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Home , Agra Fort, Airavatesvara Temple, Hill Forts of Rajasthan, Rani ki vav, Sundarbans National Park

NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

PRESENTS

SUPER 40 SERIES TOP 40 PDFS FOR UPSC PRELIMINARY EXAM 2019

BOOKLET NUMBER - 3

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN

VIJAYANAGAR BRANCH: #3444, ‘KARMA KOUSHALYA BHAVAN’, CHORD ROAD, OPPOSITE TO ATTIGUPPE METRO STATION, VIJAYANAGAR, BANGALORE – 540040 JAYANAGAR BRANCH: LUCKY PARADISE, 2ND FLOOR, 8TH F MAIN ROAD, 22ND CROSS, OPPOSITE TO ICICI BANK, 3RD BLOCK, JAYANAGAR, BANGALORE -560011

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NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

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NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

UNESCO NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITES

NAME YEAR IMPORTANCE Great Himalayan National Park 2014  Conservation Area  Characterized by high alpine peaks, alpine meadows and riverine forests.  part of the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot  includes twenty-five forest types 1985   world‟s largest population of one- horned rhinoceroses  southern bank of Brahmaputra River at the foot of the Mikir Hills 1985   Major wintering areas for large numbers of aquatic birds from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia Manas 1985  Assam  Tiger reserve famous for Tigers, pygmy hog, Indian rhinoceros & Indian elephant. Nanda and Valley of 1988  Flowers National parks  Famous for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers  Asiatic black bear, snow leopard, brown bear and blue sheep National Park 1987  West  40% is in India and the rest in  It is in Delta  World‟s largest area of forests  National Park + Tiger Reserve + Biosphere Reserve  Bengal Tigers + Salt water crocodiles 2012  Older than the Himalaya mountains  influence the Indian weather pattern  one of the world‟s eight „hottest hotspots‟ of biological diversity

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NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

UNESCO MIXED WORLD HERITAGE SITES

NAME YEAR IMPORTANCE Kanchenzanga National Park 2016  both natural and cultural heritage value.  unique example of coexistence and exchange between different religious traditions and people.  combines religious and cultural practices of Buddhism as well as the ecological significance of the region.  unique diversity of lowlands, steep valleys and snow-clad mountains.  world‟s third highest peak, Mt. Khangchendzonga

UNESCO CULTURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITES

NAME YEAR IMPORTANCE Fort 1983   On the banks of River  It is near the gardens of  16th century monument comprises of: o Palace o Shish Mahal o Khas Mahal o Octagonal tower of Muhammam Burj o Audience halls (Diwan-i-khas and Diwan-i-Am) o White marble mosques (, ) 1983   Depicts life of Buddha  Built in 2 phases → 1st in 2nd and 1st centuries B.C.  2nd during Gupta period (5th and 6th centuries A.D.) Buddhist Monuments at 1989   group of Buddhist monuments  Oldest Buddhist sanctuary in existence dated 2nd & 1st centuries BC

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NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

Champaner-Pavagadh 2004  Archaeological Park  Kalikamata Temple on top of Pavagadh Hill  site is the only complete and unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city Chhatrapati Terminus 2004  Maharashtra (formerly Victoria Terminus)  Designed by Frederick William Stevens  Was named “Victoria Terminus” in honor of the Queen Victoria  Style combines the Venetian Gothic popular in England  Reflects some elements of Indian architechure  Built in local red sandstone Churches and Convents of 1986  Goa Goa  Known as the „Rome of the Orient‟  Most famous is Church of Bom Jesus, which contains the tomb of St Francis Xavier 1987  Maharashtra  2 group of caves - 1st is a large group of five Hindu caves - Older than the Himalaya mountains - the second a smaller group of two Buddhist caves, located on Elephanta Island near Mumbai – By Rashtrakutas  rock cut stone sculptures dedicated to god  Contains famous 7-metre-high trimurti “Sadashiva” – shown in 3 roles of creator, preserver and destroyer 1983  Maharashtra  A cultural mix of religious arts of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism  Dating from A.D. 600 to 1000 , contains famous shiv temple “Kailasha” built by Rashtrakutas

