London, N.W.S. Miss Waltraut Weimar of Flensburg. GUEST, lady or gentleman, in beauti­ HUNGARIAN CHEMIST, qualified, fully situated well-heated country Mrs. Grcte Margarete Loewenberg Their address will be 58 Kings Hedges 64, strong, here one year only, speaks Road, Cambridge. house, Continental cooking, every diet. nee Rosenfeld, born in Berlin, wanted German, Hungarian, French, wants Mrs. K. Schwarz, " Furzedown," for Miss Use Schrier, 54 Belsize Park, Brent -Heller. - The marriage has taken suitable position in Chemistry or Wood Road, Hindhead, Surrey. London, N.W.3, PRI 5768 (daughter of place on March 29th of Ernest M. unskilled work. Box 70. Hertha Schreier). Brent, 56 Melrose Avenue, N.W.2, MAN OF 46, who has to change his Miscellaneous formerly Frankfurt a.M., to Rita profession due to stomach troubles, DEUTSCHE BUECHER GESUCHT! Enquiries from AJR Heller. 32 Ashford Court, N.W.2, looks for work as storekeeper or trainee R. & E. Steincr, 64 Talgarth Road, Mr. Max Kaplan (Hermann ?), formerly formerly Berlin. in any trade. Box 71. W.14. Ful. 7924. Leipzig, Landsberger Strasse, Fur Trade, Deaths PART-TIME WORK, 5 morn. p.w. CJEWISSENHAFTE HAUSVERWAL­ one brother, who studied medicine, and Mr. Isidor Singer, former Director of wanted by reliable man conversant with TUNG in Berlin uebernimmt iioch son Guenther, born in 1929, for Mr. Heinrich Klinger, Vienna, died peace­ bookkeeping and all office and Export einige Verwaltungen, beste Referenzen. K. Farnham, Northampton. routine work. Box 72. Box 65. fully in Bournemouth, 83 years old, on Dr. Fritz Kamm, dentist, formerly February 28th, 1956, after a short ill­ STOREKEEPER - CLERK position, EXERCISES for women and children part-time or full time, wanted by elderly Beuthen, and Karl-Ludwig Kocbe, for­ ness. Deeply mourned by his children. by qualified teacher (Mcnsendieck); merly Duisburg, for German Embassy. Dr. Paul and Mrs. Singer, Dr. Howard reliable man. Box 73. also massages. Box 68. and Mrs. Singer, Dr. Rudolph and Mrs. MEN'S CLOTHING, medium size, Miss Lilo Marcus from Hamburg, came Grele Auerbach, relatives and friends. Women new and second hand, in good condition to Birmingham as domestic in February Mr. Israel Schwarz.- It is announced OLD AGE PENSIONER, 62, wants available privately at moderate price. 1939 and Miss Judith Popper from with deep regret that Mr. I. Schwarz of part-time packer job. Has experience. Box 83. Vienna, came to London as domestic 32 SheritT Road, N.W.6, pas.sed away, Box 74. end of 1938, for Mr. Emil Weitz, deeply mourned by his wife and EXP. NEEDLEWOMAN wants to do Tel-Aviv. relatives. linen repair, in-or outdoor. Box 75. ALL MAKES ALTERATIONS done in- or outdoor Miss Eva Margulies, formerly Kol berg, Mrs. Cilli Brauer passed peacefully away BOUGHT Pommerania, for Dr. Brehmer, Bremen. in her sleep on Friday, 2nd March, 1956. by experienced woman. Box 76. Deeply mourned by her daughter Risa COPYTYPING work wanted as home­ SOLD Mr. Herman Mani Silberstern, from Kupfer, daughter-in-law and grand­ work by neat worker, temp, or perm. Vienna, probably in Birmingham, for children. Box 77. EXCHANGED Dr. Froeschel, Gent. WOMAN OVER 70, Old Age Pens., Miss Manja Sirat from Hamburg, for CLASSIFIED wants to earn pocket money by darning. REPAIRED & MAINTAINED Situations Vacant Box 78. Miss Gersony, Jerusalem. GERMAN-ENGLISH SHORTHAND ENG.-GERMAN sh. typ. wants part- Miss Lisa Strauss, bom 17.3.1920. TYPIST perfect in both languages for time work, pref. N.W. districts. Box 79. ELITE TYPEWRITER Co. Ltd. daughter of Hugo and Agnes Strauss, for URO, Jerusalem. permanent progressive position wanted. ATTENDING work done for sick- WELbeck 2S1S No Sats. Write stating age, full parti­ invalid people or for children by exp. Miss Eugenie Blanca Weiss-Fried- culars and salary required to Box 66. reliable worker. Box 80. 