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" # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 11 VWXY ™n& de(!"#% ()*+,-) !!!ÐÑq)Ò!#Æy!G:¾!1;¥!69kT!,Ý)¿!GG 9.í&!SQò&!Ðq!ÐÑq)Ò!9}q!o•S!˜ ¾!]Ï:Jå-!fö#!69kT&!ël!3‚!b@S!J ™.!b!à•[)³S!Íp1B¦!,!¸)efßGHHIJ! ¬.vef!ÐÑq)Ò!$Íy!1;¥!69kTS!¾Þ!X ÐÑq)Ò#!-./!Uû.‹!k|X!5?!D.‹!k ܬ!oq&!9œBo!Rl!@$Ç!7k¬!XÜ!°k! |#!¹!]]'!.5à!G]J!å-&!åa!Ãj.3!Ê7! ÛÆÚ!© By!Y!Aõl!7‚+Ž!°¶N!°$)ef! Aë#!ªõ!‚à)!§b!cef 1;¥y!ÐÑq)Ò&!ëa!69kTS!9œBØÙ!)!7 k)!Ãj.3!Ê7Ú!©äB‡y!¸+Žs!ÐÑq)Ò! !!!>-Ò!ÐÑq)Ò!kTRo#!tSÊà!‚àX!o $ÍU!5ÑÇ!G:'&!åBy!à•[)³#!J9Ú!Ra! €!U†#!B÷©ey!ÄÍ!ø.&!Ĺl!ÐÑq)Ò! æçN!¸S!õ6BCef!c9!ÐÑq)Òy!%Q!ªç! Ã9†9#!éì&!cef!c9!ß9o€U†#!B÷!ø .>¬à!o€!U†#!í÷!ä+Ž!ÃjÊ7U!Ѧ!• X!GHHIJ!5Ó!ëi!]H')j!B÷B3!j”+rs!GHHI ZÒØÙ!GHHIJ!I^E3!Ãj.3!Ê7y!½:Jå-Ž! J!°j!Ãj.3!Ê7 !´Ë!]µ&Ù!©€)!1;¥!°í ßµDìpLȽÓP#!¹!Ï'&!åBb!cef! 6}kTS!SSñÕ!®ãB3y!j”ef!GHHIJ!:^! ! ÐÑq)ÒU!ªÈÉ&!U‹N!•.ñB' !¾Í!o•X! !!!1;¥#!69kTX!ëfö#!W$Ê7s!í†ê! U ÐÑq)Ò!…?oq#!Boþ•S!wŽu!‰B8çS! l!ëÄpKs!kT.û,!˜™!ä+Ž!ßU!Í Ro&! 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ÞR•!}ñ!å-s!' ‚àX!%ë!.>¬à!o€#!U†)!5Ó!íä&Ù!• äs!VŽ¡Ão!«†&!З!.õ!¯Ô!äU+Ž!U† )!í÷BØÙ!ÃjÊ7!ЇU!A맨o!l")ef! !!!ÐÑq)Ò!o€9¬X!ªŽ!'“U!9¬+ŽÙ!ß 9.íˆ!Ão&!…¯B¦!•2By!éìS!÷b!cef! íÛÃ9U!«†oŽ!SZ…¦!§ØÙ!o€!.õU!í †B¦!¯HBb!)&!Ðq!'“U!9¬S!.>By!Ð Ñq)ÒU!tSÊà!¹†S!S¦!,!¸)ef!‘l!Ð !7X•!1¥2s!ˆ1• Ñq)Ò!o€pq#!ÃÃç!ÐRŽ!ʶBŸ!ŒX!& «3!°¶XU!-./!Uû#!ëøÊà!U†!j©+Ž! !!!ÐÑq)Ò#!kTRo#!‚àX!¬ l!þ‹Ú!Jl! õ!)j!ʶB3!j”o!l")ef!GHHGJ!ÐÑq)Ò ‰Bä¦&Ù!iÚ§¨ef!Ã9‰BS!Ra!…?viX7 y!UûõkS!]¯!:M•!&¬!ÏHå-&!&¬BC+Ò! &!+'§¨Ÿ!ÐÑq)Ò#!Ípy!GHHIJ!G^ÍÎ!ß9! GHH½J&y!]¯!:M•!GHå-s!GHHIJ&y!¹!]½Gå-E kT.B)!ÃÛ§7s!Ã9$a U!›X!&Un/!äX! 3!xÁ”ef!&«3!U†)!ß9!.5&Ù!U†)!ß Ã9$a¬!þ‹S!Jl!‰BS!t6l!ßU…)efã• ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 12 VWXY ™n& de(!"#% ()*+,-) Ø!&«3!7‚)!ÜÍB'!:k!î8‰S!A©l!/ ¼qX!GHHÀJ!Àf]'&Ù!GHH:J!ÀfÀ's!9}qX!GHHÀ 9Yp)Ùs!Ü7ÿûÝ!äX!/t!kTRoÚ!¥)B J!]ÀfÏ'&Ù!GHH:J!MfH'Ž!ëø!B÷BCef!éê! b!c3!j+rs!‘l!ÞÓÊà!kT$׬!.BS!$ (Ý!s!(ÝUœL’]MfÀ'Ps!kº!s!kº9–L’]f:'P aB3!jy!ÐKß!ûÝ!äX!)-!°‹Ú!àZÒb! )!h)«ûÚ!o~BC+rs!äî!s!¼0LHfM'Ps!œ cef! ÊoÛL½f]'Pä !ëø!B÷BCef ! !!!)-!1;¥!69kTS!,Ýl!ëÍ;#!ßU…X!Ê !!!.>! Uí#!þLjy!•ëŽ!D.‹#!MH'!)j +ØÙ!.B)!$a§Z!cy!ûw^Í)=æhL2:˜••! S!þ3By!‚îs!Uû!ä!&«37‚#!.‹X!GHHÀ É™‘š!ˆÕ8š8:ÚP!.û,S!÷b!cef!)…!ßU…X!µ J!ëi!I'! UBC+rs!D.‹#!]½'Ú!þ3By! ..B#!lÛ!l"&!$aS!Ja!‰BS!t6Bbs! ä7s!oÛ!ä!7ŒW#!.‹X!äJ!ëi!MH'!)j) :k7‚ÇN!.!cy!&«3!äS!÷b!c3!˜Bo! Ò! UBCef!9}q)!«†&!Å%!j‹&Ù!î’ l"&!ªŽ!þ‹S!Jl!‰BS!‘l!t6lef!Ðq =!$Íy!)^ã3!0Á*!)¿!°Æ3>S!Ѧ! Ù!2;ÉÓˆ!ßU…X!ëÄ#´ U!›/!ß9!kT.B U.v+rs!)y!.‹!.õ#! U#!UB!Å!‚à+ #!øÇÚ!tS!SS!.á&!*ef!éê!ßµ!kT. Ž!ʶl!¸)ef!$xÊ!#h&Ù!GHH:J!íÊû- B)!Äß7Œ#!‹>‹&!¶)B¦!vÛ§Z!cS!à u!Ã9«†y!^ã3!0Á#!UB!'õl!v•«CŸ! Ðs!ß9Xo7Œ#!tSÊà!È`S!SS!.á&!* `ö’=!¾~)!î’=!$º&!á'B3!je+Ž¢! ef!ÙL•qu!öo3!°‹qy!hߤ!Ro#!“† °ÆÊ!i¶)! UBCo!l")qbb!k!.!cef! X!Hfö!$aÃ9&!â„l!.–S!ªb!cy!¸) ef! ´Ë!Gµ!ÐÑq)Ò!x.Ã9!3Ë III. WX2YZ šH,€4 ›œL )• žŸ !!!ÐÑq)Ò!Ã9y!Ã9Ro#!±$)¨Ÿ!]GGIJ! )¿!ëøÊà!¨‹!ÑU±B&!З!.>ÃÃç!Æ¿ ¬!-./Ž#!.> ë!ä&!Š‹Z!GHHHJ!)¿!½' ë#!Ã9‰BÐS!î3a!Ì+rs!GHHM&HÀJ&y! 7X!•!ˆ1•s!2<˜<‘!2<˜<™Ÿ<™ÕŸ!08::™<<‘‘!•! ]H'!µÄ#!›X!‰BÐS!o~BCef!)!WX!›X! åååfž–—Ÿ<˜ ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 13 VWXY ™n& de(!"#% ()*+,-) ä!ªÈÉ!U‹&! Aõl!GM$!b@!'!½$! b@!9$S! J¬.v+rs!3ºÊà!.‹f9!”Ç$×&!Òéef! î’=!$Íy!GHHÏJ!]G^!ëñ¬!êKÏ$S!†æB b!B{õà!'!BÒà!kT.B!$a!ä&!ël!ßµ bS!$$ò+Ž¢!hßs!ˆ•!ä+ŽÍÎ!Š$Êà!•2 S!„¨+rs!ªÈÉ!U‹#!UB!Å!E‘bS!9xBC ef#!GHHÏJ!G^!h߬!ˆ•U!ÐÑq)ÒÚ!.BÃ9ß +Ž!à$ò+Ž¢!ÐÑq)Òy!ªÈÉ!U‹#!'õl!ä ¨Ô&! åBCef!! !!!ÐÑq)Òy!ä¦pqà!o€ðñ!/Dq!îJs!k Ts!•v!ä!Ùiû!pq&!ël!ÄßàX7Ú!Êû!î 7X•!ÈÔ‘!2<˜<‘!2<˜<™Ÿ<™ÕŸ!08::™<<‘‘!!!!!!!!! xBCef!GHH:JÍÎ!!°•Ú!iÚl!ë .&Ù!î LÔ<<™•··åååfž–—Ÿ<˜ !!!î’=!$Íy!GHH½J!D^S!Ja!A©,!`ö’ =!Dnˆ#!$×5ƒS!Ja!©e!õ!$aÇ&!6þ Ú!UBCef$!ÐÑq)Òy!GHHIJ!:^!h«µ!-. ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 14 VWXY ™n& de(!"#% ()*+,-) /©e!²Ù!ªÈÉ&!$ó+Ž!U‹B¦!§¨ef!î’ y!-./ˆ#!‚ñl!ÄÅ•Û!.»!*)y!3ºÊ =!$ºX!ªÈÉ!U‹S!ÛoŽ!Å4S!©e!õ!¨‰Ç +Ž!Ã9¤ä&!‰œN!.!*efmm!$aÇ!ä¦)! Bb!j¬¬!Ùiû!Í"#!.B$a&!З!ßUà Ã9‰B+Ž!5æ§o!RaÙy!ÐÑq)Ò!$Í#! ÃçS!©e!õ!€ÇN!Ûë)ef!ÐÑq)Ò#!ªÈÉ! ï¬Êà!$×+܉ç¬!}±!‰ç)!©e!õ!€B U‹!ï¬y!Kˆ©e !.>#!ÀH')jS!þ3By! ¦!õ6§y!¸)ef!ÐÑq)Ò#!1;¥!69kTX! o€! Í"&Ù!ñÎ9U! °q3ØÙ!ˆ•!.B+Ž#! )ˆWX!ï¬Êà!$×+܉ç)!Í„l!ßUU!ë .>! AëU!°j,ef!ÐÑq)Ò#! o€X!ªÈÉ&! Ä!$aS!¯ÜN!ÃÐ!Ò¹R!.!cy!ëÄ!nûÑ U‹B3!j”Ÿ!¬xˆ!ån!¾aÊà!K4!©¿} Ú!m!©'5!°Qqb!N!.!cS!¸)ef! xÒ!òó!.i!*)!wŽu!?ŽÚ!$ôN!¸)bs! ]qÍ"X!iõl!¯å3ë#!]pôS!î@.B+ Æ8<‘Ÿ Ž!Êû! .>N! °$)ef!‘l!ÐÑq)Ò#!.B! $a&!З!ÄßàX7U#!ÊûÊà!%>)!°j, 1. )!É"X!/t!”‰§3!jX!Óbu+Ž!à¶S! ef!ˆÕ8š8:™Ÿ ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 15 VWXY ™n& de(!"#% ()*+,-) |!ä#!.>&!ͬèŸ!.>•íÚ!Þ3ò+Ž¢! ˆ•#!33Ú!)ÖZ!µ¨ef! 9. GHH:&GHH½J'! ÐÑq)Ò#!HÂÍ"L—‘<˜™•! Ÿ‘Õ<8—PX!ukj©s!Hi®n!£}!ä+Ž!5ÑÇ! G:'!)j!‰BBC+rs!*HÏJ!o5!HÂÍ"#! .Bföy!¹!À½HJ!å-Ž!t$§b!cZ!`¿! ‰B#!ªõ!8ç+Ž!ʶN!¸+Ž!°j,ef 10. ëljœÆ#H!7X!}°&!#B7Øs!ÐÑq) Òy!3BÃ9!i')!/)`L:IfÏ'Ps!Ò)3n/ L:GfÀ'Ps!Ý7D/LÏHfG'P!ä!¿%ß!˜3jX! :Àf½'Ú!o~Bb!cef!3BÃ9y!$Í#!}í .‹!¯Hˆ!)Ž!àl!œœW#!¬1“Bs!í. ©“S!Rl!íkàj)qy!‡Ä¨S!Óµa!ý ûÊ+Ž!Ã9‰BS!“aBy!õà)!,ef!GHHI J!]^!]½¾!"Ǿ©f 11. Ûî@#!þZ±y!@$Êà!Ã9‰B¬!›X!¿ 3!.5S!76Bb!cyYs!-./!Uû!#´ U!]HH'&!åò& !&6Bb!-./ˆ#!@$Ê à!ÄÅ•ÛÚ!Ja!3ºÊ+Ž!Ã9‰BS!Bb! cef!ÐÑq)ÒU!%Q!Uû!;Ã"#!-./ˆ #!·ä)!9 ǧ3!˜Bb!&«3!;Ã)!Ûº! ¤ìleØ!)¸X!Ã9‰B#!UB!Å!ÄÍ!B{! õà)!I!U‰‰)!›ef ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 16 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) of Koreanists but also about normative documents that regulate translation processes. Practical transcription of Korean names in Ukrainian: comparisons, problems and In 2004 the Union of translators of Russia published a suggestions document entitled «Written translation – recommendations for a translator and a customer» which was created on the basis of experience of Russian translators and interpreters, GOSTs (Russsian set of technical standards), manuals for Chamber of Introduction Commerce and Industry and governmental ofices, etc. As to the issue of translation from Korean, this documents says: The issue of rendering Korean «Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian and Burmese names with the cyrylic alphabet names and surnames are to be written separatelly and with a has been topical for quite some capital letter in each part: for example, /0 1+ *+2, 3 4(2». " time. Russian Koreanists have Although there is more detailed explanation as to writing began to address it since 1950s Japanese and Chinese names in the appendix #5 of the which resulted in the Kontsevitch system for the Cyrillization of the Korean language. Unfortunately, in Ukraine this problem abovementioned «Reccomendations...», Korean names are not was left almost unattended, and the main reason for it was that mentioned anywhere else in this document. It proves that point about the lack of consistency in rendering Korean names in Korean Studies here were almost non-existent until 1990s. Rendering Korean names in Ukrainian and Russian languages Russian. Although here it is recommended to write all parts of often causes problems that are similar, thus it would be helpful Korean names separately, most Russian Koreanist insist on to summarize the work that has been conducted in the field by writing syllables of first names together (/02 5+67802 but Russian researchers. not /02 5+67 ,02). Russian practical transcriction was created by Russian scholar The example above proves that in Russia (and all the more in Lev Kontsevitch based on an earlier system designed by Ukraine) a unified system of rendering Korean names from Aleksandr Kholodovich in the mid 1950s. Today there are two original to target language has not been fully developed and schools of transcription in Russia: the Moscow school and the used. To systemize such rendering in Ukrainian we need to St. Petersburg school, that are very much alike in most aspects. discuss main methods of rendering names from original The main Apple of Discord is the issue concerning the language to target language and problems that arise in this rendering in writing, of vocalized ('() *+-,-+ vs. '() process. As Ukrainian and Russian languages are similar in some aspects while being different in others, we will often *+-.