DOCSLIB.ORG

Abau Grammar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abau Grammar Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages Volume 57 Abau Grammar Arnold (Arjen) Hugo Lock 2011 SIL-PNG Academic Publications Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea Papers in the series Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages express the authors’ knowledge at the time of writing. They normally do not provide a comprehensive treatment of the topic and may contain analyses which will be modified at a later stage. However, given the large number of undescribed languages in Papua New Guinea, SIL-PNG feels that it is appropriate to make these research results available at this time. René van den Berg, Series Editor Copyright © 2011 SIL-PNG Papua New Guinea [email protected] Published 2011 Printed by SIL Printing Press Ukarumpa, Eastern Highlands Province Papua New Guinea ISBN 9980 0 3614 1 Table of Contents List of maps and tables .......................................................................... ix Abbreviations ........................................................................................ xi 1. Introduction .................................................................................... 1 1.1 Location and population .......................................................... 1 1.2 Language name ....................................................................... 2 1.3 Affiliation and earlier studies................................................... 2 1.4 Dialects ................................................................................... 3 1.5 Language use and bilingualism ................................................ 7 1.6 Use of the Abau language in writing ........................................ 8 1.7 Typological overview of Abau ................................................ 8 1.8 Neighbouring languages .......................................................... 9 1.9 Abau culture.......................................................................... 12 1.10 Acknowledgements ............................................................... 14 2. Phonology ...................................................................................... 16 2.1 Consonant phonemes and allophonic variation....................... 16 2.1.1 Phonetic contoid changes .......................................... 17 2.2 Vowel phonemes and allophonic variation ............................. 17 2.3 Tone, stress and syllables ...................................................... 20 2.4 Orthography .......................................................................... 22 2.5 Word boundaries and stress ................................................... 22 2.6 Morphophonemics................................................................. 24 2.6.1 Morphophonemic changes within the verb phrase ..... 24 2.6.2 Vowel harmony ........................................................ 27 2.6.3 Vowel harmony in kinship terms ............................... 28 2.7 Reduplicated stems................................................................ 30 3. Nouns and noun phrases ............................................................... 33 3.1 Personal pronouns ................................................................. 34 3.1.1 Form ......................................................................... 34 3.1.2 Function of personal pronouns .................................. 36 3.1.3 Topicalisation of object pronouns .............................. 37 3.1.4 Pronoun modification ................................................ 38 3.2 Nouns ................................................................................... 42 3.2.1 Simple nouns ............................................................ 42 i ii 3.2.2 Compound nouns ...................................................... 44 3.2.3 Endocentric noun compounds .................................... 44 3.2.4 Exocentric noun compounds ...................................... 46 3.3 Nouns and gender .................................................................. 46 3.3.1 Specifics of gender assignment .................................. 47 3.3.2 Gender change on temporal NPs ................................. 52 3.4 Numerals ............................................................................... 53 3.4.1 Numerals and NP order .............................................. 54 3.4.2 Abau numbers above three......................................... 54 3.4.3 Abau numerals one, two and three ............................. 56 3.4.4 Non-quantifying uses of the numeral one ................... 62 3.4.5 Declining use of the numeral classifier system ........... 65 3.4.6 Relationship between the assignment of gender and numeral class of nouns .............................................. 65 3.5 Adjectives.............................................................................. 69 3.5.1 The extent of the use of adjectival constructions ........ 69 3.5.2 Similarity in distribution of the intensifier and restrictive marker within the NP ................................. 70 3.5.3 Contrast between nouns and modifiers ....................... 72 3.5.4 Modifiers functioning as adjectives, adverbs and predicates .................................................................. 73 3.5.5 Adjectival use of the manner demonstratives ............. 74 3.6 Pragmatic NP markers with and without demonstrative force .. 75 3.6.1 Non-syntactic, pragmatic NP markers without demonstrative force ................................................... 