18 CRAWFORD STREET laender, dentist, last known address LEDGER CLERK (bookkeeping) p.art- SITTER-IN available during day or Nettelbeckstrasse 7, Berlin W., for time or full time required. CLE 6070. evening, good ref. Box 81. y^off BAKER STREET, W.l Zentra;iwi3hlfahrtsstelle Frankfdrt a.M. AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 Page 11 THE AJR AT WORK THIRD EUROPEAN KARTELLTAG OF THE K.J.V. A.IR SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARIMENT AJR CLUB Employment Agency:—We have on our register The KJV (Kartell Juedischer Verbindungen), the an increasing number of applicants for home work, The announcement of the opening of the AJR famous Association of former Zionist Students on most of them without special experience. We are Club has met with a wide response among members the Continent to which many prominent Zionists therefore looking for offers of unskilled work or of of the AJR and their friends and thus re-affirmed the belonged, such as the late first President of the State work which can easily be learnt by elderly people. need for a meeting centre of this kind. At present of Israel, Dr. Chaim Weizmann, and which includes the Club is open every afternoon from Sunday to among its ranks Dr. Pinhas Ro.sen (Israel Minister of Accommodation:—The situation has become even Thursday between 4-7 p.m. However, the activities worse than before, especially for elderly people who will be extended to the evenings shortly. Any special Justice), Dr. Nahum Goldmann (Chairman Jewish lose their rooms when they stop working. Wc would suggestions or wishes will be welcome. Those who Agency & World Jewish Congress), Dr. Siegfried be grateful for suitable offers at moderate rents. want to get acquainted with the work of the Club Moses (Israel State Comptroller), recently celebrated Holiday addresses:—We should appreciate suitable are cordially invited to visit it at 57 Eton Ave., NW3. its Third European " Kartelltag" (Delegate Con­ addresses in England, country or seaside, wjth con­ ference) at the Washington Hotel, London. Many tinental atmosphere. members from Great Britain and the Continent, and Seder invitations:—We received several applications, APOLOGIES FOR DELAY Representatives from Israel were present. At the as usual, and were able to place the applicants through Due to the printing difficulties the production of Opening Gala Dinner—which was also attended by the kindness of some friends. We want to thank all members of other Corporations, notably the KC and those who helped us by inviting guests. the March Issue of " AJR Information " was held the AJGV—Bbr. Leo Savir (Israel Press Attache) up. Readers are asked to accept the editor's apologies APPEAL FOR RADIO SET conveyed to the large gathering the greetings and for the delay. good wishes of the Israel Government. The all-day In the interest of an old lady, unable to walk, the Conference was addressed by Mr. Savir, Dr. Alfred Social Services Department should be grateful for a GRATITUDE FOR RESCUE WORK Rabau (Tel Aviv) and Dr. Walter Pirmer (Birming­ Radio, either as a gift or at a moderate price. ham). During the various Sessions the chair was MEMBER OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN Mrs. G. G. WijsmuUer-Meijer will celebrate her taken by Dr. Richard Appel (United Kingdom 60th birthday on April 21. As a token of gratitude Chairman), Dr. Joseph Weiss (Zurich), Dr. Fred Dr. Hans Korn who for the last six years has been for the devotion with which Mrs. Wijsmuller-Meijer G laser (Leeds), and Mr. R. J. Friedmann (Hon. Corps surgeon of the St. John Ambulance Brigade tried to help persecuted Jews, especially children, in Treasurer). In the course of an interesting discussion in Leicester was invested in the Order of St. John the times of emergency, a committee has been many problems relating to Israel and the Galuth at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London. The formed in the Netherlands to inscribe her in the were reviewed. The Conference pledged its full Leicester Mercury pays tribute to Dr. Korn's Golden Book of the Keren Kayemeth. All those who invaluable work in the city as a lecturer, teacher and wish to join in the tribute to Mrs. Wijsmuller-Meijer support to the work of the National Funds and udge. For 16 years Dr. Korn, who came from are asked to contact the Treasurer of the Committee the Zionist Movement. It was also announced that Germany in 1933, has served with the St. John Mr. I. Rafalowitch, Trompenburgerstraat 133, a Grove of 1,(X)0 Trees would be planted in the Ambulance Brigade. Amsterdam-Z. Independence Forest of the Jewish National Fund.

