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Development of Basic Literacy Learning Materials for Minority Peoples in Asia and the Pacific

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 377 740 FL 800 845 TITLE Development of basic Literacy Learning Materials for Minority Peoples in Asia and the Pacific. Final Report of the Second Sub-Regional Workshop (Chiang Rai, Thailand, February 22-March 5, 1994). INSTITUTION Asian Cultural Centre for UNESCO, Tokyo (Japan).; Ministry of Education, Bangkok (Thailand).; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. PUB DATE Mar 94 NOTE 142p.; Illustrations contain small and broken print. PUB TYPE Collected Works Conference Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PCO6 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Classroom Techniques; *Educational Needs; Foreign Countries; *Indigenous Populations; Instructional Effectiveness; *Instructional Materials; *Literacy Education; *Material Development; *Minority Groups; Teaching Methods; Uncommonly Taught Languages; Workshops IDENTIFIERS *Asia; Burma; China; Indonesia; Laos; Malaysia; Mongolia; Philippines; Thailand; Vietnam ABSTaACT A report of a regional workshop on development of instructional materials for basic literacy education of minority groups in Asia and the Pacific is presented.Countries represented include: China; Indonesia; Laos; Malaysia; Mongolia; Myanmar (Burma); Philippines; Vietnam; and Thailand. The workshop's objectives were to discuss the need for effective literacy learning materials, develop guidelines for preparing effective basic literacy learning materials for minority language populations, and suggest methods for their use. The report begins with an overview of the proceedings and resulting recommendations. Subsequent chapters summarize: needs and problems in education of minority populations; guidelines for preparation of effective basic literacy learning materials; studies of specific language groups; resource papers on Thai hill tribes and development of basic literacy materials in minority languages; a report from UNESCO and its Asian/Pacific Cultural Center; nine country reports; and national followup plans. Appended materials include general workshop information, a list of participants and organizers, workshop schedule, background information on Thai hill tribe villages, and the text of the workshop's keynote address. (MSE)(Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse on Literacy Education) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Development of Basic Literacy 0 Learning Materials for Minority Peoples in Asia and the Pacific Final Report of the Second Sub-Regional Workshop Chiang Rai, Thailand, 22 February 5 March 1994 Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU), Tokyo Department of Non-Formal Education, Ministryof Education, Thailand UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and thePacific (PROAP) Of EDUCATION U $ DEPARTMENTResearch end implovemenl Office ot Educationet "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ) /0 co operation with MATERIAL HAS BEENGRANTED BY CENTEERIC doCument hes beenreproduced es Thailand National Commission for UNESCO received Iron, the personor orpenizetion onginattng Japanose National Commission for lJNESCO have been mad* totrnpiove 0 Motor changes tiara:Inchon Quaid,/ Development of Basic Literacy Learning Materials for Minority Peoples in Asia and the Pacific Final Report of the Second Sub-Regional Workshop Chiang Rai, Thailand, 22 February 5 March 1994 Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU), Tokyo Department of Non-Formal Education, Ministry of Education,Thailand UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific(PROAP) in co-operation with Thailand National Commission for UNESCO Japanese National Commission for UNESCO ( published by Asia / Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU). Tokyo No.6, Fukuromachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162, Japan phone: (81-3) 3269-4435 fax: (81-3) 3268-4510 © Asia /Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO 1994 printed in Japan 4 Second Sub-Regional Workshop inChiang Rai ft h1111111 tiolidopUnti.tie% ctispitipt ot I SIiAIM 111111 I f kt 11.411.41186111f , Itig .t torpOirc tz tttt IC t 1- Preface The people in most need of basic literacy learning materials are those who are disadvantaged, such as minority peoples, women, street children, school drop-outs, and slum dwellers, asstressed at the World Conference on Education for All in Jomtien in 1990. Furthermore, 1993 was proclaimed "International Year for the World's Indigenous Peoples" by the United Nations. With these as a background, Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU), jointly with the Non-Formal Education Department, Ministry of Education, Thailand and UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (PROAP), organized the Second Sub-Regional Workshop on the Development of Basic Literacy Learning Materials for Minority Peoples in Asia and the Pacific in Chiang Rai, Thailand from 22 February to 5 March 1994, funded by the Japanese Funds-in-Trust for the Promotion of Literacy in Asia and the Pacific of the UNESCO PROAP under APPEAL. Sixteen participants from nine countries of South-east Asia actively took part in the Workshop and three resource persons were invited from India, New Zealand and Thailand. TheWorkshop aimed to improve and develop basic literacy materials for people whose mother tongue is not the national language. This Workshop was the second in a series of sub-regional workshops on the development of basic literacy learning materials, the first having held in Calcutta, India in 1992. It was also the first of its kind held at this level focusing on the development of materials particularly for minority peoples. Several points were raised in the Workshop as to why separate materials are necessary for minority peoples, which included: 1) the need for programmes and special materials for national integration, 2) the need to use language and methods which give them a sense of their own identity and pride, 3) consider- ations as to whether they use indigenous script, national script, no script at all, etc. The participants prepared guidelines on the development of effective basic literacy materials for mi- nority peoples based on tne experiences of respective countries. Though it is still a draft, it will be further improved by ACCU with the co-operation of UNESCO and experts of the Member States. We should like to express our deep gi,:.itude to all those involved in the Workshop, particularly, the Non-Formal Education Department of Ministry of Education of Thailand, UNESCO and the Japanese gov- ernment, as well as the resource persons, participants and secretariatmembers of the Workshop, for making the Workshop most significant. I hope this report will be utilized extensively for promoting the education of indigenous and minority peoples in the region. AstalPaifi Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU) 7 Contents Pre face Chapter 1: Proceedings of the Workshop Recommendations Chapter 2: 1) Needs and Problems on Education of Minority Peoples 8 2) Guidelines for Preparation of Effective Basic Literacy 10 Learning Materials for Minority Peoples A) Methods of study and survey of background situation and needs B) Methods of preparing learning materials C) Methods of teaching and effective utilization of materials Chapter 3: Reports of Group Work Group A(Law Yo Village, Akha People) Group B (Hey Go Village, Lisu People) 40 Group C Oa Yee Village, Lahu People) 60 Chapter 4: 1) Resource Persons' Papers 77 (A)Current Situation concerning the Hilltribes in Thailand (by Tuenjai Deetes) (B)The Development of Basic Literacy Learning Materials and Minority Language (by Patricia Tauroa) (C)Production of Literacy Materials in Minor Languages (by Varsha Das) 2) UNESCO Report & ACCU Report 87 3) Country Reports on the Education of Minority Peoples 97 in Asia/Pacific (9 South-east Asian countries): China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand & Viet Nam Chapter 5: National Follow-up Plans 117 Appendix: 1) General Information 123 2) List of Participants and Organizers 125 3) Schedule of the Workshop 128 4) General information on hilltribe villages in Northern Thailand 129 5) Inaugural Addresses 131 Chapter 1 Proceedings of the Workshop A. Introduction Mr. Shigeo Miyamoto, Executive Director of the Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO The Second Sub-Regional Workshop on the (ACCU), Tokyo, gave an address expressing his Development of Basic Literacy Learning hearty welcome to all the participants, resource Materials for Minority Peoples in Asia and the persons, and observers, and expressed his Pacific was organized by the Asia/Pacific appreciation and gratitude to all parties which Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU) and the contributed to the workshop. He highlighted the Non-Formal Education Department, Ministry of importance of securing the integration of cultural Education, Thailand in cooperation with the aspects into educational endeavours. UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (PROAP). Dr. Rung Kaewdang, Director General of the Non-formal Education Department, Ministry of The workshop was held at the Rimkok Education, Thailand, expressed his confidence in Resort Hotel, Chiang Rai, Thailand from 22 ACCU and UNESCO in their efforts to promote February to 5 March, 1994. There were sixteen education among minority peoples. Referring to participants representing nine countries, namely: the situation of Thailand regarding the minority China, Indonesia,
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