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Aspects of Language Change in Iu Mien and Their Implication for Language Maintenance: a Case Study of the Iu Mien Students’ Story Writing Workshop1
Volume 3 Number 1, January-June 2015 Aspects of Language Change in Iu Mien and Their Implication for Language Maintenance: A Case Study of the Iu Mien Students’ Story Writing Workshop1 T. Daniel Arisawa The Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, Thailand. ABSTRACT reveals their unfamiliarity with the This paper discusses some treatment of the tone sandhi, the low aspects of language change rise falling tone, and legitimate Thai happening in Iu Mien in Thailand. tone rules. Besides the phonology and The changes were found in the Iu orthography, the proofreading and Mien stories written by the students revision process of the book by seven of Chiang Rai Rajabhat University mature speakers of Iu Mien (in their 40‟ 70‟ and others who attended the Story s to s) has revealed that Writers Workshop organized by the language change is underway among Linguistics Institute, Payap Univer- the young generation through contact sity, Chiang Mai. Nine stories, with Standard Thai. The aspects of including legends and newly written shift include wrong lexical choice ones, were compiled into a 46 page due to lack of cultural knowledge, book. It was a significant phrase level word order change, achievement in that it was the first unnaturalness and wrong colloquia- attempt by the Iu Mien at the lism, unnecessary insertion of university level to document tradi- complement clause introducer k‟ tional legends and to write stories of (gorngv „spea ), lack/redundancy of their own creation. discourse particles, and distortion of As such, their use of Thai- narrative formulaic expression. The based Iu Mien orthography therein original and correct forms of these grammatical and usage changes are 1I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. -
An Outline of the Structure of the Akha Language1 (Part 1)
Tonan Ajia Kenkyu (The Southeast Asian Studies) Vol. 8, No.1 June, 1970 1 An Outline of the Structure of the Akha Language ) (Part 1) --Introduction and Phonemics-- by Makio KATSURA* Introduction: Akhas and their Language The Akhas call themselves"Akha" (/'laka/), while other ethnic groups call them by different names. Generally the Shans both in Burma and in Thailand use the name "Kaw" (/k;);)/), and the Northern Thais, "E-kaw" (/'liik;);)/). The prefix /'lii-/ in l1iik;)JI might be the same as Ilii-I, which is often prefixed to nouns and denotes "female," such as /'liinii/, /'liinan/, /'liimtew/, etc. This is perhaps because of the eye-striking appearance of the Akha women. "Kha Kaw" C/khaa kJ;)/) is mostly used by the Laotians or the inhabitants of Laos, but the /khaa-/ is very often prefixed to the names of the minority peoples regardless of their geneological relations. The Thai Lus often call the Akhas "Kaw Ho Laem" Uk;);) hoo Ih:m/), which means "Akhas with pointed head," due to the shape of the head-dress of the Akha women. The name "O-ni" or "Wo-ni" used by the Chinese includes not only the Akhas but also many peoples belonging to the Burmese-Loloish Group.2l These names used by other peoples * {i TIIiU;ffi-~~ 1) This is a part of the report of the author's field work on the Akha language conducted in Northern Thailand in 1964-1965 under the sponsorship of the National Research Council of Thai land and the Center for Southeast Asian Studies of Kyoto University. -
547 References
Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages Nugteren, H. Citation Nugteren, H. (2011, December 7). Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages. LOT dissertation series. Utrecht : LOT, Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18188 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18188 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). REFERENCES Apatóczky, Ákos Bertalan. 2009. Dialectal traces in Beilu Yiyu. V. Rybatzki & A. Pozzi & P. W, Geier & J. R. Krueger (eds.). The Early Mongols: Language, Culture and History. Tümen tümen nasulatuɣai. Studies in Honor of Igor de Rachewiltz on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday. 9-20. Bloomington. Binnick, Robert I. 1987. On the classification of the Mongolian languages. CAJ 31. 178-195. Bökh, & Chén Năixióng. 1981. Tóngrén Băo‟ānhuà gàiyào [Outline of the vernacular of Tongren Bao‟an]. Mínzú Yŭwén 1981:2. 61-75. Peking. Bökh & Čoyiǰungǰab. 1985 [1986]. Düngsiyang kele ba Mongɣol kele / Dōngxiāngyŭ hé Mĕnggŭyŭ [Dongxiang and Mongolian]. Hohhot. Bökh & Liú Zhàoxióng. 1982. Băo’ānyŭ jiănzhì [Concise grammar of Bao‟an]. Peking. Bökh, et al. 1983. Düngsiyang kelen-ü üges / Dōngxiāngyŭ cíhuì [Vocabulary of Dongxiang]. Hohhot. Bolčuluu & Jalsan. 1988. Jegün Yuɣur kelen-ü kelelge-yin matèriyal / Dōngbù Yùgùyŭ huàyŭ cáiliào [Materials of Eastern Yugur spoken language]. Hohhot. Bolčuluu, et al. 1984 [1985]. Jegün Yuɣur kelen-ü üges / Dōngbù Yùgùyŭ cíhuì [Vocabulary of Eastern Yugur]. Hohhot. Bolčuluu & Jalsan. 1990 [1991]. Jegün Yuɣur kele ba Mongɣol kele / Dōngbù Yùgùyŭ hé Mĕnggŭyŭ [Eastern Yugur and Mongolian]. -
Hill Tribes Phrasebook & Dictionary 4 Preview
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................ 7 Hill Tribes of SE Asia Map .......8 Vietnam & Laos .......................10 Local Names of the Five Myanmar (Burma) ................. 10 Largest Groups ...................9 Thailand .................................... 10 China .............................................9 The Languages .......................14 LAHU ...................................................................... 17 Culture, Subgroups Sounds....................................... 21 & Locations ........................17 The Language .........................24 Lahu Language Map ............ 18 Words & Phrases .................... 26 AKHA ...................................................................... 41 Culture, Subgroups Sounds....................................... 50 & Locations ........................41 The Language .........................52 Akha Language Map ............ 42 Words & Phrases .................... 55 LISU ........................................................................ 75 Culture & Locations .............. 75 The Language .........................81 Lisu Language Map .............. 76 Words & Phrases .................... 84 Sounds....................................... 79 MONG ..................................................................... 99 Culture, Subgroups Sounds.....................................104 & Locations ........................99 The Language .......................108 Mong Language Map.........100 Words & Phrases ..................111 -
Development of Basic Literacy Learning Materials for Minority Peoples in Asia and the Pacific
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 377 740 FL 800 845 TITLE Development of basic Literacy Learning Materials for Minority Peoples in Asia and the Pacific. Final Report of the Second Sub-Regional Workshop (Chiang Rai, Thailand, February 22-March 5, 1994). INSTITUTION Asian Cultural Centre for UNESCO, Tokyo (Japan).; Ministry of Education, Bangkok (Thailand).; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. PUB DATE Mar 94 NOTE 142p.; Illustrations contain small and broken print. PUB TYPE Collected Works Conference Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PCO6 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Classroom Techniques; *Educational Needs; Foreign Countries; *Indigenous Populations; Instructional Effectiveness; *Instructional Materials; *Literacy Education; *Material Development; *Minority Groups; Teaching Methods; Uncommonly Taught Languages; Workshops IDENTIFIERS *Asia; Burma; China; Indonesia; Laos; Malaysia; Mongolia; Philippines; Thailand; Vietnam ABSTaACT A report of a regional workshop on development of instructional materials for basic literacy education of minority groups in Asia and the Pacific is presented.Countries represented include: China; Indonesia; Laos; Malaysia; Mongolia; Myanmar (Burma); Philippines; Vietnam; and Thailand. The workshop's objectives were to discuss the need for effective literacy learning materials, develop guidelines for preparing effective basic literacy learning materials for minority language populations, and suggest methods for their use. The report begins with an overview of the proceedings and resulting recommendations. Subsequent chapters summarize: needs and problems in education of minority populations; guidelines for preparation of effective basic literacy learning materials; studies of specific language groups; resource papers on Thai hill tribes and development of basic literacy materials in minority languages; a report from UNESCO and its Asian/Pacific Cultural Center; nine country reports; and national followup plans. -