76 3.6.2 Non-syntactic, pragmatic NP markers with demonstrative force ................................................... 77 3.7 Syntactically marked NPs without demonstrative force ........... 80 3.7.1 Subject NP marker ..................................................... 81 3.7.2 Topicalisation of the subject NP marker ..................... 81 3.7.3 Object NP markers without demonstrative force ......... 82 3.7.4 Topicalisation of object NPs ....................................... 83 3.7.5 Genitive NP markers .................................................. 84 3.8 Syntactic demonstrative NP markers ....................................... 85 3.8.1 Subject demonstrative NP marker ............................... 85 3.8.2 Object demonstrative markers.................................... 87 3.8.3 The use of the genitive in NPs marked by a syntactic demonstrative ............................................................ 89 3.8.4 Overview of all syntactic NP markers ......................... 90 iii 3.9 Noun Phrases marked semantically – postpositional phrases .. 91 3.9.1 Locative .................................................................... 93 3.9.2 Exactness .................................................................. 96 3.9.3 Comitative ................................................................ 97 3.9.4 Similarity ................................................................ 100 3.9.5 Accompaniment ...................................................... 101 3.9.6 Comparative ........................................................... 102 3.9.7 Ablative .................................................................. 102 3.9.8 Topicalisation of postpositional phrases .................. 103 3.9.9 Subject demonstrative in postpositional phrases ...... 105 3.10 Noun phrase structure .......................................................... 105 3.10.1 Standard noun phrase .............................................. 107 3.10.2 Headless noun phrase .............................................. 110 3.10.3 Noun phrase with a pronoun as head ....................... 112 3.10.4 Conjoined noun phrase ............................................ 113 3.11 Zero marking on noun phrases ............................................. 114 3.11.1 Zero marking as a result of noun incorporation ........ 114 3.11.2 Fronted object NP with zero marking ....................... 117 3.11.3 Zero marking in verbless clauses or in clauses with only a stative verb ................................................... 119 3.11.4 Zero marking in constructions with senkin .............. 120 4. Verbs, verb phrases and adverbial phrases................................ 123 4.1 Verbal and adverbial constituents contrasted........................ 123 4.1.1 Determining the boundaries of the verb phrase ........ 124 4.2 Verbs .................................................................................. 126 4.2.1 Verb prefixes .......................................................... 126 4.3 The structure of the verb phrase ........................................... 135 4.3.1 Verb phrase head .................................................... 138 4.3.2 Qualifier ................................................................. 141 4.3.3 Modifiers within the verb phrase ............................. 145 4.4 Adverbial phrase ................................................................. 151 4.4.1 Adverbial modifiers ................................................ 152 4.4.2 Adverbial manner demonstrative ............................. 154 4.4.3 Adverbial causal demonstrative ............................... 157 5. Tense, Aspect and Mood ............................................................. 163 5.1 Perfective and imperfective ................................................. 163 5.1.1 Other features of the VP final intonation .................. 165 5.1.2 Post VP marking of the perfective and imperfective . 165 iv 5.2 Modal and aspect markers preceding the verb phrase ........... 166 5.2.1 Deontic modality markers kwa, kwaw and ka ..........
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PAPERS in NEW GUINEA LINGUISTICS No. 18
    PACIFIC LINGUISTICS S e.ft-<- e..6 A - No. 4 0 PAPERS IN NEW GUINEA LINGUISTICS No. 18 by R. Conrad and W. Dye N.P. Thomson L.P. Bruce, Jr. Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Conrad, R., Dye, W., Thomson, N. and Bruce Jr., L. editors. Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 18. A-40, iv + 106 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. DOI:10.15144/PL-A40.cover ©1975 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is published by the Ling ui��ic Ci�cl e 06 Canbe��a and consists of four series: SERIES A - OCCAS IONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS . EDITOR: S.A. Wurm . ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock , C.L. Voorhoeve . ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary, PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics, School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra , A.C.T. 2600. Australia . Copyright � The Authors. First published 1975 . The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series. This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. National Library of Australia Card Number and ISBN 0 85883 118 X TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SOME LANGUAGE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE UPPER SEPIK REGION OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA, by Robert Conrad and Wayne Dye 1 O. INTRODUCTION 1 1 .