-+). There is an ongoing discussion on how good the compare the suggestions on Ukrainian transcription# put Kontsevitch system is – the transcription system with elements forward in this article to the Kontsevitch system. of transliteration, which makes it not quite convenient for both people who do not know Korean at all and mostly need to render the pronunciation as close to the original as possible (for Methods of rendering foreign names example, tourists) as well as for Koreanists to whom it is more important to know the word’s exact spelling in the original Correct rendering of the sounds of foreign words into language. But the important point here is that the Russians Ukrainian as well as to any other language is an important part have accepted more or less unified system of rendering Korean of establishing communication between different countries and names!, while in Ukraine such system simply does not exist – at cultures. Only through such a process we can recognize names best we just apply the Kontsevitch system. of people, cities, organizarions, etc. There are several methods of rendering names from the original to the target language. Despite the existance of the Kontsevitch system, there is still no clarity in the question of rendering Korean names in 1)Translation. In translation most common names are substituted Russian. We are talking not just about personal disagreements with established equivalents in the target language. ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 17 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) 2) Transcription.$ This method maps sounds of one language transcription and transliteration. In the beginning of the to script of another in a way that would render the sound as 20th century linguists already addressed this phenomena. close to the original as possible. Lev Shcherba - Russian linguist and lexicographer who 3) Transliteration. Transliteration creates a mapping from one elaborated the concept of the phoneme in 1912 - wrote that script to another that is designed to match the original script the norms of rendering foreign words “are irrevocably as directly as possible. defined in favor of pronunciation” but “not without some curtseys to spelling.”! Unfortunately, whichever of the above three methods we choose it would be impossible to render names from one Such mix of transcription and transliteration can also be language to another – in our case from Korean into seen in the Kontsevitch system. For example, in his article Ukrainian – absolutelly sufficiently. That is why we should “Russian and Latin systems of transcription of Korean choose an option that would satisfy the needs of a person words and personal names” Kontsevitch writes that in who uses a target language. To do so let us look more closely Russian practical transcription “spelling - 2O- is sometimes into the three methods mentioned above. allowed in front of vowels (, 0, F, P and Q to restore the spelling of a Korean word".”# But for a person unfamiliar The method of translation can be used to a very limited with Korean language there is no need to know how a word extent. To make it possible to use it to a greater extent would looks in Korean script. Furthermore, the Kontsevitch system require a constantly enlargable developed and vast database is mostly based on principles of practical transcription, not of intersubstitutable names. In case of Korean and transliteration, so it would be rather difficult to restore Ukrainian languages we can apply this method mainly when Korean spelling with its help, especially since it is not its task rendering names of religious figures and well established to begin with. characters. For example, ¡¢ – *09:;9 (but not *0:;), £¤< – 4+<0=;9 (not ,>08;), ¥‡ – ?)0@ (or A()0@, In Ukrainian the apostrophe carries out the function of but not ?B0), ^! – A@(2 (or A0(2, but not C0D(2), {h hard sign (O) in Russian. By the rules of Ukrainian (¦§) – EF8( (and not EFG0 or EF67HD(), ¨k – orthography, apostrophe is used only in front of letters L, R, I02=FJ>9 (not K028-L), ^! ©¤j 2¢ – '(M( S, T, when the consonant is pronounced hard but not when it N+<:7)+9 A@(2 '(@60 AA (but not C0D(2 '(060 AA), etc. is pronounced softly. So using it in front of any other vowels Surely, in kindrid languages – for example, in Ukrainian and (as Russian O in front of (, 0, F, P and Q) would be Russian – the method of translation is used more often, as incorrect a priori.$ Moreover, in Ukrainian language when the names although different in form are of same linguistic using the transcription offered in this article the propblem of origin. But Korean and Ukrainian are very distant apostrophe after 2 in Korean names is not esential. The languages which substantially narrows possibilities of combanation of 2 and L, R, S when the consonant is hard applying the method of translation. happens in Korean words only on the edge of two syllables. That is why in all words but names we shall use apostrophe As translation can not be widely used when rendering in such cases. For example, ª¥ – MF2’L, –— – )+<’R2 korean names into Ukrainian, we need to choose between etc. But as according to the transcription system offered here transcription and transliteration. To do so we must define we write names with a hiphen (see Some more suggestions who this rendering is intended for – general public or on transcription of Korean names of this article) apostrophe professional Koreanists. I should point out at first that becomes unnecessary after 2 in front of iotacized vowels transcription is much more convenient for non-specialists. because the hardness is gained through the use of hyphen: For them similarity of pronunciation is what matters most, and unlike transliteration, transcription suits this task dn™ – '() U02-V2, «?