Suford Niko Kaj 1
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Forestry Sustainable Forestry for Rural Development Project ‐ Additional Financing (SUFORD ‐ AF) Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Ethnic Groups in SUFORD AF Production Forest Areas: A Rapid Assessment Nikolas Århem 2010 2 CONTENTS Abbreviations 4 Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction____________________________________________________________ 9 1.1. Background 9 1.2. Terminology 9 1.2.1. Indigenous or ethnic group 9 1.2.2. Lao Lum, Lao Theung, Lao Sung 10 1.2.3. Shifting cultivation 10 1.2.4. Resettlement or spontaneous migration 11 1.3. What is Traditional Ecological Knowledge 11 1.3.1. Indigenous “technology”, land use and settlement patterns 12 1.3.2. Indigenous taboos and regulations 13 1.3.3. Indigenous knowledge regarding plants and animals 13 1.4. Objectives 14 2. Methodology___________________________________________________________15 2.1. Study Site Selection 15 2.2. Field Methods 19 2.2.1. Interviews and questionnaires 19 2.2.2. Community mapping 20 Part One: RESULTS 3. Village Profiles 22 3.1. Xayabouli Province 22 3.2. Vientiane and Bolikhamxay Provinces 27 3.2.1. Vientiane 27 3.2.2. Bolikhamxay 28 3.3. Attapeu and Xekong Provinces 31 3.3.1. Attapeu province 31 3.3.2. Xekong province 32 3.4. Comparative Observations 39 3.4.1. Villages in northern/central provinces 39 3.4.2. Villages in southern provinces 42 4. Local Forest Managment and Traditional Ecological Knowledge 44 4.1. Shifting Cultivation 44 4.2. Some Notes on Landscape Terminology in Kaleum 47 4.3. Sacred Forests 49 4.4. -
Operation China
Iu Mien, Luoxiang May 14 Location: Approximately 3,900 Luoxiang Iu History: The Iu Mien and Kim Mun were the HUNAN Mien people live in the Dayaoshan (Big Yao last two groups to migrate into the Dayao GUIZHOU Mountains) of the Jinxiu Yao Autonomous Mountains. They found the best land was Libo • •Guilin County within the Guangxi Zhuang already taken by the Ao Biao and the • Rongshui Autonomous Region in southern China. Lakkia. The Iu Mien struggled in extremely Liuzhou • •Jinxiu Jinxiu is one of the most fascinating areas harsh conditions for many years, were GUANGXI Scale in all of China for anthropologists and forbidden to own land, and forced to live in 0 KM 160 linguists. Five distinct Yao subgroups, each bamboo sheds while rendering manual 2 Population in China: speaking a different language, live in a labor to the original inhabitants. Another 3,000 (1990) small area. source states the Iu Mien “came to the 3,870 (2000) 4,990 (2010) Dayaoshan Mountains rather late and found Location: Guangxi Identity: The Luoxiang Iu Mien are part of no space for settlement in the wooded hills Religion: Polytheism the Yao nationality in China. The Chinese or river valleys suitable for farming. So they Christians: 15 call them Pan Yao, meaning “Yao who had to live in scattered mountain villages at worship Pan.” The other Yao groups in a high altitude. Earlier, they did not even Jinxiu County are the Kiong Nai, Lakkia, Ao have a fixed place to live in and, like Overview of the Biao, and Kim Mun. -
Hmong-Mien Languages - Linguistics - Oxford Bibliographies
