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Languages of Myanmar

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Languages of Myanmar Ethnologue report for Myanmar Page 1 of 20 Languages of Myanmar [See also SIL publications on the languages of Myanmar.] Union of Myanmar, Pyeidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw. Formerly Burma. 42,720,196. Speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages: 28,877,000 or 78% of the population, Daic languages 2,778,900 or 9.6%, Austro- Asiatic languages 1,934,900 or 6.7%, Hmong-Mien languages 6,000 (1991 J. Matisoff). National or official language: Burmese. Literacy rate: 66% to 78%; 78.5% over 15 years old (1991). Also includes Eastern Tamang, Geman Deng, Iu Mien, Malay (21,000), Sylheti, Chinese (1,015,000), people from Bangladesh and India (500,000). Information mainly from F. Lebar, G. Hickey, J. Musgrave 1964; A. Hale 1982; B. Comrie 1987; R. B. Jones 1988; J. Matisoff et al. 1996; D. Bradley 1997; R. Burling ms. (1998). Blind population: 214,440. Deaf population: 2,684,514. Deaf institutions: 1. The number of languages listed for Myanmar is 109. Of those, 108 are living languages and 1 is extinct. Living languages Achang [acn] 1,700 in Myanmar (1983). West of the Irrawaddy River in Katha District, near Banmauk, scattered among the Lashi. Along the China border. Alternate names: Anchan, Chung, Atsang, Acang, Ngac'ang, Ngachang, Ngochang, Mönghsa, Tai Sa'. Dialects: Maingtha. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Northern More information. Akha [ahk] 200,000 in Myanmar (1991 UBS). Population total all countries: 449,261. Eastern part of Kengtung Shan State. Also spoken in China, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam. Alternate names: Kaw, Ekaw, Ko, Aka, Ikaw, Ak'a, Ahka, Khako, Kha Ko, Khao Kha Ko, Ikor, Aini, Yani. Dialects: Ako, Asong. Classification: Sino- Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Akha, Hani, Ha-Ya More information. Anal [anm] Also possibly in Bangladesh. Alternate names: Namfau. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Northern More information. Anu [anl] 700. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MM 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Myanmar Page 2 of 20 Burman, Unclassified More information. Arakanese [mhv] 730,000 in Myanmar (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population total all countries: 954,000. Southwest, Arakan Province. Also possibly in China. Also spoken in Bangladesh, India. Alternate names: Maghi, Morma, Yakan, Yakhaing, Rakhain, Mogh, Magh, Marma, Mash, Rakhine. Dialects: One of the better known varieties of nonstandard Burmese with profound pronunciation and vocabulary differences from Burmese. Classification: Sino- Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Southern More information. Blang [blr] 12,000 in Myanmar (1994). Eastern Shan State, Mong Yang area, and Kengtung. Alternate names: Bulang, Pulang, Pula, Kawa, K'ala, Plang, Kontoi. Classification: Austro- Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Palaungic, Western Palaungic, Waic, Bulang More information. Burmese [mya] 32,000,000 in Myanmar (2000 D. Bradley). Population total all countries: 32,301,581. South, central, and adjacent areas. Also spoken in Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand, USA. Alternate names: Bama, Bamachaka, Myen, Myanmar. Dialects: Merguese (Mergui, Beik), Yaw, Danu (Taruw), Burmese, Palaw. There are diglossic high and low varieties. The preferred variety is spoken in Mandalay. Merguese (250,000 speakers), Danu (100,000 speakers), and Yaw (20,000) may be separate languages. They are distinct varieties (1997 D. Bradley). Speakers in Bangladesh speak Bomang, not Standard Burmese. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Southern More information. Chak [ckh] 20,000 in Myanmar (2002). Population total all countries: 25,500. Most in Arakan Blue Mountains, Myanmar. Also spoken in Bangladesh. Classification: Unclassified More information. Chaungtha [ccq] 121,700 (1983). Dialects: Related to Burmese. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Southern More information. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MM 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Myanmar Page 3 of 20 Chin, Asho [csh] 10,000 in Myanmar (1991 UBS). Population total all countries: 11,422. Irrawaddy River, lowlands. Also spoken in Bangladesh. Alternate names: Qin, Asho, Ashu, Shoa, Sho, Khyang, Kyang. Dialects: Thayetmyo (Thayetmo), Minbu, Lemyo, Khyang. Close to Saingbaung Chin. Also related to Shendu and Chinbon. Lemyo, Thayetmo, Minbu, and Khyang may be separate languages. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern, Sho More information. Chin, Bawm [bgr] 3,581 in Myanmar (2000 WCD). Falam area, Chin Hills. Alternate names: Bawm, Bawn, Bawng, Bom. Classification: Sino- Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki- Chin, Central More information. Chin, Bualkhaw [cbl] Chin State, Falam Township. Dialects: Closest to Zanniet Chin. Classification: Sino- Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki- Chin, Southern, Sho More information. Chin, Chinbon [cnb] 19,600 (1983). Kanpetlet, Yaw, Seidoutia, and Paletwa townships. Alternate names: Ütbü, Chindwin Chin, Sho, Chinbon. Dialects: Lexical similarity 50% with Asho Chin. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern, Sho More information. Chin, Daai [dao] 30,000 (1994 UBS). Matupi, Paletwa, Kanpetiet townships. Alternate names: Daai, Dai, M'kaang. Dialects: Matupi Daai, Paletwa Daai, Kanpetiet Daai. Two subgroups: one of them Tuishiip, or Shiip. Daai is reported to have 6 main subgroups. Classification: Sino- Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki- Chin, Southern More information. Chin, Falam [flm] 100,000 in Myanmar (1991 UBS). Population includes 9,000 Tashon, 16,000 Zanniat, 7,000 Khualshim, 4,000 Lente, 14,400 Zahao 18,600 in Laizao (1983). Population total all countries: 125,367. Falam District, Chin Hills. Also spoken in Bangladesh, India. Alternate names: Hallam Chin, Halam, Fallam, Falam. Dialects: Zanniat, Tashon (Tashom, Shunkla, Sunkhla), Laizo (Laiso, Laizao, Laizo- Shimhrin), Zahao (Zahau, Yahow, Zahau- http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MM 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Myanmar Page 4 of 20 Shimhrin, Lyen-Lyem), Khualshim (Kwelshin), Lente (Lyente), Chorei. Chorei may be a separate language. In India, other dialect or clan names are: Choral, Dap, Eauglong, Ranjkho, Bong, Bongcher, Kaljang, Korbong, Langkai, Moosephang (Machaphang), Migli, Mitahar. They are collectively called 'Baro Halam'. Rupini and Koloi are said to be quite different from the others. Tapong is reported to have difficult intelligibility for speakers of other dialects. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Northern More information. Chin, Haka [cnh] 100,000 in Myanmar (1991 UBS). Population includes 2,000 Zokhua, 60,100 Lai (1983). Population total all countries: 446,264. Chin Hills, Haka area. Also spoken in Bangladesh, India. Alternate names: Haka, Hakha, Baungshe, Lai. Dialects: Klangklang (Thlantlang), Zokhua, Shonshe. Shonshe may be a separate language. Classification: Sino- Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki- Chin, Central More information. Chin, Khumi [cnk] 36,700 in Myanmar (1983). Population total all countries: 37,888. Arakan Hills, Akyab area. Matu are in Southern Chin State, Matupi, Mindat, and Paletwa townships, western Myanmar. Also spoken in Bangladesh, India. Alternate names: Khumi, Khami, Khweymi, Khimi, Khuni. Dialects: Khimi, Yindi (Yindu), Khami, Ngala. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern, Khumi More information. Chin, Khumi [cka] 40,900 (2003). Arakan Hills, coast areas. Awa Dialects: The coastal dialect differs from the inland Khumi. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern, Khumi More information. Chin, Mara [mrh] 20,000 in Myanmar (1994). Lushai Hills. Alternate names: Mara, Lakher, Zao, Maram, Mira. Dialects: Tlongsai, Hlawthai, Sabeu. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern More information. Chin, Mro [cmr] 137,765 (2000 WCD). Arakan State. Dialects: Lexical similarity 13% with Mru of http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MM 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Myanmar Page 5 of 20 Bangladesh. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern More information. Chin, Mün [mwq] 30,000 (1991 UBS). Chin Hills, western. Alternate names: Mün, Ng'men, Cho, Yawdwin, Mindat, "Chinbok". Dialects: Nitu. Related to Daai Chin. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern More information. Chin, Ngawn [cnw] 15,000 (1984). Chin Hills, Falam area. Alternate names: Ngawn, Ngorn, Ngon. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Central More information. Chin, Paite [pck] 8,900 in Myanmar (1983). Tiddim District, Chin Hills. Alternate names: Paite, Paithe, Oarte, Hainte, Vuite. Classification: Sino- Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki- Chin, Northern More information. Chin, Senthang [sez] 18,200 (1983). Haka, Chin Hills. Alternate names: Senthang, Hsemtang. Dialects: Very different from other Chin languages. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Central More information. Chin, Siyin [csy] 10,000 (1991 UBS). Chin Hills. Alternate names: Siyin, Siyang, Sizang. Dialects: Close to Paite Chin. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Northern More information. Chin, Tawr [tcp] 700 (1996 D. Van Bik). Falam, Haka, Chin Hills. Alternate names: Tawr, Torr. Classification:
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