    [Show full text]
  • LCSH Section K
    K., Rupert (Fictitious character) Motion of K stars in line of sight Ka-đai language USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) Radial velocity of K stars USE Kadai languages K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) — Orbits Ka’do Herdé language USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) UF Galactic orbits of K stars USE Herdé language K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) K stars—Galactic orbits Ka’do Pévé language UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) BT Orbits USE Pévé language K9 (Fictitious character) — Radial velocity Ka Dwo (Asian people) K 37 (Military aircraft) USE K stars—Motion in line of sight USE Kadu (Asian people) USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) — Spectra Ka-Ga-Nga script (May Subd Geog) K 98 k (Rifle) K Street (Sacramento, Calif.) UF Script, Ka-Ga-Nga USE Mauser K98k rifle This heading is not valid for use as a geographic BT Inscriptions, Malayan K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 subdivision. Ka-houk (Wash.) USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 BT Streets—California USE Ozette Lake (Wash.) K.A. Lind Honorary Award K-T boundary Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary UF Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) K.A. Linds hederspris K-T Extinction Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction BT National parks and reserves—Hawaii K-ABC (Intelligence test) K-T Mass Extinction Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-B Bridge (Palau) K-TEA (Achievement test) Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-BIT (Intelligence test) K-theory Ka-ju-ken-bo USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test [QA612.33] USE Kajukenbo K.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of the Least Documented Language Families in the World
    Vol. 4 (2010), pp. 177-212 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4478 The status of the least documented language families in the world Harald Hammarström Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig This paper aims to list all known language families that are not yet extinct and all of whose member languages are very poorly documented, i.e., less than a sketch grammar’s worth of data has been collected. It explains what constitutes a valid family, what amount and kinds of documentary data are sufficient, when a language is considered extinct, and more. It is hoped that the survey will be useful in setting priorities for documenta- tion fieldwork, in particular for those documentation efforts whose underlying goal is to understand linguistic diversity. 1. InTroducTIon. There are several legitimate reasons for pursuing language documen- tation (cf. Krauss 2007 for a fuller discussion).1 Perhaps the most important reason is for the benefit of the speaker community itself (see Voort 2007 for some clear examples). Another reason is that it contributes to linguistic theory: if we understand the limits and distribution of diversity of the world’s languages, we can formulate and provide evidence for statements about the nature of language (Brenzinger 2007; Hyman 2003; Evans 2009; Harrison 2007). From the latter perspective, it is especially interesting to document lan- guages that are the most divergent from ones that are well-documented—in other words, those that belong to unrelated families. I have conducted a survey of the documentation of the language families of the world, and in this paper, I will list the least-documented ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Material Culture Distributions in the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea
    Gender, mobility and population history: exploring material culture distributions in the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea by Andrew Fyfe, BA (Hons) Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Discipline of Geographical and Environmental Studies The University of Adelaide November 2008 …..These practices, then, and others which I will speak of later, were borrowed by the Greeks from Egypt. This is not the case, however, with the Greek custom of making images of Hermes with the phallus erect; it was the Athenians who took this from the Pelasgians, and from the Athenians the custom spread to the rest of Greece. For just at the time when the Athenians were assuming Hellenic nationality, the Pelasgians joined them, and thus first came to be regarded as Greeks. Anyone will know what I mean if he is familiar with the mysteries of the Cabiri-rites which the men of Samothrace learned from the Pelasgians, who lived in that island before they moved to Attica, and communicated the mysteries to the Athenians. This will show that the Athenians were the first Greeks to make statues of Hermes with the erect phallus, and that they learned the practice from the Pelasgians…… Herodotus c.430 BC ii Table of contents Acknowledgements vii List of figures viii List of tables xi List of Appendices xii Abstract xiv Declaration xvi Section One 1. Introduction 2 1.1 The Upper Sepik-Central New Guinea Project 2 1.2 Lapita and the exploration of relationships between language and culture in Melanesia 3 1.3 The quantification of relationships between material culture and language on New Guinea’s north coast 6 1.4 Thesis objectives 9 2.
    [Show full text]
  • 0=AFRICAN Geosector
    2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 123 2=AUSTRALASIA geosector édition princeps foundation edition DU RÉPERTOIRE DE LA LINGUASPHÈRE 1999-2000 THE LINGUASPHERE REGISTER 1999-2000 publiée en ligne et mise à jour dès novembre 2012 published online & updated from November 2012 This geosector covers 223 sets of languages (1167 outer languages, composed of 2258 inner languages) spoken or formerly spoken by communities in Australasia in a geographic sequence from Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands through New Guinea and its adjacent islands, and throughout the Australian mainland to Tasmania. They comprise all languages of Australasia (Oceania) not covered by phylosectors 3=Austronesian or 5=Indo-European. Zones 20= to 24= cover all so-called "Papuan" languages, spoken on Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands and the New Guinea mainland, which have been previously treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 20= ARAFURA geozone 21= MAMBERAMO geozone 22= MANDANGIC phylozone 23= OWALAMIC phylozone 24= TRANSIRIANIC phylozone Zones 25= to 27= cover all other so-called "Papuan" languages, on the New Guinea mainland, Bismarck archipelago, New Britain, New Ireland and Solomon islands, which have not been treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 25= CENDRAWASIH geozone 26= SEPIK-VALLEY geozone 27= BISMARCK-SEA geozone Zones 28= to 29= cover all languages spoken traditionally across the Australian mainland, on the offshore Elcho, Howard, Crocodile and Torres Strait islands (excluding Darnley island), and formerly on the island of Tasmania. An "Australian" hypothesis covers all these languages, excluding the extinct and little known languages of Tasmania, comprising (1.) an area of more diffuse and complex relationships in the extreme north, covered here by geozone 28=, and (2.) a more closely related affinity (Pama+ Nyungan) throughout the rest of Australia, covered by 24 of the 25 sets of phylozone 29=.