Hmong-Mien Languages - Linguistics - Oxford Bibliographies http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-97801997... Hmong-Mien Languages David Mortensen LAST MODIFIED: 13 JANUARY 2014 DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199772810-0173 Introduction Hmong-Mien is a compact language family of East and Southeast Asia. Its speakers are found primarily in southern China and the northern highlands of Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar (Burma). Most speakers of Hmong-Mien languages belong to the so-called Miao and Yao ethnicities (or nationalities). Due to geopolitical circumstances, many speakers of two Hmong-Mien languages from Laos—Hmong and Iu Mien—emigrated to Western countries (the United States, Canada, Australia, Argentina, France, French Guyana, and Germany) between 1970 and 1998, leading to the current worldwide distribution of this language family. Hmong-Mien has two primary branches: Hmongic and Mienic. Hmongic is larger (in terms of number of speakers) and has greater internal diversity. It has also been the focus of more efforts at documentation. As a result, more literature is available on Hmongic languages than Mienic languages. This bibliography represents an attempt to include as many resources on Mienic as possible but nevertheless reflects this fundamental imbalance in sources. General Overviews There are several useful overviews of Hmong-Mien languages, all of which are either lamentably brief or not available in English. An early overview that still may be useful is given in Strecker 1987. Hmong-Mien studies have developed considerably since this article was published, particularly with regard to the classification of Ho Ne (Ho Nte or She), but Strecker 1987 still provides a useful guide to the terminology used for major language varieties in Hmong-Mien. -
LAO PDR Indigenous Peoples' Movements As a Platform for Solidarity and Cooperation
AIPP at a glance The Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP) is a regional organization founded in 1988 by LAO PDR indigenous peoples' movements as a platform for solidarity and cooperation. AIPP is actively promoting and defending indigenous peoples' rights and human rights, sustainable develop- Indigenous Peoples in ASEAN ment and management of resources and environment protection. Through the year, AIPP has developed its expertise on grassroots capacity building, advocacy and networking from local to global levels and strengthening partnerships with indigenous organizations, support NGOs, UN agencies and other institutions. At present, AIPP has 47 members from 14 countries in Asia with 7 indigenous peoples' national alliances/ networks and 35 local and sub-national organizations including 16 are ethnic-based organizations, five (5) indigenous women and four (4) are indigenous youth organizations.. Through our Indigenous Women (IW) programme, AIPP aims to empower indigenous women through networking, education and capacity building activities with the overall goal for indigenous women to assert, promote and protect their rights as women and as indigenous peoples. Our Vision Indigenous peoples in Asia are fully exercising their rights, distinct cultures and identities, are living with dignity, and enhancing their sustainable management systems on lands, territories and resources for their own future and development in an environment of peace, justice and equality. Our Mission AIPP strengthens the solidarity, cooperation and capacities of indigenous peoples in Asia to promote and protect their rights, cultures and identities, and their sustainable resource management systems for their development and self-determination. AIPP Programmes Our main areas of work among the different programmes are information dissemination, awareness raising, capacity building, advocacy and networking from local to global. -
EGDF) (04 November 2018)