"ASHDALE GUESTHOUSE" HARROGATE GLADSTONE GUES. USE AJR € LIT It 23 BEAULIEU ROAD, BOURNEMOUTH W. 27 Hovcnden Roa4 OAKBRAE GUEST HOUSE ()//• Walm. 57 Eton Avenue, NW3 On beautiful "Alum Chine,'.;'5 min. Sea Mrs. M. Eger 3 Sprinjffield Avenue Single—Dfl^Be Rooms (near Swiss Cottage) All Conveniences. Eitcellent Cuisine Opposite Majgitlc Hotel Hot agrCo\d Water DKiAILN OM Few mlnute$ from Royal Baths Fulbor partial Board. Terms: From i•2-^ gns., according / r tojroom and season cellent Cuisine THIS VAGK Excelltnt ^boking Full or Part Board •"lione: V/estbourne 619471 Prop.: E. BRUDER Tel.: GLA. 4641 Tel«phon* iTitl •'ARLET " 77 St. Gabriel's Road "FURZEDOWN" KOSHER BOARDING HOUSE Board residence, h. & c. water in cultured Guesthouse. London, N.>y.2 The ideal place for holidays ind cpfivaletctnce First-class Viennese Cooking Breakfast - Dipner Tel. GLA 40;t» Large earden with sunihed Beautiful Rooms. Moderate—Terms Permanent Guescs and Vis>tors coming to London Running h. & c. water In all 6rst-floor bedrooms are welcome in my exquisitely furnished and cultivated Private Guest House Home atmosphere, Continental cooking Personal care and attention. S C H R^ I B E R Hot & Cold Water, Central Heating (all diets), Chftdren welcome Elderly people welcome. 26 BlepJieim Gardens, N.W.2 Garden. Television Book early for Eaiter, Whitsun and summer mins. Underground & Buses) Continental meals can be provided if desired 'Months. Reduced termi for off-season periods Kindly phone HAM 5153. GLA Stll Very good residential district. Buses and Tube and for long or permanent residents very near WOOD ROAD, HINDHEAD, SURREY Mrs. Lotte Schwarz Telephone: Hindhead 335

J. A. C / ROSEMOUNT 17 Parsifal Road, N.W.6 BROADHURST HALL/ I, BROADHURST GARDENS. N.W.6 HAK^$856 (behind John Barnes) THE BOARDI|IG-HOUSE WITH CULTURE Open Daily from 3 p.m.—2 a.m. for— A Home for you Teas, Dinners & late Suppers Elderljr people welcomed Coffee Lounge — Candlelight Bar ^*cellent Cuisine —^ Own Viennese Patisieri*

We welcome your order for Pastries and Panics in your own home. CONTINENTAL Dancer by Candlelight: Wednesday CORSETS . CORSELETS BOARDING BOUSE Saturday and Sunday Eveningi IN HAM*>sfEAD Lat-gc Hall and Private Roomi for /BELTS . BRASSIERES Single—Ptfuble Rooms, H.C.W. ^^DINGS, RECEPTIONS, MEETINGS CORSETS SILHOUETTE LTD., ISO, PAPK LANE. LONDON. W.l. REUNIONS. .Full or Partial Board

^tm•Wbe n and Friends Reserv. MAI 94S7 j^sm Mfiderate Terms Ring MAI 0079 Page 10 AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 Letter from Jerusalem: LETTER TO THE EDITOR AIDING YOUTH ALIYAH AT THE EVE OF THE CONGRESS Appeal to Women It is a thankless task to venture the prognosis of The results are obvious. Mapai, the largest party Sir, an event so close at hand as the 24th Zionist Congress. in Israel, is therefore automatically also the largest Here in London, we recently received the following After numerous postponements, the date was suddenly group in Congress and further, the overdue clari- message from Mr. Moshe Kol, head of Youth Aliyah advanced from July to April, 1956, as strong Israeli fiction of the relationship between Israel and the in Israel: groups wanted this Congress to express its solidarity Diaspora is hanging fire. In Israel itself, the State " On behalf of Youth Aliyah which together with with Israel in her hour of emergency. Some people has to the largest extent taken over the functions of the whole people of Israel is bracing itself lo receive thought it cumbersome to bring hundreds of delegates the Zionist Organisation. The logical consequence the imminent large immigration in view of emergency from all parts of the world to Jerusalem for a mere would be to transform the Zionist Organisation situation of North African Jewry, I call upon every declaration of support and, they .said, shouts uttered into the instrument through which Jews outside Jewish woman all over the world to donate one