Volume XXXVII No. I January I98Z INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAim OF MmSH RBOGSS W GlUT UOTAIH

RECRUITING FRIENDS Werner Rosenstock I should like to remind members of the continuing importance of recruiting more Friends of the AJR. If you have already succeeded in doing so, carry on and bring THE PERPETUAL MINORITY in more! If not, please let me urge you to do your bit in what is promising to be a New Leo Baeck Year Book successful campaign. We are encouraged by the numbers of Friends who have joined, but we should see this as only the beginning. The future of our Association's work depends "Minorities and Minority Trends" is the title the articles make easy reading for the interested on our ability to recruit people from younger under which the essays of the latest Year Booit of layman. Like its predecessors, the 26th Year Book generations, from within our family circles the Leo Baeck. Institute are presented.* Strictly also shows how much material still awaits and also from our wider circles of friends and speaking this common denominator does not only thorough exploration. Thus, the Year Books or, acquaintances. Their joining will help carry on apply to this particular Year Book. It applies to for that matter, the entire work of the LBI, the varied and interesting activities for the all publications on the Jewish problem because, originally regarded by many as a temporary ven­ Homes and the numerous ageing and isolated by their very nature, the Jews (with the exception ture, will have to carry on for an vmlimited time individual refugees who can be helped and of the inhabitants of the newly founded State of to come. supported in many different ways. Israel) have been minorities throughout the cen­ It cannot be the object of the review of any We have leaflets explaining the aims and turies all over the world. With this reservation it symposium to provide a full assessment of all the activities of the Friends of the AJR, and if you must be stated as a compliment to the editor, articles it contains. This also applies to the 18 need more of them, you have only to ask. Arnold Paucker, that, like his predecessor Robert monographs published in this Year Book. The By our combined efforts let us try to turn Weltsch, he has again succeeded in moulding the last period of a particular Jewish youth movement the Frieitds of the AJR into an additional diversity of contributions into an organic entity. before 1933 is described in the article by George driving force of the Association, to help us In the course of time, the Year Books have Guenther Eckstein about the "Freie Deutsch- face the challenges and fulfil the obli­ extended their terms of reference. When they were Juedische Jugend (FDJJ) 1932/33". It deals with gations of the coming decade with the brought into being more than a quarter of a one of the groups which came into being when vigour and freshness they can add to our century ago on the initiative of the Council of the "Kameraden" Bund was dissolved and split own efforts. Jews from Germany, the period covered in the into three sections: the "Werkleute", centred C T. MARX first issues ended with the year 1933. Now, the around the Jewish commitment, the "Schwarze Chairman impact of events under the Nazi regime, at least Faehnlein", preserving the kind of youth move­ during the pre-war years, is also scrutinized. ment which had no particular political or ideo­ Formerly, there were also only comparatively few logical leanings, and the FDJJ, which united 400 just as there were extreme sections of the Zionist essays on the situation in German-speaking ex-"Kameraden" who identified themselves with movement, like the State Zionists imder Georg countries other than Germany; in the course of the German Socialist organisations and parties. In Kareski, who took the line that there was com­ time, the proportion of articles on Jewry in 1933, when the organisation had to be disbanded, mon ground between Nazi-German nationalists Austria and Czechoslovakia has risen. Yet the many of its members became political refugees and Jewish "nationalists". To the honour of most important change is manifested by the and some of them obtained positions when they German Jews it must be said that their organis­ widened choice of contributors. Consciously or returned to East and West Germany after the war. ations made no ideological concessions to the Unconsciously, the motivation of the founding Nazis. They just kept clear of politics and fathers was to preserve the records as long as the restricted their activities to trying to avert any measures which went beyond the Nazi laws. At generation which could speak from its own experi­ A Prussian Monarchist ence about German Jewry was still alive. It might the same time they organised the emigration of those who were not too old to leave and for have been conceivable that, once people with this Whilst not only the FDJJ but also other background knowledge had substantially decreased, whom countries of refuge could be found. Jewish organisations understood that they had The process of emigration from Germany is the LBI would have completed its task. Yet just been eliminated from the German body politic the opposite has happened. The founder gener­ described by Herbert Strauss. The first part of his after the Nazis came to power, another youth study on the subject had already appeared in the ation was succeeded by scholars who had spent organisation, the "Vortrupp", was founded by only part of their youth in Germany or who were preceding Year Book, and as both parts togethar Hans-Joachim Schoeps with the objective of hav­ comprise 110 pages it would certainly be worth­ horn abroad of German-Jewish parentage. Finally, ing the "patriotic" section of German Jewry their ranks were joined by Jewish and non-Jewish while publishing them as a special book. Strauss incorporated as a group on its own into the analyses both the chronological development and a-uthors whose personal antecedents were in no "Third Reich". A thorough article by Carl J. Way connected with the subject of the Institute's the admission (or otherwise) to potential countries Rheins (born 1945 in Cincinnati) describes the of immigration. At the end he provides a survey research. They too felt fascinated by the phenomenon efforts of the "Vortrupp", carried out under the of the symbiosis between one essential section of the of the organisational set-up of the Reichsvertret­ slogan "Bereit sein fuer Deutschland," during the ung and its affiliated emigration agencies. In an Jewish people with its'environment. three years of its ^existence. Schoeps was a Prus­ Not only the articles themselves but also the appendix he lists the various plaimed agricultural sian monarchist and certainly an exception among resettlements, most of which did not materialise. footnotes indicate that the authors have based representatives of German Jewry. Yet he was also The effect of the persecution on German popu­ their monographs on thoroughly perused first hand a highly gifted thinker in the field of Jewish lar opinion is dealt with by Ian Kershaw. Based source material and literature—a fact which theology (as he interpreted it), and much as one on reports by the Gestapo and party offices the should be a matter of course in the field of may reject his ideology and his activities, it author comes, broadly speaking, to the conclusion scholarship but is not necessarily met in every would be unfair—as has now become fashion­ that the response to the official appeals and the Work submitted to the public. At the same time, able—to denigrate him as an opportunist. anti-Jewish measures was not as widespread and 'Year Book XXVI of the Leo Baeck Institute. Founder There were others among the extreme right- deep as the authorities expected. Editor Robert Weltsch. Editor Arnold Paucker. Seeker & wing non-Zionists who tried to come to terms Warburg 1981, 526 pages. £12—(free of charge for Friend.', of the LBI). with the Nazis at the expense of their own dignity, Continued on page 2 Pace2 AJR INFORMATION January 1981

Continued from page 1 GERMAN HARDSHIP FUND Time Limit Extended As already reported in our December 1980 and February 1981 issues, a Hardship Fund has been THE PERPETUAL MINORITY established for Jewish victims of Nazi persecution within the meaning of the Federal Indemnification Law (BEG), who for formal reasons cannot obtain This must, however, not make us overlook the with Christian scholars, and Warschauer as a compensation payments under the BEG because they fact that, albeit in a considerably more subtle great human personality. As a teacher and, above left Eastern Europe after 1965 or had other cogent way, reservations about the position of the Jews all, as a preacher in the great Oranienburger reasons for missing the deadline. The time limit for in Germany were already expressed during a much Strasse Synagogue, Dr. Warschauer was one of the the submission of applications to the Hardship Fund earlier period and by personalities of a high most widely known rabbis of the German capital. has now been extended by one year, i.e. until December cultural standard. In this respect the article by A Zionist already in his student days, he had 31, 1982. Application forms are obtainable from: Wolfgang Paulsen about Theodor Fontane will several difficulties with the Community Board, but Claims Conference on Jewish Material Claims against come as a surprise and disappointment to this in the course of time his popularity grew to such Germany, Grueneburgweg 119, 6000 Frankfurt, West writer's numerous Jewish admirers. His well- an extent that no restrictions were imposed on his Germany. known poem on the occasion of his 75th birthday, status. His son's article is written with particular when he was congratulated not by the Junkers love and will revive many memories among GATHERING OF WUPPERTALERS whom he had admired in many of his novels, but readers from Berlin. More than 50 former citizens of Wuppertal, by his Jewish readers, is a rather backhanded who now live in this country, recently met in the compliment to the Jews. One of his closest friends Austrian Empire Federal German Embassy for a particularly en­ was the judge Georg Friedlaender, a full Jewish Several articles are dedicated to the history of joyable reunion. The initiative had been taken by descendant of David Friedlaender. His family was Stadtverordneter Ulrich Foehse, a teacher of Jews in the former Austrian Empire, among them history in Wuppertal, who, in his introductory baptised in the third generation. And yet, Fontane "Jewish Townships in the German-Speaking Parts remarks, described the efforts of the town to keep comes to the conclusion: "Einverleiben lassen sie of the Austrian Empire" (Jacob Toury), "Assimi­ contact with its former Jewish residents. They (die Juden) sich, aber eingeistigen nicht. Und das lation and Conversion in Bohemia" (Michael would be welcomed as guests of the City Council sage ich (muss es sagen), der ich persoenlich von Anthony Riff) and "Austrian Social Democracy for one week's stay, but to its regret, the town den Juden bis diesen Tag nur Gutes erfahren and the Problem of Galician Jewry 1890-1914" was not able to defray the travel costs. Herr habe." An even stronger, at the same time pro­ Foehse also reported that a book on the history (Robert S. Wistrich). Karl Lueger's well-known of the Jews in Wuppertal was being prepared and phetic, sentence appears in a letter to Friedrich quotation "It is I who determines who is a Jew" appealed to those present to let him have any Paulsen: "Ich habe so sehr das Gefuehl ihrer is exemplified by John W. Boyer, who refers to pertinent material in their possession. On behalf Schuld, ihres grenzenlosen Uebermuths, dass ich the Mayor's friendship with quite a few baptised of the Embassy the guests were welcomed by ihnen eine ernste Niederlage nicht bios goeime, and unbaptised Jews. The author comes to the Gesandter von Alten, who also read out a message sondern wuensche." Fontane would certainly not conclusion that "in the proper perspective ... it from the Federal Foreign Minister Genscher. have agreed to the crimes of the Nazis. Neverthe­ must be admitted that the Jews of Vieima did not The addresses of the invitees had been collected less, the painful question remains, whether his suffer extensive material and cultural deprivations by Herr Foehse, partly as the result of an appeal attitude differs from theirs in principle or only in from Christian Social rule". published in AJR Information, and the editor. degree. Furthermore: Are we entitled to consider Dr. W. Rosenstock, was also among the guests. It That in its earlier years the German Workers' was particularly touching to note the cordial Fontane as a singular case or had most writers Movement was not free from antisemitism is reunion between people who had not met for and intellectuals of the 19th century moved away described in detail by Arno Herzig. many years. At the end of the gathering, a film from the "Golden Age" of Lessing's era? The bibliography (with alphabetical index) of was shown about the Wuppertal of today. It was The reaction of Jewish intellectuals to the books and articles, compiled by Irmgard Foerg interspersed with quotations from one of the most attitude of their non-Jewish cultural peers differs and Annette Pringle, is as indispensable as in famous daughters of the city, Else Lasker- widely. One article of the Year Book describes previous volumes when, until two years ago. Schueler. the itinerary of the philosopher Theodor Lessing Bertha Cohn was in charge. from Jewish self-hatred to a special brand of The review of a book, and even less of a BRITISH HELP FOR POLISH JEWS Zionism. multisided symposium, can never relieve the Following the sending of food parcels to Poland The Year Book also carries profiles of three reader from obtaining a first-hand knowledge of a by the Polish Jewish Refugees' Fund, a further rabbis, written by their sons: Adolf Altmann publication. This applies particularly to the LBI consignment of 30 parcels has been despatched by (Salzburg-Trier) by Rabbi Professor Alexander Year Books with the wealth of material they con­ the Polish Jewish Ex-Servicemen's Association in Altmann, Felix Perles (Koenigsberg) by F. S. tain. It is the object of this article to induce Britain. The President of the Association said that, Perles, and Malvin Warschauer (Berlin) by James members and friends of the AJR to get the Year although Jews were no worse off than other Poles, Walters (Warschauer). All three were great per­ many of them were elderly people who could not Book on their shelves or, better still, to secure the survive the winter without assistance. Mr. Greville sonalities in their own way and, in addition to regular receipt of the annual volumes by joining Janner, MP, who recently visited Poland, Hungary their rabbinical accomplishments, laid stress on the Society of Friends of the LBI, thus supporting and Czechoslovakia, has announced that the Polish special personal interests: Altmann as historian, one of the most important ventures of oui authorities have approved an appeal to the Jewish Perles as a theologian who had many discourses community. community in Britain to send food and clothing to the Jews of Poland.