¬ – I>< U(2-?2, etc. entirely. Nowadays, both in Ukraine and Russia transcription is the most widely used method of rendering In abovementioned Kontsevitch’s article, he suggests to Korean names, but in most cases it is carried out rather render Korean strong (double) consonants •, ®, ¯, ° inconsistently, often mixed with elements of phonetic (but for some reason he does not include ±) with Russian ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 18 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) )), HH, MM and GG regardless of their place in the word. original pronunciation better in most cases. Every Koreanist According to this principle in Russian transcription we knows that on the edge of syllables Å in front of Ä gets should write double ) in ))0H (²) as well as in M())(H (© substantially weaker, sometimes almost totally disappearing. ³). But for Ukrainian transcription this rule is difficult to As a reasult we get the sound that can be described as a 6 Y accept. In Ukrainian language, exept for few isolated cases,% middle sound between Ukrainian [ ] and [ ]. But it is it is unusual to write doubled letters in the beginning of important to remember that changes in Å+Ä words. Accordingly, I suggest to render Korean strong pronunciation occure to different extent depending on the consonants as following: vowel that follows after and on the particular pronunciation - with corresponding Ukrainian doubled of an individual. For example, in the word DÆ [Å] almost lettters in the middle of words as in disappears and [Ä]’s pronunciation is very close to M>::(8( (´µ‚), )>MM+< (l¶), etc; Ukrainian [Y]. As a result the word can be pronounced not - with corresponding one letter in the only as M(67D70 but also as M(Y70. On the other hand, in beginning of words as in M(2 (·), the name «0Ç [Å] gets weaker to much lesser extent, so )0)H;B> (¸%l) etc. the pronunciation is clearly closer to I>< A67-/@(2 (and not A-N(2). Furthermore, although sometimes we compare the The fact that pronunciation of ukrainian consonants ), M, sound of Korean Ä to Ukrainian [Y], in fact they are rather :, H and G is stronger than that of Korean ¹, º, », ¼ and diferent from a phonetic point of view: [Y] ([r]!&) is an also decides in favor of mapping strong Korean alveolar trill sound while [Ä] is either lateral [Z, [, l] – consonants at the beginning of words with corresponding palatal, retroflex or alveolar depending on its place in a word single letters in Ukrainian. It can be clearly seen from – or alveolar tap [\]. On the other part, a palatelized alveolar transcription of ukrainian words into Korean: H() – ½, lateral approximant [l]] is present in both languages. That is :F<)( – ¾¿, etc. Strong consonants can be found in why for a Korean it would be easier to undersdant if a Korean names very rearly. As we write last names separately Ukrainian pronounces name dÈÉ as '() 1>67-/@( from first names and all syllables of first names with a instead of '() 1>-N(. Also, if we used the latter variant the hiphen single ukrainian letters should be used. For example, syllables would have to be changed (1>-N( instead of 1>Y- YÀÁ – W> 40)-UF2, «À – I>< 40)-E;, etc. ^, A-N(2 instead of AY-^2). Of course, as we are talking about practical transcription, following the spelling of I also suggest to render » in front of > and iotacized Korean words is secondary to us. But whenever possible the vowels with X as it conveys original Korean pronunciation structure of syllables should not be changed, especially as the more accurately than c. Russian transcription renders this letter combination 67D conveys both sound and syllable letter as c, because according to Kontsevitch, the use of sh division. was influenced by Japanese Romanization system Romaji. I also assume that Kontsevitch insists on transcribing » as Rarely in some words, as in ÊÉ, pronunciation of Å : instead of X because in Russian combination of X and + and Ä is closer to Y than to 67D (:0Y( – :067D@(). But is pronounced as [XP] which ruins the original taking into consideration that such cases are rare and pronunciaton. In Ukrainian this problem does not exist as [>] substitution of Y with 67D will not cause any difficulties in does not become [+] after hushing sounds. Therefore we understanding this word when heard by native speakers should write 1>2 E0<-UF2 (ÃSÁ), I>< 1>2-A67 («Ã compromise in favor of 67D seems to be the best solution. 0), etc. To sum up, I suggest to transcribe Å+Ä as 67D: M(67D70 (DÆ), I>< A67-/@(2 («0Ç), :067D@( (ÊÉ), '() Another peculiarity I would like to point out is the issue of 1>67-/@( (dÈÉ), etc. conveying Ä in front of Å. In Russian transcription two variants – YD and 67D – are used. For Ukrainian Unlike transcription which maps sounds of one transcription I would recommend writing 67D as it renders language to script of another in a way that would render ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 19 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) the sound as close to the original as possible, the task of A good example to illustrate the point is the Romanization transliteration is to create a mapping from one script to of the name of a famous Korean ice-skater «+*!", which another that is designed to match the original script as for some reason is romanized as Yu-na, Kim (or sometimes directly as possible. This method is mostly necessary for Yuna, Kim). Russian and Ukrainian journalists and reporters, linguists, people who specialize in certain language or culture. who surely do not know what the name of the skater sounds Use of transliteration is appropriate when compiling like in Korean, convey that name into their native languages bibliographies, in academic publication or specialized from the English variant. The result is that we read in editions intended for specialists in the area of studies, etc, as it newspaper and hear on TV about V2(!# I><. Although if provides exact rendering of the script of an original source. we were to transcribe this name back into Korean, the name As mentioned above, transliteration is a mechanical rendering would be different from the original - «UZ or «™*. of a text or its words, which are written down in one script This example also shows inconsistency in writing first and last with the help of another when phonetic identity is of minor names. Let me explain in more detail. In Korean, last name is importance. Therefore the best transliteration would be the always said and written in front of one’s first name. The same one which when necessary allows easily get back to the script order is also characteristic of Ukrainian, as well as Russian. of a source language. Of course a system should be Although sometimes Ukrainians may put their last name after developed that will define which symbols in Ukrainian the first one, it is largely limited to colloquial speech, whilst in language correspond to those in Korean. The examples of official use last name comes first. On the other hand, in applying transcription and transliteration would be as English last name comes second, so when rendering Korean following: on name cards, in newspapers and the like we names most English-speaking journalists follow the English would write NR A67-/@(2 (Ë0Ç) and W> C02-/> (YÌ tradition. As in most cases Ukrainian and Russian mass Í), while in bibliographies same names would be conveyed media get their information from some sources in English, as WR A6-/@(2 and A C_27-/+9.!! not Korean, they usually simply copy an English variant. Consecutively we read in newspapers about V2( I><, while Taking into consideration everything mentioned above we everyone knows Korean literature hero /02 K>67802 and shall conclude that two systems for rendering Korean words North Korean leader I>< AY U;2!