piece in Jerusalem are audible only as whispers in Washing­ Israel could take part in the building up and develop­ of jewellery to make possible increased youth ton and London. Furthermore, the opposition argued ment of Zion—in other words, its e.stablishment as immigration." that the Zionist movement badly needed an overhaul, a diaspora body whose objects are the furtherance In qtdck response a committee known as Youth as its machinery, since the last Congress in 1951, of aliyah, Hebrew culture, and moral, political and Aliyah's Jewel Casket was formed. Many prominent had become somewhat rusty. At last, a compromise last, but not least, financial support to the State. members of the community agreed lo join the Com­ was reached, and after a few sessions devoted to The.se aims, also today the undisputed objects of mittee. Mme. Elalh accepted the Presidency and we Israel's emergency, the Congress will attend to its Zionist activities, make hardly any sense for people have the privilege of acting as Joint Chairmen. regular agenda. who are already citizens of the country. The position Through your paper, we are appealing to every No revolutionary items are expected on that agenda. gets even more confused by the fact that some leaders Jewish woman lo .spare a possession and thus help to Dr. Nahum Goldmann, the most forceful personality of the Government and Knesseth at the same time save a precious young life. If only this is done, the left in the administration, has up his sleeve a plan hold high posts in the Zionist hierarchy. Through problem of this additional lask would .soon be solved. for organisational reform but it is doubtful whether this personal union, the State exercises a decisive We, therefore, ask your readers with all urgency to he will unfold it. However, certain changes in the influence on the movement and prevents it from send a gift now to Ihe Hon. Secretary, Lady Low, Executive seem probable—a smaller body with a becoming too independent. Children and Youth Aliyah, 233, Baker Street, London, section each in Jerusalem, USA and Europe -and it As these party considerations are the determining N.W.\, or lo communicate with Ihe Organising has been rumoured that Mr. fieri Locker may resign factor, the coming Congress, too, will ventilate many Secretary at WELbeck 8355. from his co-chairmanship and give way to Dr. Gold­ questions without being able to find the answers. Yours, etc., mann to become President of the World Organisation, Clarica Davidson. but this, too, cannot be foretold with certainty. HERBERT FREEDEN Edith Wolfson. The fact is that the Zionist Congress cannot properly discharge its functions as long as " vested PAINTINGS BY ARTHUR SEGAL interest " uphold a long outdated procedure. In the Presented to Tcl-Aviv Museum years before Israel's statehood, the small and GERMAN JEWS REPRESENTED AT WORLD pioneering Yishuv in Palestine was granted a double ZIONIST CONGRESS In a recently published booklet, Ernestine Segal shekel, i.e., a double vote -it was entitled to be describes the life and work of the painter Arthur Segal represented by twice as many delegates as would The Jews in Germany will be represented at the who lived in Germany up to 1933 and died in London correspond to its numbers, at that time a necessary World Zionist Congress in Jerusalem by a delegation in 1944. She recalls, inter alia, an exhibition of the and justifiable procedure. All efforts to change this of five members which includes Mr. Karl Marx, artist's oil-paintings held in London last year and by now anachronistic position have failed for the editor of the " ALLGEMEINE" Woclicnzeitung of opened by Viscount Samuel. Two paintings from simple reason that the Israelis, with their double the Jews in Germany, and Mr. H. Galinski, Chairman the Exhibition have been presented to the Museum voting power, have a majority to veto such a step. of the Jewish Community in Berlin. in Tel-Aviv.