WANDERINGS OF AN ARCH Another chapter in the history of a 200-year-old synagogue arch has opened with its installation in Northwood and Pinner Liberal Synagogue. The wooden arch was originally placed as the surround BARGAIN WITH MEPHISTO for the Ark in Malin Synagogue, Eastern Bo­ hemia, probably about 1750. The synagogue was closed in 1875 and the arch was removed to the To former refugees it is surprising to see that C. P. Taylor tries to show how a "good man", a nearby town of Kolin and installed in the New a generation that has grown up since the war and lecturer in German literature at Frankfurt Uni­ Jewish Cemetery chapel. In 1942, the 600 Jews in witnessed an imprecedented surge of violence, versity, gradually compromises with his con­ the town were deported and only 40 of them should suddenly show itself deeply interested in science, betrays his Jewish friends and ends up as survived. The arch was left forgotten in the the question of why people became Nazis. At the an official in Auschwitz. He is brilliantly por­ chapel. moment, there is a German-Hungarian film at the trayed by Alan Howard. The play has had such a Meanwhile, in Northwood it was discovered Bloomsbury Gate Cinema and a play at the Royal tremendous success that its run has been extended that one of the synagogue's Torah scrolls came Shakespeare Theatre's Warehouse which try to to 6 March. from Kolin and this inspired Michael Heppner, a provide an answer. Those of us who were once horrified witnesses member of the congregation, to study the history The film "Mephisto" is a masterpiece both in of the events depicted will occassionally be able of Kolin's Jews from the 14th century onwards. concept and performance. Klaus Maria Brandauer to spot something that is not quite historically On a trip to Czechoslovakia in 1979, he visited plays a prominent German actor who refuses to correct, but above all we know that the reasons Kolin as part of his researches and there found leave Germany and gradually becomes a helpless for which "good" people became Nazis were the long-abandoned arch. Mr. Heppner arranged plaything of the Nazis. The plot is taken from a hardly entirely rational. It is the exploitation of for it to be brought to England. Now the North- posthumous novel by Klaus Mann, supposed to be the irrational element by ruthless people which wood synagogue is planning a memorial exhibition based on Griindgens. makes the problem a contemporary as well as an and archive in memory of the 700-year-old Kolin The play "Good" by the young English author historical one. M.P. community. AJR INFORMATION January 1982 Pages

TEACHERS VERSUS YOUNG NAZIS The National Union of Teachers has issued a HOME NEWS policy statement to all schools throughout England audience with an "Aennchen von Tharau" parody, and Wales. Teachers are recommended to report AJR CLUB JUBILEE made up for "Gretchen Jacoby". to the head of the school those pupils who persist in racialist abuse. Children found writing racialist On 29 November, the AJR Club cele­ Musicality par excellence was provided by the Max Streat Trio (M. Streat, K. Passer, P. Blumen­ slogans and graffiti should be similarly dealt with, brated the 25th anniversary of its founda­ and the statement continues: "Pupils who refuse tion. Within the framework of the AJR, feld), who played a selection from Oscar Straus's to guarantee that they will not desist from racialist the Club has always had a place of pride. "Waltz Dream". The highlight, however, was pro­ behaviour, including the wearing of racialist or It provides members of the community with vided by two real surprises. Katinka Seiner neo-Nazi uniforms and insignia, should be sent the opportunity of meeting people of their ably supported by her pianist Mr. K. Lawrence, home. . . ." own background. The Hon. Officers of the sang opera, operetta and numbers by Lehar and AJR extend their cordial birthday congratu­ Offenbach in her charming clear-voiced way to NF PAR.\LLELS WITH SA AND SS lations to those in charge of the Club under the guidance of the indomitable and widely the delight of all, and Mrs. Margaret Jacoby Concluding a closely-researched article entitled loved Mrs. Margaret Jacoby. The following herself, surrounded by many personal and floral "The National Front and Youth". Dr. Michael report on the celebration testifies anew to greetings, expressed her thanks in a humorous, Billig and Dr. Raymond Cochrane compare the poetical and incredibly sprightly way for all the National Front to the "Sturmabteilung" and the the spirit of friendship by which the Club New NF to the "Schutz-Staffel". They suggest prevails. contributions ("Ich will danken, ohne Schranken, that political violence may appear in two forms: ohne Schranken"). What a pleasant gathering it was, and what a "the thuggish random attacks, particularly directed Apart from the homely touch given by "coffee against Asians, from the SA element, while the wonderful occasion! Both floors of the Hannah and cakes" (by the courtesy and diligent work of SS element will show more organisation and, Karminski House seemed too small for the many Mrs. Schlossberg and others) everybody was grate­ possibly, more longterm planning in their vio­ members and visitors who had come on 29 Novem­ ful and touched. Grateful indeed for the Club's lence." The article appeared in "Patterns of Pre­ ber to an "Afternoon of Surprise Entertainment." judice", published by the Institute of Jewish success not only in creating but in maintaining its Affairs. It was indeed entertaining. Led by their ever- standards, its aims and its activities. To give, to active Chairman, Mrs. Margaret Jacoby, a cap­ entertain and to help—it was in this last aspect NAZI POSTCARDS FOR S.\LE acity crowd followed with great interest Vice- that Mrs. Jacoby was applauded again and again, Chairman Dora Segall's report on the club's About 250 postcards, collected by a Yugoslav and prolonged success and long life were re­ serving with the Russian army in World War II, activities. She told us about the beginnings of the peatedly wished to Mrs. Jacoby and to the AJR club, which was started in very modest premises were sold at auction by Neales of Nottingham Qub. recently. Some of the pwstcards were of Nazi at Zion House, Eton Avenue, when Mrs. Gertrud origin, portraying Hitler and other leaders, and Schachne and Mrs. Jacoby set themselves the task JEWISH WORK STRUCTURES ANALYSED some were antisemitic. A spokesman for the of providing a meeting place for Jewish refugees Traditional Anglo-Jewish economic and class auctioneers said that it was a rare historical with a common background, giving them social structures are confirmed by a report on work and collection and people ought to be reminded of amenities and rendering assistance whenever employment among the Jews of Redbridge, re­ the crimes of the Nazi regime. He expected most necessary. While the original idea came from Dr. cently published by the Board of Deputies. Pre­ purchasers to be Jews. Following representations Adelheid Levy (whose memory and deep religious pared by Dr. Barry Kosmin and Caren Levy, the from the Board of Deputies. Neales apologised findings are based on an extensive survey made in for using the phrase "includes antisemitica" in convictions were cherished by all who knew her), the winter of 1977/78. Few semi-skilled or un­ their pre-sale advertisement. the committee was hard at work to make Zion skilled workers form part of this community, but House a "home from home". From those very there is a high proportion of taxi-drivers, foremen RITUAL MURDER STORY CONDEMNED small beginnings the AJR Club took shape. and managers in the clothing industry and mem­ The Dean of St. Paul's, the Rev. Alan Webster, Mrs. Segall reminded a very attentive audience bers of the liberal professions. Unemployment has condemned efforts to perpetuate the legend of of the many difficulties encountered, of the enor­ was at a lower rate than for the general popu­ William of Norwich, the alleged victim in a mous help and encouragement given by Mrs. lation and family cohesion helped to cushion its •'ritual murder" libel in 1144. He also referred to effects. The younger generation, however, are the bias shown until recently by some historians Schachne and Mrs. Jacoby on numerous occasions, notably absent from involvement in family and how these "mothers" gradually built up the against mediaeval Jewry, quoting references in businesses. the "Oxford History of England" to the "osten­ club as a regular base for its members, as well as tation" and "great wealth" of the Jews, and their a Sunday meeting place for the lonely—and later EXHIBITION FOR VETERAN SCULPTOR "contempt for the practices of Christianity", all also for bridge players and their friends. When, The Queen's Sculptor-in-Ordinary Benno Schotz of which "made them an object of universal many years afterwards, the club's activities were will shortly celebrate his 90th birthday. In honour dislike". However, said the Dean, the record was transferred to the more elegant atmosphere of of the occasion and as a tribute to his contri­ now being set straight. Hannah Karminski House, the membership had bution to Scottish arts, the Royal Glasgow Institute of Fine Arts is to hold a retrospective STUDENTS VISIT EAST AND WEST 8rown to 350, a figure which still holds good exhibition comprising 18 of his sculptures. Among despite many changes due to age and retirement. the works shown will be "Moses—the sculptor", During the summer a group of 17 students from During these 25 years many forms of entertain­ all over Britain shared an expedition to Jewish which has only been shown once before. Europe. Organised by the Union of Jewish Stu­ ment have been provided by the tireless efforts of dents, the tour covered 12 European countries, the club -committee. While not all the performers pillllliIlllllllllllllllll>lllllllllllllllllllll!llli:illll!IIHI!llllll!IIIIIIIIIIUII«IIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIffi^^^^^^ visiting many Jewish memorials and historic in­ Could be present on this occasion, a goodly num­ I ALL AIRPORTS AND SEASIDES | stitutions. In Romania, they went to Dorohoi, the ber of them enlivened the afternoon with their last remaining stetl in Europe, and in Venice Own special talents. Mrs. Lichtenstern had taken f JACK'S EARLY CAR SERVICE | there was a visit to the world's first ghetto. The On the task of assembling the artists, and she students' journeyings took them to Anne Frank's herself enchanted the audience with Hebrew songs, I 959 6473 | house in Amsterdam, the Dachau camp memorial, the remains of Auschwitz and the Warsaw Ghetto, 'deally interpreted, and accompanied by her hus- i HEATHROW —£10 LUTON —£12 I the Prague Synagogue and many other places of hand. Stage-screen-and-television actor Frederick s QATWICK/STANSTED/SOUTHEND —£17 1 interest. Schiller displayed his talent as a story-teller and i BRIGHTON — £25 i also as an accomplished guitar-player and singer. j EASTBOURNE & BOURNEMOUTH — £30 | PHOTOS WILL GO ON SHOW Carl Heinz Guttmann read two poems from i ADVANCE BOOKINGS j Following an appeal for items of Jewish in­ Byron's Hebrew Melodies and his own tribute to i EVERYONE FULLY LEGALLY INSURED | terest, Manchester Polytechnic Jewish Studies the Club's anniversary. Stefan Bukowitz revived illllllllllllllinillllKIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!!lllllllllllll|lll!ll!lllllllllll1llllll!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIITI!|{|ill!IIIIIIIIIIWII!IIU^ Unit has recently acquired a collection of photo­ an old Ralph Benatzky chanson in Viennese style. graphs of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany The audience heard Mrs. Levis declaim from Your House tor:— and Occupied Europe. It is expected that the Goethe's "Faust", and she read Hertha Kaliski's FLOOR COVERINGS pictures will eventually be put on exhibition. The CURTAINS, CARPETS, Polytechnic has four researchers working on Poem which had been specially written for the Jewish affairs, and the Unit also runs a library <*ccasion. Dr. H. Freund delighted the respwnsive SPECIALITY and museum. ENGLISH & CONTINENTAL Annely Juda Fine Art DOWN QUILTS, DUVETS BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE DUVET COVERS & SHEETS 51 Belsize Squara, London, N.W.S 11 Tottenham Mews, London WIP 9PJ ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS 01-637 5517/8 ESTIMATES FREE Our new communal hall Is availat>t8 for CONTEMPORARY PAINTING DAWSON-LANE LIMITED cultural and social functions For detallt AND SCULPTURE (••lablithad 1946) apply to Secretary. Synagogue Office 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Tei.: 01-7M 3M9 Mon-Fri: 10ajn-6pm Sat: lOam-lpm Telephone: 904 6671 Pdge4 AJR INFORMATION January 1982

