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Railway simulation using OpenTrack in Finland

Tero Kosonen VR-Track Ltd / Railway Consulting

Contents: • Overview of the Finnish railway scene • All OpenTrack simulation studies done in Finland • Previews of some OpenTrack studies • Helsinki main station study • Pasila–Riihimäki capacity increase study • Summary

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 1 Track network in Finland

RIIHIM ÄKI KO L ARI

KEL L O SEL KÄ

HYVINKÄÄ RO VANIEM I • Length of track network

5,700 kilometres T O RNIO KERAVA • Electrified track KEM I

O UL U 2,600 kilometres VANT AANKO SKI T IKKURIL A RAAHE HU O PALAHT I VARTIUS • Remote-controlled track L EPPÄVAAR A KAJAANI KO NT IO M ÄKI YL IVIESKA HEL SINKI KOKKOLA 2,500 kilometres HAAPAJÄRVI KIR KKO NUM M I • Railway service locations IISAL M I VAASA SIIL INJÄRVI UIM AHARJU KUO PIO 480 SEINÄJOKI IL O M ANT SI JO EN SUU

KASKINEN PIEKSÄM ÄKI JYVÄSKYL Ä SÄKÄNIEM I

NIIRALA

M IKKEL I PO R I O RIVESI Single track PARIKKAL A T AM PERE IM AT RA RAUM A T O IJALA HEINO L A Double track KO KEM ÄKI KO UVO L A IM AT RANKO SKI Four track RIIHIM ÄKI LUUM ÄKI VAINIKKAL A T URKU

HAM INA KO T KA

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 2 HEL SINKI HANKO Traffic volumes – Freight

• Total amount of freight on rail is about 45 Mio tonnes / year • Traffic is quite well distributed around the network • Largest traffic volumes are in Eastern Finland (on some sections over 10 Mio tonnes / year) • Russian import and transit traffic is about 30 % of the total volume (wood, oil, ore etc.)

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 3 Traffic volumes – Passenger long distance

• Total amount of long distance passenger trips is about 12 Mio / year • The system and most of the traffic is Helsinki-based • Northern mainline between Helsinki and Oulu has the largest volumes (about 5 Mio / year Helsinki–Riihimäki) • Western and eastern main lines have over 1 Mio passengers • Traffic to Russia is about 350 000 passengers / year

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 4 Current capacity problems

RIIHIM ÄKI KO L ARI

KEL L O SEL KÄ

HYVINKÄÄ RO VANIEM I

T O RNIO

KERAVA KEM I

OULU VANT AANKO SKI T IKKUR IL A RAAHE HU O PALAHT I VARTIUS L EPPÄVAAR A KAJAANI KO NT IO M ÄKI

YL IVIESKA HE LS INKI KOKKOLA HAAPAJÄRVI KIR KKO NUM M I

IISAL M I

VAASA SIIL INJÄRVI UIM AHARJU KUO PIO SEINÄJOKI IL O M ANT SI JOENSUU

PIEKSÄM ÄKI KASKINEN JYVÄSKYL Ä SÄKÄNIEM I Capacity totally in use NIIRALA M IKKEL I PO R I O RIVESI Possibilities of adding new traffic PARIKKAL A TAMPE RE HEINO L A IM AT RA RAUM A T O IJALA limited KO KEM ÄKI KOUVOLA IM AT RANKO SKI RIIHIM ÄKI LUUM ÄKI VAINIKKALA T URKU

HAMINA KOTKA

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 5 HE LS INKI HANKO OpenTrack simulation studies in Finland

KOLARI

Helsinki main station study 2004 KELLOSELKÄ Ilmala passenger depot study 2005 ROVANIEMI Turku–Toijala traffic analysis 2006 TORNIO Tampere area traffic study 2006 KEMI

New eastern high speed line study 2006 OULU RAAHE New Vuosaari harbour study VARTIUS KAJAANI KONTIOMÄKI YLIVIESKA M20a0s6ter’s thesis of OpenTrack KOKKOLA HAAPAJÄRVI calibration 2007 IISALMI

VAASA SIILINJÄRVI UIMAHARJU New airport line traffic study 2007 SEINÄJOKI KUOPIO ILOMANTSI JOENSUU

KASKINEN PIEKSÄMÄKI New car-carrier terminal study 2007 JYVÄSKYLÄ SÄKÄNIEMI NIIRALA

MIKKELI Master’s thesis of using OT in capacity PORI ORIVESI PARIKKALA TAMPERE IMATRA allocation process 2008 RAUMA TOIJALA HEINOLA KOKEMÄKI KOUVOLA IMATRANKOSKI

Helsinki–Riihimäki capacity increase 2008 RIIHIMÄKI LUUMÄKI VAINIKKALA TURKU HAMINA Kolari iron ore mine study 2008 KOTKA

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 6 HELSINKI HANKO Examples of finished studies Helsinki main station study 2004 • Study was made for analyzing significant traffic increase planned for 2006 (from 967 trains/day to 1040 trains/day) • Train amounts had increased in 1995–2003 over 70 %  would there be capacity left for additional increase? • For initial data we had only preliminary future timetable structures, all the rostering and track usage had to be planned during the project • Three different traffic scenarios were simulated • Existing production timetable 2003 (for comparison) • 2006 traffic planned with existing operation principles • 2006 traffic planned with alternative operation principles • This combination made possible: • Analyzing the traffic increase without operation principle change • Would there be advantages in changing them

