Fibers to Fabrics FID 1 Fiber- Filament- Yarn- Fabric Fibers ● Basic unit of all textiles ● Each fiber has its own characteristics and properties depending on its source or chemical deposit ● Knowledge of fiber characteristics help you select the fiber most appropriate for end use Natural Fibers Cellulosic- made from Protein- made from plant sources animal sources
Examples- Cotton,flax (linen) Examples- Wool, silk, alpaca, ramie, jute cashmere, camel hair Cotton- most widely used natural fiber (inexpensive and strong) Linen- made from flax fiber (durable and absorbent) Ramie- aka “china grass” (strong, dries quickly) Jute- rough, coarse, natural odor- used for burlap Wool- made from the fleece of a sleep or lamb - most common protein fiber, warmest Silk- obtained by unwinding the cocoons of silkworms -strongest protein fiber, rare and expensive Fiber- Filament- Yarn- Fabric Filament ● Long, continuous strand of fiber ● Silk is the only natural fiber that is a filament ● Any manufactured fiber fiber can be made as a filament Manufactured Fibers
● Fibers not found in nature, man-made ● Primarily made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
Steps:
1- Solid raw material is change to a thick liquid
2- Liquid is forced or pushed through a spinneret
3- It hardens in the form of a fiber Manufactured Fibers
Cellulosic- made from Noncellulosic- made from plant pulp synthetic materials
Examples- acetate, rayon Example- acrylic, nylon, polyester, spandex Acetate- looks and feels luxurious and drapes well - inexpensive but weak Rayon- acts like cotton, extremely versatile -1st commercially produced manufactured fiber Acrylic- replacement for wool, fleece material -warm and lightweight Nylon- elastic but keeps it shape -strong, durable Polyester-resistant to wrinkles, stretching out of place, shrinking, bleak, sunlight, moths, and mildew Spandex-elastic like rubber made of chemicals -resistant to oil, perspiration, and abrasion Check Your Knowledge
1- What is a fiber?
2- What is a filament?
3- What is the difference between natural and manufactured fibers? Fiber- Filament- Yarn- Fabric Yarn- fibers spun together
Twist is needed to hold the fibers and filament together
Adds strength to the yarn
Types of Yarn
● Spun yarn- yarns made from short fibers ● Monofilament yarn- made from a single filament ● Multifilament yarn- made from a group of filaments Textured Yarns
Ply Yarn- twisting 2 or more single yarns together make a ply yarn
Cord Yarn- made by twisting ply yarns together
Blend- yarn made by spinning different types of fibers together into a single yarn Fiber- Filament- Yarn- Fabric Fabric- Textile product usually made by weaving or knitting yarns together
Weaving- process of interlacing Knitting- looping yarns together yarns at right angles to each other with a knitting machine to to create a woven fabric produce a fabric