PUGHT OF S. AFRICAN AGENT During the Second World War, Jan Taillard NEWS FROM ABROAD resigned from the South African police force, NETHERLANDS "CAT-AND-MOUSE" BY FRENCH POUCE masqueraded as a Nazi sympathiser and foiled a Old Synagogues again in Use After an arrest at Orly Airport, just as he was pro-Nazi assassination plot. Colonel Taillard was Centuries-old synagogues in Amsterdam are about to fly to Beirut, a man was questioned at instructed by Jan Smuts to take on a pro-German being restored by the city coimcil. In one of them, P^ris police headquarters for 48 hours. His pass­ role in order to defeat the Nazi agent Robey the Drift Shul, Rosh Hashana services were held port showed him as a Cypriot named Dimitriu Leibbrandt, whose "hit list" included General after a gap of more than 40 years. During the Giorgiu and had been issued about the same time Smuts, Sir Ernest Oppenheimer and South African German occupation of Holland, the synagogues as one for Alexander Panadryu. Panadryu had Jewish leaders. However, his secret work did not were converted to other uses, but the city council used his passport in the purchase of a motor­ find universal approval, since many Afrikaners bought them in 1954 and began to restore them. cycle which was found abandoned after the regarded Leibbrandt as a patriot. Colonel Taillard The four major buildings are the Great Syna­ bombing of the Rue Copernic Liberal Synagogue now lives in an old-age home with an income of gogue, built in 1671, the Obbene (1686), the Neie in which four people died. £50 per month but, despite his services and his (1730) and the Dritt Shul (1700). The Russen Giorgiu, alleged to be an Armenian terrorist, present need, a South African parliamentary select Shul, founded in 1883, is also under repair. When was set free by the police and again attempted to committee has just refused him a .state pension. the work is nearer completion, it is planned to fly to Beirut. However, he was once more arrested move the Jewish Historical Museum from the at the airport, on strong suspicion of implication DANISH ANTI-ZIONIST WINS CASE Nieumarket to the four synagogues. Of the 30,000 in the synagogue bombing. ROYAL UNVEILING IN ROTTERDAM For criticising a Danish MP, Steen Folke of Jews in Holland, about one-half live in Amster­ the "Leftist Socialists", a Copenhagen surgeon has dam. Fifteen years ago, a memorial to the 10,000 Jews of Rotterdam who were deported and mur­ been fined the equivalent of £77 and ordered to UNITED STATES dered by the Nazis was unveiled. The next day, pay the MP's costs. Major foreign policy pro­ New And-Tlieft Registry of Scrolls following objections by some members of the posals of the "Leftist Socialists" are that the PLO So many Torah scrolls are currently being congregation to the sculptured representations of has rights to Palestine and that the Arabs who stolen—88 this year in New York alone—that a human faces, the memorial was removed from the left Israel in 1948 should now return. The surgeon. Torah Scroll Registry has been established in New wall of Rotterdam Synagogue and there ensued a Axel Lademann, wrote a series of press articles York. An indelible code grouping of dots, visible prolonged and painful wrangle. Now the sculpture accusing Mr. Folke of spreading anti-Jewish in­ only in infra-red light, is stamped on scrolls by created by Loekie Metz and depicting the Patri­ citement and calling him a "Jew-baiter". During the registry for identification purposes. The archs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, with other the proceedings instigated by Mr. Folke, the figures, has once more been unveiled, this time by judge said that any argument against Zionism thieves sell the scrolls to unsuspecting communi­ could not avoid the implication that it reflected ties in Israel, Latin America and distant parts of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. In order to bring the controversy to an end, the Rotterdam an antisemitic attitude, but it could not be the United States, receiving up to £10,000 for each necessarily assumed that this was the case. sale. municipal authorities arranged for some alter­ US CONFERENCE FOR CAMP LIBERATORS ations in the memorial stone and have re-sited it The first Intemational Liberators' Conference, in the Town Hall gardens. PRIZE FOR RUSSIAN WRITER held recently in Washington, was attended not NO BAN ON SPANISH "PROTOCOLS" The Russian emigre writer Lev Kopelev has only by official delegations from Britain, the Spanish law, it appears, is powerless to prevent been awarded the German book-trade's Peace USSR, Yad Vashem and the Jewish Brigade, but the sale of anti-semitic propaganda throughout the Prize for his tolerance and love of humanity, also by several hundred concentration camp sur­ country. The notorious forgery, "The Protocols of expressed in his work for closer German-Soviet ^ vivors and 60 former American soldiers who had the Elders of Zion", originally published in Russia understanding. Two of his most recent works are been present at the relief of various camps. The in 1905, is freely available in a Spanish trans­ a biography of Heinrich Heine and (with Hein­ conference was sponsored by the US Holocaust lation on the main streets of Barcelona. The rich Boll) "Warum haben wir aufeinander geschos- Memorial Council, set up over a year ago in Spanish Ambassador to Britain, in reply to com­ sen?". At this year's Moscow book fair, Kopelev's memory of the 6,000,000 dead. plaints, can only suggest that libel proceedings works were among the relatively few which the should be taken. aiuhorities would not allow to go on display. AUSTRIAN YOUTH AT UNVEILING MEDAL FOR MAIDANEK DOCTOR In a frantic attempt to silence Holocaust wit­ nesses, SS-men murdered 1,500 Jewish women, Dr. Werner Schindler, treasurer of the Polish HITLER BEST-SELLER IN USSR children and old people on a roadside at Gunskir- Jewish Refugee Fund, has been awarded the For the first time, a comprehensive book on chen near Mauthausen concentration camp. The Polish Gold Medal of Merit for his medical Hitler and the Third Reich has been published in crime was committed just as the Second World work in Maidanek concentration camp, where he the Soviet Union, where it has become an immedi­ War was reaching its end. Some months ago, the helped his fellow prisoners. The presentation was ate best-seller. Entitled "Criminal No. One: The victims were exhumed and re-buried at the Jewish made by the Polish Ambassador at a ceremony in Nazi Reich and its Fiihrer", the work is partly cemetery within the confines of the Mauthausen London. based on studies published in the West. There are site, while a memorial consisting of three large BELGIUM some odd omissions: it contains no photograph of blocks of granite was commissioned, to be set up Anne Franli Recalled in Brussels Hitler, but only caricatures of him; there is no at the place of the crime. The Jewish Centre in Brussels has set up an reference to the secret agreements between the When the memorial was recently unveiled, Anne Frank Exhibition, including a filmed rep­ Soviet Union and Germany in the '30s; and other speeches were made by the Austrian Minister of resentation of the Dutch schoolgirl's famous diary. historical gaps are to be found. the Interior, Dr. Erwin Lane, and the Israeli Tours have been organised by 40 schools for some Ambassador, Issachar Ben-Yaacov, in the presence 1,200 of their pupils to visit the exhibition. Also of many local schoolchildren and representatives in Brussels recently, a dramatic version of the of the Jewish community, the Austrian army and diaries was to be seen at the Galeries Theatre. the government. The ceremony was oriented to­ Bomb Hoaxers in Antwerp wards young people; the Minister urged them Following the terrorist bombing in Antwerp, never to forget the past and to struggle against police and public have been plagued by a series of the renewal of such cruelties, the Ambassador bomb hoaxes. On one day alone, four calls were praised Austrian teachers for their presentation received and premises in the Belgielei had to be of the Holocaust to their pupils, and prominent evacuated. amon^ the many wreaths were those laid by youth ROMANIA organisations. Post-Emigration Problons SWISS LECTURES ON MODERN JEWRY At a press conference in the New York head The Evangelical Theological Faculty of the oflice of the American Joint Distribution Com­ University of Berne has prepared an extensive mittee the Chief Rabbi of Romania, the septua­ course on the elements of modern Jewry. Lectures genarian Moses Rosen, provided noteworthy facts by Professor Hermann Levin Goldschmidt begin and figures about Romanian Jewry. Of the 350,000 in November 1981 and cover such subjects as Jews who had left Romania in the last 33 years, emancipation, assimilation, Christian-Jewish re­ 90 per cent had gone to Israel, with the Romanian lations and the Jews in Switzerland. government's consent. This had resulted in a severe shortage of rabbis, shochets, and com­ Fights Rust MAIMONIDES TRANSLATED FOR munity leaders. 8,000 of the remaining 34,000 Newly developed. Zinc compounds EDINBURGH Jews (more than half of whom are over 65) are To mark the tercentenary of Edinburgh's Royal helped by the Joint in one way or another. In are some of the finest rust inhibitors.The College of Physicians, Drs. J. Weinberg and H. 1981 alone that would cost $3,800,000. About synthetic resin base forms a tough siJUDAISM INTERPRETED REUNION OF WIERINGERS Asked by a heathen to teach him the essence of Judaism while standing on one leg, Hillel the Elder (who lived at the time of Jesus of Nazareth) The first world-wide reunion of former student English. The Dutch people who lived in the said: "Do not do unto your neighbour what is members of the Wieringer Werkdorf took place— village nearby accepted the newcomers. hateful to thee; the rest is commentary." The 40 years on—in Holland in September. In 1941 Julius Reutlinger was with the last other, even earlier, summary of Judaism in one In 1934 Dr. George van den Bergh, President group of 300 people (Austrians had joined after word was provided by the Prophet Micha, who of the "Stichting Joodse Arbeid", took the initi­ 1938) when the Germans came. It was a tragic told the Jewish people and all mankind "what is ative, and with the help of the Netherlands moment. Quite a number disappeared, never to be good, and what God requires of thee: only to act Government, built a Werkdorf for young Jewish seen again. Others, like Julius Reutlinger, were justly, and to love lovingkindness, and to walk refugees from Germany. He wanted to train them saved through the help of the Dutch people who humbly with thy God." in all sorts of trades for further emigration. took them in. Reutlinger was in Westerborg for Dr. Unterman* thinks otherwise. In this book, The gathering was the idea of Julius Reutlinger, some time, from which he escaped, and when he said by the "blurb" to be for "the non-Jew and once an "inmate" of the Werkdorf, who is now was in hiding he met his wife. the iminstructed Jew", but evidently written as a settled in Amsterdam with his Dutch wife and Most of the young people worked hard and text for his students of comparative religion, children. He plaimed and organised the meeting were happy, although they had left their family ethics play no part. Indeed the author