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Keep in Touch COLLECTORS EDITION 1 / SEPTEMBER 2013 Keep in touch SISTERS OF CHARITY: THEN AND NOW The Congregation then: A snapshot of Sydney in the years 1838-1845 The Sisters of Charity in Australia The Sisters and the Female Factories About the Five Pioneers The Congregation now: The Sisters today... After four and a half months at sea aboard the Francis Spaight, the Sisters landed in Sydney Cove in December 1838, where they were overwhelmed by the heat, mosquitoes, and the sound of cicadas. It wasn’t until June 1839 that Mary Aikenhead was informed of their safe arrival. A snapshot of Sydney in the years 1838-1845 Material prepared for the historical articles on pages 2-8 prepared by Sr Moira O’Sullivan, our Congregational Historian, and Denise Corrigan, our Archives Manager n the 1830-40s the look of the Colony The Oxford Companion to Australian History One of the Sisters’ early works was to help Iwas still strongly identifi ed with the home tells us that most of these immigrants were the many women wandering the streets countries of England and Ireland. It was in their 20s and 30s and predominantly in degradation and misery. largely a mix of Neo-classic Georgian and male. Males outnumbered females by 3 to 1 The Colony’s fi rst Irish Governor, Sir Richard Gothic Revival architecture. John Verge was in 1828 and by 3 to 2 in 1851. Caroline Bourke (1831-1837), had made some great a popular architect of the day, and Tusculum Chisholm (who arrived in the Sydney in leaps forward on behalf of the Irish Catholics House and Elizabeth Bay House in Potts Point 1838, the same year as the pioneer Sisters) in the Colony by the time our pioneer Sisters are surviving examples of his work. The villa greeted every free immigrant ship that had arrived. He had abolished the right of ‘Tarmons’, also in Potts Point (and home arrived because she was alarmed by the the Anglican Church to be the state church to our own St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney neglect shown to the female travellers by in NSW in the 1830s. During his governorship, from 1857-1870), is thought to have been the government once here. The Sisters well-known Catholics (like Roger Therry, built by John Verge. of Charity were constant visitors to her and John Hubert Plunkett) were, for the fi rst Immigrants’ Home in Bent St, Sydney in time in the history of Australia, appointed to 1841, where she assisted these women positions of any importance under the Crown. with accommodation and employment. Recording in their annals, the Sisters But his reforms had also fuelled religious said they “consoled, advised, and intolerance between Protestannts and administered medicine”. Catholics. Our Sisters were not immune from religious intolerance: it crossed their By 1841 Governor Gipps could report that paths on more than one occasion during “the old distinction between Free Settlers their ministrations to the poor. Governor and persons who have been convicts or are Bourke’s proposal for government funded of convict origin, is still presented, but the Transportation had come to an end in NSW schools with separate religious instruction virulence, with which it was formerly marked, in 1840, and with it came the rise of free once a week (based on the Irish National is very happily subsiding.” ‘government assisted’ immigration. The system) was abandoned because needs of the British penal system, however, However, he went on to report that – of Protestant opposition. prevailed in Van Diemen’s Land where more than 30,000 convicts were off-loaded in the 1840s. The growing population of “drunkenness, the fruitful parent of every species of Crime,me, working people settled around Sydney is still the prevailing vice of the Colony.” centre, numbers doubling every decade. This largely unplanned growth of Sydney put Above left: When the Sisters left the Parramatta convent in 1847, they joined the Sydney community in an overcrowded rented house in Burdekin Terrace. M. M. John Baptist De Lacy saw that this would help solve two problems, serving the pressure on services such as clean water, best interests of the penitent women in residence and housing some Sisters to avoid paying yet more rent. The House sewerage, and street alignments. of Refuge was renamed the House of the Good Shepherd. Advertisement from Australasian Catholic Directory 1857. Keep in touch is a quarterly newsletter Privacy statement The Sisters of Charity have for Sisters of Charity, their families, a privacy policy statement detailing how personal friends and supporters. information is managed, pursuant to the Privacy Act 1988 and the Privacy Amendment (Private Sector) Published by the Congregational Offi ce Act 2000. People receiving this newsletter via mail of the Sisters of Charity of Australia. will have their names