$. Such inconsistency in (including Korean names) into Ukrainian are necessary. conveying Korean personal names can sometimes cause Transcription is required for general public, people who are confusion between first and last names. not familiar with Korean language, while Koreaniasts need transliteration in order to be able to accurately identify who To further elaborate on the topic of Romanization of or what exactly is the subject of the text they are reading. Korean language I should mention that there exist six systems of rendering Korean words with Latin letters. They are Main problems and suggestions to their solutions McCune-Reischauer System which was created in 1930; G.J. Ramstedt System which was used in «!"$ •Î A Korean When talking about rendering Korean names in Ukrainian Grammar» published in 1939; a Romanization system by we encounter a number of problems. Korean Language Society (€Ï$&@) announced in January of 1941; The Yale System which is also known as (1) Firstly, the Romanization of Korean is not well established Martin System; a system suggested by Korean Ministry of yet. Surely, for Koreanists who are familiar with the language Education which became official in 1984; and Romanization and can read a word in original suffer from it to a lesser system (based on principles of transliteration) created in 2000 extent. But for people who do not know Korean, for example by Korean Ministry of Culture and Tourism which is used tourists or journalists, it can cause quite a lot of trouble. officially in ROK!! nowadays. Although even a Koreanist may have difficulties reconstructing what a name sounds like in Korean from some In many cases Koreans themselves do not follow the rules English variants of Korean name cards. of the official Romanization system or mix several of the systems mentioned above. Names found on Korean name cards would illustrate this statement best. Let us compare ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 20 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) name cards of three people with the same last name >: Guk correspondence due to phonetic peculiarities of different Hoon Chung (>"Ð), Seun-Jin Jung (>ÑÒ) and DaeWha languages. So the task of transcription suggested in this work, Jeoung (>%É). Although they all bear the same family as well as of any other transcription, is not identity but as name none of them romanizes it the same way. Thus it is closest similarity as possible. virtually impossible to learn whether their last names are same or different. Besides even for a Korean-speaking person (3) The third problem arises as the result of an absence of it becomes difficult to be sure whether Chung is meant to univocal correspondence between Korean to Ukrainian render > or Ó. It is also interesting to note that in the first of transcription and vise versa. That is if we transcribe a word from Korean into Ukrainian and then back to Korean, the the three names phoneme Ô in syllables of the name is word we get may be different from the original one. The rendered differently Guk Hoon ("Ð), while Ô in the first reason for that is a loss of some phonetic peculiarities of a syllable of the name and Õ in surname are romanized as u: sound already discussed in the above paragraph. For Guk Hoon Chung (>"Ð). Moreover, in all the three cases example, we transcribe 4k as +98-L, and Y`> as W> orthography is different as well – all parts of the name U0-,-702. But when transcribing them back to Korean written separately, first name written with a hyphen, and first name written together. From this example it is obvious that +98-L would probably become 4Ù, and W> U0-,-702 Koreans themselves in most cases do not follow any particular would change to Ú-!. rules when romanizing their names. As the result transcribing them from a romanized form into the Cyrillic alphabet is a It becomes even more complicated when we need to very hard task. transcribe a word that has already been transcribed into another language. This is quite common situation for Of course different systems of Romanization exist not only Ukraine as many Koreans who visit the country bring their for Korean language. For example for Japanese we may use name cards with names romanized with no accordance to Hepburn romanization, Kunrei-shiki R`maji, and Nihon- any particular system. Afterwards Ukrainians convey these shiki R`maji; for Russian there are GOST 16876-71, ISO 9, romanized Korean names into Ukrainian script in a rather Library of Congress of the USA, etc. But practical liberal manner as well. Therefore, the connection between Romanization of Korean is one of the most inconsistent the original and target languages may be completely broken systems. as the results of re-rendering from the intermediary language. As an illustration, let us observe the following chain (2) The second problem lays within the fact that some sounds KoreangEnglishgUkrainiangpossible transcription from of Korean language are not present in Ukrainian. That is Ukrainian into Korean: >Ûn g Jung Tai-Sung g ,-F2f why transcription can often use only letters that correspond to 4(9-UF2f g cÜ ÝY ÁÜ (?). Unfortunately, it is hardly original sound rather distantly. As the result, such important possible to avoid such cases completely, but I am sure we can peculiarities of sound as palatalization, length and others definitely decrease their number. Koreanists can help convey may disappear. For example, Korean sounds [n, a]!" (Ö) and a name from a medium language more correctly; also a list of [b] (×) are conveyed in Ukrainian through 2 [n], sounds Korean surnames should be compiled!# so that anyone who needs a check on Korean surnames could easily consult it. (Ø) and [c, d, e] (Õ) through 0, while Ukrainian [6] and [Y] are mapped in Korean script with Ä. Differences (4) The fourth problem that is usually mentioned when in phonetic structure of Ukrainian and Korean languages talking about transcription is difference between traditional cause confusion in transcription. For example, sound [b] (×) transcription of a word (usually of a one that has been used is transcribed in general sources as 2 or as 2f – Y>)( widely for quite some time) and the rules of transcription /(2B(2 (!…), <>:H;Y I(2f (…). I would explain it as existing today. After a certain word was transcribed into a influence of English transcription which when re-transcribed target language, one or both languages may develop further. in Ukrainian notably changes the sound of an original word. The original correspondence between the sounds of the two Of course, transcription renders sounds of one language into languages may change, and so the pronunciation of the another only approximately as it is impossible to achieve total transcribed word develops in a different direction than the ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 21 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) original pronunciation. In some cases, transcribed even in a name. Let’s take for instance Chinese character ê (*ë‚ incorrect manner words may become widely used and ì í/<>/mee) which may be interpreted as beautiful, fine, changing them according to existing transcription would admirable. This character is often used in women’s names. "! make it difficult for most people to recognize them. This For example, «íî(çêï, I>< *>-UF)) – beautiful and happened to names of North Korean leaders in Ukrainian chaste, «íÏ (çêð, I>< *>-U02) – the