deliberately for a whole year with some helpers, and on and friends behind. They did not think too much excludes ethics from consideration: ". . . there is 12 September his dream was fulfilled. About 90 about the future, which was good in a way. a sufficient similarity of attitudes on these issues people met in the afternoon at an hotel in Thanks to the marvellous Dutch people who (viz. ethical norms) amongst those cultures which Amsterdam. People had come from all over the looked after the "inmates", they were able to live base themselves on biblical values, not to require world—Australia, North America, South America, a fairly carefree life. A great number managed a discussion of Jewish ethics within the space Germany, and from the United Kingdom. It was to reach another country in time, but many could available." a very exciting meeting, everybody wore a badge not escape their fate in 1943 when the Germans with his name and the dates at the Werkdorf. took over the camp. I suppose it is possible to describe the human The following morning a coach took us to the One part of our reunion was meant to remem­ anatomy without explaining the function of the Werkdorf, of which only the main building and ber these friends. In the hall of the main building heart, but it would be no more useful than a few barracks still stand. It is now a training a showcase was erected with a list of the names of describing Judaism (in any of its forms) without school for farmers. those who had perished. The wife of the former explaining the place of ethical conduct in the life Some of the Dutch instructors were present at Director of the camp, Lea Katznelson, unveiled of a Jew. To many Jews the whole purpose of the meeting. They had played a great part in this showcase, a candle was lit, prayers said, and Torah is to create the good man and build the helping us to face life in a different way—not as flowers laid in front of it. It was an extremely good society, to which all the rest—religious belief academics, but as manual workers. Everybody was moving moment. and rimal practice—are but adjuncts. Obviously delighted to see them again after all those years, Lunch was served in the dining-hall by the Dr. Unterman does not agree, for he passes off the and there was a feeling of a bond between us. Dutch friends. Reutlinger had produced a photo­ Mussar Movement in three perfunctory pages (our The carpentry instructor (a German non-Jew) montage put up on the walls around the room, own Reb Elijah Dessler might never have lived now 79 years of age—fiad come all the way from which showed the Werkdorf and its inhabitants and influenced generations of Gateshead Yeshiva Australia with his wife and daughter. He has during its existence. A number of speeches were students, many of them pothumously). Moses been to Israel several times. delivered by ex-Werkdorflers expressing gratitude David Luzatto and his Messilat Yesharim find no Blacksmithing agriculture, and gardening, in to the Dutch. Hope was expressed that the bond place in this exposition of Jewish religious beliefs addition to carpentry were taught to the men, and that keeps us together would be strengthened. The and practices. Contrast this with the exposition of the girls did mainly household work, although Mayor of Wieringen, who was present, made a Judaism for popular reading (in the Pelican series) some did gardening and agriculture. In the even­ speech which was greatly appreciated. by the late Dr. Isidore Epstein, who gives it a ings football was played, table tennis and place of honour among "text books for those who languages were taught^-Spanish, Hebrew and A.E. and I.M. aspire to moral and religious self-discipline." To posit that the ethics of the main religions are after all much of muchness and do not merit consideration by serious students of comparative religion ai>pears to this reviewer a gross over­ What simplification if not distortion. If this is the image of Judaism that the theologians of tomorrow take are you with them into their pulpits, it is not surprising that the all-pervading caricatures of Judaism, and doing of Pharisaism in particular, persist. about gifts May I suggest to Dr. Unterman that he com­ mends the late Rev. Travers Herford's work on the Pharisees to his students' attention. Although tiiis year ? a Christian Unitarian, he will provide a salutary No longer a problem, no longer a chors, corrective to the distorted image of Judaism here is the gift you will be delighted presented in this book. to give and secretly wish to keep. MICHAEL WALLACH This superb range of pocket knives, from the elegant Executive to ttie 'Jews: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, by Alan multibladed Champion is designed Unterman (Routledge SL Kegan Paul, soft covers, £6.50). to satisfy the most discerning user; made by Swiss craftsmen, th* knives h«ve for years been regarded as the world's best. Chris Bonington and his teem used our knives on the successful EXHIBITION climb of the South Face of Annapuma British and Continental Artists and the great ascent of th* Water Colours, Drawings and Prints. South West Face of Everest. For ttie gift that is different Austrian Show also open. but sure to please, choose from tlw Both until 31st January 1982. wide range of Victorinox pocket knives. There is no better gift Margaret Fisher, to carry your company logo. 2 Lambolle Road, (Belsize Square) FOR DETAILS WRITE OR PHONE SWISS CUTLERY (GIFTS) LIMITED London N.W.S. VICTORINOX HOUSE 1 RIDGE ROAD LONDON NW2 2QR • 01 435 5475 Telephone: 794 4247 AJR INFORMATION January 1982 Page 6 the growing towns and cities of Germany, into William Guttmann whose cultural, economic and social life they easily integrated. What anti-semitism there was, GERMAN-POLISH BORDERLAND was for them a challenge rather than a deter­ rent to proving their worth. A Page of Jewish History Thus Hermann Staub, an outstanding lawyer in 1856 in Nikolai (Upper Silesia), realising that his aspirations to attain his judicial office were thwarted by anti-Jewish prejudice became famous As the ultimate result of the territorial There were sentimental, emotional and other instead as "only" an eminent jurist and even more acquisitions made by Frederick the Great and reasons for this attitude, but the question of so as the author of a classic work, his authoritative his successors and the various changes brought anti-semitism was probably the most immediate Commentary on the German Commercial Code. about by the Napyoleonic wars and their after­ one. Anti-semitism in Germany was, of course, When the end of the First World War led math, Prussia and later Wilhelminian Germany a fact, but it was considered in those halcyon to a re-drafting of the map of those regions, ruled a wide strip of Polish-German borderland days a lesser, somehow manageable evil in the German Jews who had been born there con­ stretching from the Baltic Sea to Silesia with comparison with the viciousness and relentless- firmed their allegiance. In places where the a large Polish and sizeable Jewish population — ness of Polish anti-semitism (Polish nationalists final territorial decisions were made dependent Jews who, ironically enough, had centuries be­ considered Germans and Jews together as the on plebiscites, they voted, generally speaking, for fore found sanctuary from persecution in West- enemy), especially as it was Unked in the Germany, including those who had earlier emi­ em Germany in a then tolerant Poland. Jewish mind with the pogrom terror and bar­ grated to other parts of Germany and were In a new book, "Germans, Poles and Jews barism of Tsarism. In this respect Jewish feel­ entitled to the vote. And where the result was — the Nationahty Conflict in the Prussian East ing was at one with that of the German Social in favour of allocation to Poland, the vast 1722-1914" (The University of Chicago Press, Democrats who, in spite of their reservations majority of those who were still there pre­ Chicago and London, £10.50) Professor William about German militarism, etc., when war broke ferred to leave their native soil rather than W. Hagen deals extensively with the problems out in 1914, decided that the real danger came come under what they considered to be alien and tensions which arose from this constella­ from the East. rule. Nobody could foresee the cruel fate that tion. The bulk of his study is concerned with For the Jews to be German citizens, indeed would befall them little more than a decade the confrontation of German and Pole in the German patriots, did not, of coixrse, mean sup­ later. province of Poznan where the problem was porting official German policy, nor the parties most acute, and he gives a thorough, searching of the Right, tinged as they were with anti­ and detailed account of the German policies semitism; their political allegiance on the whole was to the parties of the Left or left of centre and actions — varying in their nature and DUDELHEIM SCROLL RECOVERED intensity over the years — designed to make where they played a considerable role, opposing the land and its inhabitants serve Germany's reactionary and oppressive policies, including, of Dating from 1829, a Torah scroll which had interest, and the Polish reactions to those poli­ course, anti-semitism and the nationalist ex­ been preserved throughout the time of Nazi op­ cesses of anti-Polish measures in the borderland pression by a Diidelheim citizen has now been cies, the clash of German versus Polish nation­ lodged with the Dr. I. E. Lichtigfeld Museum alism. It is a very scholarly investigation, pains­ provinces. Here their participation in local gov­ in Michelstadt. After the war, the scroll was takingly researched — the notes and biblio­ ernment was particularly significant. The pluto­ displayed at the Herison Museum in Biidingen, graphy alone fill 70 pages — no light reading, cratic franchise (the electorate was divided into but after prolonged negotiations it was agreed to to be sure, but no doubt most valuable for three classes, each representing one third of the hand it over to the Landesverband der Judischen the specialist reader. total tax revenue) favoured the rich, and in Gemeinden in Hessen. The transfer was recently those places among the rich were Jews and made with all due ceremony by the Mayor of the mainly Protestant Germans who, combined, Budingen. Poignant Interest wielded local political power. The specifically Jewish aspect of the story is Yet one remembers that many a rich citizen of wider and more poignant interest. Although, proud of being an elector in the first class, regrettably. Professor Hagen's treatment of the was still prouder to be elected by the voters conditions of Jews is almost entirely confined in a lower electoral class — a true man of to those of the province of Poznan, their situa­ the people. It was a sign of how far Jewish Remember tion was typical of all Jews in the eastern integration had gone. This integration occa­ borderlands of Germany. That story, moreover, sionally produced odd results. One prevalently Israel offers an illuminating comment on what has Jewish trade for instance was distilling, the been called the — albeit rather one-sided — schnapps makers and merchants, and very pros­ So Israel may remember you "love affair cum marriage of convenience" of perous they were. They bought their basic ma­ the German Jews with what they consider their terial, raw spirit made from potatoes, from the If you wish Israel and Jewish country. And by a cruel quirk of fate, it must big landowners, the Junkers, who ran these be mentioned, the horror that ended all that factories as a sideline on their estates; they Organisations to benefit by your is symbolised by the name of a place situated were arch conservatives and not averse to a Will, why not consult us? in that selfsame borderland — Auschwitz. bit of Jew baiting. Selling alcohol was the By the second half of the 19th century the material foundation for the marriage of con­ We have a special knowledge of Jews in those border regions under Prussian venience between