on our database. This list is Level 7, 35 Grafton Street, Bondi Junction, NSW 2022 not used for any other purpose and will not be given Telephone 02 9367 1222 Fax 02 9367 1223 to any other organisation. If you would like your name removed from this list, please contact the Email james.griffi ths@rscoffi ce.com Congregational Offi ce. 02 Sisters of Charity of Australia 175 Year Anniversary Centre, top: The pioneer Sisters regularly visited the Benevolent Asylum, which provided relief and accommodation to the infi rm and destitute, including the ageing convict population. Courtesy State Library NSW SPF/245. Left: Watercolour by John Rae, showing Burdekin Terraces where our pioneer Sisters lived when in Sydney. Hyde Park had originally been used as a race track. Courtesy State Library NSW DG SV*/SpColl/Rae/19. Right: The Old Tank Stream, Sydney, John Black Henderson (1852), originally the freshwater supply for the Colony. It became heavily polluted, and by 1826 it was no longer used for drinking water. Courtesy State Library of NSW SSV1/1852?/2. Governor Gipps (1838-1846), under ...let us pause for a moment here pressure from the rapid population increases, to pay tribute to the early benefactors pushed through with a comprehensive education system, which included state aid of the Sisters of Charity... to denominational schools. Up until 1840, there were 6 Catholic schools in Sydney The Colony’s poor depended on relief from Few were inclined to support charities by central, one school at Parramatta, and at charities like the Benevolent Asylums which paying a charity organisation subscription. least 4 more in outlying districts of NSW. were supported by private donations and small Even in the 1860s the Secretary of the Our Sisters were ready and able to take government grants. The Benevolent Society Benevolent Society was still complaining up this growing area of work. of New South Wales was the largest charity about the fact that so few people are Sydney was enduring a severe drought organisation in New South Wales, located subscribers and the same people in 1838. It continued until 1843. It was at what is now known as Central Railway subscribe to them all.” extr em eyely h o,dyaot, dry an ddusyd dusty. OuSsesOur Sisters Station. It assisted a wide rangppge of people in LLtet us pause f or a momen tht here t o pay in their heavy black woollen serge habits need: the aged, destitute families, penitent tribute to the early benefactors of the Sisters would have walked long distances across women, nursing mothers and the unemployed. of Charity who were committed to serving rudimentary roads. The depression of 1841 Overcrowding in these institutions was the their community, and committed to the reduced the demand for labour, so there was norm, and conditions in some asylums and, work of the Sisters of Charity: William Davis widespread unemployment. Food shortages, even hospitals, were usually pretty poor. (who paid for the Sisters’ fi rst convent and high costs of food, and high rents made The Sisters of Charity visited the Asylum provided funds for other rental properties for life diffi cult for those with little or no income, as part of their Sydney mission. the Sisters); Mary Corcoran (who provided including our Sisters who were reliant on An entry in the online Dictionary of Sydney rent from four houses for the Sisters at a cash-strapped Church. In the census of (2013) by Stephen Garton, Professor of Parramatta); Mrs Blake (who set up a House 1841, there were 35,690 Catholics in a total History at the University of Sydney, claims of Refuge where the Sisters helped penitent population of 130,856 in New South Wales “philanthropy and poor relief faced major women); John Hubert Plunkett (who (which then included the present States challenges in nineteenth-century Sydney. provided funds, and, even lent his own new of Queensland and Victoria). This vast The proportion of wealthy citizens was small, house to the Sisters to live in, as well as diocese was ministered to by approximately and many of those who made substantial raising funds for St Vincent’s Hospital); 28 priests, with Bishop Polding away in fortunes were self-made men more inclined and the many generous in-kind supporters Europe on regular recruiting missions. to safeguard their fortune than distribute of the Sisters, too many to list here. some of it to the less well off. Keep in touch September 2013 03 The Sisters of Charity in Australia... ishop Polding, who had asked Mary BAikenhead, the foundress, to give Sisters for the Australian mission to specifi cally work with the downtrodden female convicts in the Female Factory in Parramatta, wrote a fulsome account of the good they achieved in an 1842 report to the Roman department that looked after mission countries, Propaganda Fidei.
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