one who gives language: most people know them as I>< AY-U;2 and I>< people beauty, «Æí (çñê, I>< /70-*>) – beautiful and U;2-AY, and writing them according to rules suggested in this dutiful to her parents and many others. Therefore, we have article (I>< A67-U02, I>< U02-A67) may cause confusion. established that every part of Korean first names has its own But similar names of other Koreans should be rendered meaning that can be changed or amplified in pair with according to adopted system. For instance, we should convey another character. This is a very distinct feature, which is not «0Þ as I>< A67-h(< (not I>< AY-h(<), ßnà as .D@; inherent to Ukrainian or most of Western names. This is U02-KR (not i09 U;2- KR) and suchlike. actually my first argument against writing syllables of Korean first names in Ukrainian together. Ukrainian U;Yf>9, Although I agree that transliteration of some names that Russian j6;2(, English Anthony, French Veronique and have become fixed in Ukrainian should not be changed, I suchlike considerably differ from Korean names in their believe that their orthography needs to be in concordance ethimology and what is more important in the correlation $ with generally accepted rules.! This will not affect ‘structure-meaning’. In Western names, we can not take out a recognition of such names by public while helping avoid syllable from one name and put it together with another confusion and spelling mistakes. syllable in order to make a name to our liking. Another argument in favor of writing first names with a hyphen is that I would like to emphasize that rules of transcription offered in such way we would reflect syllabic nature of Korean in this article apply only to original Korean names. For language. example, names of ‘goryeo saram’ – native Koreans who immigrated to Russia or former Soviet Union – such as i09 In Russian and Ukrainian publication, especially in mass (ß), I(f(9 (á), 1;) (P), etc, are not subject to change. media, last name and all syllables of a first name are often written separately. In my opinion, such orthography breaks Some more suggestions on transcription of Korean names the structure of Korean names and becomes a cause of mistakes and misunderstandings. By writing all syllables of Spelling of first names with a hyphen Korean first names separately we assume that each of them As it becomes clear from previous chapters, I suggest may be used individually. But although we can say «ò writing Korean first names with a hyphen between syllables. (Mr./Ms./Mrs. Kim/ I><-:>), «ó (Mr. Kim/ I><-BF2), « Most Korean names consist of a one-syllable last name and ¬ (Ms. Kim/ I><-L2"") and suchlike, we can’t call a person two-syllable first name. Rarely, last names may consist of two named «íî (Kim Mee-Sook, I>< *>-UF)) only í (Mee, syllables (less than in 0.1% cases) and first names of one or three syllables. Each syllable of a name corresponds with a *>) or only î (Sook, UF)). Unfortunately, rules of Ukrainian Chinese character.!% For example, âBã (äåæ, U02 /0- orthography"# state: «Parts of Korean, Vietnamese, Burmese and Indonesian personal names are written separately: I>< .DL2) – the one whom the sky helps, «0Þ (çèé, I>< AY U;2, '() 4> k02, /0 1> *>2, 52FS2 I02f /0(2, 3 A67-h(<) – the only son"&, etc. There is comparatively small hF *F2f l;H(9 .0H>2FG+H number of Korean surnames: according to census conducted , .» Such orthography seems to by the National Office of Statistics, in 2000 there were 286 be copied from Russian rules of writing Asian names, which last names in South Korea. About forty-five percent of all is quite disputable as can be seen from above examples. Korean surnames are divided between the three most Korean Studies is comparatively new field of learning in Ukraine and there are not many Koreanists yet. This has common – Kim, Lee and Park (I><, W> and '()). The both positive and negative aspects. Although the field of number of first names is theoretically unlimited as almost any Korean studies is developing rather slowly in the country, we Chinese character or their combination may be used to form ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 22 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) have a great opportunity to comply efficient set of rules Moreover, there is no division into capital and small letters. before wrong variants become common. Thus, if we were to preserve orthographical image of Korean names we would get something like /ohKAWp,oh Writing Korean first names separately also leads to (HONGGILDONG) or D02B>67802 (honggildong). numerous mistakes. One of the most popular examples Therefore, when spelling Korean names with a capital letter Russian Koreanists like to discuss, is rendering of the name of or separating a surname from a given name we already break Ban Ki-moon (zl•, E(2 K>-*F2), UN Secretary- the original orthographic image of Korean name. I believe General, in Russian mass media. As Ukrainian journalists that writing Korean first names with a hyphen does not break mostly get their information from English and Russian the structure of original names to large extent. In Ukrainian, sources, I have compared different spelling of this name in hyphen is a junctive mark, not disjunctive. It shows Ukrainian press, Internet and TV. When writing all parts of connection between equal elements, thus putting together this name separately, the second syllable of the diplomat’s syllables of a first name while clearly distinguishing them given name – Moon (•, *F2) – is often mistaken for his from a last name. Hyphen is often written in foreign personal surname. Here are the most unbelievable examples I have names when their elements, from the point of view of come across: '.5. *F2 (P.G. Moon), '. *F2 (P. Moon), 5> Ukrainian language, do not have independent semantic or *F2 (Gee Moon), '>2 5>- ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 23 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) correctly (except for Nominative case where there is no E0 (ùúûe Yà„), ,0:(2 ^2 .D(2-/0 (fü ýþB) change necessary). These are just several examples: «k>)H0Y etc. Vq;2)0 nF:HY>@:L n '(2 5> *F20<», «r( :60@(<+ b) Two- and three-syllable pseudonyms should be written 5;2;Y(6720f0 :;)Y;H(YL ooh '(2 5> a) In Ukrainian, pseudonyms should be written in front of surnames as they come in this order in Korean. For example, .DF:( I>< ,-702-/> (øe «>Í), E;BF2-B0:( W> KR- In the chart below are the twenty-five most common Korean surnames transcribed according to my suggestions. ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 24 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) Over 80 percent of entire South Korean population bears Conclusions these last names. For better illustration I have also included data from demographic surveys conducted in 1985"$ and This article represents an attempt to devise and systemize a 2000"%. set of rules for transcribing Korean names into Ukrainian. I suggest certain principles for a transcription system through analysis of existing methods and problems of rendering Korean names into Ukrainian, comparison with Russian Cyryllization of Korean words, as well as through semantic, structural and phonetic insight into Korean onomastics. I hope that this article will especially encourage scholars of both Ukrainian and Korean languages to accept one unified system of transcription not limited to Korean names but also for general use. Only after scholars come to a single system of transcription will journalists, translators and general public accept such a system. In comparison to transcription and transliteration systems from Korean existing in other languages, such systems for Ukrainian are on their initial level now. But on the other hand, this is a great opportunity to avoid confusion and arguments between different systems, which were created in different periods of time with different purposes. Rules suggested here are based on South Korean spelling and pronunciation. However, they are also suitable for North Korean names as well when adjusted to the phonetic image of the original. That is, if a person with a family name . lives on the South we should transcribe his name as A< (Yim), * Although according to the Initial law of South Korean W>< orthography which was adopted in 1933, Ä disappears in while a name of a North Korean should be rendered as front of [i] or [j] at the beginning of a syllable, I suggest to (Lim). render this surname as W> (Lee) not A (Yi). Firstly, such spelling Discussing transcription of Korean names I could not but of this surname has become traditional for Ukrainian to some extent touch upon general rules of transcription for language, and since it is the second most common last name Korean language. But suggestions on general transcription in South Korea, I suggest following the traditionally and transliteration of Korean into Ukrainian mentioned here established spelling. Secondly, writing A (Yi) may cause some need to be elaborated more thoroughly that I plan to do in confusion as Ukrainian language has a widely used my following articles. conjunction > meaning and. Notes ** I also suggest writing d (Park) according to its traditionally established orthography – '() instead of E() – as it is one 1) Of course the problem exists that a lot of people are not of most widely born surnames both among Koreans who live familiar with this system, which results in various ways of in South and North Korea as well as among Koreans who spelling the same name. We are mostly talking here about long ago immigrated to Ukraine and live here now. journalists who render Korean names to their liking instead of consulting the existing transcription system or a Koreanist. ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 25 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) 2) The «Recommendations...» are quoted from the official a consistent transcription (and transliteration) system for site of the Union of translators of Russia (http:// Korean in Ukrainian. www.translators-union.ru/community/recommendation/) 15) This system is often criticized for being inconvenient for general use. Although people who know Korean and 3) This article offers suggestions on transcription of Korean principles of this system can quite accurately restore an names only. A research on full Korean-Ukrainian practical original spelling of a Korean word, for everyone else it is transcription is being planned and will follow shortly. rather difficult to correctly pronounce words romanized 4) Henceforth I use the term ‘transcription’ in the meaning of using the system. This system is especially confusing for ‘practical transcription’. non-English speakers. For example, a Ukrainian or Russian tourist will hardly be able to pronounce correctly 5) u;Ys( W.k. 4Y(2:)Y+MJ+L +20:HY(22PD :60@ + something spelled like Yeouido (C0>-80). :0s:H@;22PD +<;2 + =(<+6+9 // vnsY(22P; Y(s0HP M0 LnP)0n2(2+R + =02;H+);. W., 1958. 4. 16) Hereforth phonetical symbols are used according to IPA 1. U. 153. (English translation by the author). and the Chart of Correspondence of Sounds of Korean Language to International Phonetical Alphabet, approved 6) English translation and underlining by the author. by Ministry of Education of Korea Jan.,7 1986 (# 85-11) 7) I02J;@+G W.N.NF::)(L + 6(H+2:)(L :+:H; < AY-U;2 instead of I>< AY name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=44 U;2. 8) Here I am only talking about practical transcription. I do 19) Lately there are also names that are of genuine Korean not deny the possibility of using apostrophe in other cases, origin and thus don’t have corresponding Chinese for example in transliteration. characters (*ë, •/, €t etc.), but they are not very 9) Double @ and n can sometimes be written in the beginning numerous. First such names began to appear in 1966 after of a word (as a result of junction of suffix and root: the campaign for names with Korean origin ‘‡ú Yë k @@(6+H+, @@;G;Y>, nn0@2>, nn(8F), : (::(H+, ::(@J>) 0Fl’, and gained the pick of their populatiry in 1980s. and 6 in the word 66S. But even nowadays, names without corresponding Chinese characters may cause some inconveniences to their bearers 10) Symbol according to International Phonetic Alphabet when filing some documents, applications etc. Alongside with a long tradition for names with corresponding 11) Charts of translation and transliteration are to follow Chinese characters this holds back wider spread of genuine shortly in next publications. Korean names. 12) According to my system in Ukrainian this name in 20) Here, I give only one of possible interpretations for both transcription would look like I>< C02-^. names’ meanings. For example, depending of the name- 13) In Ukrainian mass media I have found such variants as giver’s intention èé may mean ‘one son’, ‘the only son’, V2(, V-2(, V-h( and V h(, although V2( is used ‘the first son’ and so forth. most often. 21) In Korean there is no strict distinction between male and 14) Here, I write K>67802 together because it is traditionally female names. Surely, some characters are used more often rendered this way in Russian literary translations (rus. in female names while others are more common for male ones, but there are no strict rules. For instance, if a name 5+67802). I write AY U;2 separately because it is the UF) variant most frequently used in mass media. These two ends with ~î (Sook, ) it most probably belongs to a examples once again demonstrate the necessity of creating woman, and if with ~r (Sheek, 1>)) then its bearer is probably a man. Almost sure that a person named «0Þ ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 26 VWXY""""""""""""""" Olena Shchegel (!"#% "HIJ%&K …e) would be a male – the only or first son, but it can also be a woman named so before birth because her parents were hoping for a boy. 22) I suggest writing Korean honorifics with a hyphen and a small first letter by analogy with rendering Japanese honorifics in Ukrainian. 23) 3)Y(T2:7)+9 MY(@0M+: / A2-H <0@0n2(@:H@( ><. o.o. '0H;s2> h^h 3)Y(T2+, A2-H F)Y. <0@+ h^h 3)Y(T2+. — I. : h(F). 8F<)(, 2007. (N;8. *(n2>G;2)0 t.A., *():+<;2)0 h.*., .(9)( I.U.) 24) http://www.un.org.ua/ua/, as of November 20th, 2008 25) Correct declining would be “n '(20< 5> *F20<”, “'(2( 5> 26) Writing verses, drinking alcohol and listening to Gomoongo – Korean musical instrument. 