Junker and Jew who united the problems and needs of rule had obtained full civic rights and by and in combating the anti-drink campaigns con­ large — in spite of painful discrimination and ducted by politicians otherwise more congenial Jewish Clients, and can help you ostracism in some fields — social and economic to Jewish interests. equality. In spite of Professor Hagen's confus­ or your Solicitor to carry out your ing and incoherent classifications of the Jews intentions. as a third nationality, they were German citizens Seedbeds of Talent and felt they belonged to that nation. (Zionism The Jewish communities in those Eastern For further information and was still only in its beginnings). Their origins borderlands were seedbeds of talent and achieve­ advice, without obligation and and the consequent affinity to the German lan­ ment for their members. They gained prosperity guage via Yiddish may have been relevant. But and distinction especially in trade, commerce free of charge, please apply to: the main reason for their attitude was the fact and the learned professions. But many of them that they prospered in trade, commerce and (and incidentally Gentile Germans in similar other walks of life under German rule, and conditions) partly in search of better oppor­ Mr H. Rothman (Director) these advantages were reciprocal. If a choice tunities, partly, as Professor Hagen points out, K.K.L. Executor & Trustee Co. Ltd. had to be made between the German and the under the pressure of Polish competition, chose Polish side, there was no doubt that the Jews to seek their fortunes elsewhere. Some went Harold Poster House, would side with the Germans. It would be diffi­ overseas (and indeed a descendant of Jewish Kingsbury Circle, cult to find many Jews who identified with emigrants from Krotoschin who settled in Aus­ London, NW9 9SP. any Polish organisations or aspirations, and in­ tralia, Sir John Monash, rose to become one deed in Professor Hagen's book, Jews are often of the outstanding British generals during the Telephone: 01-204 9911, Ext: 36 bracketed with the Germans, never with Poles. First World War), most made their homes in AJR INFORMATION January 1982 Page? FRITZ BAMBERGER AT 80 SALUTE TO EVA REICHMANN As we celebrate the 80th birthday of Fritz Bamberger, we survey a unique career spanning two continents. It begins with his studies at the Hochschule fuer die Wissenschaft des Judentums On 16 January, Eva Reichmann will celebrate her 85th birthday. Going through the and at the University of Berlin, where Ernst tributes which were paid to her in this journal ten and five years ago, it is difficut to pay Troeltsch was one of his teachers. After receiving homage to her personality and to enumerate her signal achievements without being repetitious. his doctorate and his ordination, however, he did And yet, it would be a severe omission if we left this year's date unnoticed. The feelings not enter the rabbinate, but instead continued his which people of different walks of life cherish for her are again shown in the two appreci­ philosophical research. As assistant at the research ations published in this issue. The Editor (and his wife) also belong to the inner circle of her institute of the "Akademie fuer die Wissenschaft friends. Their well-being has always been her concern just as she, with the intensity of her des Judentums" he joined eminent people who thought and feeling, is loved by them. May she let us benefit from her constructive spiritual made the Academy an important institute. alertness and the warmth of her heart for a very long time to come.—W.R. One result of that association was a series of publications, centering on Moses Mendelssohn. The 200lh anniversary ot his birth gave rise to a PENETRATING MIND Just because I have known you so long and so jubilee edition which started on the eve of the well, because I received a sizable number of letters catastrophe and—^after an interruption of many The editor's request creates a slight embarrass­ which I treasure both because I count myself years—is now being continued under the chief ment for me, because on such an occasion 1 am among the Eva Rcichmaim fans and because the editorship of Alexander Altmann. not prepared to write a conventional article. On Letters mirror a lively mind and more than that, Bamberger was the co-editor of the original the other hand I have written so much about Eva, and because I was privileged to compile a portrait edition and wrote the introduction to its first especially during the last weeks or so, that I am of you which the ZDF (Second German TV net­ volume. He, together with Ernst Cassirer, was tempted to repeat things which have already been work) will show to the German public early in recognized as being responsible for thoroughly said, even in this very journal. Many of my 1982—for all these reasons, it may seem para­ revising the anecdotal Gestalt of Moses Mendels­ allusions during recent weeks to the personality doxical, the task is more formidable than if I sohn and for placing him in the context of the and to the mind of the lady celebrating her were writing on a more distant personality, e.g. philosophical tradition to which he belongs. jubilee were made in connection with the articles Elias Canetti. Alexander Altmaim, both in his work on "Men- she wrote in this journal on the occasion of my The easiest would be some kind of love letter, delssohns Fruehschriften zur Metaphysik" and in own 90th birthday. But during all these years I with all the Victorian propriety as is due to a lady his Mendelssohn biography, acknowledges the have often praised her pronouncements, especially residing in London about half of her rich life. contributions made by Bamberger to the under­ her subtle and penetrating essays about the in­ But as I hope that I shall pay a long-postponed standing of Mendelssohn's "Gestalt" and philo­ ternal Jewish situation and the discussions going visit to you around 16 January and as I must fear sophy. While Mendelssohn was not his only on in the lewish world, which she published in that this rambling letter might be printed, I philosophical subject—one can cite the work on her contributions to the volumes produced by the decided that a love letter might be called for but the system of Maimonides—Bamberger often Leo Baeck Institute. There I had an opportunity would be out of place here and now: It is simply returned to Mendelssohn and to the beginning of of expressing my admiration and appreciation of "not done". "Juedische Wissenschaft". The Nazi regime put a her sagacity and penetrating mind in analysing Another alternative would be an appreciation halt only to his academic career. complex situations. It is still a little awkward to (Wurdigimg") of your books—I counted almost During the years preceding his emigration we have simply to repeat all that, and it would not a dozen, including "Hostages of Civilisation" in meet the same, and yet another Fritz Bamberger; help very much to escape by confining myself to various editions and the German version "Flucht we meet him as a scholar who also responds to a declaration of admiration and love. I can only in den Hass" (1950)—and your many more the exigencies of the hour. In Berlin, where point to many of my remarks in this journal articles and book reviews, but a more learned almost a quarter of all the German Jews lived, he during recent weeks, and also earlier. She also personality than I will write it. became the director of the teachers' seminary, the makes the job more difficult by the compliments One thing, however, I can certify better than administrator of the network of schools and the she has poured on my head which could create most others: the impact you have had and are spiritus rector of Adult Education. Together with the impression that I am only trying to recipro­ having on Gentiles in ixtst-war Germany. I know Erna Barschak, he wrote a memorandum on cate. But this is not the case, as I can prove by how many Germans of all ages were relieved after Jewish education. referring to all the things which I have said about reading your "Flucht in den Hass", not because you In the United States, Fritz Bamberger continued her before. "white-washed" Nazis or others, which you have to serve on different fronts. His interests ranged Remembering all these years of activity at the never done, but because you made them under­ over a wide field, and the positions he held were London Leo Baeck Institute, I would only like to stand the "Judenfrage", both the "objective" and of a bewildering variety: Rabbinate, College of say how important it was that after the premature the "subjective" one as you saw them. You had Jewish Studies, an editorship of Esquire Maga­ death of her noble husband, Hans Reichmann, and have an understanding attitude towards zine. He, the immigrant, became the right hand of Eva accepted the position on our board and human beings in general, and towards Jews and the President of Hebrew Union College, where he enriched our publications and consultations by Germans in particular. You impressed them teaches the History of Ideas. In all these positions her splendid contributions. I believe that I am deeply when addressing them at one of the first the role which he played is that of a vital link speaking also in agreement with many readers of the "Evangelische Kirchentage" in Berlin and between two streams of Western Civilization. of the journal, when I say that we all hope that lessened the suffering as you diminished the His counsel is sought after by the institutions she will continue her activity in good health and ignorance of those who came, thousands of them, with which he associated and the organizations with ever-alert mind in the future: and in this to listen to you, to learn from you and to cross which try to preserve and cultivate the heritage of expectation I am addressing to her the most the bridge you built for them. I observed this our people. He served as President of Selfhelp and sincere congratulations and many happy returns of when I happened to invade your home a few he still serves the Leo Baeck Institute as its Vice- the day. ROBERT WELTSCH months ago with the four Germans who helped President. When the Memorial Lectures of the make the film, and saw how they admired your Institute were inaugurated there was no doubt that the first lecture would be given by Fritz Bam­ BRIDGE BUILDER vivid intellect as well as your warm heart. You go on working: your birthday will only be berger. His essays on Leo Baeck and Julius ^^r Dr. Reichmaim, a short interruption of your daily work, which Guttmann were received and acclaimed as fine When Dr. Rosenstock asked me to write a few you pursue earnestly and with pleasure. I assume and accurate portraits of two great teachers. His ^vords for 16 January'. I accepted the honour with that you look back without hatred or rage: you influence is felt not only in the day-by-operation great pleasure. However, the task is not as easy look back in sadness, deploring the hundreds of of the Institute and in its decisions, but also in ^ I had thought. Not because I do not know you friends you have lost: You will think sadly of the way in which it tries to adhere to certain long enough or not well enough; just the opposite, your beloved husband. Dr Hans Reichmann, who standards. I knew you when you were in the Emser Strasse left us all much too early in 1964. In the world of Fritz Bamberger there is a 'n Berlin (CV and "Der Morgen") and after the There are few men or women like you: you blending of strict scholarship and practical wis­ "Var, I saw you repeatedly, e.g. at the Friedrich combine scholarly training and a critical attitude dom, of independence and loyalty. There is room Ebert Foundation (where in 1958 you talked about towards others and yourself with a kind under­ in it for friendship, and it is the helpful friend *he Ninth of November) or at "Haus Buchenried" standing and a heart sympathetic even to your whom we salute on this day. on the Lake of Starnberg. I recall how you got humble and obedient servant, who wishes to MAX GRUENEWALD 'he "Rosenzweig Buber Medal" of the Deutscher celebrate many, many more happy days with you, K^oordinierungsrat and how close you were to Leo dear Dr. Eva Reichmann. °aeck until his death in London 25 years ago. Rabbi Dr. Gruenewald is President of the Leo Baedl^ HANS LAMM Institute. / .._._..'_ .^.r'. .•'.. -.\:i'.'., r.-V-" . Pages AJR INFORMATION January 1982