FAMILY EVENTS SITTER-IN for old lady wanted, not Accommodalion Personal Entries in this column are free of nursing, light household duties, 10-4, or CONTINENTAL MODERN ROOMS, BACHELOR, 32, good position, cul­ charge. Texts should he sent in by Ihc can live in. Box 84. all conveniences, double £4 lOs., single tured, wishes to meet refined lady, \^lh of Ihe month. £2 lOs. WILIesden 0119. 25-35, view marriage. Box 82. Situations wanted SPLENDID ROOM well furnished 5 min. Bus and Tube, 15 min. West End, Marriages Men MISSING PERSONS Lewent—Weimar.-On 3Ist March, ACADEMIC PAINTER, specialised in in quiet part, to be let. Gentleman 1956, the marriage took place at portraits, wants Free-Lance work as only. Phone: PRImro.se 2420. Personal Enquiries Flensburg between Helmut Lewent, son artist, commerc. artist, teacher or for WANTED Board and Lodging for Mr. Hans Carl Ladewig, Lawyer, of the late Hans Lewent and Mrs. H. repairing pictures; would also consider elderly Lady in congenial surroundings formerly Kronenstr. 4, Berlin, W.8, for Lewent of 32 Christchurch Avenue, suitable full or part-time position. preferably N.W. London. Reply Box 67. Dr. F. E. Koch, of 19A Maresfield London, N.W.6 (formerly Berlin), and Box 69. VACANCY FOR PERMANENT Gardens, London, N.W.3. Miss Waltraut Weimar of Flensburg. GUEST, lady or gentleman, in beauti­ HUNGARIAN CHEMIST, qualified, Mrs. Grete Margarete Loewenberg Their address will be 58 Kings Hedges 64, strong, here one year only, speaks fully situated well-heated country Road, Cambridge. German, Hungarian, French, wants house, Continental cooking, every diet. nee Rosenfeld, born in Berlin, wanted Brent -Heller.- The marriage has taken Mrs. K. Schwarz, " Furzedown," for Miss Use Schrier, 54 Belsize Park, suitable position in Chemistry or VVood Road, Hindhead, Surrey. London, N.W.3, PRI 5768 (daughter of place on March 29th of Ernest M. unskilled work. Box 70. Hertha Schreier). Brent, 56 Melrose Avenue, N.W.2, MAN OF 46, who has to change his Miscellaneous formerly Frankfurt a.M., to Rita profession due to stomach troubles, DEUTSCHE BUECHER GESUCHT! Enquiries from A.IR Heller, 32 Ashford Court. N.W.2, looks for work as storekeeper or trainee R. & E. Steiner, 64 Talgarth Road, Mr. Max Kaplan (Hermann ?), formerly formerly Berlin. in any trade. Box 71. W.14. Ful. 7924. Leipzig, Landsberger Strasse, Fur Trade, Deaths PART-TIME WORK, 5 morn. p.w. GEWISSENHAFTE HAUSVERWAL­ one brother, who studied medicine, and Mr. Isidor Singer, former Director of wanted by reliable man conversant with TUNG in Berlin uebernimmt noch son Ouenther, born in 1929, for Mr. Heinrich Klinger, Vienna, died peace­ bookkeeping and all office and Export einige Verwaltungen, beste Referenzen. K. Farnham, Northampton. routine work. Box 72. fully in Bournemouth, 83 years old, on Box 65. Dr. Fritz Kamm, dentist, formerly February 28th, 1956, after a short ill­ STOREKEEPER - CLERK position, EXERCISES for women and children part-time or full time, wanted by elderly Beuthen, and Karl-Ludwig Koebe, for­ ness. Deeply mourned by his children. by qualified teacher (Mensendieck); merly Duisburg, for German Embassy. Dr. Paul and Mrs. Singer, Dr. Howard reliable man. Box 73. also massages. Box 68. and Mrs. Singer, Dr. Rudolph and Mrs. MEN'S CLOTHING, medium size, Miss Lilo Marcus from Hamburg, came Grete Auerbach, relatives and friends. Women new and second hand, in good condition to Birmingham as domestic in February Mr. Israel Schwarz.