27) People with two-character family names mostly have a one-character given name. 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[½‘‘–(!'—]f6!p—g!·ƒ!|'•!ŸÚw!Ñ -./0!lÐ!µ¸•!Ê!q/e!¸N6gi!™0³—!lÙ iO•So!;!u!pST!Jf!™0³¹!%564!JG(! +!+D!’¾¼!Q—pS1Ž!EN!tC+!pRST!+•! Én!0X!ky!-./0!hŸ6g!™0³¼!f§+!•ë ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 30 RSXY 7+,-)"D\8 d>B (+,'M) OP!‹ŒQRÀ!íeI!-./0(!o…•!Á¡fÃv¨! 7) /. #2%6$', ;. +$'7$<''2 "=)4$5&6'$678 2%2 5*$>.)7&'2)? lž¿!ºP!q¼ª!u«6!¬RST!Oho•!-./0!l ?@78, 0$7$*A) .A32*&B7 =)%&*@68 2 #0*&2'&," !"#$ $ й!EÁ‡6P!{%564}!•¨!{™0³}!fÃv¨!’S! %&'(': )*%+%,$*' +'-$%+'(.+%/ 0"1%2'3+%34$ 5"('&63$ $ "œ¼ª!u!p1!XЕ!Òw!u!pRST! 7*&'$+8 (9$60.&: :)'7* ;&*')-2, 2003), 6. 30. !!!UV+,! -./0! hij[! ‹ŒO•À!{œ!g'!f 8) C&1 D), 6. 30. §}e!{¦!™0³!f§}¨!GÁ‡Ijv!ÍÓ¨!fns!h h¹!+‚•!Òw!u!pRST!™0³(!fns!,•e!” 9) C&1 D), 6. 31. Js!h•w!wLI!-./0!fj[!fn!yfe!”J!½ ‘w!+ÔÚ!u!pRo•!-./0!EÁ‡!Ÿ0!¦!™0³! f§!‹Œ6!L‚!Á¡s!Åjx+!sRX!ÜÝ+RST! !!!˜™š!™0³¹!-./0B(!G[&ö!\]!'y+! noÝÙ u2I!Õ³[Æg•!-./06g!YIZ!¾¼(!¢Ö+! …o!p1!¿¿+ST!/¯Á±!LÉʨ!+×sHI!G[ ÚfŒ!7lQQd@T!ÛI.J!}JG(!û!ÜÝ!ƒº.+š¹!- EFw!•¼0SX!m•!µn‡w!•ä€Hó•!-./0 ./3TÞ!Cߣ!àúTál"›X!….0³!i‘e!GJˆ (!o…•!Á¡fÃvw!Þ•OÔ1!êë‡w!X»z!š ‰âT!g»Ý!•»!³¯ŽDT! [o!pST!Ä•!{@f§!üÆ6gi!…†6!…¼s¢!€ i•!•O1!M!¦!™0³!f§!‹Œ6!p—g!Ìi!µÀ Cߣ!7lQQc@T!ÛãB0X!™0³(!õ{f§e!™0³TÞ! w!~•Oo!p1!|+ST!!!! äåæ!àúTá•L!™0³!G[ÃJ¹!›‰‘–âT!g»Ý! •»!³¯ŽDT Allison, R., White, S., Light, M (2005). "Belarus between East Ø9;?: and West," Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 21-4. 1) R. Allison, S. White, M. Light, "Belarus between East and West," Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Burant, S. R (1995). "Foreign Policy and National Identity: A 21-4 (2005), pp. 487-488. Comparison of Ukraine and Belarus." Europe-Asia Studies. 47-7. 2) !. ". #$%%&'()*, +. ,)-.$%(, "/0$'$120& 2 3)4$5&6'$678 '& 5$676$.)760$1 5*$67*&'67.)," !"#$ $ %&'(': )*%+%,$*' Szpoluk, R (1979). "West Ukraine and west Belarussia: +'-$%+'(.+%/ 0"1%2'3+%34$ 5"('&63$ $ 7*&'$+8 (9$60.&: Historical tradition, social communication and linguistic :)'7* ;&*')-2, 2003), 6. 12-13. assimilation," Soviet Studies. 31-1. 3) S. R. Burant, "Foreign Policy and National Identity: A #2%6$', /., +$'7$<''2, ; (2003). "=)4$5&6'$678 2%2 Comparison of Ukraine and Belarus," Europe-Asia Studies, 47-7 5*$>.)7&'2)? ?@78, 0$7$*A) .A32*&B7 =)%&*@68 2 (1995), p. 10. #0*&2'&." !"#$ $ %&'(': )*%+%,$*' +'-$%+'(.+%/ 0"1%2'3+%34$ 5"('&63$ $ 7*&'$+8. 9$60.&: :)'7* ;&*')-2. 4) R. Szpoluk, "West Ukraine and west Belarussia: Historical tradition, social communication and linguistic assimilation," E).>$., F (2005). 9"+%,"+ 5"('&63$. 9$60.&: G.*$5&. Soviet Studies 31-1 (1979), pp. 76-98. 5) N. P. Vakar, Belarussia: The making of a nation (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), p. 74. 6) Ibid., p. 74. ! 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Beissinger, M. 2002. Nationalist Mobilization and the h€À!œÆ•!lQÅ(!-./0¢‡¨!…†HI(!Éöw! Collapse of the Soviet Union. Cambridge. hh€So!•ST!Ä•!"pÅ!¢ä1!1h!•Ü+!³Ÿ!™ 0³•!…†! ~û6!ÌOX•!••So!LÈw!€So!• 3. Danilova, E. 2001, "Kto my, rossiiane?" in Rossia: ST!íG!+¹!H¨!íe1!³¸!-./0¢‡6P!A…N! transformyruiuscheesia obschestvo, pod red. Iadova, V.A. [n[!æ×Oh! ~Oó•! fÃv(! |'•!Šº¢! yƒ ¶y¹!y˜‡yw!š˜1Ž!ö([!+/—hh!#búw!’ Moskva. zEo!pST! 4. Gapova, E. 2005a. "O Natsii bednoi zamolvyte slovo." Topos 1 (10) V. >a 5. Gapova. E. 2005b. "O politicheskoi iekonomii !!!•L!-./0¢‡¨!z‘+!Á¡fÃvw!äåOh!~ natsional'noho iasyka" Ab Imperio 3. €Hó•!Ljý(!-./0¢‡6!(‚!A…Q1!Á¡!f Ãv6!L•!AÉs!—‚[!Ä•!æ×Oh!~Oo!pST! 6. Ioffe, G. 2003. "Understanding Belarus: Questions of 234~6_‚+!uÙQ1!•L!lÐ6g•!t+!›‰¼ (!F—HI!Sr•!ݼs!7Ý+!½DO1!•L!lÐ6 Language," Europe-Asia Studies 55(7). g!-./01!fÃv(!S•v7øbaù_b>;ú@+.1!ÝJ6! ‡ksHI!LwOh!~Oo!p1!žf+ST! 7. Halman, L. 2001. The European Values Study: A Third Wave. Tilburg. !!!+¹!H¨!—‚6g!;!Ü•!-./06g!•L!Á¡fà v¨!ñ6g¹!H+!0ÁþlÐ7²>=>²@fÃv(!\]!' 8. Hroch, M. 2005. "Language as an Instrument of Civic £HI!ŒÄQ—u!Oh!#wz!µœ3†P!DŽ‚!îS Equality," Ab Imperio 3. 7ƒù9²±•!lQQc@T!>Ih!+¹!H¨!(¢(!Á¡fÃvHI! -./01!•×!¸Æ•!0Ls!¾¼6!LwÚ!u!pw!ù HI!T¿NST!˜™š!+¹!H¨!fÃv¨!–—!•¨!( 9. Titarenko, Larissa. "Post-soviet national identity: ¡ve(!¸7s!ˆtw!•µOX!’S1!0Á(£(!w Belarusian approaches and paradoxes." Filosofija Lm6g!\]!Q1!ù+ST!žJI!DÀ±J7í>^?^$9=•! Sociologija. 2007. T.18. Nr.4. pp.79-90. lQQd@[!]Õ€Æ+•!+¹!H¨!S•s!Á¡fÃv(!\ ]¨!lQQd$!Vm!"# !!!Ljý(!-./0¢‡+!uÙÚ!u!p1!Á¡fÃv(! äv'%‡¨!y°u•y!œA¨E(s!lo!•¨!Á¡E( s!lo[!³_.•!Ljý(!lÖ‡+!A…Ú!u!p1!X îs¢![n•!S0!a‚!S•E(¹!qjœw!2¤•!ÁE E(s![n‡"!ù+ST!+¹!H¨![n‡!m6g!Á¡f Ãvw!]VÚ!”ƒ!-./0¢‡¨!eÅI!ІOX!’ S1!D••!h—O1!ZN6!gP!ª!ùHI!‘¯•ST! "?%?ù?^²?: 1. Anderson. B. 1991. Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London. ! 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DE@=BFG! 7lQQpT"lTV@ j@ ó=E;;=HEBI!ó;<=>>?@ABJ;HEBI!ôKLMBF=< p@ õKF;NEBI!ó;<=>>?@ABJ;HEBI!ö=OKP #@ ÷F=EB;OHEBI!ó;<=>>?@ABJ;HEBI!ö=OKP "Q@!õF;Q@KOHEBI!ó;<=>>?@ABJ;HEBI!!ôKLMBF=< ""@!õF;Q@KQ;<@K=HEBI!!ó;<=>>?@ABJ;HEBI!ö=OKP "l@!R>J;LH>BI!ó;<=>>?@ABJ;HEBI!ôKLMBF=< "V@!õKF;NEK ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 46 RSe"f"X`Jg Understanding Belarus and How Western Foreign Policy Misses the Mark Belarus - Culture Smart! Culture Smart! provides Politically Belarus appears essential information on to be a relatively stable state, attitudes, beliefs and underpinned by its close ties behavior in different to Russia, but economically countries, ensuring that you it has a long way to go to arrive at your destination keep up with its neighbours. aware of basic manners, The Belarus economy is still common courtesies, and largely under state control, sensitive issues. These concise but its proximity to Europe guides tell you what to and high annual economic expect, how to behave, and growth rate, makes this how to establish a rapport underdeveloped country an with your hosts. This inside knowledge will enable you to intriguing prospect for foreign investors. This authoritative steer clear of embarrassing gaffes and mistakes, feel guide gives a market overview and looks at the legal, confident in unfamiliar situations, and develop trust, regulatory and financial environment for foreign investors. friendships, and successful business relationships. * Author: Habiba Anwar * Author: Anne Coombes * Publisher: GMB Publishing * Publisher: Kuperard * Date: March 1, 2009 * Date: October 7, 2008 * ISBN: 978-1846731570 * ISBN-10: 1857334728 The "Historical Dictionary of Belarus" covers a broad range of topics including, Belarus's history, economy, politics, religion, culture, and demographics. It looks back on the country's origins, and gains insight from its history of domination by Poland and Russia, as well as its historically strategic location between Western Europe and Russia. the Baltic Sea. It also traces many nationalist and independence movements and discusses their cultural impact upon present day Belarus. Over four hundred dictionary entries provide quick and easy access to basic facts and personalities from Belarus, including important historical figures as well as contemporary political players. An important volume dedicated to a new and still relatively unknown country, the Historical Dictionary of Belarus goes far in finally bringing information about this area and its people to the light of day. An essential volume for those trying to grip the importance of the furious changes occurring in post-Soviet Europe. The book also includes two maps: one of Belarus's position in Europe, and a detailed map of the country. * Author: Vitali Silitski * Publisher: The Scarecrow Press, Inc * Date: September 28, 2007 * ISBN: 978-0810858121 ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 47 hi)TDj (y6Q/d!Z >Ú) WX2YZ >E RS e4 RS e4 12/ 30 =!