MORE MATERIAL FOR TEREZIN ARCHIVE MISCELLANEOUS Yad Vashem has recently acquired the collec­ tion of documents relating lo the camp and ghetto THE PRUSSIAN LANDESVERBAND SCHLEGEL-TIECK PRIZE Terezin (Theresienstadt) which was formed by the The Schlegel-Tieck Prize, awarded aimually for late Zeev Shek. Professor Stephen Barber of First Comprehensive Monograph Montreal has also supplied new material on the "The annual sessions of the Prussian Landesver­ the best translation of a German work into band of Jewish Communities (PLV) was the only English published in the UK by a British publisher camp. Yad Vashem's Terezin archive is now the real elected representative Jewish governing body was recently presented at the Goethe Institute to largest of its kind outside Czechoslovakia and a until the establishment of the Israeli Knesset", Michael Hamburger for his translation of Paul research team is at present examining the whole Max P. Birnbaum writes in the introduction to his Celan's "Poems". Celan, who came from the collection and compiling a comprehensive cata­ newly published book "Staat und Synagoge 1918- Jewish German-speaking community in Romania, logue. Some of the material will be seen at the 1938" (Band 38 der Schriftenreihe wissenschaft- survived a concentration camp to become the forthcoming opening of the Museum of Jewish licher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts, profoundcst creative writer on the Holocaust so Creativity in the Arts during the Holocaust. A Verlag J.C.B. Mohr/Paul Siebeck, Tubingen, 1981. far. He committed suicide in Paris in 1970. number of artists worked in the "model settle­ 298 pp., DM 98). Functioning from 1925 to 1938, Michael Hamburger is a very fine English poet ment" set up by the Nazis of Theresienstadt. the PLV was a kind of Jewish parliament rep­ himself, and has taught in British and American Mr. Greville Janner, MP, on his recent tour of resenting three-quarters of the Jewish communi­ universities. He came to Britain from Germany Eastern bloc countries, was told that the Czech ties of Weimar Germany, approximately 400,000 in the mid-thirties as a boy of 12. authorities are to establish a museum in com­ Jews. It dealt with a whole array of problems memoration of those who died in the camp. from welfare and community support to Jewish STUDENT EXCHANGE WITH DACHAU Last November a gathering of survivors at the education, from rabbinical salaries to political The only Jew living in the town of Dachau, site commemorated the 40th anniversary of the defence and labour counselling. In the first five Nikolaus Lehner, and the Director of the Dachau foimding of Theresienstadt. Following a memorial years of the Nazi period many of the PLV Gymnasium, Johann Waltenberger, have succeeded service, an exhibition was opened in the Small in overcoming understandable Israeli resistance to Fortress, formerly used as a prison. After being functions passed to the Reichsvertretung der deuts­ an exchange visit between teachers and students chen Juden, but the PLV retained considerable living in Dachau and Jerusalem. Last spring, two shown at Sachsenhausen, the exhibition will re­ responsibilities such as the provision of a primary pupils of the Dachau Gymnasium won a visit to tum to Theresienstadt permanently. school teachers' college, pensions for rabbis and Israel as a prize for their essays on "Why I would LEGACIES teachers, and eventually, in 1936, an emigration like to see Jerusalem". Later two students from Dr. Walter Breslauer, whose signal services as statistics office. Bimbaum, one of the last surviv­ the Mae Boyar High School, Jerusalem, made a an Executive member of the AJR and as Vice- ing leading officials of the PLV, if not the last, return visit. Now, six students of history under Chairman of the Council of Jews from Germany has provided in his well-researched book a fitting the leadership of Professor Chaim Schatzker have will always be remembered, left a legacy of memorial presented by an insider, for this import­ spent two weeks in the town of I>achau. The £2,000 to the AJR Charitable Trust. The Trust ant German-Jewish institution. E.G.L. young people, both German and Israeli, are en­ also received a legacy of £1,500 from the estate of couraged during their visits to comprehend the Mrs. Lia Wagenberg. past and present history of German-Jewish re­ The loyalty of Mrs. Steffi Panke, for 18 years a SOFER COLLECnON FOR BERLIN lationships. devoted staff member of the AJR, is reflected in The unique collection of Jewish religious the stipulation in her will by which the AJR objects made by the late Dr. Zwi Sofer has been CHILDREN'S PAINTINGS ON SHOW Charitable Trust became the beneficiary of £10,CX)0 secured for the Jewish Department of the Berlin Two years ago, when Teddy Kollek, Mayor of of her estate. Museum. Acquisition was made possible by the Jerusalem, invited children to express their ideas JEWS IN EUSKIRCHEN prompt assistance given by the Deutsche Klassen- about the Bible in paint, he was inundated with Oberstudienrat H.-Dieter Arntz, Hasenhecke 16, lotterie Berlin. Professor Wilhelm Kewenig, pictures by 12,000 children from all over the 5350 Euskirchen-Rheder, who is preparing a book Senator for Cultural Affairs, who took a leading world. About 1(X) of the paintings were collected about the history of the Jews in Euskirchen, part in the transaction, told Heinz Galinski, leader into a travelling exhibition which has been shown would be grateful to receive the address of of the Berlin Jewish community, that the chief in many countries, most recently in West Ger­ Siegmund Kaufmann from Kommem/near Euskir­ part of the collection will be put on display at the many where some half-a-dozen large towns have chen or his daughter, whose married name is beginning of 1982. each housed the display for one week. Golding. The family emigrated to England in 1938.

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PAULA BARTH Paula Bartb, founder of the "Women's Social IN MEAAORIAM Service" in Israel and active in that organisation till well into old age, died recently in Tel Aviv in her eighties. N^e Wittenberg in Berlin, she RABBI DR. MANFRED SWARSENSKY SIR HANS KREBS came to Palestine in 1933, and was the widow of The death of Rabbi Dr. Manfred Swarsensky Sir Hans Krebs, the world-famous Nobel Prize- Dr. Aron Barth (1890-1957), who was head of the at the age of 75 in Madison (Wisconsin, USA) winning biochemist, died recently at the age of Bank Leumi and a leader of Misrachi. will be particularly mourned by former members 81. Born in Hildesheim, he started in 1926 as an of the Berlin Jewish community. During the years assistant to Prof. Otto Warburg at the Kaiser- GERARD REYBURN 1933-39 he was one of those who gave tnist and Wilhelm Institut in Berlin-Dahlem, studying the Gerard John Reyburn, who has died aged 67, was confidence to his outlawed fellow Jews by his molecular changes by which living organisms born in Berlin, son of an Austrian banker. He courageous sermons, his teaching activities and, convert their food to the cellular building blocks came to Britain in 1933 and became a solicitor above all, by his personal care for the individual. for growth and by which they obtain the energv after graduating from London University with His flat was a kind of "Hilfsverein", where they need, a subject to which he made many first class honours. He was a specialist in insur­ hundreds of desperate persecutees asked for contributions. Five years later he moved to the ance fraud cases and, as a partner in the leading his support in their emigration efforts, at a time University of Freiburg, where he made his first city firm of William Charles Croker, adviser to when one country after another closed its major discovery: the precise sequence of chemical leading members of the British aristocracy, includ­ frontiers. With his sense of humour, which he changes by which the liver conveils nitrogenous ing the Duke of Westminster, on their settlements, retained even in those dark years, he oiice re­ wastes (potentially toxic) into harmlessly excreted wills and tax problems. He was also for many marked that most interviews would start with the urea. This work drew the attention of the scienti­ years a Law Society examiner in private inter­ words "Bei Ihren Beziehungen, Herr Doktor". fic world to him, and was mentioned by the then national law and divorce. He shared the fate of tens of thousands who were President of the Royal Society (Sir Frederick thrown into concentration camps during the Hopkins) in his inaugural address. This was of MAX LERNER November pogroms and, in Sachsenhausen, gave direct benefit to Krebs when, in 1933, he was, like Max Lemer, son of the London Federation of moral support to the other prisoners. After his other Jewish academics, dismissed from his uni­ Synagogues' rabbi who was later Chief Rabbi of release, he intended to stay in Germany for the versity post, and Hopkins invited him to join his Altona, has died in Israel, aged 80. After his sake of his community, but the authorities in­ department in Cambridge. After three happy and emigration from Germany at the time of the Nazi sisted on his leaving the country. A new period of fruitful years there he moved to Sheffield, where take-over, Mr. Lerner settled in the Golders Green his life began in the United States, where he was he remained for the next 18 years and made his area before going to Israel a few years ago. appointed rabbi of the Temple Beth El in Madi­ second major discovery: the cycle of reactions that son. He held this oflUce from 1940 until his explains how all food materials release their retirement in 1976. Up to the end, he was also stored energy in the course of being "burned" to ON LIVING IN EXILE Professor of Jewish Life and Thought at the carbon dioxide and water, known as the Krebs Roman Catholic Edgwood College in Madison. Cycle. It w^s this discovery that led to his election The "Jahrbucher fur Zeitgeschichte", published This position, as well as his writing in Germany to the Royal Society in 1947, and to the award of by the Austrian Society for Contemporary His­ and the US, bear witness to the fact that he was the Nobel Prize in 1953. tory, contain mostly and quite legitimately studies not only a helper to those in need but also a on subjects likely to be of interest to specialists Constructive thinker. Throughout his life he re­ In 1954 he was invited to occupy a Chair at tained his contacts and his feelings of friendship Oxford, where he continued to teach and to direct only. In the 1979 volume (256 pages, Loecker with his former fellow workers in Germany, for a Medical Research Council Unit until he retired in Verlag Vienna, 1980), however, a contribution by all of whom his death leaves a deeply felt void. 1967. His retirement merely meant the cessation of Helene Maimann on "Exil als Lebensform" may teaching, since he continued his research and deserve wider attention. In the post-war years, produced a steady flow of papers read by all Austrians tended to envy their former compatriots biochemists. who had become refugees and had been spared ERICH GOTTGETREU The AJR has special reason to remember Sir the unpleasantness of subjection to Nazi domi­ Haris Krebs with gratitude and affection. He was Erich Gottgetreu, who died in Jerusalem at the an interested member and repeatedly expressed his nation. Even today, there is a noticeable reluct­ age of 78, was one of the outstanding Israeli appreciation of this journal and our other activi­ ance in Austria to acknowledge that the Jewish publicists and journalists of Central European ties. His address on the handing-over ceremony "exiles" and "emigres" did not leave their home origin. Bom in Chemnitz, he first worked in Ger­ of the "Thank-You Britain Fund" to the British cotmtry voluntarily. many as a freelance journalist for several papers. Academy testified to his understanding of the Mrs. Maimaim's essay is based on ample quot­ In 1929, he became Deputy Editor of the Lue­ special position of our community and we could becker Volksbote, where the young Willy Brandt not have wished for a better spokesman for the ations from the writings of German and Austrian Was one of his contributors. Later he was ap­ occasion. He was also a member of the Board of authors in exile in France, Britain and the United pointed Assistant Editor of the "Sozialdemokrat- Governors of the Hebrew University, which States, which show vividly how Jewish intellec­ •sche Pressedienst" in Berlin. When the Nazis awarded him an honorary degree, and a Fellow of tuals, to whom their native language was an came to power he emigrated to Palestine and, the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot. essertial part of their very being, suffered by a thoueh not a Zionist during his life in Germany, struck roots in his new country of residence. He We extend our sincerest sympathies (o Lady precarious existence in alien and uncongenial quickly built up a career as a reliable correspon­ Krebs and her family. surroundings. Yet it should not be ignored that dent, especially for the Associated Press, an office most Jewish refugees adjusted themselves to their he held from 1942 to 1967. At the same time, he new enviromnent in the course of time and learnt Was a regular contributor to many other news- to understand and to appreciate the life styles of Papers and periodicals, and AJR Information also CAMPS INTERN MENT-P.O.W.