    [Show full text]
  • The Languages of Melanesia: Quantifying the Level of Coverage
    Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 5 (December 2012) Melanesian Languages on the Edge of Asia: Challenges for the 21st Century, ed. by Nicholas Evans and Marian Klamer, pp. 13–33 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/sp05/ 2 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4559 The languages of Melanesia: Quantifying the level of coverage Harald Hammarström Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthopology Sebastian Nordhoff Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthopology The present paper assesses the state of grammatical description of the languages of the Melanesian region based on database of semi- automatically annotated aggregated bibliographical references. 150 years of language description in Melanesia has produced at least some grammatical information for almost half of the languages of Melanesia, almost evenly spread among coastal/non-coastal, Austronesian/non- Austronesian and isolates/large families. Nevertheless, only 15.4% of these languages have a grammar and another 18.7% have a grammar sketch. Compared to Eurasia, Africa and the Americas, the Papua- Austronesian region is the region with the largest number of poorly documented languages and the largest proportion of poorly documented languages. We conclude with some dicussion and remarks on the documentational challenge and its future prospects. 1. INTRODUCTION. We will take Melanesia to be the sub-region of Oceania extending from the Arafura Sea and Western Pacific in the west to Fiji in the east – see the map in figure 1.1 This region is home to no fewer than 1347 (1315 living + 32 recently extinct) attested indigenous languages as per the language/dialect divisions of Lewis (2009), with small adjustments and adding attested extinct languages given in table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Style and Meaning Anthropology’S Engagement with Art Has a Complex and Uneven History
    NICHOLAS THOMAS THOMAS NICHOLAS & CLARK ALISON style and meaning Anthropology’s engagement with art has a complex and uneven history. While style and material culture, ‘decorative art’, and art styles were of major significance for ( founding figures such as Alfred Haddon and Franz Boas, art became marginal as the EDS meaning discipline turned towards social analysis in the 1920s. This book addresses a major ) moment of renewal in the anthropology of art in the 1960s and 1970s. British Essays on the anthropologist Anthony Forge (1929-1991), trained in Cambridge, undertook fieldwork among the Abelam of Papua New Guinea in the late 1950s and 1960s, anthropology of art and wrote influentially, especially about issues of style and meaning in art. His powerful, question-raising arguments addressed basic issues, asking why so much art was produced in some regions, and why was it so socially important? style ANTHONY FORGE meaning Fifty years later, art has renewed global significance, and anthropologists are again considering both its local expressions among Indigenous peoples and its new global circulation. In this context, Forge’s arguments have renewed relevance: they help and edited by scholars and students understand the genealogies of current debates, and remind us of fundamental questions that remain unanswered. ALISON CLARK & NICHOLAS THOMAS This volume brings together Forge’s most important writings on the anthropology anthropology of art Essays on the of art, published over a thirty year period, together with six assessments of his legacy, including extended reappraisals of Sepik ethnography, by distinguished anthropologists from Australia, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom Anthony Forge was born in London in 1929.
    [Show full text]
  • Mato Grammar Sketch
    Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages Volume 59 Mato Grammar Sketch Scot F. Stober 2013 SIL-PNG Academic Publications Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea Papers in the series Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages express the authors’ knowledge at the time of writing. They normally do not provide a comprehensive treatment of the topic and may contain analyses which will be modified at a later stage. However, given the large number of undescribed languages in Papua New Guinea, SIL-PNG feels that it is appropriate to make these research results available at this time. René van den Berg, Series Editor Copyright © 2013 SIL-PNG Papua New Guinea [email protected] Published 2013 Printed by SIL Printing Press Ukarumpa, Eastern Highlands Province Papua New Guinea ISBN 9980 0 3877 2 Table of Contents Maps, tables and figures ............................................................................ vii Abbreviations ............................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... xi 1. Introduction .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Location ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Name .............................................................................................. 1 1.3 Economy ........................................................................................ 4 1.4 Transportation
    [Show full text]
  • Language Teacher Guide 2015