- It is announced OLD AGE PENSIONER, 62, wants available privately at moderate price. 1939 and Miss Judith Popper from with deep regret that Mr. I. Schwarz of part-time packer job. Has experience. Box 83. Vienna, came to London as domestic 32 Sheriff Road, N.W.6, passed away, Box 74. end of 1938, for Mr. Emil Weitz, deeply mourned by his wife and EXP. NEEDLEWOMAN wants to do Tel-Aviv. relatives. linen repair, in-or outdoor. Box 75. ALL MAKES Miss Eva Margulics, formerly Kolberg, Mrs. Cilli Braucr passed peacefully away ALTERATIONS done in- or outdoor BOUGHT Pommerania, for Dr. Brehmer, Bremen. in her sleep on Friday, 2nd March, 1956. by experienced woman. Box 76. Deeply mourned by her daughter Risa COPYTYPINCi work wanted as home­ SOLD Mr. Herman Mani Silbcrstern, from Kupfer, daughter-in-law and grand­ work by neat worker, temp, or perm. Vienna, probably in Birmingham, for children. Box 77. EXCHANGED Dr. Froeschel, Gent. WOMAN OVER 70, Old Age Pens., Miss ManJa Sirat from Hamburg, for CLASSIFIED wants to earn pocket money by darning. REPAIRED & MArNTAINED Situations Vacant Box 78. Miss Gersony, Jerusalem. GERMAN-ENGLISH SHORTHAND ENG.-GERMAN sh. typ. wants part- Miss Lisa Strauss, bom 17.3.1920, TYPIST perfect in both languages for time work, pref. N.W. districts. Box 79. ELITE TYPEWRITER Co. Ltd. daughter of Hugo and Agnes Strauss, permanent progressive position wanted. ATTENDING work done for sick- for URO, Jerusalem. No Sats. Write stating age, full parti­ invalid people or for children by exp. WELbeck ZS2I Miss Eugenie Blanca Weiss-Fried- culars and salary required to Box 66. reliable worker. Box 80. 18 CRAWFORD STREET laender, dentist, last known address LEDGER CLERK (bookkeeping) part- SITTER-IN available during day or Nettelbeckstrasse 7, Berlin W., for time or full time required. CLE 6070. evening, good ref. Box 81. .off BAKER STREET, W.l Zentra;iwbhIfahrtssteIleFrankfiJrt a.M- AJR INFORMATION April, 1956 Page 11 THE AJR AT WORK THIRD EUROPEAN KARTELLTAG OF THE K,J.V. A.IR SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT AJR CLUB The KJV (Kartell Juedischer Verbindungen), the Employment Agency:—We have on our register The announcement of the opening of the AJR famous Association of former Zionist Students on an increasing number of applicants for home work, Club has met with a wide respon.se among members the Continent to which many prominent Zionists most of them without special experience. We are of the AJR and their friends and thus re-affirmed the belonged, such as the late first President of the State therefore looking for offers of unskilled work or of need for a meeting centre of this kind. At present