- peoples who had seemed to them at first inhospit­ nad the privilege of publishing a number of able and even hostile. F.L.B. articles by him. His work was, however, not FORCED LABOUR-KZ limited to reports and comments on day-to-day I wlati to buy card*, envelopes and folded post- events. It also included essays based on thorough marked lettars from all camps oi both worid wars. ANTHOLOGY historical research. One of the last of these was Please send, reolstered mall, stating price, to: Oswald Wolff, in collaboration with Inter­ his introduction to the reprint of Martin Buber's U Rosslyn HIII, London, NWS 1PP national PEN Books, have also just published an monthly "Der Jude". In both his articles and his PETER C. RICKENBACK Anthology of Modem Austrian Literature, edited historical monographs he could fall back on a by Adolf Opel, 257 pp., at £7.95 (paperback). The thorough knowledge in many spheres. The clarity editor provides a useful introductory survey of his style was exemplary, and he often spiced which tries to pin down the "specifically Austrian". his articles with puns, which were, however, never So many of the writers he mentions happen to be facetious. The last year of his life was over­ PeA diabetic Jews, that it is strange that that word does not shadowed by his illness, but he went on writing appear but perhaps the omission of the dis­ with undiminished enthusiasm and vigour up to A new range of Diabetic Chocolate Products tinguishing word is intended as an act of tact and the end. All those who knew Erich Gottgetreu made with FRUCTOSE (without artificial reparation. Nevertheless, it does give a peculiar feel united with his widow in their sense of loss. sweeteners) now available by mail order. wrench to one's historical sense. Made under strict control by one of West W.R. The problem with a prose and poetry anthology Germany's largest manufacturers, each item of this sort is that one is only given snippets of carries full analysis. writers' work—interest is no sooner arous&d than HANS BEER Check carbohydrate and calorie contents and it is frustrated by the brevity of the selection. On Johann Ferdinand (Hans) Beer, a distinguished remember to count it into your diet. the other hand, the translations are generally very City lawyer, has died at the age of 65. Exiled good. Thus they have had a distinguished poet from Austria in 1938, he was interned during the For further details write to: (Michael Hamburger) provide the English versions Second World War for a time, but was soon HF AGENCIES LTD. of Ingeborg Bachmann and Paul Celan. There are recruited by the BBC for its programmes beamed Freepost, London N19 4BR poems by Stella Rotenberg, who lives in Leeds, *o Austria. In collaboration with Patrick Gordon- and a chapter from Nobel Prizewinner Elias Walker and Hans Flesch, he presented "Londoner No stamps required if posted within the UK. Canetti's "Auto-da-Fe". The point is to show the V'osse" and "Pro und Contra", two effective war­ NOT SUITABLE FOR THE variety of the work produced in recent years and time propaganda programmes. His widow Gretel OVERWEIGHT to arouse the curiosity and desire to follow up 's herself a well-known journalist. these "starters". That it does very well. M.S. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION January 1982

THREEFOLD TRIAL FOR SOBIBOR GUARD For the third time, Hubert Gomerski faced a NEWS FROM GERMANY Frankfurt court accused of abetting the murder of 150,000 Jewish prisoners in the extermination TWO NEW MAINZ OTKENS SUPERIOR ORDERS WERE REJECTED camp of Sobibor. The first trial was in 1950, when The writer Anna Seghers has been granted the Gomerski was sentenced to life imprisonment. Giving evidence at a war crimes trial in Stutt­ However, after he had served some years of his freedom of the City of Mainz, even though CDU gart, former SS-man Ernst Schumann told the members of the city council voted against the sentence, it was found that part of the evidence court that the officers of his unit had expressly against him was false and, after a further trial suggestion because she is a communist. Born Netty assured their men that no one would be forced to Reiling in Mainz at the turn of the century into which lasted over three years, he was sentenced to shoot Jews. Although Schumaim had refused to 15 years in prison. However, the Bundesgericht­ a Jewish family Anna Seghers lives in East Ber­ take a hand in the shooting and had said to his lin. When, some years ago, the Johaimes Guten­ shof found that the proceedings were defective commanding officer that he would not obey the and required yet another trial to be set on foot. berg University of Mainz proposed to give her order to kill Ukranian Jews, he was not punished, honorary status, violent political controversy was This is expected to last at least four months. aroused. In contrast, the grant of Freedom of the Gomerski, now 69 years old, has declared, "I City to Marc Chagall was agreed by all parties on RIGHT-WING OFFICER DISMISSED didn't shoot anybody in Sobibor, or beat anyone, or anything else." A psychiatric report presented the city council. The most recent work of the Major Karl-Heinz Linder has been dismissed nonagenarian artist, who lives in Southern France, by the defence says that the accused is "a tool- from the West German army. His activities as personality, extremely reliant on authority", whose was the creating of six windows for St. Stephen's deputy of the National Democratic Party, an Church in Mainz, for which he refused any fee. ideal is that of "obedience to the point of self- extreme right-wing organisation, were held to be sacrifice", and is thus unable to comprehend the incompatible with his duties as an officer in a wrongfulness of his actions in Sobibor. GUETERSLOH JEWISH COMMUNITIES democratic army. In the double number (60/61) of the "Guters- The trial has now been adjourned indefinitely, loher Beitrage zur Heimat und Landkunde", because of the accused man's state of health. Yehuda Barlev (of Cologne) has written on the GIESSEN REJECTS NAZI DAUBING early Jewish communities of the Westphalian When over 100 tombstones and the Jewish District of Wiedenbruck (which, in addition to chapel at Giessen were found to be daubed with Gutersloh, includes Rheda, Neukirchen and Nazi slogans, the townspeople reacted with disgust EXTREMIST STATISTICS ANNOUNCED Halle). In the same issue Karl-Heinz Kruhl and compassion. Telephone calls and letters of The West German Minister of the Interior has reports on the consecration in 1980 of the sympathy were received by the Jewish community, said that in the whole of the Federal Republic memorial plaque on the site of the former while local priests and pastors expressed their there are about 1,400 activist neo-Nazis, of whom synagogue in Rheda, quoting the speech on that horror at this barbarous act. The Town Council some 150 had committed crimes of violence or occasion of Werner Weinberg, who was born in offered a reward for evidence leading to the arrest were likely to do so. Members of right-wing Rheda, and who teaches Hebrew Language and of the culprits and arranged for all traces of the extremist organisations amounted, he thought, to Literature at the Hebrew Union College in outrage to be removed from the cemetery. about 19,800. Cincinnati. E.G.L. EVA BRAUN ESCAPE THEORY DISGRACE FOR "PRISONERS' FRIEND" In a paper recently published by Professor TRIAL CHARGES ON Public disgrace has befallen Josefine Jurgens, who Soggnaes of the University of California, the ROMANIAN DEPORTEES last May was awarded the West German Federal identity of the remains thought to be those of Eva Charged with complicity in the murder of 600 Cross of Merit for her charitable work amongst Braun is challenged. The published accounts of Romanian Jews, former SS-man Gustav Richter is prisoners. Unprecedentedly, the award has been the Russian autopsy, says the professor, give den­ standing trial at Frankenthal near Mannheim. He annulled by the West German President, Dr. Karl tal details which do not tally with Eva Braun's is accused of persuading the Romanian Govern­ Carstens, because of the recipient's antisemitic attacks records, which he has now unearthed after a long ment to agree to the deportation of their Jewish on the conduct of the Maidanek trial. In a television search. Another point of disagreement is that the citizens who in 1942 were living in France. programme last summer, she declared that the trial of body examined in Russia bore shrapnel wounds. the concentration camp guards had nothing to do with Hugh Trevor-Roper, in his classic "The Last Days the rights of German citizens but had been set up on of Hitler", says that the dental assistant Frau behalf of Communists and Jews; that the court was Heusemann unhesitatingly identified Hitler's teeth AWARD FOR "EXEMPLARY" WOMAN under Jewish pressure and operated under Jewish but was less sure about those believed to come At a ceremony honouring her bravery in hiding influence; and finally that the witnesses were perjured. from Eva Braun. Frau Heusemann has now told persecuted Jews during the Nazi regime, Frau Frau Jurgens nevertheless refused to return her medal Professor Soggnaes that the bridge used to identify Elisabeth Wust of Berlin-Lichterfeld was pre­ and instructed a lawyer—who also acted for one of the body was never fitted, but only prepared, and sented with the Federal Republic's Cross of Merit. the Maidanek defendants—to contest the President's that the Russians must have found it in the The Mayor of Berlin said that by her brave decision. Chancellery. Professor Soggnaes theorises that Eva exemplary behaviour Frau Wust had served the As well as its recent bar on members of the Waffen- Braun may have escaped from the Bunker, but it German people well. Heinz Galinski, President SS Veterans' Association HIAG, the West German is of course known that a number of people killed of the Jewish Community in Germany, thanked Social Democratic Party has suspended Frau Jurgens' in the last phase of the war in Berlin were buried her and said she had followed the dictates of her membership of the party in view of her declared in the Chancellery garden and perhaps a con­ conscience and shown humanity in an age of antisemitism. fusion of identity may have arisen. inhumanity.