    Language Teacher Guide 2015 Standard Based Elementary Two Language Teacher Guide 2015 Elementary Two Standard Based Issued free to schools by the Department of Education Published in 2015 by the Department of Education, Papua New Guinea. First Edition © Copyright 2014, Department of Education, Papua New Guinea All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be recorded, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Graphic Design Layout by David Kuki Gerega ISBN 978-998080-87-896-0 Acknowledgements The Elementary Two Language Teacher Guide was developed by the Curriculum Development Division of the Department of Education and coordinated by Philippa Anskar Darius with assistance from the Subject Curriculum Group, (SCG) members. Teachers College and Universities Lecturers, Teachers, Standards Officers and other stake holders such as Non Government Organisation, (NGO) and Churches are acknowledge for their contributions. Syllabus Advice Committee, (SAC) and Basic Education Board of Studies, (BEBOS) Committee members are acknowledged for their recommendation and endorsement of this Syllabus. Special acknowledgement to Summer Institute of Linguistic (SIL) Ukarumpa and Voluntary Service Organisation (VSO) for their writing and editorial support. The document was funded by the Australian Aid through Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, (DFAT) and Government of Papua New Guinea. CONTENTS Secretary’s Message iv Introduction 1 Key Features 3 Teaching and Learning 4 Content Overview 5 Planning and Programming 13 Assessment, Recording and Reporting 36 Glossary 45 Resources 46 References 47 Appendix 48 E2 LANGUAGE TEACHER GUIDE 2015 iii SECRETARy’S MESSAGE This Teacher’s Guide is intended for Elementary Two teachers in Papua New Guinea Schools.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Linguistic Typology
    An Introduction to Linguistic Typology An Introduction to Linguistic Typology Viveka Velupillai University of Giessen John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data An introduction to linguistic typology / Viveka Velupillai. â. p cm. â Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Typology (Linguistics) 2. Linguistic universals. I. Title. P204.V45 â 2012 415--dc23 2012020909 isbn 978 90 272 1198 9 (Hb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 1199 6 (Pb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 7350 5 (Eb) © 2012 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Company • P.O. Box 36224 • 1020 me Amsterdam • The Netherlands John Benjamins North America • P.O. Box 27519 • Philadelphia PA 19118-0519 • USA V. Velupillai: Introduction to Typology NON-PUBLIC VERSION: PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR DISSEMINATE!! ForFor AlTô VelaVela anchoranchor and and inspiration inspiration 2 Table of contents Acknowledgements xv Abbreviations xvii Abbreviations for sign language names xx Database acronyms xxi Languages cited in chapter 1 xxii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Fast forward from the past to the present 1 1.2 The purpose of this book 3 1.3 Conventions 5 1.3.1 Some remarks on the languages cited in this book 5 1.3.2 Some remarks on the examples in this book 8 1.4 The structure of this book 10 1.5 Keywords 12 1.6 Exercises 12 Languages cited in chapter 2 14 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Kwomtari Survey
    KWOMTARI SURVEY W. BARON 1983 SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS UKARUMPA PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1 Table of Contents Preamble.................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 3 THE DATA ................................................................................................................. 4 THE LEXICAL BASE. ............................................................................................. 4 Dialect differences over the first fifty lexical items................................................... 9 COGNATE PERCENTAGE MATRIX ................................................................. 11 NOUN-NOUN RELATIONSHIPS.......................................................................... 11 POSSESSION................................................................................................... 11 CHARACTERISATION ..................................................................................... 12 HABITUAL LOCATION ................................................................................... 13 SIMPLE NOMINAL PHRASE STRUCTURE ........................................................ 14 ADJECTIVE/NOUN........................................................................................... 14 CASE SUFFIXATION ........................................................................................... 14 OBJECT...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Papers on Six Languages of Papua New Guinea
    Papers on six languages of Papua New Guinea Pacific Linguistics 616 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the School of Culture, History and Language in the College of Asia and the Pacific at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: I Wayan Arka and Malcolm Ross (Managing Editors), Mark Donohue, Nicholas Evans, David Nash, Andrew Pawley, Paul Sidwell, Jane Simpson, and Darrell Tryon EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Karen Adams, Arizona State University Marian Klamer, Universiteit Leiden Alexander Adelaar, University of Melbourne Harold Koch, The Australian National Peter Austin, School of Oriental and African University Studies Frantisek Lichtenberk, University of Byron Bender, University of Hawai‘i Auckland Walter Bisang, Johannes Gutenberg- John Lynch, University of the South Pacific Universität Mainz Patrick McConvell, Australian Institute of Robert Blust, University of Hawai‘i Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander David Bradley, La Trobe University Studies Lyle Campbell, University of Utah William McGregor, Aarhus Universitet James Collins, Universiti Kebangsaan Ulrike Mosel, Christian-Albrechts- Malaysia Universität zu Kiel Bernard Comrie, Max Planck Institute for Claire Moyse-Faurie, Centre National de la Evolutionary Anthropology Recherche Scientifique Matthew Dryer, State University of New York Bernd Nothofer, Johann Wolfgang Goethe- at Buffalo Universität Frankfurt am Main Jerold A.
    [Show full text]