of Israel, Dr. Chaim Weizmann, and which includes work which can easily be learnt by elderly people. the Club is open every afternoon from Sunday to among its ranks Dr. Pinhas Rosen (Israel Minister of Accommodation:—The situation has become even '••"•'".e). Dr. Nahum Goldmann (Chairman Jewish worse than before, cy & World Jewish Congress), Dr. Siegfried lose their rooms w s (Israel State Comptroller), recently celebrated be grateful for suil bird European " Kartelltag" (Delegate Con- Holiday addressc ty(^4fl!H<^ ;e) at the Washington Hotel, London. Many addresses in Engic jers from Great Britain and the Continent, and lincntal atmospher Seder invitations. ssentatives from Israel were present. At the as usual, and were; ing Gala Dirmer—which was also attended by the kindness of so x;rs of other Corporations, notably the KC and those who helped vJGV—Bbr. Leo Savir (Israel Press Attach6) :yed to the large gathering the greetings and APPEA wishes of the Israel Government. The all-day In the interest o ^rence was addressed by Mr. Savir, Dr. Alfred Social Services De u (Tel Aviv) and Dr. Walter Pinner (Birming- Radio, cither as a During the various Sessions the chair was by Dr. Richard Appel (United Kingdom MEMBER OF man), Dr. Joseph Weiss (Zurich), Dr. Fred Dr. Hans Korn r (Leeds), and Mr. R. J. Friedmann (Hon. Corps surgeon of urer). In the course of an interesting discussion in Leicester was i problems relating to Israel and the Galuth at St. Bartholoi reviewed. The Conference pledged its full Leicester Mercur, invaluable work ir irt to the work of the National Funds and udge. For 16 y ionist Movement. It was also announced that Germany in 193!: ave of 1,000 Trees would be planted in the Ambulance Brigad endence Forest of the Jewish National Fund.

"ASHDALE l-<^,n USE A J II iLlJD 23 BEAULIEU ROAI 57 Eton Avenue, NWS On beautiful "Alu (near Swiss Cottage) All Conveniences DETAILS OIV Terms: From^! to.Jliom l\iiLlJiltl T1118 PAGE

Phone; Westbourne 61 priyy "ARLET " " FURZ 77 St. Gabriel's Rodd ater London, N.W.2 The idcil place for h Tel. GLA 4019 Lirge s>rd« Permanent Guests and Visitors coming to London are welcome in my exquisitely furnished and Running h. & c. witer cultivated Private Guest House Home atmosphere Hot & Cold Water, Central Heating (all diets). ( W.2 Garden, Television

Book early for Earti Continental meals can be provided if desired •oonths. Reduced ten Very gooi<^ residential district. Buses and Tube and for long or very near Mrs. Lotte Schwarz WOOD ROAD, h Telephone: / J.. ROSE MOUNT 17 Parsifal Roait^, N.W.6 BROADH I, BROADHURS HAK^-5856 (behind THE BOAdDlt^G-HOUSE WITH CULTURE Open Daily Iron A Home for you Teas, Dinners u lokc ,«u)«|

Lat-gc Hall and Private Rooms for / BELTS • BRASSIERES Single—^POu'ble Rooms, H.C.W. WeODINGS. RECEPTIONS, MEETINGS CORSETS SILHOUETTE LTD., ISO, PAPK LANE. LONDON. W. REUNIONS. ^ Full or Partial Board M^rate Terms Ring MAI 0079 '*l«ni'^hiberi s and Friends Reserv. MAI 9457

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Page 12 AJR INFORMATION April. 1936^.