Annex 7: Ethnic Groups Development Framework (EGDF) (04 November 2018) LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC PEACE INDEPENDENCE DEMOCRACY UNITY PROSPERITY Ministry of Public Works and Transport Department of Water Supply Draft Ethnic Groups Development Framework (EGDF) Water Supply and Sanitation Project (WSSP) 2 Vientiane, 03 November 2018 3 Abbreviations and Acronyms ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement LAR Land acquisition and resettlement Action Plan DEPD/PT Division of Environmental LACR Land acquisition and compensation I and Disaster Protection of report PTI Detail Measurement LFNC Lao Front for National Construction DMS Survey DoR Department of Road LWU Lao Women Union DONRE District Office of Natural MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Resources and Environment Environment District Resettlement MPWT Ministry of Public Works and DRC Committee Transport DPWT Provincial Department of OP/BP Operation Policy/Bank Procedure Public Works and Transport EIA Environmental Impact PRC Provincial Resettlement Committee Assessment EG Ethic Groups PTI Public Works and Transport Institute EGDF Ethnic Groups RAP Resettlement Action Plan Development Framework EGDP Ethic Groups RMF Road Maintenance Fund Development Plan RMD Road Maintenance Division ESMF Environmental and So RoW Right of ways Management Framework Free, prior, and inform RPF Resettlement Policy Framework FPIC consultation GoL Government of Laos SA Social Assessment GRC Grievance Redress Committee SIA Social Impacts Assessment GRM Grievance Redress VRC Village Resettlement Committee Mechanism -
Languages of Southeast Asia
Jiarong Horpa Zhaba Amdo Tibetan Guiqiong Queyu Horpa Wu Chinese Central Tibetan Khams Tibetan Muya Huizhou Chinese Eastern Xiangxi Miao Yidu LuobaLanguages of Southeast Asia Northern Tujia Bogaer Luoba Ersu Yidu Luoba Tibetan Mandarin Chinese Digaro-Mishmi Northern Pumi Yidu LuobaDarang Deng Namuyi Bogaer Luoba Geman Deng Shixing Hmong Njua Eastern Xiangxi Miao Tibetan Idu-Mishmi Idu-Mishmi Nuosu Tibetan Tshangla Hmong Njua Miju-Mishmi Drung Tawan Monba Wunai Bunu Adi Khamti Southern Pumi Large Flowery Miao Dzongkha Kurtokha Dzalakha Phake Wunai Bunu Ta w an g M o np a Gelao Wunai Bunu Gan Chinese Bumthangkha Lama Nung Wusa Nasu Wunai Bunu Norra Wusa Nasu Xiang Chinese Chug Nung Wunai Bunu Chocangacakha Dakpakha Khamti Min Bei Chinese Nupbikha Lish Kachari Ta se N a ga Naxi Hmong Njua Brokpake Nisi Khamti Nung Large Flowery Miao Nyenkha Chalikha Sartang Lisu Nung Lisu Southern Pumi Kalaktang Monpa Apatani Khamti Ta se N a ga Wusa Nasu Adap Tshangla Nocte Naga Ayi Nung Khengkha Rawang Gongduk Tshangla Sherdukpen Nocte Naga Lisu Large Flowery Miao Northern Dong Khamti Lipo Wusa NasuWhite Miao Nepali Nepali Lhao Vo Deori Luopohe Miao Ge Southern Pumi White Miao Nepali Konyak Naga Nusu Gelao GelaoNorthern Guiyang MiaoLuopohe Miao Bodo Kachari White Miao Khamti Lipo Lipo Northern Qiandong Miao White Miao Gelao Hmong Njua Eastern Qiandong Miao Phom Naga Khamti Zauzou Lipo Large Flowery Miao Ge Northern Rengma Naga Chang Naga Wusa Nasu Wunai Bunu Assamese Southern Guiyang Miao Southern Rengma Naga Khamti Ta i N u a Wusa Nasu Northern Huishui -
Introduce : Akha in Thailand
Introduce : Akha in Thailand This article comes from the book- “study and the culture of Akha in Chiangrai: 8 groups of Akha tribe – 2003. Akha is the name of the people of a hilltribe that have their own language, beliefs, clothes and way of living. The 8 groups have basic similarities but some even have a different language; like the Ulow Akha and the Aker Akha, who do not understand each other. The 8 Akha groups of Thailand are: 1.Uloh Akha The Uloh Akha is a Thai Akha. This group was the first to move to the north of Thailand and stay, moving to DoiTung, Maefahluang. This group is very big and is mostly in Chiangrai, also moving to Chiangmai. The government gives 2 Thai Akhas the opportunity to develop their village; the Akha village at DoiSanjai, Maefahluang and the Akha village at Doisangow Chinagsan district. Chiangrai. 'Uloh' means a sharp hat, with the 'U' from Udoo meaning a sharp, high circle. The name is given to the Akha by the hat that they wear and this is a prominent group for their hats. The Thai Akha are a large number in Thailand with around 32,500 people spreading around the 5 provinces of Chiangrai, Chiangmai,Lamphang, Prae and Tak in the north of Thailand. Some of these people retain their traditional beliefs, respecting their ancestor spirits and others changed to buddism, Christianity and Islam. Sanjaroengao has the largest population of Akha people. The Uloh Akha language has become the standard between Akha people and is used to communicate between different groups.