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 7 Examples of finished studies Helsinki main station study 2004 – track usage schedule

Lähtevät 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 9:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 10:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 11:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 12:00 Pendo 3 # #

IC # # # # # Taajam a # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Kaupunki # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #

Pika

Saapuvat 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 9:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 10:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 11:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 12:00

Pendo 2 # # # 4 IC # # # # # # Taajam a # # # # # # # # # # # # # #

Kaupunki # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Pika ## # ## ##

Raide 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 9:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 10:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 11:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 12:00 001 9457 9065 9442 9330

002 9320 9459 9067 9069 9467 9473

003 9335 9438 9461 9071 9073 9075 9077 9079 9081 9460 004 9434 9743 9326 9328 9752 9463 9465 9469 9471 9475 9078

005 9923 9745 9927 9751 9931 9757 9935 9768

006 9436 9747 9749 308 9753 9755 9759 9761 007 624 666 203 85 225 5

008 3 53 353 102 204 104 009 9746 309 306 v 9924 9754 222 82 313 310 v 54 315 010 106 52 108 110 112 225 309 v 53 veturin ym päriajo Linnunlaulussa veturin ym päriajo Linnunlaulussa

Ilmala Ilmala

011 109 111 113 8454 8481 012 8678 8327 8485 8491 8493 8495 013 8471 8454 8322 8466 014 8325 8475 8331 8333 8335 8497 8501 015 8337 8341 116 016 8684 8692 8721 8727 8735 8743 8753 8761 8767 8777 017 8701 8703 8711 8717 8731 8741 8755 8765 8781 018 8055 8061 8713 8723 8085 8747 8103 8773 019 8053 8707 8067 8071 8077 8089 8095 8107 8113 120

Saapuvat 230131.132 .23 034 035 8,36 37Ko38 s39 o4n0 e41 n42 T43 e4 ro45 , 46 p47 a48ge49 5 08 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 9:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 10:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 11:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 56 57 58 59 12:00 Pendo IC # # #

Taajam a ## ## ## ## # ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## Kaupunki # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Pika #

Line length 11.5 km Total track length 85.0 km

Number of „stations“ 13 Number of signals 225 Number of routes 680 Number of elements 1280

Number of train movements per simulation run - timetable 2003 350 - timetable 2006 380 - timetable 2006 improved 370

Duration of a simulation (from 4 to 10 am) ~ 15 min Number of output files per simulation run ~ 8200

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 9 Examples of finished studies Helsinki main station study 2004 – results 100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 % 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019

Occupation 2003 Occupation 2006 classic Occupation 2006 imroved

Average occ. 2003 Average occ. 2006 classic Average occ. 2006 improved

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 10 Examples of finished studies Riihimäki Helsinki–Riihimäki-line capacity increase 2008 New model • Objective of the study was to determine necessary infrastructure improvements in order to increase commuter traffic amount Hyvinkää • For initial data we had preliminary timetable structures and suggestions of the infrastructure Jokela improvements • Rostering and track usage schedules for Järvenpää Riihimäki had to be planned during the project Kerava • Helsinki main yard was left out from the model Update of an because of its complexity existing model • The simulation process was done in two Tikkurila different companies – VR-Track and Ramboll Finland Pasila Vuosaari

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 11 Helsinki Examples of finished studies Helsinki–Riihimäki-line capacity increase 2008 - model

Riihimäki

Hyvinkää

Palopuro New bypass sidings

Nuppulinna Haarajoki

Järvenpää

Kerava

Tikkurila

Pasila Vuosaari

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 12 Examples of finished studies Helsinki–Riihimäki-line capacity increase 2008 - results Occupations / morning peak hours to south

90 %

80 %

70 % Occupation > 60 % Limited recovery from perturbed situations 6600 %%

50 % Alt B

% Alt A 40 % 2007

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

ki la ä la a ä lä a a la la lä la ä o ä e n ä ö a v ri ri y i v k k n p r m ra u u k s im a in o li n y ö e k k n a ih a v J u e K t K ik ik u P i P y p rv y T l R H Palopuro p ä K T u u J / O N io / v i a lm S a 21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 13 M Examples of finished studies Helsinki–Riihimäki-line capacity increase 2008 - results Perturbated traffic - alternative A Riihimäki 250,0

200,0 ) n i m ( 150,0 s y a l e d f

o 100,0 m u s 50,0

0,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 number of perturbated run Vuosaari Random generated delay at start Delay at end Pasila

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 14 Examples of finished studies

Helsinki–Riihimäki-line capacity increase 2008 – results • With simulation we were able to define following infrastructure improvements • By-pass sidings should be longer than first suggested • Tikkurila station proved to be a bottleneck  changes to layout should be made • Also minor changes to other station layouts should be carried out • Some additional improvements suggested before the simulation could be dropped out • Certain improvement requests to OpenTrack were made during the project • Ability to define track occupation observing intervals  under way? • DelEnd-file observation point should be changed  done

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 15 Summary

Experiences from OpenTrack • With OT we have been able to study and analyze wide variety of rail traffic problems starting from small travel time analysis ending to complex dead-end track yard studies • After implementing OT our scope of simulation studies has widened quite much • Simulation itself is still only a tool, the user has to know exactly what he/she is doing to get correct results • Until now we have focused on double track studies  considering the situation in Finland, single track studies are inevitable Future challenges • Single track section modelling with heavy traffic? • Construction works modelling with the machine movements?

21.1.2008, Kosonen Tero, page 16