frir. f^aul 1^. Ujrtijfua PHOTOCOPIES OF DOCUMENTS If it's TYPEWRITERS ALL STYLE at 11" X 8" 1/6 Phone: MAI 1271 DECORATING The General Transport Additional charge for first copies 5d. MAC 1454 A. BREUER, Co. Ltd. COLDERSTAT 1 3 Coopers Rov<, london, E.G. E. MIEDZWINSKI Tel.: ROYal 8871/8 5>77 FaLrFairfaxRdi . International Shipping and Fo Head Office; 25 DqWNHAM RD., N.l 6. 27 lEFFREYS ROAD, S.W.4 Agents for IMPORTS Ptytnes: CLIssold i7l3 (3 lines) EXPORTS .' While you wait REMOVALS / Residence;^^ COLDERS CARDENS WAREHOUSING PHOTOCOPIES OF YOUR PACKING y ^^ N.W.ll. Phones SPEedwell S44J H. WOORTMAN Our subsidiary Company— 8 Baynes Mews, Hampsfead, N.W.S DOCUMENTS ,,^' Airways & General Tel. HAM 3974 from +/6 onwards Confincntaf Builder and Decorator Tuesday to Saturd^y-9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Transports Ltd. or phong-ftor appointment Spetfalisf in Dry Rot Repairs deals with Passenger bookings by >rr5. H. M. Barry AIR, RAIL a SEA RABENSTEIN LTD. ^/^ ESTIMATES FREE Flat LWT 20 Abbey Rd., St. Jofin'i Wood, and for all AIR CARGO p>1

15 ST. ANNES RD., BARNES. S.W.13 Published by the AJR A NECEJiSilY I'OR EVERY HOUSEHOLD AND OFFICE ^ Phone: PRO 5111 You may order copies for your STICKS IN SEC0NI)S M. GLASER friends in this country and abroad ESSENTIAL for FIRST-CLASS • / PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER from CONTINENTAL COOKING GOOD HOUSEK^PINU CERTIFICATE All Re-Upholstery, Carpets, 1 /8 per 8 ox. bottle The AfsocUtlon of Jewiih Refugees Tube l.s. Mt' Furniture Repain, French Polishing Obtainable from Groceri and Stores WILL BE DONE TO YOUR B Fairfax Mansions, London, N.W.3 Manufactured by VESOP PRODUCTS LTD. Obtaiiiiiblq' everywhere SATISFACTION (S/- p/us pos(oce) 471 Hornsex Road, London, N.lf Phone: HAMpstead StOl or call at €fi FINCHLEY RD. (Childs Hill). N.W.l /- JONIDA manufacture ole Distributors LlliKRTA-IMEX I/ID. A. OTTEN F.B.O.A. (Hon..) SPACE DONATED BY EIDERDOWNS, New and Recovered, 281 Uitgcnt Street, London, W.l OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED BED SPREADS, PRAM RUGS, DOLLS 4/32 Paredije Wilk. Chelses. London. S.W.3 PRAM SETS. Tel. Ui FINCHLEY ROAD HANpite^ OPPOSITE JOHN BARNES » EXCLUSIVE DESIGNS. FINCHLEY ROAD MET. STN. Wholesale, Retail arid to order. / WAl lOOIlOO M. FISCHLER JONIDA moke up curfoins, loose covers. GRIFFEL CATERING CO. CONTINENTAL UPHOuTERY JONIDA for quilfing and machine Agents for Parker-Knoli^hristie-Tyler and Well known for high-class catering. various ^a^er makes. embroidery. Valentine & Wolff ltd. Weddings, Barmltzvahs, and Social Carpets supplied^affd fitted below shop prices. Insurance Brokers Functions at your Home or any Hall. CURTAINS,PRAPES AND MATTRESSES MADl JONIDA, In issociation with Own crockery provided, also staff. O FRENCH POLISHING Onll buoic-niade cake*. Very reusunable charges. 7 MELROSE AVENUE, N.W.Z 129; Cambridge Road, N.W.6. ARBON, LANCRISH & CO. LTD. PIcpaC' cuolacl Manager, Mrs. Maodelbaum. Tel.i EDO S4I1 / Tel.: WILIesden 1846 •"^ MAIda Vale 139S. HASILWOOD HOUSE JEUIKU UOOK^ The 52 BISHOPSGATE of any kind, new and second-hand. IRE LAUNDRY Ltd. LONDON, E.C.2 Whole Libraries and Single Volumes Tel.: LONdon Wall 236« bought-. Taleisim. Bookbinding. CONTINENTAL LAUNDRY SPECIALISTS (10 lines) M. SULZBACHER Most London District* Served - Write or phone the Manager JEWISH « HEBREW BOOKS (also purchase) SHE 4575 - brings us by radio All Types of Insurances with Lloyds and all Companies 4 Sneath Avenue, Colders Creen Road Mrr E. Hearn, I STRONSA ROAD, LONDON, W.12 London, N.W.ll Tel.: SPE 1694 Z- Printed hy The Sharon Prtts: C. Barclay {London) Ltd., 31, Purnival Street, London, E.C.4.