Fatehpur Sikri 1986  Uttar Pradesh  Built during the second half of the 16th century by the Emperor (the City of Victory) was the capital of the

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NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

for only some 10 years  Includes Buland Darwaja, tomb of Saint Salim Chisti, Jodha Bai Palace, Jama Masjid, , Panch Mahal, Dewan-i-Amm & Dewan-i- Khas, Birbal palace

Great Living Chola Temples 1987  Brihadisvara Temple at (Rajaraja)  Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikondacholisvaram (Rajendra 1)  at (Rajaraja 2) Group of Monuments at 1986  Karnataka  Capital of the last great Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar  located in Tungabhadra basin  Vitthla temple & Pattabhirama temple

Group of Monuments at 1984  Mahabalipuram  Founded by the Pallava kings  (Temples in form of )  Mandapas (cave sanctuaries)  Descent of the Ganges  Also known as Seven pagodas Group of Monuments at 1987  Karnataka  Built during 7th and 8th centuries under Chalukya dynasty  9 Hindu temples & a Jain sanctuary  Temple of Virupaksha built by Queen Lokamahadevi 2013  Rajasthan  Majestic forts in , Kumbhagarh, , Jhalawar, and Jaisalmer ‟s Tomb 1993   built by Haji Begum, wife of Humayun, in 1570  was the first garden – tomb on the  also known as precursor of Taj Mahal

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NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

Khajuraho Group of 1986  Madhya Pradesh Monuments  Belong to two different religions – Hinduism and Jainism  built during the Chandella dynasty ( descent)  Temple of Kandariya → Most famous monument by King Ganda

Mahabodhi Temple Complex 2002  at Bodh Gaya  attainment of Enlightenment  1st temple was built by Emperor Asoka in 300 B.C.  present temple dates till 5th & 6th centuries (Gupta era) Mountain Railways of India 1999  includes Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, , ,Ooty (Tamil Nadu) & Kalka – Shimla Railway, Himachal Pradesh

Qutb Minar and its Monuments 1993  Delhi  Built in early 13th century  Construction was started initially by Qutabuddin Aibak and completed by Iltumish

Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen‟s 2014  Gujarat ) at Patan  Lies on the banks of the river and built in 300 BC  Designed as an inverted temple highlighting the sanctity of water  it is divided into seven levels of stairs with sculptural panels of high artistic quality; Complex 2007  Delhi  built in the 17th Century by Shahjahan  has been fortified by an enclosure wall built with red sandstone, hence the name Red Fort

Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka 2003  Madhya Pradesh  foothills of Vindya range  earliest known traces of human life in India  Known for Stone age rock shelters &

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NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

paintings dated back till 9000 years

Sun Temple, Konark 1984   A 13th Century Sun Temple  located on the east coast of the in Mahanadi Delta  built in the form of of  the Sun god with 24 wheels  heavily decorated with symbolic stone carvings, led by a team of six horses Taj Mahal 1983  Mausoleum of white marble on banks of the Yamuna River  Built in Agra by Shahjaha in memory of his favorite wife Mumtaz Jantar Mantar, Jaipur 2010  built by Maharaja Jai Singh between 1727 and 1734  collection of architectural astronomical instruments Mahavihara (Nalanda 2016  Bihar University)  archaeological remains of a monastic and scholastic institution  dating from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE  includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings)and important art works in stucco, stone and metal. The Capitol Complex in 2016  Chandigarh Chandigarh  includes the Legislative Assembly, Secretariat and High Court.  designed by French architect Le Corbusier, in the 1950s when the city was constructed as a symbol of independent, modern India. The Historic City of 2017  Gujarat Ahmadabad in Ahmedabad  founded by Sultan Ahmad Shah in the 15th century  on the eastern bank of the Sabarmati river National IAS Academy Lucky Paradise, 2nd floor, 8th 'F' main road, 22nd cross, www.nationalias.com Opp. ICICI bank, 3rd Block, Jayanagar, 9632334466, 9632334488 Bangalore – 560011

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NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 03) CONTACT: 9632334466

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