ëJas!-’Ð!•Û!$^! 10/ 190 íY¦)!)pæ•! ¬pL%&P! L Rl!ä¦!}tS!$Í@&!ñ…Z! •! -./! ÍDns! !œœ0a4¬#! uÈBqb!3. Þ„!àÎ'&Ù! -./y! ÐÑq D/!$͈!ípûåV!¯aòë! o3!uþ!Ï$!5BBo!pq3ñ! ÿbn7!q)û!h!ßKB•s! • 11/ 260 '#x!jeØ!o.N!¸ý 6ûˆ!„¾!s!e—!î@! Æ‚ß! ëË…¬!äÇ!JÇ&Ù!ÐÑq) (!†D!hß! ÍJas! ÐÑq)Ò! Òˆ! >×3Ë#! Òå! U‹! ±þ! 10/ 160 3 ÍÚ!ñÒ! Òåˆ!ˆ•! U‹S! oÆ!õÝ 33By!‰Á! 11/ 120 hß#!l! bR!ÄÅ•! nÐÑq) 10/ 130 !åY!=!ëJas!5$a†! Ò!$Íy! Ûº!Ro!j‹&!cy! õÝ ¸+Ž!©àenr!ÐÑq)ÒU!Ò å! Æ‚ß)! §‡Ø! n¬°$0ð! 10/ 130 `ö)=! 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ÈûÈ!àε<”!ä!M$!-./!p lV!}¾Bo&Ù!ÐÑq)Ò#!h ”&!ëa!a4!'3 B¾Žp!EFnÒLÙ€ëP|!ß» ’!-./!ßÈ!/p”]oX!a4bS! ßZ‚jLÐ.jP!.j “cê!ÐY¡eb!¹ºa!a4!' 3!°‹!Øòf WX2YZ-!" =3 123) >E RS e4 RS e4 ´;<#!Ð{µ!´;<#!c€µ#!Ð 12/ 2 - 70 12/ 4-50 GH!&Ù!/|!9!]Ïþ!î@@© Ñq)Ò!ÊU!@±[)!ðY=• Ïço6LÉ20ˆPÆ#&!íY¦)!h U!lß!a"B'!lßÊUÆ#& Y`æ•!ÄKÍB•!á( Ù! ª%By! )íÛ! ÊUˆ#! ë Ç*!Ü°&!á( 12/ 30 ³Ip±Y! ×Ü"=! Öq×.! ë JaX!GHHGJ!°$b@!ÛëS!¤ ÐÑq)Ò!)^Y°!HJH=ƒ> 11/ 270 Ë Þ*#!œ5!GHHIJ!]G^!½!^¿!: .!ëä"Ç°Ò#ä•!/•?&Ù! 11/ 60 ³Ip±Y! ×Ü"=! Öq×.! ë $%!°$ JaX!^ph!•^à&¦!ÏB!ä "S!©•eb!Öq×.!ëJac 11/ 40 ÐÑq)Ò!ëb‚s!lßà!î!ì S! ïal! @#Ž! oH,! ,LAP! )!ÉÑS!Ja!¤Ë Òxª#! ûBC±„! ÀÁ&! ëa! ni/! %b3 7!K/hY!Üe ‚®ëŽ!ì4!]MJ#!còS!^b 11/ 30 ¼U!M¾! ¾$+Ž!Öq×.Ú! œ 10/ 310 'HoqÝs! ÐÑq)Ò! f9! s! óa" oq$×R‚ƈ! lDÐÑq)Ò ?! 'Hoq! Ïç! âaãÙL;É•P! 10/ 240 †=!ÄKÍ!ëËÞ)!…ûÑÚ!a †æBbs!âß!'Hoq?!Ïç° " q!t%BoŽ! 10/ 210 Öq×.! . ! …ûÑ&Ù! GHH–:! 10/ 260 äqÛ s!012L„»ßU5ƒP!ßU JZ%! ñæö&Ù! -./’Öq à!-./ˆ!ÐÑq)Òs!Ü7ÿû ×.!ƒ8!¬°K–S!c. Ý!ä&!3¼!]G’GG¾!.B$ôÞ S!vŽa!M¯ñ!å-#!Û¹!cÊ 10/ 130 Öq×.!ÄKÍB•! íY¦)! h S!Z•eb!üŠ Y`æ•U!•žÍYÑÚ!a" ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 50 hi)TDj"""""""""""""""" 123) šH/e@•É 123) šH 123) e@•É RS e4 RS e4 Öq×.!…ûÑ&Ù! /o! oZU Öq×.!$Íy!]G^ÍÎ!Èûs!U 11/ 200 12/ 20 o!ëÆU!/‘ L9¬s!öª!ä!¾Í!¬r&!ël! .‹S! e‰Ê+Ž!9lBoŽ! è 11/ 200 Öq×.!…ûÑ&Ù! /o! oZU eb!-./!¾?!G7i.hËU o!ëÆU!/‘ 9¹U!© Öq×.!. !…ûÑ&!QO)!µ 11/ 250 1;¥y!ÐÑq)ÒL]ÏÀJ!å-Ps!_ 11/ 200 UnL]:½J!å-Ps!/)KZ±LG] ‘ J!å-Ps!v!ûÝL½ÏJ!å-P!ä Öq×.#! …ûÑ&Ù!PU±! / &!7k!9œS!%€!©àèbs!Ö 11/ 160 •!Ï9!)GHHI!Âì±*U!/‘ q×.s! íYi/s! Î!! ä& ! 1;¥#!7k!.M)!u6l!j# 10/ 250 Öq×.!…ûÑ&Ù!Q†Zûñ1 11/ 140 -./U! kTRoŽ! vpRo&! Rû!íÛ^.ºëÆU!/‘ w|!Öq×.&!GHJ!å-!j•#! þ•S!9œ!Ž!èeb!n/!æ© Öq×.y! )GH]H! i/œ! ^± û`!J,)!© 10/ 160 S*!î@}Á!°^&Ù!TVg± 9! ]Hþ! )GHHI!oÒ¬!.û,#! 11/ 110 &¦!M•]Ž!U&Ù!÷¸ äU*!ß9éÁ6èÆU!/‘ 10/ 70 Öq×.y!j•¢eYÍYÑ!î@ 10/ 220 Öq×.! $ÍU!1;¥&! GHJå-! j•#! 69kTS!õÝèeb! à •6^.ºëÆ!i7Þ†æ©&Ù! eYNûJ,)!© „¾O&!÷¸ ]GMG’MMJ!°)&!ûw|#!H–!$Í&!#a!7ܧ¨Ÿ!ëoQ)!kJ&!½:ªJS!¥”ef!ÐÑq)Ò#!„»! )¿&Ë!)!°•&!ël!%j)!œóÊ+Ž!}°U!§¨bs!3¼!GHHIJ!]H^!GÀ¾!î@5ƒ&Ù!)!°•S!H –#!ë©!ïŽ!f$V¦!§¨ef!ÐÑq)ÒÛ!)…7…)!«)!xªBy!WÒe#!³À¹ªy!Â^!]]^#! 9Š!åõ¾S!ëoQ!zì7!tö¾Ž!o(BoŽ!æ$BCef!¯ñ#!zì7Ú!U›ÌŸ!ëoQ#!%jv‡¬! •–B'!-./ˆ!ÐÑq)Òy!e.!l-!RÜ$¦!ë»B¦!§¨ef! ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 51 hi)TDj 123)8 !" =3 RS e4 123)4 Tjú >ES 12/ 60 Öq×.!ß»¤[Þ)!]G^!Ï¾Í Î! G½¾E3! äß! ]H$! .&Ù! Ñnûhû! é^! ¤[!)£ÕEo! àò*!ÄÆœ5!°$ 12/ 2-30 Ù{!,q£Ã&Ù!lß’Öq×.! âß?! ¬!oÒÏç! %! a@S! öÛBo!Rl!)GHHI!l’Ö!¬! #!R*S!$% 11/ 200 lß$¤56‚Ly½1PX!)œœX7! •n! ! %S! Rl! ß9Æ #*Ú! $%èb! Öq×.s! ß• is!Î!!$Í!ä#!$×!L•7… )!åƒ&!á' üî@!Öq×.ý#!¨8U)7!.…°Æ!u8Uà! Öq×.#! ±h•n! ªÑ! Öq× 11/ 190 ³Ip±Y!pqXÜy!GHHIJ!]^!…ûÑ&Ù!/• .@!Ã[>µ•!J,°Lœˆ•ÈÇP!° Ÿ!$Í•ë.R&!á'èey!)îŽ!3¼!]H^!G½ B!5ƒYû!a" ¾!Ãó&!5Ü)!§¨ef!î@)!Öq×.&!ël! k3}x…S!a9èŸ!eeR&!>Ú!5Üèey!° iplõhS&Ù! )úx°6Ï9! 10/ 310 c&!Ðny!ªraË!N!¸)ef!GHHÏJ!ëJa!^ GHHI*)!/‡! Öq×.Ú! ñòl! x!)¿!Öq×.&y!7îÚ!Rl!.…¨8)Ò!. ]À$ß#! ªlÄßë°! Íà…)! R…)!¨¤B¦! UBb!ceyY!ëa!ª#Ú!o tS!LQ!eâl!Z[úxÚ!^© {'Ë!N!¸)ef u ,-ô "á\4 6UU4 žV| T! UV+W4 IK UV+Wt ,-ô ,n¨É"YŠX WX2YZ, Y3I *, *Z9•*, *HZ©Y[, \f©, YÚ‡ 123)q –—IK L kU]J€_ ^4 _`IC H¨a w| Hý b‚. Y8 ct IKt Y\ "á\Y 6UU48 )•šH žV| Md!‚• €4 *e Y3$f‚. Ý2` 27ž4 6 7ght ?l! "á\4 Hf, l,8 -à¡ @e\| I KFl T‰ 350 ù! UjC IKFlj b‚. Y8 ct IK4 i ‚j €4ij ()*á Y\4 31q =kC FI l•‚• wYŠ‚. gh: Russian Today December 3, 2008 ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 52 klm"f"nk2"Jg +,m~k NOP (Wan Suk Hong) ! !"#"$%&' O$L nI ! ¡AX© "<"H=3%&'(MGIMO) >E& de ! D’ !"#"$%&' "HIJ%&K ()*·CIS&L 'M ! U^ Œ•j “o -´qB ¨Eq` ()*-WX2YZ =38 U2)* >EšHý„p`” (2007), “WX2YZ ’Dq: !"q U• ‚x8 r48 >mŸJ”(2007), “()*4 !zfsÉmH ,t ,?L y5”(2006), “Issues & Prospects Regarding Korea-Russia Cooperation”(2006), u21¢l ! ", v ()*[á?w(xnšH+,-, 2005), uD% ()* "ám38 ¢3y5w(y•: !ì*5 <í, 2005) ^Y ˆ‚. ! e-mail: [email protected] +,'M ™n& (Seong Hak Yoon) ! ‡z%&' O$O•L nI ! +¢%&' %&K >E& de ! %WšH+,-, UzDaewoo td, ()* IMEMO {K+,K J~ ! D’ !"#"$%&' ()*+,- +,'M !U^ Œ•j “()* PUüI ,€€> +,,” “()* ´|•A +,,” “x}*)* ~káY:,” <()* q•Iá %!6"| ©€‚> (•‚ƒ FWA, 2008) ^Y ˆ‚. ! e-mail: [email protected] +,'M NPW (Sogu Hong) ! !"#"$%&' O$L nI ! „Z‚ …†§%& (University of Alberta) WX2YZ 6‡& Pde ! D’ !"#"$%&' ()*+,- +,'M ! U^ Œ•j “>E8 ˆk8 ‰A: WX2YZ e@•ÉD?4 9§@”(2008), “The Influence of Western Culture on Ukrainian Cultural Identity”(2008), “WX2YZ Š‹q Z§Œ p`(Cosmos)8 Š•(Chaos)-Ž)4 t+(tsyhanshchyna)L ¡4Š‹(mock wedding)C x•ij”(2006), uWX2YZ$ •‘ƒw(••’, 2007) ^Y ˆ‚. ! e-mail: [email protected] +,'M d>B (Jeong Ho Park) ! !"#"$%&' O$L nI ! ¡AX© "<"H=3%& (MGIMO) >E& de ! D’ !"#"$%&' ()*+,- +,'M ! U^ Œ•j “yÇl WX2YZ %#>m4 l‹ŸJ L ›n +,”(2007), “WX2YZ 67>m nL "áDyy5”(2006), “123) 67>mnL "áDyy5”(2006), “()* +Ÿ=34 ÎH8 ªP”(2006), u“t R•4 *YA”Xw(¨•:#%g•e, 2007),u–—4 ()*w(¨•: !ì*5<í, 2007), u21¢l U2)* fyL "H=3w(¨•: !ì*5<í, 2006) ^Y ˆ‚. ! e-mail: [email protected] ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 53 klm"f"nk2"Jg +,€' y6Q (Min Guen Jeon) ! !"#"$%&' O$L nI ! !"#"$%&' %&K ()*&L ’& ! e-mail: [email protected] +,€' d!Z (Hanna Park) ! !"#"$%&' O$L nI ! ¡AX© MADI %& •´&{ M˜ ! ™šA+3y¨=jY›, ()* •|• O„‡jB œ$%& 'Ç&• ! D’ !"#"$%&' "HIJ%&K ()*·CIS&L ’& ! e-mail:[email protected] +,€' džŸ (Chorong Park) ! !"#"$%&' O$L ’& ! ()* F© AX H3 gymnasium nI ! ()*$ 2}J =Ú¡` !U ()* %!6" %e= [¢ ! e-mail: [email protected] ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2 U k r a i n e & B e l a r u s! ! 54 nko8 “Ukraine & Belarus” (Bi-monthly e-Journal) :IeÒÊ£ 2008. 12/ 80 Dd 2´ 8B • UVW4! 3454X6?)!789:; • UV\]^4!&'(!)* • _`!abcde4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! &(L!:;)*!(LfgNB!hi?!2$) 2JK!:;)*!(789!Jj?!2$) 23B!:;k)!(4FGH6?I!($ZJ) • :lW4!567866589:;< 2008. 10/ 250 123) %2¤ 3567• () *C Ÿ•Fk 9:;<= %2¤L @A| áf‚. Y } Ÿ•q` ¥ >?t ßQq D•! ¢38 à¡4 šHTlq %‰ Œ4 biG, ›p 123)q %! ()*4 20¦¦ IK| _‡§¨‚. IMFq`f IK | §t 123)4 3567• 9L ` eYq` ÈÚ #'4 y5| ©‡ ˆ• wij ª«v‚. mn!Ko!pqrs!<55=t! Call for your contributions! “Ukraine and Belarus” e-journal t k(ª\4 •k C l‚<•‚. WX2YZ8 123)4 >E, #' “Ukraine&Belarus”• !"#% ()*+,- u“9” L ý„, šH, e@•É ^L =ôv UHj -Œ•, Ú@ “`” eYq`: µ2™ ¶H" WX2YZ8 123)4 B, ¬Ú•^| l‡F)‡k F• ª\t •Í yŽ® "áDyy5w=j·B4 e-Journal”•‚. qu +¯([email protected])| U)l ©°• ‚. •kkqu• ->4 ~‡˜C :±•>”•‚. k ‹ =j·B• 2007. &¸Ò¹’º4 lž&•+,I (ª\4 8M8[ •kj •Í •‘4 Mc| !² Q 2 K [•e@ª¥ ‰#IJ+, . LHj Ï>†$ Ò ³kU)l ©°•‚. dx”•‚. ! " # " $ % & ' ( ) * + , - • e - m a i l : 3 s l a v s @ h u f s . a c . k r • 0 3 1 - 3 3 0 - 4 8 5 2