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The History of Tempe House

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The History of Tempe House JULY 18 Cindy Purvis 2019 Ron Rathbone Junior Local History Prize 1 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 4 What is Tempe House? ......................................................................................... 4 History Prior to Construction ................................................................................ 4 Inspiration ............................................................................................................ 4 Location ................................................................................................................... 6 Description of house and gardens ............................................................................. 7 The House ............................................................................................................ 7 The Grounds ......................................................................................................... 8 1839 Dam ............................................................................................................. 9 Alexander Spark ..................................................................................................... 11 Life in Australia ................................................................................................... 11 Connection to Tempe House ............................................................................... 12 Later Life ............................................................................................................ 12 Legacy ................................................................................................................ 12 John Verge ............................................................................................................. 13 Early Life ............................................................................................................. 13 Architectural Work and Style .............................................................................. 13 Camden Park Estate ........................................................................................ 14 Elizabeth Bay House ........................................................................................ 14 Tempe House .................................................................................................. 15 Greenbank ............................................................................................................. 15 Caroline Chisholm .................................................................................................. 17 Connection to Tempe House ............................................................................... 20 Chisholm’s Legacy ............................................................................................... 21 St Magdalene’s Chapel ........................................................................................... 21 History................................................................................................................ 22 2 Description ......................................................................................................... 24 NSW State Heritage Listing ..................................................................................... 24 Legacy .................................................................................................................... 24 Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 26 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ 28 3 Introduction Tempe House, a white Georgian villa, sits overlooking the Cooks River. At its back, an amphitheater of modern brick apartments crowd the horizon. Facing onto a broad expanse of green, Tempe House and St Magdalene’s Chapel is a NSW state heritage site, renowned for its history, its unique façade, its connection to prominent local Australians and its usage as a convent. One of the last remnants of John Verge’s architectural genius, Tempe House is a significant element of Bayside Council’s local history. Its ties to historical figures, under the ownership of Scottish émigré Alexander Brodie Spark and social welfare philanthropist Caroline Chisholm, also helped to cement its place in Australian history. As an architectural piece, it holds much significance as a testimony to colonial history. This has been acknowledged in its placement on the NSW State Heritage Register. This essay reflects the historical significance of Tempe House, and in doing so also explores the personalities related to various phases of its history in order to acutely convey the importance of the Estate to Bayside Council. What is Tempe House? Tempe House encapsulates an entire estate near Cooks River, which includes the House, a number of surrounding buildings and landscape, as well as St Magdalene’s Chapel, which was built during the occupation of the Sisters of the Good Samaritan. The subdivision of the land has made it difficult to retain the entire Estate, however the most significant architectural building of the villa and the chapel remain preserved, along with part of the landscape. This is all established on the NSW State Heritage Register. History Prior to Construction Prior to Alexander Spark’s ownership and construction of Tempe house, the land was labeled Packer’s farm. Following his purchase for 100 pounds, the 110 acre estate was rebuilt to Spark’s specifications. The primary villa, which is the most famous of the buildings, was constructed for the purposes entertainment. In the time that it took to build prior to 1836, Spark lived in a temporary sandstone cottage which no longer exists. From 1828, there were six people living on the estate, however by the villa’s complete construction in 1836, 31 people lived and worked on the estate. Inspiration Tempe House, or ‘Tempe’, as Spark named it, was coined after the Vale of Tempe, a beautiful valley situated under ancient Greece’s Mount Olympus. The Grecian Tempe contains the Pineios River, flowing into the Aegean Sea. Said to have been carved from Poseidon’s Trident, the Vale of Tempe was 4 inextricably linked to Grecian mythology, being home to Aristaeus (son of Apollo and Cyrene) and containing a temple to Apollo. The lush scenery and breathtaking landscape described so eloquently by ancient artists and historians would have resembled the view from Tempe House overlooking the Cook’s River. The Australian countryside in 1828, as well as Spark’s imaginative construction, provided the impetus for architect John Verge’s designs of grandeur, especially as Tempe House was constructed with an impressive Grecian façade. Vale of Tempe “It appears to have been a generally received notion among the ancients, that the gorge of Tempe was caused by some great convulsion in nature, which, bursting asunder the great mountain‐barrier, by which the waters of Thessaly were pent up, afforded them an egress to the sea.” John Lempriere in Bibliotheca Classica 5 Location Tempe House and St Magdalene’s Chapel sits at 1 Princess Highway, in Wolli Creek. Overlooking the Cooks River, Tempe House sits at the edge of the remaining area allocated to Discovery Point Park, within the bounds of Bayside Council. A mere 5 minute walk from Wolli Creek Station, Tempe House is easily accessible via public transport, and is a popular tourist destination to witness colonial history and architecture. Next to it sits St Magdalene’s Chapel, a part of Tempe Estate that is currently used to hose community events. The surrounding Brodie Spark Drive is named after the initial owner of the state, Alexander Brodie Spark. Today, apartment buildings sit behind the Estate, and appear prominently in modern pictures of the House. Google Maps Location 6 Description of house and gardens The House Tempe House was built in 1836, entirely out of stone mined from the local quarry. The house was built by colonial architect, John Verge, and remains one of his most outstanding and celebrated works. Much of its inspiration comes from Greek temples, which Verge emulated in the white columns of the veranda. The villa is one storey, 6 bedrooms, sitting on twelve acres of surrounding land. The white classical motif is apparent in its symmetrical façade, where the large wraparound veranda overlooks the traditional Arcadian pastoral landscaping and grounds. This veranda also affords a view of the long carriageway, which approaches the house through the scenic gardens around it. The Northeastern facing front retains much of the original veranda, with glass framed cedar French doors equally positioned on either side of the central stairway leading to the large 8 panel front door. The Southeastern elevation, by contrast, contains a courtyard that opens up from a 6 panel door. Restorations on the roof have modified elements of the original hipped ceiling. In the interior, Verge’s design continues to permeate through the retention of the original fireplaces and French doors, which afford the building a distinctly European flavor. The house was designed to take advantage of the sweeping landscape, with each room having windows that overlook the surroundings. In particular, large French windows allow viewers an unbarred sight of the Cook’s River. Large marble fireplaces complement the original parquet flooring. 7 The Grounds The Tempe
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