FAMILY EVENTS Kafka:— Franta Kafka, 2 December. CLASSIFIED ELECTRICIAN City and Guild quali­ Entries in the column Family Events Deeply mourned and missed by his The charge, in these columns Is SOp fied. All domestic work undertaken. are free of charge: any voluntary devoted wife Hilde, sons Edward and for five words plus SOp for advertise­ Tel. 455 5262. donations would, however, be appreci­ Thomas, daughters-in-law Frances and ments under a Box No. | ated. Texts should be sent in by 15th of Susie, grandchildren Debbie, Judy, COUPLE WISH TO ADD to their the month. Nicholas, Peter and Steven. own home with Continental paintings, china, silver, furniture and Persian For Sale Birthdays Koppel:— Mrs. Irma Koppel, widow of carpets/rugs, by private purchase. Friedrich Wilhelm Koppel of London, 458 3010. Levy:— Congratulations to Mrs. Lilly Kenya and West Germany, passed away FEATHERBED (Tuchent) Down, Levy of 21, Norman Court, 395 Nether after a long illness on the 15 November hardly used, for sale. Tel. 445 6858. Street, London, N3, on the occasion Personal of her 90th birthday on 6 January, 1982. 1981, aged 82. LONELY GENTLEMAN, 60, seeking Her family and friends wish her a con­ Krebs:— Sir Hans Krebs died peacefully tinued long life in her usual good health. Miscellaneous lady for friendship and companionship. in Oxford after a short illness, aged 81 Continental origin. Box 903. years. Mourned by his wife Margaret, REVLON MANICURIST. Will visit Pbilipps:— Mrs. Else Philipps, of 101, children and grandchildren. Born in your home. 'Phone 01-445 2915. Vivian Court, Maida Vale, W9, Hildesheim. Situations Required will celebrate her 85th birthday on PART-TIME JOB as housekeeper Neustadt:— Alfred Neustadt, of 109, AN IDEAL HOME for an elderly gentle­ 30 December, 1981. Congratulations man (up to 80), 1 bedroom, 1 sitting wanted. North or Northwest London from all her family and friends. Fleetwood Road, Dollis Hill, NWIO, taken so suddenly from us 4 December. room with television, own bathroom, preferred. Car owner-driver. Box NO. Sadly missed by his wife Hanna and food if required. I minute from Marble 893. Deaths family. Arch and Little Venice. Not expensive! Blochert:— Mr. Werner Blochert, of 5, Box 897. Elliot Road, London, NW4, died after Reichsfeld:— Grete Reichsfeld (Hitsch- INFORMATION REQUIRED a long illness in his 85th year on 29 marm) died peacefully, but suddenly at GENTLEMAN WANTS WELL AJR Enquiries November. Deeply mourned by his the age of 76 on II November 1981, FURNISHED ROOM with cooking Moritz:— Mr. E. A. Moritz, last known devoted wife and greatly missed by his at 40, Southdean Gardens, SW19. She facilities. Permanent. Please ring 435 address 31, Harboro Road, Sale, relatives and friends. will be missed by her family and friends. 0720. M33 SAN. maa^smm m •HHHHHBH

AJR INFORMATION January 1982 Page 11

RICHARD RADO HONOURED The Mathematics Faculty of the Free Uni­ Letters to the Editor versity of Berlin recently awarded an honorary doctorate to Richard Rado of Reading. Dr. Rado, LORD HIRST NELLY SACHS who is a member of the AJR, was born in Berlin, studied mathematics in Gottingen and Berlin, Sir,—In your October, 1981 issue, I noticed a Sir,- -/ have just received the September issue of graduated with honours for his trailblazing letter from Gabriele Tergit concerning Lord Hirst your esteemed journal with the informative review "Studies in Combinations". He earned his PhD in of Witton—who was my father's executor and of the book on Nelly Sachs. Britain, and taught at Cambridge, Sheffield, Lon­ inveigled me into joining the GEC in the 1920s! I It may be fitting to acquaint your readers with don and Reading, retiring in 1971. He has pub­ believe that my family, through the Geheimrat a poem which she wrote specially for the "Scroll lished 113 papers in various mathematical fields. Hermann Aron of Berlin (who invented the first, of Fire" monument (Megillat Esh) in the Judean He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, was awarded original, electric meter arui had a hand in electri­ Hills overlooking Jerusalem above the peak of the Senior Berwick Prize of the London Mathe­ cal development in Germany and other countries) Mount Kesalon in the heart of the B'nai B'rith matical Society and is Chairman of the British was in some way connected with Hugo Hirsch (as Martyrs' Forest, a memorial to the victims of the Combinatorial Committee. he then was) getting to England. Holocaust. I would be very interested to have any ad- It is displayed in Hebrew, English and German. ditioned information about him as I knew him well The English version reads as follows: AWARD FOR DR. F. G. HOLLAND and talked to him when I was Assistant Political Secretary to the late Dr. Chaim Weizmahn, in Mutely the stone speaks Dr. F. G. Holland, the solicitor, has been awarded London, in 1928. Hirsch was no Zionist and, in of the martyrdom of the six million the Grand Cross of the Federal German Order of fact, told me at that time that he could not whose bodies drifted as smoke Merit. We extend our cordial congratulations to Dr. understand the late Lord Melchett's interest in through the air— Holland, who has been a long-standing and interested the idea. Silence—Silence—Silence member of the AJR. I did not know that he had lost two sons in You who were born afterwards, World War I. He and Mrs. Hirsch visited us a remember the men, women, children number of times when we were living in London. who became martyrs AUSTRIAN COMPOSER DECORATED I would be most grateful to hear more. in a time of violence— In Austria, the composer Hans Gal who came to Neve Shalom, Lower your heads in humility. this country as a refugee, has been awarded a Doar-na Shimshon, PO Box 4483, State decoration—^the Ehrenzeichen fiir Kunst und Israel. WELLESLEY ARON Jerusalem. (Dr.) WOLF S. MATSDORF Wissenschaft.

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of pre-Nazi Berlin, reached its peak with "Seven Deadly Sins" and "Threepenny Opera." After THEATRE AND CULTURE emigration to the States, Lotte Lenya's name reappeared after her husband's death in 1950 A psychological study. "Grossvater und Halb- Amadeus, Peter Shaffer's play, one of the great when, once more, she sprang to fame with her bruder", a first play by Thomas Hoerlimann, a successes of the British stage (at present at Her recording of songs and ballads in a voice increas­ Swiss writer, was given at the Schauspielhaus, Majesty's, London) has also conquered German- ingly husky, but always fiery and remarkable. Her Zurich, creating no small sensation. The central speaking Europe; after productions in Berlin and "Pirate Song" and "Surabaya Johnny" will be figure, a "Foreigner", arrives in Switzerland early Vienna, it was given at the Thaliatheater, Ham­ remembered by all who heard her sing. S.B. during World War II and claims to be Hitler's burg, with Will Quadflieg in the part of Salieri. half-brother. Problems arising during the play's Birthdays. The "legendary" Marlene Dietrich, action (extending over several years) are the born Maria Magdalen von Losch, whose world alleged reaction of the Swiss population, first career started under Reinhardt in Berlin during firmly pro-Nazi and antisemitic, but with the the Twenties, who was universally feted after FEUCHTWANGER BOOK FOR TV fortunes of war turning, gradually turning pro- partnering Emil Jannings in "Der blaue Engel", Allied. later star of many American films and brilliant in At the end of January, 39 years will have passed since Hitler's seizure of power in Ger­ 50 Years ago. Film event of the year was her "One Woman Shows" reached the milestone many, and to mark the occasion German, Austrian "Maedchen in Uniform", one of the few German- of 80 in December. (Some birthday versions vary.) and British television have collaborated in pro­ made films to reach British screens. Dorothea Paula Wessley, first lady of German stage and ducing a two-part film based on Lion Feucht­ Wieck and Ellen Schwanneke made their repu­ screen, at present playing in a Bouchaud comedy wanger's "Die Geschwister Oppermaim". The tations during that year which also brought star­ at Vienna's Akademietheater, is 75. Vilma Degi­ book, written in exile between April and Septem­ dom to another three actresses: Dolly Haas, scher, Doyenne of Vienna's "Josefstadt", wife of ber 1933, tells what happened to a Jewish family Anny Ondra and Martha Eggerth. Hermann Thimig, had her 70th birthday last in the first few years of the thirties. Austria: Old names—new names. The very month. Hilde Krahl, the German actress married popular chanson singer Andre Heller (son of the to film director Wolfgang Liebeneiner, is 65. founder of the Heller Chocolate firm) is at present Obituary. The death at the age of 83 has oc­ MARGARET FISHER GALLERY touring Israel. Stella Kadom who started Vienna's curred in New York of Lotte Lenya, widow of Margaret Fisher has her usual mixed seasonal "Kleinkunst" in 1931 when opening her little composer Kurt Weill. Born Karoline Blamauer in exhibition of British and Continental artists at 2 Lam- boUe Road, NWS, imtil the end of January. It is a cabaret "Der liebe Augustin", and, after return­ Vienna, she was a most gifted singer and interpre­ mixed bag, but there is a great variety of attractive ing to Vienna after the war, continued at ter of p>oetry and songs. The happy partnership pictures in various media. The prices, in case you are "Theater der Courage", celebrated her 50 year with her husband who, in tum, together with thinking of giving a present, vary from £15 to £900. jubilee as theatre manager. Bertolt Brecht symbolized many musical aspects A.S.

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